Vicipaedia lawiki https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicipaedia:Pagina_prima MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.10 first-letter Media Specialis Disputatio Usor Disputatio Usoris Vicipaedia Disputatio Vicipaediae Fasciculus Disputatio Fasciculi MediaWiki Disputatio MediaWiki Formula Disputatio Formulae Auxilium Disputatio Auxilii Categoria Disputatio Categoriae Porta Disputatio Portae Adumbratio Disputatio Adumbrationis TimedText TimedText talk Modulus Disputatio Moduli Event Event talk 0 3563 3971797 3971307 2026-07-13T12:25:48Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3971797 wikitext text/x-wiki {{pro pagina discretiva vide|Saxonia (discretiva)}} {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} {{res|Saxonia}} est civitas foederata libera sita in parte orientali [[Germania|Rei publicae foederatae Germaniae]]. Propinquae sunt [[Tschechia]] et [[Polonia]], quae nunc sunt consodales [[Unio Europaea|Unionis Europaeae]]. == Res Politicae == Saxonia recta est per [[Factio Christiana Democratica Germaniae|factionem Christianam Democraticam]] gubernatam a [[Michael Kretschmer]], praeside ministrorum civitatis Saxonicae. == Historia == [[Regnum Saxoniae]] anno [[1806]] conditum est. Ab anno [[1918]] res publica fuit. Anno [[1952]] [[SED|Communistae]] [[RPDG|Germaniae orientalis]] civitates sustulerunt et Saxoniam in pagos tres diviserunt. Libertas harum regionum perfecta erat anno [[1989]], anno [[1990]] Saxonia restituta est. Multi incolae Saxoniae eo tempore se transtulerunt in alias partes Germaniae ad laborem ac pecuniam petendos, quos in patria sua Saxonia invenire non possunt. Hae novae patriae sunt [[Bavaria]], [[Berolinum]], [[Rhenum Septentrionale-Westphalia]] vel [[Badenia-Virtembergia]]. == Geographia == Oppida maxima sunt caput civitatis [[Dresda]], [[Lipsia]], [[Chemnicium]] (in [[Res publica Democratica Germanica|Re publica Democratica Germanica]] nomen erat ''Karl-Marx-Stadt'') et [[Cygnea]]. In Saxonia vivunt quadraginta centena milia hominum. [[Albis]] fluvius perfluit Saxoniam. [[Erzgebirgskreis]] est in provincia silvosissimus circulus silvositate 46,7 %.<ref>[https://www.wald.sachsen.de/aktuelle-waldflache-und-waldverteilung-4819.html Aktuelle Waldfläche und Waldverteilung], accessum die 27 Septembris 2019</ref> Mons altissimus Saxoniae est [[Fichtelberg]] prope [[Bohemia]]m. === Flumina === * [[Albis]] (''Elbe'') * [[Nissa Lusatiana]] (''Neiße'') === Urbes et oppida === {{Vide-etiam|Index urbium et communium Saxoniae}} * [[Annaberga-Buchholzia]]<ref name="Egli 1893">Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter.</ref> (''Annaberg-Buchholz'') * [[Argelia]] (''Torgau'') * [[Budissa]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> (''Bautzen'') * [[Chemnicium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].</ref> (''Chemnitz'') * [[Cygnea]] (''Zwickau'') * [[Dresda]]<ref name="Graesse"/> (''Dresden'') * [[Gorlicium Germaniae|Gorlicium]]<ref name="UL 1684">Universitas Lipsiensis (1684). ''Acta Eruditorum anno MDCLXXXIV publicata''. Lipsiae: Grossium & Gleditsch.</ref> (''Görlitz'') * [[Lipsia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> (''Leipzig'') * [[Mariaeberga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913?p=249&cq=Ludwigshafen%20u.a.&lang=en ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> (''Marienberg'') * [[Misnia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> (''Meißen'') * [[Nigromontium in Saxonia]] (''Schwarzenberg'') * [[Nivemontium (Saxonia)|Nivemontium]]<ref name="Avianus 1589">Avianius, I. (1589). ''ΜΟΥΣΑΙ ΣΥΓΧΑΙΡΟΥΣΑΙ ablegatae ad doctissimum optimumque adolescentem d. Bartholomaeum Cothium Nivemontium, quo tempore emeritum magisterii gradum philosophi Ienenses decreto suo illi concesserant''. Typis Academiae Ienensis.</ref> (''Schneeberg'') * [[Plavia Variscorum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> (''Plauen'') * [[Sittavia]] (''Zittau'') == Oeconomia == In Saxonia sunt multae sedes industriales. Cygnea et Chemnicium oppida imprimis oeconomica erant, sed hodie non iam sunt. ==Notae== <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Muscavia]] * [[Index urbium et communium Saxoniae]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Saxony|Saxoniam}} {{Fontes geographici}} {{Terrae Rei Publicae Vimarianae}} {{Germania}} [[Categoria:Saxonia| ]] 4olqhfv467cyi7ows4xjzr02kaggthw 3971809 3971797 2026-07-13T13:26:10Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3971809 wikitext text/x-wiki {{pro pagina discretiva vide|Saxonia (discretiva)}} {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} {{res|Saxonia}} est civitas foederata libera sita in parte orientali [[Germania|Rei publicae foederatae Germaniae]]. Propinquae sunt [[Tschechia]] et [[Polonia]], quae nunc sunt consodales [[Unio Europaea|Unionis Europaeae]]. == Res Politicae == Saxonia recta est per [[Factio Christiana Democratica Germaniae|factionem Christianam Democraticam]] gubernatam a [[Michael Kretschmer]], praeside ministrorum civitatis Saxonicae. == Historia == [[Regnum Saxoniae]] anno [[1806]] conditum est. Ab anno [[1918]] res publica fuit. Anno [[1952]] [[SED|Communistae]] [[RPDG|Germaniae orientalis]] civitates sustulerunt et Saxoniam in pagos tres diviserunt. Libertas harum regionum perfecta erat anno [[1989]], anno [[1990]] Saxonia restituta est. Multi incolae Saxoniae eo tempore se transtulerunt in alias partes Germaniae ad laborem ac pecuniam petendos, quos in patria sua Saxonia invenire non possunt. Hae novae patriae sunt [[Bavaria]], [[Berolinum]], [[Rhenum Septentrionale-Westphalia]] vel [[Badenia-Virtembergia]]. == Geographia == Oppida maxima sunt caput civitatis [[Dresda]], [[Lipsia]], [[Chemnicium]] (in [[Res publica Democratica Germanica|Re publica Democratica Germanica]] nomen erat ''Karl-Marx-Stadt'') et [[Cygnea]]. In Saxonia vivunt quadraginta centena milia hominum. [[Albis]] fluvius perfluit Saxoniam. [[Erzgebirgskreis]] est in provincia silvosissimus circulus silvositate 46,7 %.<ref>[https://www.wald.sachsen.de/aktuelle-waldflache-und-waldverteilung-4819.html Aktuelle Waldfläche und Waldverteilung], accessum die 27 Septembris 2019</ref> Mons altissimus Saxoniae est [[Fichtelberg]] prope [[Bohemia]]m. === Flumina === * [[Albis]] (''Elbe'') * [[Nissa Lusatiana]] (''Neiße'') === Urbes et oppida === {{Vide-etiam|Index urbium et communium Saxoniae}} * [[Annaberga-Buchholzia]]<ref name="Egli 1893">Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter.</ref> (''Annaberg-Buchholz'') * [[Argelia]] (''Torgau'') * [[Budissa]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> (''Bautzen'') * [[Chemnicium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].</ref> (''Chemnitz'') * [[Cygnea]] (''Zwickau'') * [[Dresda]]<ref name="Graesse"/> (''Dresden'') * [[Gorlicium Germaniae|Gorlicium]]<ref name="UL 1684">Universitas Lipsiensis (1684). ''Acta Eruditorum anno MDCLXXXIV publicata''. Lipsiae: Grossium & Gleditsch.</ref> (''Görlitz'') * [[Lipsia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> (''Leipzig'') * [[Mariaeberga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913?p=249&cq=Ludwigshafen%20u.a.&lang=en ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> (''Marienberg'') * [[Misnia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> (''Meißen'') * [[Nigromontium (Saxonia)|Nigromontium]]<ref name="Avianus 1589">Avianius, I. (1589). ''ΜΟΥΣΑΙ ΣΥΓΧΑΙΡΟΥΣΑΙ ablegatae ad doctissimum optimumque adolescentem d. Bartholomaeum Cothium Nivemontium, quo tempore emeritum magisterii gradum philosophi Ienenses decreto suo illi concesserant''. Typis Academiae Ienensis.</ref> (''Schwarzenberg'') * [[Nivemontium (Saxonia)|Nivemontium]]<ref name="Avianus 1589">Avianius, I. (1589). ''ΜΟΥΣΑΙ ΣΥΓΧΑΙΡΟΥΣΑΙ ablegatae ad doctissimum optimumque adolescentem d. Bartholomaeum Cothium Nivemontium, quo tempore emeritum magisterii gradum philosophi Ienenses decreto suo illi concesserant''. Typis Academiae Ienensis.</ref> (''Schneeberg'') * [[Plavia Variscorum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> (''Plauen'') * [[Sittavia]] (''Zittau'') == Oeconomia == In Saxonia sunt multae sedes industriales. Cygnea et Chemnicium oppida imprimis oeconomica erant, sed hodie non iam sunt. ==Notae== <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Muscavia]] * [[Index urbium et communium Saxoniae]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Saxony|Saxoniam}} {{Fontes geographici}} {{Terrae Rei Publicae Vimarianae}} {{Germania}} [[Categoria:Saxonia| ]] gncpnw7ybcm729g9q8u22buf3e50wox 0 4290 3971928 3971207 2026-07-14T06:38:54Z Jondel 452 /* Iuventus */ eruditus=>educatus : ;educare vs eruditus: Please!! It is correct that educare means lead out, but it also means "bring up o rear as a child" Please leave it this way. Eruditus means learned in a scholastic academic way. Please avoid this in this article. 3971928 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Latinitas|-3}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Ferdinand Magellan.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Imago]] Ferdinandi Magellani [[saeculum|saeculo]] [[saeculum 16|16]] vel [[saeculum 17|17]] picta.]] {{res|Ferdinandus Magellanus}} ([[Lusitane]] ''Fernão de Magalhães''&thinsp;; natus circa [[1480]]; mortuus [[27 Aprilis]] [[1521]]) fuit [[explorator]] [[Portugallia|Lusitanus]]. Ex urbe {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Sabrosa|Sabrosae|en|qid=Q1006389}} oriens, in Portugallia [[septentrio]]nali sitae, [[Carolus V (imperator)|Carolo I Regi Hispaniae]] servivit, [[via]]m ad [[occidens|occidentem]] usque ad [[Insulas Maluku|Insulas Condimentorum]] petens (hodiernas [[Insulae Moluccae|Insulas Moluccas]] in [[Indonesia]] sitas). [[Expeditio Magellanica]] annorum inter [[1519]] et [[1522]] fuit prima expeditio quae, per [[Fretum Magellanicum]] transiendo, maria ab [[Oceanus Atlanticus|Oceano Atlantico]] ad [[Oceanus Pacificus|Pacificum]] (a Magellano [[Mare Pacificum]] appellatum) [[navigatio|navigavit]], necnon prima quae cunctum transivit Pacificum, atque prima quae [[Tellus|Telluris]] [[circumnavigatio]]nem complevit, quamquam Magellanus ipse, in {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Proelium Mactan|proelio|en|qid=Q2091449}} ad [[litus]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|insula Mactan|Insulae Mactan|en|qid=Q685318}} interfectus—haud procul a [[Caebua]] in [[Philippinae|Philippinis]]—totam navigationem non confecit. [[Species (taxinomia)|Species]] ''{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spheniscus magellanicus|Sphenisci magellanici|en|qid=Q207246}}'', [[familia (taxinomia)|familiae]] [[Spheniscidae|Spheniscidarum]], quam ipse primus [[Europa]]eorum observavit,<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20110823061128/http://www.globaltwitcher.com/artspec_information.asp?thingid=232 Magellanic penguin]."</ref> atque {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Nubeculae Magellani||en|qid=Q50028}}, parvi [[galaxias|galaxiae]] in {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Hemisphaerium caeleste australe|hemisphaerio caelesti australi|en|qid=Q2380815}} tantum conspicui, Magellani nomen commemorant. Praeterea, [[asteroides]] [[4055 Magellan]] in eius [[honor]]em nominatus est. == Iuventus == Quum adhuc esset puer et tiro, stipendii gratiā a Regina Leonora concessi educatus est. Posterius [[iter]] ad [[Asia Australis|Asiam Australem]] et [[Asia Orientalis|Orientalem]] fecit, deinde, ab anno [[1509]] usque ad annum [[1511]], stipedium denuo pro{{dubium}} {{Scholium|Quot nomina? Estne hic singulus homo?|Navarcho Almeida, Sequira, Serrano,}} {{Scholium|“Gubernator”? Angl. “Captain”?|gubernatore}} [[Alba Quercus (Novum Mexicum)|Albae Quercus]] meruit.<!--?--> Anno [[1506]] bello Cannanore{{dubium}} pedem [[vulnus|vulneratus]] est. Tunc, [[condimentum|condimenta]] ex [[Insulae Malucae|Insulis Moluccis]] orientia quasi [[aureum]] in Europa cupiebantur. Quamquam, [[foedus Tordecillis]] iter per mundum occidentalem iuri Lusitano restringit. Igitur tunc Magellan ad Insulas Moluccas variis compendiariis studebat, praecipue per vias orientales. == Regressus == Anno [[1512]] Europeam regressus, [[Islamici]]s [[commercium]] accusatus apud iudicium regni [[Lusitania|Lusitanae]] offensas accepit. Anno [[1516]], [[Hispania]]m perrectus, [[Hispani]] civitatis acceptus, et Hispanis [[mos|morem]] nomen mutavit. Deinde ad regnum Hispanici [[Carolus V (imperator)|Carolum]],{{dubsig}} ad [[Insulae Moluccenses|Insulas Moluccenses]] iter consilium protulit quam [[rex]] accepit. == Circumnavigatio et casus == {{vide-etiam|Expeditio Magellanica}} Expeditionem paravit qua prima [[circumnavigatio|circumnavigaturus]] fuisset. Anno [[1519]], ad Asiam per viam occidentalem iter commisit cum classicula ex [[quinque]] navibus. Apud alios 240 [[nauta]]s erant [[Ioannes Sebastianus Elcano|Elcano]] navarchus vicarius et [[Antonius Pigafetta]] chronographus supernumerariusque, qui iter victuri fuissent. [[America Australis|Americam Australem]] attigit et [[Brasilia]]m visitavit, quae fuit terra [[Portugallia|Lusitana]]. [[Fretum]] advenit quod [[Fretum Magellanicum|nomen]] eius hodie fert. Hoc fretum, cuspem [[continens|continente]] dividens, [[oceanus|oceanos]] [[Oceanus Atlanticus|Atlanticum]] et [[Oceanus Pacificus|Pacificum]] coniungit. Hunc{{dubsig}} rebellionem subiugit, sed [[duo|duas]] [[navis|naves]] desideravit. Miros observabant quae sunt inter alios [[Sphenisciformes|aves sine pennae volatuque]] et [[Lama glama|dromedarii sine gibbo]]. [[Oceanus Pacificus|Oceanum Pacificum]] attigit, et tranquillitas eius observatus, nomen hodiernam appellavit. Oceanum transientes omnes naves duro magnopere passus erant, et alii esurie moriti fuerunt. Die [[13 Februarii]] [[1521]], insulas adventum quam appellata ab Magellano [[Insulae Latronum]] quod cleptas passus erat ex indigenis, nam nunc [[Insuae Marianae|Insulae Mariana]] et [[Guama]]. Die [[16 Martii]] [[1521]], insulae ''Homonhon'' [[Philippinae|Philippinarum]] adventum ab Magellano est, cum adhunc 150 nautis. Interprete Henrico communicare poterant. Vernaculo rege amicavit, sed apud rixam interfuit, ei pugnante litore Mactan interfectus fuit. [[Eduardus Barbosa]] eodem proelio mortuus est. Cetera fugerunt. Ex 237 Hispanicis, regressi sunt [[duodeviginti]] nautae die [[6 Septembris]] [[1522]], [[Ioannes Sebastianus Elcano|Ioanne Sebastiano Elcano]] duce. Unus eorum fuit [[Antonius Pigafetta]], qui totam expeditionem tradidit. == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == === Fontes primi === {{Pars vicificanda}} *{{Citation |last= Pigafetta |first= Antonio |authorlink= Antonio Pigafetta |title=Magellan's Voyage around the World |publisher=Arthur A. Clark |year= 1906 |isbn= |ref=harv}} (orig. ''[http://www.archive.org/details/primerviajeentor00piga Primer viaje en torno del globo]'' Retrieved on 2009-04-08). * [[Maximilianus Transylvanus]], ''De Moluccis insulis'', 1523, 1542. *{{Citation |last= Nowell |first= Charles E. ed. |title= Magellan's Voyage around the World: Three Contemporary Accounts |publisher=NU Press |location=Evanston |year= [[1962]] |isbn= }}. *<cite id=CITEREFStanley1874>''[http://dlxs.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=sea;cc=sea;sid=424383ff2ffa1020e1afb760b0fe4109;idno=sea061;view=toc The First Voyage Round the World, by Magellan]'', full text, English translation by Henry Stanley, 3rd Baron Stanley of Alderley, Londinii: Hakluyt, [1874] – six contemporary accounts of his voyage</cite>. *{{citation|last=Oliveira|first=Fernando|title=The Voyage of Ferdinand Magellan|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=MByAAAAAMAAJ|year=1550–1560|publication-date=2002|publisher=National Historical Institute|isbn=9789715381635}}, English translation by Peter Schreurs from the original Portuguese manuscript in the University Library of Lieden, The Netherlands. === Alii fontes === *{{Citation |last= Bergreen |first=Laurence |authorlink= Laurence Bergreen |title=Over the Edge of the World: Magellan's Terrifying Circumnavigation of the Globe |publisher=William Morrow |year= 2003 |month= 14 October|isbn= 9780066211732, ISBN 0-06-093638-X |laysummary= http://www.bookreporter.com/reviews/0066211735.asp }}. *{{Citation |last= Guillemard |first= Francis Henry Hill |title=The life of Ferdinand Magellan, and the first circumnavigation of the globe, 1480–1521 |publisher=G. Philip |year=[[1890]] |url= http://www.archive.org/details/lifeofferdinandm00guil |accessdate=8 April 2009 }}. *{{Citation |last= Hildebrand |first=Arthur Sturges |title= Magellan |publisher=Harcourt, Brace & Co |location= Novi Eboraci |year= [[1924]] |isbn= 9781417914135 (reprint) }}. *{{Citation |last= Joyner |first= Tim |title=Magellan |publisher=International Marine Publishing |location= Camden, Me. |year= [[1992]] |isbn= 9780070331280 }}. *{{Citation |last= Nunn |first= George E. |title= The Columbus and Magellan Concepts of South American Geography |year= 1932 |isbn= }}. *{{Citation |last= Parr |first= Charles M. |title= So Noble a Captain: The Life and Times of Ferdinand Magellan |publisher=Crowell |location=Novi Eboraci |year= [[1953]] |isbn= 0837185211, ISBN 0-8371-8521-1 }}. *{{Citation |last= Parry |first= J. H. |authorlink= J. H. Parry |title= The Discovery of South America |publisher=Taplinger |location= Novi Eboraci |year= [[1979]] |isbn= }}. *{{Citation |last= Parry |first= J. H. |title= The Discovery of the Sea |publisher=University of California Press |location= Berkley |year= [[1981]] |isbn= 978-0520042360 }}. *{{Citation |last= Parry |first= J. H. |title= The Spanish Seaborne Empire |publisher=Knopf |location= Novi Eboraci |year= 1970 |isbn= 978-0520071407 }}. *{{Citation |last= Pérez-Mallaína |first= Pablo E. |others= trans. Carla Rahn Phillips |title= Spain's Men of the Sea: Daily Life on the Indies Fleets in the Sixteenth Century |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |location= Baltimore |year= 1998 |isbn= 9780801857461 |laysummary= http://www.marcusrediker.com/reviews/Perez_review.htm }}. *{{Citation |last= Roditi |first= Edouard |title= Magellan of the Pacific |publisher=Faber & Faber |location=Londinii |year= 1972 |isbn= 0571089453 }}. *{{Citation |last= Schurz |first=William L. |year=1922 |month=May |title= The Spanish Lake|journal=Hispanic American Historical Review |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=181–194 |id= |quote= |doi= 10.2307/2506024 |publisher=Duke University Press |postscript= . |jstor= 2506024 }}. *{{Citation |last= Thatcher |first=Oliver J. ed. |title=The Library of Original Sources |chapter= Vol. V: 9th to 16th Centuries |publisher=University Research Extension Co |year= 1907 |isbn= |pages= 41–57 |url= http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1519magellan.html |accessdate=8 April 2009 }}. *{{Citation |last= Wilford |first= John Noble |authorlink= John Noble Wilford |title= The Mapmakers |publisher=Knopf |location=Novi Eboraci |year= 2000 |isbn= 0375708502 |laysummary= http://www.cosmopolis.ch/english/cosmo33/history_cartography_mapmakers.htm }}. *{{Citation |last= Zweig |first= Stephanus |authorlink=Stephanus Zweig |title=Conqueror of the Seas: The Story of Magellan |publisher=Read Books|year= 2007 |isbn=1406760064 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=tLoWg9mMh04C&lpg=PA37&dq=cannanore%201506&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q=cannanore%201506 }}. (1K) {{Anni vitae|1480|1521|Magellanus, Ferdinandus}} <!-- Military personnel killed in action People of Spanish colonial Philippines Portuguese Roman Catholics Deaths by blade weapons People from Vila Real District--> [[Categoria:Circumnavigatores]] [[Categoria:Exploratores Americae Australis]] [[Categoria:Exploratores Oceani Pacifici]] [[Categoria:Exploratores Portugallenses]] [[Categoria:Historia maritima Portugalliae]] [[Categoria:Incolae Portugalliae]] [[Categoria:Nautae]] [[Categoria:Necati]] [[Categoria:Philippinae]] {{1000 paginae}} {{Myrias|Homines}} 3w2iovhjuxdenw6h01n9xu5bbjdvxu7 3971929 3971928 2026-07-14T06:42:41Z Jondel 452 /* Iuventus */ agreed ,=>sub instead of pro > 3971929 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Latinitas|-3}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Ferdinand Magellan.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Imago]] Ferdinandi Magellani [[saeculum|saeculo]] [[saeculum 16|16]] vel [[saeculum 17|17]] picta.]] {{res|Ferdinandus Magellanus}} ([[Lusitane]] ''Fernão de Magalhães''&thinsp;; natus circa [[1480]]; mortuus [[27 Aprilis]] [[1521]]) fuit [[explorator]] [[Portugallia|Lusitanus]]. Ex urbe {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Sabrosa|Sabrosae|en|qid=Q1006389}} oriens, in Portugallia [[septentrio]]nali sitae, [[Carolus V (imperator)|Carolo I Regi Hispaniae]] servivit, [[via]]m ad [[occidens|occidentem]] usque ad [[Insulas Maluku|Insulas Condimentorum]] petens (hodiernas [[Insulae Moluccae|Insulas Moluccas]] in [[Indonesia]] sitas). [[Expeditio Magellanica]] annorum inter [[1519]] et [[1522]] fuit prima expeditio quae, per [[Fretum Magellanicum]] transiendo, maria ab [[Oceanus Atlanticus|Oceano Atlantico]] ad [[Oceanus Pacificus|Pacificum]] (a Magellano [[Mare Pacificum]] appellatum) [[navigatio|navigavit]], necnon prima quae cunctum transivit Pacificum, atque prima quae [[Tellus|Telluris]] [[circumnavigatio]]nem complevit, quamquam Magellanus ipse, in {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Proelium Mactan|proelio|en|qid=Q2091449}} ad [[litus]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|insula Mactan|Insulae Mactan|en|qid=Q685318}} interfectus—haud procul a [[Caebua]] in [[Philippinae|Philippinis]]—totam navigationem non confecit. [[Species (taxinomia)|Species]] ''{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spheniscus magellanicus|Sphenisci magellanici|en|qid=Q207246}}'', [[familia (taxinomia)|familiae]] [[Spheniscidae|Spheniscidarum]], quam ipse primus [[Europa]]eorum observavit,<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20110823061128/http://www.globaltwitcher.com/artspec_information.asp?thingid=232 Magellanic penguin]."</ref> atque {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Nubeculae Magellani||en|qid=Q50028}}, parvi [[galaxias|galaxiae]] in {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Hemisphaerium caeleste australe|hemisphaerio caelesti australi|en|qid=Q2380815}} tantum conspicui, Magellani nomen commemorant. Praeterea, [[asteroides]] [[4055 Magellan]] in eius [[honor]]em nominatus est. == Iuventus == Quum adhuc esset puer et tiro, stipendii gratiā a Regina Leonora concessi educatus est. Posterius [[iter]] ad [[Asia Australis|Asiam Australem]] et [[Asia Orientalis|Orientalem]] fecit, deinde, ab anno [[1509]] usque ad annum [[1511]], stipedium denuo sub {{Scholium|Quot nomina? Estne hic singulus homo?|Navarcho Almeida, Sequira, Serrano,}} {{Scholium|“Gubernator”? Angl. “Captain”?|gubernatore}} [[Alba Quercus (Novum Mexicum)|Albae Quercus]] meruit.<!--?--> Anno [[1506]] bello Cannanore{{dubium}} pedem [[vulnus|vulneratus]] est. Tunc, [[condimentum|condimenta]] ex [[Insulae Malucae|Insulis Moluccis]] orientia quasi [[aureum]] in Europa cupiebantur. Quamquam, [[foedus Tordecillis]] iter per mundum occidentalem iuri Lusitano restringit. Igitur tunc Magellan ad Insulas Moluccas variis compendiariis studebat, praecipue per vias orientales. == Regressus == Anno [[1512]] Europeam regressus, [[Islamici]]s [[commercium]] accusatus apud iudicium regni [[Lusitania|Lusitanae]] offensas accepit. Anno [[1516]], [[Hispania]]m perrectus, [[Hispani]] civitatis acceptus, et Hispanis [[mos|morem]] nomen mutavit. Deinde ad regnum Hispanici [[Carolus V (imperator)|Carolum]],{{dubsig}} ad [[Insulae Moluccenses|Insulas Moluccenses]] iter consilium protulit quam [[rex]] accepit. == Circumnavigatio et casus == {{vide-etiam|Expeditio Magellanica}} Expeditionem paravit qua prima [[circumnavigatio|circumnavigaturus]] fuisset. Anno [[1519]], ad Asiam per viam occidentalem iter commisit cum classicula ex [[quinque]] navibus. Apud alios 240 [[nauta]]s erant [[Ioannes Sebastianus Elcano|Elcano]] navarchus vicarius et [[Antonius Pigafetta]] chronographus supernumerariusque, qui iter victuri fuissent. [[America Australis|Americam Australem]] attigit et [[Brasilia]]m visitavit, quae fuit terra [[Portugallia|Lusitana]]. [[Fretum]] advenit quod [[Fretum Magellanicum|nomen]] eius hodie fert. Hoc fretum, cuspem [[continens|continente]] dividens, [[oceanus|oceanos]] [[Oceanus Atlanticus|Atlanticum]] et [[Oceanus Pacificus|Pacificum]] coniungit. Hunc{{dubsig}} rebellionem subiugit, sed [[duo|duas]] [[navis|naves]] desideravit. Miros observabant quae sunt inter alios [[Sphenisciformes|aves sine pennae volatuque]] et [[Lama glama|dromedarii sine gibbo]]. [[Oceanus Pacificus|Oceanum Pacificum]] attigit, et tranquillitas eius observatus, nomen hodiernam appellavit. Oceanum transientes omnes naves duro magnopere passus erant, et alii esurie moriti fuerunt. Die [[13 Februarii]] [[1521]], insulas adventum quam appellata ab Magellano [[Insulae Latronum]] quod cleptas passus erat ex indigenis, nam nunc [[Insuae Marianae|Insulae Mariana]] et [[Guama]]. Die [[16 Martii]] [[1521]], insulae ''Homonhon'' [[Philippinae|Philippinarum]] adventum ab Magellano est, cum adhunc 150 nautis. Interprete Henrico communicare poterant. Vernaculo rege amicavit, sed apud rixam interfuit, ei pugnante litore Mactan interfectus fuit. [[Eduardus Barbosa]] eodem proelio mortuus est. Cetera fugerunt. Ex 237 Hispanicis, regressi sunt [[duodeviginti]] nautae die [[6 Septembris]] [[1522]], [[Ioannes Sebastianus Elcano|Ioanne Sebastiano Elcano]] duce. Unus eorum fuit [[Antonius Pigafetta]], qui totam expeditionem tradidit. == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == === Fontes primi === {{Pars vicificanda}} *{{Citation |last= Pigafetta |first= Antonio |authorlink= Antonio Pigafetta |title=Magellan's Voyage around the World |publisher=Arthur A. Clark |year= 1906 |isbn= |ref=harv}} (orig. ''[http://www.archive.org/details/primerviajeentor00piga Primer viaje en torno del globo]'' Retrieved on 2009-04-08). * [[Maximilianus Transylvanus]], ''De Moluccis insulis'', 1523, 1542. *{{Citation |last= Nowell |first= Charles E. ed. |title= Magellan's Voyage around the World: Three Contemporary Accounts |publisher=NU Press |location=Evanston |year= [[1962]] |isbn= }}. *<cite id=CITEREFStanley1874>''[http://dlxs.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=sea;cc=sea;sid=424383ff2ffa1020e1afb760b0fe4109;idno=sea061;view=toc The First Voyage Round the World, by Magellan]'', full text, English translation by Henry Stanley, 3rd Baron Stanley of Alderley, Londinii: Hakluyt, [1874] – six contemporary accounts of his voyage</cite>. *{{citation|last=Oliveira|first=Fernando|title=The Voyage of Ferdinand Magellan|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=MByAAAAAMAAJ|year=1550–1560|publication-date=2002|publisher=National Historical Institute|isbn=9789715381635}}, English translation by Peter Schreurs from the original Portuguese manuscript in the University Library of Lieden, The Netherlands. === Alii fontes === *{{Citation |last= Bergreen |first=Laurence |authorlink= Laurence Bergreen |title=Over the Edge of the World: Magellan's Terrifying Circumnavigation of the Globe |publisher=William Morrow |year= 2003 |month= 14 October|isbn= 9780066211732, ISBN 0-06-093638-X |laysummary= http://www.bookreporter.com/reviews/0066211735.asp }}. *{{Citation |last= Guillemard |first= Francis Henry Hill |title=The life of Ferdinand Magellan, and the first circumnavigation of the globe, 1480–1521 |publisher=G. Philip |year=[[1890]] |url= http://www.archive.org/details/lifeofferdinandm00guil |accessdate=8 April 2009 }}. *{{Citation |last= Hildebrand |first=Arthur Sturges |title= Magellan |publisher=Harcourt, Brace & Co |location= Novi Eboraci |year= [[1924]] |isbn= 9781417914135 (reprint) }}. *{{Citation |last= Joyner |first= Tim |title=Magellan |publisher=International Marine Publishing |location= Camden, Me. |year= [[1992]] |isbn= 9780070331280 }}. *{{Citation |last= Nunn |first= George E. |title= The Columbus and Magellan Concepts of South American Geography |year= 1932 |isbn= }}. *{{Citation |last= Parr |first= Charles M. |title= So Noble a Captain: The Life and Times of Ferdinand Magellan |publisher=Crowell |location=Novi Eboraci |year= [[1953]] |isbn= 0837185211, ISBN 0-8371-8521-1 }}. *{{Citation |last= Parry |first= J. H. |authorlink= J. H. Parry |title= The Discovery of South America |publisher=Taplinger |location= Novi Eboraci |year= [[1979]] |isbn= }}. *{{Citation |last= Parry |first= J. H. |title= The Discovery of the Sea |publisher=University of California Press |location= Berkley |year= [[1981]] |isbn= 978-0520042360 }}. *{{Citation |last= Parry |first= J. H. |title= The Spanish Seaborne Empire |publisher=Knopf |location= Novi Eboraci |year= 1970 |isbn= 978-0520071407 }}. *{{Citation |last= Pérez-Mallaína |first= Pablo E. |others= trans. Carla Rahn Phillips |title= Spain's Men of the Sea: Daily Life on the Indies Fleets in the Sixteenth Century |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |location= Baltimore |year= 1998 |isbn= 9780801857461 |laysummary= http://www.marcusrediker.com/reviews/Perez_review.htm }}. *{{Citation |last= Roditi |first= Edouard |title= Magellan of the Pacific |publisher=Faber & Faber |location=Londinii |year= 1972 |isbn= 0571089453 }}. *{{Citation |last= Schurz |first=William L. |year=1922 |month=May |title= The Spanish Lake|journal=Hispanic American Historical Review |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=181–194 |id= |quote= |doi= 10.2307/2506024 |publisher=Duke University Press |postscript= . |jstor= 2506024 }}. *{{Citation |last= Thatcher |first=Oliver J. ed. |title=The Library of Original Sources |chapter= Vol. V: 9th to 16th Centuries |publisher=University Research Extension Co |year= 1907 |isbn= |pages= 41–57 |url= http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1519magellan.html |accessdate=8 April 2009 }}. *{{Citation |last= Wilford |first= John Noble |authorlink= John Noble Wilford |title= The Mapmakers |publisher=Knopf |location=Novi Eboraci |year= 2000 |isbn= 0375708502 |laysummary= http://www.cosmopolis.ch/english/cosmo33/history_cartography_mapmakers.htm }}. *{{Citation |last= Zweig |first= Stephanus |authorlink=Stephanus Zweig |title=Conqueror of the Seas: The Story of Magellan |publisher=Read Books|year= 2007 |isbn=1406760064 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=tLoWg9mMh04C&lpg=PA37&dq=cannanore%201506&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q=cannanore%201506 }}. (1K) {{Anni vitae|1480|1521|Magellanus, Ferdinandus}} <!-- Military personnel killed in action People of Spanish colonial Philippines Portuguese Roman Catholics Deaths by blade weapons People from Vila Real District--> [[Categoria:Circumnavigatores]] [[Categoria:Exploratores Americae Australis]] [[Categoria:Exploratores Oceani Pacifici]] [[Categoria:Exploratores Portugallenses]] [[Categoria:Historia maritima Portugalliae]] [[Categoria:Incolae Portugalliae]] [[Categoria:Nautae]] [[Categoria:Necati]] [[Categoria:Philippinae]] {{1000 paginae}} {{Myrias|Homines}} tr3bxhdu2wer04murl7ae6blbcuya6i 0 4345 3971864 3964295 2026-07-13T18:32:40Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3971864 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Scientia dubia}} {{Pagina polienda|Nonnulla nomina videntur esse ficticia, atque Vicipaedia Theodisca hic adhibita est fons; vide [[Vicipaedia:Noli fingere]].}} [[Fasciculus:Deutschland Flussgebietseinheiten.png|thumb|right|Praecipuorum [[Germania|Germanicorum]] fluminum graviores naves perferentium diagramma ([[Theodisce]]).]] [[Fasciculus:Rheinbrücke Konstanz bei Föhn.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Pons super [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] [[Constantia (Germania)|Constantiae]].]] [[Fasciculus:Elbe Bad Schandau.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|right|Oppidum [[Bad Schandau]] iuxta [[Albis|Albim]].]] [[Fasciculus:Aerials Deggendorf 16.06.2006.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|right|Oppidum Deggendorfium<ref name="Deggendorfium">Vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB10372085?p=485&cq=Candidus,%20Pantaleon&lang=de ''Chronica Bavaricae Capucinorum Provinciae : in brevem summam collecta a religionis institutione usque ad eius resuscitationem''], ubi dicitur "(...) P. Ludovicus Sedlmair Deggendorfensis confessarius semper ei propre esse debuit (...) Testes erant Monachium, Straubinga, Deggendorfium, Bulsanum (...)".</ref> iuxta [[Danuvius|Danuvium]].]] [[Fluvius|Fluvii]] [[Germania]]e se in [[Mare Balticum]], [[Pontus Euxinus|Pontum Euxinum]], et [[Mare Germanicum]] effundunt. Praecipua sunt: * cum [[Ostium fluminis|ostio]] in [[Mare Balticum]], [[Viadrus]]; * cum ostio in [[Pontus Euxinus|Pontum Euxinum]], [[Danuvius]], cum suis praecipuis [[amnis influens|amnibus influentibus]] [[Aenus|Aeno]], [[Isara|Isarā]], et [[Licus|Lico]]; * cum ostio in [[Mare Germanicum]], [[Rhenus]], cum suis praecipuis amnibus influentibus [[Mosella|Mosellā]], [[Moenus|Moeno]] et [[Nicer|Nicro]]; [[Visurgis]]; et [[Albis]], cum suis praecipuis amnibus influentibus [[Habala|Habalā]] et [[Sala (flumen)|Salā]]. ==Secundum longitudinem== Insequentes indices fluvios Germaniae ordinant secundum totam eorum longitudinem (e fonte in ostium), quamquam eorum longitudo intra Germaniae fines minor sit. ===Flumina 200 chiliometra aut amplius longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina 200 chiliometra aut amplius longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | Danuvius<ref>Vide articulum "Danuvius" apud Vicipaediam Anglicam, ubi dicitur "Danube -river in Europe; '''Danuvius'' in Latin".</ref> seu Ister<ref name="Hofmann"/> seu Hister<ref>[[Ovidius]], ''Epistulae ex Ponto'' 1.8.11: "urbs ripae vicina binominis Histri".</ref> | ''Donau'' | align="right" | 2850 | [[Pontus Euxinus]] | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | | ''Rhein'' | align="right" | 1233 | [[Mare Germanicum]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | Alba<ref name=Gr/> seu Albea<ref name=Gr/> seu Albia<ref name=Gr/> seu Albius<ref name=Gr/> seu Alpia<ref name=Gr/> seu Alvea<ref name=Gr/> seu Heilba<ref name=Gr/> seu Helbia<ref name=Gr/> seu Herlba<ref name=Gr/> | ''Elbe'' | align="right" | 1094 | [[Mare Germanicum]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Viadrus]]<ref name=Gr/> | Viadus<ref name=Gr/> seu Odora<ref name=Gr/> seu Oder<ref name=Gr/> seu Odagra<ref name=Gr/> seu Odara<ref name=Gr/> seu Odra<ref name=Gr/> seu Odrita<ref name=Gr/> seu Adora<ref name=Gr/> seu Suevus Flavius<ref name=Gr/> seu Oddera<ref name="Elektroniczny słownik hydronimów Polski">[https://eshp.ijp.pan.pl/search/results/226313 Elektroniczny słownik hydronimów Polski] (Polonice), ubi dicitur "Oddere, Odere, Oddera, Oddore 992 RudnickiNO 21-3".</ref> seu Oddere<ref name="Elektroniczny słownik hydronimów Polski"/> seu Oddore<ref name="Elektroniczny słownik hydronimów Polski"/> seu Oddere<ref name="Elektroniczny słownik hydronimów Polski"/> | ''Oder'' | align="right" | 854 | [[Mare Balticum]] | [[Viadrus]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosella]]<ref name=Gr/> | Musella<ref name=Gr/> seu Mosula<ref name=Gr/> seu Musla<ref name=Gr/> | ''Mosel'' | align="right" | 544 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | Mogonus<ref name=Gr/> seu Manus<ref name=Gr/> seu Moius<ref name=Gr/> seu Mogus<ref name=Gr/> seu Moino<ref name=Gr/> | ''Main'' | align="right" | 524 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Aenus (flumen)|Aenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | Enus<ref name=Gr/> seu Oenus<ref name=Gr/> seu Inus<ref name=Gr/> seu Hinus<ref name=Gr/> seu Innus<ref name=Gr/> | ''Inn'' | align="right" | 517 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | Wesera seu Wisara seu Wisuraha<ref name=Gr/> seu Wisora<ref name=Gr/> seu Wisura<ref name=Gr/> seu Visera<ref name=Gr/> seu Visara<ref name=Gr/> seu Wissula<ref name=Gr/> seu Wirraha<ref name=Gr/> | ''Weser'' | align="right" | 451 | [[Mare Germanicum]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Saale'' | align="right" | 413 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | Neccarus<ref name="Hofmann"/><ref name=Gr/> seu Nechara<ref name=Gr/> seu Nectara<ref name=Gr/> seu Necorus<ref name=Gr/> | ''Neckar'' | align="right" | 384 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Spreha]]<ref name=Gr/> | Sprea<ref>{{Mundt}}</ref> seu Spreve<ref name=Gr/> seu Sprewe <ref name=Gr/> seu Sprewa<ref name="Tractatus de duabus...">[https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Tractatus_de_duabus_Sarmatiis_Europiana_et_Asiana_et_de_contentis_in_eis Tractatus de duabus Sarmatiis Europiana et Asiana et de contentis in eis], ubi dicitur "(...) penes fluvium Sueuum Teutonice Spre seu Sprewa dictum, (...)".</ref> seu Spre<ref name="Tractatus de duabus..."/> seu Suevus<ref>"Suevus", "... ad Suevum" etc. {{Google Books|KRg_AAAAcAAJ|p. 578 et passim}}</ref><ref name="Tractatus de duabus..."/> | ''Spree'' | align="right" | 382 | [[Habala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> | Emisa<ref name="Emisa">[http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Periods/Roman/_Texts/Ptolemy/2/10/Mueller*.html Karl Müller's Apparatus and Notes to Ptolemy, Book II, Chapter 10: Germania Magna], ubi dicitur "(...) Amisis vel Amissis codd. Plinii 4, 100; Ἀμασίας Strabo 7, 1, 3; germanice olim Emisa fl. et Emisgow regio, nunc Ems fl. (...)".</ref> seu Amissis<ref name="Emisa"/> seu Amisis<ref name="Emisa"/> seu Amisus<ref name=Gr/> seu Amasis<ref name=Gr/> seu Amasius<ref name=Gr/> seu Emesa<ref name=Gr/> seu Amera<ref name=Gr/> | ''Ems'' | align="right" | 371 | [[Sinus Dollarius]]<ref>[https://books.google.es/books?id=O6deAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA675&lpg=PA675&dq=%22dollert%22+sinus&source=bl&ots=gvKfvPBBEJ&sig=ACfU3U1HLVN-1obH4z02czxdQrkKEeQdtA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjf-M714PSGAxWJVPEDHeCwAEcQ6AF6BAgfEAM#v=onepage&q=%22dollert%22%20sinus&f=false Allgemeinnütziges Geschicht- und Staaten-Wörterbuch], ubi dicitur "Dollart, Dollert, Sinus Dollarius vel Emdanus (...)".</ref> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Habala]]<ref name=Gr/> | Habola<ref name=Gr/> seu Havila<ref name=Gr/> seu Labola<ref name=Gr/> seu Albola<ref name=Gr/> | ''Havel'' | align="right" | 325 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Weraha|Weraha Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | Werra<ref name=Gr/> seu Wirra<ref name=Gr/> seu Wirraha<ref name=Gr/> seu Vagarna<ref name=Gr/> seu Vierra<ref name=Gr/> | ''Werra'' | align="right" | 298 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Isara (Bavaricus)|Isara]]<ref name=Gr/> | Isura<ref name=Gr/> seu Isarus<ref name=Gr/> seu Ysera<ref name=Gr/> | ''Isar'' | align="right" | 292 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Agara]]<ref name=Gr/> | Agira<ref name=Gr/> seu Agra<ref name=Gr/> seu Egra<ref name=Gr/> seu Oegra<ref name=Gr/> seu Ogra<ref name=Gr/> seu Agria<ref name=Gr/> | ''Eger'' | align="right" | 291 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Layna]]<ref name=Gr/> | Leinus<ref name=Gr/> seu Lynius<ref name=Gr/> seu Lagina<ref name=Gr/> | ''Leine'' | align="right" | 281 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller">Vide articulum [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aller_(Germany) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Anglicam], ubi dicitur "The river's name, which was recorded in 781 as ''Alera'', in 803 as ''Elera'', in 1096 as ''Alara'' (...)".</ref> | Alera<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> seu Elera<ref name="Aller"/> seu Aelara<ref name=Gr/> seu Alra<ref name=Gr/> | ''Aller'' | align="right" | 263 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Alestra]]<ref name="Alestra">Documentum 68, in: Carolus H. Lampe (Ed.): Urkundenbuch der Deutschordensballei Thüringen, 1. Bd., p. 68.</ref> | Elstera<ref>[https://archive.is/20121129132241/bv-moeckernwahren.de/via/Viadukt_25.pdf DIE BÜRGERZEITUNG FÜR MÖCKERN UND WAHRENDIE WEISSE ELSTER - ein vergessener Fluß?]</ref><ref>{{Graesse}}</ref> seu Elstera Albus<ref>[http://books.google.de/books?id=9ZHWEx8N9OUC&pg=RA1-PA44&lpg=RA1-PA44&dq=Elstera+alba&source=bl&ots=4VyINmTTBp&sig=PywVNQzENKElHEKmuCw_rgrRjks&hl=de&sa=X&ei=0VZnT7jFEMeH4gSTxdCLCA&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&q=Elstera%20alba&f=false Lexicon manuale, geographiam antiquam et mediam cum latine tum germanice ... von Johann Wilhelm Ferdinand Müller]</ref> | ''Weiße Elster'' | align="right" | 257 | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Lupia]]<ref name=Gr/> | Lippia<ref name=Gr/> seu Lippa<ref name=Gr/> seu Libia<ref name=Gr/> seu Luppia<ref name=Gr/> seu Lyppia<ref name=Gr/> | ''Lippe'' | align="right" | 255 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Nissa (flumen)|Nissa]]<ref name=Gr/> | Nysa<ref name=Gr/> seu Nyza<ref name=Gr/> seu Nycza<ref name=Gr/> seu Nysensis<ref name=Gr/> | ''Neiße'' | align="right" | 254 | [[Viadrus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Viadrus]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Licus]]<ref name=Gr/> | Lica<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=V-oKH5yTvyAC&pg=PA82-IA1&lpg=PA82-IA1&dq=Lica+Lech&source=bl&ots=k2mj676gV4&sig=_V0jmBjlhnU4yI5oMRn5LnrsmlA&hl=en&ei=WnlITbiBCYjHswaGvJCCAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CBcQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Lica%20Lech&f=false Poesies: Llibres I i II By Venantius Honorius Clementianus Fortunatus]</ref> seu Lichus<ref name=Gr/> seu Lecha<ref name=Gr/> seu Licoas<ref name=Gr/> seu Lycus<ref name=Gr/> seu Lechus<ref name=Gr/> seu Lemannus<ref name=Gr/> seu Lemannius<ref name=Gr/> seu Lehhae<ref name=Gr/> | ''Lech'' | align="right" | 248 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Saravus]]<ref name=Gr/> | Sarra<ref name=Gr/> seu Sara<ref name=Gr/> seu Sangona<ref name=Gr/> seu Saora<ref name=Gr/> seu Saroa<ref name=Gr/> | ''Saar'' | align="right" | 246 | [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosella]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray">{{Murray}}</ref> | Loganus<ref>[http://www.dilibri.de/rlb/content/thumbview/63151 ''37 - (46) - Lahnstenium (ubi Loganum Rhenus suscipit) Confluentia venienti || Lhaanstein, komende van Koblenz - +â+ôbersicht - Landesbibliothekszentrum Rheinland-Pfalz'' apud www.dilibri.de] "Lahnstenium ubi Loganum Rhenus suscipit."</ref> seu Lahna<ref>[http://www.archive.org/stream/a568395900unknuoft/a568395900unknuoft_djvu.txt ''Full text of "Further correspondence respecting the relations existing between foreign governments and the court of Rome : (in continuation of papers presented to the Parliament, March 27, 1851)"'' apud www.archive.org] "[[Limburgum ad Lahnam]]"</ref> seu Lagana<ref name=Gr/> seu Logana<ref name=Gr/> seu Lona<ref name=Gr/> seu Lanus<ref name=Gr/> seu Lana<ref name=Gr/> seu Lahana<ref name=Gr/> | ''Lahn'' | align="right" | 242 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Alcmana]]<ref name=Gr/> | Alcmon<ref name=Gr/> seu Alcmona<ref name=Gr/> seu Alcmonia<ref name=Gr/> seu Alamona<ref name=Gr/> seu Alemo<ref name=Gr/> seu Alemannus<ref name=Gr/> seu Almuna<ref name=Gr/> seu Almonus<ref name=Gr/> | ''Altmühl'' | align="right" | 227 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Salzaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | Salsa<ref name=Gr/> seu Ivarus<ref name=Gr/> seu Iuvarus<ref name=Gr/> | ''Salzach'' | align="right" | 225 | [[Aenus (flumen)|Aenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | Fulda<ref name=Gr/> seu Vultaha<ref name=Gr/> seu Wulda<ref name=Gr/> | ''Fulda'' | align="right" | 218 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Rura]]<ref name=Gr/> | Rurinna<ref name=Gr/> | ''Ruhr'' | align="right" | 217 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Elda (flumen)|Elda]]<ref>Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elde#Flussnamen articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die erste schriftliche Erwähnung fand 786 als ''in Eldam'' statt" (...).</ref> | | ''Elde'' | align="right" | 208 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |} ===Flumina inter 199 et 100 chiliometra longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina inter 199 et 100 chiliometra longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Onestrudis]]<ref name="Onestrudis">Vide articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Anglicam, ubi dicitur "n 575, the river was attested as the ''Onestrudis'', in the 7th century it was referred to as the ''Unestrude'', and in 994 as the ''Vnstruod''".</ref> | Unstroda<ref name=Gr/> seu Unstrada<ref name=Gr/> seu Unstraha<ref name=Gr/> seu Unstravia<ref name=Gr/> seu Unstrota<ref name=Gr/> seu Unestrude<ref name="Onestrudis"/> seu Unstruod<ref name="Onestrudis"/> | ''Unstrut'' | align="right" | 192 | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | | ''Jagst'' | align="right" | 190 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hunta]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | | ''Hunte'' | align="right" | 189 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Egdor]]<ref name="Egdor">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eider hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Eider (lateinisch Egdor (...) Der Name der Eider leitet sich mit einer gewissen Wahrscheinlichkeit von ''Egidor'' (Fluttor, Schreckenstor) ab und spielt auf den germanischen Meerriesen Ægir an, der für Fluten und damit verbundene Schrecken verantwortlich gemacht wurde. Die nach Volker Schmidt erste lateinische Erwähnung als ''Flumen Egidora'' legt diese Annahme nahe. Weitere Namen der Eider wie ''Egidorae fluminis'' (9. Jh. Reichsannalen), ''fluminis Eydori'' (12. Jh. Saxo Grammaticus), ''Eidera'' (1148 Urkunde Heinrich des Löwen) und ''Eydaer'' (1235 im Erdbuch König Waldemars II.) geben Aufschluss über die Herleitung zum heutigen Namen. ".</ref> | Eidora<ref name="Egdor"/> seu Egidor<ref name="Egdor"/> seu Eydorus<ref name="Egdor"/> seu Egidona<ref name="Hofmann"/> seu Eidera<ref name="Hofmann"/><ref name="Egdor"/> seu Eydaer<ref name="Egdor"/> | ''Eider'' | align="right" | 188 | [[Mare Germanicum]] | [[Egdor]]<ref name="Egdor"/> |- | [[Ambra (flumen)|Ambra]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Amper'' seu ''Ammer'' | align="right" | 185 | [[Isara (Bavaricus)|Isara]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Elstra nigra|Elstra Nigra]]<ref name="Elstra Nigra">[http://books.google.de/books?id=uMPJ7iscKDoC&pg=PA93&lpg=PA93&dq=Alstera+Elster&source=bl&ots=O6jtjv6YLV&sig=zdBuo9mf6Qv4E__kzibsux-uQn0&hl=de&sa=X&ei=P1NnT-HHJYnOswa108jiBQ&ved=0CCAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Alstera%20Elster&f=false Ortsnamenbuch des Mittelelbegebietes von Inge Bily]</ref> | Elstera Niger<ref>[http://books.google.de/books?id=9ZHWEx8N9OUC&pg=RA1-PA44&lpg=RA1-PA44&dq=Elstera+alba&source=bl&ots=4VyINmTTBp&sig=PywVNQzENKElHEKmuCw_rgrRjks&hl=de&sa=X&ei=0VZnT7jFEMeH4gSTxdCLCA&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&q=Elstera%20alba&f=false Lexicon manuale, geographiam antiquam et mediam cum latine tum germanice ... von Johann Wilhelm Ferdinand Müller]</ref> seu Altsra<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Schwarze Elster'' | align="right" | 179 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Adrana]]<ref name="Adrana">[https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Ab_excessu_divi_Augusti_(Annales)/Liber_I#LVI Taciti ''Ab excessū dovo Augusti/Liber I, caput LVI] ubi dicitur "(...) iuventus flumen Adranam nando tramiserat (...)".</ref> | Adarna<ref name=Gr/> seu Aderna<ref name=Gr/> seu Ederna<ref name=Gr/> seu Ethrina<ref name=Gr/> seu Adrina<ref>Sperber, Rüdiger (1996). "Die Nebenflüsse von Werra und Fulda bis zum Zusammenfluß". ''Hydronymia Germaniae''. Reihe A, Lief. 5. Steiner, Wiesbaden. ISBN 978-3515006453.</ref> | ''Eder'' | align="right" | 177 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Sura (Mosella)|Sura Mosellae]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Sauer'' | align="right" | 173 | [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosella]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hassa]]<ref name="Hassa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hase_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Im Jahr 763 wird der Fluss erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (secus fluvium Hassa) (...)".</ref> | Hasa<ref name=Gr/> seu Asa<ref name=Gr/> seu Assa<ref name=Gr/> | ''Hase'' | align="right" | 170 | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Boda]]<ref name=Gr/> | Bada<ref name=Gr/> seu Botum<ref name=Gr/> seu Buda<ref name=Gr/> | ''Bode'' | align="right" | 169 | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Regana]]<ref name="Regana">Vide articulum [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regen_(river)#Etymology hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Anglicam], ubi dicitur " The Romans called the river variously ''Regana'' (feminine gender), ''Reganus'' (masculine), and ''Reganum'' (neuter)".</ref> | Reganus<ref name="Regana"/> seu Reganum<ref name="Regana"/> | ''Regen'' | align="right" | 169 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Cochera]]<ref name="Cochera">[https://books.google.es/books?id=bHVBAAAAcAAJ&pg=RA3-PA63&lpg=RA3-PA63&dq=cochera+fluvius+Kocher&source=bl&ots=9heufonibr&sig=ACfU3U1qKFXUcAKG4YdC_4Y2JchLVTDjZw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi359OEkvWGAxVfbvEDHcChAggQ6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&q=cochera%20fluvius%20Kocher&f=false Mercurius Gallobelgicus M. Gothardo Arthusio succenturiatus], ubi dicitur "ibique in Cochera (...) fluvius Kocher".</ref> | Cochara<ref name=Gr/> seu Kocher<ref name="Cochera"/> | ''Kocher'' | align="right" | 168 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Seyna Minor]]<ref name="Sayn">Fingitur hoc nomen ex vocibus "Seyna" aut "Zeina", quae apparent in {{Graesse}} referentes ad oppidulum Germanicum Theodisce nuncupatum "Sayn", cuius nomen e flumine homonymo derivatur, etiam nuncupato Theodisce ''Saynbach'', quod vicissim dat nomen alio flumini ''Kleiner Saynbach''</ref> | Zeina Minor<ref name="Sayn"/> | ''Kleiner Saynbach'' | align="right" | 167 | [[Seyna (flumen)|Seyna]]<ref name="Sayn"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Vidrus]]<ref name=Gr/> | Vaconna<ref name=Gr/> seu Vechta<ref name=Gr/> seu Vedrus<ref name=Gr/> | ''Vechte'' | align="right" | 167 | [[Aqua Nigra (flumen)|Aqua Nigra]]<ref>[https://www.google.es/books/edition/Nederlandse_waternamen/HIEdAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=%22Zwarte+Water%22+%22aqua+nigra%22&dq=%22Zwarte+Water%22+%22aqua+nigra%22&printsec=frontcover Mauritii Schönfeld ''Nederlandse waternamen''], ubi dicitur "Wijdverbreid is ''Zwarte Water'' = lt. ''Aqua nigra'', engels ''Blackwater'' (...)".</ref> | [[Lacus Yssel]] |- | [[Mulda Zviccaviensis]]<ref name="MZ">Omnia haec nomina finguntur e nominibus Latinis quae {{Graesse}} dat flumini Theodisce ''Mulde'' nuncupato et e adiectivo "Zviccaviensis-e", in libro "Codex Statutorum Zviccaviensium" apparenti et referenti ad urbem [[Cygnea]]m.</ref> | Milda Zviccaviensis<ref name="MZ"/> seu Milla Zviccaviensis<ref name="MZ"/> seu Mulda Zviccaviensis<ref name="MZ"/> seu Mylda Zviccaviensis<ref name="MZ"/> seu Mlidava Zviccaviensis<ref name="MZ"/> | ''Zwickauer Mulde'' | align="right" | 166 | [[Mulda]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Naba]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Naba">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naab#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die frühesten Belege sind ''Nabas'' (700), ''Napa'' (885), ''Naba'' (885), ''Nabe'' (1199) und ''Nab'' (1245), (...)".</ref> | Nabas<ref name="Naba"/> seu Napa<ref name="Naba"/> seu Nabe<ref name="Naba"/> seu Nab<ref name="Naba"/> | ''Naab'' | align="right" | 165 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Rura (Eiflensis)|Rura Eiflensis]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Rur'' | align="right" | 164 | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Schleichgraben]] | | ''Schleichgraben'' | align="right" | 155 | [[Elstra nigra|Elstra Nigra]]<ref name="Elstra Nigra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Sega]]<ref name=Gr/> | Segaha<ref name=Gr/> seu Siga<ref name=Gr/> | ''Sieg'' | align="right" | 155 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Osta (flumen)|Osta]]<ref name=Gr/> | Hosta<ref name=Gr/> | ''Oste'' | align="right" | 153 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Wertaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | Werdaha<ref name=Gr/> seu Virdo<ref name=Gr/> seu Vinda<ref name=Gr/> seu Vindex<ref name=Gr/> | ''Wertach'' | align="right" | 150 | [[Licus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Hilaria (flumen)|Hilaria]]<ref name="Hilaria">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iller hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Ihr lateinischer Name war '''Hilaria''' oder auch ''Hilara'' (...)".</ref> | Hilara<ref name="Hilaria"/><ref name=Gr/> seu Ilara<ref name=Gr/> seu Ilaris<ref name=Gr/> seu Hylarus<ref name=Gr/> seu Ylarus<ref name=Gr/> seu Ilargus<ref name=Gr/> | ''Iller'' | align="right" | 147 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Mulda|Mulda Albis]]<ref name=Gr/> | Milda<ref name=Gr/> seu Milla<ref name=Gr/> seu Mylda<ref name=Gr/> seu Mlidava<ref name=Gr/> | ''Mulde'' | align="right" | 147 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Penus]]<ref name=Gr/> | Pena<ref name=Gr/> seu Penes<ref name=Gr/> seu Pana<ref name=Gr/> seu Penis<ref name=Gr/> seu Peanis<ref name=Gr/> | ''Peene'' | align="right" | 136 | [[Lutense]]<ref name="Lutense">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutense" Lutense"] apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam.</ref> | [[Penus]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Ilmena]]<ref name=Gr/> | Ilma<ref name=Gr/> | ''Ilm'' | align="right" | 134 | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Parra (flumen)|Parra]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | | ''Paar'' | align="right" | 134 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Rhinus]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | | ''Rhin'' | align="right" | 133 | [[Habala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Werenza]]<ref name=Gr/> | Warinza<ref name=Gr/> seu Werna<ref name=Gr/> | ''Wörnitz'' | align="right" | 132 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Tuberus]]<ref name=Gr/> | Tubaris<ref name=Gr/> seu Tubara<ref name=Gr/> | ''Tauber'' | align="right" | 131 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Varnova]]<ref name="Hofmeister II 1891">Hofmeister, A. (1891). ''Die Matrikel der Universität Rostock: Vol. 2''. (Mich. 1499 - Ost. 1611). Stiller'sche Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> | [[Warnou]]<ref name="Warnou">Vide [https://www.fs-warnemuende.de/ www.fs-warnemuende], ubi dicitur "(...) Das Gewässer, das nördlich von Parchim entspringt, ist erstmals 1160 als Warnou flumen und 1186 als aqua Warnow urkundlich erwähnt (...).</ref>, Warnow<ref name="Warnou"/> | ''Warnow'' | align="right" | 130 | [[Mare Balticum]] | [[Chalusus]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Lena (Rura)|Lena]]<ref name="Lena">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenne_(Ruhr)#Namehoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Der Fluss wird im 13. Jh. erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (supra oder super Lenam)".</ref> | | ''Lenne'' | align="right" | 129 | [[Rura]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Kila]]<ref name=Gr/> | Kylia<ref name=Gr/> seu Belgis<ref name=Gr/> | ''Kyll'' | align="right" | 128 | [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosella]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Schapa (flumen)|Schapa]]<ref name="Schapa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zschopau#Geschichte de homonymā urbe apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) 1286 erfolgte die erste urkundliche Erwähnung als „Schapa“, 1292 die Bezeichnung Zschopaus als civitas (...)".</ref> | | ''Zschopau'' | align="right" | 128 | [[Mulda]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Lapara Wissingensis]]<ref name="Lapara">Secundum [https://books.google.es/books?id=i-_gDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA21&lpg=PA21&dq=%22Kleine+Laber+%22+flumen&source=bl&ots=sJegxM7pNX&sig=ACfU3U3SJzaPgZCEumBJptUz_l_4myXnmg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj-4uiTsraHAxW_Q_EDHcZbBxYQ6AF6BAgOEAM#v=onepage&q=%22Kleine%20Laber%20%22%20flumen&f=false ''Historischer Atlas von Bayern''], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Große und die Kleine Laber sind um 790 als "Lapara" belegt (...)", nomen Latinum "Lapara" ad flumina Theodisce ''Große Laber'' et ''Kleine Laber'' nuncupata refert. Ergo, adhibitur adiectivum "parva" seu "magna" seu "alba" seu "Wissingensis" seu "Breitenbrunnensis" historico nomini Latino ut distinguantur haec flumina.</ref> | | ''Wissinger Laber'' | align="right" | 127 | [[Lapara Breitenbrunnensis]]<ref name="Lapara"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898">Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Erläuterungen zum geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz: Zweiter Band. Die Karte von 1789''. Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt.</ref> | Naha<ref name=Gr/> | ''Nahe'' | align="right" | 125 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sala (Moenus)|Sala in pago Salvense]]<ref name="Sala in pago">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A4nkische_Saale#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Erstmals erwähnt wurde die Fränkische Saale im Jahr 716 als super fluvio Sala in pago Salvense (am Fluss Sala im Saalgau). Im Jahr 777 schrieb man in einem Fuldaer Urkundenbuch: in pago Salecgauio super fluvio Sala (...)".</ref> | | ''Fränkische Saale'' | align="right" | 125 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Mulda Fribergensis]]<ref name="MF">Omnia haec nomina finguntur e nominibus Latinis quae {{Graesse}} dat flumini Theodisce ''Mulde'' nuncupato et e adiectivo "Fribergensis-e", referenti ad urbem [[Friberga]]m.</ref> | Milda Fribergensis<ref name="MF"/> seu Milla Fribergensis<ref name="MF"/> seu Mylda Fribergensis<ref name="MF"/> seu Mlidava Fribergensis<ref name="MF"/> | ''Freiberger Mulde'' | align="right" | 124 | [[Mulda]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Wemma]]<ref name=Gr/> | Wimma<ref name=Gr/> | ''Wümme'' | align="right" | 121 | [[Lesmonia]]<ref name="Lesum">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesum#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Der Fluss wurde im Jahr 1331 als ''ultra Lesmoniam'' erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Nersa]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Niers'' | align="right" | 118 | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Bercla]]<ref name="Bercla">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkel#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Der Fluss tritt 1322 erstmals urkundlich in Erscheinung (''bercla'') (...)".</ref> | | ''Berkel'' | align="right" | 115 | [[Isala]]<ref name="Isala">Vide articulum [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IJssel hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Anglicam], ubi dicitur "(...) The Romans knew the river as '''Isala''' (...)".</ref> | [[Isala]]<ref name="Isala"/> |- | [[Wippera]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Wupper'' | align="right" | 115 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Liubasa]]<ref name="Liubasa">Vide articulum [https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loisach#%C3%89tymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Francicam], ubi dicitur "(...) Les formes antérieures de noms sont Liubasa (1003), Lyubasa (environ 1052), Liubisaha (1148-1155), Livbisaha (12e siècle), Liubsaha (1258), Leusach (1332), Leusach (1348) (...)".</ref> | Lyubasa<ref name="Liubasa"/><ref name=Gr/> seu Liubisaha<ref name="Liubasa"/><ref name=Gr/> seu Liubsaha<ref name="Liubasa"/> seu Leusach<ref name="Liubasa"/> seu Loysa<ref name=Gr/> | ''Loisach'' | align="right" | 114 | [[Isara (Bavaricus)|Isara]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Nida (flumen)|Nida Saravi]]<ref name="Nida">Vide articulum [https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nied#Hydronymie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Francicam], ubi dicitur "Dénommé ''Nida'' dans les inscriptions romaines (...) Anciennes mentions: Neda (1121), Nidden (1200), Nithen (1364) (...)".</ref> | Neda<ref name="Nida"/> seu Nidden<ref name="Nida"/> seu Nithen<ref name="Nida"/> seu Nita Germanica<ref name="Hofmann"/> | ''Nied'' | align="right" | 114 | [[Saravus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Trabena]]<ref name=Gr/> | Travea<ref name=Gr/> seu Travenna<ref name=Gr/> seu Travena<ref name=Gr/> seu Chalusus<ref name=Gr/> | ''Trave'' | align="right" | 114 | [[Mare Balticum]] | [[Trabena]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Pagantia]]<ref name=Gr/> | Pegnesus<ref name=Gr/> | ''Pegnitz'' | align="right" | 113 | [[Radiantia]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Peschsiefen]] | | ''Peschsiefen'' | align="right" | 113 | [[Ankerbacum (Rhenus)|Ankerbacum]]<ref name="-bacum">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-bach'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-bacum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Forbacum]], [[Gengenbacum]], [[Lambacum]], [[Muorbacum]], [[Orbacum]], [[Rohrbacum]], [[Rosbacum]], [[Rubeacum]], [[Solisbacum]], [[Swabacum]], [[Abacum (Germania)|Abacum]], [[Brubacum]], [[Corbacum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Enze]]<ref name="Enze">Vide [https://ia601601.us.archive.org/23/items/bub_gb_G-4IAAAAQAAJ/bub_gb_G-4IAAAAQAAJ.pdf ''Beiträge zur gallo-keltisch... Namenkunde''], ubi dicitur "(...) die ''Enz'' (in den Neckar), c. 1150 Enze fluvius (d i. *Antia) (...)".</ref> | | ''Enz'' | align="right" | 112 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Dimel]]<ref name="Dimel">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diemel#Etymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "In historischen Quellen wird die Diemel ebenfalls als ''Dimel, Dymel, Dimella, Dimola, Timella'' (...)".</ref> | Dymel<ref name="Dimel"/> seu Dimella<ref name="Dimel"/> seu Dimola<ref name="Dimel"/> Timella<ref name="Dimel"/> | ''Diemel'' | align="right" | 111 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Rota (Aenus)|Rota Aeni]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Rott'' | align="right" | 111 | [[Aenus (flumen)|Aenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Ilmena (Albis)|Ilmena]]<ref name=Gr/> | Ilma<ref name=Gr/> | ''Ilmenau'' | align="right" | 109 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Vilisa|Vilisa Danubii]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Bavarikon"/> | Vilsa<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Bavarikon"/> seu Vilusa<ref name=Gr/> seu Quintanica<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> seu Filisa<ref name="Bavarikon"/> seu Filusa<ref name="Bavarikon"/> seu Filsa<ref name="Bavarikon"/> seu Philisa<ref name="Bavarikon"/> seu Vilosa<ref name="Bavarikon"/> seu Vilusa<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | ''Vils'' | align="right" | 109 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Sala (Salzaha)|Sala Danubii]]<ref name="Saalach">Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA455&lpg=PA455&dq=Saalach+%22flumen%22&source=bl&ots=ujlRsntsPa&sig=ACfU3U0SU_fvCyOKvGtwJZrcYzb3TFBxYg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiP45KImveGAxX9RP4FHTzeBMoQ6AF6BAgmEAM#v=onepage&q=Saalach%20%22flumen%22&f=false Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch], ubi dicitur "''''Saalach''', '''die''' (...) ''iuxta fluvium Sala, iuxta fluvio Sala (...)".</ref> | | ''Saalach'' | align="right" | 106 | [[Salzaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Redera]]<ref name="Riedel 1863">Riedel, A. F., auctore (1863). ''Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis''. Berolini: F.H. Morin.</ref> | | ''Große Röder'' | align="right" | 105 | [[Elstra nigra|Elstra Nigra]]<ref name="Elstra Nigra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Ovacra]]<ref name="Ovacra">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oker hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Sie wurde 747 das erste Mal als Ovacra in Zusammenhang mit dem Okerübergang in Ohrum erwähnt, (...)".</ref><ref>[https://www.dmgh.de/mgh_ss_rer_germ_6/index.htm#page/7/mode/1up Annales regni Francorum (MGH SS rer. Germ. 6)], ubi dicitur "(...) super fluvium Ovacra in loco, qui dicitur Orheim, (...)".</ref> | Obacro<ref>[https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Annales_regni_Francorum Annales regni Francorum (Vicifons)], ubi dicitur "(...) supra fluvium Obacro in loco, qui dicitur Orhaim".</ref> | ''Oker'' | align="right" | 105 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Arnefa]]<ref name="Arnefa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erft#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erstmals urkundlich erwähnt wurde die Erft im Jahre 496/506 vom Geographen von Ravenna als Arnefa. Sie hieß zunächst „Arnapa“, später „Arnefe“ und „Arlefe“. Schließlich fand man 1320 den Namen „Arfe“. Der Name ist eine Komposition aus dem Hydronym -apa und dem germanischen Wort *arna-/*arni- mit der Bedeutung 'sicher, energisch, tüchtig' (...)".</ref> | Arnapa<ref name="Arnefa"/> seu Arnefe<ref name="Arnefa"/> seu Arlefe<ref name="Arnefa"/> seu Arfe<ref name="Arnefa"/> seu [[Arphta]]<ref name="Lacomblet 1840">Lacomblet, T. J. (1840). ''Urkundenbuch für die Geschichte des Niederrheins oder des Erzstifts Cöln''. H. Voss.</ref> | ''Erft'' | align="right" | 103 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Misa (flumen Germanicum)|Misa]]<ref name="Misa">Vide articulum [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C5%BEe#Etymology hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Anglicam], ubi dicitur "(...) Originally, the entire stream including the Berounka was called Mže (Latin: ''Misa'', German: ''Mies'') and the name first appeared in the 12th century in Chronica Boemorum. The name was written as ''Mse'', ''Msa'' and ''Mzye'' (...)".</ref> | Mse<ref name="Misa"/> seu Msa<ref name="Misa"/> seu Mzye<ref name="Misa"/> | ''Mies'' | align="right" | 103 | [[Berounka]]<ref name="Berounka">Vide [https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/medias/4f/42/18/bd/4f4218bd-603a-4e29-9aa1-5794dcc5fcde/files/Cavan_Alt_02.pdf Asiento para un atlas corológico de la flora occidental, 25], ubi dicitur "in rivo Berounka haud procul a pago Zadní Trebáñ".</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Ora (Albis)|Ora Albis]]<ref name=Gr/> | Ara<ref name=Gr/> seu Oraha<ref name=Gr/> seu Hora<ref name=Gr/> | ''Ohre'' | align="right" | 103 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Ach (Blavius)|Ach Blavii]] | | ''Ach'' | align="right" | 102 | [[Blavius]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Vida]]<ref name="Schaltenbrand II 1923">Schaltenbrand, J. (Ed.) (1923). ''Registrum bonorum et redituum archidioecesis Coloniensis ex saeculo XIV'' (Vol. 2). Typis Academicis. </ref> | [[Wida (flumen)|Wida Rheni]]<ref name="Wida">Helmut Priewer, Mathias Priewer, Gerhard Hachenberg: Warum ist die Wied eine Witt? In: Heimat-Jahrbuch des Landkreises Neuwied 2011, ISBN 3-9809797-8-4, S. 232–235.</ref> seu Vidua<ref name="Stramberg V 1856">Stramberg, C. von. (1856). ''Das Rheinische Antiquarius: Mittelrhein, Der Rheingau'' (Vol. 5). R. F. Hergt.</ref> seu Weda<ref name="Stramberg V 1856">Stramberg, C. von. (1856). ''Das Rheinische Antiquarius: Mittelrhein, Der Rheingau'' (Vol. 5). R. F. Hergt.</ref> seu Vieda<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> | ''Wied'' | align="right" | 102 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ach Frewbergense]]<ref name="Frewberga">Adiectivo "Frewbergensis-e" vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Friedberger Ach'' | align="right" | 100 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Blesa (tributarius Saravi)|Blesa]]<ref name="Blesa">Hadrianus Vallesius, ''Notitia Galliarum ordine litterarum digesta'', [[Lutetia|Parisiis]], 1675, apud Fredericum Leonard, p. 89.</ref> | | ''Blies'' | align="right" | 100 | [[Saravus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Fuhse]] | | ''Fuhse'' | align="right" | 100 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Indistra]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref><ref name="Indistra">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innerste#Namensherkunft hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name Innerste (frühere Formen lauten auch Inste (1805) oder Inster(-Fluß) (1780[9] und 1742[10]), Inderste (1567), Indistria (1313), Entrista (1065) und Indrista (1013)), könnte auf die indogermanische Wurzel oid = schwellend, kräftig zurückgehen (...)".</ref> | Inderste<ref name="Indistra"/> seu Indistria<ref name="Indistra"/> seu Entrista<ref name="Indistra"/> | ''Innerste'' | align="right" | 100 | [[Layna]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |} ===Flumina inter 99 et 85 chiliometra longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina inter 99 et 75 chiliometra aut amplius longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Naba silvatica|Naba Silvatica]]<ref name="Naba silvatica">Fingitur hoc nomen e flumine Nabā (cui vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naab#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Die frühesten Belege sind ''Nabas'' (700), ''Napa'' (885), ''Naba'' (885), ''Nabe'' (1199) und ''Nab'' (1245), (...)") et versione adiectivo praeposito ''Wald-'' (cui vide [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Wald?wb=gross&nr=1 Navigium], ubi dicitur "'''silvāticus a um''' (''a/o-Deklination'') Wald-, zum Wald gehörig").</ref> | Nabas Silvatica<ref name="Naba silvatica"/> seu Napa Silvatica<ref name="Naba silvatica"/> seu Nabe Silvaticum<ref name="Naba silvatica"/> seu Nab Silvaticum<ref name="Naba silvatica"/> | ''Waldnaab'' | align="right" | 99 | [[Naba]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Naba"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Ukera]]<ref name="Ukera">Vide [https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110338591.551/html?lang=en degruyter.com], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Ucker, die''' (in Brandenburg)", '''Uecker''' (in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) (...) 1168 ''fluminis ucrensis,'' 1235 (Kopie) ''parte aque'' (...) ''ukera, trans ukeram,'' (...) ''prope ukram'' (...).</ref> | Ukara<ref name="Ukera"/> seu Ukra<ref name="Ukera"/> seu Flumen Ucrense<ref name="Ukera"/> seu Ucra<ref name="Bratring 1805">Bratring, F. W. A., auctore (1805). ''Statistisch-topographische Beschreibung der gesammten Mark Brandenburg''. Berolini: Friedrich Maurer.</ref> | ''Uecker'' | align="right" | 98 | [[Lacus maritimus Stettinensis]]<ref name="LMS">De hoc nomine, confer urbem [[Stettinum]].</ref> | [[Ukera]]<ref name="Ukera"/> |- | [[Alend]]<ref name="Alend">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milde-Biese-Aland#cite_ref-8 hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name wird 786 als Alend erstmals erwähnt und hat die Bedeutung 'aufwachsend' (...)".</ref> | | ''Aland'' seu ''Milde'' seu ''Biese'' seu ''Milde-Biese-Aland'' | align="right" | 97 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Sualmanaha]]<ref name="Sualmanaha">Vide [https://www.hna.de/lokales/schwalmstadt/schwalmstadt-ort68394/der-nebelfluss-und-seine-geschichte-90881979.html hna.de], ubi dicitur "(...) In der älteren Wissenschaft wird behauptet, im 8. und 9. Jahrhundert habe der Fluss „Sualmanaha“, „Suualmanaha“ und „Swalmanaha“ gelautet, was Dampfwasser oder Nebelfluss oder Nebelgewässer bedeutete (...)".</ref> | Suvalmanaha<ref name="Sualmanaha"/> seu Swalamanaha<ref name="Sualmanaha"/> | ''Schwalm'' | align="right" | 97 | [[Adrana]]<ref name="Adrana"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Oura (Sura)|Oura]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831">Binterim, A. J., & Mooren, J. H. (1831). ''Die alte und neue Erzdiözese Köln in ihrer ehemaligen Ausdehnung'' (Vol. 2). Moguntiaci: Kirchheim, Schott und Thielmann. </ref> | Ura<ref name="Beyer 1860">Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden Mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 1). Hölscher.</ref> | ''Our'' seu ''Ur'' | align="right" | 96 | [[Sura (Mosella)|Sura Mosellae]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Dame]]<ref name="Dame">Confer [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA86#v=snippet&q=1440&f=false Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch] de regione homonymā, ubi dicitur "(...) provincia, que Dame dicitur (...)".</ref> | | ''Dahme'' | align="right" | 95 | [[Spreha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Swarza]]<ref name="Swarza">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzach_(Naab) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Bereits 1250 wurde die „Swarza“ erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Schwarzach'' | align="right" | 95 | [[Naba]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Naba"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Wippera (Onestrudis)|Wippera]]<ref name="Wippera Onestrudis">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine Theodisce ''Wipper''. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Wipper'' | align="right" | 95 | [[Onestrudis]]<ref name="Onestrudis"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Doxa (flumen)|Doxa]]<ref name="Doxa">Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20241226123407/https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/id/5ca0240d-cb67-447b-838c-e448c1f84200/1003655.pdf Beiträge zur Geschichte der Besiedlung Nord- und Mitteldeutschlands mit Balkanslaven], ubi dicitur "(...) Das ausschlaggebende Grundwort bei den bereits erwähnten und noch zu erwähnenden Formen scheint der Name der ''Dosse'', ein es Nebenflusses der Havel in der Prignitz. zu sein . Die frühesten, im Grunde jedoch spät einsetzenden Belege dieses Hydronyms sind: 1172 ''iuxta...Doxam'' (Helmold 40); 1274 ''dossa''; 1284 ''infra dosam'' (...)".</ref> | Dossa<ref name="Doxa"/> seu Dosa<ref name="Doxa"/> | ''Dosse'' | align="right" | 94 | [[Habala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Chinzechun]]<ref name="Chinzechun">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinzig_(Rhein)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) 1099: ''ad Chinzechun; ad aliam Chinzichun''[6] 1128: ''flumen'' [Fluss] ''Kinzicha, flumen Kynzichun, ad aliam Kynzicham'' (...)".</ref> | Chinzichun<ref name="Chinzechun"/> seu Kinzicha<ref name="Chinzechun"/> seu Kynzichun<ref name="Chinzechun"/> seu Kynzicha<ref name="Chinzechun"/> | ''Kinzig'' | align="right" | 93 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Kincicha]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | | ''Kinzig'' | align="right" | 92 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Nagalda (flumen)|Nagalda]]<ref name=Gr/> | Nagalta<ref name=Gr/> seu Nagaltha<ref name=Gr/> seu Naglatensis<ref name=Gr/> | ''Nagold'' | align="right" | 91 | [[Enze]]<ref name="Enze"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Premantia]]<ref name="Premantia">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prims#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Eine lateinische Urkunde Karls des Großen von 802 erwähnt den Namen Premantia. Der Flussname Premantia oder Bhrimantia (von „wallen“/„summen“) dürfte der keltischen Epoche entstammen (...)".</ref> | Bhrimantia | ''Prims'' | align="right" | 91 | [[Saravus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Glana (Nava)|Glana]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891">Fabricius, W. (1891). ''Die Herrschaften des unteren Nahegebietes: Der Nahegau und seine Umgebung''. Bonnae: Behrend & Co.</ref> | Glan<ref name="Glan Navae">Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA177&lpg=PA177&dq=%22flumen+Glan%22&source=bl&ots=ujmIwlysO7&sig=ACfU3U23l5Qidd06sYVb0KVJREd8YLFvDQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwji5bbFwZ-HAxXgQvEDHdb5ClsQ6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q=%22flumen%20Glan%22&f=false Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch], ubi dicitur "(...) Glan, der r.z. Nahe (z. Rhein) bei Odernheim am Glan (...) ''super flumen Glan'' (...)".</ref> seu Glanus<ref name="">Widder, J. C. (1788). ''Versuch einer vollständigen geographisch-historischen Beschreibung der Kurfürstlichen Pfalz'' (Vol. 3). [[Francofurtum ad Moenum|Francofurti ad Moenum]].</ref> | ''Glan'' | align="right" | 90 | [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Helzaha]]<ref name="Helzaha">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elz_(Rhein)#Name articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Nach Berger (1999) sind die Namen ''Helzaha fluvium'' (763), ''Elzach'' (1234) und ''Elza'' (1335) urkundlich belegt (...)".</ref> | Elsach<ref name="Helzaha"/> seu Elza<ref name="Helzaha"/> seu Alisontia<ref name=Gr/> | ''Elz'' | align="right" | 90 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Nida (Moenus)|Nida Moeni]]<ref name="Nida Moeni">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nidda_(Fluss)#Name articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name ''Nidda'' gehört zu den ältesten Gewässernamen Europas. Die im 1. Jahrhundert an der Nidda errichtete Römerstadt Nida deutet darauf hin, dass die Römer den Flussnamen bereits vorfanden. Die älteste mittelalterliche Erwähnung findet sich in einer Urkunde des Lorscher Codex aus dem Jahr 782 (...)".</ref> | | ''Nidda'' | align="right" | 90 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Plissa]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Pleiße'' | align="right" | 90 | [[Alestra]]<ref name="Alestra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Vutahe]]<ref name="Vutahe">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wutach articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Wutach wird im Jahr 1122 urkundlich erstmals genannt als ''Vutahe'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Wutach'' seu ''Gutach'' | align="right" | 90 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Aach Zwiveltense]]<ref name="AZ">De adiectivo Zwiveltense, confer articulum de [[Zwiveltum|urbe Zwivelto]].</ref> | | ''Zwiefalter Aach'' | align="right" | 89 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Dinkel (flumen)|Dinkel]] | | ''Dinkel'' | align="right" | 89 | [[Vidrus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Lacus Yssel]] |- | [[Raxa]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Recknitz'' | align="right" | 88 | [[Mare Balticum]] | [[Raxa]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Lapara magna|Lapara Magna]]<ref name="Lapara"/> | | ''Große Laber'' | align="right" | 87 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Stora]]<ref name=Gr/> | Stura<ref name=Gr/> seu Sturia<ref name=Gr/> seu Stihira<ref name=Gr/> | ''Stör'' | align="right" | 87 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Ara (flumen)|Ara]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | Abrinca<ref name="Vergleichendes"/> seu Abricca<ref name="Vergleichendes">[http://books.google.de/books?id=NvYRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA6&lpg=PA6&dq=Abricca&source=bl&ots=eTCBImcOgu&sig=u6nCfXmVmg2Y28LgxVTT_TFVIf4&hl=de&ei=mzfBTpGBMe754QSxqJyoBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCMQ6AEwATge#v=onepage&q=Abricca&f=false Vergleichendes wörterbuch der alten, mittleren und neuen geographie von Friedrich Heinrich Theodor Bischoff, Johann Heinrich Möller]</ref> | ''Ahr'' | align="right" | 85 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hiera]]<ref name="Hiera">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gera_(Fluss) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der ursprüngliche Name des Flusses war Erfes (auch Erphes, Erfis oder Erphis), von dem der Name der Thüringer Landeshauptstadt Erfurt abstammt. Der Name Gera als Flussbezeichnung ist seit 1108 (Gerahe) belegt (...) Die lateinische Bezeichnung Hiera für Gera findet sich auch in der Benennung der alten Universität Erfurt als „Hierana“ (die an der Gera gelegene) (...)".</ref> | Gera<ref name="Hiera"/> seu Erfes<ref name="Hiera"/> seu Erphes<ref name="Hiera"/> seu Erfis<ref name="Hiera"/> seu Erphis<ref name="Hiera"/> seu Gerahe<ref name="Hiera"/> | ''Gera'' | align="right" | 85 | [[Onestrudis]]<ref name="Onestrudis"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Prumia (flumen)|Prumia]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | | ''Prüm'' | align="right" | 85 | [[Sura (Mosella)|Sura Mosellae]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Osterbek]] | | ''Osterbek'' | align="right" | 85 | [[Alstria]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Owe Magnum]]<ref name="Owe Magnum">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis e hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan". De hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan" vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ], ubi dicitur "(...) Aue, Name mehrerer Flüsse im Einzugsgebiet von Leine, Unter- und Mittelweser und Unterer Elbe, z. B. Aue (z. Ammersbek z. Alster z. Elbe), 1263 ''ad riuulum, qui dicutur Owe'' (...) Aue, r.z. Leine, entspringt bei Westerhof (Lkr. Northeim, Niedersachsen, D), mündet bei Kreiensen (Lkr. Northeim). – 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) ''in flumen Audan et sic per Audan,'' (...)". Adiectivo "magnum" Theodiscum adiectivum "Große" vertitur.</ref> | Audan Magnum<ref name="Owe Magnum"/> | ''Große Aue'' | align="right" | 85 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Schipbeek]] | | ''Schipbeek'' | align="right" | 85 | [[Isala]]<ref name="Isala"/> | [[Isala]]<ref name="Isala"/> |- | [[Wippera (Sala)|Wippera Salae]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | | ''Wipper'' | align="right" | 85 | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Zuda (flumen)|Zuda]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | | ''Sude'' | align="right" | 85 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |} ===Flumina inter 84 et 75 chiliometra longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina inter 84 et 75 chiliometra aut amplius longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Amsara]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | Amsaris<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> seu Hemiscara<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> seu Eimscherna<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Emscher'' | align="right" | 84 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Stepenitz (Albis)|Stepenitz Albis]]<ref name="Stepenitz">Vide ''Usus aquarum, Interdisziplinäre Studien zur Nutzung und Bedeutung von Gewässern im Mittelalter'', , ubi dicitur "(...) 1264) 1570 ''fluuii Stepenitz'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Stepenitz'' | align="right" | 84 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Aisca]]<ref name="Aisca">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aisch#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Früher wurde fälschlicherweise angenommen, dass die Herkunft des Namens Aisch (karolingisch Eisce und Eisge, in einer Urkunde von 1129 Aisca[6]) in seiner ursprünglichen Konnotation fischreich bedeutet (...)".</ref> | Eisce<ref name="Aisca"/> seu Eisge<ref name="Aisca"/> | ''Aisch'' | align="right" | 83 | [[Radiantia]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wazowniza]]<ref name="Wesenitz">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wesenitz#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) In der Oberlausitzer Grenzurkunde wurde der Fluss 1241 mehrfach als ''Wazowniza''⁷ genannt (...)".</ref> | | ''Wesenitz'' | align="right" | 83 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Isala Rhenaniae Septentrionalis-Vestfaliae|Isala Vetus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | Sala<ref name="Hofmann"/> | ''Issel'' | align="right" | 82 | [[Isala]]<ref name="Isala"/> | [[Isala]]<ref name="Isala"/> |- | [[Duria (Danubius)|Duria Danubii]]<ref name="Duria">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zusam#Etymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Eine Landschaftsbezeichnung von 898 in pago Dúria („im Gau Dúria“) enthält den alten Namen des Flusses. Dieser stammt vermutlich vom keltisch/gallischen Wort *durā, *duriā, was so viel wie 'Flusslauf' bedeutet.[4] 1268 tritt der Name als Zvsma, 1269 als Zvsem, 1284 als Zeusme (...)".</ref> | Zusma<ref name="Duria"/> seu Zusem<ref name="Duria"/> seu Zeusme<ref name="Duria"/> | ''Zusam'' | align="right" | 81 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Helmana]]<ref name=Gr/> | Elmena<ref name=Gr/> | ''Helme'' | align="right" | 81 | [[Onestrudis]]<ref name="Onestrudis"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Isana (Aenus)|Isana Aeni]]<ref name=Gr/> | Isia<ref name=Gr/> seu Isinisca<ref name=Gr/> | ''Isen'' | align="right" | 81 | [[Aenus (flumen)|Aenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Helbe]]<ref name="Helbe">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helbe#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...)Im Jahr 1267 taucht der Fluss als ''aquam … Helbe'' erstmals in den schriftlichen Urkunden auf (...)".</ref> | | ''Helbe'' | align="right" | 80 | [[Onestrudis]]<ref name="Onestrudis"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Itessa]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | Ichesa<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Itz'' | align="right" | 80 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Aha (flumen)|Aha]]<ref name="Aha">Vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783258481142_A43727966/preview-9783258481142_A43727966.pdf FLüsse der Alpen: Vielfalt in Natur und Kultur], ubi dicitur "(...) ''ad Ahae fluvii'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Großache'' seu ''Kitzbüheler Ache'' seu ''Jochberger Ache'' seu ''Kössener Ache'' seu ''Tiroler Achen'' | align="right" | 79 | [[Lacus Chiemensis]]<ref name="Chiemensis">Gerhard Lorenz, [https://www.bavarikon.de/search?terms=Prior+von+Tegernsee&lang=en&facet=creator.name_str%3AGerhard%2C+Lorenz%3B+Verfasser "Brevis Bavariae geographia" (Herbipoli: 1844).]</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Murga (Nigra silva septentrionalis)|Murga Nigra silva septentrionalis]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Murg'' | align="right" | 79 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wiesent]]<ref name="Wiesent">Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=6QkAAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA648&lpg=PA648&dq=%22amnis+Wiesent%22&source=bl&ots=ll6FFVN8hL&sig=ACfU3U3LV2O7iOzTO3ktkkn5305tf_T6fw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwijsom6v7iHAxWwfKQEHRnRD_4Q6AF6BAgNEAM#v=onepage&q=%22amnis%20Wiesent%22&f=false ''Bryologia universa seu Systematica ad novam methodum dispositio'', Vol. II], ubi dicitur "(...) In lapidicinis et ad ripa amnis Wiesent prope Erlangam (...)".</ref> | | ''Wiesent'' | align="right" | 79 | [[Radiantia]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Filisa (Naba)|Filisa Nabae]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | Vilsa<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | ''Vils'' | align="right" | 78 | [[Naba]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Naba"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Mintela]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Mindel'' | align="right" | 78 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Remisus]]<ref name="Remisus">Vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=FuwzkvZmlVAC&pg=RA2-PT353&lpg=RA2-PT353&dq=Rems+fluvius&source=bl&ots=pqKYOU-Qfo&sig=ACfU3U0iTPhkv6wzJUq8mkuntYSbzkgUaw&hl=de&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi04PX82dvmAhVKK5oKHUwGAR8Q6AEwAXoECAcQAQ#v=onepage&q=Rems%20fluvius&f=false FONS LATINITATIS CORVINIANUS BICORNIS, auctore Christophoro Giglingio].</ref> | Remsa<ref name="Remisus"/> seu Ramasia<ref>[https://books.google.de/books?id=bmITAAAAIAAJ&q=Ramasia&dq=Ramasia&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjX3v-KyNvmAhXQLVAKHZyABysQ6AEIXDAH Fons nominis in ''Heinrich Bebels Facetien drei Bücher'', 1931, pag. 199]</ref> | ''Rems'' | align="right" | 78 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Frimida]]<ref name="Frimida">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfreimd_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die ältesten Belege des Namens Pfreimd sind ''Frimida'' (1022/23), ''Frima'' (1024–1031), ''Phrime'' (um 1130; mit der alten Schreibung <ph> für <pf>) und ''Phrimede'' (1156) (...)".</ref> | Frima<ref name="Frimida"/> seu Phrime<ref name="Frimida"/> seu Phrimede<ref name="Frimida"/> | ''Pfreimd'' | align="right" | 76 | [[Naba]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Naba"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Smuttura]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Schmutter'' | align="right" | 76 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Ilma (Bavaria)|Ilma]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Ilma">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilm_(Abens)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Im Jahre 821 schrieb man ''Ilma'', 890 ''Ilminam'', 920 ''Ilmim'' und seit 1322 ''Ilm'' (...)".</ref> | Ilmina<ref name="Ilma"/> seu Ilmin<ref name="Ilma"/> seu Ilm<ref name="Ilma"/> | ''Ilm'' | align="right" | 75 | [[Abia (Danubius)|Abia Danubii]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Lade]]<ref name="Lade">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leda_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die erste schriftliche Nennung (fluuium Lade) stammt aus der ersten Hälfte des 9. Jahrhunderts (...)".</ref> | | ''Leda'' | align="right" | 75 | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Murga (Neoburgum)|Murga Neoburgensis]]<ref name="Murga NB">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauter_(Rhein,_Neuburg)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Lauter hieß am Unterlauf in keltisch-römischer Zeit Murga (...)".</ref> | Lutra<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Lauter'' seu ''Wieslauter'' | align="right" | 75 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Tribula (Penus)|Tribula Peni]]<ref name="Tribula">Vide [https://mvdok.lbmv.de/mjbrenderer?id=mvdok_document_00002847 Die slavischen Ortsnamen in Meklenburg], ubi dicitur "(...) Trebel, Fluß, unterhalb Demmin in die Peene, 1285 aqva, que Tribula dicitur, 1292 supra Treble, 1298 fluvius Trebele (...)".</ref> | Treble<ref name="Tribula"/> | ''Trebel'' | align="right" | 75 | [[Penus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Penus]]<ref name=Gr/> |} ===Flumina inter 74 et 60 chiliometra longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina inter 74 et 60 chiliometra aut amplius longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Kambeloch]]<ref name="Kambeloch">Vide [https://epub.uni-regensburg.de/31392/1/Katalog%20der%20romanischen%20Ortsnamen%20in%20Bayern.pdf ''Katalog der romanischen Ortsnamen in Bayern''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Kammel''', Fluss links zur Mindel (z.Donau), ON. Kammlach (Lkr. Unterallgäu), 1243 ''Kambeloch'', < FlN. (kelt.) *''Kambal''- (+ ahd. -''aha'') (...)".</ref> | | ''Kammel'' seu ''Kammlach'' | align="right" | 74 | [[Mintela]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Lesura (flumen Germanicum)|Lesura]]<ref name="Lesura">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieser_(Mosel)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name des Baches ist keltischen Ursprungs.[4] Die früheste Erwähnung der Lieser als ''Lesura'' findet sich in dem um 371 entstandenen Gedicht Mosella von Ausonius.[5] In Vers 365 steht: „Praetereo exilem Lesuram“ (die armselige Lieser übergehe ich).[6] In einem Testament aus dem Dezember 634 wird von Weingütern an der Lieser berichtet, die der Eigentümer besitzt: „Vineas ad Lesuram … quas possedi“.[7] Seit dem späten 8. Jahrhundert wandelt sich das e im Flussnamen ''Lesura'' zu ''i'' oder y, wobei auch der Name Lisera vorkommt. Der heutige Name ''Lieser'' ist erstmals in einer Urkunde aus dem Jahr 1357 beleg (...)".</ref> | Lisera | ''Lieser'' | align="right" | 74 | [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosella]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Iesne]]<ref name="Iesne">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeetzel#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird um das Jahr 1014 als Jesne erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Jeetzel'' | align="right" | 73 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Treya]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Treene'' | align="right" | 73 | [[Egdor]]<ref name="Egdor"/> | [[Egdor]]<ref name="Egdor"/> |- | [[Mogus rufus|Mogus Rufus]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Roter Main'' | align="right" | 72 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Soeste]] | | ''Soeste'' | align="right" | 72 | [[Jümme (flumen)|Jümme]] | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Wachna]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | Waharna<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Werre'' | align="right" | 72 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Abia (Danubius)|Abia]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Abens'' | align="right" | 71 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Böhme (flumen)|Böhme]] | | ''Böhme'' | align="right" | 71 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Vesa]]<ref name="Vesa">Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=ELmR13uk8BwC&pg=PA1792&lpg=PA1792&dq=Vesdre+%22Vesa%22&source=bl&ots=dWgI2GF9n1&sig=ACfU3U3Fu4SstiopCZsYdLFXxKIkWlO_Qg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiUvcSP-rWHAxX3RPEDHdwiBGY4ChDoAXoECB0QAw#v=onepage&q=Vesdre%20%22Vesa%22&f=false ''Dictionnaire Géographique Et Statistique Sur Un Plan Entièrement Nouveau, Volume 2''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''VESDRE''', lat. ''Vesa'', riv. d'Europe affl. dr. de l'Ourte à Chênée (...)".</ref> | | ''Weser'' | align="right" | 71 | [[Urta]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Agger (flumen)|Agger]] | | ''Agger'' | align="right" | 70 | [[Sega]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sura (Rhenus)|Sura Rheni]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Sauer'' | align="right" | 70 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Arguna Inferior]]<ref name="ArgInf">Fingitur hoc nomen Latino e nomine fluminis Argunae (Theodisce ''Argen'') et versione adiectivi ''Untere'', "inferior-ius". </ref> | | ''Untere Argen'' | align="right" | 69 | [[Arguna]]<ref name="Arguna">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hase_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...)Der Fluss wird 839 erstmals als ''ad Argunam'' schriftlich erwähnt. Er bedeutete ursprünglich 'hell, glänzend, (blitz)schnell' (...)".</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Haidenaab]] | | ''Haidenaab'' | align="right" | 69 | [[Naba]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Naba"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Nidder]]<ref name="Nidder">Vide [https://geschichtsvereinhoechst.de/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Hoechster-Geschichtsverein-Geschichtshefte-1978-heft-30-31-kurmainische-schloss-zu-hoechst-am-main.pdf ''Das kurmainzische Schloß zu Höchst am Main''], ubi dicitur "(...) Moenus fluvius, Nidder fluvius (...)".</ref> | | ''Nidder'' | align="right" | 69 | [[Nida (Moenus)|Nida Moeni]]<ref name="Nida"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sinna (flumen)|Sinna Salae Moeni]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Sinn'' | align="right" | 69 | [[Sala (Moeni)|Sala Moeni]]<ref name="Sala in pago"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Weteraha]]<ref name="Weteraha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hase_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde 772 als „Wetteraha“ erstmals schriftlich erwähnt.[5] Weitere Namensformen sind „Weteraha“, „Wettera“, „Wetera“ und „Weter“ (...)".</ref> | Wettera<ref name="Weteraha"/> seu Wetera<ref name="Weteraha"/> seu Weter<ref name="Weteraha"/> | ''Wetter'' | align="right" | 69 | [[Nida (Moenus)|Nida Moeni]]<ref name="Nida"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Tollense]]<ref name="Tollense">Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=THpYAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA1&lpg=PA1&dq=%22flumen+Tollense%22&source=bl&ots=CdYxZN4qYZ&sig=ACfU3U3_0MiH2yDFIhsR5LpriED48tJvfw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjsgNbVl7aHAxXJYPEDHUnIA9cQ6AF6BAgOEAM#v=onepage&q=%22flumen%20Tollense%22&f=false ''Georgii Tertii ... Regis Magnae Britanniae, Franciae, Hiberniae defensoris''], ubi dicitur "(...) quorum illos LAacus et flumen Tollense Stargardiae et Pomeraniae exteriori vindicant (...)".</ref> | | ''Tollense'' | align="right" | 68 | [[Penus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Penus]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Flöha]] | | ''Flöha'' | align="right" | 67 | [[Schapa (flumen)|Schapa]]<ref name="Schapa"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Huna]]<ref name="Huna">Vide [https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/_naa002197301_01/_naa002197301_01_0003.php ''Naamkunde. Jaargang 5''] ubi dicitur "(...) De '''Haune''', rechterbijrivier van de Fulda te Bad Hersfeld (Land Hessen, Reg.-Bez. Kassel, Landkr. en AG Hersfeld): 747 (onecht stuk, waarschijnlijk van 822-24; hs. kort na het midden der XIIe e.) ''in australem Hûnam ... in Hunam'', 789 (k. kort na het midden der XIIe e. van k. 828) ''fluvii, quae vocatur Huna''(40); ...; 980 (or.) ''in fluvium Huna vocatum ... in Hunaha, de Hunaha''(41). (...)".</ref> | Hunaha | ''Haune'' | align="right" | 67 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Labere]]<ref name="Labere">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hase_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erstmals schriftlich erwähnt wurde der Fluss etwa um 1150 als Labere (...)".</ref> | | ''Schwarze Laber'' seu ''Schwarze Laaber'' | align="right" | 67 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Schwarzer Schöps]] | | ''Schwarzer Schöps'' | align="right" | 67 | [[Spreha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Werse]]<ref name="Werse">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werse#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der älteste urkundliche Beleg des Namens der Werse stammt aus dem Jahr 1189 als ''Werse'', und aus dem Jahr 1279 stammt die Form ''de Wersa''. Für das Jahr 1316 erscheint in Lateinisch der Eintrag ''molendino dicto Wersa'', also ein Mühlort, beziehungsweise eine Wassermühle die (an der) Werse genannt wird (...)".</ref> | Wersa<ref name="Werse"/> | ''Werse'' | align="right" | 67 | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Löcknitz]] | | ''Löcknitz'' | align="right" | 66 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Bilena]]<ref name=Gr/> | Billena<ref name=Gr/> | ''Bille'' | align="right" | 65 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Bunaha (flumen)|Bunaha]]<ref name="Bunaha">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex [[Baunach|oppido homonymo]]. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide [https://www.yumpu.com/de/document/read/5481494/sankt-oswald-baunach-pfarrei-st-oswald-baunach ''Sankt Oswald Baunach''], ubi dicitur "(...) ad Bunaha ubi ecclesia edificata erat (...)".</ref> | | ''Baunach'' | align="right" | 65 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ilissus]]<ref name=Gr/> | Ilsus<ref name=Gr/> seu Iltsa<ref name=Gr/> seu Iltza<ref name=Gr/> | ''Ilz'' | align="right" | 65 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Lapara parva|Lapara Parva]]<ref name="Lapara"/> | | ''Kleine Laber'' seu ''Kleine Laaber'' | align="right" | 65 | [[Lapara magna|Lapara Magna]]<ref name="Lapara"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Nuthe|Nuthe Habalae]]<ref name="Nuthe">Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=Y-VGAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA497&lpg=PA497&dq=%22fluvius+nuthe%22&source=bl&ots=ew4OufOUqY&sig=ACfU3U1NZgQzw_R5Ctg_Z4y-xjPnhODopA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwje1uS7p7aHAxWFQvEDHTzqD6sQ6AF6BAgNEAM#v=onepage&q=%22fluvius%20nuthe%22&f=false ''Cornelii Taciti opera quae supersunt''], ubi dicitur "(...) Nuithones, populus Germaniae in comitatu Marchiae Mediae, ubi fluvius ''Nuthe'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Nuthe'' | align="right" | 65 | [[Habala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Möhne]] | | ''Möhne'' | align="right" | 65 | [[Rura]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Nister (flumen)|Nister]]<ref name="Nister">Vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenahist/cellarius1/cellariushistoria.html CHRISTOPHORI CELLARII HISTORIA UNIVERSALIS BREVITER AC PERSPICVE EXPOSITA IN ANTIQUAM, ET MEDII AEV AC NOVAM DIVISA, CUM NOTIS PERPETVIS EDITIO XI. AD NOSTRA USQUE TEMPORA CONTINVATA ET SUMMARIIS AUCTA], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Cochin vocatur castellum ad fluvium Nister, quod pacificatione post hanc victoriam Walachorum principi a Polonis restitutum fuit'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Nister'' | align="right" | 64 | [[Sega]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rezat]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz">Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=bqhMAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP12&lpg=PP12&dq=amnis+,+Rezat+feu+Redniz+,+olim+Radiantia+dictus&source=bl&ots=CXb6OXVZC-&sig=ACfU3U0rrGccL2eu9TSN4x0nIlOWdLfgUA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiPxaDRwraHAxVdVPEDHcn8C2wQ6AF6BAgOEAM#v=onepage&q=amnis%20%2C%20Rezat%20feu%20Redniz%20%2C%20olim%20Radiantia%20dictus&f=false ''Natalem vicesimum septimum serenissimae principis ac dominae''], ubi dicitur "(...) Rezat seu Redniz, olim Radiantia dictus (...)". Quamquam, secundum hunc librum, nomina "Radiantia" et "Rezat" et "Redniz" synonyma olim erant, eligitur "Rezat" flumini hodie Theodisce ''Fränkische Rezat'' nuncupato; nomen "Radiantia" flumini hodie Theodisce ''Regnitz'' nuncupato; nomen "Redniz" flumini hodie Theodisce ''Rednitz'' nuncupato. Flumini hodie Theodisce ''Schwäbische Rezat'' nuncupato, eligitur nomen "Radentia", secundum articulum de hoc flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam, ubi dicitur "(...) Im Jahr 793 wurde der Fluss erstmals als „Radentia“ erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Fränkische Rezat'' | align="right" | 64 | [[Redniz]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Salica (flumen)|Salica]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Selke'' | align="right" | 64 | [[Boda]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Wenkbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Wenkbach'' | align="right" | 64 | [[Par-Allna]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Alzus]]<ref name="Alzus">Vide [http://www.lateinlexikon.com/lexicon_latinum_hodiernum_parsgeographica.pdf ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum Lucusaltianum''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Alz,''' f ''Alzus, i, m'' [ORB p.63]; ''Alezussa, ae, f'' [ORB p.59]; ''Alzissa, ae, f'' [ORB p.63]; ''Alszista, ae, f'' [ORB p.63]; ''Alasa, ae, f'' [ORB p.57]; ''Alaza, ae, f'' [ORB p.57]; ''Alsa, ae,'' f [ORB p.61]; ''Alza, ae, f'' [ORB p.63]; ''Acha, ae, f'' [ORB p.53]; ''Achsa, ae,'' f [ORB p.53]; ''Achza, ae, f'' [ORB p.53] {flumen Germanicum, quod in Aeno influit} (...)".</ref> | Alezussa,<ref name="Alzus"/> Alzissa,<ref name="Alzus"/> Alszista,<ref name="Alzus"/> Alasa,<ref name="Alzus"/> Alaza,<ref name="Alzus"/> Alsa,<ref name="Alzus"/> Alza,<ref name="Alzus"/> Acha,<ref name="Alzus"/> Achsa,<ref name="Alzus"/> Achza<ref name="Alzus"/> | ''Alz'' | align="right" | 63 | [[Aenus (flumen)|Aenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Saletio (flumen)|Saletio]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | Salia<ref name="Chytraeus 1599">Chytraeus, D. (1599). ''Saxonia, ab anno Christi 1500 usque ad MDXCIX recognita, et ad hoc usque praesentem annum MDC continuata''. [[Lipsia]]e: Impensis Henningi Grosii.</ref> | ''Selz'' | align="right" | 63 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Salmona]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | Salma<ref name="Hofmann"/> | ''Salm'' | align="right" | 63 | [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosella]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Vilisa (Nicer)|Vilisa Niceri]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Fils'' | align="right" | 63 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Werma]]<ref name="Werma">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wern#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Den Namen schrieb man im 8. Jahrhundert ''Werma'' und um das Jahr 1015 ''Werina'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Wern'' | align="right" | 63 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Emmera]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | Ambra<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Emmer'' | align="right" | 62 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Escheda]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | Esta<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Este'' | align="right" | 62 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Milnitz]]<ref name="Milnitz">Vide [https://mvdok.lbmv.de/mjbrenderer?id=mvdok_document_00002847 ''Die slavischen Ortsnamen in Meklenburg''], ubi dicitur "(...) Mildenitz, Nebenfluß der Warnow, 1237 die bach Milnitz, 1256 usque Milnitz fluuium, 1272 aqua Mildenizce (...)".</ref> | Mildenizce | ''Mildenitz'' | align="right" | 62 | [[Warnou]]<ref name="Warnou"/> | [[Warnou]]<ref name="Warnou"/> |- | [[Ursena]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Ursene<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Örtze'' | align="right" | 62 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Scuzina]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Schussen'' | align="right" | 62 | [[Lacus Bodamicus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Zwentine]]<ref name="Zwentine">Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=JusDAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA690&lpg=PA690&dq=%22Zwentina%22+Schwentine&source=bl&ots=NShweEDAaE&sig=ACfU3U1QJPxuSMkZU_e946z20Z2AyCu0Cg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwieo7P51LaHAxXW1QIHHRflAKkQ6AF6BAgcEAM#v=onepage&q=%22Zwentine%22%20&f=false ''Urkundensammlung der Schledswig-holstein-lauenburgischen ..., Volume 1''], ubi dicitur "(...) Cujus termini sunt in aquilonari parte a Zwentine usque ad Lapides (...) situm in Zwentina fluvio prope clautrum (...)".</ref> | Zwentina<ref name="Zwentine"/><ref name="Zwentina">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwentine#Historisches hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Auch Namensformen wie Zwentina, Zuentina, Suentana sind historisch belegt (...)".</ref> seu Zuentina<ref name="Zwentina"/> seu Suentana<ref name="Zwentina"/> | ''Schwentine'' | align="right" | 62 | [[Lacus Parvus Ploenensis]]<ref name="LPP">Fingitur huius lacūs nomen (Theodisce ''Kleiner Plöner See'') adiacenti ex urbe [[Ploena|Ploenā]]. Latino de huius urbis nomine, vide {{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Zwentine]]<ref name="Zwentine"/> |- | [[Nemesa]]<ref name="Nemesa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nims#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Nims wird bereits in römischer Zeit vom Dichter Decim(i)us Magnus Ausonius in seinem Werk "Mosella" als ''Nemesa'' erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Nims'' | align="right" | 61 | [[Prumia (flumen)|Prumia]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Plana (Habala)|Plana]]<ref name="Plana">Riedel, A. F., auctore (1849). ''Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis''. Praecipua pars 1, Volumen 8. Berolini: F.H. Morin.</ref> | | ''Plane'' | align="right" | 61 | [[Habala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Amana (flumen)|Amana]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | | ''Ohm'' | align="right" | 60 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray">{{Murray}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ardaha]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | Arda<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Aar'' | align="right" | 60 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray">{{Murray}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Kraichbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Kraichbach'' seu ''Kraich'' | align="right" | 60 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Locha (flumen Germanicum)|Locha]]<ref name="Locha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauchert#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) In den ersten schriftlichen Nennungen des 13. Jh. heißt der Fluss ''Locha'' (...)".</ref><ref name="Locha2">Vide [https://archive.org/stream/wirtembergische02staagoog/wirtembergische02staagoog_djvu.txt ''Wirtembergisches urkundenbuch; herausgegeben von dem Königlichen staatsarchiv in Stuttgart''], ubi dicitur "(...) qui ex arce nostra Altenburg ad flumen, quod Locha dicitur (...)".</ref> | | ''Lauchert'' | align="right" | 60 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Nebula (flumen Germanicum)|Nebula]]<ref name="Nebula">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebel_(Fluss)#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Nebel ist 1189 als ''Nebula'' ersturkundlich genannt (...)".</ref> | | ''Nebel'' | align="right" | 60 | [[Warnou]]<ref name="Warnou"/> | [[Warnou]]<ref name="Warnou"/> |- | [[Phunzin]]<ref name="Phunzin">Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=Z2oAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA69&lpg=PA69&dq=%22Pfinz%22+fluvius&source=bl&ots=ivgR20gcuE&sig=ACfU3U0GvdH1J3wBfLY8Wl4IQyDP8hsMsA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjn4OGb7LaHAxWlR_EDHQmmDRAQ6AF6BAgaEAM#v=onepage&q=%22Pfinz%22%20fluvius&f=false ''Geographia pagorum vetustae Germaniae cisrhenanorum''], ubi dicitur "(...) PHUNZIN fl. (h. ''Pfin'') a quo pagellus nomen traxit, oritur non longe a Portâ Hercininiae (...)".</ref> | | ''Pfinz'' | align="right" | 60 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Pulsnicia (fluvius)|Pulsnicia]]<ref name="Müller 1715">Müller, C. (1715). ''Saxoniae Electoralis Descriptio Historico-Geographica''. Lipsiae: Officina Gleditschiana.</ref> | Polsniza<ref name="Posse 1883">Posse, O. (Ed.) (1883). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Haupttheil I, Band 3. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen y Landgrafen von Thüringen (1196–1234)''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> seu Polsnicz<ref name="">Gersdorf, E. G. (Ed.) (1864). ''Urkundenbuch del Hochstifts Meißen (Band 1)''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> | ''Pulsnitz'' | align="right" | 60 | [[Elstra nigra|Elstra Nigra]]<ref name="Elstra Nigra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Spira (Rhenus)|Spira Rheni]]<ref name="Spira">Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=FwLmPwST_TIC&pg=PA36&lpg=PA36&dq=%22Speyerbach%22+flumen&source=bl&ots=MMu5IpjCnq&sig=ACfU3U1UUwmNCx1XsPxoC3xBNCcwKc0JDA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwigoozG6LaHAxUpR_EDHZYBDiUQ6AF6BAgYEAM#v=onepage&q=%22Speyerbach%22%20flumen&f=false ''Der Kaiser-Dom zu Speyer: eine topographisch-historische Monographie, Volume 1''], ubi dicitur "(...) inde autem ad flumen Spira (Speyerbach) dictum (...)".</ref> | | ''Speyerbach'' seu ''Speyer'' seu ''Speierbach'' | align="right" | 60 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |} ===Flumina inter 59 et 50 chiliometra longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina inter 59 et 50 chiliometra aut amplius longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Alisontia (Mosella)|Alisontia]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Elzbach'' seu ''Elz'' | align="right" | 59 | [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosella]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Almana]]<ref name=Gr/> | Aliso<ref name=Gr/> | ''Alme'' | align="right" | 59 | [[Lupia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Fona]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Fuhne'' | align="right" | 59 | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Nitasa]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | | ''Nette'' | align="right" | 59 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Radiantia]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | Rekinzi<ref name="Rekinzi">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regnitz#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Es ist erstmals in einer lateinischen Urkunde von 1160 als „Rekinzi“ erwähnt (...)".</ref> | ''Regnitz'' | align="right" | 59 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wiscoz]]<ref name="Wiscoz">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weschnitz#Flussname hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Auf die Weschnitz wird mit Wiscoz, Wisgots[4] oder ähnlichen Schreibweisen in zahlreichen Urkunden des Lorscher Codex als Referenz für die Lage des Klosters Lorsch Bezug genommen. Auch in anderen lateinischen Publikationen erscheint dieser Name.[5] (...)".</ref> | Wisgots | ''Weschnitz'' | align="right" | 59 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lubetowe]]<ref name="Lubetowe">Vide [https://www.sorabicon.de/kulturlexikon/artikel/prov_urb_tjk_d3b/ ''Gewässernamen''], ubi dicitur "(...) danach benannt ist das ''Löbauer Wasser'', das aber 1228/1241 ''Lubotna'' hieß, 1268 ''flumen Lubetowe'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Löbauer Wasser'' | align="right" | 58 | [[Spreha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Luya|Luya Ilmenae]]<ref name=Gr/> | Lia<ref name=Gr/> | ''Luhe'' | align="right" | 58 | [[Ilmena (Albis)|Ilmena]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Manachfialta]]<ref name="Manachfialta">Vide [https://www.bayerische-landesbibliothek-online.de/lc-de-en-liste2.html ''Liber...censualium: Digitale Edition - Nachträge und Einbindungen fol. 39 - 43v''], ubi dicitur "(...) Haienperch totum in circuito inde inter flumina Manachfialta et Slieraha usque ad Hesilintal (...) (...) ''Manachfialta'': TF Mangfall (...) de Hesilintal sursum iuxta Slieraha usque ad Rotenpach inde usque ad cacumen Citolfesecca inde usque ad medietatem Manachvalte. inde iusum iuxta Manachvalta usque ad Hesilental (...) ''Manachvalta'': TF Mangfall (...)".</ref> | Manachvalta<ref name="Manachfialta"/> | ''Mangfall'' | align="right" | 58 | [[Aenus (flumen)|Aenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Parda (flumen)|Parda]]<ref name="Bavarikon">Vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=224&cq=Novigrad%20%E2%9D%ACIstrien%E2%9D%AD%20=%20Cittanova%20d%27Istria&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N - Z''].</ref> | | ''Parthe'' | align="right" | 58 | [[Alestra]]<ref name="Alestra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Schuntra]]<ref name=Gr/> | Scontra<ref name=Gr/> seu Scuntra<ref name=Gr/> | ''Schunter'' | align="right" | 58 | [[Ovacra]]<ref name="Ovacra"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Secunda Alestra]]<ref name="Secunda Alestra">Vide [https://nlp.fi.muni.cz/projekty/ahisto/portal/fulltext.php?docid=635&search=Kleine+Elster Monumenta Egrana I], ubi dicitur "(...) die secunda Alestra sicher gleich mit der Elstra minor (der kleinen Elster) einer nicht viel späteren Urkunde (...)".</ref> | Elstra Minor<ref name="Secunda Alestra"/> | ''Kleine Elster'' | align="right" | 59 | [[Elstra nigra|Elstra Nigra]]<ref name="Elstra Nigra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Stibarna]]<ref name="Stibarna">Vide [https://archive.org/stream/grndungsgeschic00tibugoog/grndungsgeschic00tibugoog_djvu.txt ''Gründungsgeschichte der stifter, pfarrkirchen, klöster und kapellen im bereiche des alten bisthums Münster, mit ausschluss des ehemaligen friesischen theils''], ubi dicitur "(...) Sülfen Tiegt naͤmlich unweit des Steverfluffes (Stibarna, Stivarna, Stiburna) (...) h „iuxta Stibarna“ bezeichnet wird (...)".</ref> | Stivarna<ref name="Stibarna"/> seu Stiburna<ref name="Stibarna"/> | ''Stever'' | align="right" | 58 | [[Lupia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Tannbacum (Sala)|Tannbacum Salae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Tannbach'' | align="right" | 58 | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Wundreb (flumen)|Wundreb]]<ref name="Wundreb">Fingitur huius fluminis nomen e Latino homonymi oppiduli nomine, secundum [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_8rY-AAAAYAAJ/bub_gb_8rY-AAAAYAAJ_djvu.txt ''Regesta sive rerum boicarum autographa ad annum usque MCCC''], ubi dicitur "(...) Ulricua judex de Wundreb (...)".</ref> | | ''Wondreb'' | align="right" | 58 | [[Agara]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Darmbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Darmbach'' | align="right" | 57 | [[Rivulus Niger Ginsheimensis Rhenanus]]<ref name="Rivulus Niger"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lein (Cochera)|Lein]] | Leyn<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Lein'' | align="right" | 57 | [[Cochera]]<ref name="Cochera"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Owe Burgdorfiense]]<ref name="Owe Burgd.">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis e hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan" et adiectivo "Burgdorfiense". De hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan" vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ], ubi dicitur "(...) Aue, Name mehrerer Flüsse im Einzugsgebiet von Leine, Unter- und Mittelweser und Unterer Elbe, z. B. Aue (z. Ammersbek z. Alster z. Elbe), 1263 ''ad riuulum, qui dicutur Owe'' (...) Aue, r.z. Leine, entspringt bei Westerhof (Lkr. Northeim, Niedersachsen, D), mündet bei Kreiensen (Lkr. Northeim). – 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) ''in flumen Audan et sic per Audan,'' (...)". De adiectivo "Burgdorfiensis-e", vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | Audan Burgdorfiense<ref name="Owe Burgd."/> | ''Burgdorfer Aue'' | align="right" | 57 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Reineche]]<ref name="Reineche">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rench#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Rench wurde 1291 erwähnt als ''rivus Reineche'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Rench'' | align="right" | 57 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Simmerbach]]<ref name="Simmerbach">Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=wBQ-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA22&lpg=PA22&dq=%22rivus+Simmerbach%22&source=bl&ots=cYl1hMp3vI&sig=ACfU3U1uPmMXEYefVbUd15wXK5KAd9wPJg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjmufD1vbmHAxWlBNsEHc5MBDEQ6AF6BAgNEAM#v=onepage&q=%22rivus%20Simmerbach%22&f=false ''De Tauni montis parte Transrhenana''], ubi dicitur "(...) propagatum rivus Simmerbach transit (...)".</ref> | | ''Simmerbach'' | align="right" | 57 | [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ulster (flumen)|Ulster]] | | ''Ulster'' | align="right" | 57 | [[Weraha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Vurmicus|Vurmicus Rurae]]<ref name=Gr/> | Vurmnis<ref name=Gr/> | ''Wurm'' | align="right" | 57 | [[Rura (Eiflensis)|Rura Eiflensis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wyda (flumen)|Wyda]]<ref name="Wyda">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex [[Wyda|oppido homonymo]]. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | Weida<ref name="Wyda"/> seu Weitaha<ref name="Wyda"/> seu Wida<ref name="Wyda"/> seu Weyda<ref name="Wyda"/> | ''Weida'' | align="right" | 57 | [[Alestra]]<ref name="Alestra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Alpha (Isala Vetus)|Alpha Isalae Veteris]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Bocholter Aa'' | align="right" | 56 | [[Isala Rhenaniae Septentrionalis-Vestfaliae|Isala Vetus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Isala]]<ref name="Isala"/> |- | [[Alstria]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | Alstra<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> seu Halstera<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> seu Affalstria<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Alster'' | align="right" | 56 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Ebera]]<ref name="Ebera">Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20221231091120/http://ebersberger-historie.de/assets/jb_2_web.pdf Weitere Eber-Namen in Deutschland], ubi dicitur "(...) Reiche Ebrach (l. zur Regnitz, 1069 Ebera) (...)".</ref> | |''Reiche Ebrach'' | align="right" | 56 | [[Radiantia]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hursilla]]<ref name="Hursilla">Vide [https://collections.thulb.uni-jena.de/receive/HisBest_cbu_00084275 ''Collections@Urmel''], ubi dicitur "(...) 979 in fluvio quodam Hursilla vocat qui fluit in Lupinzgovve (...) 1014 de capella ad Hûrselen (...)".</ref> | Hurselen | ''Hörsel'' | align="right" | 56 | [[Weraha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Odera (Ruma)|Odera Rumae]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Oder'' | align="right" | 56 | [[Ruma (flumen)|Ruma]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Schuttera]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | | ''Schutter'' | align="right" | 56 | [[Chinzechun]]<ref name="Chinzechun"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Swareza]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | Swartza<ref name="Bavarikon"/> seu Swarza<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | ''Schwarzach'' | align="right" | 56 | [[Redniz]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Dillena]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | | ''Dill'' | align="right" | 55 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray">{{Murray}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Guntia (flumen)|Guntia]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | Gontia<ref name="Gontia">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnz#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name wird in der Antike schon im 2./3. Jahrhundert inschriftlich erwähnt (Gontiae sacr(um)). (...)".</ref> | ''Günz'' | align="right" | 55 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Horone]]<ref name="Horone">Vide articulum [https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horn_(Schwarzbach)#Hydronymie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Francicam], ubi dicitur "(...) Ancienne mention : ''Hornsbach¹'' (1150). D'après l'aha, « ''zuo deru hoawinum bacha'' ». Une deuxième Horn, appelée maintenant Breidenbach, a formé les localités d'Althorn et Neuhorn qui s'écrivent en 783 « ''in marca Horone''¹ ». (...)".</ref> | Hornsbach<ref name="Horone"/> | ''Horn'' seu ''Hornsbach'' | align="right" | 55 | [[Burchalben]]<ref name="Burchalben"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Schlinge (flumen)|Schlinge]] | | ''Schlinge'' | align="right" | 55 | [[Bielheimerbeek]] | [[Isala]]<ref name="Isala"/> |- | [[Wiese (flumen)|Wiese]]<ref name="Wiese">Vide [https://www.e-periodica.ch/cntmng?pid=bhl-001%3A1913%3A22%3A%3A276 ''Über das Vorkommen von Teesdalia und Subularia in der Schweiz''], ubi dicitur "(...) ad flumen Wiese (...)".</ref> | | ''Wiese'' | align="right" | 55 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wisinta]]<ref name="Wisinta">Vide [https://archive.org/details/thringischeges10vereuoft/page/172/mode/2up?view=theater&q=wisinta https://archive.org/details/thringischeges10vereuof]</ref> | Wisenta<ref name="Wisenta">Vide [https://www.bergfex.de/sommer/thueringen/touren/wanderung/1008459,wandern-um-die-talsperre-loessau/ ''Wandern um die Talsperre Lössau''], ubi dicitur "(...) Im Jahr 1071 wird das Flüsschen erstmals erwähnt, das Gebiet, das sie durchfließt wird als „terra Wisenta“ = Wisentaland bezeichnet (...).</ref> | ''Wisenta'' | align="right" | 55 | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Woblitz]] | | ''Woblitz'' | align="right" | 55 | [[Habala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Acher]] | | ''Acher'' | align="right" | 54 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Inda (flumen)|Inda]]<ref name="Inda">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inde_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Der Name der Inde ist als ''Inda'' zuerst belegt für die Zeit der Jahre 496 bis 506 n. Chr. in einer Handschrift des 13./14. Jahrhunderts, welche ihrerseits eine aus dem 7./8. Jahrhundert stammende Kopie der ''Cosmographia'' (4, 24) des Geographen von Ravenna kopiert. Der Ortsname der Klostergründung der Reichsabtei Kornelimünster im frühen 9. Jahrhundert, der zuerst ebenfalls kurz ''Inda'' lautete, erscheint bis 855 als ''Sancti Corneli ad Indam'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Inde'' | align="right" | 54 | [[Rura (Eiflensis)|Rura Eiflensis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Köhntop]] | | ''Köhntop'' | align="right" | 54 | [[Ukera]]<ref name="Ukera"/> | [[Ukera]]<ref name="Ukera"/> |- | [[Rota (Danubius)|Rota Danubii]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Rot<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Rott<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Rote<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Rot'' | align="right" | 54 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Truna (Alzus|Truna Alzensis]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Traun'' | align="right" | 54 | [[Alzus]]<ref name="Alzus"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Vurmicus (Nagalda)|Vurmicus Nagaldae]]<ref name="Vurmicus Nagalda">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Würm'' | align="right" | 54 | [[Nagalda (flumen)|Nagalda]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Elisinza]]<ref name="Elisinza">Vide [http://www.arbre-celtique.com/encyclopedie/alisantia-alisontia-elsenz-16628.htm Encyclopédie de l'Arbre Celtique], ubi dicitur "(...) Nom antique de l'Elsenz, rivière affluente du Neckar (...). Cet hydronyme apparaît ensuite sous les formes ''Elisinza fluvius, sursum Elizinza'' et ''Elisenza'' dans un Acte du roi Otton III, daté du 1^er janvier 988 (...).</ref> | Elizinza<ref name="Elisinza"/> seu Elisenza<ref name="Elisinza"/> | ''Elsenz'' | align="right" | 53 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ferum Bistrice]]<ref name="Ferum Bistrice">Fingitur hoc hydronymum ex adiectivo "ferum" (Theodisce ''Wilde'') et nomine Latino "Bistrice". De hoc ultimo, vide [https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/Zur_Geschichte_der_Besiedelung_der_Dresdner_Gegend Zur Geschichte der Besiedelung der Dresdner Gegend], ubi dicitur "Buistrizi ist der urkundliche, mit dem Flußnamen der Weißeritz (Wisteritz, 1206 flumen Bistrice, 1366 Wistricz) zusammenhängende Name des Burgwards (...)".</ref> | Ferum Buistrizi<ref name="Ferum Bistrice"/> seu Februm Wisteritz<ref name="Ferum Bistrice"/> seu Ferum Wistricz<ref name="Ferum Bistrice"/> | ''Wilde Weißeritz'' | align="right" | 53 | [[Bistrice]]<ref name="Bistrice"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Radaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Rodach'' | align="right" | 53 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Schwarza (Sala)|Schwarza Salae]] | | ''Schwarza'' | align="right" | 53 | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Schwarzach (Alcmana)|Schwarzach Alcmanae]] | | ''Schwarzach'' seu ''Schwarza'' | align="right" | 53 | [[Alcmana]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Steinbacum (Herbipolis)|Steinbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Steinbach'' | align="right" | 53 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Aach Linzgauviense]]<ref name="Lizgauviense">Gentilicium "Linzgauviense" ad Linzgauvia refertur. Hoc de toponymo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linzgau#Mittelalter eius articulum apud Vicipaaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) ''in pago Linzgauvia'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Linzer Aach'' | align="right" | 52 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Alf (flumen)|Alf]] | | ''Alf'' | align="right" | 52 | [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosella]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Brancia (flumen)|Brancia]]<ref name="Brancia">Vide [https://epub.uni-regensburg.de/31392/1/Katalog%20der%20romanischen%20Ortsnamen%20in%20Bayern.pdf ''Die romanischen Ortsnamen in Bayern''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Brenz''', Fluss links zur Donau, mündet zwischen Faimingen und Lauingen (Lkr. Dillingen an der Donau), um 774 ''fluvium Brancia'', < (kelt.) *''Brandisa'' (...).</ref> | | ''Brenz'' | align="right" | 52 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Murrensis]]<ref name="Murrensis">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murr_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Er ist bereits in der Bezeichnung der römerzeitlichen Ansiedlung vicus murrensis belegt, die ein bei Benningen oder bei Murrhardt gelegenes Lagerdorf war (...)". Quo ex vico, fingitur Latinum huius fluminis nomen.</ref> | | ''Murr'' | align="right" | 52 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Nesse (Hursilla)|Nesse Hursillae]] | | ''Nesse'' | align="right" | 52 | [[Hursilla]]<ref name="Hursilla"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Queicha]]<ref name="Remling 1852">Remling, F. X. (1852). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Bischöfe von Speyer: Vol. I. Aetates antiquiores et medii aevi''. Kirchheim & Schott.</ref> | Queich<ref name="Queich">Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=1ikVoFz9F-MC&pg=PA70&lpg=PA70&dq=%22Queich%22+flumen&source=bl&ots=dVXN9_IKSb&sig=ACfU3U3lXPV-apGeopoOVaDcEsxRaPxROw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz9LzMuruHAxWXcaQEHbD9DMoQ6AF6BAgqEAM#v=onepage&q=%22Queich%22%20flumen&f=false ''Atlas novus exhibens orbem terraqueum per naturae (...)''], ubi dicitur "(...) LANDAW ''Landavia'' V. satis ampla & nunc egregiè ''munita'' olim ''Imperialis,'' ad Flumen ''Queich'' (...).</ref> | ''Queich'' | align="right" | 52 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rognitzium (flumen)|Rognitzium]]<ref name="Chytraeus 1593">Chytraeus, D. (1593). ''Chronicon Saxoniae et vicinarum aliquot gentium: ab anno Christi 1500 usque ad 1593''. Impensis haeredum Iacobi Lucii.</ref> | | ''Rögnitz'' | align="right" | 52 | [[Zuda (flumen)|Zuda]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Rota (Danubius)|Rota Danubii]]<ref name="Rota Danubii">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymis oppidis Theodisce ''Roth''. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Roth'' seu ''Roth am Sand'' seu ''Roth bei Nürnberg'' | align="right" | 52 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Snudra]]<ref name="Snudra">Vide [https://www.philol.uni-leipzig.de/fileadmin/Fakult%C3%A4t_Philo/Namenberatungsstelle/NBS_Webseite/Onomastica_Lipsiensia_Band07_Alt-Leipzig_und_das_Leipziger_Land_2010.pdf ''Alt-Leipzig und das Leipziger Land''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Schnauder''', die, r → Weißen Elster sö. Groitzsch. 1104 ''infra Wiram et Snudram'', (...).</ref> | | ''Schnauder'' | align="right" | 52 | [[Alestra]]<ref name="Alestra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Stepenitz (Trabena)|Stepenitz Trabenae]] | | ''Stepenitz'' | align="right" | 52 | [[Trabena]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Trabena]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Welse (Viadrus)|Welse Viadri]] | | ''Welse'' | align="right" | 52 | [[Viadrus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Viadrus]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Alba (Rhenus superior)|Alba Rheni Superioris]]<ref name="Alba">Vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Alb, die''' – 1Alb, Obere~, r.z. Rhein (...) 983 ''ortus Albae,'' 1018 ''Alba'', 1065 ''influit Albam, ad ortum Albae, Alba'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Alb'' | align="right" | 51 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Chambe]]<ref name="Chambe">Vide [https://www.ffw-hof.de/chronik/entstehung-der-ortschaft-hof.html ''Entstehung der Ortschaft Hof''], ubi dicitur "(...) “Cella ad Chambe super regnum flumen“ (Klösterlein bei Chamb am Regenfluss) (...)".</ref> | | ''Chamb'' | align="right" | 51 | [[Regana]]<ref name="Regana"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Eltingmuhlebacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Eltingmühlenbach'' | align="right" | 51 | [[Glane (Amisia)|Glane]] | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Gaspentia]]<ref name=Gr/> | Gaspenza<ref name=Gr/> | ''Gersprenz'' | align="right" | 51 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sinckalta]]<ref name="Sinckalta">Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=8d5lAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA77&lpg=PA77&dq=flumen+%22Singold%22&source=bl&ots=qEiD_QX4Mw&sig=ACfU3U1wTsemX_SdGib3RWUmMUyhhHHpqQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiS3-qvnb6HAxXkVfEDHXWxB40Q6AF6BAgqEAM#v=onepage&q=flumen%20%22Singold%22&f=false ''Jahrs-Bericht des historischen Vereins im Oberdonau-Kreise''], ubi dicitur "(...) Inde ad flumen ''Sinckalta'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Singold'' | align="right" | 51 | [[Wertaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Alasenza (flumen)|Alasenza]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | Alisinza<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Alsenz'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Arguna Superior]]<ref name="ArgSup">Fingitur hoc nomen Latino e nomine fluminis Argunae (Theodisce ''Argen'') et versione adiectivi ''Untere'', "superior-ius". </ref> | | ''Obere Argen'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Arguna]]<ref name="Arguna"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Burchalben]]<ref name="Burchalben">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html ''Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch: ''], ubi dicitur "(...) Schwarzbachs, l.z. Blies (z. Saar z. Mosel z. Rhein). – 1180 Burchalben, (...)" et [https://books.google.es/books?id=I-9aAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA351&lpg=PA351&dq=Burchalben&source=bl&ots=vXYbdT7nPZ&sig=ACfU3U2vjL9nMi7VLCnfIdvQe0tDfpo3tw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiPv6n0x76HAxUMVKQEHVe7F04Q6AF6BAgfEAM#v=onepage&q=Burchalben&f=false ''Subsidia diplomatica ad selecta juris ecclesiastici Germaniae et...''], ubi dicitur "(...) in confinio ''Vosagi'' situm, rivulis scilicet: ''Hermanesbach, Mosalben, & Burchalben'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Schwarzbach'' seu ''Burgalb'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Blesa (tributarius Saravi)|Blesa]]<ref name="Blesa"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Clana (Ambra)|Clana Ambrae]]<ref name="Clana Ambrae">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glonn_(Amper)#Namensherkunft hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Ihren Namen hat der Fluss aus dem keltischen: „Glanos“, das heißt rein und glänzend, oder „glana“, was so viel wie die „Reine, Heilige“ bedeutet. Die Römer haben diesen Namen übernommen. In Urkunden um das Jahr 770 wurde der Fluss mit „Clana“ bezeichnet (...)".</ref> | | ''Glonn'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Ambra (flumen)|Ambra]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Delvunda]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Delvenau'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Deya]]<ref name="Deya">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyach_(Neckar)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Auch in älteren Berichten findet sich die Bezeichnung „Deya“, so in der Topographia Sueviae von Matthäus Merian von 1643/1656 (...)".</ref> | | ''Eyach'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hisne]]<ref name="Hisne">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ise_(Aller)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erstmals wird die Ise im Jahr 786 (''in ortum Hisne'') urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Ise'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Hollerbacum (Morre)|Hollerbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Hollerbach'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Morre (Billbach)|Morre]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Mosacus (Isara)|Mosacus]]<ref name=Gr/> | Mosa<ref name=Gr/> | ''Moosach'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Isara (Bavaricus)|Isara]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Nemaninga]]<ref name="Mümling"/> | Mimilingum<ref name="Mümling"/> seu Mimelinga<ref name="Mümling"/> seu Mimininga<ref name="Mümling"/> seu Mimelingen<ref name="Mümling"/> seu Minimingaha<ref name="Mümling"/> | ''Mümling'' seu ''Mömling'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Nethe (Visurgis)|Nethe]] | | ''Nethe'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Nieplitz]] | | ''Nieplitz'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Nuthe]]<ref name="Nuthe"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Riussaia]]<ref name="Riussaia">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riousiaoua#Etymologisches "Riousiaoua"] apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam, ubi dicitur "(...) Albrecht Greule setzt den Namen mit dem Flussnamen Riß gleich, der in den ältesten Erwähnungen als ''Riussaiam'' (anno 1293) erscheint. (...)".</ref> | | ''Riß'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Salzaha (Rhenus)|Salzaha Rheni]]<ref name="Saalbach Salzaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saalbach_(Rhein)#Namen_und_Definitionen hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Im Lorscher Codex wird das Gewässer 769 ''fluvius Salzaha'' genannt (...)".</ref> | | ''Saalbach'' seu ''Salbach'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Urdefa (flumen)|Urdefa]]<ref name="Urdefa">Vide [http://www.lateinboard.de/topic,4345,-uebersetzung-von-latein-in-deutsch-einer-schenkungsurkunde-vo.html ''Übersetzung von latein in deutsch einer Schenkungsurkunde vo''], ubi dicitur "(...) usque ad locum ubi Urdefa (der Fluss Urft; derVerfasser) cadit (...)".</ref> | | ''Urft'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Rura (Eiflensis)|Rura Eiflensis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ursna]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | Orsna<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Ahse'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Lupia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Volme]] | | ''Volme'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Rura]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Zenna (flumen)|Zenna]]<ref name="Zenna">Nomen homonymo ex oppidulo apud [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=224&cq=Novigrad%20%E2%9D%ACIstrien%E2%9D%AD%20=%20Cittanova%20d%27Istria&lang=de Bavarikon].</ref> | | ''Zenn'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Radiantia]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |} ===Flumina inter 49 et 40 chiliometra longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina inter 49 et 40 chiliometra aut amplius longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Ersene]]<ref name="Ersene">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aue_und_Erse#Geschichte articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Die Erse wird 1335 zum ersten Mal schriftlich genannt (''in fluvio Ersene'') (...)".</ref> | | ''Aue'' seu ''Erse'' | align="right" | 49 | [[Fuhse]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Erubris]]<ref name="Erubris">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruwer articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Die '''Ruwer''' (lat.: ''Erubris, Rubora'') (...)".</ref> | Rubora<ref name="Erubris"/> | ''Ruwer'' | align="right" | 49 | [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosella]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Gennach (flumen)|Gennach]] | | ''Gennach'' | align="right" | 49 | [[Wertaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Hamma (flumen)|Hamma]]<ref name="Hamma">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamme_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird im Jahr 1331 (a flumine Hamma) erstmals urkundlich genannt (...)".</ref> | | ''Hamme'' | align="right" | 49 | [[Lesmonia]]<ref name="Lesum"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Mohelnice]]<ref name="Mohelnice">Vide [https://nlp.fi.muni.cz/projekty/ahisto/portal/book/1244?lpage=84&search=mohelnice Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris Regni Bohemiae], ubi dicitur "(...) Fortasse Žadlovice apud Loštice, a Mohelnice (Müglitz) meridiem versus (...)".</ref> | Müglitz<ref name="Mohelnice"/> | ''Müglitz'' | align="right" | 49 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Nigra Aqua (Mulda Zviccaviensis)|Nigra Aqua Muldae]]<ref name="Nigra Aqua">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo Helvetico. Cui ultimo, vide [https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/000914/2016-09-26/ Neirivue], ubi dicitur "Ehemalige politische Gemeinde FR, Bezirk Greyerz, am linken Saaneufer. 2002 mit Albeuve, Lessoc und Montbovon zur neuen Gemeinde Haut-Intyamon fusioniert. 1277 ''Nigra aqua'', früher dt. ''Schwarzwasser'' (...)".</ref> | |''Schwarzwasser'' | align="right" | 49 | [[Mulda Zviccaviensis]]<ref name="MZ"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Sülz (flumen)|Sülz]] | | ''Sülz'' | align="right" | 49 | [[Agger (flumen)|Agger]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Uchte]] | |''Uchte'' | align="right" | 49 | [[Alend]]<ref name="Alend"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Ussbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Üßbach'' seu ''Ueßbach'' seu ''Üssbach'' | align="right" | 49 | [[Alf (flumen)|Alf]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Bilerna]]<ref name="Bühler">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BChler_(Fluss)#Name articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Die Bühler wird 1024 als ''Bilerna'' erstmals urkundlich genannt (...)".</ref> | |''Bühler'' | align="right" | 48 | [[Cochera]]<ref name="Cochera"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Dreisima]]<ref name="Dreisima">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dreisam#Name articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Die ersten urkundlichen Erwähnungen sind von 864 (''Dreisima'') und 1008 (''Treisama'') (...)".</ref> | Treisama<ref name="Dreisima"/> |''Dreisam'' | align="right" | 48 | [[Helzaha]]<ref name="Helzaha"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Gugelitz]]<ref name="Gugelitz">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A4glitz_(Prignitz)#Name articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Der schriftliche Erstbeleg stammt aus dem Jahr 1259 (''aquam … Gugelitz'') (...)".</ref> | | ''Jäglitz'' | align="right" | 48 | [[Habala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Karthana]]<ref name="Karthana">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karthane#Name articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Erstmals urkundlich erwähnt wird der Fluss im Jahr 1274 (''supra karthanam'') (...)".</ref> | |''Karthane'' | align="right" | 48 | [[Stepenitz (Albis)|Stepenitz Albis]]<ref name="Stepenitz"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Ruma (Layna)|Ruma]]<ref name="Ruma">Vide [https://www.cloeser.org/gewaesser/Gewaesser_Harz_0.8.pdf cloeser.org], ubi dicitur "(...) die Ausgangsform ist aufgrund des erst ab dem 12. Jahrhundert in Form von „Ruma“ urkundlich überlieferten Namens nicht bestimmbar (...)".</ref> | |''Rhume'' | align="right" | 48 | [[Layna]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Stregus]]<ref name="Stregus">Vide [https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/Striegis Victionarium Theodiscum], ubi dicitur "(...) Herkunft: (über Stregus, Striguz (...)".</ref> | Striguz<ref name="Stregus"/> |''Große Striegis'' seu ''Striegis'' | align="right" | 48 | [[Mulda Fribergensis]]<ref name="MF"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Eberbach|Eberbach Radiantiae]]<ref name="Eberbach">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Rauhe Ebrach, l.z. Regnitz (z. Main), 1297 gegen die Ebrach; Eberbach (indirekt z. Unteren Murg z. Rhein), 1355 ripa Eberbach (...)".</ref> | |''Rauhe Ebrach'' | align="right" | 47 | [[Radiantia]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Gliniza]]<ref name="Gliniza">Confer [https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-d&sca_esv=43a98bb4673fd18f&sca_upv=1&sxsrf=ADLYWIIODv_ebdbY2kK1Pfejy7VR1TeitQ:1726352083389&q=%22Glinizam%22+Glems&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwib8b_VusOIAxWBQPEDHRUMCUoQ5t4CegQIGxAB&biw=1280&bih=587&dpr=1.5 hos exitūs] e [[Google|Gugulā]], ubi dicitur "(...) usque in Glinizam locum,. 1172 (Kopie 19. Jh ... Glems, die r.z. Enz (z. Neckar z. Rhein) ... der Glems, GauN. 769 (Kopie 12. Jh.) Glemisgouwe (...)".</ref> | | ''Glems'' | align="right" | 47 | [[Enze]]<ref name="Enze"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Holtemna]]<ref name="Holtemna">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holtemme#Etymologie articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) In den mittelalterlichen Urkunden wurde der Fluss ''Holtemna'' (ca. 1050, 1184), ''Holtempna'' (ca. 1150, 1230, 1241, 1277), ''Holtemne'' (1373, 1378) (...)".</ref> | Holtempna<ref name="Holtemna"/> seu Holtemne<ref name="Holtemna"/> |''Holtemme'' | align="right" | 47 | [[Boda]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Nigra Aqua Hoyerswerdensis]]<ref name="Nigra Aqua Hoyerswerdendis">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo Helvetico. Cui substantivo, vide [https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/000914/2016-09-26/ Neirivue], ubi dicitur "Ehemalige politische Gemeinde FR, Bezirk Greyerz, am linken Saaneufer. 2002 mit Albeuve, Lessoc und Montbovon zur neuen Gemeinde Haut-Intyamon fusioniert. 1277 ''Nigra aqua'', früher dt. ''Schwarzwasser'' (...)"; cui autem adiectivo, confer [https://archive.org/stream/aeltereuniversi00friegoog/aeltereuniversi00friegoog_djvu.txt Aeltere universitäts matrikeln], ubi dicitur "(...) Martinas Sacreiz Hoyerswerdensis Lasatas (...)".</ref> | |''Hoyerswerdaer Schwarzwasser'' | align="right" | 47 | [[Elstra nigra|Elstra Nigra]]<ref name="Elstra Nigra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Villa (flumen)|Villa]]<ref name="Villa">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weil_(Lahn)#Name articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name Weil ist wahrscheinlich vom lateinischen Wort ''villa'' (= Dorf) abgeleite (...)".</ref> | |''Weil'' | align="right" | 47 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray">{{Murray}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Aa Steinfurtensis]]<ref name="Aa Stein">Fingitur hoc nomen ex nomine fluminum Westphaliensium "Aa" apud {{Lexicon Universale}} et ex adiectivo derivato a toponymo "Steinfurtum" apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Steinfurter Aa'' | align="right" | 46 | [[Vidrus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Lacus Yssel]] |- | [[Brienna (flumen)|Brienna]]<ref name="Brienna">Vide [https://epub.uni-regensburg.de/31392/1/Katalog%20der%20romanischen%20Ortsnamen%20in%20Bayern.pdf Katalog der romanischen Ortsnamen in Bayern], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Prien''' am Chiemsee (Lkr. Rosenheim), Flussname ca.1130-ca.1150 ''iuxta Briennam riuolum'' < kelt. *''Brigesnā'' ‘Bergbach’. (...)".</ref> | |''Prien'' | align="right" | 46 | [[Lacus Chiemensis]]<ref name="Chiemensis"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Hassenbeck]]<ref name="Hassenbeck">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenne#Geschichte_und_Etymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name „Haustenbach“ findet sich bereits als ''Hassenbeck flu.'' auf einer um 1620 entstandenen Karte des Kartographen Johannes Gigas (...)".</ref> | | ''Glenne'' seu ''Haustenbach'' | align="right" | 46 | [[Lupia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Pregin]]<ref name="Pregin">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breg#Namensherkunft articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Die Breg wurde erstmals 1152/86 in einer lateinischen Quelle (''apud pregin'' „bei der Breg“) erwähnt, 1234 dann als „Brega“ (...)".</ref> | Brega<ref name="Pregin"/> | ''Breg'' | align="right" | 46 | [[Brichena]]<ref name="Brigach">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brigach#Name articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Der Fluss wird 1084 erstmals urkundlich genannt (''ab fontibus Brichena'') (...)".</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Redniz]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | Radantia<ref name="Radantia">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rednitz#Name articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) In schriftlichen Quellen erschien der Fluss erstmals im 8. Jahrhundert mit der lateinischen Bezeichnung ''Radantia''. Im 11. Jahrhundert wurde der Name des Flusses als ''Ratenza'' bezeichne (...)".</ref> seu Ratenza<ref name="Radantia"/> |''Rednitz'' | align="right" | 46 | [[Radiantia]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sualmus]]<ref name="Sualmus">Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20240406062517/https://s852e6eb4f35541c9.jimcontent.com/ Nederlandse waternamen deel 1], ubi dicitur "(...) De Limburgse ''Zwalm'' is een zijrivier van de Mass, (...) welk dorp reeds in de 12de eeuw vermeld wordt als ''de Sualmo'' (...) a. 1238 als ''Salmen'' (...)".</ref> | Sualmum<ref name="Sualmus"/> seu Salmen<ref name="Sualmus"/> | ''Schwalm'' | align="right" | 46 | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Bigge]]<ref name="Bigge">Vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_XpMOAAAAYAAJ_2/bub_gb_XpMOAAAAYAAJ_djvu.txt Quellen der westfälischen geschichte], ubi dicitur "(...) Ante portam in ipso flumine Bigge (...)".</ref> | | ''Bigge'' | align="right" | 45 | [[Lena (Rura)|Lena]]<ref name="Lena"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Bröl]] | | ''Bröl'' seu ''Brölbach'' seu ''Homburgische Bröl'' | align="right" | 45 | [[Sega]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Delme (flumen)|Delme]] | | ''Delme'' | align="right" | 45 | [[Othmunda]]<ref name="Ochtum"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Hurwinaffa]]<ref name="Horloff">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horloff#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name Horloff leitet sich von althd. mit der Bedeutung horawin = sumpfig her. Weitere Namensformen sind „Hurwinaffa“ im 8. Jahrhundert und „Hurlyphe“ (1263).[4] Der Bestandteil -off gehört zur -apa-Namensgruppe. Alternative Etymologien gehen aufgrund der Nennungen wie „Hurnufa“ (951) oder „Hornipha“ (1183) (...)".</ref> | Hurlyphe,<ref name="Horloff"/> Hurnufa,<ref name="Horloff"/> Hornipha<ref name="Horloff"/> | ''Horloff'' | align="right" | 45 | [[Nida (Moenus)|Nida Moeni]]<ref name="Nida Moeni"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Kirnitzsch]] | | ''Kirnitzsch'' seu ''Kirnischt'' | align="right" | 45 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Malxe]] | | ''Malxe'' | align="right" | 45 | [[Nissa (flumen)|Nissa]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Viadrus]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Ach (Ambra)|Ach Ambrae]] | | ''Ach'' seu ''Bärenbach'' seu ''Gitzenbach'' seu ''Glötzenbach'' | align="right" | 44 | [[Ambra (flumen)|Ambra]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Alba (Rhenus Altus)|Alba Altorhenana]]<ref name="Alba Altorhenana">Fingitur hoc nomen homonymo e fluvio Albā Rheni Superioris. De cuius ultimi nomine, vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Alb, die''' – 1Alb, Obere~, r.z. Rhein (...) 983 ''ortus Albae,'' 1018 ''Alba'', 1065 ''influit Albam, ad ortum Albae, Alba'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Alb'' seu ''Hauensteiner Alb'' | align="right" | 44 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Bega (Wachna)|Bega]] | | ''Bega'' | align="right" | 44 | [[Wachna]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Fossa Nigra (Albis)|Fossa Nigra Albis]]<ref name="Fossa Nigra Albis">Substantivum "Fossa-ae" Theodiscam vocem ''Graben'' et adiectivum Latinum "niger nigra nigrum" Theodiscum ''Schwarzer'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Schwarzer Graben'' seu ''Schwarzer Bach'' seu ''Weinske'' | align="right" | 44 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Holzbacum (Wida)|Holzbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Holzbach'' | align="right" | 44 | [[Wida (flumen)|Wida Rheni]]<ref name="Wida"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lapara alba|Lapara Alba]]<ref name="Lapara"/> | | ''Weiße Laber'' | align="right" | 44 | [[Alcmana]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Laz (flumen)|Laz]]<ref name="Laz">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lossa_(Unstrut)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die ''Lossa'' wird 1140 als ''Laz'' erstmals urkundlich erwähnt. Im Mittelhochdeutschen bedeutet ''laz'' 'lasch, trage'. Der Name ist daher als „das träge Gewässer“ zu deute (...)".</ref><ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Lazses<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Lazs<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Laze<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Lossa'' | align="right" | 44 | [[Onestrudis]]<ref name="Onestrudis"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Mutdaha|Můtdaha]]<ref name="Mutdaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modau#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erstmals urkundlich erwähnt wird die Modua 804 („iuxta fluvium Můtdaha“) (...)".</ref> | Modua<ref name="Mutdaha"/> | ''Modau'' | align="right" | 44 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rotton]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Rotonus<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Rotonum<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Rotono<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Rothemun<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu | ''Rottum'' | align="right" | 44 | [[Westernach]] | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Sura (Salzaha)|Sura Salzahae]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Sur'' | align="right" | 44 | [[Salzaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Wiza]]<ref name="Wiza">Vide [https://www.persee.fr/doc/onoma_0755-7752_2010_num_52_1_1535 Les hydronymes paléoeuropéens et la question de l'origine des Celtes], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Wiesbach''-> Nahe (XII^e siècle ''Wiza'') (...)".</ref> | | ''Wiesbach'' | align="right" | 44 | [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Aa (Monasterium)|Aa Monasteriensis]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | | ''Münstersche Aa'' | align="right" | 43 | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Ilisina]]<ref name="Ilisina">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilse_(Oker)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erstmals wird der Fluss im Jahr 1108 (Ilisina) urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Ilse'' | align="right" | 43 | [[Ovacra]]<ref name="Ovacra"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Lune (Visurgis)|Lune]] | | ''Lune'' | align="right" | 43 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Netha|Netha Indistrae]]<ref name="Netha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nette_(Innerste)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) 1149 wurde der Fluss als „iuxta Netham“ erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Nette'' | align="right" | 43 | [[Indistra]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Primma]]<ref name="Primma">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Pfrimm, die l.z. Rhein (...) super fluvium Primma (...)".</ref> | | ''Pfrimm'' | align="right" | 43 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rivulus Niger Ginsheimensis Rhenanus]]<ref name="Rivulus Niger"/> | | ''Schwarzbach'' | align="right" | 43 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Starzel (Nicer)|Starzel Niceri]]<ref name="Starzel Niceri">Vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_PLE_AAAAYAAJ/bub_gb_PLE_AAAAYAAJ_djvu.txt], ubi dicitur "(...) ad sinistram ripam Starzel rivi (...)".</ref> | Starzell Niceri<ref name="Starzel Niceri"/> | ''Starzel'' | align="right" | 43 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Zuist]]<ref name="Zuist">Vide [https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/Swist Victionarium Theodiscum], ubi dicitur "(...) Zuist (Anno 1180), Scuyst (Anno 1223), Zuist (Anno 1283), Zvist (...)".</ref> | Scuyst<ref name="Zuist"/> seu Zvist<ref name="Zuist"/> | ''Swist'' seu ''Swistbach'' | align="right" | 43 | [[Arnefa]]<ref name="Arnefa"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Augraben (Tollense)|Augraben Tollensense]]<ref name="Augraben Tollensense">Vide [https://documente.bcucluj.ro/web/bibdigit/fg/BCUCLUJ_FG_115352_1907_004.pdf Ente Istorice], ubi dicitur "(...) in rivulum, qui dicitur Augraben, et in rivulo (...)".</ref> | | ''Augraben'' | align="right" | 42 | [[Tollense]]<ref name="Tollense"/> | [[Penus]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Breitaha|Breitaha Cocherae]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Brettach'' | align="right" | 42 | [[Cochera]]<ref name="Cochera"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ennepe]]<ref name="Ennepe">Vide [https://www.gevelsberg.de/media/custom/3061_1280_1.PDF?1571846512 Gevelsberger Geschichte(n)], ubi dicitur "(...) iuxta flumen quod Ennepe dicitur (...)".</ref> | | ''Ennepe'' | align="right" | 42 | [[Volme]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Fedarhaun (Alba)|Fedarhaun Albae]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Federbach'' | align="right" | 42 | [[Alba (Rhenus superior)|Alba Rheni Superioris]]<ref name="Alba"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Feldaha (Weraha)|Feldaha]]<ref name="Feldaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felda_(Werra)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Im Erstbeleg im Jahr 786 wird der Fluss ''Feldaha'' genanntt (...)".</ref> | | ''Felda'' | align="right" | 42 | [[Weraha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Geeste (flumen)|Geeste]]<ref name="Geeste">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) ultra flumen Geeste (...)".</ref> | | ''Geeste'' | align="right" | 42 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Klosterbacum (Othmunda)|Klosterbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Klosterbach'' | align="right" | 42 | [[Othmunda]]<ref name="Ochtum"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Linde (Tollense)|Linde]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Linne<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Linde'' | align="right" | 42 | [[Tollense]]<ref name="Tollense"/> | [[Penus]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Lutra (Danubius)|Lutra Danubii]]<ref name="Lutra">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine Rhenano. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Lauter'' seu ''Große Lauter'' | align="right" | 42 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Naba Pinifera]]<ref name="Naba Pinifera">Fingitur hoc nomen e flumine Nabā (cui vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naab#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Die frühesten Belege sind ''Nabas'' (700), ''Napa'' (885), ''Naba'' (885), ''Nabe'' (1199) und ''Nab'' (1245), (...)") et versione adiectivo praeposito ''Fichtel-'' -ad [[Montes Piniferi|Montes Piniferos]] (Theodisce ''Fichtelgebirge''), secundum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichtelnaab#Name articulum hoc de flumini apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], referente-.</ref> | | ''Fichtelnaab'' | align="right" | 42 | [[Naba silvatica|Naba Silvatica]]<ref name="Naba silvatica"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Piparodi]]<ref name="Piparodi">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibert#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde im Jahr 810 („duo flumina … Piparodi“) erstmals urkundlich erwähnt. Das altbairische ''Pipar-odi'' bedeutet „Einöde, in der sich Biber aufhalten“ (...)".</ref> | | ''Bibert'' | align="right" | 42 | [[Redniz]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sevina]]<ref name="Sevina">Vide [https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/36682 FOLIA ONOMASTICA CROATICA 12–13 (2003–2004)], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Seeve'' bei Hamburg, 1202 ''Sevinam'', 1203 ''vsque Seuinam'', 13. Jh. ''per Sevenam'' (...)".</ref> | Sevena<ref name="Sevina"/> |''Seeve'' | align="right" | 42 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Streu (Sala Moeni)|Streu]]<ref name="Streu">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streu_(Fr%C3%A4nkische_Saale)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name Streu wurde im 8. Jahrhundert „Streuue“ und um das Jahr 1030 „Strouua“ geschrieben (...) Auf einer Landkarte von 1628 trägt der gesamte Flusslauf bis Gemünden den Namen „Straÿ Flu“ (Streu Flumen) (...)".</ref> | Strewe<ref name="Streu"/> seu Strowa<ref name="Streu"/> seu Straÿ<ref name="Streu"/> |''Streu'' | align="right" | 42 | [[Sala (Moenus)|Sala in pago Salvense]]<ref name="Sala in pago"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Utrana (Michelsbacum)|Utrana]]<ref name="Utrana">Confer [https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-d&sca_esv=5f79ce677043d4b2&sca_upv=1&sxsrf=ADLYWILyBcSCkYpeCCX-0ZFbac7ATwZ9zQ:1726433592791&q=Otterbach+%22Utrana%22&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjD_Zqo6sWIAxXQ2gIHHXBaCYsQ5t4CegQIFRAB&biw=1280&bih=546&dpr=1.5 hunc exitum] e [[Google|Gugulā]], ubi dicitur "(...) Utrana 'Otterbach' (...)".</ref> | | ''Otterbach'' | align="right" | 42 | [[Michelsbacum (Rhenus)|Michelsbacum Rheni]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Chessel]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Kessel'' | align="right" | 41 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Elbbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Elbbach'' | align="right" | 41 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Fluvius Sanctus (Germania et Cechia)|Fluvius Sanctus]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> | Zuata<ref name="Zuata"/> seu Zvatowa<ref name="Zuata">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwota_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erstmals wird das Gewässer als ''Zvatowa'' in der Weiheurkunde der Plauener St. Johanniskirche von 1122 erwähnt, darin ist sie Teil der Grenze des zugehörigen Kirchsprengels, des Dobnagaus, und damit gleichzeitig Südgrenze des Bistums Naumburg.[7][8] Ebenso wird die Zwota als ''Zuata'' in den Grenzbeschreibungen des Schönbacher Ländchens von 1181 und 1185 erwähn (...)".</ref> | ''Zwota'' seu ''Zwodau'' seu ''Zwotau'' | align="right" | 41 | [[Agara]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Mesna]]<ref name="Mesna">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mei%C3%9Fe#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Das Hydronym ist in einer lateinischen Urkunde von 1296 als mesnam erstmals verschriftlicht worden (...)".</ref> | | ''Meiße'' | align="right" | 41 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Pene (flumen)|Pene]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Ostpeene'' | align="right" | 41 | [[Penus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Penus]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Pinnau]] | | ''Pinnau'' | align="right" | 41 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Sulzach]]<ref name="Sulzach">Vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_wRssAAAAYAAJ/bub_gb_wRssAAAAYAAJ_djvu.txt Archiv des Historischen Vereins von Unterfranken und Aschaffenburg], ubi dicitur "(...) quidquid ex una parte fluvii Sulzach situm existit de pratis (...)".</ref> | | ''Sulzach'' | align="right" | 41 | [[Werenza]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Apula (fluvius)|Apula]]<ref name="Apula">Vide [https://www.gutenberg.org/files/35900/35900-h/35900-h.htm], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Germany''. Apula, 9th cent. The Appel(bach). (...)".</ref> | | ''Appelbach'' seu ''Appel'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Aschaha]]<ref name="Aschaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascha_(Schwarzach)#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Ascha (ursprünglich: Aschaha, dann: Aschach) (...)".</ref> | Aschach<ref name="Aschaha"/> | ''Ascha'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Swarza]]<ref name="Swarza"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Atulla]]<ref name="Attel">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attel#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Das Dorf Attel wurde bereits 806 als ''Atulla'' urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Attel'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Aenus (flumen)|Aenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Biverna (Amisia)|Biverna Amisiae]]<ref name="Biverna">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | Beverna Amisiae<ref name="Biverna"/> | ''Bever'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Brichena]]<ref name="Brigach"/> | | ''Brigach'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Dune (Wippera)|Důne]]<ref name="Dune">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dh%C3%BCnn_(Wupper)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name (1295 ''Důne'') leitet sich vom ahd. Wort ''tuni'' für 'Dröhnen, Getöse' ab. Entsprechend war die ursprüngliche Bedeutung 'wo das Wasser tost' (...)".</ref> | | ''Dhünn'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Wippera]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ehle]] | | ''Ehle'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Eitraha]]<ref name="Eitraha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aitrach_(Iller)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss tritt erstmals im Jahr 838 als ''Eitraha'' schriftlich in Erscheinung, (...)".</ref> | | ''Aitrach'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Hilaria (flumen)|Hilaria]]<ref name="Hilaria"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Erphe]]<ref name="Erphe">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erf_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der schriftliche Erstbeleg der Erf fand 1234 als Erphe statt (...)".</ref> | | ''Erfa'' seu ''Erf'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Fluvius Nudus]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755">Schöttgen, C., & Kreysig, G. C. (1755). ''Diplomataria et scriptores historiae Germanicae medii aevi''. Altenburgi: Richter.</ref> | Golz<ref name="Golz">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6ltzsch#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name des Gewässers trat erstmals 1122 als „ad aquam Golz“ (...)".</ref> | ''Göltzsch'' seu ''Göltsch'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Alestra]]<ref name="Alestra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Gelbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Gelbach'' seu ''Gelber Bach'' seu ''Gehlbach'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hemisa]]<ref name="Hemisa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emsbach_(Lahn,_Limburg)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die ersten schriftlichen Erwähnungen nennen den Fluss ''Hemisa'' (Jahr 795) bzw. ''Emisa'' (805). (...)".</ref> | Emisa<ref name="Hemisa"/> | ''Emsbach'' seu ''Ems'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hessel]] | |''Hessel'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Mandavia]]<ref name="Mandavia">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandau#Etymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Damals gab es auch einen Zittauer Stadtteil Mandow und eine porta Mandauie = Mandau-Pforte (...)".</ref> | |''Mandau'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Nissa Lusatianus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Viadrus]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Motel (Schilde)|Motel]] | |''Motel'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Schilde (Scalen)|Schilde]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Neffelbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Neffelbach'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Arnefa]]<ref name="Arnefa"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Scalen]]<ref name="Scalen">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schaale#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Schaale wird in einer Urkunde von 1279 als ''Scalen'' erwähnt. (...)".</ref> | |''Schaale'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Zuda (flumen)|Zuda]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Schilde (Scalen)|Schilde]] | |''Schilde'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Scalen]]<ref name="Scalen"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Stederau]] | | ''Stederau'' seu ''Bokeler Bach'' seu ''Röhrser Bach'' seu ''Aue'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Ilmena (Albis)|Ilmena]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Tuistina (Dimel)|Tuistina Dimelensis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref><ref name="Twista Dimelensis">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Arlau (...) prope Twistam (...) Tuistai, (963–1037, Kopie 15. Jh.) (...) Tuistina (...) in Tuista, 1127 in Tviste, 1235 (Kopie) de Twiste, 1240 HG.A.14, S. 419. (Kopie 14./15. Jh.) de Tuiste, 1251 in Thuiste, de Thuiste, 1257 de Twiste (und weitere Belege), 1310 in Twer- ¢ quer-. Duiste, (um 1350) prope tuisten (...)".</ref> | Twista Dimelensis seu Tuistai Dimelenses seu Tuista Dimelensis seu Twiste Dimelense seu Tuiste Dimelense seu Thuiste Dimelense seu Tuisten Dimelense |''Twiste'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Dimel]]<ref name="Dimel"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Tussale]]<ref name="Tussale">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCssel#Etymologie articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Um 1065 wird der Bach als ''Tussale'' (die Brausende, Rauschende, Tosende) bezeichnet (...)".</ref> | |''Düssel'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wipfra (flumen)|Wipfra]] | |''Wipfra'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Hiera]]<ref name="Hiera"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Wirma|Wirma Ambrae]]<ref name="Wirma">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%BCrm_(Amper)#Namensherkunft hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name Streu wurde im 8. Jahrhundert „Streuue“ und um das Jahr 1030 „Strouua“ geschrieben (...) Der Flussname Würm ist erstmals bezeugt als Uuirma im Jahre 772 und später als Wirmiseo ‚Würmsee‘ (910), Vuirama (956/957), Wirmina (1056), (...)".</ref> | Wirama<ref name="Wirma"/> seu Wirmina<ref name="Wirma"/> |''Würm'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Ambra (flumen)|Ambra]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Zurrega (flumen)|Zurrega]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Zorga<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Zorge<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Zorge'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Helmana]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |} ===Flumina inter 39 et 35 chiliometra longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina inter 39 et 35 chiliometra aut amplius longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Aitra (Danubius)|Aitra Danubii]]<ref name="Aitra">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | |''Aiterach'' seu ''Aitrach'' | align="right" | 39 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Andrefa]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Antrafa<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Antrefa<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Antreffa<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Antrift'' seu ''Antreff'' | align="right" | 39 | [[Sualmanaha]]<ref name="Sualmanaha"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Eckbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Eckbach'' seu ''Leinbach'' seu ''Neugraben'' seu ''Leininger Graben'' seu ''Eck'' | align="right" | 39 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Elantia]]<ref name="Elantia">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elz_(Neckar)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die römische Auxiliareinheit „Numerus Brittonum Elantiensium“ beinhaltet die erste belegte Nennung des Namens Elz (...)".</ref> | | ''Elz'' seu ''Elzbach'' | align="right" | 39 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lutra (Glanis)|Lutra Glanensis]]<ref name=Gr/> | Ludra,<ref name=Gr/> Luterata,<ref name=Gr/> Hlutraha,<ref name=Gr/> Hlutra<ref name=Gr/> |''Lauter'' | align="right" | 39 | [[Glan (Nava)|Glan Navae]]<ref name="Glan Navae"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Mittelradde]] | | ''Mittelradde'' | align="right" | 39 | [[Hassa]]<ref name="Hassa"/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Nuthe (Albis)|Nuthe Albis]] | |''Nuthe'' | align="right" | 39 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Owe Bocense]]<ref name="Owe Bocense">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis e hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan" et adiectivo "Bocensis-e". De hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan" vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ], ubi dicitur "(...) Aue, Name mehrerer Flüsse im Einzugsgebiet von Leine, Unter- und Mittelweser und Unterer Elbe, z. B. Aue (z. Ammersbek z. Alster z. Elbe), 1263 ''ad riuulum, qui dicutur Owe'' (...) Aue, r.z. Leine, entspringt bei Westerhof (Lkr. Northeim, Niedersachsen, D), mündet bei Kreiensen (Lkr. Northeim). – 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) ''in flumen Audan et sic per Audan,'' (...)". De adiectivo "Bocensis-e", vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | Audan Bocense<ref name="Owe Bocense"/> |''Bückeburger Aue'' seu ''Aue'' | align="right" | 39 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Rotbacum (Arnefa)|Rotbacum Arnefae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Rotbach'' seu ''Nöthener Siefen'' seu ''Schliebach'' seu ''Mühlenbach'' seu ''Bruchbach'' | align="right" | 39 | [[Arnefa]]<ref name="Arnefa"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Szwartowe]]<ref name="Szwartowe">Vide [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_2TwOAAAAQAAJ Codex diplomaticus Lubecensis], ubi dicitur "(...) quoque in szwartowe a nobis (...)".</ref><ref name="Szw">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwartauhoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam]{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) Die erste schriftliche Erwähnung findet sich in einer Urkunde des dänischen Königs Waldemar aus dem Jahr 1215 (''szwartowe'') (...)".</ref> | |''Schwartau'' | align="right" | 39 | [[Trabena]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Trabena]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Zwönitz (flumen)|Zwönitz]] | |''Zwönitz'' seu ''Zwönitzbach'' | align="right" | 39 | [[Caminizi rivus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Aach Stockense]]<ref name="ASto">Gentilicium "Stockense" ad [[Stockach|Stockam]] refertur.</ref> | | ''Stockacher Aach'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Angel (flumen)|Angel]] | | ''Angel'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Werse]]<ref name="Werse"/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Bobritzsch (flumen)|Bobritzsch]] | | ''Bobritzsch'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Mulda Fribergensis]]<ref name="MF"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Chira (fluvius)|Chira]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].</ref> | Kira<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |''Hahnenbach'' seu ''Meinbach'' seu ''Altbach'' seu ''Idarbach'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Clingbacus (Michelsbacum)|Clingbacus]]<ref name="Kremer 1769">Kremer, C. J. (1769). ''Origines Naborenses sive documenta ad illustrandam historiam palatinam''. Ex Typographia Electorali.</ref> | Klingbacus<ref name="Kremer 1769"/> seu Clingbach<ref name="AETP III 1775">Academia Electoralis Theodoro-Palatina. (1775). Historia et commentationes Academiae electoralis scientiarum et elegantiorum literarum Theodoro-Palatinae: Tomus III. Typis Academicis.</ref> seu Klingbach<ref name="AETP III 1775"/> |'' Klingbach'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Michelsbacum (Rhenus)|Michelsbacum Rheni]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ephisa]]<ref name="Codex diplomaticus Fuldensis">Dronke, E. F. J. (Ed.). (1844). ''Codex diplomaticus Fuldensis''. Theodor Fischer. </ref> | [[Effese]]<ref name="Effese">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efze#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Im Mittelalter wurde die Efze als Effese bezeichne (...)".</ref><ref name="Effese2">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) 240 Effese, 1250 ad fluvium … Effese (...)".</ref> |''Efze'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Sualmanaha]]<ref name="Sualmanaha"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Eschach (Nicer)|Eschach Niceri]] | |''Eschach'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Glatta (Rhenus)|Glatta Rheni]]<ref name="Glatta">Fingitur hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo Helvetico apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> | |''Glatt'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Großer Dieckfluss]] | |''Großer Dieckfluss'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Owe Magnum]]<ref name="Owe Magnum"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Isina]]<ref name="Isina">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eisbach_(Rhein)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erstmals schriftlich erwähnt wurde die Eis in einer Urkunde des Lorscher Codex aus dem Jahre 766, wo sie ''Isina'' heißt (...)".</ref> | |''Eisbach'' seu ''Eis'' seu ''Altbach'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lachte]] | |''Lachte'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Leimbacum (Rhenus, Bruowele)|Leimbacum Rheni Bruowelense]]<ref name="-bacum"/><ref name="Bruowelense">Gentilicium "Bruowelense" ad oppidum [[Brühl (Badenia)|Bruowele]] refertur.</ref> | | ''Leimbach'' seu ''Bettelbach'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Orcana]]<ref name="Orcana">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orke#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird 1486 als die Orcken erstmals schriftlich erwähnt. Die gleichnamigen Orte Nieder- bzw. Oberorke erscheinen in den schriftlichen Aufzeichnungen schon im Jahr 1016 als Orcana. Die Deutung des Namens ist unsicher (...)".</ref> | | ''Orke'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Adrana]]<ref name="Adrana"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Regana Alba]]<ref name="Regana Alba">Vide articulum [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regen_(river)#Etymology hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Anglicam], ubi dicitur " The Romans called the river variously ''Regana'' (feminine gender), ''Reganus'' (masculine), and ''Reganum'' (neuter)". Adiectivum Latinum "albus-a-um" Theodiscum ''Weißer'' vertit.</ref> | Reganus Albus<ref name="Regana Alba"/> seu Reganum Album<ref name="Regana Alba"/> | ''Weißer Regen'' seu ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Regana]]<ref name="Regana"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Russella|Russella Saravi]]<ref name=Gr/> | Musella Saravi<ref name=Gr/> seu Roussella<ref name="Rousella">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossel_(Saar)#Namen hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Ältere Namen des Flusses sind Roussella (1268), Russella, Rusella (1544) (...)".</ref> seu Rusella |''Rossel'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Saravus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sosa (flumen)|Sosa]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Söse'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Ruma (Layna)|Ruma]]<ref name="Ruma"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Vechne]] | |''Vehne'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Owe (Lacus Zwischenahnensis)|Owe Zwischenahnense]]<ref name="Owe de Bad Zwischenahn">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis e hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan". De hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan" vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ], ubi dicitur "(...) Aue, Name mehrerer Flüsse im Einzugsgebiet von Leine, Unter- und Mittelweser und Unterer Elbe, z. B. Aue (z. Ammersbek z. Alster z. Elbe), 1263 ''ad riuulum, qui dicutur Owe'' (...) Aue, r.z. Leine, entspringt bei Westerhof (Lkr. Northeim, Niedersachsen, D), mündet bei Kreiensen (Lkr. Northeim). – 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) ''in flumen Audan et sic per Audan,'' (...)". Adiectivum "Zwischenahnense" homonymum ad lacum [[Bad Zwischenahn|commune Bad Zwischenahn]] attingentem refert.</ref> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Ad Lunam]]<ref name="Ad Lunam">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lone#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) In der Römerzeit wurde ein Kastell nach dem Fluss benannt („Ad Lunam“) (...)".</ref> | |''Lone'' | align="right" | 37 | [[Hurwin]]<ref name="Hürbe">Vide [https://elib.uni-stuttgart.de/bitstream/11682/5853/1/Uni_63.pdf Ortsnamenforschung in Südwestdeutschland], ubi dicitur "(...) Hürbe, z. Brenz z. Donau, 1171 ''de Hurwin'' (...)".</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Agira (Werenza)|Agira Werenzae]]<ref name="Agira">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eger_(W%C3%B6rnitz)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die erste schriftliche Erwähnung findet die Eger im Jahr 760 als ''Agira'' (...)".</ref> | |''Eger'' | align="right" | 37 | [[Werenza]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Arle (flumen)|Arle]]<ref name="Arle">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Arlau (...) 218 silva que iuncta est Arle (...)".</ref> | |''Arlau'' | align="right" | 37 | [[Mare Germanicum]] | [[Arle (flumen)|Arle]]<ref name="Arle"/> |- | [[Berste]] | |''Berste'' | align="right" | 37 | [[Spreha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Bibara (Danubius)|Bibara]]<ref name="Bibara Danubii">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo Helvetico. Cui ultimo, vide [https://search.ortsnamen.ch/de/record/5029908 ortsnamen.ch], ubi dicitur "(...) et inde sinistrorsum per plateam usque Rammesheim in fluvium Bibara (...)".</ref> | Bibera<ref name="Bibera Danubii">Fingitur hoc nomen homonymis e fluviis. De quorum ultimorum nomine, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Biber&f=false ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''] (...)".</ref> seu Biberaha<ref name="Bibera Danubii"/> |''Biber'' | align="right" | 37 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Caminizi rivus]]<ref name=Gr/> | |'' Chemnitz'' | align="right" | 37 | [[Mulda Zviccaviensis]]<ref name="MZ"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Glotyr]]<ref name="Glotyr">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) n valle Glotern, 1297 vallem Glotyri, (...)".</ref> | Glotyrus<ref name="Glotyr"/> seu Glotyrum<ref name="Glotyr"/> seu Glotern<ref name="Glotyr"/> | ''Glotter'' seu ''Glotterbach'' | align="right" | 37 | [[Dreisima]]<ref name="Dreisima"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lethe (Hunta)|Lethe]] | | ''Lethe'' | align="right" | 37 | [[Hunta]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Nuhne]] | |''Nuhne'' | align="right" | 37 | [[Adrana]]<ref name="Adrana"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Raodhaha|Raodhaha Cocherae]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch">Vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Oberrot&f=false Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch], auctore Alberto Greule.</ref> | Rotaha Cocherae<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Rota<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Fichtenberger Rot'' | align="right" | 37 | [[Cochera]]<ref name="Cochera"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Seemenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Seemenbach'' | align="right" | 37 | [[Nidder]]<ref name="Nidder"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Selbitz]] | |''Selbitz'' | align="right" | 37 | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Tribisa]]<ref name=Gr/> | |''Triebisch'' | align="right" | 37 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Ach Cassiliacense]]<ref name="Cassiliacum">Gentilicium "Cassiliacensis-e" ad urbem Cassiliacum refertur. Huic Latino toponymo, vide [articulum huius urbis apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die erste Besiedlung bereits in der Steinzeit ist durch Funde an der Iller bei Ferthofen belegt.^[7] Erste Baufunde stammen aus der Römerzeit. Vermutlich befand sich dort ein kleiner Wacht- und Siedlungsposten. Hierfür kommen zwei Namen, ''Cassiliacum''^[8] oder ''Viaca'' (...)".</ref> | |''Memminger Ach'' | align="right" | 36 | [[Hilaria (flumen)|Hilaria]]<ref name="Hilaria"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Angere (Rhenus)|Angere Rheni]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Angeren Rheni<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Angera Rheni<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Anger Rheni<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Angero Rheni<ref name="Angero">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anger_(Rhein)#Namen hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die früheste bekannte urkundliche Erwähnung unter dem Namen ''Angero'' stammt aus dem Jahr 875 (...)".</ref> |''Angerbach'' seu ''Anger'' | align="right" | 36 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Drahonum]]<ref name="Drahonum">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhron#Namehoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die ersten schriftlichen Nennungen sind: Drahonum (Ende 4. Jh.) Drona (752) Troganus (802) Drogana (949) (...)".</ref> | Drona<ref name="Drahonum"/> seu Troganus<ref name="Drahonum"/> seu Drogana<ref name="Drahonum"/> seu Trogona<ref name="Gudenus 1743">Gudenus, V. F. (1743). ''Codex diplomaticus: exhibens anecdota Moguntiaca, iura, provincias, et adiacentes regiones'' (Vol. 1). Typis Ioannis Baptistae.</ref> |''Dhron'' | align="right" | 36 | [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosella]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Isana (Rhenus)|Isana Rhenana]]<ref name=Gr/> | |''Isenach'' seu ''Morschbach'' | align="right" | 36 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Luder (flumen)|Luder]]<ref name="Luder">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BCder_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde im Jahr 820 (''flumen … luder'') erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | |''Lüder'' seu ''Lüderbach'' | align="right" | 36 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Meisaha]]<ref name="Meisaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maisach_(Amper)#Namensherkunft hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Maisach, 853 erstmals erwähnt als ''Meisaha'', setzt sich zusammen aus althochdeutsch aha ‚Wasser, Wasserlauf, Fluss (...)".</ref> | |''Maisach'' | align="right" | 36 | [[Ambra (flumen)|Ambra]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Milize]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Militz<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Milizza<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Milze<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Milizi<ref name="Milizi">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | ''Milz'' | align="right" | 36 | [[Sala (Moenus)|Sala in pago Salvense]]<ref name="Sala in pago"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Nigra Aqua (Alara)|Nigra Aqua Alarae]]<ref name="Nigra Aqua Alarae">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo Helvetico. Cui substantivo, vide [https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/000914/2016-09-26/ Neirivue], ubi dicitur "Ehemalige politische Gemeinde FR, Bezirk Greyerz, am linken Saaneufer. 2002 mit Albeuve, Lessoc und Montbovon zur neuen Gemeinde Haut-Intyamon fusioniert. 1277 ''Nigra aqua'', früher dt. ''Schwarzwasser'' (...)".</ref> | |''Schwarzwasser'' | align="right" | 36 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Rivulus Molendinarius Fredersdorfensis]]<ref name="Mühlenfließ">Theodisca vox ''Mühlenfließ'' in Latinam "Rivulus Molendinarius" verti solet. V.gr. vide: Hoffmann, C. G., auctore (1734). ''Scriptores Rerum Lusaticarum''. Lipsiae & Budissae: David Richter.</ref> | | ''Fredersdorfer Mühlenfließ'' seu ''Senitz'' | align="right" | 36 | [[Spreha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Rubrum Bistrice]]<ref name="Rubrum Bistrice">Fingitur hoc hydronymum ex adiectivo "rubrum" (Theodisce ''Rote'') et nomine Latino "Bistrice". De hoc ultimo, vide [https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/Zur_Geschichte_der_Besiedelung_der_Dresdner_Gegend Zur Geschichte der Besiedelung der Dresdner Gegend], ubi dicitur "Buistrizi ist der urkundliche, mit dem Flußnamen der Weißeritz (Wisteritz, 1206 flumen Bistrice, 1366 Wistricz) zusammenhängende Name des Burgwards (...)".</ref> | Rubrum Buistrizi<ref name="Rubrum Bistrice"/> seu Rubrum Wisteritz<ref name="Rubrum Bistrice"/> seu Rubrum Wistricz<ref name="Rubrum Bistrice"/> |''Rote Weißeritz'' | align="right" | 36 | [[Bistrice]]<ref name="Bistrice"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Steina (Vutahe)|Steina Vutahis]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Steina'' seu ''Steinach'' | align="right" | 36 | [[Vutahe]]<ref name="Vutahe"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Vilisa (Licus)|Vilisa Lici]]<ref name="Vilisa Lici">Fingitur hoc nomen homonymo e fluvio Vilisā Danubii. De cuius ultimi nomine, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | Vilsa<ref name="Vilisa Lici"/> seu Vilusa<ref name="Vilisa Lici"/> seu Filisa<ref name="Vilisa Lici"/> seu Filusa<ref name="Vilisa Lici"/> seu Filsa<ref name="Vilisa Lici"/> seu Philisa<ref name="Vilisa Lici"/> seu Vilosa<ref name="Vilisa Lici"/> seu Vilusa<ref name="Vilisa Lici"/> |''Vils'' | align="right" | 36 | [[Licus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Wehre (Weraha)|Wehre Werahae]] | |''Wehre'' seu ''Wohra'' | align="right" | 36 | [[Weraha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Bardia (flumen)|Bardia]]<ref name="Bardia">Vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=21&cq=d&lang=en bavarikon.de], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Bardia fluvius:''' Barthe, Fl. in Deutschland, Mü: Barther Bodden (...)".</ref> | |''Barthe'' | align="right" | 35 | [[Bodden Bardense]] | [[Bardia (flumen)|Bardia]] |- | [[Else]] | | ''Else'' | align="right" | 35 | [[Weraha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Glane (Amisia)|Glane]] | | ''Glane'' | align="right" | 35 | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Buckau]] | | ''Buckau'' | align="right" | 35 | [[Habala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Hasela]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Haselach<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Haslach<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Haßlach'' | align="right" | 35 | [[Radaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lutaraha]]<ref name="Lutaraha">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide [https://www.yumpu.com/de/document/read/5481494/sankt-oswald-baunach-pfarrei-st-oswald-baunach ''Sankt Oswald Baunach''], ubi dicitur "(...) Eine erste geschichtliche Erwähnung unter dem Namen „Lutaraha“ fand man aus dem Jahr 853 (...)".</ref> | |''Lauterach'' | align="right" | 35 | [[Filisa (Naba)|Filisa Nabae]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Nibalgaunensis]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Nibalgavia<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Nibalcoge<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Nibulgauva<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Nibilgouwe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Eschach'' seu ''Niebel'' seu ''Nibel'' | align="right" | 35 | [[Aitra (Danubius)|Aitra Danubii]]<ref name="Aitra"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Orlah]]<ref name="Orlah">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orla#Namensherkunft hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird 1192 als Orlah erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Orla'' seu ''Orlah'' seu ''Orlau'' | align="right" | 35 | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Scutara]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Scutura<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Schutter'' | align="right" | 35 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Sevena (Odera)|Sevena Oderae]]<ref name="Sevena">Vide [https://www.persee.fr/doc/onoma_0755-7752_2010_num_52_1_1535 Les hydronymes paléoeuropéens et la question de l'origine des Celtes], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Sieber,'' lieu et fleuve de la Harz, 1287 ''inter ... Oderam et Sevenam'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Sieber'' | align="right" | 35 | [[Odera (Ruma)|Odera Rumae]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Thuite]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Dhute<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Düte'' | align="right" | 35 | [[Hassa]]<ref name="Hassa"/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Wipperau]] | | ''Wipperau'' | align="right" | 35 | [[Ilmena (Albis)|Ilmena]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |} ===Flumina inter 34 et 30 chiliometra longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina inter 34 et 30 chiliometra aut amplius longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Acarse]]<ref name="Acarse">Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20240919231438/http://www.koeblergerhard.de/wikiling/index.php?f=lemmaFull&langType=reviews&lemmaID=3286 Köbler, Gerhard,as in der deutschen Ortsgeschichte, 2016], ubi dicitur "(...) Axtbach (M.) bzw. Beilerbach-Ems, 11. Jh., bei Beelen bei Warendorf, F1-60 AK (?) Acarse, Acarse Erh. Nr. 917 (um 1030) (...)".</ref> | | ''Axtbach'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Aphilste]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Apphilste<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Apphelste<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Apphilstede<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Aphelste<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Appelste<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Apfelstädt'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Hiera]]<ref name="Hiera"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Auma]] | | ''Auma'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Wyda (flumen)|Wyda]]<ref name="Wyda"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Erlenbacum (Michelsbacum)|Erlenbacum Michelsbacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Erlenbach'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Michelsbacum (Rhenus)|Michelsbacum Rheni]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Eymese]]<ref name="Eymese">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ems_(Eder)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde im Jahr 1401 zum ersten Mal schriftlich erwähnt (''Eymese'') (...)".</ref> | |''Ems'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Adrana]]<ref name="Adrana"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Glatta (Nicer)|Glatta Niceri]]<ref name="Glatta">Fingitur hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo Helvetico apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Glatt'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Gotlavia]]<ref name="Gotlavia">Vide articulum [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bad_Gottleuba-Berggie%C3%9Fh%C3%BCbel#Gottleuba homonymo de oppido apud Vicipediam Anglicam], ubi dicitur "(...) Gottleuba was first mentioned in 1363 as ''Gotlavia'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Gottleuba'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Hotepe]]<ref name="Hotepe">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoppecke#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Am Erstbeleg des Ortes Hoppecke von 1113 als ''Hotepe'' wird ersichtlich (...)".</ref> | | ''Hoppecke'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Dimel]]<ref name="Dimel"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Moraha]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Můraha<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Murach'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Swarza]]<ref name="Swarza"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Radegast (Stepenitz)|Radegast]]<ref name="Radegast">Vide [https://mvdok.lbmv.de/mjbrenderer?id=mvdok_document_00002847 Die slavischen Ortsnamen in Meklenburg], ubi dicitur "(...) Radegast, Nebenfluß der Stepenitz, 1188, 1202 Radagost, 1255 aqua Radegast, 1258 fluuius Radegost, 1262 Rodogost, 1310 aqua Radagast, (...)".</ref> | Radagost seu Radegost seu Rodogost seu Radagast | ''Radegast'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Stepenitz (Trabena)|Stepenitz Trabenae]] | [[Trabena]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Roda (Albis)|Roda]] | | ''Roda'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Schleuse]] | | ''Schleuse'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Weraha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Schlichem]] | | ''Schlichem'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Usa (Weteraha)|Usa]] | |''Usa'' seu ''Us'' seu ''Usbach'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Weteraha]]<ref name="Weteraha"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wara (Amana)|Wara]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Waraha<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Wohra'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Amana (flumen)|Amana]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Albis (Adrana)|Albis Adranae]]<ref name="Albis Adranae">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine Theodisce ''Elbe'' dicto. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Elbe'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Adrana]]<ref name="Adrana"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Alina]]<ref name="Alina">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellebach#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Ersterwähnung des Ortes Ellen als ''Alina'' lässt den ursprünglichen Namen erahnen (...)".</ref> | | ''Ellebach'' seu ''Ellbach'' seu ''Elle'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Rura (Eiflensis)|Rura Eiflensis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Antiquus Viadrus]]<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis ex hydronymo "Viadrus" et variationibus et adiectivo "antiquus-a-um". De hydronymo "Viadrus" vide {{Graesse}} aut [https://eshp.ijp.pan.pl/search/results/226313 Elektroniczny słownik hydronimów Polski] (Polonice), ubi dicitur "Oddere, Odere, Oddera, Oddore 992 RudnickiNO 21-3". Adiectivo "antiquus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Alte" vertitur.</ref> | Antiquus Viadus<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus"/> seu Antiqua Odora<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus"/> seu Antiquus Oder<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus"/> seu Antiqua Odagra<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus"/> seu Antiqua Odara<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus"/> seu Antiqua Odra<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus"/> seu Antiqua Odrita<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus"/> seu Antiqua Adora<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus"/> seu Antiquus Suevus Flavius<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus"/> seu Antiqua Oddera<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus"/> seu Antiquum Oddere<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus"/> seu Antiquum Oddore<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus"/> seu Antiquum Oddere<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus"/> | ''Alte Oder'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Viadrus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Viadrus]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Armissia]]<ref name="Armissia">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erms hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die '''Erms''' (lat. ''Armissia'') (...) Der Name der Erms geht zurück auf das römische ''Armis(s)a'' (...)".</ref> | Armisa seu Armissa | ''Erms'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Guldenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Guldenbach'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hache (flumen)|Hache]] | | ''Hache'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Othmunda]]<ref name="Ochtum">Vide [https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110338591.383/html?lang=en De Gruyter], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Ochtum, die''' (...) 1158 ''inter Othmundam'' (lies ''Ohtmundam'') ''et Wisaram'', 1171 ''usque in Ohtmundam'' (...)".</ref> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Heinbach]]<ref name="Heincbach">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hainbach_(Woogbach)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) ''super fluvio Heinbach'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Hainbach'' seu ''Heimbach'' seu ''Wooggraben'' seu ''Krebsbächel'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Woogbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hostrahun (Danubius)|Hostrahun Danubii]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Ostraha<ref name="Ostraha">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | ''Ostrach'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Huhnerbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Hühnerbach'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Gennach (flumen)|Gennach]] | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Hune]]<ref name="Hune">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B6nne#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Um 1230 wird der Fluss als ''Hune'' erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Hönne'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Rura]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ilmede]]<ref name="Ilmede">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilme#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die ''Ilme'' wird im Jahr 1322 (''Ilmede'') erstmals schriftlich genann (...)".</ref> | | ''Ilme'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Layna]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Liuzenaha]]<ref name="Liuzenaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leitzach#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) ''usque in Liuzenaha'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Leitzach'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Manachfialta]]<ref name="Manachfialta"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Lukavica]]<ref name="Lukavica">Vide [https://pdfcoffee.com/ivo-vukcevic-rex-german-or-um-populos-sclavorum-pdf-free.html Ivo Vukcevic Rex Germanorum populos Sclavorum], ubi dicitur "(...) Lukavica— Longawitzi, 1074 (Loquitz) (...)".</ref> | Longawitzi | ''Loquitz'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Lure (flumen)|Lure]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Lauer'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Sala (Moenus)|Sala in pago Salvense]]<ref name="Sala in pago"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Nigrum Packaw]]<ref name="Nigrum Packaw">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide [[:de:Pockau#Geschichte]], ubi dicitur "(...) Die erstmalige Erwähnung des Ortes erfolgte im Jahre 1365 als „Packaw“ (...)". Adiectivo "nigrum" Theodiscum adiectivum ''Schwarze'' vertitur.</ref> | | ''Schwarze Pockau'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Flöha]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Nordradde]] | | ''Nordradde'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Oorana]]<ref name="Oorana">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohrn#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde im Jahr 795 als „Oorana fluvius“ erstmals urkundlich erwähn (...)".</ref> | | ''Ohrn'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Cochera]]<ref name="Cochera"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Radentia]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | |''Schwäbische Rezat'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Redniz]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Tanger (flumen)|Tanger]]<ref name="Tanger">Vide [https://archive.org/stream/thietmarimersebu00thieuoft/thietmarimersebu00thieuoft_djvu.txt Thietmari Merseburgensis episcopi Chronicon, post editionem Ioh. M. Lappenbergii recognovit Fridericus Kurze"], ubi dicitur "(...) Tanger rivus, qui prope (...)".</ref> | | ''Tanger'' seu ''Vereinigten Tanger'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Trebe (Alestra)|Trebe]]<ref name="Trebe">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide [[:de:Trieb (Pöhl)#Geschichte|articulum Vicipaediae Theodiscae hoc de oppido]], ubi dicitur "(...) Das Waldhufendorf Trieb wurde im Jahr 1441 erstmals urkundlich als „Trebe“ erwähnt. (...)".</ref> | | ''Trieb'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Alestra]]<ref name="Alestra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Warme]] | |''Warme'' seu ''Warmebach'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Dimel]]<ref name="Dimel"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Wietze (Alara)|Wietze Alarae]] | |''Wietze'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Wila (Agger)|Wila]]<ref name="Wila">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide [[:de:Wiehl#Geschichte|articulum Vicipaediae Theodiscae hoc de oppido]], ubi dicitur "(...) 1131 wurde Wiehl unter dem Namen Wila erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Wiehl'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Agger (flumen)|Agger]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wissaha (Bregenze)|Wissaha Bregenzensis]]<ref name="Wissaha">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | Wissha Bregenzensis<ref name="Wissaha"/> |''Weißach'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Bregenze]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Abilach]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Ablach<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Ablach'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Boninaha]]<ref name="Boninaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bina#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Bina wurde im Jahr 790 erstmals als ''Boninaha'' schriftlich genannt (...)".</ref> | |''Bina'' seu ''Binastorfer Mühlbach'' seu ''Gassauer Mühlbach'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Rota (Aenus)|Rota Aeni]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Calde (flumen)|Calde]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Kahl'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Cruofdero]]<ref name="Cruofdero">Vide [file:///C:/Users/34622/Downloads/Heidenkeller%20korrigiert.pdf Kultspuren aus der Zeit der Völkerwanderung im südlichen Taunus?], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Der Bach Kriftel ist auf keiner heutigen Karte mehr zu finden, statt dessen läufter unter den Namen Dattenbach, Goldbach, Schwarzbach von den Taunushöhen'' (...) ''Frühe Namensbelege sind: Cruofdero (1043), Kruftelam und Cruftele (um 1250/60), Krüftel (1355); als zugehörige Ortsnamen sind belegt'' Cruftera (780-802), Crufdera, Cruftere, Cruftero (um 800), Cruftero (890), Acruftele (Okriftel 1103), Cruftelo (1226) (...)".</ref> | Kruftela<ref name="Cruofdero"/> seu Cruftera<ref name="Cruofdero"/> seu Crufdera<ref name="Cruofdero"/><ref name="Cruofdero"/> seu Cruftere<ref name="Cruofdero"/> seu Cruftero<ref name="Cruofdero"/> seu Cruftero<ref name="Cruofdero"/> seu Acruftele<ref name="Cruofdero"/> seu Cruftelo<ref name="Cruofdero"/> |''Schwarzbach'' seu ''Dattenbach'' seu ''Goldbach'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Dorsbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Dörsbach'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray">{{Murray}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Dürnach]] | |''Dürnach'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Westernach]] | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Elison]]<ref name="Elison">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seseke hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der römische Geschichtsschreiber Cassius Dio nennt im Zusammenhang mit den Drusus-Feldzügen (12 bis 8 v. Chr.) einen Fluss namens „Elison“ (...)".</ref> | | ''Seseke'' seu ''Sisecke'' seu ''Sesike'' seu ''Zesik'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Lupia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Iazaha (Sinna)|Iazaha]]<ref name="Iazaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jossa_(Sinn)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde ursprünglich Jazaha^[6]und später Jos^[7] genannt (...)".</ref><ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Ios<ref name="Iazaha"/> | ''Jossa'' seu ''Joßa'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Sinna (flumen)|Sinna]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lerna (flumen)|Lerna]]<ref name="Lerna">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hase_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) ''In Lernam'' (786, Fälschung 12. Jh.) ''lerhna'' (um 1320) (...)".</ref> | Lerhna | ''Lehrde'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Luitra]]<ref name="Luitra">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauter_(Rhein,_Gernsheim)#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Für die Lauter wurden auch die Namen Ziegelbach und Luitra verwendet (...)".</ref> | | ''Lauter'' seu ''Winkelbach'' seu ''Ziegelbach'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Melia (flumen)|Melia]]<ref name="Melia">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B6hlin_(Rhein)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) ''iuxta fluvium Melia'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Möhlin'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Murge]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Radolfzeller Aach'' seu ''Hegauer Aach'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rivulus Niger (Falconis petra)|Rivulus Niger Falconis Petrae]]<ref name="Rivulus Niger"/><ref name="Falkensteinerbach"/> | | ''Schwarzbach'' seu ''Schwartzbach'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Falconis petra (Cinzele)|Falconis Petra]]<ref name="Falkensteinerbach">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sala (Layna)|Sala Laynae]]<ref name="Sala Laynae">Fingitur hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Saale'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Layna]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Südradde]] | | ''Südradde'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Hassa]]<ref name="Hassa"/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Aha Goetzingensis]]<ref name="Aha Goetzingensis">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783258481142_A43727966/preview-9783258481142_A43727966.pdf FLüsse der Alpen: Vielfalt in Natur und Kultur]. Gentilicio "Goetzingensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium "Götzinger" vertitur.</ref> | |''Götzinger Achen'' seu ''Götzinger Ache'' | align="right" | 31 | [[Salzaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Brachtaha]]<ref name="Brachtaha">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Bracht'' seu ''Hundsbach'' seu ''Horstbach'' | align="right" | 31 | [[Chinzechun]]<ref name="Chinzechun"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hilda (flumen)|Hilda]]<ref name="Hilda">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryck#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) „Hildam fluvium“ (...)".</ref> | | ''Ryck'' | align="right" | 31 | [[Sinus Gryphiswaldensis]]<ref name="Sinus Gryphiswaldensis">Confer [[Gryphiswalda|urbem]] apud hanc sinum.</ref> | [[Hilda (flumen)|Hilda]]<ref name="Hilda"/> |- | [[Scuntra (Sala Moeni)|Scuntra Salae Moeni]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Schondra'' | align="right" | 31 | [[Sala (Moenus)|Sala in pago Salvense]]<ref name="Sala in pago"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sebnitium (flumen)|Sebnitium]]<ref name="-itium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-itz'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-itium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Rockelvitium]], [[Denheritium]], [[Groditium]], [[Oelsnitium (Terra Advocatorum)|Oelsnitium]], [[Olnitium (Montes Metalliferi)|Olnitium]], [[Racovitium]] apud [[Index urbium et communium Saxoniae|articulum de indice urbium et ommunium Saxoniae]].</ref> | |''Sebnitz'' | align="right" | 31 | [[Lachsbacum (Albis)|Lachsbacum Albis]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Sulz (Alcmana)|Sulz Alcmanae]] | | ''Sulz'' | align="right" | 31 | [[Alcmana]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Veerse]] | | ''Veerse'' | align="right" | 31 | [[Wemma]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Wenne]] | |''Wenne'' | align="right" | 31 | [[Rura]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wolf (flumen)|Wolf]] | | ''Wolf'' seu ''Wolfach'' | align="right" | 31 | [[Chinzechun]]<ref name="Chinzechun"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Alapa]]<ref name="Alapa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpe_(Aller)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der erste Namensbeleg lautete 788 ''Alapam'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Alpe'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Altefeld (flumen)|Altefeld]] | | ''Altefeld'' seu ''Schwarzer Fluss'' seu ''Schwarzbach'' seu ''Altfell'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Slyrepha (flumen)|Slyrepha]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Andolfspach]]<ref name="Andolfspach">Vide [https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftfurdi2185unse/zeitschriftfurdi2185unse_djvu.txt Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins], ubi dicitur "(...) et pratum ad duas carratas feni in Andolfspach (...)".</ref> | | ''Andelsbach'' seu ''Andel'' seu ''Andelnbach'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Abilach]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Aufseß (flumen)|Aufseß]] | |''Aufseß'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Wiesent]]<ref name="Wiesent"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Biverna (Osta)|Biverna Ostae]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Beverna Ostae<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Bever'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Osta (flumen)|Osta]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Branda (flumen)|Branda]]<ref name="Branda">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brendlorenzen#Name articulum apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam].</ref> | Brande<ref name="Branda"/> seu Brente<ref name="Branda"/> seu Brante<ref name="Branda"/> seu Brenden<ref name="Branda"/> seu Brenten<ref name="Branda"/> seu Brent<ref name="Branda"/> | ''Brend'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Sala (Moenus)|Sala in pago Salvense]]<ref name="Sala in pago"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Datze]] | | ''Datze'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Tollense]]<ref name="Tollense"/> | [[Penus]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Dumme Wustrowense]]<ref name="Wustrowense">Gentilicium "Wustrowense" ad [[Wustrow]] refert.</ref> | | ''Wustrower Dumme'' seu ''Dumme'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Iesne]]<ref name="Iesne"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Eberbach (Atulla)|Eberbach Atullae]]<ref name="Ebrach">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis ex hydronymo "Eberbach". De hydronymo "Eberbach" vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Rauhe Ebrach, l.z. Regnitz (z. Main), 1297 gegen die Ebrach; Eberbach (indirekt z. Unteren Murg z. Rhein), 1355 ripa Eberbach (...)".</ref> | | ''Ebrach'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Atulla]]<ref name="Attel"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Eberbach Medium]]<ref name="Eberbach Medium">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis ex hydronymo "Eberbach" et adiectivo "medius-a-um". De hydronymo "Eberbach" vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Rauhe Ebrach, l.z. Regnitz (z. Main), 1297 gegen die Ebrach; Eberbach (indirekt z. Unteren Murg z. Rhein), 1355 ripa Eberbach (...)". Adiectivo "medius-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Mittlere" vertitur.</ref> | | ''Mittlere Ebrach'' seu ''Mittelebrach'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Eberbach]]<ref name="Eberbach"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ech]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | E<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Ehe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Aich'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Erlenbacum (Nida)|Erlenbacum Nidae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Erlenbach'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Nida (Moenus)|Nida Moeni]]<ref name="Nida Moeni"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Feltchrucha]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Felda'' seu ''Katharinenbach'' seu ''Sengersbach'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Amana (flumen)|Amana]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Fluxus Tygelensis]]<ref name="Fluxus Tygelensis">Theodisca vox ''Fließ'' in Latinam linguam "fluxus-us" vertitur. De gentilicio "Tygelensis-e" vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin-Tegel#Geschichte hunc articulum apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Tegel wird 1322 erstmals urkundlich erwähnt als Kirchdorf ''Tygel''(...)".</ref> | |''Tegeler Fließ'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Habala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Gerdauge]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Gherdou<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Gerdowe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Gherdowe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Gerdow<ref name="Gerdow">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerdau_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name Gerdau (1352 ''Gerdow'') (...)".</ref> |''Gerdau'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Ilmena (Albis)|Ilmena]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Gramma (flumen)|Gramma]]<ref name="Gramma">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramme hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Im Jahr 1265 wird das Gewässer als Gramma erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | |''Gramme'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Onestrudis]]<ref name="Onestrudis"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Grindaha]]<ref name="Grindaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%BCndau_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird 1173 als ''Grindaha'' erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | |''Gründau'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Chinzechun]]<ref name="Chinzechun"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Helre]]<ref name="Helre">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heller_(Sieg) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Bereits am 24. Juni 1350 wurde die Heller in einer Urkunde als „Helre“ erwähnt (...)".</ref> | |''Heller'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Sega]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ileda]]<ref name="Ileda">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihle hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird 1114 erstmals urkundlich genannt (''Ileda'') (...)" </ref> | |''Ihle'' | align="right" | 30 | Fossa inter [[Habala]]m<ref name=Gr/> et [[Albis|Albem]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Kander (Rhenus)|Kander Rheni]] | | ''Kander'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ketzerbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Ketzerbach'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Lumme]]<ref name="Lumme">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumda_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die ''Lumda'' wird 1339 als ''Lumme'' erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (...)" </ref> | |''Lumda'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray">{{Murray}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Modenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Modenbach'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Spira (Rhenus)|Spira Rheni]]<ref name="Spira"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Salz]]<ref name="Salz">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) in loco, qui dicitur Salz (...)".</ref> | |''Salz'' seu ''Salzbach'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Chinzechun]]<ref name="Chinzechun"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Schiltahe]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Schiltha<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Schiltache<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Schiltach<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Schiltach'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Chinzechun]]<ref name="Chinzechun"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sprotte]] | |''Sprotte'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Plissa]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Sura (Net Almanae)|Sura Netensis]]<ref name="Sura (Net Almanae)">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine Theodisce. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Sauer'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Net (Almana)|Net Almanae]]<ref name="Altenau (Alme)">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) sursum usque Net (...)".</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Vidaue]]<ref name="Vidaue">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) iuxta Vidaue (...) ponte iuxta Withaue (...)".</ref> | Withaue<ref name="Vidaue"/> |''Weihung'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Wahnbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Wahnbach'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Sega]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wisper]] | | ''Wisper'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Worpena]]<ref name="Worpena">Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20240924125310/http://www.koeblergerhard.de/wikiling/?f=gold&page=3515 koeblergerhard.de], ubi dicitur "(...) Gewässernamen Wörpe (Worpena 1324) (...)".</ref> | | ''Wörpe'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Wemma]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |} ===Flumina inter 29 et 25 chiliometra longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina inter 29 et 25 chiliometra aut amplius longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Clana (Manachfialta)|Clana]]<ref name="Clana Manachfialtae">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glonn_(Mangfall)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name taucht 774 erstmals urkundlich auf (''Clana''). Er leitet sich vom keltischen Adjektiv *glano- für „rein, klar, glänzend“ ab (...)".</ref> | | ''Glonn'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Manachfialta]]<ref name="Manachfialta"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Guta (Chinzechun)|Gůta]]<ref name="Guta">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/krieger1904bd1/0422/image,info Topographisches Wörterbuch des Großherzogtums Baden], ubi dicitur "(...) ecclesia Gůta in decanatu Rotwil (...)".</ref> | | ''Gutach'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Chinzechun]]<ref name="Chinzechun"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hostrahun (Hilaria)|Hostrahun Hilariae]]<ref name="Hostrahun">Fingitur hoc nomen homonymo e fluvio. De cuius ultimi nomine, vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''].</ref> | |''Ostrach'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Hilaria (flumen)|Hilaria]]<ref name="Hilaria"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Ilaha]]<ref name="Ilaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illach#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird im Jahr 1060 (''Ilaha'') erstmals urkundlich genannt (...)".</ref> | | ''Illach'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Licus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Lotzmane]]<ref name="Lotzmane">Vide [https://www.rechtskarten.de/karten/kaufunger-wald/ Der Königsforst Kaufunger Wald], ubi dicitur "(...) ''silva que adiacet civitati inter Gelstram et Lotzmane amnes posita'', d.h. bis zur Gelster im Südosten und zur Losse im Südwesten (...)".</ref> | |''Losse'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Mare Steinhudense]]<ref name="Mare Steinhudense">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. De hoc flumine, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Meerbach&f=false Etymologie der Gewässernamen], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Meerbach'' (...) riuum quendam effluentem de Stagno quod vocatur mare, 1250 mari (...)". Adiectivum "Steinhudense" refert vicinum ad oppidum Steinhude.</ref> | Mari Steinhudense<ref name="Mare Steinhudense"/> | ''Steinhuder Meerbach'' seu ''Aue'' seu ''Bäke'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Marka (flumen)|Marka]] | | ''Marka'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Amisia Sygeltrensis]]<ref name="Sagter Ems">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo "Amisia" et adiectivo "Sygeltrensis-es". De hydronymis "Amisia" vide {{Graesse}}. De adiectivo "Sygeltrensis-es", vide [articulum Vicipaediae Theodiscae "Saterland"], ubi dicitur "(...) Von der Grafschaft Sögel (''Comitia Sygeltra'') hat das Saterland („Sagelter Land“) auch seinen Namen (...)"</ref> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Net (Almana)|Net Almanae]]<ref name="Altenau (Alme)"/> | | ''Altenau'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Almana]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Panca]]<ref name="Riedel 1843">Riedel, Adolpho Friderico, auctore (1843). ''Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis: Sammlung der Urkunden, Chroniken und sonstigen Quellenschriften''. Berolini: F.H. Morin.</ref> | [[Pankowe]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Panke'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Spreha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Rehbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Rehbach'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Röhr]] | | ''Röhr'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Rura]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Schlucht]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Schlüht<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Schlücht'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Vutahe]]<ref name="Vutahe"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Schwülme]] | | ''Schwülme'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Secheimer (Iages)|Secheimer Iagis]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Seccaher<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> Iagis seu Seggaha<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> Iagis seu Sekaha<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> Iagis |''Seckach'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sormitz]] | | ''Sormitz'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Lukavica]]<ref name="Lukavica"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Wetschaft]] | | ''Wetschaft'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wirsenicz (Caminizi rivus)|Wirsenicz Caminizi rivi]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Wersnicz Caminizi rivi<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Würschnitz'' seu ''Beuthenbach'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Caminizi rivus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Wuta|Wůta]]<ref name="Wůta">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilde_Gutach#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird bei seiner Ersterwähnung im Jahr 1111 als Wůta bezeichnet (...)".</ref> | |''Wilde Gutach'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Helzaha]]<ref name="Helzaha"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Zwinga (Albis)|Zwinga Albis]]<ref name="Zwinga Albis">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwinge_(Peene)#Geschichten articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) In einer Urkunde des Herzogs Kasimir II. von 1219 wurde der Bach als „aqua molendini“ (Mühlengewässer) erwähnt.^[4] Die Erwähnung als „''Zwinga''“ erfolgte 1248 in einer Urkunde des Herzogs Wartislaw III. von Pommern-Demmin (...).</ref> | Aqua Molendini Albis<ref name="Zwinga Albis"/> |''Schwinge'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Amisia Sygeltrensis]]<ref name="Sagter Ems">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo "Amisia" et adiectivo "Sygeltrensis-es". De hydronymis "Amisia" vide {{Graesse}}. De adiectivo "Sygeltrensis-es", vide [articulum Vicipaediae Theodiscae "Saterland"], ubi dicitur "(...) Von der Grafschaft Sögel (''Comitia Sygeltra'') hat das Saterland („Sagelter Land“) auch seinen Namen (...)"</ref> | | ''Sagter Ems'' seu ''Sater Ems'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Lade]]<ref name="Lade"/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Bist]] | | ''Bist'' seu ''Biest'' seu ''Bießt'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Saravus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Breitaha|Breitaha Iagis]]<ref name="Breitaha Iagis">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | |''Brettach'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Dumme Salzwitense]]<ref name="Salzwitense">Gemtilicium "Salzwitense" ad Salzwitam refert. Hoc de oppido, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | |''Salzwedeler Dumme'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Iesne]]<ref name="Iesne"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Elera (Net)|Elera Netensis]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Elra Netensis<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Ellerbach'' seu ''Eller'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Net (Almana)|Net Almanae]]<ref name="Altenau (Alme)"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Esse (Dimel)|Esse Dimelis]] | |''Esse'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Dimel]]<ref name="Dimel"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Garda (Nicer)|Garda]]<ref name="Garda">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lein_(Neckar)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Früher hieß der Bach Gartach (988 ''fluvium Garda''), eine Bezeichnung, die sich außer im Namen einiger Orte am Lauf auch in dem des mittelalterlichen Gartachgaus wiederfindet (...)".</ref> | |''Lein'' seu ''Leinbach'' seu ''Schreckebach'' seu ''Seebach'' seu ''Gartach'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hale (Ruma)|Hale]]<ref name="Hale">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hahle_(Rhume)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) ''aquam ... hale'' (...)".</ref> | |''Hahle'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Ruma (Layna)|Ruma]]<ref name="Ruma"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Iutraha (Nicer)|Iutraha Niceri]]<ref name="Iutraha Niceri">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itter_(Neckar)#Etymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die ''Itter'' wird im Jahr 628 (''Iutraha'') erstmals urkundlich erwähnt. Der Name enthielt ursprünglich die Endung -aha, was für „Fließgewässer“ steht. (...)".</ref><ref name=Gr/><ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Yutra<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Iutra<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Iudra<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Euteraha<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Eutere<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Itter'' seu ''Euterbach'' seu ''Itterbach'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lutra (Slyphera)|Lutra Slypherae]]<ref name="Lutra"/> | |''Lauter'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Slyrepha (flumen)|Slyrepha]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Mercene]]<ref name="Mercene">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merzbach#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Bei Röhe wurde eine römische Siedlung ausgegraben, die vermutlich ''*Marcianum'' hieß (‚Landgut des Marcius‘) und namensgebend für den Fluss und die Flur war. Der Name ist erstmals 1149 als ''Mercene'' verschriftlicht (...)".</ref> | Marcianum<ref name="Mercene"/> |''Merzbach'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Rura (Eiflensis)|Rura Eiflensis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Mitrana]]<ref name="Mitrana">Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20241007103209/https://www.bietigheim-bissingen.de/fileadmin/user_upload_stadtverwaltung/newsletter/2022/06_Juni_2022/2022_06_30/Anlage_zur_PM__QR-Naturerlebnispfad_Mettertal.pdf QR-Natur- & Kultur-Erlebnisrundgang Mettertal], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name Metter ist seit der Römerzeit belegt. Die Römer nannten das Flüsschen „Matisa“ und „Fluvius Mitrana“ (...)".</ref> | Matisa | ''Metter'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Enze]]<ref name="Enze"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Netha|Netha Nersae]]<ref name="Netha Nersae">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nette_(Innerste)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) 1149 wurde der Fluss als „iuxta Netham“ erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | |''Nette'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Nersa]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Olef]] | |''Olef'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Urdefa (flumen)|Urdefa]]<ref name="Urdefa"/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Owe Rodenbergense]]<ref name="Owe Rodenbergense">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis e hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan". De hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan" vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ], ubi dicitur "(...) Aue, Name mehrerer Flüsse im Einzugsgebiet von Leine, Unter- und Mittelweser und Unterer Elbe, z. B. Aue (z. Ammersbek z. Alster z. Elbe), 1263 ''ad riuulum, qui dicutur Owe'' (...) Aue, r.z. Leine, entspringt bei Westerhof (Lkr. Northeim, Niedersachsen, D), mündet bei Kreiensen (Lkr. Northeim). – 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) ''in flumen Audan et sic per Audan,'' (...)". Gentilicium "Rodenbergense" ad [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodenberg#Geschichte Castrum Rodenbergum] refert.</ref> | |''Rodenberger Aue'' seu ''Aue'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Owe Occidentale]]<ref name="Westaue">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis e hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan". De hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan" vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ], ubi dicitur "(...) Aue, Name mehrerer Flüsse im Einzugsgebiet von Leine, Unter- und Mittelweser und Unterer Elbe, z. B. Aue (z. Ammersbek z. Alster z. Elbe), 1263 ''ad riuulum, qui dicutur Owe'' (...) Aue, r.z. Leine, entspringt bei Westerhof (Lkr. Northeim, Niedersachsen, D), mündet bei Kreiensen (Lkr. Northeim). – 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) ''in flumen Audan et sic per Audan,'' (...)". Adiectivo "Occidentale" Theodiscum praefixum ''West-'' vertitur.</ref> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Rivulus Niger (Elisinza)|Rivulus Niger Elisinzae]]<ref name="Rivulus Niger"/> | |''Schwarzbach'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Elisinza]]<ref name="Elisinza"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Raodhaha Caeca]]<ref name="Raodhaha Caeca">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Oberrot&f=false Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch]. Adiectivo "caecus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Blinde" vertitur.</ref> | Rotaha Caeca<ref name="Raodhaha Caeca"/> seu Rota Caeca <ref name="Raodhaha Caeca"/> |''Blinde Rot'' seu ''Adelmannsfelder Rot'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Cochera]]<ref name="Cochera"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rotaha (Moenus)|Rotaha Moeni]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Rodau'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Salzbuide]]<ref name="Salzbuide">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salzb%C3%B6de#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erstmalige Erwähnung erfährt die Bezeichnung Salzböde in einer Schenkungsurkunde aus dem 8. Jahrhundert, in der eine Edelfrau namens Adelburch ihre Besitzungen in der mündungsnahen Ortschaft „Salzbutine“ (Salzböden) dem Kloster Fulda überträgt. Im Landfriedensvertrag, den Bischof Wernher von Mainz 1265 mit hessischen Reichsstädten und benachbarten Territorialherren schloss, wird bei der Beschreibung der Grenze im Norden auch der Fluss Salzböde („..., ''et ab illa silva usque ad aquam, que dictur Salzbuide'',...“) (...)".</ref> | Salzbutine<ref name="Salzbuide"/> |''Salzböde'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sinna Angusta]]<ref name="Sinna angusta">Vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Oberrot&f=false Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch], auctore Alberto Greule. Adiectivum "angustus-a-um", quo Theodiscum adiectivum "Schmale" vertitur, adhibetur ad distinguendum hoc flumen suo ex homonymo flumine.</ref> | Sinne Angustum<ref name="Sinna angusta"/> |''Schmale Sinn'' seu ''Hintere Sinn'' seu ''Kleine Sinn'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Sinna (flumen)|Sinna Salae Moeni]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Aa Fera]]<ref name="Aa Fera">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide {{Lexicon Universale}}. Adiectivo "ferus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Wilde" vertitur.</ref> | Alpha Fera<ref name="Alpha Fera">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}. Adiectivo "ferus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Wilde" vertitur.</ref> |''Wilde Aa'' seu ''Aar'' seu ''Ogge'' seu ''Wilde Ah'' seu ''Wilde Aar'' | align="right" | 27 | [[Orcana]]<ref name="Orcana"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Aalbach (Moenus)|Aalbach Moeni]]<ref name="Aalbach Moeni">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''].</ref> | |''Aalbach'' seu ''Ahlbach'' seu ''Weidengraben'' seu ''Waldbüttelbrunner Augraben'' | align="right" | 27 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Barre]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Kleine Paar'' seu ''Holzheimerbach'' | align="right" | 27 | [[Ach Frewbergense]]<ref name="Frewberga">Adiectivo "Frewbergensis-e" vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Cherse]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Koerse<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Kerse<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Körsch'' seu ''Sindelbach'' seu ''Aischbach'' | align="right" | 27 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Elera (Nava)|Elera Navae]]<ref name="Elera">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellerbach_(Nahe)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) ''super fluuiolum Elera'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Ellerbach'' | align="right" | 27 | [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ghela]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Gehle'' | align="right" | 27 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Hamele]]<ref name="Hamele">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamel_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird im Jahr 1309 (Hamele) erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | |''Hamel'' | align="right" | 27 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Lara (27 km)|Lara]]<ref name="Lara">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafenlohr_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Im Jahr 772 war sie in der Markbeschreibung der Benediktinerabtei Neustadt am Main erstmals als ''super fluviolum Lara'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Hafenlohr'' | align="right" | 27 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rivulus Niger Rhenanus Wittlaerensis]]<ref name="Rivulus Niger"/> | |''Schwarzbach'' | align="right" | 27 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Tulba]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Thulba'' | align="right" | 27 | [[Sala (Moenus)|Sala in pago Salvense]]<ref name="Sala in pago"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wevene]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Wabe'' | align="right" | 27 | [[Schuntra]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Wietze (Ursena)|Wietze Ursenae]] | | ''Wietze'' | align="right" | 27 | [[Ursena]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Withaa]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Withaea<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Widaae<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Hvidaae<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Wiedau'' seu ''Mehlandsbach'' seu ''Delmser Bach'' | align="right" | 27 | [[Wemma]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Bära]] | | ''Bära'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Canalis (Rura)|Canalis Rurae]]<ref name="Canalis">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kallbach_(Urft)#Name articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name könnte sich vom rheinischen Wort Kall(e) für 'Wasserrinne, Straßenrinne' (< lateinisch ''canalis'') herleiten (...).</ref> | | ''Kall'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Rura (Eiflensis)|Rura Eiflensis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Cupfere]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Kuppher<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Chupher<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Kupfer'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Cochera]]<ref name="Cochera"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ekkerne]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Ecker'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Ovacra]]<ref name="Ovacra"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Erpe (Tuistina)|Erpe]] | | ''Erpe'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Tuistina (Dimel)|Tuistina]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Extera]]<ref name="Piderit 1846">Piderit, F. C. G. (1846). ''Geschichte der Lippe'schen Lande''. Detmoldae: Meyer.</ref> | | ''Exter'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Hardna]]<ref name="Hardna">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aa_(Werre)#Bezeichnung hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Im Mittelalter trug die Aa den Namen „Hardna“, welcher sich vom mittelniederdeutschen Wort hart für 'Bergwald, waldiger Höhenzug' ableite (...)".</ref> | [[Aa (Wachna)|Aa Wachnae]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | ''Aa'' seu ''Johannisbach'' seu ''Westfälische Aa'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Wachna]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Hasalaha (flumen)|Hasalaha Werahae]]<ref name="Hasalaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasel_(Werra)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird im Jahr 824 als Hasalaha erstmals schriftlich genannt (...)".</ref> | | ''Hasel'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Weraha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Kessach]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Kessha<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Chessa<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Kessach'' seu ''Berolzheimer Kästle'' seu ''Schillingstadter Kästle'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lutra (Nicer)|Lutra Niceri]]<ref name="Lutra"/> | | ''Lauter'' seu ''Lenninger Lauter'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lutturu (Amisia)|Lutturu Amisiae]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Lutteru Amisiae<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Lutter'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Lutturu (Lachte)|Lutturu Lachtense]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Lutteru Lachtense<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Lutter'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Lachte]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Luya (Naba)|Luya Nabae]]<ref name="Luya Nabae">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | Lia<ref name="Luya Nabae"/> | ''Luhe'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Naba]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Naba"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Miele (flumen)|Miele]] | | ''Miele'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Mare Germanicum]] | [[Miele (flumen)|Miele]] |- | [[Mosalbe]]<ref name="Mosalbe">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moosalbe_(Schwarzbach)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde im Jahr 1180 erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (''Mosalbe'') (...)".</ref> | | ''Moosalbe'' seu ''Moosalb'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Burchalben]]<ref name="Burchalben"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Nisa (flumen)|Nisa]]<ref name="Nisa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niese_(Emmer)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde im Jahr 1005 als ''Nisa'' erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Niese'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Emmera]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Othmunda]]<ref name="Ochtum"/> | | ''Ochtum'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Rotina (Itessa)|Rotina Itessae]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Rotene Itessae<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Röthen'' seu ''Röden'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Itessa]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Scherkonde]] | | ''Scherkonde'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Laz (flumen)|Laz]]<ref name="Laz"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Schoza]]<ref name="Schoza">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) aput Schozam (...)".</ref> | | ''Schozach'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Steinlach]] | | ''Steinlach'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Stobrava]]<ref name="Stobrava">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%B6bber#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) ''fluuium qui Stoborov nuncupatur'' (...) ''super Stobravam'' (...)".</ref> | Stoborov<ref name="Stobrava"/> | ''Stöbber'' seu ''Stobber'' seu ''Stobberow'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Antiquus Viadrus]]<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus"/> | [[Viadrus]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Sulmana (flumen)|Sulmana]]<ref name="Sulmana">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulm_(Neckar)#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) ''villa sulmana'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Sulm'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Weraha (Rhenus)|Weraha Rheni]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Werra Rheni<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Wehra'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wieste]] | | ''Wieste'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Wemma]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Aqua Kotitzensis]]<ref name="Aqua Kotitzensis">Nomine "Aqua" Theodiscum nomen ''Wasser'' et gentilicio "Kotitzensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium "Kotitzer" vertitur.</ref> | | ''Kotitzer Wasser'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Lubetowe]]<ref name="Lubetowe"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Aschau (Lachte)|Aschau]] | | ''Aschau'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Lachte]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Au Soholmense]]<ref name="Soholmense">Gentilicio "Soholmensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium "Soholmer" vertitur.</ref> | Å Soholmense<ref name="Soholmense"/> | ''Soholmer Au'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Canalis Bongsielensis]]<ref name="Bongsielensis">Gentilicio "Bongsielensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium "Bongsieler" vertitur.</ref> | [[Canalis Bongsielensis]]<ref name="Bongsielensis">Gentilicio "Bongsielensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium "Bongsieler" vertitur.</ref> |- | [[Bresnica]]<ref name="Bresnica">Vide [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/268003452.pdf Historisches Ortsnamenbuch von Sachsen], ubi dicitur "(...) Beispiele hierfür sind Ortsnamen wie 11. Jh. ''Bresnica'' Prießnitz, (...)".</ref> | | ''Prießnitz'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Elsava]] | | ''Elsava'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Gerstenbacum (Plissa)|Gerstenbacum Plissae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Gerstenbach'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Plissa]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Gimmlitium]]<ref name="-itium"/> | | ''Gimmlitz'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Mulda Fribergensis]]<ref name="MF"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Heimbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Heimbach'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Glatta (Rhenus)|Glatta Rheni]]<ref name="Glatta">Fingitur hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo Helvetico apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Kossau]] | | ''Kossau'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Lacus Tresdorfensis]]<ref name="Tresdorfensis">Hoc de gentilicio, confer scientificum epithetum "Tresdorfensis".</ref> | [[Kossau]] |- | [[Luppa (flumen)|Luppa]]<ref name="Luppa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luppe_(Fluss) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde 1216 als „Luppa fluvio“ erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Luppe'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Muda (flumen)|Muda]]<ref name="Billbach"/> | | ''Mud'' seu ''Mudau'' seu ''Mudbach'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Net Guelpherbytense]]<ref name="Net Guelpherbytense">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) sursum usque Net (...)". Gentilicium "Guelpherbytense" ad [[Guelpherbytum]] refert.</ref> | | ''Altenau'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Ovacra]]<ref name="Ovacra"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Ohe Magnum]]<ref name="Große">Adiectivo "magnus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Große" vertitur.</ref> | | ''Große Ohe'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Ilissus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Osa (flumen)|Osa]]<ref name="Osa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oos_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erstmals urkundlich erwähnt wird der Fluss im 9. Jahrhundert als ''Osa fluvio'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Oos'' seu ''Oosbach'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Murga (Nigra silva septentrionalis)|Murga Nigra silva septentrionalis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Purnitium]]<ref name="-itium"/> | | ''Purnitz'' seu ''Kleine Jeetze'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Iesne]]<ref name="Iesne"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Russella (Albis)|Russella Albis]]<ref name="Russella Albis">Fingitur hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Rossel'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Schmalkalde]] | | ''Schmalkalde'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Weraha|Weraha Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Seidewitium (flumen)|Seidewitium]]<ref name="-itium"/> | | ''Seidewitz'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Gotlavia]]<ref name="Gotlavia"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Smiehe]]<ref name="Smiehe">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Schmiech, die, l.z. Donau, entspringt oberhalb von Springen (Gundershofen, Stadt Schelklingen, AlbDonau-Kreis, B.-W., D) aus einer ergiebigen Karstquelle, mündet südlich von Ehingen (Alb-DonauKreis). – 1298 fluvium … Smiehe (...)".</ref> | | ''Schmiech'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Steina (Mogus Rufus)|Steina Mogi Rufi]]<ref name="Steina Calida">Fingitur hoc nomen ex adiectivo "calidus-a-um" -Theodiscum adiectivum ''Warme'' vertente- et homonymo flumine Theodisce ''Steinach''. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Steina&f=false ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''].</ref> | | ''Warme Steinach'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Mogus rufus|Mogus Rufus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Stillach]] | | ''Stillach'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Hilaria (flumen)|Hilaria]]<ref name="Hilaria"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Swarza Bavarica]]<ref name="Swarza Bavarica">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo "Swarza". Hoc de hydronymo ultimo, vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzach_(Naab) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Bereits 1250 wurde die „Swarza“ erwähnt (...)". Gentilicum "Bavaricus-a-um" Theodiscum ''Bayerische'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Bayerische Schwarzach'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Swarza]]<ref name="Swarza"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Trierbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Trierbach'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Ara (flumen)|Ara]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Tymanize]]<ref name="Tymanize">Vide [https://mvdok.lbmv.de/mjbrenderer?id=mvdok_document_00002845 Jahrbücher des Vereins für meklenburgische Geschichte und Alterthumskunde], ubi dicitur "(...) Temnitz, Bach bei Netzeband, 1232 super Tymanize fluuium (...)".</ref> | |''Temnitz'' seu ''Hellbach'' seu ''Sandfurthgraben'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Plane (flumen)|Plane]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Verse]] | | ''Verse'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Lena (Rura)|Lena]]<ref name="Lena"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Waldaha]]<ref name="Waldaha">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) iuxta Waldaha (...)".</ref> | | ''Waldach'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Nagalda (flumen)|Nagalda]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Warne]] | | ''Warne'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Ovacra]]<ref name="Ovacra"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Wesebach]]<ref name="Wesebach">Confer [https://www.google.com/search?q=+%22Wesebach+et+campo+Gallendal+%22&client=firefox-b-d&sca_esv=a5db118e05c2ad26&biw=1275&bih=280&ei=pZkCZ-SEMre7i-gP-JWo0Q8&ved=0ahUKEwik6-nn9vmIAxW33QIHHfgKKvoQ4dUDCA8&uact=5&oq=+%22Wesebach+et+campo+Gallendal+%22&gs_lp=Egxnd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAiHyAiV2VzZWJhY2ggZXQgY2FtcG8gR2FsbGVuZGFsICJIpzdQ6QNY6xhwAXgAkAEAmAG4AaABmwqqAQMwLjm4AQPIAQD4AQL4AQGYAgGgAsQBwgIFECEYoAGYAwCIBgGSBwMwLjGgB8wI&sclient=gws-wiz-serp hos exitūs] e [[Google|Gugulā]], ubi dicitur "(...) Wesebach et campo Gallendal et termini earum der Speyrer Domkirche (...)".</ref> | | ''Wesebach'' seu ''Wese'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Adrana]]<ref name="Adrana"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Ziethe]] | | ''Ziethe'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Fona]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |} ===Flumina inter 24 et 20 chiliometra longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina inter 24 et 20 chiliometra aut amplius longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Affata]]<ref name="Affata">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afte#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Erstbeleg von 1306 lautet ''inter fluvium Affatam'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Afte'' seu ''Wiele'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Almana]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Berentraph (flumen)|Berentraph]]<ref name="Berentraph">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferndorf_(Kreuztal)#Geschichte articulum de hoc oppido apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erstmals urkundlich erwähnt wurde der Ort unter dem Namen „Berentraph“ bereits 1067 und ist somit einer der ältesten Orte des Siegerlandes (...)".</ref> | | ''Ferndorfbach'' seu ''Ferndorf'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Sega]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Brenza]]<ref name="Brenza">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Brettenbach r.z. Elz (z. Rhein) (...) super fluvium Brancia, (1143) aquam Bretten (...) super fluvium Brenze, lich), /br˛edebax/, 1317–41 an der Brettennun, iuxta (um 774, Original) super fluvium Brancia, (1143) aquam Bretten, (...) prope fluvium Brenza (...)".</ref> | Brancia<ref name="Brenza"/> seu Bretten<ref name="Brenza"/> seu Brenze<ref name="Brenza"/> | ''Brettenbach'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Helzaha]]<ref name="Helzaha"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Chivirinis]]<ref name="Chivirinis">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kieferbach#Namensdeutung hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Bach tritt im 13. Jh. mit der Form ''ad locum … Chivirinis Ursprinch'' („Quelle des Kieferbachs“) erstmals urkundlich in Erscheinung (...)".</ref> | | ''Kieferbach'' seu ''Thierseer Ache'' seu ''Klausbach'' seu ''Klausenbach'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Aenus (flumen)|Aenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Dellina]]<ref name="Dellina">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalke#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die erste urkundliche Erwähnung des Flusses stammt aus dem Jahr 1001. Die „Dellina“ bzw. „Delchana“ bildete die Grenze des Paderborner Forstbannes (...)".</ref> | Delchana |''Dalke'' seu ''Dalkebach'' seu ''Bullerbach'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Dietsulze]]<ref name="Dietsulze">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dietzh%C3%B6lze#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) 1048 noch als Dietsulze bezeichnet, wurde der Name in der Neuzeit zu Dietzhölze umgedeutet (...)".</ref> | Dietsulza<ref name="Dietsulza">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Kyrorsum Dietsulzam (...)".</ref> | ''Dietzhölze'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Dillena]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Erlenbacum Bieringenense|Erlenbacum Bieringenense]]<ref name="-bacum"/><ref name="Bieringen">Gentilicium "Bieringense" ad oppidum Bieringen refertur.</ref> | | ''Erlenbach'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Fehntjer Tief]] | | ''Fehntjer Tief'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Gohbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Gohbach'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Gundbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Gundbach'' seu ''Hengstbach'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Rivulus Niger Ginsheimensis Rhenanus]]<ref name="Rivulus Niger"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Herloga]]<ref name="Herloga">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harle_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss tritt in dem Gaunamen ''pagus Herloga'' um das Jahr 1100 erstmals urkundlich in Erscheinung (...)".</ref> | | ''Harle'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Mare Germanicum]] | [[Herloga]]<ref name="Herloga"/> |- | [[Hlunia]]<ref name="Hlunia">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenne_(Weser)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde im Jahr 1007 als ''in Hluniam'' zum ersten Mal schriftlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Lenne'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Klingengraben (Vutahe)|Klingengraben Vutahense]] | |''Klingengraben'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Vutahe]]<ref name="Vutahe"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lockwitzbacum (Albis)|Lockwitzbacum Albis]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Lockwitzbach'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Lungwitzbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Lungwitzbach'' seu ''Lungwitz'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Mulda Zviccaviensis]]<ref name="MZ"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Maior Strigus]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Maior Striguz<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Striguz<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Strigucz<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Kleine Striegis'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Stregus]]<ref name="Stregus"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Nassaha (Moenus)|Nassaha Moeni]]<ref name="Nassaha">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex homonymo oppido. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Nassach'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Pleisa]]<ref name="Pleisa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleisbach#Etymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Das Gewässer wurde im Jahr 948 als ''pleisa'' erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Pleisbach'' seu ''Pleissbach'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Sega]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Praitahe]]<ref name="Praitahe">Vide [https://texte.volare.vorarlberg.at/viewer/fulltext/VLB0067946/133/ Der Mittelberg. Geschichte, Landes- und Volkskunde des ehemaligen gleichnamigen Gerichtes], ubi dicitur "(...) Hinc sursum per illud flumen ilara usque ad ostium praitahe (Breitach.) (...)".</ref> | |''Breitach'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Hilaria (flumen)|Hilaria]]<ref name="Hilaria"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Rota (Redniz)|Rota Rednizensis]]<ref name="Rota Rednizensis">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymis oppidis Theodisce ''Roth''. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | |''Roth'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Redniz]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Scaflenze (Iages)|Scaflenze Iagis]]<ref name="Scaflenze Iagis">Fingitur hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo apud [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Oberrot&f=false Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch].</ref> | Scaflenzen Iagis<ref name="Scaflenze Iagis"/> seu Scaflenza Iagis<ref name="Scaflenze Iagis"/> | ''Schefflenz'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Surdafalacha]]<ref name="Surdafalacha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dietzh%C3%B6lze#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Unterlauf wird 793 als Surdafalacha (lat. surda ='die Taube') erstmals urkundlich genannt (...)".</ref> | | ''Fallbach'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Kincicha]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wickera]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Wykara<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wickere<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Wickerbach'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wisilaffa]]<ref name="Wisilaffa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wieslauf#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Wieslauf wird 1027 als ''Wisilaffa'' erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Wieslauf'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Remisus]]<ref name="Remisus"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wiske]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Wisicher<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wisicheim<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wisicha<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wiseche<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wiseke<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wyseche<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Wieseck'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray">{{Murray}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Achaza]]<ref name="Achaza">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echaz#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird 938 als Achaza erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Echaz'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Alara Parva]]<ref name="Alara Parva">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine maiore. Cui ultimo, vide articulum [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aller_(Germany) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Anglicam], ubi dicitur "The river's name, which was recorded in 781 as ''Alera'', in 803 as ''Elera'', in 1096 as ''Alara'' (...)". Adiectivo "parvus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Kleine" vertitur.</ref> | Alera Parva<ref name="Alara Parva"/> seu Elera Parva<ref name="Alara Parva"/> | ''Kleine Aller'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Alinde]]<ref name="Alinde">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elte_(Fluss)#Namen hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der erste Namensbeleg ist ''Alinde'' (1014) und im späteren Mittelalter wird er als „ellna“ bezeichnet (...) wurde erstmals 1075 „in Elenen“ erwähnt. 1121 war bereits von einer „capella in Elnde“ die Rede. 1138 wurde er als „Elendi“ und 1304 als „in Elende“ benannt (...)".</ref> | Ellna<ref name="Alinde"/> seu Elenen<ref name="Alinde"/> seu Elnde<ref name="Alinde"/> seu Elendi<ref name="Alinde"/> seu Elende<ref name="Alinde"/> | ''Elte'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Weraha|Weraha Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Ambera]]<ref name=Gr/> | Ambra<ref name=Gr/> | ''Ammer'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Boda Calida]]<ref name="Boda Calida">Fingitur hoc nomen ex adiectivo "calidus-a-um" -Theodiscum adiectivum ''Warme'' vertente- et homonymo flumine Theodisce ''Bode''. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Warme Bode'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Boda]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Garthe]]<ref name="Garthe">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garte#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die ''Garte'' wird im Jahr 1325 erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (meatus fluuij … ''Garthe'') (...)".</ref> | | ''Garte'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Layna]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Gisala]]<ref name="Meibom 1688">Meibom, Henrico, auctore (1688); ''Rerum Germanicarum Scriptores''. Helmaestadii: Typis & sumtibus Georgii Wolffgangi Hammii.</ref> | Geysla<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Geizle<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu [[Geisla]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Geisel'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Klia]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Henne (flumen)|Henne]] | |''Henne'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Rura]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Holzape]] | | ''Holzape'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Dimel]]<ref name="Dimel"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Hombacum (Othmunda)|Hombacum Othmundae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Hombach'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Othmunda]]<ref name="Ochtum"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Iachna]]<ref name="Iachna">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jachen#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss Jachen wird 1313 als Jachna (...)".</ref> | | ''Jachen'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Isara (Bavaricus)|Isara]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Iazaha (Fuldaha)|Iazaha Fuldahae]]<ref name="Iazaha Fuldahae">Fingitur hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo. Homonymo de flumine, vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jossa_(Sinn)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde ursprünglich Jazaha^[6]und später Jos^[7] genannt (...)".</ref><ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Jossa'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Lara (23 km)|Lara]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Lohr'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Medemahem]]<ref name="Medemahem">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medem_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die erste schriftliche Erwähnung gab es im Jahr 860 als ''Medemahem'' (...)".</ref> | |''Medem'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Niusta]]<ref name="Niusta">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BCst#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde 980 als ''Niusta'' erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Nüst'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Huna]]<ref name="Huna"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Sehma (flumen)|Sehma]] | | ''Sehma'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Schapa (flumen)|Schapa]]<ref name="Schapa"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Steinebacum (Chinzechun)|Steinebacum Chinzechunis]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Steinebach'' seu ''Steinaubach'' seu ''Steineaubach'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Chinzechun]]<ref name="Chinzechun"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Umlach]] | |''Umlach'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Riussaia]]<ref name="Riussaia"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Uotenbach]]<ref name="Outenbach">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odenbach_(Glan)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der namensgleiche Ort Odenbach wurde 841 als Uotenbach erstmals urkundlich genannt (...)".</ref> | | ''Odenbach'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Glan (Nava)|Glan Navae]]<ref name="Glan Navae"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wickriede]] | | ''Wickriede'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Owe Magnum]]<ref name="Owe Magnum"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Ascafa]]<ref name="Ascafa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aschaff#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der ursprüngliche Name Ascafa (980) (...)".</ref> | | ''Aschaff'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Awinpach (Lara)|Awinpach Larae]]<ref name="Awinpach Larae">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''].</ref> | |''Aubach'' seu ''Wiesenbach'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Lara (23 km)|Lara]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Bibers]]<ref name="Bibers">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibers#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(„in ripa … Bibers“) (...)".</ref> | |''Bibers'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Cochera]]<ref name="Cochera"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Blavius]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | | ''Blau'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Bomlitium]]<ref name="-itium"/> | | ''Bomlitz'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Böhme (flumen)|Böhme]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Dickelsbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Dickelsbach'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Elbena]]<ref name="Elbena">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbbach_(Sieg) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) ''usque in Elbenam'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Elbbach'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Sega]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Endert]] | | ''Endert'' seu ''Endertbach'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosella]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Finkenbacum (Laxbacum)|Finkenbacum Laxbacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Finkenbach'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Laxbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Fliedina]]<ref name="Fliedina">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fliede#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) In den ersten schriftlichen Erwähnungen aus dem 9. Jahrhundert wird der Fluss ''Fliedina'' genannt (...)".</ref> | |''Fliede'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Geysaha]]<ref name="Geysaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geisbach#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erstmals schriftlich genannt wird der ''Geisbach'' in einer gefälschten Urkunde, die vor dem Jahr 1057 erstellt wurde. In dieser wird der Fluss als ''Geysaha'' bezeichne (...)".</ref> | | ''Geisbach'' seu ''Geis'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Grintahe]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Gerffe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Grintiffa<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Grintafo<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Grintafus<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Grintafum<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Grintifa<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Grenff'' seu ''Grenf'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Sualmanaha]]<ref name="Sualmanaha"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Hiedraha]]<ref name="Hiedraha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idarbach_(Nahe)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die erste schriftliche Erwähnung fand im Jahr 897 (''Hiedraha'') statt (...)".</ref> | | ''Idarbach'' seu ''Idar'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Iatha]]<ref name="Iatha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jade_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Das Wort ''Jade'' (1314: ''Jatha'') ist schwer zu deuten (...)".</ref> | | ''Jade'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Sinus Iathae]]<ref name="Iatha"/> | [[Iatha]]<ref name="Iatha"/> |- | [[Kropsbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Kropsbach'' seu ''Krebsbach'' seu ''Altenbach'' seu ''Mühlbachgraben'' seu ''Schlaggraben'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Spira (Rhenus)|Spira Rheni]]<ref name="Spira"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lamma]]<ref name="Lamma">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamme_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die erste schriftliche Nennung erfolgte im Jahr 1065 als ''Lamma'' (...)".</ref> | |''Lamme'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Indistra]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref><ref name="Indistra"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Lee (Vidrus)|Lee]] | | ''Lee'' seu ''Kleine Lee" | align="right" | 22 | [[Vidrus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Lacus Yssel]] |- | [[Livianum]]<ref name="Livianum">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leibi#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name geht wohl auf einen römischen Ortsnamen Līviānum mit der Bedeutung (...)".</ref> | | ''Leibi'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Longna]]<ref name="Longna">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laugna_(Fluss)#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der ursprüngliche keltische Name „Longna“ wurde von den römischen Besatzern (15 v. Chr.) übernommen.[3] Um 890 wird der Fluss als ''Logena'' erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | Logena |''Laugna'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Duria (Danubius)|Duria Danubii]]<ref name="Duria"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Lutra (Bunaha)|Lutra Bunahae]]<ref name="Lutra"/> | | ''Lauter'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Bunaha (flumen)|Bunaha]]<ref name="Bunaha"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Malefinkbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Malefinkbach'' seu ''Malefink'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Rura (Eiflensis)|Rura Eiflensis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Mittweida Magna]]<ref name="Große">Adiectivo "magnus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Große" vertitur.</ref> | | ''Große Mittweida'' seu ''Mitteweida'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Nigra Aqua (Mulda Zviccaviensis)|Nigra Aqua Muldae]]<ref name="Nigra Aqua"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Morre (Billbach)|Morre]] | | ''Morre'' seu ''Saubach'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Billbach (Muda)|Billbach]]<ref name="Billbach"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Mota (flumen)|Mota]]<ref name="Mota">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehe#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) 786 wird der Fluss als ''Motam'' erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | |''Mehe'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Osta (flumen)|Osta]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Murga (Nigra silva meridionalis)|Murga Nigra Silvae Meridionalis]]<ref name=Gr/> | |''Murg'' seu ''Hauensteiner Murg'' seu ''Obere Murg'' seu ''Murgbach'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Na de Owe]]<ref name="Na de Owe">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostenau#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Die ersten schriftlichen Namensbelege des Gewässers sind „na de Owe“ (1512) (...)".</ref> | | ''Ostenau'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Arle (flumen)|Arle]]<ref name="Arle"/> | [[Arle (flumen)|Arle]]<ref name="Arle"/> |- | [[Natergowe]]<ref name="Natergowe">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notter_(Unstrut)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Flussname erscheint erstmals im Jahr 997 als Gauname ''Natergowe'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Notter'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Onestrudis]]<ref name="Onestrudis"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Nava (Schleuse)|Nava Schleusensis]]<ref name="Nava Schleusensis">Fingitur hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo Rhenano. Hoc de ultimo, vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahe_(Rhein) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Die '''Nahe''' (lateinisch ''Nava'', ursprünglich keltisch ''Wilder Fluss'') (...)".</ref> | | ''Nahe'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Schleuse]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Nigra Aqua (Presnitium)|Nigra Aqua Presnitzensis]]<ref name="Nigra Aqua Presnitzensis">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo Helvetico. Cui ultimo, vide [https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/000914/2016-09-26/ Neirivue], ubi dicitur "Ehemalige politische Gemeinde FR, Bezirk Greyerz, am linken Saaneufer. 2002 mit Albeuve, Lessoc und Montbovon zur neuen Gemeinde Haut-Intyamon fusioniert. 1277 ''Nigra aqua'', früher dt. ''Schwarzwasser'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Schwarzwasser'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Presnitium (flumen)|Presnitium]]<ref name="-itium"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Nyeste]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Nieste'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Radaha Fera]]<ref name="Radaha Fera">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}. Adiectivo "ferus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Wilde" vertitur.</ref> | | ''Wilde Rodach'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Radaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rotbacum (Rhenus)|Rotbacum Rheni]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Rotbach'' seu ''Vennbach'' seu ''Ebersbach'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rotina (Mulda Zviccaviensis)|Rotina Muldae Zviccaviensis]]<ref name="Rotina Muldae Zviccaviensis">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis ex hydronymis "Rotina" seu "Rotene". His de hydronymis, vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Rödelbach Steinach (Lkr. Sonneberg, Thüringen, D), mündet in Rödental (Lkr. Coburg, Bayern). – /rü5dn/, ON. Mönchröden (Stadt Rödental, Lkr. Coburg), 1108 (Kopie 12. Jh.) Rotina, 1171 Rotene (...)".</ref> | Rotene Muldae Zviccaviensis | ''Rödelbach'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Mulda Zviccaviensis]]<ref name="MZ"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Savus Ferus]]<ref name="Savus Ferus">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex paronymo flumine etymologice relato [[Savus|Savo]] seu Sao. Cui ultimo, vide [[:de:Wilde Sau (Fluss)#Name]], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name ist wahrscheinlich slawischen Ursprungs, was auch die Namen benachbarter Elbezuflüsse nahelegen. Es könnte dieselbe sprachliche Wurzel wie bei dem Donauzufluss Sava/Save zugrunde liegen (...)". "Savus" est versio Latina Theodisci hydronymi ''Save''. Adiectivo "parvus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum ''Kleine'' vertiturAdiectivo "ferus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Wilde" vertitur.</ref> | Saus Ferus<ref name="Savus Ferus"/> | ''Wilde Sau'' seu ''Saubach'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Sechta Unterschneidheimensis]]<ref name="Unterschneidheimensis">Gentilicium "Unterschneidheimensis" ad oppidum [[Unterschneidheim]] refertur.</ref> | |''Schneidheimer Sechta'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Agira (Werenza)|Agira Werenzae]]<ref name="Agira"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Seebacum (Radiantia)|Seebacum Radiantiae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Canalis inter Moenum et Danubium]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Steinhaha (Neckarsteinach)|Steinhaha Neckarsteinachensis]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Steinaha Neckarsteinachensis<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Steinach'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sulaha (Weraha)|Sulaha Werahae]]<ref name="Sulaha">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Suhl, l.z. Werra (...) in fluvium Sulaha (...)".</ref> | | ''Suhl'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Weraha|Weraha Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Sydene]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Siede'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Owe Magnum]]<ref name="Owe Magnum"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Watter]] | |''Watter'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Tuistina (Dimel)|Tuistina]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Wida (Zurrega)|Wida Zurregae]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Wieda'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Zurrega (flumen)|Zurrega]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Zaberkou]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Zabernahgouwe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Zabernogovi<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Zaberenkowe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Zaber'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ahbacum (Ara)|Ahbacum Arae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | Alia nomina | ''Ahbach'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Ara (flumen)|Ara]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ana (flumen)|Ána]]<ref name="Ana">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahne_(Fulda)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Der Erstbeleg des Namens stammt aus dem Jahr 1154 ''fluvium Ána'' (...)".</ref> | |''Ahne'' seu ''Ahna'' seu ''Ahnabach'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Ardaha]]<ref name="Ardaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aar_(Dill)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Im Althochdeutschen noch als Ardaha (Erwähnung 856) bezeichnet, (...)".</ref> | |''Aar'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Dillena]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Asdorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> | |''Asdorf'' seu ''Asdorfer Bach'' seu ''Weibe'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Sega]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Beke]] | |''Beke'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Warnou]]<ref name="Warnou"/> | [[Warnou]]<ref name="Warnou"/> |- | [[Beysa]]<ref name="Beysa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beise_(Fulda)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird 1521 erstmals urkundlich genannt (''Beysa'') (...)".</ref> | |''Beise'' seu ''Beisebach'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Chinzechun Parvum]]<ref name="Chinzechun Parvum">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinzig_(Rhein)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) 1099: ''ad Chinzechun; ad aliam Chinzichun''[6] 1128: ''flumen'' [Fluss] ''Kinzicha, flumen Kynzichun, ad aliam Kynzicham'' (...)" Adiectivo "parvus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Kleine" vertitur.</ref> | Chinzichun Parvum<ref name="Chinzechun Parvum"/> seu Kinzicha Parva<ref name="Chinzechun Parvum"/> seu Kynzichun Parvum<ref name="Chinzechun Parvum"/> seu Kynzicha Parva<ref name="Chinzechun Parvum"/> |''Kleine Kinzig'' seu ''Reinerzau'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Chinzechun]]<ref name="Chinzechun"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Demester]]<ref name="Demester">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emster_Kanal#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die mittelalterlichen Bezeichnungen für das Gewässer waren ''Demester'' (1351), ''Dempstar'' (1374), ''Demster'' (1380) und ''deinster'' (1441/45) (...)".</ref> | Dempstar seu Demster seu Deinster |''Emster Kanal'' seu ''Emster Gewässer'' seu ''Emster'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Habala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Elsanpah]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Elsinpah<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Elsenbach<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Elsenpach<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Elsinbach<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Kaiserbach'' seu ''Kappelbach'' seu ''Elsenbach'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Clingbacus (Michelsbacum)|Clingbacus]]<ref name="Kremer 1769"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Gilse]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Gilsa'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Sualmanaha]]<ref name="Sualmanaha"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Kerkerbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Kerkerbach'' seu ''Hüttenbach'' seu ''Fensterbach'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lossa (Mulda)|Lossa]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Lossa'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Mulda|Mulda Albis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Muche]]<ref name="Muche">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauch_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird 1293 als Muche erstmals urkundlich erwähn (...)".</ref> | |''Mauch'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Agira (Werenza)|Agira Werenzae]]<ref name="Agira"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Nau]] | |''Nau'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Odeborn]] | | ''Odeborn'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Adrana]]<ref name="Adrana"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Phiopha]]<ref name="Phiopha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfieffe_(Fulda)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der gleichnamige Ort Pfieffe wird 1037 als ''Phiopha'' erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Pfieffe'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Pöhlwasser]] | |''Pöhlwasser'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Mittweida Magna]]<ref name="Große"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Prime]]<ref name="Prime">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prim_(Neckar)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) („iuxta aquam … Prime“) (...)".</ref> | |''Prim'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Radau]]<ref name="Radau">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radau_(Fluss)#Etymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erwähnt wurde der Fluss 1308 bzw. 1325 als ''Radowe'', 1570 als ''Radow'', 1578 als ''Radaw'' und ebenfalls 1578 als ''Radau'' (...)".</ref> | Radowe seu Radow seu Radaw |''Radau'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Ovacra]]<ref name="Ovacra"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Rodawe]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Rodau'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Withaa]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Rotach (Werenza)|Rotach Werenzae]] | | ''Rotach'' seu ''Rotbach'' seu ''Rothach'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Werenza]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Ruda (flumen)|Ruda]]<ref name="Ruda">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rauda_(Fluss) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Das Gewässer wurde im Jahr 1266 als ''Ruda'' erstmals schriftlich genannt (...)".</ref> | |''Rauda'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Alestra]]<ref name="Alestra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Rysele]]<ref name="Rysele">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aa_(Nethe)#Historische_Namen hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Die ''Aa'' hatte im Mittelalter den Namen ''Riesel''. So erscheint sie in ihrem ersten schriftlichen Beleg von 1326 als „in fluvius … Rysele“, (...)".</ref> | |''Aa'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Nethe (Visurgis)|Nethe]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Sall (flumen)|Sall]] | |''Sall'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Cochera]]<ref name="Cochera"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sulzaha]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Solza<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Sulza<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Solz'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Suntraha]]<ref name="Suntraha">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Sontra (Werdorf, synkopiert > *Sorsdorf, vereinfacht > *S¯osdorf. – ra-Meißner-Kreis), 1232 Suntraha, 1269 Suntrahe, Sperber, HG.A.5, S. 90. 1271 Sunthra, 1273 Suntra (und weitere Belege), 14. Jh. Sontra (...)".</ref> | Suntrahe<ref name="Suntraha"/> seu Sunthra<ref name="Suntraha"/> seu Suntra<ref name="Suntraha"/> seu Sontra<ref name="Suntraha"/> |''Sontra'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Wehre (Weraha)|Wehre Werahae]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Terueke]]<ref name="Terueke">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarpenbek#Namensherkunft hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die ältesten überlieferten urkundlichen Erwähnungen des Gewässers sind ''Terueke'' (1245 und 1263), ''Terveke'' (1266) und ''Terweke'' (1325), was sich über ''Tarwe'' zu ''Tarpe'' entwickelte (...)".</ref> | Terveke<ref name="Terueke"/> seu Terweke<ref name="Terueke"/> |''Tarpenbek'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Alstria]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Thidela]]<ref name="Thidela">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deilbach#Etymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Die ersten schriftlichen Belege des Deilbachs sind Thidela (875) und Thithelam (11. Jh.) (...)".</ref> | Thithela<ref name="Thidela"/> |''Deilbach'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Rura]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Trotzbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Trotzbach'' seu ''Schledde'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Lupia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wissaha (Tegarinseo)|Wissaha Tegarinseonensis]]<ref name="Wissaha">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | Wissha<ref name="Wissaha"/> |''Weißach'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Tegarinseo]]<ref name="Tegernsee">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tegernsee#Namensgebung hoc de lacū apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name des Sees ist erstmals in der Form Tegarinseo aus dem Jahr 796 überliefert, als die fürstlichen Brüder Oatkar und Adalbert ein Kloster am tegarin seo, das ist althochdeutsch und heißt großer See, gründeten (...)".</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Bada (Wippera)|Bada Wipperae]]<ref name="Bada">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bode_(Wipper)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Der Erstbeleg ist aus dem Jahr 749 (''Bada'') (...)".</ref> | |''Bode'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Wippera (Onestrudis)|Wippera]]<ref name="Wippera Onestrudis"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Barnitium]]<ref name="-itium"/> | |''Barnitz'' seu ''Sult'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Horbinstenon]]<ref name="Beste">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beste hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Urkundlich wurde der Fluss erstmals bereits 1075 als ''Horbinstenon'' in einer Beschreibung des Limes Saxoniae erwähnt (...) Die erste schriftliche Erwähnung des Flusses fand 1263 als ''Bestene'' statt (...)".</ref> | [[Trabena]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Grobion]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Grob<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Verlorenwasser'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Buckau]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Hora (Aphilste)|Hora Aphilstensis]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Ora Aphilstensis<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Ohra'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Aphilste]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Hospira]]<ref name="Hospira">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hochspeyerbach#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der mittelalterliche Name ''Hospira'' des Hochspeyerbachs ist bereits im 10. Jahrhundert nachgewiesen; er leitete sich möglicherweise vom Speyerbach (''Spira, Spiraha'') ab (...)".</ref> | Spiraha |''Hochspeyerbach'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Spira (Rhenus)|Spira Rheni]]<ref name="Spira"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Huttenbacum (Naba)|Huttenbacum Nabae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Hüttenbach'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Naba]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Naba"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Ieckenbacus]]<ref name="Widder 1786">Widder, J. G. (1786). ''Versuch einer vollständigen Geographisch-Historischen Beschreibung der Kurfürstlichen Pfalz am Rheine''.</ref> | Gekkinbach<ref name="Fabricius I 1898">Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Herrschaften des unteren Nahegebietes: Der Nahegau und seine Umgebung''. [[Bonna]]e: Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Herrschaften des unteren Nahegebietes: Erläuterungen zum geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz''. Behrend & Co.</ref> seu Geckenbach<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> |''Jeckenbach'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Glan (Nava)|Glan Navae]]<ref name="Glan Navae"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Iutraha (Rhenus)|Iutraha Rheni]]<ref name="Iutraha Rheni">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itter_(Neckar)#Etymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die ''Itter'' wird im Jahr 628 (''Iutraha'') erstmals urkundlich erwähnt. Der Name enthielt ursprünglich die Endung -aha, was für „Fließgewässer“ steht. (...)" et {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Itter'' seu ''Itterbach'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lahe (flumen)|Lahe]] | |''Lahe'' seu ''Große Aue'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Soeste]] | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Maurine]] | | ''Maurine'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Stepenitium (Trabena)|Stepenitium Trabenae]]<ref name="-itium"/> | [[Trabena]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Netha|Netha Hassae]]<ref name="Netha Hassae">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nette_(Innerste)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) 1149 wurde der Fluss als „iuxta Netham“ erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Nette'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Hassa]]<ref name="Hassa"/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Oese (Hune)|Oese]] | |''Oese'' seu ''Gelmecke'' seu ''Heppingser Bach'' seu ''Sundwiger Bach'' seu ''Hemer-Bach'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Hune]]<ref name="Hune"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Pernaffa]]<ref name="Pernaffa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perf hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erstmals urkundlich erwähnt wird der Fluss im Jahre 913 als ''Pernaffa'', und er gab dem Perfgau (''pagus Pernaffa'') (...)".</ref> | |''Perf'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray">{{Murray}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rotbacum (Dreisima)|Rotbacum Dreisimae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Rotbach'' seu ''Zartenbach'' seu ''Löffeltalbach'' seu ''Höllenbach'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Dreisima]]<ref name="Dreisima"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sechta Rohilingenensis]]<ref name="Rohilingenensis">Gentilicium "Rohilingenensis" ad Rohilingen refertur. Hoc de toponymo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B6hlingen#Geschichte eius articulum apud Vicipaaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) ''in vico Rohilingen'' (...)".</ref> | |''Röhlinger Sechta'' seu ''Sechta'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sulza (Albis)|Sulza Albis]]<ref name="Sulza">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) ON. Sülze (Stadt Rösrath, Rheinisch-Bergiae. ge-sod ‘Gericht’, as. soth ‘Fleischbrühe’, afr. scher Kreis), mündet nach 24,7km bei Lohmar soth ‘Brühe’, ahd. ki-sod ‘Gericht’), metaphorische (Rhein-Sieg-Kreis, NRW). – 1182 molendina in Sulza (...)".</ref> | |''Sülze'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Ziese]] | |''Ziese'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Lutense]]<ref name="Lutense"/> | [[Penus]]<ref name=Gr/> |} ===Flumina inter 19 et 15 chiliometra longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina inter 19 et 15 chiliometra aut amplius longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Aha Rordorfensis]]<ref name="Aha Rordorfensis">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783258481142_A43727966/preview-9783258481142_A43727966.pdf FLüsse der Alpen: Vielfalt in Natur und Kultur]. Gentilicio "Rordorfensis-e" ad [[Rodorfium]] (Theodisce ''Rodorf'') refertur. Cui ultimo toponymo, vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohrdorf_(am_Inn)#Geschichte hoc de oppido apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erstmals urkundlich erwähnt wurde Rohrdorf 788 in der Notitia Arnonis, einer Aufstellung aller Güter und Besitzungen der Kirche Salzburg auf herzoglich-bayerischem Gebiet anlässlich der Eingliederung Bayerns in das Frankenreich Karls des Großen. Darin genannt sind auch die beiden heute eingemeindeten Dörfer Höhenmoos und Lauterbach, die seinerzeit ebenfalls bereits Kirchdörfer waren. Die damaligen Ortsbezeichnungen lauteten: Rordorf, (...)".</ref> | | ''Rohrdorfer Achen'' seu ''Achen'' seu ''Weißenbach'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Aenus (flumen)|Aenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Alnaha (flumen)|Alnaha]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Allanaher<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Alnahe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Allna'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray">{{Murray}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Aqua Mutinensis]]<ref name="Aqua Mutinensis">Nomine "Aqua" Theodiscum nomen ''Wasser'' et gentilicio "Mutinensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium "Mutzschener" vertitur. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Mutzschener Wasser'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Mulda|Mulda Albis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Audan (Layna)|Audan Laynae]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Aue'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Layna]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Bastauwe]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Bastau'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Fintau]] | | ''Fintau'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Wemma]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Hanfpach]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Hanfbach'' seu ''Irmerother Bach'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Sega]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Humme]] | | ''Humme'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Iutraha (Dimel)|Iutraha Dimelensis]]<ref name="Iutraha Dimelensis">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | |''Itter'' seu ''Itterbach'' seu ''Itterbecke'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Dimel]]<ref name="Dimel"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Lisba (flumen)|Lisba]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Lisburnensis<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Liese'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Hassenbeck]]<ref name="Hassenbeck"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lutra (Itessa)|Lutra Itessae]]<ref name="Lutra"/> | | ''Lauter'' seu ''Lauterbach'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Itessa]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Metime|Metimé]]<ref name="Metime">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mettma#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Das Gewässer wurde 1111 als ''fluvii Metimé'' erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | |''Mettma'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Schlucht]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Muglbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | Mohelnský seu Mohelenský |''Muglbach'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Wundreb (flumen)|Wundreb]]<ref name="Wundreb"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Munzbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Münzbach'' seu ''Loßnitzbach'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Mulda Fribergensis]]<ref name="MF"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Orpe]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Urppe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Orpe'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Dimel]]<ref name="Dimel"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Owe Parvum Radense]]<ref name="Owe Parvum Radense">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis e hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan". De hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan" vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ], ubi dicitur "(...) Aue, Name mehrerer Flüsse im Einzugsgebiet von Leine, Unter- und Mittelweser und Unterer Elbe, z. B. Aue (z. Ammersbek z. Alster z. Elbe), 1263 ''ad riuulum, qui dicutur Owe'' (...) Aue, r.z. Leine, entspringt bei Westerhof (Lkr. Northeim, Niedersachsen, D), mündet bei Kreiensen (Lkr. Northeim). – 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) ''in flumen Audan et sic per Audan,'' (...)". Adiectivo "parvum" Theodiscum adiectivum "Kleine" vertitur. Gentilicium "Radense" ad [[Radena]]m refertur; hoc de toponymo, vide: Büsching, A. F. (1768). ''A New System of Geography: Containing a Particular Description of the Quarters of the World''. Londinii: T. Lowndes; hoc de gentilicio, vide: Binterim, A. J., & Mooren, J. H. (1830). ''Die alte und neue Erzdiözese Köln in ihrer ehemaligen Ausdehnung''. Simon Müller.</ref> | Audan Parvum Radense<ref name="Owe Parvum Radense"/> | ''Kleine Aue'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Owe Magnum]]<ref name="Owe Magnum"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Ramme (flumen)|Ramme]] | | ''Ramme'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Osta (flumen)|Osta]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Rota (Ambra)|Rota Ambrae]]<ref name="Rota Ambrae">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rott_(Amper)#Namensherkunft hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Rott wird um 1065 in der Wessobrunner Gründungslegende als ''Rota'' bezeugt (...)".</ref> | |''Rott'' seu ''Rottgraben'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Ambra (flumen)|Ambra]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Sorpe (Röhr)|Sorpe Röhrense]]<ref name="Sorpe">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) 1307 iuxta rivum … Sorpe (...)".</ref> | Suropo Röhrensis<ref name="Suropo"/> seu Sorbece Röhrense<ref name="Suropo"/> seu Sorp Röhrense<ref name="Suropo"/> | ''Sorpe'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Röhr]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sule (flumen)|Sule]] | | ''Sule'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Owe Magnum]]<ref name="Owe Magnum"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Wilstra]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Wilstera<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wilstere<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wilstria<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Wilsterau'' seu ''Wilster Au'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Stora]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Zahme Gera]] | | [[Zahme Gera]] | align="right" | 19 | [[Hiera]]<ref name="Hiera"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Aha Berchtesgadenensis]]<ref name="Aha Berchtesgadenensis">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783258481142_A43727966/preview-9783258481142_A43727966.pdf FLüsse der Alpen: Vielfalt in Natur und Kultur]. Gentilicium "Berchtesgadenensis-e" ad [[Berchtesgaden]] refertur.</ref> | Albe Berchtesgadenense<ref name="Albe Berchtesgadenense">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berchtesgadener_Ache hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Um 1815 wurde der Fluss noch als ''Albe'' (...)". Gentilicium "Berchtesgadenensis-e" ad [[Berchtesgaden]] refertur.</ref> |''Berchtesgadener Ache'' seu ''Königsseeache'' seu ''Alm'' seu ''Almbach'' seu ''Albe'' seu ''Niedere Al | align="right" | 18 | [[Salzaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Ahle (Schwülme)|Ahle Schwülmense]] | |''Ahle'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Schwülme]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Armuthsbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Armuthsbach'' seu ''Armutsbach'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Ara (flumen)|Ara]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Baarbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Baarbach'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Rura]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Bahra (Gotlaviae)|Bahra Gotlaviae]] | |''Bahra'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Gotlavia]]<ref name="Gotlavia"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Bekena (Lupia)|Bekena]]<ref name="Bekena">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beke_(Lippe)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird im Mittelalter als ''Bekena'' bezeichnet (...)".</ref> | | ''Beke'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Lupia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Belina (Albis)|Belina Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | |''Biela'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Boteburon]]<ref name="Boteburon">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottwar#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Es wird angenommen, dass der Name des Flusses von dem der Stadt Großbottwar abgeleitet ist, der bereits im Jahr 779 als ''Boteburon'' und 873 als ''Bodibura'' erwähnt wird. Erstmals 1260 wird der Fluss urkundlich ''Botebor'' genannt (...)".</ref> | Bodibura<ref name="Boteburon"/> seu Botebor<ref name="Boteburon"/> | ''Bottwar'' seu ''Auklingenbach'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Murrensis]]<ref name="Murrensis"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Brugga (Dreisima)|Brugga Dreisimae]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Nomen Theodiscum'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Dreisima]]<ref name="Dreisima"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Diesse]] | |''Dieße'' seu ''Diesse'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Ilmede]]<ref name="Ilmede"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Frioda (Weraha)|Frioda Werahae]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Frieda'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Weraha|Weraha Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Gelster]] | |''Gelster'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Weraha|Weraha Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Hasalaha (Mintela)|Hasalaha Mintelae]]<ref name="Hasalaha Mintelae">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymo e hydronymo. Hoc de hydronymo, vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasel_(Werra)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird im Jahr 824 als Hasalaha erstmals schriftlich genannt (...)".</ref> | | ''Hasel'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Mintela]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Helere]]<ref name="Helere">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haller_(Fluss)#Etymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Schreibung: Helere (10.–11. Jahrhundert) (...)".</ref> | |''Haller'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Layna]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Lesnitz Magnum]]<ref name="Lesnitz Magnum">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo urbe Theodisce ''Lößnitz''. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/268003452.pdf Historisches Ortsnamenbuch von Sachsen], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Lößnitz''' Stadt nö. Aue; Aue-Schwarzenberg (AKr. Aue) (1238) K 1533 Fridericus de Lesnitz (...)". Adiectivo "magnum" Theodiscum adiectivum "Große" vertitur</ref> | | ''Große Lößnitz'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Flöha]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Lutraha]]<ref name="Lutraha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BCtter#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die ''Lütter'' wurde im Jahr 826 als ''Lutraha'' erstmals urkundlich genannt (...)".</ref> | | ''Lütter'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Owe Parvum Barenburgense]]<ref name="Owe Parvum Barenburgense">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis e hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan". De hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan" vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ], ubi dicitur "(...) Aue, Name mehrerer Flüsse im Einzugsgebiet von Leine, Unter- und Mittelweser und Unterer Elbe, z. B. Aue (z. Ammersbek z. Alster z. Elbe), 1263 ''ad riuulum, qui dicutur Owe'' (...) Aue, r.z. Leine, entspringt bei Westerhof (Lkr. Northeim, Niedersachsen, D), mündet bei Kreiensen (Lkr. Northeim). – 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) ''in flumen Audan et sic per Audan,'' (...)". Adiectivo "parvum" Theodiscum adiectivum "Kleine" vertitur. Gentilicium "Barenburgense" ad [[Barenburgum]] in [[Circulus Diepholz|Circulo Thefholte]] refertur.</ref> | Audan Parvum Barenburgense<ref name="Owe Parvum Barenburgense"/> | ''Kleine Aue'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Owe Magnum]]<ref name="Owe Magnum"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Parthanus]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Parthanum<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Partanus<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Partanum<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Partnach'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Liubasa]]<ref name="Liubasa"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Perlenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Perlenbach'' seu ''Schwalmbach'' seu ''Perlbach'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Rura (Eiflensis)|Rura Eiflensis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rivulus Niger Klingengrabenensis]]<ref name="Rivulus Niger"/> | |''Schwarzbach'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Klingengraben (Vutahe)|Klingengraben Vutahense]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ranschgraben]] | |''Ranschgraben'' seu ''Erbsengraben'' seu ''Waldgraben'' seu ''Bruchgraben'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Rehbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Raodhaha (Lein)|Raodhaha Leinensis]]<ref name="Raodhaha Leinensis">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymis fluminibus. Quibus ultimis, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Oberrot&f=false Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch].</ref> | Rotaha Leinensis<ref name="Raodhaha Leinensis"/> seu Rota Leinensis<ref name="Raodhaha Leinensis"/> |''Rot'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Lein (Cochera)|Lein]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rinne Königseense|Rinne Königseënse]]<ref name="Königseënse">Gentilicium "Königseënse" ad oppidum [[Königsee]] in [[Circulus terrae Salfeldensis et Rudolphopolitanus|Circulo Salfeldensi-Rudolphopolitano]] refertur.</ref> | |''Königseer Rinne'' seu ''Rinne'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Schwarza (Sala)|Schwarza Salae]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Rivus Nonensis]]<ref name="Rivus Nonensis">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium "Nonensis-e" ad oppidum [[Nona (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Nonam]] refertur. Ultimo huic toponymo, vide: Browerus, C., & Masenius, J. (1670). ''Antiquitatum et annalium Trevirensium libri XXV''. Henricus Dehmen; et: Browerus, C., & Masenius, J. (1670). Antiquitatum et annalium Trevirensium libri XXV (Vol. 2). Coloniae Agrippinae: Joannis Wilhelmi Friessem.</ref> | |''Nohner Bach'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Trierbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rohrbacum (Fuldaha)|Rohrbacum Fuldahae]]<ref name="Rohrbacum Fuldahae">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | |''Rohrbach'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Rohrbacum (Saravus)|Rohrbacum Saravi]]<ref name="Rohrbacum Saravi">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Rohrbach'' seu ''Scheidter Bach'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Saravus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Schweinitium]]<ref name="-itium"/> | Svídnice |''Schweinitz'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Flöha]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Tribisa Parva]]<ref name="Tribisa Parva">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine Theodisce ''Triebisch'' dicto. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}. Adiectivo "parvus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Kleine" vertitur.</ref> | |''Kleine Triebisch'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Tribisa]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Tyra (flumen)|Tyra]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Thira<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Thyra'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Helmana]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Walhalben]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Walhalbin<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Walhalbe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Wallhalb'' seu ''Wallhalbe'' seu ''Wallalbe'' seu ''Wallalb'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Burchalben]]<ref name="Burchalben"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Warnau]] | | ''Warnau'' seu ''Schneebach'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Böhme (flumen)|Böhme]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Weiß (Sega)|Weiß]] | |''Weiß'' seu ''Weißbach'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Sega]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wiesaz]] | | ''Wiesaz'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Steinlach]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wilisch (flumen)|Wilisch]] | |''Wilisch'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Schapa (flumen)|Schapa]]<ref name="Schapa"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Wizmoin]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Wizmone<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wizmoune<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wizmoven<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Weismain'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wohlrose]] | |''Wohlrose'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Ilmena]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Aschbacum (Werma)|Aschbacum Wermae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Aschbach'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Werma]]<ref name="Werma"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Augraben (Nebula)|Augraben Nebulae]]<ref name="Augraben Nebulae">Fingitur hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo. Cui ultimo, vide [https://documente.bcucluj.ro/web/bibdigit/fg/BCUCLUJ_FG_115352_1907_004.pdf Ente Istorice], ubi dicitur "(...) in rivulum, qui dicitur Augraben, et in rivulo (...)".</ref> | | ''Augraben'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Nebula (flumen Germanicum)|Nebula]]<ref name="Nebula"/> | [[Warnou]]<ref name="Warnou"/> |- | [[Biberaha (Kincicha)|Biberaha Kincichae]]<ref name="Biberaha Kincichae">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Bieber'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Kincicha]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Biberaha (Rotaha)|Biberaha Rotahae]]<ref name="Biberaha Rotahae">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Bieber'' seu ''Bieberbach'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Rotaha (Moenus)|Rotaha Moeni]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Boda Frigida]]<ref name="Boda Frigida">Fingitur hoc nomen ex adiectivo "frigidus-a-um" -Theodiscum adiectivum ''Kalte'' vertente- et homonymo flumine Theodisce ''Bode''. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Kalte Bode'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Boda]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Brombacum (Radentia)|Brombacum Radentiae]] | | ''Brombach'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Radentia]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Bruchbacum (Alara)|Bruchbacum Alarae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Bruchbach'' seu ''Wittbeck'' seu ''Heidbach'' seu ''Grobebach'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Bruchgraben (Indistra)|Bruchgraben Indistrae]] | | ''Bruchgraben'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Indistra]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref><ref name="Indistra"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Ettebach]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Etbach<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Epbach'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Oorana]]<ref name="Oorana"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Katzenbacum (Nicer)|Katzenbacum Niceri]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Katzenbach'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lichte (flumen)|Lichte]] | | ''Lichte'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Schwarza (Sala)|Schwarza Salae]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Natzschung]] | Načetínský | ''Natzschung'' seu ''Keilbach'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Flöha]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Ovenbach (Glan)|Ovenbach Glanense]]<ref name="Ovenbach Glanense">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohmbach_(Glan)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der gleichnamige Ort Ohmbach wurde im Jahr 977 als ''Ouenbach'' erstmals schriftlich genannt (...)".</ref> | | ''Ohmbach'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Glan (Nava)|Glan Navae]]<ref name="Glan Navae"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rankbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Rankbach'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Vurmicus (Nagalda)|Vurmicus Nagaldae]]<ref name="Vurmicus Nagalda"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Salzbacum (Murga)|Salzbacum Murgae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Salzbach'' seu ''Kröppenbach'' seu ''Buchbach'' seu ''Blümmelbach'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Murga (Neoburgum)|Murga Neoburgensis]]<ref name="Murga NB"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Vretere]]<ref name="Vretere">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fretterbach#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) In den ersten urkundlichen Nennungen wird der Bach als Vretere (1338 und 1387) bezeichnet (...)".</ref> | |''Fretterbach'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Lena (Rura)|Lena]]<ref name="Lena"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Waginstat (flumen)|Waginstat]]<ref name="Waginstat">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex valli homonymā. Latino de nomine huius vallis, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wagensteig#Geschichte articulum apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Ort wurde erstmals im Jahr 1125 als ''Waginstat'' erwähnt, wobei es sich hier um einen Personennamen handeln soll (...)".</ref> | | ''Wagensteigbach'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Dreisima]]<ref name="Dreisima"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wahlebacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Wahlebach'' seu ''Wahle'' seu ''Fahrenbach'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Welpia (Alapa)|Welpia]]<ref name="Wölpe">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Welepa<ref name="Wölpe"/><ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wilipia<ref name="Wölpe"/><ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wilepa<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wilippia<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wilpa<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wilipa<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Welpa<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Welipa<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Welepe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Wölpe'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Alapa]]<ref name="Alapa"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Wilde (Adrana)|Wilde Adranae]] | | ''Wilde'' seu ''Wölfte'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Adrana]]<ref name="Adrana"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Wuhle]] | | ''Wuhle'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Spreha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Adenova]]<ref name="Adenova">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenauer_Bach#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde 992 als ''adenoua fluvius'' erstmals erwähnt, (...)".</ref> | | ''Adenauer Bach'' seu ''Breidscheider Bach'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Ara (flumen)|Ara]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Bahre]] | | ''Bahre'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Seidewitium (flumen)|Seidewitium]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Biberaha (Huna)|Biberaha Hunae]]<ref name="Biberaha Hunae">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Bieber'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Huna]]<ref name="Huna"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Buchenbacum (Moenus)|Buchenbacum Moeni]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Buchenbach'' seu ''Mühlbach'' seu ''Riedgraben'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Bünzau]] | | ''Bünzau'' seu ''Bünzer Au'' seu ''Bünzener Au'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Stora]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Charbach (Moenus)|Charbach Moeni]]<ref name="Charbach Moeni">Fingitur hoc nomen homonymo e toponymo. De cuius ultimi nomine, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Argen&f=false ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''], ubi dicitur "(...) 853 in loco ... Charbach, 1155 in Karebach, 13. Jh. Charebach (...)".</ref> | Karebach seu Charebach | ''Karbach'' seu ''Egerbach'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Chemnitzbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Chemnitzbach'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Mulda Fribergensis]]<ref name="MF"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Daade]] | | ''Daade'' seu ''Daadenbach'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Helre]]<ref name="Helre"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Eitarhaha]]<ref name="Eitarhaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aitrach_(Donau)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name tritt im Jahr 770 in Form eines Gaunamens (''pago Eitrahuntal'') und 806 als Fluss selbst (''super fluvium Eitarhaha'') erstmals schriftlich in Erscheinung (...)".</ref> | ''Eitrahuntal''<ref name="Eitarhaha"/> |''Aitrach'' seu ''Baaralb'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Elta (flumen)|Elta]] | | ''Elta'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Ette (flumen)|Ette]] | | ''Ette'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Espolde]] | | ''Espolde'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Layna]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Grümpen]] | | ''Grümpen'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Itessa]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Kehlbacum (Andolfspach)|Kehlbacum Andolfspachense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Kehlbach'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Andolfspach]]<ref name="Andolfspach"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Lempe]] | | ''Lempe'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Esse (Dimel)|Esse Dimelis]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Lutra (Murrensis)|Lutra Murrensis]]<ref name="Lutra"/> | | ''Lauter'' seu ''Spiegelberger Lauter'' seu ''Sommerlauter'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Murrensis]]<ref name="Murrensis"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lutra (Vilisa)|Lutra Vilisae]]<ref name="Lutra"/> | | ''Lauter'' seu ''Degenfelder Lauter'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Vilisa (Nicer)|Vilisa Niceri]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Marsbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Marsbach'' seu ''Morsbach'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Billbach (Muda)|Billbach]]<ref name="Billbach"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Oelsabacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Oelsabach'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Rubrum Bistrice]]<ref name="Rubrum Bistrice"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Rigenbach (Glan)|Rigenbach Glanense]]<ref name="Rigenbach">Fingitur hoc nomen suis ex homonymis fluminibus. Quibus ultimis, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Reichenbach&f=false ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Reichenbach''', r.z. Fils (...) in Richenbach (...) '''Reichenbach''' (z. Simmerbach (...) usque in Rigen-bach, an Rigenbach deorsum (...)".</ref> | Richenbach Glanense<ref name="Rigenbach"/> | ''Reichenbach'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Glan (Nava)|Glan Navae]]<ref name="Glan Navae"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rivus Godesbergensis]]<ref name="Rivus Godesbergensis">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium "Godesbergensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium ''Godesberger'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Godesberger Bach'' seu ''Arzdorfer Bach'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rottach (Hilaria, Rettenberg)|Rottach Hilariae Rettenbergense]]<ref name="Rettenbergensis">Gentilicium Latinum "Rettenbergensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium ''Rettenberger'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Rottach'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Hilaria (flumen)|Hilaria]]<ref name="Hilaria"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Saidenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Saidenbach'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Flöha]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Seltenbacum (Niceri)|Seltenbacum Niceri]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seltenbach'' seu ''Sandegraben'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Suale]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Schwale'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Stora]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Trettach]] | | ''Trettach'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Hilaria (flumen)|Hilaria]]<ref name="Hilaria"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Welzbacum (Moenus)|Welzbacum Moeni]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Welzbach'' seu ''Pflaumbach'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ymene]]<ref name="Ymene">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihme#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) ''supra aquam dictam Ymene'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Ihme'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Layna]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Zarow]] | | ''Zarow'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Lacuna Stetinensis]] | [[Zarow]] |- | [[Affeldrahe]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Affalteren<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Affeltre<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Affeltere<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Effelder'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Itessa]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Alestra secunda|Alestra Secunda]]<ref name="Alestra Secunda">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzbach_(Wei%C3%9Fe_Elster)#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) (''1122 Alestra secunda, 1165 Helstre inferius'') (...)".</ref> | Helstre Inferius<ref name="Alestra Secunda"/> | ''Schwarzbach'' seu ''Kleine Elster'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Alestra]]<ref name="Alestra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Amlake]]<ref name="Amlake">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmelke hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die erste schriftliche Erwähnung der Emmelke war 1185 als ''Amlake'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Emmelke'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Medemahem]]<ref name="Medemahem"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Angere (Ambra)|Angere Ambrae]]<ref name="Angere Ambrae">Fingitur hoc nomen homonymo e fluvio Angere Rheni. De cuius ultimi nomine, vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch'']</ref> | Angeren Ambrae<ref name="Angere Ambrae"/> seu Angera Ambrae<ref name="Angere Ambrae"/> seu Anger Ambrae<ref name="Angere Ambrae"/> seu Angero Ambrae<ref name="Angero Ambrae">Fingitur hoc nomen homonymo e fluvio Angere Rheni. De cuius ultimi nomine, vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anger_(Rhein)#Namen hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die früheste bekannte urkundliche Erwähnung unter dem Namen ''Angero'' stammt aus dem Jahr 875 (...)".</ref> | ''Angerbach'' seu ''Ramseer Bach'' seu ''Stadtbach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Ambra (flumen)|Ambra]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Bramau]] | | ''Bramau'' seu ''Stellau'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Stora]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Brunnisach]] | | ''Brunnisach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Lacus Bodamicus]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Deinaha]]<ref name="Deinaha">Vide ''Acta Sanctorum. Index Topographicus'', ubi dicitur "(...) Deinaha ''Teinach'', flumen in Germania (...)".</ref> | | ''Teinach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Nagalda (flumen)|Nagalda]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Gauchsbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Gauchsbach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Swareza]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Gornitzbacum (Alestra)|Gornitzbacum Alestrae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Görnitzbach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Alestra]]<ref name="Alestra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Halbleche]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Halblech'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Licus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Hardtbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Hardtbach'' seu ''Der Alte Bach'' seu ''Dransdorfer Bach'' seu ''Rheindorfer Bach'' seu ''Mondorfer Bach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hergstbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Hergstbach'' seu ''Hergstgraben'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Horbinstenon]]<ref name="Beste"/> | Bestene<ref name="Beste"/> | ''Beste'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Trabena]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Trabena]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Hundem]] | | ''Hundem'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Lena (Rura)|Lena]]<ref name="Lena"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Liersbacum (Ara)|Liersbacum Arae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Liersbach'' seu ''Rosensiefen'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Ara (flumen)|Ara]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lobbacum (Elisinza)|Lobbacum Elisinzae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Lobbach'' seu ''Maienbach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Elisinza]]<ref name="Elisinza"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Maade]] | | ''Maade'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Sinus Iathanus]]<ref name="Petrus Lucusaltianus">[http://www.lateinlexikon.com ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum vel Vocabularium Latinitatis Huius Aetatis''], auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo.</ref> | [[Maade]] |- | [[Mohrbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Mohrbach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Glan (Nava)|Glan Navae]]<ref name="Glan Navae"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Morsbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Morsbach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Wippera]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Neyrthere (flumen)|Neyrthere]]<ref name="Neyrthere">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neerdar_(Willingen)#Geschichte articulum hoc de oppido apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die älteste bekannte schriftliche Erwähnung von Neerdar erfolgte unter dem Namen ''Neyrthere'' im Jahr 1244.^[3] Ein ''Regenhardus de Neyrthere'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Neerdar'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Aa Fera]]<ref name="Aa Fera"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Ösper]] | | ''Ösper'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Presnitz (flumen)|Presnitz]]<ref name="Presnitz">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide [[:de:Přísečnice#Geschichte|articulum Vicipaediae Theodiscae hoc de oppido]], ubi dicitur "(...) quae ducit de oppido Presnitz (...)".</ref> | |''Preßnitz'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Schapa (flumen)|Schapa]]<ref name="Schapa"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Raodhaha Rechenbergensis]]<ref name="Raodhaha Rechenbergensis">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Oberrot&f=false Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch]. Gentilicio "Rechenbergensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium "Rechenberger" vertitur.</ref> | Rotaha Rechenbergensis<ref name="Raodhaha Rechenbergensis"/> seu Rota Rechenbergensis<ref name="Raodhaha Rechenbergensis"/> | ''Rechenberger Rot'' seu ''Rotbach'' seu ''Gunzenbach'' seu ''Buchbach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rhene (Dimel)|Rhene Dimelense]] | | ''Rhene'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Dimel]]<ref name="Dimel"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Rivus Ahrenhorstensis]]<ref name="Rivus Ahrenhorstensis">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium "Ahrenhorstensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium ''Ahrenhorster'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Ahrenhorster Bach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Werse]]<ref name="Werse"/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Rosenbacum (Filisa)|Rosenbacum Filisae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Rosenbach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Filisa (Naba)|Filisa Nabae]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Salzbacum (Rhenus)|Salzbacum Rheni]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | Alia nomina | ''Salzbach'' seu ''Rambach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sarna (flumen)|Sarna]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Sarno<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Sarnus<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Sarnum<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Sahrbach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Ara (flumen)|Ara]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Strudelbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Strudelbach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Enze]]<ref name="Enze"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Twista (Osta)|Twista Ostae]]<ref name="Twista Ostae">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine Theodisce ''Twiste''. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Arlau (...) prope Twistam (...) Tuistai, (963–1037, Kopie 15. Jh.) (...) Tuistina (...) in Tuista, 1127 in Tviste, 1235 (Kopie) de Twiste, 1240 HG.A.14, S. 419. (Kopie 14./15. Jh.) de Tuiste, 1251 in Thuiste, de Thuiste, 1257 de Twiste (und weitere Belege), 1310 in Twer- ¢ quer-. Duiste, (um 1350) prope tuisten (...)".</ref> | Tuistina Ostae seu Tuistai Ostae seu Tuista Ostae seu Twiste Ostae seu Tuiste Ostae seu Thuiste Ostae seu Tuisten Ostae | ''Twiste'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Osta (flumen)|Osta]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Waldangelbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Waldangelbach'' seu ''Angelbach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Leimbach (Rhenus, Bruowele)|Leimbach Rheni Bruowelense]]<ref name="Bruowelense"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wellingbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Wellingbach'' | align="right" | 15 | ? | ? |- | [[Wochniza]]<ref name="Wochniza">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wakenitz hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Chronist Helmold von Bosau erwähnt sie Mitte des 12. Jahrhunderts in seiner ''Chronica Slavorum'' unter den Bezeichnungen ''wochniza'' oder ''wochenice'' (...)".</ref> | Wochenice<ref name="Wochniza"/> | ''Wakenitz'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Trabena]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Trabena]]<ref name=Gr/> |} ===Flumina 14 et 10 chiliometra longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina 14 et 10 chiliometra longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Aabacum (Affata)|Aabacum Affatae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Aabach'' seu ''Aa'' seu ''Große Aa'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Affata]]<ref name="Affata"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ach Trauchgauense]]<ref name="Trauchgauense">Gentilicio "Trauchgauensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium "Trauchgauer" vertitur.</ref> | | ''Trauchgauer Ach'' seu ''Ach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Halbleche]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Aqua Crinitzensis]]<ref name="Aqua Crinitzensis">Substantivum "Aqua-ae" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Wasser'' vertit et gentilicium "Crinitzensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium ''Crinitzer'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Crinitzer Wasser'' seu ''Crinitzbach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Rotina (Mulda Zviccaviensis)|Rotina Muldae Zviccaviensis]]<ref name="Rotina Muldae Zviccaviensis"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Awinpach (Elsava)|Awinpach Elsavae]]<ref name="Awinpach Elsavae">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''].</ref> | | ''Aubach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Elsava]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Bära Inferior]]<ref name="Bära Inferior">Adiectivo "inferior" Theodiscum adiectivum "Untere" vertitur.</ref> | | ''Untere Bära'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Bära]] | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Belina (Flöha)|Belina Flohae]]<ref name="Belina Flöhae">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Bielabach'' seu ''Biela'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Flöha]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Bistrice]]<ref name="Bistrice">[https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/Zur_Geschichte_der_Besiedelung_der_Dresdner_Gegend Zur Geschichte der Besiedelung der Dresdner Gegend], ubi dicitur "Buistrizi ist der urkundliche, mit dem Flußnamen der Weißeritz (Wisteritz, 1206 flumen Bistrice, 1366 Wistricz) zusammenhängende Name des Burgwards (...)".</ref> | Buistrizi<ref name="Bistrice"/> seu Wisteritz<ref name="Bistrice"/> seu Wistricz<ref name="Bistrice"/> | ''Weißeritz'' seu ''Vereinigte Weißeritz'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Blabbergraben]] | | ''Blabbergraben'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Spreha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Bockau Magnum]]<ref name="Große"/> | | ''Große Bockau'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Mulda Zviccaviensis]]<ref name="MZ"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Boye (flumen)|Boye]] | | ''Boye'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Amsara]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Erle (flumen)|Erle]] | | ''Erle'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Nava (Schleuse)|Nava Schleusensis]]<ref name="Nava Schleusensis"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Fisgobah (Bilerna)|Fisgobah Bilernae]]<ref name="Fisgobah Bilernae">Vide [https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/_naa002198101_01/_naa002198101_01_0008.php Naamkunde. Jaargang 13], ubi dicitur "(...) 817 Fischach (passim) naast 890 Fisgobah (gen mv.) (...)".</ref> | | ''Fischach'' seu ''Alte Fischach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Bilerna]]<ref name="Bühler"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Fossa principalis Buckauensis|Fossa Principalis Buckauensis]]<ref name="Fossa Principalis Buckauensis">Substantivum Latinum "fossa-ae" Theodiscam vocem ''Graben'' et substantivum Latinum "principalis-e" Theodiscum praefixum ''Haupt-'' et gentilicium Latinum "Buckauensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium ''Buckauer'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Buckauer Hauptgraben'' seu ''Kobser Bach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Buckau]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Hene]]<ref name="Hene">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schafbach_(Elbbach)#Name articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Bis 1270 trug der Bach den Namen Hene, wovon sich der Ortsname Höhn ableitet (...)".</ref> | | ''Schafbach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Elbbach]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lautenbach (Flöha)|Lautenbach Flöha]]<ref name="Lautenbach">Fingitur huius fluminis nomen homonymo e toponymo. Hoc de topononymo, vide [file:///C:/Users/34622/Downloads/Pars%20III.%20Status%20ecclesiasticus%20regularis%20episcopatus%20Wirceburgensis.pdf ]Pars III. Status ecclesiasticus regularis episcopatus Wirceburgensis, ubi dicitur "(...) ibique abiurata fide et ducta uxore primo civium praetorem, dein praefectum in Lautenbach egit (...)".</ref> | | ''Lautenbach'' seu ''Pfützenbach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Flöha]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Milzisa]]<ref name="Milzisa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BClmisch#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der schriftliche Erstbeleg stammt vermutlich von einer im 11. Jh. gefälschten Urkunde, die in das Jahr 786 datiert wird. Hierin wird ein Fluss als ''Milzisa'' genannt (...)".</ref> | | ''Mülmisch'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Polava]] | Pöhlbach |''Pöhlbach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Schapa (flumen)|Schapa]]<ref name="Schapa"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Rivus Casleocanus]]<ref name="Rivus Casleocanus">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium "Casleocanus-a-um" ad oppidum [[Casleoca]]m refertur. Ultimo huic toponymo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kesseling#Geschichte articulum hoc de oppido apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Klosterzelle ''Casleoca'' war (...)".</ref> | | ''Kesselinger Bach'' seu ''Staffeler Bach'' seu ''Blasweiler Bach'' seu ''Auelbach'' seu ''Densbach'' seu ''Heckenbach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Ara (flumen)|Ara]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rivus Weesenensis]]<ref name="Rivus Weesenensis">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium "Weesenensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium ''Weesener'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Weesener Bach'' seu ''Lutter'' seu ''Lutterbach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Ursena]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | | [[Rottach (Hilaria, Cambodunum)|Rottach Hilariae Cambodunense]]<ref name="Cambodunense">Gentilicium Latinum "Cambodunensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium ad [[Cambodunum]] refertur.</ref> | | ''Rottach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Hilaria (flumen)|Hilaria]]<ref name="Hilaria"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Schmerach]] | | ''Schmerach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Bilerna]]<ref name="Bühler"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sconibrunno (Licus, Hohenfurch)|Sconibrunno Lici Hohenfurchensis]]<ref name="Sconibrunno Lici Hohenfurchensis">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) ON. Schonach (Schwarzwald971–um 977) iuxta fontem … Sconibrunno, 833 (Kopie Baar-Kreis, B.-W., D), 1275 Schonach, 1326 Schona, 12. Jh.) super fontem … Schonibrunno (...)".</ref> | Schonibrunno Lici Hohenfurchensis<ref name="Sconibrunno Lici Hohenfurchensis"/> seu Schonach Lici Hohenfurchensis<ref name="Sconibrunno Lici Hohenfurchensis"/> seu Schona Lici Hohenfurchensis<ref name="Sconibrunno Lici Hohenfurchensis"/> | ''Schönach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Licus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Sindelbacum (Iages)|Sindelbacum Iagis]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Sindelbach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Talbacum (Glan)|Talbacum Glanense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Talbach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Glan (Nava)|Glan Navae]]<ref name="Glan Navae"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ulfe (Suntraha)|Ulfe Suntrahae]] | | ''Ulfe'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Suntraha]]<ref name="Suntraha"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Waldaffa]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Waldaphen<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Waldaffe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Walluf'' seu ''Wallufbach'' seu ''Waldaffa'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wierau]] | | ''Wierau'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Hassa]]<ref name="Hassa"/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Wirsenicz (Alestra)|Wirsenicz Alestrae]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Wersnicz Alestrae<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Würschnitzbach'' seu ''Würschnitz'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Alestra]]<ref name="Alestra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Yach (Ambrae)|Yach Ambrae]]<ref name="Yach Ambrae">Fingitur hoc nomen homonymo e fluvio Yach in Enze influente. De cuius ultimi nomine, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=H%C3%B6fen&f=false ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''], ubi dicitur " (...) 2Eyach, l.z. Enz (...) ad fluvium ... Yach (...)".</ref> | | ''Eyach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Ambra (flumen)|Ambra]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Aranbach (Muda)|Aranbach Mudae]]<ref name="Aranbach Mudae">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohrenbach_(Mud)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Bach wurde 1012 als ''Aranbach'' erstmals schriftlich genannt(...)".</ref> | | ''Ohrenbach'' seu ''Ohrnbach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Muda (flumen)|Muda]]<ref name="Billbach"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Au Wedelense]]<ref name="Wedelense">Gentilicium Latinum "Wedelensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium ''Wedeler'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Wedeler Au'' seu ''Wedelbeck'' seu ''Wedelbek'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Beber (Ora)|Beber Orae]] | | ''Beber'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Ora (Albis)|Ora Albis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Birkigsbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Birkigsbach'' seu ''Auegraben'' seu ''Näßlichbach'' seu ''Alte Bach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Kincicha]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Eiderbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Eiderbach'' seu ''Eiderbachgraben'' seu ''Eiterbach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Marsbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Farnthrapa]]<ref name="Farnthrapa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felderbach#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) 837 ''inter duo flumina ... farnthrapa'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Felderbach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Thidela]]<ref name="Thidela"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Fluvius Molendinorum (Nicer, Sulza)|Fluvius Molendinorum Niceri]] [[Sulz am Neckar|Sulzae]]<ref name="Fluvius Molendinorum">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine [[Bauzanum|Bauzanensi]]. De hoc flumine, vide [https://www.schloesslmuehle.com/?page_id=2052 17 Mühlen in Bozen – die Geschichte der heutigen Schlösslmühle], ubi dicitur "(...) Die älteste bekannte urkundliche Nennung des Mühlbaches geschieht um 1180-90 und lautet „fluvius molendinorum“, was wörtlich übersetzt „der Wasserlauf der Mühlen“ oder kurz „Mühlbach“ bedeutet (...)". </ref> | Mühlbach<ref name="Mühlbach">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. De hoc flumine, vide www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu, ubi dicitur "(...) Hodie rivus Mühlbach, quem incolae vocant (...)".</ref> | ''Mühlbach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Geraha (flumen)|Geraha]]<ref name="Geraha">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide [[:de:Neckargerach#Geschichte|articulum Vicipaediae Theodiscae hoc de oppido]], ubi dicitur "(...) Neckargerach wurde im Jahr 976 erstmals als Geraha erwähnt, was eine gebräuchliche Bezeichnung für ein sprudelndes Gewässer war, und gleichermaßen den Ort als auch das ihn durchfließende Gewässer bezeichnete (...)".</ref> | | ''Seebach'' seu ''Gerach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hehlenriede]] | |''Hehlenriede'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Canalis Alarae]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Fluvius Herschbacus|Herschbacus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium">Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.). (s. f.). ''Glossarium: Latin-German Place Names''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> | Hergispach<ref name="Hergispach">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herschbach#Geschichte articulum huius oppidi apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Es ist anzunehmen, dass dieses Areal schon früher besiedelt wurde, da in der Engerser Chronik 963 ein Ort namens ''Hergispach'' auftaucht. Der Ortsname entwickelt sich über 1267 ''Herincsbach'' (...)".</ref> seu Herincsbach<ref name="Hergispach"/> | ''Herschbach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Rivus Casleocanus]]<ref name="Rivus Casleocanus"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Horne (flumen)|Horne]] | | ''Horne'' seu ''Hornebach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Lupia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Kerspe]] | | ''Kerspe'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Wippera]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lierbacum (Reineche)|Lierbacum Reinechense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Lierbach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Reineche]]<ref name="Reineche"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Luppa Nova]]<ref name="Luppa Nova">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luppe_(Fluss) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde 1216 als „Luppa fluvio“ erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)". Adiectivo "novus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Neu" vertitur.</ref> | | ''Neue Luppe'' seu ''Luppe-Kanal'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Alestra]]<ref name="Alestra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Mare (Wiscoz)|Mare Wiscozense]]<ref name="Mare Wiscozense">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. De hoc flumine, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Meerbach&f=false Etymologie der Gewässernamen], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Meerbach'' (...) riuum quendam effluentem de Stagno quod vocatur mare, 1250 mari (...)".</ref> | Mari Wiscozense<ref name="Mare Wiscozense"/> | ''Meerbach'' seu ''Schliefenbach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Wiscoz]]<ref name="Wiscoz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Nesenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Nesenbach'' seu ''Vaihinger Bach'' seu ''Kaltentaler Bach'' seu ''Laisebach'' seu ''Furtbach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Nevigisa]]<ref name="Nevigisa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardenberger_Bach#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Ursprünglich hieß der Bach ''Neuigisa'' (875) bzw. ''Navigisa'' (10./11. Jh.) (...)".</ref> | Navigisa<ref name="Nevigisa"/> | ''Hardenberger Bach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Thidela]]<ref name="Thidela"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ose (Nethe)|Ose Nethense]]<ref name="Ose Nethense">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96se_(Nethe) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) „ab utraque parte fluvii Ose“ (...)".</ref> | | ''Öse'' seu ''Oese'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Nethe (Visurgis)|Nethe]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Owe Occidentale]]<ref name="Westaue"/> | | ''Westaue'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Layna]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Pobelbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Pöbelbach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Rubrum Bistrice]]<ref name="Rubrum Bistrice"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Rivulus Liberorum (flumen)|Rivulus Liberorum]]<ref name="Nietzschmann 2013">Nietzschmann, E. (2013). ''Die Freien auf dem Lande: Ehemalige deutsche Reichsdörfer und ihre Wappen''. [[Guelpherbytum|Guelpherbyti]]: Melchior.</ref> | | ''Freisbach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rivulus Niger (Amsara)|Rivulus Niger Amsarae]]<ref name="Rivulus Niger"/> | | ''Schwarzbach'' seu ''Mühlen Bach'' seu ''Preußische Uraufnahme'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Amsara]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rota (Duria)|Rota Duriae]]<ref name="Rota Duriae">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymis oppidis Theodisce ''Roth''. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Roth'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Duria (Danubius)|Duria Danubii]]<ref name="Duria"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Slieraha]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/><ref name="Manachfialta"/> | | ''Schlierach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Manachfialta]]<ref name="Manachfialta"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Slitisa (flumen)|Slitisa]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Slidese<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Schlitz'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Steinalp]] | | ''Steinalp'' seu ''Steinalb'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Glan (Nava)|Glan Navae]]<ref name="Glan Navae"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Steinhaha (Nicer, Nurtinga)|Steinhaha Niceri]] [[Nurtinga|Nurtingensis]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Steinaha Niceri Nurtingensis<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Steinach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Tiefenbacum (Nicer, Nurtinga)|Tiefenbacum Niceri]]<ref name="-bacum"/> [[Nurtinga|Nurtingense]] | | ''Tiefenbach'' seu ''Saubach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ulmbacum (Kincicha)|Ulmbacum Kincichae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Ulmbach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Kincicha]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ulvina]]<ref name="Ulvina">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanzelbach#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Kanzelbach wurde erstmals im Jahre 772 als "Uluina", gesprochen [ˈylviːna], erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Röschbach'' seu ''Altenbach'' seu ''Kanzelbach'' seu ''Kandelbach'' seu ''Ilbe'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ursena Parva]]<ref name="Ursena Parva">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine maiore. Cui ultimo, vide articulum [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=%C3%96rtze&f=false ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch'']. Adiectivo "parvus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum ''Kleine'' vertitur.</ref> | Ursene Parvum<ref name="Ursena Parva"/> | ''Kleine Örtze'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Ursena]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Werbe]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Werve<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Werbe'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Adrana]]<ref name="Adrana"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Wilzsch]] | | ''Wilzsch'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Mulda Zviccaviensis]]<ref name="MZ"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Allerbeeke]] | | ''Allerbeeke'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Owe Magnum]]<ref name="Owe Magnum"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Aquaeductus (Ovacra)|Aquaeductus Ovacrae]]<ref name="Aquaeductus Ovacrae">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abzucht_(Oker)#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name leitet sich hierbei vom lat. Wort ''aquaeductus'' ab. So lautet die Ersterwähnung des Flusses im Jahr 1271 ''Agetucht'' (...)".</ref> | Agetucht Ovacrae | ''Abzucht'' seu ''Wintertalbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Ovacra]]<ref name="Ovacra"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Banefe]] | Bannefe | ''Banfe'' seu ''Oberster Fischelbach'' seu ''Fischelbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Bibara (Schleuse)|Bibara Schleusensis]]<ref name="Bibara Schleusensis">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo Helvetico. Cui ultimo, vide [https://search.ortsnamen.ch/de/record/5029908 ortsnamen.ch], ubi dicitur "(...) et inde sinistrorsum per plateam usque Rammesheim in fluvium Bibara (...)".</ref> | Bibera<ref name="Bibera Schleusensis">Fingitur hoc nomen homonymis e fluviis. De quorum ultimorum nomine, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Biber&f=false ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''] (...)".</ref> seu Biberaha<ref name="Bibera Schleusensis"/> | ''Biber'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Schleuse]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Colmnitzbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Colmnitzbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Bobritzsch (flumen)|Bobritzsch]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Eschbach (Wippera)|Eschbach Wipperae]]<ref name="Eschbach Wipperae">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymo e hydronymo. Hoc de hydronymo, vide [https://www.geschichte-nieder-eschbach.de/startseite/nieder-eschbacher-chronik/ Heimat- und Geschichtesverein Nieder-Eschbach], ubi dicitur "(...) „Eschbach inferior“ (...)".</ref> | | ''Eschbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Wippera]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Eselsbacum (Lutra)|Eselsbacum Lutrae]]<ref name="-bacum">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-bach'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-bacum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Forbacum]], [[Gengenbacum]], [[Lambacum]], [[Muorbacum]], [[Orbacum]], [[Rohrbacum]], [[Rosbacum]], [[Rubeacum]], [[Solisbacum]], [[Swabacum]], [[Abacum (Germania)|Abacum]], [[Brubacum]], [[Corbacum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Eselsbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Lutra (Glanis)|Lutra Glanensis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Greifenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Greifenbach'' seu ''Rotes Wasser'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Schapa (flumen)|Schapa]]<ref name="Schapa"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Haselbachium (Saidenbacum)|Haselbachium]]<ref name="Haselbach">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymo e toponymo. Hoc de toponymo, vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camena/calam1/calaminusrudolphottocarus.html ''RUDOLPHOTTOCARUS AUSTRIACA TRAGOEDIA GEORGIO CALAMINO SILESIO AUCTORE: ACTUS PRIMUS''], ubi dicitur "(...) et apud Haselbachium (...)".</ref> | | ''Haselbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Saidenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Hedera (flumen)|Hedera]]<ref name="Hedera">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heder#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Heder wird zwischen 836 und 840 erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (''Hedera'') (...)".</ref> | | ''Heder'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Lupia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Iassaffa (Luder)|Iassaffa Luderensis]]<ref name="Iassaffa">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Jossa'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Luder (flumen)|Luder]]<ref name="Luder"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Itre]]<ref name="Itre">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itter_(Eder)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) ''itre riuus'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Itter'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Adrana]]<ref name="Adrana"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Knochenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Wiggenbach'' seu ''Berlebecke'' seu ''Knochenbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Wachna]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Krebsbacum (Tyra)|Krebsbacum Tyrae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Krebsbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Tyra (flumen)|Tyra]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Kuhbacum (Itre)|Kuhbacum Itrense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Kuhbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Itre]]<ref name="Itre"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Lache (Kincicha)|Lache Kincichae]] | | ''Lache'' seu ''Rodenbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Kincicha]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- |- | [[Lutturu (Hardna)|Lutturu Hardnae]]<ref name="Lutturu Hardnae">Fingitur hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo apud [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Lutter&f=false Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch].</ref> | Lutteru Hardnae<ref name="Lutturu Hardnae"/> | ''Lutter'' seu ''Bielefelder Lutter'' seu ''Weser-Lutter'' seu ''Lutterbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Hardna]]<ref name="Hardna"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Michelsbacum (Rhenus)|Michelsbacum Rheni]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Michelsbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Mulahgowe]]<ref name="Mulahgowe">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maulach_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss tritt 846 im Gaunamen Maulachgau (''Mulahgouue'') erstmals schriftlich in Erscheinung (...)".</ref> | | ''Maulach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Musbach]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Muosbah<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Můsbach<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Můsbahc<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Můspach<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Mußbach'' seu ''Muschbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Rehbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Otimot]]<ref name="Otimot">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autmut#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name ist im 11. Jahrhundert in den Formen „Otimot“ und „Ottmuot“, im 17. Jahrhundert als „Ottnach“ belegt (...)".</ref> | Ottmuot<ref name="Otimot"/> | ''Autmut'' seu ''Autmutbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Pfefferfließ]] | | ''Pfefferfließ'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Nieplitz]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Plohnbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Plohnbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Golz]]<ref name="Golz"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Rivus Antichensis]]<ref name="Rivus Antichensis">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium "Antichensis-e" ad oppidum [[Antiche]] refertur.</ref> | | ''Endenicher Bach'' seu ''Katzenlochbach'' seu ''Lengsdorfer Bach'' seu ''Villiper Bach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Hardtbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rivus Hachinger]]<ref name="Rivus">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Hachinger Bach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Hüllgraben]] | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Rivus Hartmanstorphensis]]<ref name="Rivus Hartmanstorphensis">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium "Brunhiemensis-e" ad oppidum [[Hartmanstorph]] refertur. Ultimo huic toponymo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gro%C3%9Fhartmannsdorf#Geschichte articulum hoc de oppido apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die erste urkundliche Erwähnung erfolgte 1368 als Hartmanstorph (...)".</ref> | | ''Großhartmannsdorfer Bach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Mulda Fribergensis]]<ref name="MF"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Rivus Sitzenrodaensis|Rivus Sitzenrodaënsis]]<ref name="Rivus Sitzenrodaënsis">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium "Rivus Sitzenrodaënsis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium ''Sitzenrodaer'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Sitzenrodaer Bach'' seu ''Neumühlbach'' seu ''Neumühlbach'' seu ''Neumühlbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Heidebacum (Fossa Nigra)|Heidebacum Fossae Nigrae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Sandbacum (Presnitz)|Sandbacun Presnitzense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Sandbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Presnitz (flumen)|Presnitz]]<ref name="Presnitz"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Schwarzenbacum (Naba silvatica)|Schwarzenbacum Nabae Silvaticae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Schwarzenbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Naba silvatica|Naba Silvatica]]<ref name="Naba silvatica"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Schweizerbacum (Remisus, Oenopolis)|Schweizerbacum Remisi]]<ref name="-bacum"/> [[Oenopolis|Oenopolitanum]]<ref>Vide [https://forum.ahnenforschung.net/forum/allgemeine-diskussionsforen/begriffserkl-rung-wortbedeutung-und-abk-rzungen/2932224-begriff-oenopoli-scabini ''forum.ahnenforschung.net''], ubi dicitur "(...) Ein scabinus war in etwa ein Ratsherr, und Oenopolis ist "Weinstadt" (...)".</ref> | | ''Schweizerbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Remisus]]<ref name="Remisus"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Seebacum (Gädheim)|Seebach Gädheimense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Starzel (Prime)|Starzel Primensis]]<ref name="Starzel Primensis">Fingitur hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo. Ultimo cui, vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_PLE_AAAAYAAJ/bub_gb_PLE_AAAAYAAJ_djvu.txt], ubi dicitur "(...) ad sinistram ripam Starzel rivi (...) Starzell diversorium in colle, ad rivulum in Wanpach fluentem (...)".</ref> | Starzell Primense<ref name="Starzel Primensis"/> | ''Starzel'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Prime]]<ref name="Prime"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Trebnitium]]<ref name="Trebnitium">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | Trebenezi<ref name="Trebnitium"/> seu Trebniczya<ref name="Trebnitium"/> seu Trebniczensis<ref name="Trebnitium"/> | ''Trebnitz'' seu ''Trebnitzbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Mohelnice]]<ref name="Mohelnice"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Westerbacum (Hasalana)|Westerbacum Hasalanae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | ''Westerbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Hasalaha (Mintela)|Hasalana Mintelae]]<ref name="Hasalaha Mintelae"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Wetuffa]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Wettiffa<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wetfa<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wetfhe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wetfe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wettfe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Wetzbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray">{{Murray}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wildebacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Wildebach'' seu ''Wildenbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Helre]]<ref name="Helre"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wirftbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Wirftbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Trierbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Zimmerbacum (Starzel)|Zimmerbacum Starzelense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Zimmerbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Starzel (Nicer)|Starzel Niceri]]<ref name="Starzel Niceri"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Aqua Cunewaldensis]]<ref name="Aqua Cunewaldensis">Substantivum "Aqua-ae" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Wasser'' vertit et gentilicium "Cunewaldensis-e" ad oppidum [[Cunewalde]] refertur. Ultimo huic toponymo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cunewalde#Geschichte articulum hoc de oppido apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Als Lokator der neuen Ansiedlung wird ein gewisser Henricus de Cunewalde angesehen, (...)".</ref> | | ''Cunewalder Wasser'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Spreha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Bewer]] | | ''Bewer'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Ilmede]]<ref name="Ilmede"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Biverna (Visurgis)|Biverna Visurgis]]<ref name="Biverna">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | Beverna Visurgis<ref name="Biverna"/> | ''Bever'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Buhlertalbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Bühlertalbach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Drusel]] | | ''Drusel'' seu ''Kleine Fulda'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Gablenzbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Gablenzbach'' seu ''Stollberger Wasser'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Wirsenicz (Caminizi rivus)|Wirsenicz Caminizi rivi]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Grimmbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Grimmbach'' seu ''Steinach'' seu ''Grümbach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Cochera]]<ref name="Cochera"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Haldenbacum (Remisus, Endersbacum)|Haldenbacum Remisi Endersbachense]]<ref name="-bacum"/><ref name="Endersbacense">Gentilicium "Endersbacensis-e" ad oppidum [[Endersbacum]] (Theodisce ''Endersbach'') refertur.</ref> | | ''Haldenbach'' seu ''Stettener Bach'' seu ''Alter Bach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Remisus]]<ref name="Remisus"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Helmbacum (Spira)|Helmbacum Spirae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Helmbach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Spira (Rhenus)|Spira Rheni]]<ref name="Spira"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Huttenbacum (Swarza Bavarica)|Huttenbacum Swarzae Bavaricae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Hüttenbach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Swarza Bavarica]]<ref name="Swarza Bavarica"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Kampfelbacum (flumen)|Kampfelbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Kämpfelbach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Phunzin]]<ref name="Phunzin"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lohrbacum (Awinpach)|Lohrbacum Awinpachense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Lohrbach'' seu ''Heinrichsthaler Lohr'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Awinpach (Lara)|Awinpach Larae]]<ref name="Awinpach Larae"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Mühlenwasser]] | | ''Mühlenwasser'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Erpe (Tuistina)|Erpe]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Nebelbeeke]] | | ''Nebelbeeke'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Warme]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Orbaha]]<ref name="Orbaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orb_(Kinzig)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Das Gewässer wird 1059 als ''Orbaha'' erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Orb'' seu ''Aubach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Kincicha]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Pyra Magna]]<ref name="Große">Adiectivo "magnus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Große" vertitur.</ref> | | ''Große Pyra'' seu ''Große Bühra'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Mulda Zviccaviensis]]<ref name="MZ"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Raodhaha (Lein, Voggenberger Sägmühle)|Raodhaha Leinensis de Voggenberger Sägmühle]]<ref name="Raodhaha Leinensis de Voggenberger Sägmühle">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Oberrot&f=false Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch].</ref> | Rotaha Leinensis de Voggenberger Sägmühle<ref name="Raodhaha Leinensis de Voggenberger Sägmühle"/> seu Rota Leinensis de Voggenberger Sägmühle<ref name="Raodhaha Leinensis de Voggenberger Sägmühle"/> | ''Rot'' seu ''Kaiserbacher Rot'' seu ''Mosbach'' seu ''Schwarze Rot'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Lein (Cochera)|Lein]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rivus Brunheimensis Alfterensis]]<ref name="Rivus Brunheimensis Alfterensis">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium "Brunhiemensis-e" ad oppidum [[Brumheim]] refertur. Ultimo huic toponymo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bornheim_(Rheinland)#Geschichte articulum hoc de oppido apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Urkundlich wird der Hauptort Bornheim als „Brunheim“ im Bonngau, in der Grafschaft des Grafen Ehrenfried, erstmals am 2. August 945 genannt (...)". Denique, Gentilicium Latinum "Alfterensis-e" Theodiscum ''Alfterer'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Alfterer Bornheimer Bach'' seu ''Mirbach'' seu ''Görresbach'' seu ''Roisdorfer'' seu ''Bornheimer Bach'' seu ''Mühlenbach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rivus Mielenheimensis]]<ref name="Rivus Mielenheimensis]]">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium "Mielenheimensis-e" ad oppidum [[Mielenheim]] refertur. Ultimo huic toponymo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehlem#Geschichte articulum hoc de oppido apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Urkundlich wird Mehlem erstmals im April 804 als ''Mielenheim'' genannt, wo dem Bonner Cassiusstift ein Weingut geschenkt wird (...)".</ref> | | ''Mehlemer Bach'' seu ''Eichenackersbach'' seu ''Kernbach'' seu ''Züllighovener Bach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Schaafbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Schaafbach'' seu '' Schafbach'' seu ''Ahrmühle'' seu ''Eichholzbach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Ara (flumen)|Ara]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Schweizerbacum (Remisus, Laurissa)|Schweizerbacum Remisi]]<ref name="-bacum"/> [[Lorch (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Laurissae]] | | ''Schweizerbach'' seu ''Wettenbach'' seu ''Mutlanger Haselbach'' seu ''Haselbach'' seu ''Tannbach'' seu ''Waldauer Bach'' seu ''Alfdorfer Haselbach'' seu ''Mühlbach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Remisus]]<ref name="Remisus"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sinisbach]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Siesbach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Solisbacum (Moenus)|Solisbacum Moeni]]<ref name="Solisbacum Moeni">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | Sultzbacum Moeni<ref name="Solisbacum Moeni"/> seu Zulsbacum Moeni<ref name="Solisbacum Moeni"/> seu Zultzbacum Moeni<ref name="Solisbacum Moeni"/> | ''Sulzbach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sorbitz]] | | ''Sorbitz'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Schwarza (Sala)|Schwarza Salae]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Speltach]] | | ''Speltach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sperrlutter]] | | ''Sperrlutter'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Odera (Ruma)|Odera Rumae]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Threne]] | | ''Threne'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Parda (flumen)|Parda]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Ulfe (Fuldaha)|Ulfe Fuldahae]] | | ''Ulfe'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Vesser (flumen)|Vesser]] | | ''Vesser'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Breitenbacum (Erle)|Breitenbacum Erlense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Vischelbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Vischelbach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Ara (flumen)|Ara]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Vulle]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Fulde'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Böhme (flumen)|Böhme]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Waldbacum (Gabelbacum)|Waldbacum Gabelbacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Waldbach'' seu ''Mangelsbach'' seu ''Wattbach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Gabelbacum (Muda)|Gabelbacum Mudae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Walse]] | | ''Walse'' seu ''Sählenbach'' seu ''Beek'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Weraha|Weraha Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Weggentalbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Weggentalbach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Zschampert]] | | ''Zschampert'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Luppa Vetus|Luppa Vetus]]<ref name="Alte Luppe">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luppe_(Fluss) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde 1216 als „Luppa fluvio“ erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)". Adiectivo "vetus veteris" Theodiscum adiectivum "Alte" vertitur.</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Aalenbacum (Bilerna)|Aalenbacum Bilernae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Aalenbach'' seu ''Äulesbach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Bilerna]]<ref name="Bühler"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Biverna (Wippera)|Biverna Wippera]]<ref name="Biverna">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | Beverna Wipperae<ref name="Biverna"/> | ''Bever'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Wippera]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Brunau (Ursena)|Brunau Ursenae]] | | ''Brunau'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Ursena]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Dreisbacum (Ara)|Dreisbacum Arae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Dreisbach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Ara (flumen)|Ara]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Dammbacum (Elsava)|Dammbacum Elsavae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Dammbach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Elsava]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Dusebacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Dusebach'' seu ''Duse'' seu ''Dause'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Mühlenwasser]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Fischbacum (Gaspentia)|Fischbacum Gaspentiae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Fischbach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Gaspentia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Griessebacum (flumen)|Griessebacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Grießebach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Humme]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Gronach]] | | ''Gronach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hadoluespach]]<ref name="Hadoluespach">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halsbach_(Alz) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Ort Halsbach wird ca. 790 als ''Hadoluespach'' erstmals urkundlich genannt. (...)".</ref> | | ''Halsbach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Alzus]]<ref name="Alzus"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Hetzbacum (Flöha)|Hetzbacum Flöhae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Hetzbach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Flöha]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Kappelbacum (Zurrega)|Kappelbacum Zurregae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Kappelbach'' seu ''Hardtbach'' seu ''Krebsbach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Zurrega (flumen)|Zurrega]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Lossnitzbacum (Mulda Zviccaviensis)|Lossnitzbacum Muldae Zviccaviensis]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Lößnitzbach'' seu ''Affalterbach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Mulda Zviccaviensis]]<ref name="MZ"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Mooslauter]] | | ''Mooslauter'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Lutra (Glanis)|Lutra Glanensis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Mordgrundbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | Slatina | ''Mordgrundbach'' seu ''Mordgrund'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Bahra (Gotlaviae)|Bahra Gotlaviae]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Olepe]]<ref name="Olepe">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olpe_(Bigge)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name tritt als ''Olepe'' 1120 erstmals urkundlich in Erscheinung (...)".</ref> | | ''Olpe'' seu ''Altenkleusheimer Bach'' seu ''Olpebach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Bigge]]<ref name="Bigge"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rigenbach (Zahme Gera)|Rigenbach Zahmegerense]]<ref name="Rigenbach"/> | Richenbach Zahmegerense<ref name="Rigenbach"/> | ''Reichenbach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Zahme Gera]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Rivus Belehemensis]]<ref name="Rivus Belehemensis">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium "Belehemensis-e" ad oppidum [[Belehem]] refertur. Ultimo huic toponymo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belm#Geschichte articulum hoc de oppido apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Später wurde daraus Belehm (1224), dann Belham (1483)[23] und am Ende Belm. Im Jahre 1853 schlossen sich die Bauerschaften zur Samtgemeinde Belm zusammen (...)".</ref> | | ''Belmer Bach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Hassa]]<ref name="Hassa"/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Rivus Berwangensis]]<ref name="Rivus Berwangensis">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium "Belehemensis-e" ad oppidum [[Berwangen]] refertur. Ultimo huic gentilicium, vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Zeitschrift_f%C3%BCr_die_Geschichte_des_Oberrheins._Bd._038%2C_1885_%28IA_zeitschriftfurdi3818unse%29.pdf Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins], ubi dicitur "(...) Georgius Fridericus Taub, Berwangensis (...)".</ref> | | ''Berwanger Bach'' seu ''Feldgraben'' seu ''Birkenbach'' seu ''Alte Bach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Elisinza]]<ref name="Elisinza"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rivus Henrici]]<ref name="Rivus Henrici">Fingitur hydronymum hoc ex informatione de [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrichsbach_(Wachenbach) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Heinrichsbach ist wohl so benannt, weil Kaiser Heinrich IV. einige Zeit in der Umgebung lebte (...)".</ref> | | ''Heinrichswasser'' seu ''Heinrichsbach'' seu ''Cunerichswasser'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Wachenbacum (Lara)|Wachenbacum Larae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rissbacum (Iages)|Rissbacum Iagis]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Rißbach'' seu ''Hollenbach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rotelbacum (Iages)|Rotelbacum Iagis]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Rötelbach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rubrum Packaw]]<ref name="Rubrum Packaw">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide [[:de:Pockau#Geschichte|articulum Vicipaediae Theodiscae hoc de oppido]], ubi dicitur "(...) Die erstmalige Erwähnung des Ortes erfolgte im Jahre 1365 als „Packaw“ (...)". Adiectivo "rubrum" Theodiscum adiectivum ''Rote'' vertitur.</ref> | | ''Rote Pockau'' seu ''Halbmeilenbach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Nigrum Packaw]]<ref name="Nigrum Packaw"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Schlema (flumen)|Schlema]] | | ''Schlema'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Mulda Zviccaviensis]]<ref name="MZ"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Schobse]] | | ''Schobse'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Wohlrose]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Seebacum (Onestrudis)|Seebacum Onestrudis]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Onestrudis]]<ref name="Onestrudis"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Seebacum (Rhenus)|Seebacum Rheni]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Suropo (Lena)|Suropo Lenae]]<ref name="Suropo">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo toponymo. Cui ultimo, vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Obersorpe, Mittelsorpe, Niedersorpe (Stadt Schmallenberg), 1072, 1101–31 Suropo, 1122 Sorbece, 1281–1313, 14. Jh. Sorpe, 14. Jh. Sorp superior, Sorp inferior (...)".</ref> | Sorbece Lenae<ref name="Suropo"/> seu Sorpe Lenae<ref name="Suropo"/> seu Sorp Lenae<ref name="Suropo"/> | ''Sorpe'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Lena (Rura)|Lena]]<ref name="Lena"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Tonna (flumen)|Tonna]] | | ''Tonna'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Onestrudis]]<ref name="Onestrudis"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Ulsna|Ůlsna]]<ref name="Ulsna">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oelze_(Fluss)#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird erstmals in einer Urkunde aus dem Jahre 1229 unter dem Namen Ůlsna erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Oelze'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Schwarza (Sala)|Schwarza Salae]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Waldbacum (Fossa Terrestris)|Waldbacum Fossae Terrestris]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Waldbach'' | align="right" | 10 | Fossa Terrestris<ref name="Landgraben">Substantivum "Fossa-ae" Theodiscam vocem ''Graben'' et adiectivum Latinum "terrestris-e" Theodiscum praefixum ''Land-'' vertit.</ref> | ? |} ===Flumina 9 et 5 chiliometra longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina 9 et 5 chiliometra longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Elera (Ruma)|Elera Rumae]]<ref name="Elera Rumae">Fingitur hoc nomen homonymo e fluvio Elerā in Net influente. De quo ultimo homonymo, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Elera&f=false ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''].</ref> | Elra Rumae<ref name="Elera Rumae"/> |''Eller'' | align="right" | 9 | [[Ruma (Layna)|Ruma]]<ref name="Ruma"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Finkenbacum (Hombacum)|Finkenbacum Hombacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Finkenbach'' | align="right" | 9 | [[Hombacum (Othmunda)|Hombacum Othmundae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Grana (flumen)|Grana]]<ref name="Granae">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grane_(Fluss) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss tritt in seinen ersten urkundlichen Erwähnungen des 12. Jahrhunderts als ''Grana'' in Erscheinung (...)".</ref> | | ''Grane'' | align="right" | 9 | [[Indistra]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref><ref name="Indistra"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Linkenbacum (Aisca)|Linkenbacum Aiscae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Linkenbach'' | align="right" | 9 | [[Aisca]]e<ref name="Aisca"/> fossa inundatibilis | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Loufaha]] | Louffa | ''Laufach'' | align="right" | 9 | [[Ascafa]]<ref name="Ascafa"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Fluvius Molendinorum (Saletio)|Fluvius Molendinorum Saletionis]]<ref name="Fluvius Molendinorum"/> | Mühlbach Saletionis<ref name="Mühlbach">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. De hoc flumine, vide www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu, ubi dicitur "(...) Hodie rivus Mühlbach, quem incolae vocant (...)".</ref> | ''Mühlbach'' | align="right" | 9 | [[Saletio (flumen)|Saletio]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rivus Breitenbrunnensis]]<ref name="Rivus Breitenbrunnensis">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit. Gentilicium Latinum "Breitenbrunnensis-e" Theodiscum ''Breitenbrunner'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Breitenbrunner Bach'' seu ''Spitzerbach'' | align="right" | 9 | [[Rosenbacum (Filisa)|Rosenbacum Filisae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Eschbach (Nida)|Eschbach Nidae]]<ref name="Eschbach Nidae">Vide [https://www.geschichte-nieder-eschbach.de/startseite/nieder-eschbacher-chronik/ Heimat- und Geschichtesverein Nieder-Eschbach], ubi dicitur "(...) „Eschbach inferior“ (...)".</ref> | |''Eschbach'' | align="right" | 8 | [[Nida (Moenus)|Nida Moeni]]<ref name="Nida Moeni"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Gabelbacum (Muda)|Gabelbacum Mudae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Gabelbach'' | align="right" | 8 | [[Muda (flumen)|Muda]]<ref name="Billbach"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Grunnelbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Grunnelbach'' seu ''Grunnel-Bach'' | align="right" | 8 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Rechtenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Rechtenbach'' seu ''Kaibach'' | align="right" | 8 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rohrbacum (Dürnach)|Rohrbacum Dürnachense]]<ref name="Rohrbacum Dürnachense">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Rohrbach'' | align="right" | 8 | [[Dürnach]] | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Sinse]]<ref name="Sinse">Fingitur hoc nomen homonymo e lacū. De cuius ultimi nomine, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Sims&f=false ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''], ubi dicitur "(...) prope lacum Sinse (...)".</ref> | | ''Sims'' | align="right" | 8 | [[Aha Rordorfensis]]<ref name="Aha Rordorfensis"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Swelmenaha]]<ref name="Swelmenaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwelme hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name ''Schwelme'' geht auf „Swelma auch Swelmna“ zurück. Aber auch vorher wurde der Name schon umgebildet, denn es hieß ursprünglich „Swelmenaha“ (...)".</ref> | Swelma<ref name="Swelmenaha"/> seu Swelmna<ref name="Swelmenaha"/> | ''Schwelme'' | align="right" | 8 | [[Wippera]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Beberbacum (Schuntra)|Beberbacum Schuntrae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Beberbach'' | align="right" | 7 | [[Schuntra]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Flotide (flumen)|Flotide]]<ref name="Flotide">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex [[Flöthe|oppido homonymo]]. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fl%C3%B6the#Geschichte articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Alte Bezeichnungen des Ortes sind 780–802 Flathi</ref> seu Flatide<ref name="Flotide"/> seu Flothethe<ref name="Flotide"/> seu Vlothe<ref name="Flotide"/> seu Flotethe<ref name="Flotide"/> | Flathi''' seu '''Flatide''' seu '''Flothethe''' seu '''Vlothe''' seu '''Flotethe''' | ''Flöthe'' | align="right" | 7 | [[Owe Magnum]]<ref name="Owe Magnum"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Seebacum (Erlenbacum)|Seebacum Erlenbacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 7 | [[Erlenbacum Bieringenense|Erlenbacum Bieringenense]]<ref name="-bacum"/><ref name="Bieringen"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Seebacum (Usa)|Seebacum Usae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 7 | [[Usa (Weteraha)|Usa]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wublitz]] | | ''Wublitz'' | align="right" | 7 | [[Habala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Brombacum (Nemaninga)|Brombacum Nemaningae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Brombach'' | align="right" | 6 | [[Nemaninga]]<ref name="Mümling">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCmling#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Römer nannten den Fluss ''Nemaninga'' (...) Die erste urkundliche Erwähnung als ''Mimilingum'' war im Jahre 741, die folgenden Schreibweisen sind dann 798 ''Mimelinga'' und ''Mimininga'', 819 ''Mimilingum'' und ''Mimelingen'', 1012 ''Minimingaha'' (...)".</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Goldbacum (Saletio)|Goldbacum Saletionis]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Goldbach'' | align="right" | 6 | [[Saletio (flumen)|Saletio]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Grenzau (Suale)|Grenzau Sualense]] | | ''Grenzau'' | align="right" | 6 | [[Suale]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Kapellenbacum (Wizmoin)|Kapellenbacum Wizmoinense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Kapellenbach'' seu ''Kapellenbek'' seu ''Spannbek'' | align="right" | 6 | [[Wizmoin]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Meizenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Meizenbach'' seu ''Brombach'' | align="right" | 6 | [[Rotach (Werenza)|Rotach Werenzae]] | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Nahrenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Nährenbach'' | align="right" | 6 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Rivus Geesensis|Rivus Geësensis]]<ref name="Rivus Geësensis">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit. Gentilicium Latinum "Geësensis-e" Theodiscum ''Geeser'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Geeser Bach'' | align="right" | 6 | [[Kila]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Salzaha (Helmana)|Salzaha Helmanae]]<ref name="Salzaha">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymis toponymis Theodisce ''Salza''. De his ultimis, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | Salsa Helmanae | ''Salza'' | align="right" | 6 | [[Helmana]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Seebacum (Hene)|Seebacum Henense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 6 | [[Hene]]<ref name="Hene"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Swartzpach (Mittweida Magna)|Swartzpach Mittweidae Magnae]]<ref name="Swartzpach">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzbach_(Gro%C3%9Fe_Mittweida)#Etymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss trägt denselben Namen wie die erstmals 1240 urkundlich als „Swartzpach“ erwähnte Siedlung (...)".</ref> | | ''Schwarzbach'' | align="right" | 6 | [[Mittweida Magna]]<ref name="Große"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Weysluthera]]<ref name="Weysluthera">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westerbach_(Kahl)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der ursprüngliche Gewässername ''Western'' (um 1282 ''Weysluthera'' genannt) (...)".</ref> | ''Westerbach'' seu ''Westernbach'' seu ''Westernkahl'' | align="right" | 6 | [[Calde (flumen)|Calde]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Gelbeke]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Gelenbeke<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Ghelenbeke<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Gelmke'' | align="right" | 5 | [[Aquaeductus (Ovacra)|Aquaeductus Ovacrae]]<ref name="Aquaeductus Ovacrae"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Lutra (Remisus)|Lutra Remisi]]<ref name="Lutra"/> | | ''Lauter'' | align="right" | 5 | [[Remisus]]<ref name="Remisus"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Seebacum (Isana)|Seebacum Isanae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 5 | [[Isana (Aenus)|Isana Aeni]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Seebacum (Ohe Magnum)|Seebacum Ohis Magni]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 5 | [[Ohe Magnum]]<ref name="Große">Adiectivo "magnus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Große" vertitur.</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Seebacum (Sala)|Seebacum Salae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 5 | [[Sala (Salzaha)|Sala Danubii]]<ref name="Saalach"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Westerbacum (Flotide)|Westerbacum Flotidense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | ''Westerbach'' | align="right" | 5 | [[Flotide (flumen)|Flotide]]<ref name="Flotide"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Ziegelbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Ziegelbach'' seu ''Mühlbach'' | align="right" | 5 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |} ===Flumina 4 chiliometra aut minus longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina 4 chiliometra aut minus longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Brombacum (Finkenbacum)|Brombacum Finkenbacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Brombach'' | align="right" | 4 | [[Finkenbacum (Laxbacum)|Finkenbacum Laxbacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Buchbacum (Speltach)|Buchbacum Speltachense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Buchbach'' | align="right" | 4 | [[Speltach]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Himmelsbacum (Wiese)|Himmelsbacum Wiesense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Himmelsbach'' | align="right" | 4 | [[Wiese (flumen)|Wiese]]<ref name="Wiese"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hofbacum (Rivulus Liberorum)|Hofbacum Rivuli Liberorum]]<ref name="-bacum"/><ref name="Nietzschmann 2013"/> | | ''Hofbach'' | align="right" | 4 | [[Rivulus Liberorum (flumen)|Rivulus Liberorum]]<ref name="Nietzschmann 2013"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lutra Alba|Lutra Alba]]<ref name="Lutra Alba">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine Rhenano. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}. Adiectivum Latinum "albus-a-um" Theodiscum ''Weiße'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Weiße Lauter'' | align="right" | 4 | [[Lutra (Nicer)|Lutra Niceri]]<ref name="Lutra"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Patra]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Patris<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Pathera<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Padra<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Padhera<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Padhre<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Padera<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Padre<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Padra<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Pader'' | align="right" | 4 | [[Lupia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rivus Asbachensis]]<ref name="Rivus Asbachensis">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit. Gentilicium Latinum "Asbachensis-e" Theodiscum ''Asbacher'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Asbacher Bach'' | align="right" | 4 | [[Longna]]<ref name="Longna"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Seebacum (Isara)|Seebacum Isarae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 4 | [[Isara (Bavaricus)|Isara]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Seebacum (Loufaha)|Seebacum Loufahae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 4 | [[Loufaha]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Seebacum (Steinlach)|Seebacum Steinlachense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 4 | [[Steinlach]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Billbach (Muda)|Billbach]]<ref name="Billbach">Vide [https://www.heiligenlexikon.de/ActaSanctorum/17.August.html Acta Sanctorum der Bollandisten], ubi dicitur "(...) Locum ipsum duo rivi, unus a meridie, ab incolis '''Muda (die Mud)''' alter ab oriente, vulgo '''Billbach''' dictus, præterfluunt (...)".</ref> | | ''Billbach'' | align="right" | 3 | [[Muda (flumen)|Muda]]<ref name="Billbach"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- [[Brombacum (Hemisa)|Brombacum Hemisae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Brombach'' | align="right" | 3 | [[Hemisa]]<ref name="Hemisa"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Echtbacum (Aalenbacum)|Echtbacum Aalenbacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Echtbach'' seu ''Hilpertsklingenbach'' | align="right" | 3 | [[Aalenbacum (Bilerna)|Aalenbacum Bilernae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Erlenbacum (Chinzechun)|Erlenbacum Chinzechunense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Erlenbach'' | align="right" | 3 | [[Chinzechun]]<ref name="Chinzechun"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Huttenbacum (Seebacum)|Huttenbacum Seebacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Hüttenbach'' | align="right" | 3 | [[Seebacum (Hene)|Seebacum Henense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Kapellenbacum (Bünzau)|Kapellenbacum Bünzauense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Kapellenbach'' seu ''Kapellenbek'' seu ''Spannbek'' | align="right" | 3 | [[Bünzau]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Lachsbacum (Albis)|Lachsbacum Albis]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Lachsbach'' | align="right" | 3 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Seebacum (Rezat)|Seebacum Rezatense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 3 | [[Rezat]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Fluvius Molendinorum (Liubasa)|Fluvius Molendinorum Liubasae]]<ref name="Fluvius Molendinorum"/> | | ''Mühlbach'' | align="right" | 2 | [[Liubasa]]<ref name="Liubasa"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Hosewasch]] | Hoswaschbacum<ref name="-bacum"/> seu Hosewaschbacum<ref name="-bacum"/> | ''Hosewasch'' seu ''Hoswaschbach'' seu ''Hosewaschbach'' | align="right" | 2 | [[Sala (Salzaha)|Sala Danubii]]<ref name="Saalach"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Lutra Nigra]]<ref name="Lutra Nigra">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine Rhenano. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}. Adiectivum Latinum "niger nigra nigrum" Theodiscum ''Schwarze'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Schwarze Lauter'' | align="right" | 2 | [[Lutra (Nicer)|Lutra Niceri]]<ref name="Lutra"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Seebacum (Buchbacum)|Seebacum Buchbacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 2 | [[Buchbacum (Speltach)|Buchbacum Speltachense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Seebacum (Murga)|Seebacum Murgae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 2 | [[Murga (Neoburgum)|Murga Neoburgensis]]<ref name="Murga NB"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Biske]] | | ''Biske'' | align="right" | 1 | [[Elera (Net)|Elera Netensis]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Braunsel]] | | ''Braunsel'' | align="right" | 1 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Bründelgraben]] | | ''Bründelgraben'' | align="right" | 1 | [[Scutara]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Fluvius Molendinorum (Alcmana)|Fluvius Molendinorum Alcmanae]]<ref name="Fluvius Molendinorum"/> | | ''Mühlbach'' | align="right" | 1 | [[Alcmana]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Huttenbacum (Himmelsbacum)|Huttenbacum Himmelsbacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Hüttenbach'' | align="right" | 1 | [[Himmelsbacum (Wiese)|Himmelsbacum Wiesense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Kesselbacum (Aach Zwiveltense)|Kesselbacum in Aach Zwiveltense]] | | ''Kesselbach'' seu ''Kessel Aach'' | align="right" | 1 | [[Aach Zwiveltense]]<ref name="AZ"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Laxbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Laxbach'' seu ''Lachsbach'' | align="right" | 1 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Seebacum (Echtbacum)|Seebacum Echtbacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 1 | [[Echtbacum (Aalenbacum)|Echtbacum Aalenbacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Urspring]] | | ''Urspring'' | align="right" | 1 | [[Ach (Blavius)|Ach Blavii]] | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Weihermuhlbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Weihermühlbach'' | align="right" | 1 | [[Alcmana]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Pfeffer (rivus)|Pfeffer]] | | ''Pfeffer'' | align="right" | 0.5 | [[Brancia (flumen)|Brancia]]<ref name="Brancia"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Brunnbacensis (Nicer)|Brunnbacensis Niceri]]<ref name="Brunnbacensis">Fingitur hoc nomen homonymo e monasterio. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pockau#Geschichte articulum Vicipaediae Theodiscae de huius monasterii oppido]], ubi dicitur "(...) (lateinisch ''Monasterium Brunnbacensis'') (...)".</ref> | | ''Bronnbach'' | align="right" | < 0.5 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Kapellenbacum (Alcmana)|Kapellenbacum Alcmanae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Kapellenbach'' | align="right" | < 0.5 | [[Alcmana]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Rivus de Tosingen]]<ref name="Rivus de Tosingen">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et [[Syntagma (grammaticum)|syntagma]] "de Tosingen" ad oppidum [[Tosingen]] refertur. Ultimo huic gentilicium, vide [[:de:Deising (Riedenburg)|articulum apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam hoc de oppido]], ubi dicitur "(...) Das Auftreten eines Ortsadels lässt sich mit dem zwischen 1147 und 1160 auftretenden „Ainwic de Tosingen“ (...)".</ref> | | ''Deisinger Bach'' | align="right" | < 0.5 | [[Alcmana]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Springe (rivus)|Springe]] | | ''Springe'' | align="right" | < 0.5 | [[Smiehe Parvum]]<ref name="Smiehe Parvum">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo. Cui ultimo, vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Schmiech, die, l.z. Donau, entspringt oberhalb von Springen (Gundershofen, Stadt Schelklingen, AlbDonau-Kreis, B.-W., D) aus einer ergiebigen Karstquelle, mündet südlich von Ehingen (Alb-DonauKreis). – 1298 fluvium … Smiehe (...)". Adiectivo "parvus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Kleine" vertitur.</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |} ===Flumina adhuc ignotā cum longitudine=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina adhuc ignotā cum longitudine: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Brombacum (Hofbacum)|Brombacum Hofbacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Brombach'' | [[Hofbacum (Rivulus Liberorum)|Hofbacum Rivuli Liberorum]]<ref name="-bacum"/><ref name="Nietzschmann 2013"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Brombacum (Nagalda)|Brombacum Nagaldae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Brombach'' | [[Nagalda (flumen)|Nagalda]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Brombacum (Rota)|Brombacum Rotae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Brombach'' | [[Rota (Aenus)|Rota Aeni]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Brombacum (Rura)|Brombacum Rurae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Brombach'' | [[Rura (Eiflensis)|Rura Eiflensis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Brombacum (Sinisbach)|Brombacum Sinisbacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Brombach'' | [[Sinisbach]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Brombacum (Wiscoz)|Brombacum Wiscozense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Brombach'' | [[Wiscoz]]<ref name="Wiscoz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Brumbacum (Wippera)|Brumbacum Wipperae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Brumbach'' seu ''Brombach'' | [[Wippera (Sala)|Wippera Salae]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Grenzau (Arle)|Grenzau Arlense]] | | ''Grenzau'' | [[Arle (flumen)|Arle]]<ref name="Arle"/> | [[Arle (flumen)|Arle]]<ref name="Arle"/> |- | [[Imme]] | | ''Imme'' | [[Arle (flumen)|Arle]]<ref name="Arle"/> | [[Arle (flumen)|Arle]]<ref name="Arle"/> |- | [[Nigra Aqua (Ruhland)|Nigra Aqua Ruhlandensis]]<ref name="Nigra Aqua Ruhlandensis">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo Helvetico. Cui ultimo, vide [https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/000914/2016-09-26/ Neirivue], ubi dicitur "Ehemalige politische Gemeinde FR, Bezirk Greyerz, am linken Saaneufer. 2002 mit Albeuve, Lessoc und Montbovon zur neuen Gemeinde Haut-Intyamon fusioniert. 1277 ''Nigra aqua'', früher dt. ''Schwarzwasser'' (...)". Gentilicium "Ruhlandensis-e" Theodiscum ''Ruhlander'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Ruhlander Schwarzwasser'' | [[Elstra nigra|Elstra Nigra]]<ref name="Elstra Nigra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Olbe]] | | ''Olbe'' | [[Beber (Ora)|Beber Orae]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Rivulus Niger (Gohhusia)|Rivulus Niger Gohhusiae]]<ref name="Rivulus Niger Gohhusiae">Theodisca vox ''Schwarzbach'' in Latinam "Rivulus Niger" verti solet. V.gr. vide: Schöttgen, C., & Kreysig, G. C., auctoribus (1730). ''Diplomataria et Scriptores Historiae Germanicae Medii Aevi''. [[Altenburgum in Misnia|Altenburgi]]: Richter. De toponymo "Gohhusia", vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%BCchsen#Geschichtearticulum hoc de oppido apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erstmals wurde der Ort unter dem Namen ''Gohhusia'' im Jahr 758 erwähnt (...)"</ref> | | ''Schwarzbach'' | ? | ? |- | [[Rivulus Niger (Mulda)|Rivulus Niger Muldae]]<ref name="Rivulus Niger"/> | | ''Schwarzbach'' | [[Mulda|Mulda Albis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Rivulus Niger (Rotbacum)|Rivulus Niger Rotbacensis]]<ref name="Rivulus Niger">Theodisca vox ''Schwarzbach'' in Latinam "Rivulus Niger" verti solet. V.gr. vide: Schöttgen, C., & Kreysig, G. C., auctoribus (1730). ''Diplomataria et Scriptores Historiae Germanicae Medii Aevi''. [[Altenburgum in Misnia|Altenburgi]]: Richter.</ref> | | ''Schwarzbach'' | [[Rotbacum (Rhenus)|Rotbacum Rheni]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Struga (flumen)|Struga]] | | ''Struga'' | [[Spreha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Veerde]] | | ''Veerde'' | ? | ? |- | [[Weißer Schöps]] | | ''Weißer Schöps'' | [[Schwarzer Schöps]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |} ==Notae== <references /> [[Categoria:Flumina Germaniae| ]] [[Categoria:Indices fluminum|Germania]] o6s4ynh5mw98ma7qg9todfbcjsj8y0e 0 18046 3971890 3971662 2026-07-13T21:52:07Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3971890 wikitext text/x-wiki {{latinitas}} {{Scientia dubia}} {{Pagina polienda|Vicipaedia Theodisca hic addita est fons. Sodes, dele [[Specialis:Diff/3771201/last|notiones nuper additas]].}} [[Fasciculus:Kfz-Kennzeichen in Deutschland.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|[[Tabula geographica]] [[Germania]]e.]] Hic index omnia '''[[nota autocineti|notacula]]''' continet quae hoc tempore in [[Germania]] in usu sunt. Primum litterae notaculi dicuntur. Deinde [[Circulus Germaniae|Circulus]] vel [[Circulus urbanus|municipium]] quae hoc notaculum habent. Si nomen differt a nomine capitis pagi, nomen capitis extra nominatur. In columna dextera explicatur a quo nomine litterae notaculi derivantur. Numerus litterarum, quae in notaculo sunt, [[numerus incolarum|numerum incolarum]] pagi sequitur. Maximae urbes unam litteram habent. [[Stuttgartum]] exempli gratia solum litteram S habet, quod maxima urbs est cuius nomen littera S incipit. Notacula quae et ad [[municipium (Germania)|municipium]] et ad pagum pertinent amplius explicantur. Numeri et litterae differunt prout ad municipium aut ad pagum pertinent. (X unam litteram indicat, XX duas etc., 9 unam numerum indicat, 99 duos etc. == Index notaculorum Germaniae == === 0-9 === {| class="wikitable" |- !width="9.1%" bgcolor=#BBCCFF align=left| Nota !width="90.9%" bgcolor=#BBCCFF align=left| Institutio |- | rowspan="5" | '''0''' | '''0-1''' [[autocinetum|autocineta]] [[Praesidens Foederalis Germaniae|Praesidentis Foederalis]] |- | '''0-2''' autocinetum [[cancellarius foederalis|cancellarii]] |- | '''0-3''' autocinetum [[Administer Foederalis Rerum Exterarum|administri rerum exterarum]] |- | '''0-4''' autocinetum [[secretarius rei publicae|secretarii rei publicae]] in [[officium rerum exterarum|officio rerum exterarum]] |- | '''0-xx-x(xx)''' vel '''0-xxx-x(xx)''' autocinetum membri [[Consilium Foederale Germaniae|Consilii Foederalis Germaniae]] |- | '''1''' | '''1-1''' autocinetum [[Index Praesidum Consilii Foederalis Germaniae|Praesidentis consilii foederalis]] |- |} === A === {| class="wikitable" |- | rowspan="2" | '''A''' | Urbs Augusta Vindelicorum (XX 100-999 et 5000-9999) | rowspan="2" | [[Augusta Vindelicorum]] |- | [[Circulus Augustanus Vindelicorum]] |- | '''AA''' | [[Circulus Iurae Orientalis]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Iurae Orientalis" -Theodisce ''Ostalbkreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo), Latinum toponymum "[[Iura (mons)|Iura]] [[Suebia|Suevica]]" Theodiscum ''(Schwäbische) Alb'' -hic lexemate -alb-, et denique Latinum adiectivum "orientalis-e" Theodiscum suffixum ''Ost-'' vertit. Quo de toponymo, vide [http://ephemeris.alcuinus.net/biographiae.php?id=358 ''Ephemeris''], ubi dicitur "(...) Hanc tibiam praeterito autumno repertam in spelunca neolithica Hohle Fels (in Iura Suevica Germanorum) (...)". De Latinā huius circuli versione, confer aliarum linguarum versiones ''Distrito dos Alpes Orientais'' et Восточный Альб.</ref>, Sedes magistratus in oppido [[Ala (Germania)|Ala]] est. | [[Ala (Germania)|Ala]] |- | rowspan="2" | '''AB''' | [[Circulus Aschaffenburgensis]] (XX 999) | rowspan="2" | [[Aschaffenburgum]] |- | Oppidum [[Aschaffenburgum]] (Reliquae notae) |- | '''ABG''' | [[Circulus terrae Altenburgensis]] | [[Altenburgum]] |- | rowspan="2" | '''AC''' | Urbs Aquisgranum | rowspan="2" | [[Aquisgranum]] |- | [[Circulus Aquisgranensis]]: Sedes magistratus ''[[Aquisgranum|Aquisgrani]]'' est. |- | '''AIC''' | ''[[Circulus Aechensis et Frewbergensis]]'', Sedes in oppido [[Aecha]] | [[Aecha|Aecha - ''Aichach'']] <ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | '''AK''' | ''[[Circulus Altenkirchen]]'' | ''[[Altenkirchen]]'' |- | '''AM''' | ''Urbs [[Amberga]]'' | [[Amberga|Amberga - ''Amberg'']] <ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" | '''AN''' | ''[[Circulus Onoldensis]]'' (AA-ZZ 100-999) | rowspan="2" | [[Onoldum]] - ''Ansbach'' |- | ''Urbs [[Onoldum]]'' <ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> (reliquae notae quae sunt: A-Z 1-999 et AA-ZZ 1-99) |- | '''ANA''' | [[Circulus Annabergensis]]. Sedes magistratus est [[Annaberga-Buchholzia|Annabergae-Buchholziae]]<ref name="Egli 1893">Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter.</ref> | [[Annaberga|Annaberga -''Annaberg'']] <ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | '''AÖ''' | [[Circulus Oetingae Veteris]] | [[Oetinga Vetus]] <ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | '''AP''' | [[Circulus Terra Vimariana]]. Sedes magistratus est [[Apoldia]]e | [[Apolda|Apoldia - ''Apolda'']] <ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | '''AS''' | ''[[Circulus Ambergensis et Solisbacensis]]''. Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Amberga]] | Amberga et [[Solisbacum]]<ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> - ''Amberg-Sulzbach'' |- | '''ASL''' | ''[[Circulus Ascanensis et Stassfurtensis]]''. Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Ascania]] | [[Ascania]] |- | '''ASZ''' | ''[[Circulus Owensis et Nigrensis Monensis]]''. Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Owa]] | Owa et [[Niger Mons in Fergunna]] - ''Aue-Schwarzenberg'' |- | '''AUR''' | [[Circulus terrae Auriacensis]] | [[Auriacum|Auriacum - ''Aurich'']] <ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | '''AW''' | ''[[Circulus Aerwilrensis]]''. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Aerwilra]]'' | [[Aerwilra|Aerwilra - ''Ahrweiler'']] <ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | '''AZ''' | ''[[Circulus Alceiensis et Vormatiensis]]''. Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Alceia]] | [[Alceia]] <ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> et [[Vormatia]] - [[Alceia]] et [[Wormatia]] |- | '''AZE''' | ''[[Circulus Servestinus Anhaltinus]]''. Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Servesta Anhaltina|Servesta Anhaltina- ''Zerbst/Anhalt'']] | [[Servesta Anhaltina|Servesta Anhaltina - ''Zerbst/Anhalt'']] |- |} === B === {| class="wikitable" |- | rowspan="2" | '''B''' | Urbs [[Berolinum]] | rowspan="2" | Berolinum |- | [[Legatorum Domus Berolini]] et [[Senatus Berolini]] |- | rowspan="2" | '''BA''' | [[Circulus terrae Bambergensis]] (AA-ZZ 100-9999 / apud numeros infra 100 litterae B,G,F,I,O,Q in nota esse debent.) | rowspan="2" | [[Bamberga|Bamberga - ''Bamberg'']] <ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | Urbs [[Bamberga]] (A-Z 1-9999, AA usque ad ZZ 1-99, sine litteris B,G,F,I,O,Q (Circulus)) |- | '''BAD''' | Urbs [[Badena]]<ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> | Baden-Baden |- | '''BAR''' | [[Circulus terrae Barnimensis]].<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Barnimensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Barnim'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo), et de Latino gentilicio "Barnimensis-e" -quod ad toponymum "Barnimia" refertur-, vide [https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/XNMCGCCPE3Z4YSUNTOVAQCP3IS2HPNUW ''D. Joh. Dan. Gohlii, Medici Provincialis circuli Barnimensis superioris'' (...)], ubi dicitur "(...) D. Joh. Dan. Gohlii, Medici Provincialis circuli Barnimensis superioris (...)". De toponymo "Barnimia", vide: Bekmann, J. C. (1751). ''Historische Beschreibung der Chur und Mark Brandenburg''. Berolini: Vossische Buchhandlung.<</ref> Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Neustadium Eberswaldum]].<ref>[https://books.google.de/books?id=KRg_AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA13&lpg=PA13&dq=b&soernoaurce=bl&ots=4brJFBorwj&sig=XY6QC0w1kGJeOjrx3OFX9A3-Yks&hl=de&sa=X&ei=op4iVdnuIIH2sgGc7YH4Dw&sqi=2&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Neustadium&f=false google books: Scriptorum De Rebus Marchiae Brandenburgensis Maxime Celebrium Nicolai ...]</ref> | [[Barnimia]]<ref name="Bekmann 1751">Bekmann, J. C. (1751). ''Historische Beschreibung der Chur und Mark Brandenburg''. Berolini: Vossische Buchhandlung.</ref> |- | '''BB''' | [[Circulus terrae Biboniensis]] | [[Bibonium]]<ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> - ''Böblingen'' |- | '''BBG''' | [[Circulus Ursopolensis]] | [[Ursopolis]]<ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> - ''Bernburg'' |- | '''BBL''' | [[Senatus Terrae Brandenburgensis]] et regimine terrae | [[Brandenburg]]ensis [[senatus terrae]] |- | '''BC''' | [[Circulus Biberacensis]] | [[Biberacum]]<ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> - ''Biberach'' |- | '''BD''' | Autocineta [[Organum Constitutionale|organorum constitutionalium]] ([[Senatus Foederalis Germaniae]], [[Consilium Foederale Germaniae|Consilium Foederale]], [[Regimen Foederale (Germania)|Regimen Foederale]], [[Officium Praesidentis Foederalis]] et [[Iudices Constitutionales Foederales]]) | [[Germania|Res Publica Foederalis]] |- | '''BGL''' | [[Circulus Terrae Berchtesgadenensis|Terra Berchtesgadenensis]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Terrae Berchtesgadenensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Berchtesgadener Land'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum "terra-ae" Theodiscum ''Land'' vertit et Latinum gentilicum "Berchtesgadenensis-e" ad [[Berchtesgaden]] refertur.</ref>. Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Halla Bavarica]]<ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Berchtesgaden]]er Land |- | '''BI''' | [[Bilivelda]] | Bilivelda - ''Bielefeld'' |- | '''BIR''' | [[Circulus Bircofeldensis]] | [[Bircofelda]]<ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> - ''Birkenfeld'' |- | '''BIT''' | [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Bedense]]''<ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> | Bedense et Pruma - ''Bitburg-Prüm'' |- | '''BL''' | [[Circulus Montium Zolnerensium]].<ref>''Alb'' sunt montes, ''(Hohen)zollern'' de Graesse Zolnerum appellatus.</ref> Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Balinga]] | Montes Zolnerenses |- | '''BLK''' | [[Circulus Terrae Castellorum]].<ref>''Burg'' est castellum, ''Land'' est terra.</ref> Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Naumburgum]]''<ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Burgenlandkreis'' |- | '''BM''' | [[Circulus Rhenanus et Arnefensis]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Tiberiacum]]''<ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Rhein-Erft-Kreis'' |- | '''BN''' | Urbs [[Bonna]] | ''Bonn'' |- | '''BO''' | Urbs [[Baucum (Germania)|Baucum]] | Baucum - ''Bochum'' |- | '''BÖ''' | [[Bördekreis]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Oschersleben (Bode)]]'' | [[Magdeburger Börde|Börde]] |- | '''BOR''' | [[Circulus Burkenensis|Burkena]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Burkenensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Borken'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo), et de Latino toponymo "[[Burkena]]" -ad quod gentilicium "Burkenensis-e" refertur-, vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=21&cq=d&lang=en ''bavarikon.de''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Burkena:''' Borken, Kr,. preuss. (...)".</ref><ref name="Burkena">Vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=21&cq=d&lang=en ''bavarikon.de''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Burkena:''' Borken, Kr,. preuss. (...)".</ref> | [[Burkena]]<ref name="Burkena"/> |- | '''BOT''' | Urbs [[Bottrop]] | Bottrop |- | '''BP''' | [[Aediles Foederales (Germania)|Aediles Foederales]] – usque ab 30. Aprilis 2006 | Aediles Foederales (olim: Cursus Publicus Germanus Foederalis) |- | '''BRA''' | [[Circulus Alluvionis Visurgensis]].<ref>''Marsch'' est alluvio, vide etiam [[Visurgis]].</ref> Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Brake]]''<ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Wesermarschkreis'' |- | '''BRB''' | Oppidum [[Brandenburgum (oppidum)]] | ''Brandenburg'' |- | '''BS''' | [[Brunsvicum]] | Brunsvicum - ''Braunschweig'' |- | rowspan="2" | '''BT''' | [[Circulus terrae Baruthensis]] (AA-ZZ 100-9999, B,F,G etiam singulariter) | rowspan="2" | Baruthum - ''Bayreuth'' |- | Urbs [[Baruthum]] (A-Z 1-9999, AA-ZZ 1-99, sine litteris B,F,G (Circulus)) |- | '''BTF''' | [[Circulus Agri Amarensis]] | [[Ager Amarensis]]<ref>''bitter'' amarus est, ''Feld'' est ager.</ref> - ''Bitterfeld'' |- | '''BÜS''' | [[Commune]] [[Büsingen am Hochrhein]] (Commune in circulo [[Constantia (Germania)| terrae Constantiensis]]) | ''Büsingen'' |- | '''BW''' | [[Magistratus Aquarum et Navium Foederalis]] | Magistratus Aquarum et Navium Foederalis |- | '''BWL''' | [[Senatus Badeniae-Virtembergiae|Senatus Terrae Foederalis]] et [[Regimen Badeniae-Virtembergiae]] | [[Badenia-Virtembergia|Badeniae-Virtembergiae]] [[Senatus Terrae Foederalis]] |- | '''BYL''' | [[Senatus Bavariae]] et [[Rerum Politicarum Curatores Rei Publicae Bavariae]] | [[Bavaria]]e [[Senatus Terrae Foederalis]] |- | '''BZ''' | [[Circulus terrae Budissensis]] | [[Budissa]] |- |} === C === {| class="wikitable" |- | '''C''' | Urbs [[Chemnicium]] | [[Chemnicium]] |- | '''CB''' | [[Urbs]] [[Cotbusium]] | [[Cotbusium]] |- | '''CE''' | [[Circulus Cellensis]] | [[Cella (Germania)|Cella]]<ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | '''CHA''' | [[Circulus terrae Camblensis]] | [[Cambla]]<ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | '''CLP''' | [[Circulus Cloppenburgensis]] | [[Cloppenburgum]] |- | rowspan="2" | '''CO''' | [[Circulus terrae Coburgenis|Circulus Coburgensis]] (AA-ZZ 100-999) | rowspan="2" | [[Coburgus]] |- | Urbs [[Coburgus]] (alia) |- | '''COC''' | [[Circulus terrae Cochemiensis et Cellensis]].<ref name = Graesse/> Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Cochemium]]<ref name = Graesse/> | [[Cochemium]]-[[Cella (Germania)|Cella]]<ref name="Graesse"/> |- | '''COE''' | [[Circulus Cosfeldiensis]] | [[Cosfeldia]] |- | '''CUX''' | [[Circulus Cuxhavensis]] | [[Cuxhavia]]<ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | '''CW''' | [[Circulus terrae Calewensis]] | [[Calewa]] |- |} === D === {| class="wikitable" |- | '''D''' | Urbs [[Dusseldorpium]] | [[Dusseldorpium]] |- | rowspan="2" | '''DA''' | [[Darmstadium]] (AA-ZZ 100-999) | rowspan="2" | Darmstadium |- | [[Circulus terrae Darmstadiensis et Dieburgensis]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido Darmstadio (cetera) |- | '''DAH''' | [[Circulus Tachoviensis]] | [[Tachovia (Bavaria)]]<ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | '''DAN''' | [[Circulus terrae Luchoviensis et Danebergensis]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Luchovia]]'' | [[Daneberga]]<ref name="Hofmannus">{{Hofmannus}}</ref> |- | '''DAU''' | [[Circulus Dumno]] | [[Dumno]]<ref name="Graesse"/> |- | '''DBR''' | [[Circulus Doberanum|Circulus Aquarum Doberanarum]] | [[Doberanum|Aquae Doberanae]] |- | '''DD''' | Urbs [[Dresda]] | Dresda |- | '''DE''' | Urbs [[Dessavia]] | Dessau |- | '''DEG''' | [[Circulus terrae Deggendorfensis|Circulus Deggendorfensis]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Deggendorfensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Deggendorf'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo "[[Deggendorfium]]" -ad quod Latinum gentilicium "Deggendorfensis-e" refertur-, vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB10372085?p=485&cq=Candidus,%20Pantaleon&lang=de ''Chronica Bavaricae Capucinorum Provinciae : in brevem summam collecta a religionis institutione usque ad eius resuscitationem''], ubi dicitur "(...) P. Ludovicus Sedlmair Deggendorfensis confessarius semper ei propre esse debuit (...) Testes erant Monachium, Straubinga, Deggendorfium, Bulsanum (...)".</ref><ref name="Deggendorfium">Vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB10372085?p=485&cq=Candidus,%20Pantaleon&lang=de ''Chronica Bavaricae Capucinorum Provinciae : in brevem summam collecta a religionis institutione usque ad eius resuscitationem''], ubi dicitur "(...) P. Ludovicus Sedlmair Deggendorfensis confessarius semper ei propre esse debuit (...) Testes erant Monachium, Straubinga, Deggendorfium, Bulsanum (...)".</ref> |- | '''DEL''' | Oppidum [[Delmenhorstium]]<ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> | Delmenhorstium |- | '''DGF''' | [[Circulus Dingolfingensis et Landaviensis]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Dingolfinga]]<ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> | Dingolfinga et Landavia |- | '''DH''' | [[Circulus terrae Diepholtia]]<ref name="Hofmannus"/> | [[Diepholtia]]<ref name="Hofmannus"/> |- | '''DL''' | [[Circulus Debelensis]] | [[Debelum]]<ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> - ''Debeln'' |- | '''DLG''' | [[Circulus terrae Dilingensis]] | [[Dilinga]] |- | '''DM''' | [[Circulus Demmiensis]] | [[Demmium]]<ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> - ''Demmin'' |- | '''DN''' | | [[Circulus Marcodurensis]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Marcodurensis" -Theodisce ''Kreis Düren'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et et Latinum gentilicium "Marcodurensis-e" ad [[Marcodurum]] refertur.</ref> | [[Marcodurum]]<ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> - ''Düren'' |- | '''DO''' | Urbs [[Tremonia]] | [[Tremonia]] |- | '''DON''' | [[Retiensis pagus]].<ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Donaverda]]<ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Donau-Ries'' |- | '''DU''' | Urbs [[Thuiscoburgum]] | [[Thuiscoburgum]] |- | '''DÜW''' | [[Circulus terrae Turingensis]] | [[Turingum]]<ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> ad vini viam Germanam - ''Bad Dürkheim'' |- | '''DW''' | [[Circulus Albulensis]].<ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Dippoldiswalde]]'' | ''Weißeritzkreis'' |- | '''DZ''' | [[Circulus Delitiensis]] | [[Delitium]] |- |} === E === {| class="wikitable" |- | '''E''' | [[Urbs]] [[Assindia]] | Assindia |- | '''EA''' | Urbs [[Ysenacum]] | Ysenacum |- | '''EBE''' | [[Circulus terrae Ebersbergensis]] | [[Ebersberga]]<ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | '''ED''' | [[Circulus terrae Ariodunensis]] | [[Ariodunum]]<ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | '''EE''' | [[Circulus terrae Albis et Elstrae]].<ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Hertzberga]]''<ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''[[Albis]]-[[Elstra]]'' |- | '''EF''' | Urbs [[Erfordia]] | Erfordia |- | '''EI''' | [[Circulus terrae Astanienis]] | [[Astania]]<ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | '''EIC''' | [[Circulus terrae Eichsfeldiensis]]. Sedes magistratus est in ''[[Sanctorum Urbs]]''<ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Eichsfeldia]]<ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | '''EL''' | [[Circulus Terrae Emesensis]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Meppea]]''<ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Emsland'' |- | '''EM''' | [[Circulus terrae Emmendingensis]] | [[Emmendinga]]<ref name=de.wiki>De Germanica Vicipaedia</ref> |- | '''EMD''' | Urbs [[Emda]]<ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Emden'' |- | '''EMS''' | [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Embasis]]''<ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> * Urbs [[Lahnstein]] ("VA 1 - ZZ 999") * Reliqua pagi ("A 1 - Z 999" et "AA 1 - UZ 999") | Bad Ems |- | '''EN''' | [[Empere-Rura-Pagus-Terrestris]]. Sedes magistratus est [[Schwelma]]e<ref>Wernherus Teschenmacher, ''Annales Cliviae, Iuliae, Montiae, Marchiae, Ravensburgiae Antiquae et Modernae'' {{Google Books|OQxlAAAAcAAJ|pag. 301}}.</ref> (Theodisce ''Schwelm'') | [[Empere]] |- | '''ER''' | Urbs [[Erlanga]]<ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Erlangen'' |- | '''ERB''' | [[Circulus Ottenicus]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Ottenicus" -Theodisce ''Odenwaldkreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo "Ottenica silva" -ad quod adiectivum "Ottenicus-a-um'' refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Graesse"/>.<ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Erpachium]] | ''Odenwaldkreis'' |- | '''ERH''' | [[Circulus terrae Erlangensis et Hoechstensis]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Erlanga]]'' | ''Erlangen-Höchstadt'' |- | '''ES''' | [[Circulus terrae Eslingensis]] | [[Eslinga]] |- | '''ESW''' | [[Pagus Verrae Visnerique]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Scuvegia]]<ref name="Hofmannus"/> | ''Werra-Meißner-Kreis'' |- | '''EU''' | [[Circulus Euskirchensis]] | [[Euskircha]]<ref name="Euskircha">Vide [https://archive.org/stream/archivdergesell00dngoog/archivdergesell00dngoog_djvu.txt ''Archiv der Gesellschaft für Ältere Deutsche Geschichtskunde zur Beförderung einer Gesammtausgabe der Quellenschriften Deutscher Geschichten der Mittelalters''], ubi dicitur "(...) Chronica Tilmanni (Tilmans rocati de Euskircha canonici ecclesie S. Crisanti et Mariae monasterii Eyffliae) (...)".</ref> |- |} === F === {| class="wikitable" |- | '''F''' | Urbs [[Francofurtum ad Moenum]] | Francofurtum |- | '''FB''' | [[Circulus Wetterauensis]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Wetterauensis" -Theodisce ''Wetteraukreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et Latinum gentilicium "Wetterauensis-e" ad [[Weteraiba]]m refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}; et quo de gentilicio, hoc derivatur ex epitheto [[binomen|binominali]] "wetterauensis". De hoc epitheto, confer, v.gr. "Melanochelys mossoczyi wetterauensis".</ref>. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Friedberga]]'' | [[Weteraiba]]<ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | '''FD''' | [[Circulus terrae Fuldensis]] | [[Fulda]] |- | '''FDS''' | [[Circulus terrae Freudenstadiensis]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Freudenstadiensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Freudenstadt'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Freudenstadiensis-e" ad [[Freudenstadium]] refertur. Quod de toponymo, vide [https://archive.org/stream/p3nuovodizionari02vene/p3nuovodizionari02vene_djvu.txt ''Nuovo dizionario geografico universale, statistico, storico, commerciale. Compilato sulle grandi opere di Arrowsmith et al.''], ubi dicitur "(...) FREUDENSTADT o FREDESTADT Fridericistadium o Freudenstadium (...)". De gentilicio "Freudenstadiensis-e", vide [https://wellcomecollection.org/works/rdsczp6s ''wellcomecollection.org''], ubi dicitur "(...) Disputatio medica inauguralis, sistens aegrum dysentericum ... / praeside D. Rudolpho Jacobo Camerario, ... pro licentia ... publico eruditorum examini submittit Johannes Andreas Planer, Freudenstadiensis (...)</ref><ref name="Freudenstadium">Vide [https://archive.org/stream/p3nuovodizionari02vene/p3nuovodizionari02vene_djvu.txt ''Nuovo dizionario geografico universale, statistico, storico, commerciale. Compilato sulle grandi opere di Arrowsmith et al.''], ubi dicitur "(...) FREUDENSTADT o FREDESTADT Fridericistadium o Freudenstadium (...)"</ref> | [[Freudenstadium]]<ref name="Freudenstadium"/> |- | '''FF''' | Urbs [[Francofortum ad Oderam]] | Francofortum ad Oderam |- | '''FFB''' | [[Circulus terrae Pontis Campi Principis|Pons Campi Principi]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Onoldum" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Fürstenfeldbruck'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) Latinum substantivum "pons pontis" Theodiscum lexema ''-bruck'' vertit et de Latino toponymo casū genetivo "Campi Principis" ad monasterium Campum Principis refertur. Quo de monasterio, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kloster_F%C3%BCrstenfeld articulum eius apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Das '''Kloster Fürstenfeld''' (lateinisch ''Monasterium Campus-Principis'') (...).</ref><ref name="Pons Campi Principis">Fingitur nomen "Pons Campi Principis" -Theodisce ''Fürstenfeldbruck'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "pons pontis" Theodiscum lexema ''-bruck'' vertit et de Latino toponymo casū genetivo "Campi Principis" ad monasterium Campum Principis refertur. Quo de monasterio, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kloster_F%C3%BCrstenfeld articulum eius apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Das '''Kloster Fürstenfeld''' (lateinisch ''Monasterium Campus-Principis'') (...).</ref> | [[Pons Campi Principis]]<ref name="Pons Campi Principis"/> - ''Fürstenfeldbruck'' |- | '''FG''' | [[Circulus Fribergensis]] | [[Friberga]] |- | '''FL''' | Urbs [[Flensburgum]] | Flensburg |- | '''FN''' | [[Circulus Lacus Bodamici]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Friderici Portus]] | ''Bodenseekreis'' |- | '''FO''' | [[Circulus terrae Forchemiensis]] | [[Forchemium]]<ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" | '''FR''' | Urbs [[Friburgum Brisgoviae]] (XX 999) | rowspan="2" | [[Friburgum Brisgoviae|Friburgum]] |- | [[Circulus Brisgoviensis et Hercynienis]].<ref>cf. [[Nigra Silva]]</ref> Sedes magistratus est in oppido Friburgum Brisgoviae |- | '''FRG''' | [[Circulus Freyung-Grafenau]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Freyung]]'' | Freyung |- | '''FRI''' | [[Circulus Frisicus]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Geverae]]''<ref name=de.wiki>De Germanica Vicipaedia</ref> | ''Friesland'' |- | '''FS''' | [[Circulus terrae Frisingensis]] | [[Frisinga]] |- | '''FT''' | Urbs [[Francodalia]]<ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Frankenthal'' |- | rowspan="2" | '''FÜ''' | Urbs [[Furtha]]<ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> (XX 999) | rowspan="2" | Furtha - ''Fürth'' |- | [[Circulus terrae Furthensis]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Zirndorf]]'' (reliqua) |- |} === G === {| class="wikitable" |- | '''G''' | Urbs [[Gerapolis]] | [[Gerapolis]] |- | '''GAP''' | [[Circulus terrae Germagensis et Parthanensis]] | [[Germagae et Parthanum]] - ''Garmisch-Partenkirchen'' |- | '''GC''' | [[Circulus Terrae Chemniciensis]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Glaucha]]''<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Chemnitzer Land'' |- | '''GE''' | Urbs [[Gelsenkircha]]<!--nomen latinum: https://www.uni-due.de/collcart/matrikel/1730-39/080-1734/1734.htm et https://books.google.be/books?id=WtJKAAAAcAAJ&lpg=RA1-PT1&ots=ysdf7qp3yh&dq=Gelſenkircha&hl=de&pg=RA1-PT1#v=onepage&q=Gelſenkircha&f=false --> | [[Gelsenkircha]] - ''Gelsenkirchen'' |- | '''GER''' | [[Circulus terrae Iulius Vicus]] | [[Iulius Vicus]]<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> - ''Germersheim'' |- | '''GF''' | [[Circulus Gifhorn]] | [[Gifhorn]] |- | '''GG''' | [[Circulus terrae Gerahensis]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Gerahensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Groß-Gerau'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Gerahensis-e" ad [[Geraha]]m refertur. Quod de toponymo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gro%C3%9F-Gerau#Geschichte articulum huius toponymi apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Geraha (1002/09/13) (...).</ref> | [[Geraha]]<ref name="Geraha">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gro%C3%9F-Gerau#Geschichte articulum huius toponymi apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Geraha (1002/09/13) (...).</ref> - ''Groß-Gerau'' |- | '''GI''' | [[Circulus terrae Gissensis]] | [[Gissa Hassorum]]<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> - ''Gießen'' |- | '''GL''' | [[Circulus Rhenanus et Bergensis]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Rhenanus et Bergensis" -Theodisce ''Rheinisch-Bergischer Kreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum ''Kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Rhenanus-a-um" et "Bergensis-e" ad flumen [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] et ad locum Bergam referuntur. Quibus de toponymis, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Ducatus Montensis|Gladbacum Montensis]]''<ref>[http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/BEC_BER/BERG_Ducatus_Montensis_.html Ducatus Montensis]</ref> | ''Rheinisch-Bergischer Kreis'' |- | '''GM''' | [[Circulus Terrae Montensis Superioris]]<ref name="CTMS">Fingitur nomen huius [[Circulus terrae|circuli]], qui Theodisce ''Oberbergischer Kreis'' nuncupatur, ex Latino adiectivo "superior-ius" -Theodiscum praefixum ''Ober-'' vertens- et toponymico syntagmate genetivo "Terrae Montensis". Hoc de syntagmate, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergisches_Land#Historisch-geographisch articulum apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam de Terrā Montensi], ubi dicitur "(...) Der adjektivische lateinische Begriff ''terre Montensis'', also ''des Bergischen Landes'' wird erstmals in einer Schuldverschreibungsurkunde der bergischen Grafen vom 6. September 1363 schriftlich festgehalten, wobei aber schon in früheren Urkunden ''terra de Monte'' oder ''Land von Berg'' erscheinen (...)".</ref>. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Gumeresbraht]]''<ref name=de.wiki>De Germanica Vicipaedia</ref> | ''Oberbergischer Kreis'' |- | '''GÖ''' | [[Circulus Gottingae]] * Circulus alius (XX 999) * [[Gottinga]] (alia) | Gottinga |-<ref>nota</ref> | '''GP''' | [[Circulus terrae Goppingensis]] | [[Goppinga]]<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> - ''Göppingen'' |- | '''GR''' | Urbs [[Gorlicium Germaniae|Gorlicium]] | Gorlicium |- | '''GRZ''' | [[Circulus Gradecensis]] | [[Gradec]]<ref name=de.wiki>De Germanica Vicipaedia</ref> - ''Greiz'' |- | '''GS''' | [[Circulus Goslariensis]] | [[Goslaria]] |- | '''GT''' | [[Circulus Guterslohensis]] | [[Gutersloha]] |- | '''GTH''' | [[Circulus Gotensis]] | [[Gota]]<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | '''GÜ''' | [[Circulus Gustroviensis]] | [[Gustrovium]]<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | '''GZ''' | [[Circulus Guntiensis]] | [[Guntia]] |- |} === H === {| class="wikitable" |- | '''H''' | [[Regio Hannoverae]] * [[Hannovera]] (XX 999, B,F,G,I,O et Q 999 vel -X 99) * Alia regio (alia) | Hannovera |- | '''HA''' | Urbs [[Hagenium]] | Hagenium |- | '''HAL''' | Urbs [[Halla Saxonum]] | Halla Saxonum |- | '''HAM''' | Urbs [[Hammona]] | Hammona |- | '''HAS''' | [[Circulus terrae Hassorum montium]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Hasfurtum]]''<ref>Vide [https://www.e-rara.ch ''Lexicum geographicum''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Hasfurtum'',. Hasfurt , ''ad Moenum fluvium'' (...)".</ref> | ''Haßberge'' |- | rowspan="3" | '''HB''' | Urbs [[Bremae Portus]] (A-Z 1000-9999) | rowspan="3" | [[Hansa|Hanseatica]] Civitas Brema |- | Urbs [[Brema]] * Brema borealis (AA-ZZ 1-99 et A-Z 1-999) * Civitas reliqua (AA-ZZ 100-999) |- | [[Civitas Bremensis]] et senatus Bremensis |- | '''HBN''' | [[Circulus Hilperusiensis]] | [[Hilperusia]]<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | '''HBS''' | [[Circulus Halberstadensis]] | [[Halberstadium]]<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> - ''Halberstadt'' |- | rowspan="2" | '''HD''' | [[Circulus Rhenanus ac Nicerinus]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Heidelberga]] (''AA-ZZ 100-9999'') | rowspan="2" | Heidelberga |- | Urbs Heidelberga (alio) |- | '''HDH''' | [[Circulus terrae Heidenheimensis|Heidenheimium]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Heidenheimensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Heidenheim'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Heidenheimensis-e" ad [[Heidenheimium]] refertur. Et quo de gentilicio et quo de toponymo, vide [https://www.heiligenlexikon.de/ActaSanctorum/25.Februar.html ''Acta Sanctorum''], ubi dicitur "(...) Walburgis Virgo, Abbatissa Heidenheimensis in Germania (...) Eystadio, qua versus Mœnum & Franconiam itur, est Heidenheimium (...)".</ref> | [[Aquileia Sueviae]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080626045931/http://www.abklex.de/ursel/rom.php Index nominum Latinorum loci (Theodisce)]</ref> - |- | '''HE''' | [[Circulus Helmstadiensis]] | [[Helmstadium]] |- | '''HEF''' | [[Circulus Herocampiensis et Rotenburgensis]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Herocampia]]<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Hersfeld-Rotenburg'' |- | '''HEI''' | [[Dithmarsia|Circulus Dithmarsiensis]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Heida]] | '' |- | '''HEL''' | [[Senatus Hassiae]] et [[Hassiae regimen]] | [[Hassia]]e [[Senatus]] |- | '''HER''' | Urbs [[Haranni Villa]] | Herne |- | '''HF''' | [[Circulus Herfordiensis]] | [[Herfordia Vestfaliae]] |- | '''HG''' | [[Circulus Tauni Superioris]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Homburgum ad clivum]]<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Hochtaunuskreis'' |- | '''HGW''' | Urbs [[Gryphiswalda]] | [[Hansa|Hanseatica]] Civitas Gryphiswalda |- | rowspan="2" | '''HH''' | Urbs [[Hamburgum]] * [[Hamburgum-Medium]] (AA-ZZ 100-9999) * Hamburgum-Meridionale/[[Hamburg-Harburg|Harburg]] (AA-ZZ 1-99, A-S 1000-9999) * [[Bille]]/[[Hamburg-Bergedorf|Bergedorf]] (A-Z 1-999, U-Z 1000-9999) | rowspan="2" | [[Hansa|Hanseatica]] Civitas Hamburgum |- | [[Civitas Hamburgensis]] et Senatus Hamburgensis |- | '''HI''' | [[Circulus Hildesiensis]] | [[Hildesia]] |- | '''HL''' | Urbs [[Lubeca]] | [[Hansa|Hanseatica]] Civitas Lubeca |- | '''HM''' | [[Circulus Hamelensis et Petrimontensis]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Hamala]]<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Hameln-Pyrmont'' |- | rowspan="2" | '''HN''' | [[Circulus terrae Hailprunna (Badenia et Virtembergia)|Circulus terrae Hailprunna]] (XX 999) | rowspan="2" | [[Hailprunna]] |- | Urbs [[Hailprunna]]<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> (alio) |- | rowspan="2" | '''HO''' | Urbs [[Hofium Variscorum]] | rowspan="2" | Hofium Variscorum |- | [[Circulus terrae Curiae Variscorum]] |- | '''HOL''' | [[Circulus Holtisminnensis]] | [[Holtisminni]]<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> - ''Holzminden'' |- | '''HOM''' | [[Circulus Saravi et Palatinatus|Saravus et Palatinatus]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Saravi et Palatinatūs" -Theodisce ''Saarpfalz-Kreis' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-Kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit; de Latino toponymo "[[Palatinatus]]", Theodiscum lexema ''-pfalz'' vertente, et de Latino toponymo "[[Saravus]]", vide {{Graesse}}. De Latinā huius circuli versione, confer aliarum linguarum versiones ''Distrito de Sarre-Palatinado'' et ''Arrondissement de Sarre-Palatinat'' et ''Sarre-Palatinado'' et ''Zemský okres Sárská Falc''.</ref>. Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Homburgum ad Saravum]] (sine [[Oppido St. Ingbert]]) | ''Saarpfalzkreis'' |- | '''HP''' | [[Circulus terrae Viae Montanae]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Viae Montanae" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Bergstraße'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum "viae-ae" Theodiscum lexema ''-straße'' et Latinum adiectivum "montanus-a-um" Theodiscum lexema ''Berg-'' vertit.</ref>. Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Heppenheim]]<ref name="Heppenheim">Vide [file:///C:/Users/34622/Downloads/Amico%20lectori%20salutem!.pdf ''Amico lectori salutem!''], ubi dicitur "(...) facta donatio Ecclesiae parochialis in ''Heppenheim'' (...)".</ref> | ''Bergstraße'' |- | '''HR''' | [[Circulus Sualmanahensis et Adranensis]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Sualmanahensis et Adranensis" -Theodisce ''Schwalm-Eder-Kreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Sualmanahensis-e" et "Adranensis-e" ad flumina [[Sualmanaha]]m et [[Adrana]]m respective referuntur. Primo de hydronymo, vide [https://www.hna.de/lokales/schwalmstadt/schwalmstadt-ort68394/der-nebelfluss-und-seine-geschichte-90881979.html hna.de], ubi dicitur "(...) In der älteren Wissenschaft wird behauptet, im 8. und 9. Jahrhundert habe der Fluss „Sualmanaha“, „Suualmanaha“ und „Swalmanaha“ gelautet, was Dampfwasser oder Nebelfluss oder Nebelgewässer bedeutete (...)"; de secundo, vide [https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Ab_excessu_divi_Augusti_(Annales)/Liber_I#LVI Taciti ''Ab excessū dovo Augusti/Liber I, caput LVI] ubi dicitur "(...) iuventus flumen Adranam nando tramiserat (...)".</ref>. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Homberga (Effese)|Homberga]]'' | ''Schwalm-Eder-Kreis'' |- | '''HRO''' | Urbs [[Rostochium]] | [[Hansa|Hanseatica]] Civitas Rostochium |- | '''HS''' | [[Circulus Heinsbergensis]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Heinsbergensis" -Theodisce ''Kreis Heinsberg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Heinsberga]]" -ad quod gentilicium "Heinsbergensis-e" refertur-, vide [https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/krit002anna02_01/krit002anna02_01_0062.php ''Annales Gangeltenses''], ubi dicitur "(...) et Heinsbergenses nostrosque dominos ex bonis authoribus investigatum imus (...) Heinsberga vel quod Henrici mons sit vel ab equo et aggesto nomen habet (...)".</ref><ref name="Heinsberga">Vide [https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/krit002anna02_01/krit002anna02_01_0062.php ''Annales Gangeltenses''], ubi dicitur "(...) et Heinsbergenses nostrosque dominos ex bonis authoribus investigatum imus (...) Heinsberga vel quod Henrici mons sit vel ab equo et aggesto nomen habet (...)".</ref> | ''Heinsberga''<ref name="Heinsberga"/> |- | '''HSK''' | |[[Circulus terrae Sauerlandiae Superioris]]<ref name="Hochsauerlandkreis">Fingitur nomen huius circuli, Theodisce ''Hochsauerlandkreis'' nucupati, sic: substantivum Latinum "circulus-i" Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'', toponymum Latinum "[[Sauerlandia]]" Theodiscum lexema ''-sauerland-'' et Latinum adiectivum "superior-ius" Theodiscum praefixum ''Hoch-'' vertit. De hoc toponymo, vide [[Ioannes Tomka Szászky]], Introductio in orbis hodierni geographiam, Posonii, anno 1748 {{Google Books|L3ZYAAAAcAAJ|pag. 329}}; Godofredus Hoberg, De flexione, Bonnae, anno 1885 {{Google Books|Jl4pAAAAYAAJ|pag. 31}}.</ref>. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Medocabus]]''<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''[[Hochsauerland]]kreis'' |- | '''HST''' | Urbs [[Stralsunda]] | [[Hansa|Hanseatica]] Civitas Stralsunda |- | '''HU''' | Urbs [[Hanovia]]<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> (Urbs state separate in [[Circulus Moenensis et Kincichensis|Circulo Moenensi et Kincichensi]])<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Moenensis et Kincichensis" -Theodisce ''Main-Kinzig-Kreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-Kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Moenensis-e" et "Kincichensis-e" ad flumina [[Moenus|Moenum]] et [[Kincicha]]m respective referuntur. Quibus de hydronymis, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | ''Main-Kinzig-Kreis'' |- | '''HVL''' | [[Circulus Terrae Habalae]].<ref>[[Habala]]</ref> Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Ratenovia]] | ''Havelland'' |- | '''HWI''' | Urbs [[Vismaria]]<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Hansa|Hanseatica]] Civitas Vismaria |- | '''HX''' | [[Circulus Hoxariensis]] | Hoxaria<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> - ''Höxter'' |- | '''HY''' | Urbs [[Hoyerswerda]] | Hoyerswerda |- |} === I === {| class="wikitable" |- | '''IGB''' | Urbs [[St. Ingbert]] in [[Circulus Saravipalatinensis|Circulo Saravipalatinensi]] | St. Ingbert |- | '''IK''' | [[Circulus Ilmenensis]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Arnstadium]]'' | ''Ilm-Kreis'' |- | '''IN''' | Urbs [[Ingolstadium]]<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Ingolstadium]] |- | '''IZ''' | [[Circulus Steinburgensis]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Steinburgensis" -Theodisce ''Kreis Steinburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Steinburgum]]" -ad quod gentilicium "Steinburgensis-e" refertur-, vide [https://pau.krakow.pl/Elementa/tomy/Elementa_XX_1969.pdf ''Elementa ad fontium editiones XX''], ubi dicitur "(...) Steinburgum (Stenburgum) (...)". Denique, de gentilicio, invenitur passim apud [https://www.google.com/search?q=%22Steinburgensis%22&client=firefox-b-d&sca_esv=b5d146501cb8d5e6&ei=E0tkaOrKDPXU7M8PhP72gA8&ved=0ahUKEwiqoLfUxZyOAxV1KvsDHQS_HfAQ4dUDCA8&uact=5&oq=%22Steinburgensis%22&gs_lp=Egxnd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAiECJTdGVpbmJ1cmdlbnNpcyIyBRAAGO8FMgUQABjvBTIFEAAY7wUyBRAAGO8FMgUQABjvBUjBiQFQgwdYkRxwAngAkAEAmAGaAaABgQSqAQMwLjS4AQPIAQD4AQGYAgagAuQEwgILEAAYgAQYsAMYogTCAggQABiwAxjvBZgDAIgGAZAGBZIHAzIuNKAHvQqyBwMwLjS4B8kEwgcHMi0yLjMuMcgHUw&sclient=gws-wiz-serp Gugulam].</ref>. Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Itzehoa]]<ref name="Itzehoa">Vide [mg.sub.uni-hamburg.de/kitodo/PPN656894008/PDF/00000097.pdf ''Der Lamberischen Geschichte von Hamburg''], ubi dicitur "(...) totaque Stormariae ditio cum Itzehoa et Osterhauia (...)".</ref> | Circulus Steinburgensis |- |} === J === {| class="wikitable" |- | '''J''' | Urbs [[Iena]] | [[Jena]] |- | '''JL''' | | [[Circulus Ierichoviensis]]<ref>Vide [https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/id/PPN791499162 ''Dissertationem De Aeris In Praxi Medica Usu''], ubi dicitur "(...) Doctor, Medicus Elect. Brandenb. Circuli Jerichoviensis. (...)".</ref>. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Burgum Saxoniae]]''<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref>. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Burgum Saxoniae]]''<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> | | [[Circulus Ierichoviensis]]<ref>Vide [https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/id/PPN791499162 ''Dissertationem De Aeris In Praxi Medica Usu''], ubi dicitur "(...) Doctor, Medicus Elect. Brandenb. Circuli Jerichoviensis. (...)".</ref>. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Burgum Saxoniae]]''<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- |} === K === {| class="wikitable" |- | '''K''' | Urbs [[Colonia Agrippina]] | [[colonia Agrippina|Colonia]] |- | rowspan="2" | '''KA''' | Urbs [[Carolsruha]] (''XX 999'') | rowspan="2" | [[Carolsruha]] |- | [[Circulus terrae Carolsruhensis]] (aliter) |- | '''KB''' | [[Circulus terrae Waldeccensis et Francoburgensis]]<ref name="CWEF">Fingitur nomen huius circuli, Theodisce ''Landkreis Waldeck-Frankenberg'' nucupati, sic: "Waldeccensis" est gentilicium quod ad oppidum [[Waldeccum]] refertur (de hoc oppido, vide {{Lexicon Universale}}); et "Francoburgensis" est gentilicium quod ad oppidum [[Francoburgum]] refertur (de hoc oppido, vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20241109062021/https://www.argosybooks.com/advSearchResults.php?authorField=Georg+BRAUN&action=search Argosy Book Store], ubi dicitur "(...) Francenbergum, vel ut alij Francoburgum Hassiae (...)"). Denique, Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit.</ref>. Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Corbachium]]<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> | Corbachium |- | '''KC''' | [[Circulus terrae Cranensis]] | [[Crana]]<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> - ''Kronach'' |- | '''KE''' | Urbs [[Cambodunum]] |[[Cambodunum]] |- | '''KEH''' | [[Circulus terrae Kelhemiensis]] | [[Kelhemium]] |- | '''KF''' | Urbs [[Kaufbeura]]<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Kaufbeura]] - ''Kaufbeuren'' |- | '''KG''' | [[Circulus terrae Cussingensis]] | [[Cussingum]]<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> - ''Bad Kissingen'' |- | '''KH''' | [[Circulus Cruciniacensis]] * Urbs [[Cruciniacum]] (''X 9999'') * alio (''XX 999'') | [[Cruciniacum]] |- | '''KI''' | Urbs [[Kielia]] | Kielia |- | '''KIB''' | [[Circulus Montis Iovis|Mons Iovis]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Montis Iovis" -Theodisce ''Donnersbergkreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus" Theodiscum lexema ''-kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo "Mons Iovis", vide [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donnersberg articulum de monte eponymo apud Vicipaediam Anglicam], ubi dicitur "(...) he name Donnersberg is thought to refer to Donar, the Germanic god of thunder, a theory supported by the fact that the Romans dubbed the Donnersberg ''Mons Jovis'' after their god of thunder, Jupiter (...)"</ref>. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Kirchemium et Bolandia]]''<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> | Mons Jovis<ref name=de.wiki>De Germanica Vicipaedia</ref> - ''Donnersbergkreis'' |- | rowspan="2" | '''KL''' | [[Circulus terrae Caesareo-Lutrensis]] (''XX 999'') | rowspan="2" | [[Caesarea Lutra]]<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> - ''Kaiserslautern'' |- | Urbs [[Caesarea Lutra]] (alia) |- | '''KLE''' | [[Circulus Cliviensis]] | [[Clivia]]<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> - ''Kleve'' |- | '''KM''' | [[Circulus Camentiensis]] | [[Camentia]]<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> - ''Kamenz'' |- | '''KN''' | [[Circulus terrae Constantiae]] (sine communi [[Büsingen am Hochrhein]]) | [[Constantia (Germania)|Constantia]] |- | '''KO''' | Urbs [[Confluentes]] | Confluentes |- | '''KÖT''' | [[Circulus Cothenensis]] | [[Cothena]] |- | '''KR''' | Urbs [[Crefeldia]] | ''Crefeldia'' |- | rowspan="2" | '''KS''' | Urbs [[Cassella]]<ref name="Hofmannus"/> (''XX 999'', alia cum ''BFGIOQ'') | rowspan="2" | [[Cassela]] |- | [[Circulus terrae Casselensis]] (''X 9999'', alia sine ''BFGIOQ'') |- | '''KT''' | [[Circulus terrae Kitzingensis]] | [[Kitzinga]] |- | '''KU''' | [[Circulus terrae Culmbacensis]] | [[Culmbacum]]<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> - ''Kulmbach'' |- | '''KÜN''' | [[Circulus Holacheus]].<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Künzelsau]]'' | ''Hohenlohekreis'' |- | '''KUS''' | [[Circulus terrae Coslensis]] | [[Cosla]]<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | '''KYF''' | [[Circulus Cuphese]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Sondershusa]]e'' | [[Cuphese]]<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> - ''Kyffhäuser'' |- |} === L === {| class="wikitable" |- | rowspan="2" | '''L''' | Urbs [[Lipsia]] (A-T) | rowspan="2" | [[Lipsia]] (usque ad 31. Oktobris 1990 L fuit pro Lahn-Dill-circulus, quod nunc est LDK)'' |- | [[Circulus terrae Lipsiensis]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Bornis]]''<ref>{{Graesse}}</ref> (U-Z) |- | rowspan="2" | '''LA''' | [[Circulus Landishutensis]] (''XX 999'') | rowspan="2" | [[Landishutum]] |- | Urbs [[Landishutum]] (reliquia) |- | '''LAU''' | [[Circulus Terrae Norimbergensis]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Laufium|Laufio]]''<ref>Vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenahist/thou1/t1/Thuanus_historiae_1_2.html ''IAC. AVG. THVANI HISTORIARVM SVI TEMPORIS LIBRI CXX''], ubi dicitur "(...) quod cum nuper Altorfium et Laufium suae ditionis oppida occupasset (...).</ref> | ''Nürnberger Land'' |- | '''LB''' | [[Circulus Ludoviciburgi]] | [[Ludoviciburgum]] |- | rowspan="2" | '''LD''' | Urbs [[Landavia]].<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> (''X 9999'') | rowspan="2" | [[Landavia]] - ''Landau'' |- | [[Circulus ad Vini Viam Australim]] Sedes magistratus est in oppido Landavia (''XX 999'', excernantur) |- | '''LDK''' | [[Circulus Lauganensis et Dillenensis]].<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Wetzlaria]] | ''Lahn-Dill-Kreis'' |- | '''LDS''' | [[Circulus terrae Damis et Silvae Sprehae|Circulus Damis et Silvae Sprehae]]<ref name="CDSS">Fingitur nomen huius circuli provincialis, Theodisce ''Landkreis Dahme-Spreewald'' nucupati, sic: "Damis" est genetivus Latini hydronymi "Dame", Theodisce ''Dahme'', (Latino de hoc hydronymo, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA86#v=snippet&q=1440&f=false Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch] de regione homonymā, ubi dicitur "(...) provincia, que Dame dicitur (...)); Latinum substantivum "Silva-ae" Theodiscum suffixum ''-wald'' vertit; et denique "Sprehae" est genetivus Latini hydronymi "[[Spreha]]", Theodisce ''Spree'', (Latino de hoc hydronymo, vide {{Graesse}}).</ref> Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Lubena]] | ''Kreis Dahme-Spreewald'' |- | '''LER''' | [[Circulus Lerensis]] | [[Leri]]<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> - ''Leer'' |- | '''LEV''' | Urbs [[Leverkusen]] | Leverkusen |- | '''LG''' | [[Circulus Luneburgensis]] | [[Luneburgum]] - ''Lüneburg'' |- | '''LI''' | [[Circulus terrae Lindaviensis]] | [[Lindavia]]<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> - ''Lindau am Bodensee'' |- | '''LIF''' | [[Circulus terrae Lichtenfelsensis]] | [[Lichtenfelsum]]<ref name="Lichtenfelsum">Vide [https://www.heiligenlexikon.de/ASJuli/Otto_von_Bamberg.html ''Acta Sanctorum''], ubi dicitur "(...) inter oppida Lichtenfelsum & Staphelsteinium siti (...)".</ref> |- | '''LIP''' | [[Circulus ad Lupiam]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Detmolda]] | ''Kreis [[Lupia|Lippe]]'' |- | '''LL''' | [[Circulus terrae Landsbergensis]] | [[Lantsberga]]<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> - ''Landsberg am Lech'' |- | '''LM''' | [[Circulus terrae Limburgensis et Weilburgensis]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Limburgum ad Lauganam]]'' | ''Limburg-Weilburg'' |- | '''LÖ''' | [[Circulus terrae Lorrachensis]] | [[Lorracho]]<ref name="Lorracho">Vide [https://www.e-rara.ch/download/pdf/14117362.pdf ''Verzeicliniss der für diesen Zeitraum benutzten Chronisten''], ubi dicitur "(...) Lorracho, cum ecclesia cum omnibusque suis appendicibus (...)".</ref> - ''Lörrach'' |- | '''LOS''' | [[Circulus terrae Viadri et Sprehae]]<ref name="CVES">Fingitur nomen huius circuli, Theodisce ''Landkreis Oder-Spree'' nucupati, sic: "Viadri" est genetivus Latini hydronymi "[[Viadrus]]", Theodisce ''Oder'', et "Sprehae" est genetivus Latini hydronymi "[[Spreha]]", Theodisce ''Spree''. Latinis de ambobus hydronymis, vide {{Graesse}}). Denique, Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit.</ref>. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Bescovia]]''<ref name="Beeskow">Vide [https://biblioscout.net/book/chapter/10.35998/9783830556107/00033 ''Sammlung der im Aktenband enthaltenen Zusatzdokumente''], ubi dicitur "(...) Beschreibung der Stadt Beeskow bis zum Ende des 16. Jahrhunderts nach verschiedenen frühneuzeitlichen Quellen (...) Reinhardus Strelius Dominus Bescoviæ, à Marchione Sigismundo Marchiæ locum tenens constitutus (...)".</ref> | ''Landkreis Oder-Spree'' |- | '''LSA''' | [[Senatus Terrae Saxonia-Anhaltiensis]] et regimine terrae | [[Saxonia-Anhaltium|Saxonia-Anhaltiensis]] [[senatus terrae]] |- | '''LSN''' | [[Senatus Terrae Saxonicus]] et regimine terrae | [[Saxonia|Saxonicus]] [[senatus terrae]] |- | '''LU''' | Urbs [[Ludovicus Portus Rhenanus]] | [[Ludovici Portus Rhenanus]] |- | '''LWL''' | [[Circulus terrae Ludovici Gaudii et Parchimensis]] | [[Ludovici Gaudium]] - ''Ludwigslust'' |- |} === M === {| class="wikitable" |- | rowspan="2" | '''M''' | Urbs [[Monacum]] (''XX 999'' und ''XX 9999'') | rowspan="2" | [[Monacum]] |- | [[Circulus terrae Monacensis]] (alia) |- | '''MA''' | Urbs [[Manhemium]] | [[Manhemium]] |- | '''MB''' | [[Circulus terrae Miesbachensis]]<ref name="CpMiesbachensis">Fingitur nomen huius circuli terrae, Theodisce ''Landkreis Miesbach'' nucupati, sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et "Miesbachensis-e" est gentilicium ex epitheto [[binomen|binominali]] "Miesbachensis". De hoc epitheto, confer, v.gr. "Margaritifera geyeri miesbachensis".</ref> | [[Miesbach]] |- | '''MD''' | Urbs [[Magdeburgum]] | Magdeburgum |- | '''ME''' | [[Circulus Medamanensis]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Medamanensis" -Theodisce ''Kreis Mettmann'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Medamanensis-e" ad [[Medamana]]m refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913?p=249&cq=Ludwigshafen%20u.a.&lang=en ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E - M''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Medamana, Medemenum:''' Mettmann, preuss. Rheinprovinz (...)".</ref> | [[Medamana]]<ref name="Medamana">Vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913?p=249&cq=Ludwigshafen%20u.a.&lang=en ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E - M''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Medamana, Medemenum:''' Mettmann, preuss. Rheinprovinz (...)".</ref> |- | '''MEI''' | [[Circulus terrae Misniensis]] | [[Misnia]] |- | '''MEK''' | [[Circulus Medius Fergunnensis]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Mariae mons Saxoniae]]'' | ''Mittlerer Erzgebirgskreis'' |- | '''MG''' | Urbs [[Gladbacum Monachorum]] | ''Mönchengladbach'' |- | '''MH''' | Urbs [[Mulhemium ad Ruram]] | ''Mülheim'' |- | '''MI''' | [[Circulus Mindensis et Lübbeckensis]] | [[Minda]]<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> - ''Minden'' |- | '''MIL''' | [[Circulus terrae Mildenburgensis]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Mildenburgensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Miltenberg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Mildenburgensis-e" ad urbem [[Mildenburgum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide [https://www.tha.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost16/Drunck/dru_intr.html ''Bibliotheca Augustana''] , ubi dicitur "(...) Philipp Drunck (Philippus Haustulus), monachus ordinis cisterciensis, poeta, natus est anno 1491 in oppido Mildenburgo (Bavaria) (...)".</ref> | [[Mildenburgum]]<ref name="Mildenburgum">Vide[https://www.tha.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost16/Drunck/dru_intr.html ''Bibliotheca Augustana''] , ubi dicitur "(...) Philipp Drunck (Philippus Haustulus), monachus ordinis cisterciensis, poeta, natus est anno 1491 in oppido Mildenburgo (Bavaria) (...)".</ref> |- | '''MK''' | [[Circulus Marchiensis]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Liudolvescetha]]''<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Märkischer Kreis'' |- | '''MKK''' | [[Circulus Moenensis et Kincichensis|Moenus et Kincicha]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Moenensis et Kincichensis" -Theodisce ''Main-Kinzig-Kreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-Kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Moenensis-e" et "Kincichensis-e" ad flumina [[Moenus|Moenum]] et [[Kincicha]]m respective referuntur. Quibus de hydronymis, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Gelnhusia]]''<ref name="Gelnhusia">Vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenaref/hofmann/hof4/Hofmann_lexicon_t4_1250_vranvm.html ''JOH. JACOBI HOFMANNI SS. Th. Doct. Profess. Histor. et Graec. Ling. in Academ Basil. LEXICON VNIVERSALE''], ubi dicitur "(...) Iam sub Electore Brandeburgico. Friberga Veteraviae, ''Fridberg''. Frislaria Hassiae, ''Fritzlar''. Gelnhusia Franconiae, ''Gelnhausen'' (...)".</ref> (sine urbe [[Hanovia]]) | ''Main-Kinzig-Kreis'' |- | '''ML''' | [[Circulus Mansfeldaeterrensis]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Islebia]]'' | ''Mansfelder Land'' |- | '''MM''' | Urbs [[Memminga]]<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Memminga]] - ''Memmingen'' |- | '''MN''' | [[Circulus terrae Algoviae Inferioris]]<ref name="Circulus terrae Algoviae Inferioris">Fingitur nomen huius circuli, Theodisce ''Landkreis Unterallgäu'' nucupati, sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit; ceterum, "Algoviae" est genetivus Latini toponymi "Algovia", Theodisce ''Allgäu'', (Latino de hoc toponymo, vide {{Lexicon Universale}}); et Latinum adiectivum "inferior-ius" Theodiscum praefixum ''Unter-'' vertit. De Latinā huius circuli versione, confer aliarum linguarum versiones ''Distrito de Baja Algovia'' et ''Baixa Algóvia'' et ''Circondario della Bassa Algovia'' et Нижний Алльгой.</ref>. Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Mindelhemium]]<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> | Algovia Inferior |- | '''MOL''' | [[Circulus Marchiensis et Terrae Viadri]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Seelow]]'' | ''Märkisch-Oderland'' |- | '''MOS''' | [[Circulus Nicrensis et Ottenicus]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Mosbacum]]'' | ''Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis'' |- | '''MQ''' | [[Circulus Merseburgensis et Quernofurtensis]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Merseburga]]'' | Merseburga et Quernofurtum<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | '''MR''' | [[Circulus terrae Marburgensis et Biedencaphensis]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Marburgum]]'' | [[Marburgum]] et [[Biedencaph]]<ref name=de.wiki>De Germanica Vicipaedia</ref> |- | '''MS''' | Urbs [[Monasterium (Germania)|Monasterium]] | urbs Monasterium |- | '''MSP''' | [[Circulus terrae Moenensis et Spessartus]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Moenensis et Spessartensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Main-Spessart'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Moenensis-e" et "Spessartus-a-um" ad flumen [[Moenus|Moenum]] et ad [[Spessartus mons|Spessartum montem]] respective referuntur. Quo de hydronymo, vide {{Graesse}}; sed quo de monti, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=n_ROAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA2641&lpg=PA2641&dq=mons+spessart&source=bl&ots=pu4xavwPVI&sig=bcZAw4LzXuV5E2yvOxw4XaIPovs&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiVtrfdqdXRAhXBtxQKHb7jBpkQ6AEIKjAD#v=onepage&q=mons%20spessart&f=false ''Lateinisch-deutsches Wörterbuch''].</ref>. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Carolostadium Bavariae]]'' | Main-Spessart-Kreis |- | '''MST''' | [[Circulus Megapolensis Streliciensis]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Strelicia nova]]''<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Mecklenburg-Strelitz'' |- | '''MTK''' | [[Circulus Moenensis et Taunus]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Moenensis et Taunus" -Theodisce ''Main-Taunus-Kreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-Kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Moenensis-e" et "Taunus-a-um" ad flumen [[Moenus|Moenum]] et ad [[Taunus mons|Taunum montem]] respective referuntur. Quo de hydronymo, vide {{Graesse}}; sed quo de monti, vide {{Hofmannus}}.</ref>. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Hofhemium ad Taunum]]'' | ''Main-Taunus-Kreis'' |- | '''MTL''' | [[Circulus in Muldae vallem]] . Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Crema (Germania)|Crema]]''<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Muldentalkreis'' |- | '''MÜ''' | [[Circulus Muhldorpiensis ad Aenum]] | [[Muhldorpium ad Aenum]] - ''Mühldorf am Inn'' |- | '''MÜR''' | [[Circulus Müritz]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Varenum]]''<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Müritz'' |- | '''MVL''' | [[Senatus Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris]] et [[Regimen Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerior]] | [[Megapolis et Pomerania Citerior|Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris]] [[senatus terrae]] |- | '''MW''' | [[Circulus Mittweidensis]] | [[Mittweida]] |- | '''MYK''' | [[Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Confluentes]]'' * Urbs [[Anternacum]]<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> (A-Z 1-999) sine B,F,G,I,O,Q et (AA-ZZ 1-99) | ''Mayen-Koblenz'' |- | rowspan="2" | '''MZ''' | Urbs [[Moguntiacum]] (''XX 999'', sive ''AA ad KY 9999'') | rowspan="2" | [[Moguntiacum]] |- | [[Circulus Moguntiacensis et Bingensis]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Angulisamum]] (reliquae) |- | '''MZG''' | [[Circulus terrae Marciensis et Waderellensis]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Marciensis et Waderellensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Merzig-Wadern'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Marciensis-e" et "Wanderellensis-e" ad communia [[Marcia]]m et [[Wanderella]]m respective referuntur. Primo de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}; secundo de toponymo, vide [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/wikiling/index.php?f=gold&page=3247 ''wikiling'']{{Nexus deficit|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) Wadern, 10. Jh. (...) (in villa) Waderella (...)".</ref>. Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Marcia]]<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Merzig-Wadern'' |- |} === N === {| class="wikitable" |- | '''N''' | Urbs [[Norimberga]] | Norimberga |- | '''NB''' | Urbs [[Brandeburgum Novum]]<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Neubrandenburg'' |- | '''ND''' | [[Circulus terrae Neoburgensis et Schrobenhausensis]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Neoburgensis et Schrobenhausensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Neuburg-Schrobenhausen'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Neoburgensis-e" et "Schrobenhausensis-e" ad [[Neoburgum Cattorum]] et [[Schrobenhausen]] respective referuntur. Primo de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}, sed secundo de gentilicio, vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_DbEOAAAAQAAJ/bub_gb_DbEOAAAAQAAJ_djvu.txt ''Album Academiæ Vitebergensis ab a. Ch. MDII usque ad a. MDLX. Ed. C.E. Foerstemann''], ubi dicitur "(...) 5. Johannes Knotz Schrobenhausensis (...)".</ref>. Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Neoburgum Cattorum]]<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''[[Neoburgum Cattorum]]''<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | '''NDH''' | [[Circulus Northusensis]] | [[Northusa]]<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | '''NE''' | [[Circulus Rhenanus Novaesiensis]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Novaesium]] | [[Novaesium]] - ''Neuss'' |- | '''NEA''' | [[Circulus terrae Novae Civitatis apud Eisch et Vintshaemensis]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Novae Civitatis apud Eisch et Vintshaemensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Neustadt an der Aisch-Bad Windsheim'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum toponymicum syntagma "Novae Civitatis apud Eisch" Theodiscum toponymum ''Neustadt an der Aisch'' vertit. Quo de toponymo, vide [https://adw-goe.de/fileadmin/forschungsprojekte/resikom/dokumente/pdfs/HBI/C_7_Neustadt_am_Ruebenberge.pdf ''Metropolis Ecclesiae Trevericae''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''NEUSTADT AN DER AISCH [C.7.] I'''. ''Nivenstat (1285); de nova civitate (1294); iuxta Novam civitatem apud Eisch'' (...)". Ceterum, Latinum gentilicium "Vintshaemensis-e" ad oppidum [[Vintshaemum]] refertur. Quo de oppido, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Nova Civitas apud Eisch]]''<ref name="Nova Civitas apud Eisch">Vide [https://adw-goe.de/fileadmin/forschungsprojekte/resikom/dokumente/pdfs/HBI/C_7_Neustadt_am_Ruebenberge.pdf ''Metropolis Ecclesiae Trevericae''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''NEUSTADT AN DER AISCH [C.7.] I'''. ''Nivenstat (1285); de nova civitate (1294); iuxta Novam civitatem apud Eisch'' (...)".</ref> | [[Nova Civitas apud Eisch]]<ref name="Nova Civitas apud Eisch"/> |- | '''NES''' | [[Circulus Rhön-Grabfeld]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Neoburgum ad Salam]] | ''Bad Neustadt an der [[Sala|Saale]]'' |- | '''NEW''' | [[Circulus terrae Novae Civitatis]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Novae Civitatis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum toponymicum syntagma "Novae Civitatis" genetivo singulari Theodiscum toponymum ''Neustadt an der Waldnaab'' vertit. Quo de toponymo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neustadt_an_der_Waldnaab#Geschichte eius oppidi articulum apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Neustadt wurde 1218 anlässlich der Verpfändung der „nova civitas“ an Heinrich von Ortenburg erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | [[Nova Civitas (apud Nabam Silvaticam)|Nova Civitas]]<ref name="Nova Civitas apud Nabam Silvaticam">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neustadt_an_der_Waldnaab#Geschichte eius oppidi articulum apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Neustadt wurde 1218 anlässlich der Verpfändung der „nova civitas“ an Heinrich von Ortenburg erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> - ''Neustadt an der Waldnaab'' |- | '''NF''' | [[Circulus Frisicus Septentrionalis]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Hosemum]]<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Frisia Septentrionalis]] - ''Nordfriesland'' |- | '''NI''' | [[Circulus Neoburgensis Visurgensis]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Neoburgensis Visurgensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Nienburg/Weser'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Neoburgensis-e" et "Visurgensis-e" ad commune [[Nova Urbs (Saxonia Inferior)|Novam Urbem]] et flumen [[Visurgis|Visurgem]] respective referuntur. Quibus de toponymis, vide {{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Nova Urbs (Saxonia Inferior)|Nova Urbs]]<ref name=Graesse/> - ''Nienburg an der Weser'' |- | '''NK''' | [[Circulus terrae Novem Ecclesiarum]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Novem Ecclesiarum" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Neunkirchen'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum toponymicum syntagma "Novem Ecclesiarum" genetivo plurali Theodiscum toponymum ''Neunkirchen'' vertit. Quo de toponymo, vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_H7RDAAAAYAAJ/bub_gb_H7RDAAAAYAAJ_djvu.txt ''Metropolis Ecclesiae Trevericae''], ubi dicitur "(...) Novem ecclesiae , quam Neukirchen dicunt (...)".</ref> | ''Novem Ecclesiae''<ref>Vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_H7RDAAAAYAAJ/bub_gb_H7RDAAAAYAAJ_djvu.txt ''Metropolis Ecclesiae Trevericae''], ubi dicitur "(...) Novem ecclesiae , quam Neukirchen dicunt (...)"</ref> |- | '''NL''' | [[Senatus Terrae Saxoniensis Inferiorensis]] et [[Regimen Saxoniae Inferioris]] | [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[senatus terrae]] |- | '''NM''' | [[Circulus terrae Novoforensis]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Noviforum in Palatinatu Superiore]] | [[Noviforum in Palatinatu Superiore]] - ''Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz'' |- | '''NMS''' | Urbs [[Novum Monasterium]] | Novum Monasterium |- | '''NOH''' | [[Circulus in Comitatu Binethensi]].<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Northornon]]<ref name=de.wiki>De Germanica Vicipaedia</ref> | ''Grafschaft Bentheim'' |- | '''NOL''' | [[Circulus Superiolusatiensis et Inferiosiliensis]]. Sedes magistratus est [[Baxum|Baxi]]<ref name="Cranz 1771">Cranz, D. (1771). ''Alte und neue Brüder-Historie oder kurz gefasste Geschichte der evangelischen Brüder-Unität auf den Schweizerischen und sächsischen Kolonien''. Barbeiae: Heinrich Detlef Ebers. Theodisce ''Niesky''.</ref> | ''Niederschlesische Oberlausitz'' |- | '''NOM''' | [[Circulus terrae Northemiensis]] | [[Northemium]] |- | '''NR''' | [[Circulus terrae Neowidensis]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Neowidensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Neuwied'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Neowidensis-e" Theodiscum toponymum ''Neuwied'' vertit. Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Persoenlichkeiten/maximilian-alexander-philipp-prinz-zu-wied-neuwied-/DE-2086/lido/57c92ef68392a6.35258846 ], ubi dicitur "(...) Sein Ma­nu­skript „Fau­na Neo­wi­den­sis“, 1847 voll­endet, ist die ers­te Re­gio­nal­fau­na für den Mit­tel­rhein. Die Ver­öf­fent­li­chung ein­zel­ner Er­kennt­nis­se über­ließ er je­doch an­de­ren, vor al­lem dem Neu­wie­der Apo­the­ker Franz Pe­ter Brahts (...)". Latinum toponymum "Neowida-ae" e suo gentilicio fingitur.</ref> * Urbs [[Neoweda]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> ("A 1 - Z 9999") * Circulus reliquius ("AA 1 - ZZ 999") | ''Neoweda''<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> |- | '''NRW''' | [[Senatus Terrae Rhenaniae Septentrionalis-Guestfaliae]] et [[Regimen Rhenaniae Septentrionalis-Guestfaliae]] | [[Rhenania Septentrionalis-Guestfalia|Rhenaniae Septentrionalis-Guestfaliae]] [[senatus terrae]] |- | '''NU''' | [[Circulus terrae Novae Ulmae]] | [[Nova Ulma (Bavaria)|Nova Ulma]] |- | '''NVP''' | [[Circulus Citeriopomeraniensis Boreus]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Grimus]]<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Nordvorpommern'' |- | '''NW''' | Urbs [[Neapolis Palatinorum]]<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Neustadt an der Weinstraße'' |- | '''NWM''' | [[Circulus terrae Megapolitanus Boreoccidentalis]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Gnevismolae]]''<ref name=de.wiki>De Germanica Vicipaedia</ref> | ''Nordwest[[Megapolis et Pomerania Citerior|mecklenburg]]'' |- |} === O === {| |- | '''OA''' | [[Circulus terrae Algoviae Superioris]]<ref name="Circulus terrae Algoviae Superioris">Fingitur nomen huius circuli, Theodisce ''Landkreis Oberallgäu'' nucupati, sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit; ceterum, "Algoviae" est genetivus Latini toponymi "Algovia", Theodisce ''Allgäu'', (Latino de hoc toponymo, vide {{Lexicon Universale}}); et Latinum adiectivum "superior-ius" Theodiscum praefixum ''Ober-'' vertit. De Latinā huius circuli versione, confer aliarum linguarum versiones ''Distrito de Alta Algovia'' et ''Alta Algóvia'' et ''Circondario dell'Alta Algovia''.</ref>. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Sunthofen]]''<ref>Vide [https://www.e-rara.ch › download ''Monuments de l'histoire de l'ancien évêché de Bâle'], ubi dicitur "(...) Item Rector in Sunthofen (...) Item Sunthofen (...)".</ref> | [[Algovia]] Superior |- | '''OAL''' | [[Circulus terrae Algoviae Orientalis]]<ref name="Circulus terrae Algoviae Orientalis">Fingitur nomen huius circuli, Theodisce ''Landkreis Ostallgäu'' nucupati, sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit; ceterum, "Algoviae" est genetivus Latini toponymi "Algovia", Theodisce ''Allgäu'', (Latino de hoc toponymo, vide {{Lexicon Universale}}); et Latinum adiectivum "orientalis-e" Theodiscum praefixum ''Ost-'' vertit. De Latinā huius circuli versione, confer aliarum linguarum versiones ''distrito de Algovia Oriental'' et ''Algóvia Oriental'' et ''Circondario dell'Algovia Orientale'' et Восточный Алльгой.</ref>. Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Marktoberdorfium|Marktoberdorfio]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> | Algovia Orientalis |- | '''OB''' | Urbs [[Overhusa]] | Overhusa |- | '''OD''' | [[Circulus Sturmarius|Sturmaria]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Sturmarius" -Theodisce ''Kreis Stormarn'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Sturmarius-a-um" ad regionem [[Sturmaria]]m refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}. Denique, de gentilicio, vide [https://www.jassa.org/?p=1432 ''In Nomine Jassa''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Tres autem sunt Nordalbingorum populi, Sturmarii, Holzati, Thetmarzi'' (...)".</ref>. Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Oldeslovia]]<ref name="Hofmannus"/> | [[Oldeslovia]]<ref name="Hofmannus"/> |- | '''OE''' | [[Circulus Olpensis]] | [[Olpa]]<ref name="Buno 1661">Buno, Ioannes; ''Introductio in Ptolomaei Geographiam''. Guelpherbyti: Sumptibus Conradi Bunonis, 1661.</ref> (Theodisce ''Olpe'') |- | rowspan="2" | '''OF''' | Urbs [[Offenbachium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> (X 9-9999, xx 9-99 außer Buchst. BFGIOQ nur vierstellig) | rowspan="2" | Offenbachium<ref name="Graesse"/> |- | [[Circulus terrae Offenbachiensis]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Offenbachiensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Offenbach'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo "[[Offenbachium]]" -ad quod gentilicium "Offenbachiensis-e" redertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Dicenbah]]''<ref>[https://arcinsys.hessen.de/arcinsys/showArchivalDescriptionDetails?archivalDescriptionId=5012528 ''HStAD Fonds A 1 No 181/1''].</ref> (XX 999 Buchst. AA-AZ vierstellig; BFGIOQ als Einzelbuchst bis 999) |- | '''OG''' | [[Circulus Mordenaugia]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Mordenaugia" -Theodisce ''Ortenaukreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo "[[Mordenaugia]]", Theodiscum toponymicum lexema ''Ortenau-'' vertens, vide [https://francia.ahlfeldt.se/page/documents/39 ''Regnum Francorum''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''quicquid in Alsacense et in Mordenaugia habere visus est'' (...)".</ref>. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Offenburgum]]'' | Offenburg |- | '''OH''' | [[Circulus Holsatiae Orientalis]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Holsatiae Orientalis" -Theodisce ''Kreis Ostholstein'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Holsatia|Holsatia-ae]]", vide {{Graesse}}. Denique Latinum adiectivum "orientalis-e" Theodiscum suffixum ''Ost-'' vertit. De Latinā huius circuli versione, confer aliarum linguarum versiones ''Distrito de Holstein Oriental'' et ''Arrondissement du Holstein-de-l'Est'' et ''Holsácia Oriental'' et ''Circondario dell'Holstein Orientale'' et ''Zemský okres Východní Holštýnsko'' et Восточный Гольштейн et ''Kreis Østholsten''.</ref>. Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Utina]] | [[Holsatia]] Orientalis |- | '''OHA''' | [[Circulus Osteroda ad Harthicos montes]] | [[Osteroda ad Harthicos montes]] |- | '''OHV''' | [[Circulus terrae Habalae Superioris]]<ref name="CHS">Fingitur nomen huius circuli, Theodisce ''Landkreis Oberhavel'' nucupati, e flumine [[Habala|Habalā]], Theodisce ''Havel'', et adiectivo "superior-ius", quod Theodiscum praefixum ''Ober-'' vertit. Denique, Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit.</ref>. Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Arausionis castrum]] | [[Habala]] Superior |- | '''OHZ''' | [[Circulus terrae Astanholteremarki|Astanholteremarki]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Astanienis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Osterholz'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo "Astanholteremarki", vide {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Graesse"/>. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Astanholteremarki-Scirnbeki|Astanholteremarkis-Scirnbekis]]''<ref name="Graesse"/> | Astanholteremarki |- | '''OK''' | [[Ohrekreis]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Hahaldeslevo]]<ref name="Hahaldeslevo">Vide [articulum de hoc oppido apud Vicipaediam Anglicam], ubi dicitur "(...) The Saxon fortress of ''hahaldeslevo'' in Eastphalia was first mentioned in a 966 deed of donation issued by Emperor Otto I. (...)".</ref> | [[Ohre]]kreis |- | rowspan="2" | '''OL''' | Urbs [[Oldenburg (Oldb)]] (XX 999) | rowspan="2" | Oldenburg |- | [[Circulus Oldenburgum]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Vildhusia]]''<ref name="Hofmannus"/> (sonst) |- | '''OPR''' | [[Circulus terrae Pregnitianae Orientalis et Rupinensis]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Pregnitianae Orientalis et Rupinensis" -Theodisce ''Ostprignitz-Ruppin'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Pregnitianus-a-um" et "Rupinensis-e" ad loca Pregnitiam et [[Novirupinum|Rupinum]] respective referuntur. Primo de gentilicio, vide: Bekmann, J. C., auctore (1751). ''Historische Beschreibung der Chur und Mark Brandenburg''. Berolini: Christian Friedrich Voß; primo de toponymo, vide: Riedel, A. F., auctore (1841). ''Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis''. Berolini: F. H. Morin; secundo de toponymum vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=qnoDAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA140&lpg=PA140&dq=Novirupinum&source=bl&ots=NQa5Zw-i7h&sig=S-V1byTw4W_k7bfntkjPbrhCPWY&hl=de&sa=X&ei=KX4xVYznO5WwaZjigNgP&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Novirupinum&f=false google books: Scriptores Rerum Brandenburgensium: Quibus Historia Marchiae Brandenburgensis Eiusque Variae Mutationes Et Transitus Rerum Ab Origine Gentis Ad Nostra Usque Tempora Recensentur Et Illustrantur, Francofurti/Viadrum: Kleybe, 1741-1753]. Denique Latinum adiectivum "orientalis-e" Theodiscum suffixum ''Ost-'' vertit. De Latinā huius circuli versione, confer aliarum linguarum versiones ''Distrito de Prignitz Oriental-Ruppin'' et ''Arrondissement de Prignitz-de-l'Est-Ruppin'' et ''Prignitz Oriental-Ruppin'' et ''Zemský okres Východní Prignitz-Ruppin'' et Восточный Пригниц-Руппин.</ref>. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Rupina]]'' | Pregnitia Orientalis et Rupinum |- | rowspan="2" | '''OS''' | [[Circulus Osnabrugae]] (''XX 999'') | rowspan="2" | [[Osnabrugensis|Osnabruga]] |- | Urbs [[Osnabrugensis|Osnabruga]] (alia) |- | '''OSL''' | [[Circulus provincialis Silvae Sprehae Superioris et Lusatiae]]<ref name="CpSSSeL">Fingitur nomen huius circuli provincialis, Theodisce ''Landkreis Oberspreewald-Lausitz'' nucupati, sic: Latinum adiectivum "superior-ius" Theodiscum praefixum ''Ober-,'' Latinum hydronymum "[[Spreha]]" Theodiscum lexema''-spree-,'' Latinum substantivum "silva-ae" Theodiscum lexema ''-wald'' et Latinum toponymum "[[Lusatia]]" Theodiscum ''Lausitz'' vertit.</ref>. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Senftenbergum]]''<ref>Vide [https://archive.org/stream/BIUSante_pharma_res005374/BIUSante_pharma_res005374_djvu.txt ''Georgii Agricolae De ortu & causis subterraneorum, lib. V''], ubi dicitur "(...) prope Senftenbergum, quas cinereo colore iunt (...)".</ref> | Silva [[Spreha]]e Superioris et [[Lusatia]]e |- | '''OVP''' | [[Circulus Ostvorpommern]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Anclamum|Anclami]]<ref name="Hofmannus">{{Hofmannus}}</ref> | Ost[[vorpommern]] |- |} === P === {| |- | '''P''' | Urbs [[Potestampium]] | Potestampium |- | rowspan="2" | '''PA''' | Urbs [[Batavia (Bavaria)|Batavia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> | rowspan="2" | [[Batavia (Bavaria)|Batavia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> |- | [[Circulus terrae Batavus]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Batavus" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Passau'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Batavia (Bavaria)|Batavia]]" -ad quod gentilicium "Batavus-a-um" refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> |- | '''PAF''' | [[Circulus terrae Pfaffenhofium ad Ilmam]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Pfaffenhofium ad Ilma" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Pfaffenhofen an der Ilm'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Pfaffenhofium ad Ilmam|Pfaffenhofium]]", vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenahist/pareus1/Pareus_historia.html ''DANIELIS PAREI HISTORIA BAVARICO- PALATINA''], ubi dicitur "(...) cladem hosti tum prope Pfaffenhofium (...)". Latinum syntagma "ad Ilmam" ad flumen [[Ilma (Bavaria)|Ilmam]] refertur ut distinguatur haec urbs homonymis ex urbibus. Quo de hydronymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | [[Pfaffenhofium ad Ilmam]]<ref name="Pfaffenhofium ad Ilmam">de Latino toponymo "[[Pfaffenhofium ad Ilmam|Pfaffenhofium]]", vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenahist/pareus1/Pareus_historia.html ''DANIELIS PAREI HISTORIA BAVARICO- PALATINA''], ubi dicitur "(...) cladem hosti tum prope Pfaffenhofium (...)". Latinum syntagma "ad Ilmam" ad flumen [[Ilma (Bavaria)|Ilmam]] refertur ut distinguatur haec urbs homonymis ex urbibus. Quo de hydronymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> |- | '''PAN''' | [[Circulus terrae Vallis Rotae et Aeni|Valles Rotae et Aenus]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Vallis Rotae et Aeni" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Rottal-Inn'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum substantivum "[[Valles|Valles-is]]" Theodiscum suffixum ''-tal'' vertit et de Latinis hydronymis "[[Rota (Aenus)|Rota]]" et "[[Aenus]]", vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Pharrachiricha]]''<ref name="Pharrachiricha">Vide [https://werkstatt.formulae.uni-hamburg.de/texts/urn:cts:formulae:passau.heuwieser0086.lat001/passage/all ''Die Traditionen des Hochstifts Passau (Ed. Heuwieser) Nr. 86''], ubi dicitur "(...) proprietate tradiderunt in loco qui dicitur Pharrachiricha iugera XX (...)".</ref> | [[Pharrachiricha]]<ref name="Pharrachiricha"/> |- | '''PB''' | [[Circulus Paderbronnensis]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Paderbronnensis" -Theodisce ''Kreis Paderborn'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Paderbronna]]" -ad quod gentilicium "Paderbronnensis-e" refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | [[Paderbronna]] |- | '''PCH''' | [[Circulus Parchimensis]] | [[Parchimum]] |- | '''PE''' | [[Circulus terrae Poynensis]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Poynensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Peine'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo "[[Poynum]]" -ad quod gentilicium "Poynensis-e" redertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | [[Poynum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> |- | rowspan="2" | '''PF''' | Urbs [[Phorca]] | rowspan="2" | Phorca |- | [[Circulus Enzensis]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Enzensis" -Theodisce ''Enzkreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'' vertit (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum gentilicium "Enzensis-e" ad flumen [[Enze]] refertur. De hoc hydronymo, vide [https://ia601601.us.archive.org/23/items/bub_gb_G-4IAAAAQAAJ/bub_gb_G-4IAAAAQAAJ.pdf ''Beiträge zur gallo-keltisch... Namenkunde''], ubi dicitur "(...) die ''Enz'' (in den Neckar), c. 1150 Enze fluvius (d i. *Antia) (...)".</ref><ref name="Enze">Vide [https://ia601601.us.archive.org/23/items/bub_gb_G-4IAAAAQAAJ/bub_gb_G-4IAAAAQAAJ.pdf ''Beiträge zur gallo-keltisch... Namenkunde''], ubi dicitur "(...) die ''Enz'' (in den Neckar), c. 1150 Enze fluvius (d i. *Antia) (...)".</ref>. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Phorca]]'' |- | '''PI''' | [[Circulus Pinnebergensis]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Pinnebergensis" -Theodisce ''Kreis Pinneberg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo "[[Pinneberga]]" -ad quod gentilicium "Pinnebergensis-e" refertur-, vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenaref/hofmann/hof4/Hofmann_lexicon_t4_1125_sthenocrates.html ''LEXICON VNIVERSALE''], ubi dicitur "(...) Eius urbes sunt Glucstadium, Crempa et Pinneberga, tractus cognominis caput (...)". Denique, de gentilicio, vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20250628191122/https://lib.ugent.be/nl/catalog/ebk01:4330000001201687 ''In Iure & facto probe fundata Remonstratio''], ubi dicitur "(...) neque vigore Recessus Pinnebergensis, cuius titulus Interim (...)".</ref> | [[Pinneberga]]<ref name="Pinneberga">Vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenaref/hofmann/hof4/Hofmann_lexicon_t4_1125_sthenocrates.html ''LEXICON VNIVERSALE''], ubi dicitur "(...) Eius urbes sunt Glucstadium, Crempa et Pinneberga, tractus cognominis caput (...)".</ref> |- | '''PIR''' | [[Circulus Sächsische Schweiz]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Pirna]]'' | Pirna |- | '''PL''' | Urbs [[Plavia Variscorum]] | Plauen |- | '''PLÖ''' | [[Circulus Plunensis]]<ref name="Graesse"/> | [[Ploena]]<ref name="Graesse"/> |- | '''PM''' | [[Circulus terrae Potestampii et Mediae Marchiae]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Potestampii et Mediae Marchiae" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Potsdam-Mittelmark'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo "[[Potestampium|Potestampium-i]]", vide {{Graesse}}; et Latino de toponymico syntagma "Media Marchia", vide {{Hofmannus}}, sub lemmate "MARCHIA Brandeburgica", ubi dicitur "(...) & media Marchia, ''Mittel-Marck'', quae in medio duarum (...)".</ref>. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Belizi]]''<ref name="Belizi">Vide [https://svarogi.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/154877538-rex-germanorum-populus-sclavorum-ivo-vukcevic.pdf ''Rex Germanorum, 'populos Sclavorum'], ubi dicitur "(...) Belici— '''''burguuwardium Belizi''''', 997 (...) '''''Burguuardium Belizi... in provincia Bloni,''''' 997 (...) erhaps centered at Belzig (Belici) (...) in this area, ''Belizi'' (Belici), modern Beelitz(...)".</ref> | [[Potestampium]] et Media Marchia |- | '''PR''' | [[Circulus terrae Pregnitianae]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Pregnitianae" -Theodisce ''Prignitz'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Pregnitianus-a-um" ad locum Pregnitiam refertur. Quo de gentilicio, vide: Bekmann, J. C., auctore (1751). ''Historische Beschreibung der Chur und Mark Brandenburg''. Berolini: Christian Friedrich Voß; et quo de toponymo, vide: Riedel, A. F., auctore (1841). ''Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis''. Berolini: F. H. Morin.</ref> | [[Pregnitia]]<ref name="Pregnitia">Riedel, A. F., auctore (1841). ''Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis''. Berolini: F. H. Morin.</ref> |- | rowspan="2" | '''PS''' | [[Pirminisensna]] | rowspan="2" | Pirminisensna |- | [[Circulus Südwestpfalz]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido Pirminisensna |- |} === Q === {| class="wikitable" |- | '''QLB''' | [[Circulus Quedlinburgensis]] | [[Quedlinburgum]] |- |} === R === {| |- | rowspan="2" | '''R''' | Urbs [[Ratisbona]] (''XX 999'') | rowspan="2" | Regensburg |- | [[Circulus terrae Ratisbonensis]] (sonst) |- | '''RA''' | [[Circulus terrae Rastattensis]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Rastattensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Rastatt'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Rastattensis-e" ad [[Rastatt]]m refertur. Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://wiki.genealogy.net/Hochschulschriften/Herkunft_latein_deutsch ''Hochschulschriften/Herkunft latein deutsch''], ubi dicitur "(...) Rastattensis (...)".</ref> | [[Rastatt]] |- | '''RD''' | [[Circulus Rendesburgensis et Ekerenfordensis]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Rendesburgensis et Ekerenfordensis" -Theodisce ''Kreis Rendsburg-Eckernförde'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum ''Kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Rendesburgensis-e" et "Ekerenfordensis-e" ad urbes [[Rendesburgum]] et [[Ekerenforda]]m referuntur. Primo de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}; secundo de toponymo, vide [[Ekerenforda|eius articulum apud Vicipaediam Latinam]].</ref>. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Rendesburgum]]''<ref name="Graesse"/> | Rendsburg |- | '''RE''' | [[Circulus Recklinghusiensis]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Recklinghusiensis" -Theodisce ''Kreis Recklinghausen'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Recklinghusium]]" -ad quod gentilicium "Recklinghusiensis-e" refertur-, vide [http://www.archive.org/stream/itinerariumthom00kerngoog/itinerariumthom00kerngoog_djvu.txt Itinerarium Thomæ Carve, Tipperariensis ... cum historia facti Butleri, Gordon, Lesly et aliorum (1859)].</ref> | [[Recklinghusium]] |- | '''REG''' | [[Circulus terrae Regenensis]] | [[Regen (Urbs)|Regen]] |- | '''RG''' | [[Circulus Riesa-Großenhain]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Großenhain]]'' | [[Riesa]]-Großenhain |- | '''RH''' | [[Circulus terrae Rotensis]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Rotensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Roth'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo "[[Rota (Bavaria)|Rota]]" -ad quod Latinum gentilicium "Rotensis-e" refertur-, vide homonymas urbes apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> | [[Rota (Bavaria)|Rota]] |- | rowspan="2" | '''RO''' | Urbs [[Rosenheimium]] (''X 999'' oder ''XX 99'') | rowspan="2" | Rosenheimium |- | [[Circulus terrae Rosenheimiensis]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Rosenheimiensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Rosenheim'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo "[[Rosenheimium]]" -ad quod Latinum gentilicium "Rosenheimiensis-e" refertur-, vide Ioannes Adlzreitter, ''Boicae gentis annalium, pars III'' in ''Historiis Bavaricis'' (Monachii: Schell, 1662), [https://books.google.com/books?id=Ue9k0Hd26tQC&pg=PA561 p. 561].</ref>(sonst) |- | '''ROW''' | [[Circulus terrae Rotenburgensis ad Wemmam]] | [[Rotenburgum ad Wemmam]] |- | '''RP''' | [[Circulus Palatinatus ad Rhenum]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Palatinatūs ad Rhenum" -Theodisce ''Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-Kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit; de Latino toponymico syntagmate "[[Palatinatus]] ad [[Rhenus|Rhenum]]", vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Ludwigshafen am Rhein]]'' | [[Rhein]]-[[Pfalz (Region)|Pfalz]] |- | '''RPL''' | [[Rheinland-Pfälzischer Landtag]] und [[Landesregierung von Rheinland-Pfalz]] | [[Rheinland-Pfalz|Rheinland-Pfälzischer]] [[Landtag]] |- | '''RS''' | Urbs [[Remscheidium]] | Remscheid |- | '''RT''' | [[Circulus terrae Reutlingensis]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Reutlingensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Reutlingen'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum gentilicium "Reutlingensis-e" ad [[Reutlinga]]m refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide {{Hofmannus}}.</ref> | [[Reutlinga]]<ref name="Hofmannus"/> |- | '''RÜD''' | [[Circulus Pagi Rhenani et Tauni]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Pagi Rhenani et Tauni" -Theodisce ''Rheingau-Taunus-Kreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-Kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit; de Latino toponymico syntagmate [[Pagus Rheni|Pagus Rhenanus]] vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=kppGAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA146&lpg=PA146&dq=pagus+Rhenanus&source=bl&ots=PF-rfPl9hI&sig=1bgp04aYlbOIBBnBwaHfdsPk09g&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwir8fbkv-TPAhVEaRQKHTxlBSgQ6AEIKDAB#v=onepage&q=pagus%20Rhenanus&f=false Isagoge In Elementa Ivris Pvblici, Qvo Vtvntvr Nobiles Immediati In Imperio Rom. Germ, auctore Io. Ludovico Klüber, Erlangae 1793]; denique de Latino toponymo [[Taunus mons|Taunus-i]], vide {{Hofmannus}}.</ref>. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Bad Schwalbach]]'' | [[Rüdesheim am Rhein|Rüdesheim]] |- | '''RÜG''' | [[Circulus Rugiae]]. Sedes magistratus est [[Montes in Ruya|Montibus in Ruya]]'''<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M">Vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913?p=249&cq=Ludwigshafen%20u.a.&lang=en ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E - M''].</ref> (Theodisce ''Bergen auf Rügen'') | [[Rugia]] |- | '''RV''' | [[Circulus terrae Ravenspurgensis]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Ravenspurgensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Ravensburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Ravenspurgensis-e" ad [[Ravenspurgum]] refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide {{Hofmannus}}.</ref> | [[Ravenspurgum]]<ref name="Hofmannus"/> |- | '''RW''' | [[Circulus Rotovillaa]] | [[Rotovilla]] |- | '''RZ''' | [[Ducatus Lauenburgicus]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Raceburgum|Raceburgo]]'' | Raceburgum |- |} === S === {| class="wikitable" |- | '''S''' | Urbs [[Stutgardia]] | [[Stutgardia]] - ''Stuttgart'' |- | '''SAD''' | [[Circulus terrae Schwandorfensis]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Schwandorfensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Schwandorf'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo "[[Schwandorfium]]" -ad quod Latinum gentilicium "Schwandorfensis-e" refertur-, vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB10373625?p=85&cq=Neoburgum&lang=de ''Brevis Bavariae geographia''], ubi dicitur "(...) Schwandorfium, Schwandorf (...)". De gentilicio, confer [[binomen]] "Holzbergia schwandorfensis".</ref> | ''[[Schwandorfium]]''<ref name="Schwandorfium">Vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB10373625?p=85&cq=Neoburgum&lang=de ''Brevis Bavariae geographia''], ubi dicitur "(...) Schwandorfium, Schwandorf (...)".</ref> |- | '''SAL''' | [[Senatus Terrae Saraviensis]] et [[Regimen Saraviae]] | [[Saravia]]e [[senatus terrae]] |- | '''SAW''' | [[Circulus Solisurbensis]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Solis Urbs]]<ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Salzwedel'' |- | '''SB''' | [[Coniunctio urbana Saravipontensis]] (sine urbe ''[[Völklingen]]'') * Urbs [[Saravipons]] <!--Hier gibt's auch unterschiedliche--> * alia <!--Nummernzuornungen. Wer's weiß, bitte nachtragen--> | Saravipons |- | '''SBK''' | [[Circulus Sconebekensis]] | [[Sconebeke]]<ref name=de.wiki>De Germanica Vicipaedia</ref> - ''Schönebeck'' |- | '''SC''' | Urbs [[Swabacum]]<ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Schwabach'' |- | '''SDL''' | [[Circulus terrae Stendaliensis]] | [[Stendalia]] |- | '''SE''' | [[Circulus Segebergensis]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Segebega]]''<ref name="Segeberga">Vide [https://www.historicpictoric.com/products/map-pars-meridionalis-wagriae-cum-partes-stormariae?srsltid=AfmBOopRo9bnNv-nGC9RnMONsiyHXPkBdc680bFHbAFYk0G-0NCnynTe Historic Pictoric], ubi dicitur "(...) et Praefectura Segebergensis (...)". Quo de toponymo, vide [https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/braun1594bd4/0074/image,info ], ubi "(...) Segeberga. Holsatiae Ducatum à nemoribus syluisq. appellationem fortitum, & nuncupatum (...)".</ref> | ''Bad Segeberg'' |- | '''SFA''' | [[Circulus Soltau-Vastulingeburstalle]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Vastulingeburstalle]]''<ref>Vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_U3ILAAAAYAAJ/bub_gb_U3ILAAAAYAAJ_djvu.txt ], ubi dicitur "(...) Voleward de Vastulingeburstalle, Bernhard Bidonis filius de Ondertunun, Poppo et Aedthelhard de Thurnithi, Hrothger de Glethingi (...)".</ref> | [[Soltau]]-[[Vastulingeburstalle]]<ref>Vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_U3ILAAAAYAAJ/bub_gb_U3ILAAAAYAAJ_djvu.txt ], ubi dicitur "(...) Voleward de Vastulingeburstalle, Bernhard Bidonis filius de Ondertunun, Poppo et Aedthelhard de Thurnithi, Hrothger de Glethingi (...)".</ref> |- | '''SG''' | Urbs [[Salingiacum]] | ''Solingen'' |- | '''SGH''' | [[Circulus Sangerhusensis]] | [[Sangerhusa]]<ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> - ''Sangershausen'' |- | '''SH''' | [[Senatus Terra Schlesvici et Holsatiae]], [[Regimen Slesvici et Holsatiae]] et vehiculi aedilium. | [[Slesvicum et Holsatia|Slesvici et Holsatiae]] [[senatus terrae]] |- | '''SHA''' | [[Circulus terrae Hallae Suevicae]] | [[Halla Suevica]]<ref name="Hofmannus"/> |- | '''SHG''' | [[Circulus Theorosburgensis]].<ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Haga Schauenburgi]]<ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Schauenburg'' vel ''Stadthagen'' |- | '''SHK''' | [[Circulus Salae et Terrae Silvaticae]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Isenberga Thuringorum]] | Circulus [[Sala (flumen)|Salae]] et Terrae Silvaticae |- | '''SHL''' | Urbs [[Sulaha]]<ref name=de.wiki>De Germanica Vicipaedia</ref> | ''Suhl'' |- | '''SI''' | [[Circulus Sigensis et Wittgensteinensis|Siga et Wittgenstein]]<ref>Fingitur nomen huius [[Circulus terrae|circuli]], qui Theodisce ''Kreis Siegen-Wittgenstein'' nuncupatur, e gentiliciis "Sigensis-e" et "Wittgensteinensis". Primum gentilicium ad [[Siga (Germania)|Sigam]] refertur; quo de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}. Secundo de gentilicio, invenitur passim apud [https://www.google.com/search?q=%22Wittgensteinensis%22&client=firefox-b-d&sca_esv=2ecbce6232480e5e&biw=1271&bih=271&ei=kP9jaM_IC-GukdUPoKDHgA8&ved=0ahUKEwjP0NfS_ZuOAxVhV6QEHSDQEfAQ4dUDCA8&uact=5&oq=%22Wittgensteinensis%22&gs_lp=Egxnd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAiEyJXaXR0Z2Vuc3RlaW5lbnNpcyIyCBAAGIAEGKIEMgUQABjvBTIFEAAY7wUyBRAAGO8FMgUQABjvBUjNIlCqCligHXABeACQAQCYAZABoAHAB6oBAzAuOLgBA8gBAPgBAZgCCaACvQjCAgsQABiABBiwAxiiBMICCBAAGLADGO8FwgIGEAAYBxgewgIIEAAYExgHGB7CAgcQABiABBgTmAMAiAYBkAYFkgcDMS44oAeNILIHAzAuOLgHqQjCBwUyLTIuN8gHXw&sclient=gws-wiz-serp Gugulam] et ad Wittgestein refertur.</ref>. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Siga (Germania)|Siga]]''<ref name="Graesse"/> | Siga<ref name="Graesse"/> |- | '''SIG''' | [[Circulus terrae Sigmaringensis]]<ref>Fingitur nomen huius [[Circulus terrae|circuli]], qui Theodisce ''Landkreis Sigmaringen'' nuncupatur, Latino e gentilicio "Sigmaringensis-e". Quod gentilicium ad [[Sigmaringa]]m refertur; quo de toponymo, vide [[Fidelis de Sigmaringa|Fidelem de Sigmaringā]]. Denique, Latinum syntagma "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit.</ref> | ''[[Sigmaringa]]''<ref name="Sigmaringa">Vide [[Fidelis de Sigmaringa|Fidelem de Sigmaringā]].</ref> |- | '''SIM''' | [[Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini" -Theodisce ''Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-Kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latinis toponymis "[[Rhenus]]" et "[[Tergum Caninum]]", vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>. Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Simmera]]<ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Simmera]]<ref name="Graesse"/> |- | '''SK''' | [[Circulus ad Salam]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Halla Saxonum]] | ''Saalkreis'' |- | '''SL'' | [[Circulus Slesvicus et Flensburgensis]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Sliasvig]] | ''Schleswig-Flensburg'' |- | '''SLF''' | [[Circulus terrae Salfeldensis et Rudolphopolitanus]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Salfelda Thuringorum]]<ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> | Salfelda Thuringorum |- | '''SLS''' | [[Circulus terrae Ludovici arcis ad Saram]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Ludovici arcis ad Saram" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Saarlouis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymico syntagmata "[[Ludovici arx ad Saram]]", vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | [[Ludovici Arx ad Saram]]<ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | '''SM''' | [[Circulus terrae Smalcaldianus et Mainingianus]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Mainingia]] | [[Smalcaldia]]<ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> et [[Mainingia]] |- | '''SN''' | Urbs [[Suerinum]] | Suerinum |- | '''SO''' | [[Circulus Susatensis]] | [[Susatum]]<ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | '''SÖM''' | [[Circulus terrae Summerdensis]]<ref>Fingitur nomen huius [[Circulus terrae|circuli]], qui Theodisce ''Landkreis Sömmerda'' nuncupatur, Latino e gentilicio "Summerdensis-e". Quod gentilicium ad [[Summerda]]m refertur; quo de toponymo, vide [https://medit.lutheran.hu/files/buchwald_georg_wittenberger_ordiniertenbuch_1560_1572_1895.pdf], ubi dicitur "(...) Ego ''Paulus Hypelius'' Summerdae natus in Thuringia hoc meo Chirographo testa tum facio (...)". Denique, Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit.</ref> | [[Summerda]]<ref name="Summerda">Vide [https://medit.lutheran.hu/files/buchwald_georg_wittenberger_ordiniertenbuch_1560_1572_1895.pdf], ubi dicitur "(...) Ego ''Paulus Hypelius'' Summerdae natus in Thuringia hoc meo Chirographo testatum facio (...)".</ref> |- | '''SOK''' | [[Circulus Salensis et Orlahensis]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Slewitz]]'' | Circulus [[Sala (flumen)|Salensis]] et Orlahensis |- | '''SON''' | [[Circulus Solimontensis]] | [[Mons Solis]] |- | '''SP''' | Urbs [[Spira]]<ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Speyer'' |- | '''SPN''' | [[Circulus terrae Sprehae et Nissae]]<ref>Fingitur nomen huius circuli, Theodisce ''Landkreis Spree-Neiße'' nucupati, sic: "Sprehae" est genetivus Latini hydronymi "[[Spreha|Spreha-ae]]", Theodisce ''Spree'' et "Nissae" est genetivus Latini hydronymi "[[Nissa Lusatianus|Nissa-ae]]", Theodisce ''Neiße''. Latinis de ambobus hydronymis, vide {{Graesse}}. Denique, Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit.</ref>. Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Forstia (Lusatia)|Forstia]]<ref>Vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenahist/wassenberg1/Wassenberg_florus.html ''FLORUS GERMANICUS''], ubi dicitur "(...) Quum aliae, aliae que urbes, Budissini moveritur exemplo. Forstia et Lubavia exasperantur: et Forstia [''note'': Mox reliquam Lusatiam] quidem (...)".</ref> | ''[[Spreha|Spreha]] et [[Nissa Lusatianus|Nissa]]'' |- | rowspan="2" | '''SR''' | Urbs [[Straubinga]] <ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> | rowspan="2" | Straubinga | | [[Circulus terrae Straubingensis et Poganus]].<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Straubingensis et Poganus" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Straubing-Bogen'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Straubingensis-e" et "Poganus-a-um" ad [[Straubinga]], et [[Villa Pogana|Villam Poganam]], respective, referuntur. Primo de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}; et de secundo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogen_(Stadt)#Bis_zum_19._Jahrhundert articulum apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam de hoc oppido], ubi dicitur "(...) Unter dem Namen ''Villa Pogana'' wird Bogen um die Mitte des 8. Jahrhunderts erstmals erwähnt (...)".</ref> Sedes magistratus est in oppido Acilia Augusta vel Straubinga <ref name = Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | '''ST''' | [[Circulus Steinfurtensis]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Steinfurtensis" -Theodisce ''Kreis Steinfurt'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Steinfurtum]]" et eius gentilicio "Steinfurtensis-e", vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenaref/koenig/Koenig_bibliotheca_3.html ''GEORG MATTHIAE KÖNIGII BIBLIOTHECA VETUS ET NOVA. ''], ubi dicitur "(...) Hinc Steinfurtum delatus (...) Steinfurtensis archiater (...)".</ref> | [[Steinfurtum]]<ref name="Steinfurtum">Vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenaref/koenig/Koenig_bibliotheca_3.html ''GEORG MATTHIAE KÖNIGII BIBLIOTHECA VETUS ET NOVA. ''], ubi dicitur "(...) Hinc Steinfurtum delatus (...) Steinfurtensis archiater (...)".</ref> |- | '''STA''' | [[Circulus terrae Starnbergensis]]<ref>Fingitur nomen huius [[Circulus terrae|circuli]], qui Theodisce ''Landkreis Starnberg'' nuncupatur, Latino e gentilicio "Starnbergensis-e". Quod gentilicium ad [[Starnberga]]m refertur; quo de toponymo, vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenahist/pareus1/Pareus_historia.html ''DANIELIS PAREI HISTORIA BAVARICO- PALATINA''], ubi dicitur "(...) Grunwalda, Starnberga, Weilhaimium (...)". Denique, Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit.</ref> | [[Starnberga]] |- | '''STD''' | [[Circulus Stadae]] | [[Stadae]]<ref name="Graesse"/> |- | '''STL''' | [[Circulus Stolipolitanus]]<ref name="UL 1602"/> | [[Stolipolis]]<ref name="UL 1602">Universitas Lipsiensis (1602). ''Epithalamia In Honorem Ornatissimi Et Doctissimi Viri Domini Georgii Fabricii Stolipolitani''. Typis Iohanni Schnorri.</ref> |- | '''SU''' | [[Circulus Rhenanus et Segensis]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Rhenanus et Segensis" -Theodisce ''Rhein-Sieg-Kreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-Kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Rhenanus-a-um" et "Segensis-e" ad flumina [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] et [[Sega]]m referuntur. Quibus de hydronymis, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Siegburgum|Siegburgo]]'' | [[Siegburgum]] |- | '''SÜW''' | [[Circulus ad Vini Viam Australim]] | ''Südliche Weinstraße'' |- | rowspan="2" | '''SW''' | Urbs [[Suevofortum]] | rowspan="2" | Suevofortum |- | [[Circulus terrae Suevofortensis]] |- | '''SZ''' | Urbs [[Salzgitter]] | Salzgitter |- |} === T === {| |- | '''TBB''' | [[Circulus Moenensis et Tuberensis]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Moenensis et Tuberensis" -Theodisce ''Main-Tauber-Kreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-Kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Moenensis-e" et "Tuberensis-e" ad flumina [[Moenus|Moenum]] et [[Tuberus|Tuberum]] respective referuntur. Quibus de hydronymis, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Tauberbischofsheim]]'' | Tauberbischofsheim |- | '''TF''' | [[Circulus terrae Teltovensis et Flamingus]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Teltovensis et Flamingus" -Theodisce ''Landreis Teltow-Fläming'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Teltovensis-e" et "Flamingus-a-um" ad "Teltovia" et Regionem Flamingam (Theodisce ''Teltow'' et ''Fläming'', respective) referuntur. Primo de gentilicio, vide: Heffter, M. W., auctore (1854). ''Diplomatarium Brandenburgense: Codex diplomaticus praecipue res germanicas illustrans''. Brandenburgi; de secundo, hoc gentilicium eandem etymologiam Theodisci susbtantivi ''Fläming'' habet, quia haec Germanica regio saeculo XII a [[Flandria|Flandricis]] (i.e. Flamingis) colonis occupata est. De synonymia inter "Flamingus-a-um" et "Flandricus-a-um" (quoque eādem cum etymologiā), vide {{Graesse}}. Et ex hoc gentilicio, derivatur toponymo "Flamingia-ae". Quo de toponymo, vide [https://dokumen.pub/urkundenbuch-des-hochstifts-naumburg-1207-1304-3412144991-9783412144999.html ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Naumburg''], ubi dicitur "(...) Petrus de Flamingia (...)". Denique, de toponymo "[[Teltovia]]", vide: Bekmann, J. C., auctore (1751). ''Historische Beschreibung der Chur und Mark Brandenburg''. Berolini: Christian Friedrich Voß.</ref>. Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Lucovaldia]]<ref name="Bekmann 1751">Bekmann, J. C. (1751). ''Historische Beschreibung der Chur und Mark Brandenburg''. Berolini: Vossische Buchhandlung.</ref><ref>Theodisce ''Luckenwalde''</ref> | Teltovia<ref name="Bekmann 1751"/> et Flamingia<ref name="Flamingia">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/urkundenbuch-des-hochstifts-naumburg-1207-1304-3412144991-9783412144999.html ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Naumburg''], ubi dicitur "(...) Petrus de Flamingia (...)".</ref> |- | '''THL''' | [[Thüringer Landtag]] und Landesregierung | [[Thüringen|Thüringer]] [[Landtag]] |- | '''THW''' | [[Technisches Hilfswerk|Bundesanstalt Technisches Hilfswerk]] | Technisches Hilfswerk |- | '''TIR''' | [[Circulus terrae Tursenreutensis]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Tursenreutensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Tirschenreuth'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino gentilicio "Tursenreutensis-e", quod ad [[TTursenreut]] refertur, vide [https://nlp.fi.muni.cz/projekty/ahisto/portal/fulltext.php?docid=635&search=Tursenreut ''Monumenta Egrana I''], ubi dicitur "(...) In Tursenreut et in majori Klenau (...)".</ref> | [[Tursenreut]]<ref name="Tursenreut">Vide [https://nlp.fi.muni.cz/projekty/ahisto/portal/fulltext.php?docid=635&search=Tursenreut ''Monumenta Egrana I''], ubi dicitur "(...) In Tursenreut et in majori Klenau (...)".</ref> |- | '''TO''' | [[Circulus Torgau-Oschatz]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Argelia]]'' | Torgau oder Torgau-[[Oschatz]] |- | '''TÖL''' | [[Circulus terrae Tolzenarius et Veliphoratusiensis]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Tolzenarius et Veliphoratusiensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo gentilicioque "[[Tolzenarius]]", vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&cq=M%C3%BCnchen&lang=de ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z'']; et de Latino toponymo "[[Veliphoratusium]]" -ad quod gentilicium "Veliphoratusiensis-e" refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | [[Tolzenarius]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&cq=M%C3%BCnchen&lang=de ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].</ref> |- | rowspan="2" | '''TR''' | [[Circulus terrae Augustae Treverorum et Saraburgi]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Augustae Treverorum et Saraburgi -Theodisce ''Landkreis Trier-Saarburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latinis toponymis "[[Augusta Treverorum]]" et "[[Saraburgum]]·, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Augusta Treverorum]]'' | rowspan="2" | [[Augusta Treverorum]] |- | Urbs [[Augusta Treverorum]] |- | '''TS''' | [[Circulus Trunensis]] | [[Trun (Bavaria)|Trun]]<ref name="Trun">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traunstein#Bis_zum_19._Jahrhundert articulum hoc de oppido apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Zwar nennen kirchliche Güterverzeichnisse schon um 790 Besitzungen ''ad Trun'' (...)".</ref>''' |- | '''TÜ''' | [[Circulus terrae Tubingensis]] | [[Tubinga]] |- | '''TUT''' | [[Circulus terrae Tulingensis]] | [[Tulingum]] |- |} === U === {| |- | '''UE''' | [[Circulus Ulsenensis]] | [[Ulsena]] |- | '''UER''' | [[Circulus Uecker-Randow]]. Sedes magistratus est [[Pasewalchia]]e<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"> ([[Theodisce]] ''Pasewalk'') | [[Uecker]]-[[Randow]] |- | '''UH''' | [[Circulus Onestrudensis et Hainichensis]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Onestrudensis et Hainichensis" -Theodisce ''Unstrut-Hainich-Kreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-Kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Onestrudensis-e" et "Hainichensis-e" ad flumen [[Onestrudis|Onestrudem]] et ad montem [[Hainich]] respective referuntur. Quo de hydronymo, vide articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Anglicam, ubi dicitur "in 575, the river was attested as the ''Onestrudis'', in the 7th century it was referred to as the ''Unestrude'', and in 994 as the ''Vnstruod''"; secundo de gentilicio, confer binominale epitheton "hainichensis".</ref>. Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Mulhusa Thuringorum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> | Onestrudis et Hainich |- | rowspan="2" | '''UL''' | [[Alb-Donau-Kreis]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Ulma]]'' (''XX 999; NA 1000-ZZ 9999; X 9(99) et XX 9(9), si litterae B, F, G, I, O, Q in nota sint.'') | rowspan="2" | [[Ulma]] |- | Urbs [[Ulma]] (alioquin) |- | '''UM''' | [[Circulus terrae Uckeranae Marchiae]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Uckeranae Marchiae" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Uckermark'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et de Latino toponymico syntagmate "[[Uckerana marchia]]", Theodiscum toponymum ''Uckermark'' vertente, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>. Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Premislavia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> | [[Uckerana Marchia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> |- | '''UN''' | [[Unna (circulus)|Unna]] | [[Unna]] |- |} === V === {| |- | '''V''' | [[Circulus Terrae Advocatorum]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Plavia Variscorum]] | [[Terra advocatorum]] |- | '''VB''' | [[Circulus Montis Avium]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Montis Avium" -Theodisce ''Vogelsbergkreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum toponymicum syntagma "[[Mons avium (Chattorum)|Mons Avium]]" -Theodiscum toponymicum lexema ''Vogelsberg-'' vertens- ex nominibus Latinis plurium eius [[regio]]nis [[planta]]rum deducitur.</ref>. Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Lauterbach (Hassia)|Lauterbach]] | [[Mons avium (Chattorum)|Mons Avium]] |- | '''VEC''' | [[Circulus Vechta]] | [[Vechta]] |- | '''VER''' | [[Circulus terrae Fardensis]] | [[Fardium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> |- | '''VIE''' | [[Circulus Virsensis]] | [[Virsena]] |- | '''VK''' | Urbs [[Völklingen]] ([[Mittelstadt]] im [[Stadtverband Saarbrücken]]) | Völklingen |- | '''VS''' | [[Circulus Nigrae Silvae et Baarensis]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Nigrae Silvae et Baarensis" -Theodisce ''Schwarzwald-Baar-Kreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo "[[Nigra silva]]", Theodiscum ''Schwarzwald'' vertens, vide {{Graesse}} et de gentilicium "Baarensis-e" ad Baram -Theodisce - refertur. Et quo de gentilicio et quo de toponymo, vide [https://www.heiligenlexikon.de/ActaSanctorum/16.Oktober.html ''Acta Sanctorum: 16. Oktober''], ubi dicitur "(...) Bara, Para, pagus est ducatus Alemanniæ ad Nigram Sylvam (...) Landgraviatus Baarensis ad Nigram Sylvam ac Danubium (...)".</ref> | ''Schwarzwald-Baar-Kreis''. Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Villingen-Schwenningen]] | Villingen-Schwenningen |- |} === W === {| class="wikitable" |- | '''W''' | Urbs [[Wipperae Vallis]] | ''Wuppertal'' |- | '''WAF''' | [[Circulus Warendorpiensis]] | [[Warendorp]] |- | '''WAK''' | [[Circulus Wartburgensis]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Wartburgensis" -Theodisce ''Wartburgkreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et Latinum gentilicium "Watburgensis-e" ad [[Castellum Wartburgense]] refertur, quod est in hoc circulo. Hoc castellum etiam "Wartburgum" nuncupatum. Quo de toponymo, vide {{Hofmannus}}.</ref>. Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Salsunga]]<ref name=de.wiki>De Germanica Vicipaedia</ref> | [[Castellum Wartburgense|Wartburgum]] |- | '''WB''' | [[Circulus terrae Wittenbergensis]] | [[Wittenberga]] |- | '''WE''' | Urbs [[Vimaria]] | Vimaria |- | '''WEN''' | Urbs [[Vaida]]<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Weiden in der Oberpfalz'' |- | '''WES''' | [[Circulus Vesaliensis]] | [[Vesalia]]<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> - ''Wesel'' |- | '''WF''' | [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis]] | [[Guelpherbytum]] - ''Wolfenbüttel'' |- | '''WHV''' | Urbs [[Wilhelmshaven|Guglielmi Portus]] | ''Wilhelmshaven'' |- | '''WI''' | Urbs [[Aquae Mattiacae]] | Aquae Mattiacae |- | '''WIL''' | [[Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Bernkastel-Wittlich'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latinis toponymis "[[Tabernae Mosellanicae-Cusa|Tabernae Mosellanicae-Cusa]]" et "[[Vitelliacum]]", vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>. Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Vitteliacum]]<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Kreis [[Tabernae Mosellanicae-Cusa|Bernkastel]]-Wittlich'' |- | '''WL''' | [[Circulus Harburgensis]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Winsenia]] | Winsenia |- | '''WM''' | [[Circulus Wilhainensis et Scongensis]].<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Wilhain]]<ref name=de.wiki>De Germanica Vicipaedia</ref> | ''Weilheim-Schongau'' |- | '''WN''' | [[Circulus Remisensis et Murrensis]].<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus Remisensis et Murrensis" -Theodisce ''Rems-Murr-Kreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-Kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Remisensis-e" et "Murrensis-e" ad flumina [[Remisus|Remisum]] et [[Murrensis|Murrensem]] refertur. Primo de hydronymo, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=FuwzkvZmlVAC&pg=RA2-PT353&lpg=RA2-PT353&dq=Rems+fluvius&source=bl&ots=pqKYOU-Qfo&sig=ACfU3U0iTPhkv6wzJUq8mkuntYSbzkgUaw&hl=de&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi04PX82dvmAhVKK5oKHUwGAR8Q6AEwAXoECAcQAQ#v=onepage&q=Rems%20fluvius&f=false FONS LATINITATIS CORVINIANUS BICORNIS, auctor. Christophorus Giglingius]; secundo de hydronymo et [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murr_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Er ist bereits in der Bezeichnung der römerzeitlichen Ansiedlung vicus murrensis belegt, die ein bei Benningen oder bei Murrhardt gelegenes Lagerdorf war (...)".</ref> Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Waiblinga]]<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Rems-Murr-Kreis'' |- | '''WND''' | [[Circulus terrae Sancti Wendelini]]<ref name="CDSW">Fingitur nomen huius circuli terrae, Theodisce ''Landkreis Sankt Wendel'' nucupati, sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit; et "Sancti Wendelini" est genetivus Latini hagionymo "Sanctus Wendelinus", Theodisce ''Sankt Wendel'', (Latino de hoc hagionymo, inspice [https://www.google.com/search?q=%22Sancti+Wendelini%22&client=firefox-b-d&sca_esv=a39f92e395423779&sxsrf=AHTn8zr38D38RdAayY4AX7cwVMKQx8W0WA:1745181816884&ei=eFwFaLPbNdqUxc8P4JvwyQs&start=20&sa=N&sstk=Af40H4WsUn6D4rIBN8dmTO0WkDK6ttHD7f-kREX-LdD4ErNenSh62OZYnzZjzkMQStdsBcAWFzDKiioCh7Jfrn6XbNADdznuYTcGnCsWQ0G9mOQlDtM-WrPZgQY83sK9lFuH&ved=2ahUKEwiz943yvOeMAxVaSvEDHeANPLk4ChDy0wN6BAgIEAc&biw=1273&bih=297&dpr=1.5 id apud Gugulam].</ref> | [[Oppidum Sancti Wendelini]] - ''St. Wendel'' |- | '''WO''' | Urbs [[Vormatia]] | Vormatia |- | '''WOB''' | Urbs [[Wolfsburg]] | ''Wolfsburg'' |- | '''WR''' | [[Circulus Werningrodensis]] | [[Werningroda]]<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> - ''Wernigerode'' |- | '''WSF''' | [[Circulus Leucopetrensis]] | [[Leucopetra]] |- | '''WST''' | [[Circulus Paludosoterrensis]].<ref name=de.wiki>De Germanica Vicipaedia</ref> Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Westerstede]]'' | ''Westerstede'' |- | '''WT''' | [[Circulus terrae Waldshutensis]]<ref>Fingitur nomen huius circuli, Theodisce ''Landkreis Waldshut'' nucupati, sic: "Waldshutensis-e" est gentilicium quod ad oppidum [[Waldishuote-Tuoingen]] refertur. Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://regionalia.blb-karlsruhe.de/frontdoor/deliver/index/docId/22736/file/BLB_Freiburger_Dioecesan_Archiv_1890_21.pdf ], ubi dicitur "(...) ex mandato laudabilis Magistratus Waldshutensis (...)"; quo de oppido, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waldshut-Tiengen#Geschichte_von_Waldshutn hunc articulum apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Arnoldo scultheto in Waldishuote'' (...) ''Sigillum civium in Waldishut'' (...) ''Actum apud Tuoingen coram populo Alpegouense'' (...)". Denique, Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit.</ref>. Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Waldishuote-Tuoingen]]<ref name="Hofmannus"/><ref name="Waldishuote-Tuoingen">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waldshut-Tiengen#Geschichte_von_Waldshutn hunc articulum apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Arnoldo scultheto in Waldishuote'' (...) ''Sigillum civium in Waldishut'' (...) ''Actum apud Tuoingen coram populo Alpegouense'' (...)".</ref> | Waldishuote-Tuoingen<ref name="Hofmannus"/><ref name="Waldishuote-Tuoingen"/> |- | '''WTM''' | [[Circulus Widmundensis]] | [[Widmundi]]<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> - ''Wittmund'' |- | rowspan="2" | '''WÜ''' | [[Herbipolis]] (AA-ZZ 100-9999) | rowspan="2" | Herbipolis |- | [[Circulus terrae Herbipolitanus]] (A-Z 1-9999 et AA-ZZ 1-99) |- | '''WUG''' | [[Circulus Weissenburgensis Noricensis]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Weissenburgum Noricum]]<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Weissenburgum Noricum]] - ''Weißenburg'' |- | '''WUN''' | [[Circulus terrae Bonsideliae in Montibus Piniferis]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Bonsideliae in Montibus Piniferis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Wunsiedel im Fichtelgebirge'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Bonsidelia|Bonsidelia-ae]]", vide {{Graesse}}. Latino de syntagmate "in [[Montes Piniferi|Montibus Piniferis]], Theodisce ''im Fichtelgebirge'' vertente, vide {{Google Books|3G0uAAAAYAAJ|p. 396}}.</ref> | [[Bonsidelia]]<ref name=Graesse/> |- | '''WW''' | [[Circulus Rheticus]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido [[Montaborina]]<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhetico mons|Rhetico]]<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> - [[Westerwaldia]] |- |} === X === {| class="wikitable" |- | '''X''' | Praetoria internationales [[OTAN|Consociationis ex Pacto Atlantico Septentrionali]] | [[OTAN]] |} === Y === {| class="wikitable" |- | '''Y''' | [[Copiae Foederales Germaniae]] | "Y" fortuite creatus, cum "BW" (sicut [[Germanice]]: ''Bundeswehr'') aut cognata erant condonata ad fundationem copiae. Cavallatio cursat apud milites Y fuerit finis [[Anglice|Anglici]] verbi ''Germany''. |Copiae Germaniae |- |} === Z === {| class="wikitable" |- | rowspan="2" | '''Z''' | Urbs [[Cygnea]] (XX) | rowspan="2" | Cygnea |- | [[Circulus Cygnensis]]. Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Werdau]]'' (alia) |- | '''ZI''' | [[Circulus Lobaviensis et Sitaviensis]].<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> Sedes magistratus est in oppido ''[[Sitavia]]'' | [[Sitavia]] |- | '''ZR''' | [[Landkreis Greiz]] | [[Zeulenroda]] |- | '''ZW''' | Urbs [[Bipontium]]<ref name=Graesse>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Zweibrücken'' |- |} {{NexInt}} *[[Index fluviorum (Germaniae)]] *[[Index lacuum (Germaniae)]] *[[Index regionum (Germaniae)]] *[[Index urbium (Germaniae)]] *[[Index vicorum (Germaniae)]] == Notae == <references/> [[Categoria:Autocineta]] [[Categoria:Indices]] [[Categoria:Pagi Germaniae|!]] rz9hecaltupk7byhhwffoyuogbmyqee 0 25155 3971917 3418360 2026-07-14T06:19:18Z Jondel 452 3971917 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Forum Pacis Caelestis''' ([[Sinice]] 天安门广场/天安門廣場, ''Tiān'ānmén Guǎngchǎng'') est permagnum [[forum (architectura)|forum]] urbanum medii [[Pechinum|Pechini]] in [[caput (urbs)|capite]] [[Res publica popularis Sinarum|Rei Publicae Popularis Sinarum]] situm, ex [[Porta Pacis Caelestis]] ([[Mandarinice]] 天安门广场, ''Tian'anmen'') appellatum, quae, in [[septentrio]]nali quadrati parte patens, id ab [[Urbs Vetita|Urbe Vetita]] separat. Ibi possunt visitari [[Monumentum Heroibus Populi]] ([[Mandarinice]] 人民英雄纪念碑, ''Rénmín Yīngxíong Jĭnìanbēi'') et [[mausoleum]] [[Mao Zedong|Maonis Zedong]], [[civitas sui iuris|civitatis]] conditoris. Forum ab eventu luctuoso notum est multis. Die [[4 Iunii]] anno [[1989]], illic [[revolutio|rebellio]] [[concursus populi]] actus [[Democratia|democratici]] Sinarum [[Manifestatio Fori Pacis Caelestis|violente fracta]] est.[[Fasciculus:Tiananmen Square-180Degree.jpg|thumb|550px|center|Despectus 180° in Forum Pacis Caelestis]] {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Pechinum]] [[Categoria:Fora]] goq8fqxez5dr9o749odm3hmufr0n9d0 3971918 3971917 2026-07-14T06:19:50Z Jondel 452 3971918 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Forum Pacis Caelestis''' ([[Sinice]] 天安门广场/天安門廣場, ''Tiān'ānmén Guǎngchǎng'') est permagnum [[forum (architectura)|forum]] urbanum medii [[Pechinum|Pechini]] in [[caput (urbs)|capite]] [[Res publica popularis Sinarum|Rei Publicae Popularis Sinarum]] situm, ex [[Porta Pacis Caelestis]] ([[Mandarinice]] 天安门广场, ''Tian'anmen'') appellatum, quae, in [[septentrio]]nali quadrati parte patens, id ab [[Urbs Vetita|Urbe Vetita]] separat. Ibi possunt visitari [[Monumentum Heroibus Populi]] ([[Mandarinice]] 人民英雄纪念碑, ''Rénmín Yīngxíong Jĭnìanbēi'') et [[mausoleum]] [[Mao Zedong|Maonis Zedong]], [[civitas sui iuris|civitatis]] conditoris. Forum ab eventu luctuoso notum est multis. Die [[4 Iunii]] anno [[1989]], illic [[revolutio|rebellio]] [[concursus populi]] actus [[Democratia|democratici]] Sinarum [[Manifestatio Fori Pacis Caelestis|violente fracta]] est.[[Fasciculus:Tiananmen Square-180Degree.jpg|thumb|550px|Despectus 180° in Forum Pacis Caelestis]] {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Pechinum]] [[Categoria:Fora]] kkhen3jracnazzvfnz2b2zulwbs3sa9 3971919 3971918 2026-07-14T06:20:19Z Jondel 452 3971919 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Tiananmen Square-180Degree.jpg|thumb|550px|Despectus 180° in Forum Pacis Caelestis]] '''Forum Pacis Caelestis''' ([[Sinice]] 天安门广场/天安門廣場, ''Tiān'ānmén Guǎngchǎng'') est permagnum [[forum (architectura)|forum]] urbanum medii [[Pechinum|Pechini]] in [[caput (urbs)|capite]] [[Res publica popularis Sinarum|Rei Publicae Popularis Sinarum]] situm, ex [[Porta Pacis Caelestis]] ([[Mandarinice]] 天安门广场, ''Tian'anmen'') appellatum, quae, in [[septentrio]]nali quadrati parte patens, id ab [[Urbs Vetita|Urbe Vetita]] separat. Ibi possunt visitari [[Monumentum Heroibus Populi]] ([[Mandarinice]] 人民英雄纪念碑, ''Rénmín Yīngxíong Jĭnìanbēi'') et [[mausoleum]] [[Mao Zedong|Maonis Zedong]], [[civitas sui iuris|civitatis]] conditoris. Forum ab eventu luctuoso notum est multis. Die [[4 Iunii]] anno [[1989]], illic [[revolutio|rebellio]] [[concursus populi]] actus [[Democratia|democratici]] Sinarum [[Manifestatio Fori Pacis Caelestis|violente fracta]] est. {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Pechinum]] [[Categoria:Fora]] rvo1bv9142fexfb8tl49ekalhgowega 0 32010 3971859 3971327 2026-07-13T16:46:30Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Fontes */ 3971859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Base statua di Virio Nicomaco Flaviano - Musei Capitolini.jpg|thumb|{{CIL|6|1782}}: Basis statuae Nicomachi.]] '''Virius Nicomachus Flavianus''' (natus anno [[334]] - obiit die [[6 Septembris]] [[394]]) fuit scriptor, vir publicus, [[consul]] ac [[senator]] Romanus "factionis" [[paganismus|paganae]]. Eius historia deperdita est sed inter convivas ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Macrobi Saturnalium]]'' inducitur. A quibusdam auctor aut editor ''[[Historia Augusta|Historiae Augustae]]'' creditur<ref>Emilienne Demougeot (1953). Cf. Festy, Michel. "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/crai_0065-0536_2004_num_148_2_22744 Les Nicomaques, auteurs de l'Histoire auguste. La jalousie des méchants]",''Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres'', 2004: 757-767</ref>. == De familia == Filius Volusii Venusti<ref>[[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius|Macrobius]], ''[[Saturnalia]]'' I.5.13. A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/948/mode/2up 949]</ref> ex vicario Hispaniarum<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]] 23.1.4 et 28.1.24-25.</ref> erat. Ipse duos filios genuit: [[Nicomachus Flavianus iunior|Nicomachum Flavianum iuniorem]]<ref>A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/344/mode/2up 345-347]. [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Ep''. II.17 et 19 et 22 et 24.</ref>, qui sese ad christianismum convertit<ref>[[Augustinus Hipponensis]], ''[[De civitate Dei|De Civitate Dei]]'' V.26.</ref> atque ter [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] fuit, et Venustum<ref>A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/948/mode/2up 948]. [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Ep''. II.17 et 88, VI.12 et 20, IX.17.</ref> qui res publicas neglexit et privatis operam dedit. Nepos ei fuit Appius Nicomachus Dexter [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]]. == De cursu honorum == Fuit ex ordine Siciliae consularis (364-5), vicarius Africae ([[377]]), [[Quaestor sacri palatii|quaestor sacri palatii]] [[Theodosius I|imperatoris Theodosii]], praefectus Illyrici (383). Deinde aliquamdiu sine officio fuit ob filii dedecus. Ab anno [[390]] cum Theodosio reconciliatus praefecturas Italiae, Africae, Illyrici gessit. [[Usurpatio|Usurpatorem]] [[Eugenius (imperator)|Eugenium]] deinde sequitur qui [[Tolerantia|tolerantiam]] erga priscos cultus profitebatur et [[Consul|consulatum]] Nicomacho offert. Post partes tamen victas die 5 septembris [[394]] sibi mortem conscivit. [[Pontifex|Pontificatu]] maiore quoque honoratus erat. Diu post mortem anno [[431]] memoria eius in integrum ab imperatoribus [[Theodosius II|Theodosio II]] et [[Valentinianus III|Valentiniano III]] restituta est (nam "livor improborum" ab eo Theodosium abalienaverat) auctoribus filio et nepote [[Appius Nicomachus Dexter|Nicomacho Dextro]]<ref> {{CIL|6|1783}} C. W. Hedrick (2000).</ref>. == Notae == <references /> == Fontes == *{{CIL|6|1782}} {{CIL|6|1783}} *[[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius|Macrobius]], ''[[Saturnalia]]'' I.5.13. * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], libro secundo epistularum necnon III.69 et 90. == Lege etiam == * Bruno Bleckmann, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436364 Bemerkungen zu den Annales des Nicomachus Flavianus]", ''Historia'' vol. 44 (1995) pp. 83–100 *Iohannes Petrus Callu, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/efr_0223-5099_2006_ant_361_1_11710 Les préfectures de Nicomaque Flavien]", in ''Mélanges d’histoire ancienne offerts à William Seston'', 1974, pp. 73-80 *Émilienne Demougeot, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1953_num_22_2_3215 Flavius Vopiscus est-il Nicomaque Flavien ?]", ''L'Antiquité Classique'', 1953: 361-382 *Lucie Desbrosses, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_2013_num_115_2_5844 L’Histoire Auguste – De Nicomaque Flavien senior à Naucellius. À propos de M. Thomson, Studies in the Historia Augusta, Bruxelles 2012]", ''Revue des Études Anciennes'', 2013: 645-652 * Robert Malcolm Errington, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436261 The Praetorian Prefectures of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]", ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 439–461. *Michel Festy, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436487 Le début et la fin des "Annales" de Nicomaque Flavien]", ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 1997: 465-478 * Thomas Grünewald, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436262 Der letzte Kampf des Heidentums in Rom? Zur posthumen Rehabilitation des Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]", ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 462–487 * Charles W. Hedrick Jr., ''History and Silence: The Purge and Rehabilitation of Memory in Late Antiquity''. Austin, 2000. ISBN 0-292-73121-3 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=m1lfk9DCtIsC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud guglum librorum] *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/346/mode/2up 347-349] * James J. O’Donnell, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20081223162508/http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/jod/texts/flavianus.html The Career of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]", ''Phoenix'' vol. 32 (1978) pp. 129–143 * Jelle Wytzes, ''Der letzte Kampf des Heidentums in Rom''. Leiden: Brill, 1977 == Nexus externi == *[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Virius_Nicomachus_Flavianus Nicomachum Flavianum] pertinent. * {{BBKL|v/virus_n_f|auctor=Wolfgang Kuhoff|commentatio=VIRIUS NICOMACHUS FLAVIANUS|tomus=12|columnae=1442-1456}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070926234215/http://compute-in.ku-eichstaett.de:8888/pls/epigr/epiergebnis?p_belegstelle=CIL+06,+01783&r_sortierung=Belegstelle ↑ Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (CIL) 6, 1783] [[Categoria:Scriptores Imperii Romani]] [[Categoria:Scriptores operum deperditorum]] [[Categoria:Historici Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Consules]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]] [[Categoria:Nati 334]] [[Categoria:Mortui 394]] [[Categoria:Homines qui sibi mortem consciverunt]] 71tulwf7uyt99s5zx70bxcg8crxbkez 0 32801 3971842 3384511 2026-07-13T15:56:55Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Fontes */ 3971842 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Imago:Stilico diptych.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Diptychon consulare]] Stilichonis anni circiter [[400]], [[Modicia]]e in thesauro ecclesiae cathedralis conservatum. Monstrat autem Stilichonem cum uxore [[Serena]] et filio [[Eucherius (filius Stilichonis)|Eucherio]]. Puerorum in clipeo Stilichonis sculptorum sunt qui [[Arcadius|Arcadii]] [[Honorius|Honoriique]] fratrum Augustorum imagines esse doceant, ut quorum pro tutela atque patrono Stilicho se gesserit.]] '''Flavius Stilicho''' (qui anno [[359]] circiter natus anno [[408]] die [[22 Augusti|22 mensis Augusti]] [[Ravenna]]e iussu [[Heraclianus|Heracliani]] ducis exercitus [[imperator]]is [[Flavius Augustus Honorius|Honorii]] supplicio adfectus est) erat [[magister militum]] originis [[barbari]]cae<ref>''semi barbarus; [[Vandali|vandalus]]</ref> et [[Comes|comes stabuli]] et [[consul]] anni [[400]] et [[405]]. Testis atque interpres rerum a Stilichone gestarum maximus [[Claudianus]] poeta extat in carminibus 2–28 et nonnullis carminibus minoribus. Contra ab [[Orosius|Orosio]] Stilichonis facta depinguntur ut vituperanda. Quod Vandalus erat, etiam [[Arianismus|Arrianus]]. ==De vita== Stilicho in hodierna [[Germania]] natus est a patre [[Vandali|Vandalo]], auxiliario in exercitu Romano, et matre quae civis [[Roma|Romana]] erat. Tamen semper se Romanum putavit etiamsi erat, sicut plurimi Germani, Arrianus, ergo putatus haereticus. Correcte tres linguas principales illius temporis loquebatur: [[Lingua Germanica|Germanicam]] communem, [[Lingua Latina|Latinam]] [[Lingua Graeca|Graecamque]]. Historiographiae vir videtur multum ambiguus: putatus dux fidelis causae Imperii Romani, egit negative{{dubsig}} pro se. Nam [[Alaricus|Alaricum]] non pepulit neque limitem ad flumen [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] servavit. [[Theodosius I|Theodosio I]] regnante, qui ultimus utriusque partis Imperi imperator fuit, miles Romanus fuit. Anno [[384]] eum ad regem Persam [[Sapor III|Saporem III]] misit, ut de pace et partitione [[Armenia|Armeniae]] ageret. Missio felix fuit et Stilicho, cum Theodosium [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopoli]] adisset, generalis factus est, ut limites a [[Visigothi|Visigothibus]] defenderet: ille hoc negotium per circa viginta annos habuit. Theodosius quia virtutem eius videbat, ei Serenam suam nepotem uxorem dedit, quae postea filia adoptiva fuit. Eo coniugio nati sunt filius [[Eucherius]] et duae filiae, Maria et Termantia, quae uxores imperatoris [[Honorius|Honorii]] fuerunt . Imperatore [[Valentinianus II|Valentiniano II]] anno [[392]] interfecto, Stilicho exercitum paravit quod, Theodosio duce, [[Flavius Eugenius|Flavium Eugenium]] proelio ad flumen Frigidum vicit. In hac quoque pugna Stilicho imperavit, cum haberet subordinatum Alaricum Visigothum (deinde suum inimicum), qui magnam auxiliariorum [[Gothi|Gothorum]] copiam ducebat. Anno [[400]] una cum [[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]] consulatum gessit. [[Monumentum]] [[marmor]]eum annis circa 400 factum et dictum sepulcrum Stilichonis in [[basilica]] sancti [[Ambrosius|Ambrosii]] [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] exstat, sed Stilicho hac in urbe sepultus esse vix veri simile videtur. Nam primo testimonia desunt, deinde omnino corpus illis temporibus inquietissimis ac bellicosis a loco supplicii Mediolanum tralatum esse a multis viris doctis denegatur. ==Nota== <div class="references-small"><references/></div> == Fontes == * ''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]] ''[[Historia nova]]'' * [[Orosius|Paulus Orosius]], ''[[Historiae adversus paganos]]'' * [[Claudius Rutilius Namatianus]], ''De reditu suo'' == Nexus externus == {{communia|Stilicho|Flavium Stilichonem}} == Bibliographia == * [[Eduardus Gibbon]], ''The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'' * Santo Mazzarino, ''Stilicone'' ([[1942]]) (Rizzoli ISBN 978-88-17-33616-1) {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropius]] et [[Flavius Mallius Theodorus]]| annus= 400<br />cum<br />[[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]]| successores=[[Flavius Fravitta]] et [[Flavius Vincentius]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Honorius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Honorius Augustus]] VI et [[Aristaenetus]]| annus= 405<br />cum<br />[[Flavius Anthemius|Flavio Anthemio]]| successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] VI et [[Anicius Flavius Petronius Probus]]}} {{Lifetime|saeculo 4|408|Stilicho, Flavius}} [[Categoria:Ductores exercitus]] [[Categoria:Milites Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Morte damnati]] ctnlivv89gu4ed4sbqw682gin1y6gpi 3971843 3971842 2026-07-13T15:58:39Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Fontes */ 3971843 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Imago:Stilico diptych.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Diptychon consulare]] Stilichonis anni circiter [[400]], [[Modicia]]e in thesauro ecclesiae cathedralis conservatum. Monstrat autem Stilichonem cum uxore [[Serena]] et filio [[Eucherius (filius Stilichonis)|Eucherio]]. Puerorum in clipeo Stilichonis sculptorum sunt qui [[Arcadius|Arcadii]] [[Honorius|Honoriique]] fratrum Augustorum imagines esse doceant, ut quorum pro tutela atque patrono Stilicho se gesserit.]] '''Flavius Stilicho''' (qui anno [[359]] circiter natus anno [[408]] die [[22 Augusti|22 mensis Augusti]] [[Ravenna]]e iussu [[Heraclianus|Heracliani]] ducis exercitus [[imperator]]is [[Flavius Augustus Honorius|Honorii]] supplicio adfectus est) erat [[magister militum]] originis [[barbari]]cae<ref>''semi barbarus; [[Vandali|vandalus]]</ref> et [[Comes|comes stabuli]] et [[consul]] anni [[400]] et [[405]]. Testis atque interpres rerum a Stilichone gestarum maximus [[Claudianus]] poeta extat in carminibus 2–28 et nonnullis carminibus minoribus. Contra ab [[Orosius|Orosio]] Stilichonis facta depinguntur ut vituperanda. Quod Vandalus erat, etiam [[Arianismus|Arrianus]]. ==De vita== Stilicho in hodierna [[Germania]] natus est a patre [[Vandali|Vandalo]], auxiliario in exercitu Romano, et matre quae civis [[Roma|Romana]] erat. Tamen semper se Romanum putavit etiamsi erat, sicut plurimi Germani, Arrianus, ergo putatus haereticus. Correcte tres linguas principales illius temporis loquebatur: [[Lingua Germanica|Germanicam]] communem, [[Lingua Latina|Latinam]] [[Lingua Graeca|Graecamque]]. Historiographiae vir videtur multum ambiguus: putatus dux fidelis causae Imperii Romani, egit negative{{dubsig}} pro se. Nam [[Alaricus|Alaricum]] non pepulit neque limitem ad flumen [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] servavit. [[Theodosius I|Theodosio I]] regnante, qui ultimus utriusque partis Imperi imperator fuit, miles Romanus fuit. Anno [[384]] eum ad regem Persam [[Sapor III|Saporem III]] misit, ut de pace et partitione [[Armenia|Armeniae]] ageret. Missio felix fuit et Stilicho, cum Theodosium [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopoli]] adisset, generalis factus est, ut limites a [[Visigothi|Visigothibus]] defenderet: ille hoc negotium per circa viginta annos habuit. Theodosius quia virtutem eius videbat, ei Serenam suam nepotem uxorem dedit, quae postea filia adoptiva fuit. Eo coniugio nati sunt filius [[Eucherius]] et duae filiae, Maria et Termantia, quae uxores imperatoris [[Honorius|Honorii]] fuerunt . Imperatore [[Valentinianus II|Valentiniano II]] anno [[392]] interfecto, Stilicho exercitum paravit quod, Theodosio duce, [[Flavius Eugenius|Flavium Eugenium]] proelio ad flumen Frigidum vicit. In hac quoque pugna Stilicho imperavit, cum haberet subordinatum Alaricum Visigothum (deinde suum inimicum), qui magnam auxiliariorum [[Gothi|Gothorum]] copiam ducebat. Anno [[400]] una cum [[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]] consulatum gessit. [[Monumentum]] [[marmor]]eum annis circa 400 factum et dictum sepulcrum Stilichonis in [[basilica]] sancti [[Ambrosius|Ambrosii]] [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] exstat, sed Stilicho hac in urbe sepultus esse vix veri simile videtur. Nam primo testimonia desunt, deinde omnino corpus illis temporibus inquietissimis ac bellicosis a loco supplicii Mediolanum tralatum esse a multis viris doctis denegatur. ==Nota== <div class="references-small"><references/></div> == Fontes == * ''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]] ''[[Historia nova]]'' * [[Orosius|Paulus Orosius]], ''[[Historiae adversus paganos]]'' * [[Claudius Rutilius Namatianus]], ''De reditu suo'' * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Epistulae'' IV.1-14 == Nexus externus == {{communia|Stilicho|Flavium Stilichonem}} == Bibliographia == * [[Eduardus Gibbon]], ''The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'' * Santo Mazzarino, ''Stilicone'' ([[1942]]) (Rizzoli ISBN 978-88-17-33616-1) {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropius]] et [[Flavius Mallius Theodorus]]| annus= 400<br />cum<br />[[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]]| successores=[[Flavius Fravitta]] et [[Flavius Vincentius]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Honorius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Honorius Augustus]] VI et [[Aristaenetus]]| annus= 405<br />cum<br />[[Flavius Anthemius|Flavio Anthemio]]| successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] VI et [[Anicius Flavius Petronius Probus]]}} {{Lifetime|saeculo 4|408|Stilicho, Flavius}} [[Categoria:Ductores exercitus]] [[Categoria:Milites Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Morte damnati]] ojvlpyzba2xxodhjnbvjjsok87ulj5z 3971844 3971843 2026-07-13T16:00:00Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Fontes */ 3971844 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Imago:Stilico diptych.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Diptychon consulare]] Stilichonis anni circiter [[400]], [[Modicia]]e in thesauro ecclesiae cathedralis conservatum. Monstrat autem Stilichonem cum uxore [[Serena]] et filio [[Eucherius (filius Stilichonis)|Eucherio]]. Puerorum in clipeo Stilichonis sculptorum sunt qui [[Arcadius|Arcadii]] [[Honorius|Honoriique]] fratrum Augustorum imagines esse doceant, ut quorum pro tutela atque patrono Stilicho se gesserit.]] '''Flavius Stilicho''' (qui anno [[359]] circiter natus anno [[408]] die [[22 Augusti|22 mensis Augusti]] [[Ravenna]]e iussu [[Heraclianus|Heracliani]] ducis exercitus [[imperator]]is [[Flavius Augustus Honorius|Honorii]] supplicio adfectus est) erat [[magister militum]] originis [[barbari]]cae<ref>''semi barbarus; [[Vandali|vandalus]]</ref> et [[Comes|comes stabuli]] et [[consul]] anni [[400]] et [[405]]. Testis atque interpres rerum a Stilichone gestarum maximus [[Claudianus]] poeta extat in carminibus 2–28 et nonnullis carminibus minoribus. Contra ab [[Orosius|Orosio]] Stilichonis facta depinguntur ut vituperanda. Quod Vandalus erat, etiam [[Arianismus|Arrianus]]. ==De vita== Stilicho in hodierna [[Germania]] natus est a patre [[Vandali|Vandalo]], auxiliario in exercitu Romano, et matre quae civis [[Roma|Romana]] erat. Tamen semper se Romanum putavit etiamsi erat, sicut plurimi Germani, Arrianus, ergo putatus haereticus. Correcte tres linguas principales illius temporis loquebatur: [[Lingua Germanica|Germanicam]] communem, [[Lingua Latina|Latinam]] [[Lingua Graeca|Graecamque]]. Historiographiae vir videtur multum ambiguus: putatus dux fidelis causae Imperii Romani, egit negative{{dubsig}} pro se. Nam [[Alaricus|Alaricum]] non pepulit neque limitem ad flumen [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] servavit. [[Theodosius I|Theodosio I]] regnante, qui ultimus utriusque partis Imperi imperator fuit, miles Romanus fuit. Anno [[384]] eum ad regem Persam [[Sapor III|Saporem III]] misit, ut de pace et partitione [[Armenia|Armeniae]] ageret. Missio felix fuit et Stilicho, cum Theodosium [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopoli]] adisset, generalis factus est, ut limites a [[Visigothi|Visigothibus]] defenderet: ille hoc negotium per circa viginta annos habuit. Theodosius quia virtutem eius videbat, ei Serenam suam nepotem uxorem dedit, quae postea filia adoptiva fuit. Eo coniugio nati sunt filius [[Eucherius]] et duae filiae, Maria et Termantia, quae uxores imperatoris [[Honorius|Honorii]] fuerunt . Imperatore [[Valentinianus II|Valentiniano II]] anno [[392]] interfecto, Stilicho exercitum paravit quod, Theodosio duce, [[Flavius Eugenius|Flavium Eugenium]] proelio ad flumen Frigidum vicit. In hac quoque pugna Stilicho imperavit, cum haberet subordinatum Alaricum Visigothum (deinde suum inimicum), qui magnam auxiliariorum [[Gothi|Gothorum]] copiam ducebat. Anno [[400]] una cum [[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]] consulatum gessit. [[Monumentum]] [[marmor]]eum annis circa 400 factum et dictum sepulcrum Stilichonis in [[basilica]] sancti [[Ambrosius|Ambrosii]] [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] exstat, sed Stilicho hac in urbe sepultus esse vix veri simile videtur. Nam primo testimonia desunt, deinde omnino corpus illis temporibus inquietissimis ac bellicosis a loco supplicii Mediolanum tralatum esse a multis viris doctis denegatur. ==Nota== <div class="references-small"><references/></div> == Fontes == * [[Claudius Claudianus|Claudianus]], ''De consulatu Stilichonis'' * ''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]] ''[[Historia nova]]'' * [[Orosius|Paulus Orosius]], ''[[Historiae adversus paganos]]'' * [[Claudius Rutilius Namatianus]], ''De reditu suo'' * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Epistulae'' IV.1-14 == Nexus externus == {{communia|Stilicho|Flavium Stilichonem}} == Bibliographia == * [[Eduardus Gibbon]], ''The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'' * Santo Mazzarino, ''Stilicone'' ([[1942]]) (Rizzoli ISBN 978-88-17-33616-1) {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropius]] et [[Flavius Mallius Theodorus]]| annus= 400<br />cum<br />[[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]]| successores=[[Flavius Fravitta]] et [[Flavius Vincentius]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Honorius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Honorius Augustus]] VI et [[Aristaenetus]]| annus= 405<br />cum<br />[[Flavius Anthemius|Flavio Anthemio]]| successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] VI et [[Anicius Flavius Petronius Probus]]}} {{Lifetime|saeculo 4|408|Stilicho, Flavius}} [[Categoria:Ductores exercitus]] [[Categoria:Milites Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Morte damnati]] 15xhn24mkf3j9wa3bmkeyy8tqdpr98f 3971845 3971844 2026-07-13T16:02:13Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Bibliographia */ 3971845 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Imago:Stilico diptych.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Diptychon consulare]] Stilichonis anni circiter [[400]], [[Modicia]]e in thesauro ecclesiae cathedralis conservatum. Monstrat autem Stilichonem cum uxore [[Serena]] et filio [[Eucherius (filius Stilichonis)|Eucherio]]. Puerorum in clipeo Stilichonis sculptorum sunt qui [[Arcadius|Arcadii]] [[Honorius|Honoriique]] fratrum Augustorum imagines esse doceant, ut quorum pro tutela atque patrono Stilicho se gesserit.]] '''Flavius Stilicho''' (qui anno [[359]] circiter natus anno [[408]] die [[22 Augusti|22 mensis Augusti]] [[Ravenna]]e iussu [[Heraclianus|Heracliani]] ducis exercitus [[imperator]]is [[Flavius Augustus Honorius|Honorii]] supplicio adfectus est) erat [[magister militum]] originis [[barbari]]cae<ref>''semi barbarus; [[Vandali|vandalus]]</ref> et [[Comes|comes stabuli]] et [[consul]] anni [[400]] et [[405]]. Testis atque interpres rerum a Stilichone gestarum maximus [[Claudianus]] poeta extat in carminibus 2–28 et nonnullis carminibus minoribus. Contra ab [[Orosius|Orosio]] Stilichonis facta depinguntur ut vituperanda. Quod Vandalus erat, etiam [[Arianismus|Arrianus]]. ==De vita== Stilicho in hodierna [[Germania]] natus est a patre [[Vandali|Vandalo]], auxiliario in exercitu Romano, et matre quae civis [[Roma|Romana]] erat. Tamen semper se Romanum putavit etiamsi erat, sicut plurimi Germani, Arrianus, ergo putatus haereticus. Correcte tres linguas principales illius temporis loquebatur: [[Lingua Germanica|Germanicam]] communem, [[Lingua Latina|Latinam]] [[Lingua Graeca|Graecamque]]. Historiographiae vir videtur multum ambiguus: putatus dux fidelis causae Imperii Romani, egit negative{{dubsig}} pro se. Nam [[Alaricus|Alaricum]] non pepulit neque limitem ad flumen [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] servavit. [[Theodosius I|Theodosio I]] regnante, qui ultimus utriusque partis Imperi imperator fuit, miles Romanus fuit. Anno [[384]] eum ad regem Persam [[Sapor III|Saporem III]] misit, ut de pace et partitione [[Armenia|Armeniae]] ageret. Missio felix fuit et Stilicho, cum Theodosium [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopoli]] adisset, generalis factus est, ut limites a [[Visigothi|Visigothibus]] defenderet: ille hoc negotium per circa viginta annos habuit. Theodosius quia virtutem eius videbat, ei Serenam suam nepotem uxorem dedit, quae postea filia adoptiva fuit. Eo coniugio nati sunt filius [[Eucherius]] et duae filiae, Maria et Termantia, quae uxores imperatoris [[Honorius|Honorii]] fuerunt . Imperatore [[Valentinianus II|Valentiniano II]] anno [[392]] interfecto, Stilicho exercitum paravit quod, Theodosio duce, [[Flavius Eugenius|Flavium Eugenium]] proelio ad flumen Frigidum vicit. In hac quoque pugna Stilicho imperavit, cum haberet subordinatum Alaricum Visigothum (deinde suum inimicum), qui magnam auxiliariorum [[Gothi|Gothorum]] copiam ducebat. Anno [[400]] una cum [[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]] consulatum gessit. [[Monumentum]] [[marmor]]eum annis circa 400 factum et dictum sepulcrum Stilichonis in [[basilica]] sancti [[Ambrosius|Ambrosii]] [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] exstat, sed Stilicho hac in urbe sepultus esse vix veri simile videtur. Nam primo testimonia desunt, deinde omnino corpus illis temporibus inquietissimis ac bellicosis a loco supplicii Mediolanum tralatum esse a multis viris doctis denegatur. ==Nota== <div class="references-small"><references/></div> == Fontes == * [[Claudius Claudianus|Claudianus]], ''De consulatu Stilichonis'' * ''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]] ''[[Historia nova]]'' * [[Orosius|Paulus Orosius]], ''[[Historiae adversus paganos]]'' * [[Claudius Rutilius Namatianus]], ''De reditu suo'' * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Epistulae'' IV.1-14 == Nexus externus == {{communia|Stilicho|Flavium Stilichonem}} == Plura legere si cupis == * [[Eduardus Gibbon]], ''The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'' *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/852/mode/2up 853-858] * Santo Mazzarino, ''Stilicone'' ([[1942]]) (Rizzoli ISBN 978-88-17-33616-1) {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropius]] et [[Flavius Mallius Theodorus]]| annus= 400<br />cum<br />[[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]]| successores=[[Flavius Fravitta]] et [[Flavius Vincentius]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Honorius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Honorius Augustus]] VI et [[Aristaenetus]]| annus= 405<br />cum<br />[[Flavius Anthemius|Flavio Anthemio]]| successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] VI et [[Anicius Flavius Petronius Probus]]}} {{Lifetime|saeculo 4|408|Stilicho, Flavius}} [[Categoria:Ductores exercitus]] [[Categoria:Milites Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Morte damnati]] qrzsox7g566zif119wqsaz316z2wc62 3971846 3971845 2026-07-13T16:05:37Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Plura legere si cupis */ 3971846 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Imago:Stilico diptych.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Diptychon consulare]] Stilichonis anni circiter [[400]], [[Modicia]]e in thesauro ecclesiae cathedralis conservatum. Monstrat autem Stilichonem cum uxore [[Serena]] et filio [[Eucherius (filius Stilichonis)|Eucherio]]. Puerorum in clipeo Stilichonis sculptorum sunt qui [[Arcadius|Arcadii]] [[Honorius|Honoriique]] fratrum Augustorum imagines esse doceant, ut quorum pro tutela atque patrono Stilicho se gesserit.]] '''Flavius Stilicho''' (qui anno [[359]] circiter natus anno [[408]] die [[22 Augusti|22 mensis Augusti]] [[Ravenna]]e iussu [[Heraclianus|Heracliani]] ducis exercitus [[imperator]]is [[Flavius Augustus Honorius|Honorii]] supplicio adfectus est) erat [[magister militum]] originis [[barbari]]cae<ref>''semi barbarus; [[Vandali|vandalus]]</ref> et [[Comes|comes stabuli]] et [[consul]] anni [[400]] et [[405]]. Testis atque interpres rerum a Stilichone gestarum maximus [[Claudianus]] poeta extat in carminibus 2–28 et nonnullis carminibus minoribus. Contra ab [[Orosius|Orosio]] Stilichonis facta depinguntur ut vituperanda. Quod Vandalus erat, etiam [[Arianismus|Arrianus]]. ==De vita== Stilicho in hodierna [[Germania]] natus est a patre [[Vandali|Vandalo]], auxiliario in exercitu Romano, et matre quae civis [[Roma|Romana]] erat. Tamen semper se Romanum putavit etiamsi erat, sicut plurimi Germani, Arrianus, ergo putatus haereticus. Correcte tres linguas principales illius temporis loquebatur: [[Lingua Germanica|Germanicam]] communem, [[Lingua Latina|Latinam]] [[Lingua Graeca|Graecamque]]. Historiographiae vir videtur multum ambiguus: putatus dux fidelis causae Imperii Romani, egit negative{{dubsig}} pro se. Nam [[Alaricus|Alaricum]] non pepulit neque limitem ad flumen [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] servavit. [[Theodosius I|Theodosio I]] regnante, qui ultimus utriusque partis Imperi imperator fuit, miles Romanus fuit. Anno [[384]] eum ad regem Persam [[Sapor III|Saporem III]] misit, ut de pace et partitione [[Armenia|Armeniae]] ageret. Missio felix fuit et Stilicho, cum Theodosium [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopoli]] adisset, generalis factus est, ut limites a [[Visigothi|Visigothibus]] defenderet: ille hoc negotium per circa viginta annos habuit. Theodosius quia virtutem eius videbat, ei Serenam suam nepotem uxorem dedit, quae postea filia adoptiva fuit. Eo coniugio nati sunt filius [[Eucherius]] et duae filiae, Maria et Termantia, quae uxores imperatoris [[Honorius|Honorii]] fuerunt . Imperatore [[Valentinianus II|Valentiniano II]] anno [[392]] interfecto, Stilicho exercitum paravit quod, Theodosio duce, [[Flavius Eugenius|Flavium Eugenium]] proelio ad flumen Frigidum vicit. In hac quoque pugna Stilicho imperavit, cum haberet subordinatum Alaricum Visigothum (deinde suum inimicum), qui magnam auxiliariorum [[Gothi|Gothorum]] copiam ducebat. Anno [[400]] una cum [[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]] consulatum gessit. [[Monumentum]] [[marmor]]eum annis circa 400 factum et dictum sepulcrum Stilichonis in [[basilica]] sancti [[Ambrosius|Ambrosii]] [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] exstat, sed Stilicho hac in urbe sepultus esse vix veri simile videtur. Nam primo testimonia desunt, deinde omnino corpus illis temporibus inquietissimis ac bellicosis a loco supplicii Mediolanum tralatum esse a multis viris doctis denegatur. ==Nota== <div class="references-small"><references/></div> == Fontes == * [[Claudius Claudianus|Claudianus]], ''De consulatu Stilichonis'' * ''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]] ''[[Historia nova]]'' * [[Orosius|Paulus Orosius]], ''[[Historiae adversus paganos]]'' * [[Claudius Rutilius Namatianus]], ''De reditu suo'' * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Epistulae'' IV.1-14 == Nexus externus == {{communia|Stilicho|Flavium Stilichonem}} == Plura legere si cupis == * [[Eduardus Gibbon]], ''The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'' *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/852/mode/2up 853-858] * Santo Mazzarino, ''Stilicone'' ([[1942]]) (Rizzoli ISBN 978-88-17-33616-1) *Michaël Vannesse, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/rbph_0035-0818_2010_num_88_1_7794 L’armée romaine en Occident sous Stilichon (395-408 ap. J.-C.) : le témoignage des décrets impériaux]", ''Revue belge de Philologie et d'Histoire'', 2010: 99-112 {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropius]] et [[Flavius Mallius Theodorus]]| annus= 400<br />cum<br />[[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]]| successores=[[Flavius Fravitta]] et [[Flavius Vincentius]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Honorius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Honorius Augustus]] VI et [[Aristaenetus]]| annus= 405<br />cum<br />[[Flavius Anthemius|Flavio Anthemio]]| successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] VI et [[Anicius Flavius Petronius Probus]]}} {{Lifetime|saeculo 4|408|Stilicho, Flavius}} [[Categoria:Ductores exercitus]] [[Categoria:Milites Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Morte damnati]] aasl5swuci4mrd5oyzbgh5mgqya8cy4 3971847 3971846 2026-07-13T16:08:11Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Plura legere si cupis */ 3971847 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Imago:Stilico diptych.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Diptychon consulare]] Stilichonis anni circiter [[400]], [[Modicia]]e in thesauro ecclesiae cathedralis conservatum. Monstrat autem Stilichonem cum uxore [[Serena]] et filio [[Eucherius (filius Stilichonis)|Eucherio]]. Puerorum in clipeo Stilichonis sculptorum sunt qui [[Arcadius|Arcadii]] [[Honorius|Honoriique]] fratrum Augustorum imagines esse doceant, ut quorum pro tutela atque patrono Stilicho se gesserit.]] '''Flavius Stilicho''' (qui anno [[359]] circiter natus anno [[408]] die [[22 Augusti|22 mensis Augusti]] [[Ravenna]]e iussu [[Heraclianus|Heracliani]] ducis exercitus [[imperator]]is [[Flavius Augustus Honorius|Honorii]] supplicio adfectus est) erat [[magister militum]] originis [[barbari]]cae<ref>''semi barbarus; [[Vandali|vandalus]]</ref> et [[Comes|comes stabuli]] et [[consul]] anni [[400]] et [[405]]. Testis atque interpres rerum a Stilichone gestarum maximus [[Claudianus]] poeta extat in carminibus 2–28 et nonnullis carminibus minoribus. Contra ab [[Orosius|Orosio]] Stilichonis facta depinguntur ut vituperanda. Quod Vandalus erat, etiam [[Arianismus|Arrianus]]. ==De vita== Stilicho in hodierna [[Germania]] natus est a patre [[Vandali|Vandalo]], auxiliario in exercitu Romano, et matre quae civis [[Roma|Romana]] erat. Tamen semper se Romanum putavit etiamsi erat, sicut plurimi Germani, Arrianus, ergo putatus haereticus. Correcte tres linguas principales illius temporis loquebatur: [[Lingua Germanica|Germanicam]] communem, [[Lingua Latina|Latinam]] [[Lingua Graeca|Graecamque]]. Historiographiae vir videtur multum ambiguus: putatus dux fidelis causae Imperii Romani, egit negative{{dubsig}} pro se. Nam [[Alaricus|Alaricum]] non pepulit neque limitem ad flumen [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] servavit. [[Theodosius I|Theodosio I]] regnante, qui ultimus utriusque partis Imperi imperator fuit, miles Romanus fuit. Anno [[384]] eum ad regem Persam [[Sapor III|Saporem III]] misit, ut de pace et partitione [[Armenia|Armeniae]] ageret. Missio felix fuit et Stilicho, cum Theodosium [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopoli]] adisset, generalis factus est, ut limites a [[Visigothi|Visigothibus]] defenderet: ille hoc negotium per circa viginta annos habuit. Theodosius quia virtutem eius videbat, ei Serenam suam nepotem uxorem dedit, quae postea filia adoptiva fuit. Eo coniugio nati sunt filius [[Eucherius]] et duae filiae, Maria et Termantia, quae uxores imperatoris [[Honorius|Honorii]] fuerunt . Imperatore [[Valentinianus II|Valentiniano II]] anno [[392]] interfecto, Stilicho exercitum paravit quod, Theodosio duce, [[Flavius Eugenius|Flavium Eugenium]] proelio ad flumen Frigidum vicit. In hac quoque pugna Stilicho imperavit, cum haberet subordinatum Alaricum Visigothum (deinde suum inimicum), qui magnam auxiliariorum [[Gothi|Gothorum]] copiam ducebat. Anno [[400]] una cum [[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]] consulatum gessit. [[Monumentum]] [[marmor]]eum annis circa 400 factum et dictum sepulcrum Stilichonis in [[basilica]] sancti [[Ambrosius|Ambrosii]] [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] exstat, sed Stilicho hac in urbe sepultus esse vix veri simile videtur. Nam primo testimonia desunt, deinde omnino corpus illis temporibus inquietissimis ac bellicosis a loco supplicii Mediolanum tralatum esse a multis viris doctis denegatur. ==Nota== <div class="references-small"><references/></div> == Fontes == * [[Claudius Claudianus|Claudianus]], ''De consulatu Stilichonis'' * ''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]] ''[[Historia nova]]'' * [[Orosius|Paulus Orosius]], ''[[Historiae adversus paganos]]'' * [[Claudius Rutilius Namatianus]], ''De reditu suo'' * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Epistulae'' IV.1-14 == Nexus externus == {{communia|Stilicho|Flavium Stilichonem}} == Plura legere si cupis == * [[Eduardus Gibbon]], ''The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'' *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/852/mode/2up 853-858] * Bruno Pottier, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/mefr_0223-5102_2005_num_117_1_10947 Un pamphlet contre Stilichon dans l’Histoire Auguste : la vie de Maximin Le Thrace]", ''Mélanges de l'école française de Rome'', 2005 (117-1): 223-267 * Santo Mazzarino, ''Stilicone'' ([[1942]]) (Rizzoli ISBN 978-88-17-33616-1) *Michaël Vannesse, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/rbph_0035-0818_2010_num_88_1_7794 L’armée romaine en Occident sous Stilichon (395-408 ap. J.-C.) : le témoignage des décrets impériaux]", ''Revue belge de Philologie et d'Histoire'', 2010: 99-112 {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropius]] et [[Flavius Mallius Theodorus]]| annus= 400<br />cum<br />[[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]]| successores=[[Flavius Fravitta]] et [[Flavius Vincentius]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Honorius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Honorius Augustus]] VI et [[Aristaenetus]]| annus= 405<br />cum<br />[[Flavius Anthemius|Flavio Anthemio]]| successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] VI et [[Anicius Flavius Petronius Probus]]}} {{Lifetime|saeculo 4|408|Stilicho, Flavius}} [[Categoria:Ductores exercitus]] [[Categoria:Milites Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Morte damnati]] su1dy5badcaqn5iie4bhcei6u39t8cq 3971849 3971847 2026-07-13T16:11:33Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Nexus externus */ 3971849 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Imago:Stilico diptych.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Diptychon consulare]] Stilichonis anni circiter [[400]], [[Modicia]]e in thesauro ecclesiae cathedralis conservatum. Monstrat autem Stilichonem cum uxore [[Serena]] et filio [[Eucherius (filius Stilichonis)|Eucherio]]. Puerorum in clipeo Stilichonis sculptorum sunt qui [[Arcadius|Arcadii]] [[Honorius|Honoriique]] fratrum Augustorum imagines esse doceant, ut quorum pro tutela atque patrono Stilicho se gesserit.]] '''Flavius Stilicho''' (qui anno [[359]] circiter natus anno [[408]] die [[22 Augusti|22 mensis Augusti]] [[Ravenna]]e iussu [[Heraclianus|Heracliani]] ducis exercitus [[imperator]]is [[Flavius Augustus Honorius|Honorii]] supplicio adfectus est) erat [[magister militum]] originis [[barbari]]cae<ref>''semi barbarus; [[Vandali|vandalus]]</ref> et [[Comes|comes stabuli]] et [[consul]] anni [[400]] et [[405]]. Testis atque interpres rerum a Stilichone gestarum maximus [[Claudianus]] poeta extat in carminibus 2–28 et nonnullis carminibus minoribus. Contra ab [[Orosius|Orosio]] Stilichonis facta depinguntur ut vituperanda. Quod Vandalus erat, etiam [[Arianismus|Arrianus]]. ==De vita== Stilicho in hodierna [[Germania]] natus est a patre [[Vandali|Vandalo]], auxiliario in exercitu Romano, et matre quae civis [[Roma|Romana]] erat. Tamen semper se Romanum putavit etiamsi erat, sicut plurimi Germani, Arrianus, ergo putatus haereticus. Correcte tres linguas principales illius temporis loquebatur: [[Lingua Germanica|Germanicam]] communem, [[Lingua Latina|Latinam]] [[Lingua Graeca|Graecamque]]. Historiographiae vir videtur multum ambiguus: putatus dux fidelis causae Imperii Romani, egit negative{{dubsig}} pro se. Nam [[Alaricus|Alaricum]] non pepulit neque limitem ad flumen [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] servavit. [[Theodosius I|Theodosio I]] regnante, qui ultimus utriusque partis Imperi imperator fuit, miles Romanus fuit. Anno [[384]] eum ad regem Persam [[Sapor III|Saporem III]] misit, ut de pace et partitione [[Armenia|Armeniae]] ageret. Missio felix fuit et Stilicho, cum Theodosium [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopoli]] adisset, generalis factus est, ut limites a [[Visigothi|Visigothibus]] defenderet: ille hoc negotium per circa viginta annos habuit. Theodosius quia virtutem eius videbat, ei Serenam suam nepotem uxorem dedit, quae postea filia adoptiva fuit. Eo coniugio nati sunt filius [[Eucherius]] et duae filiae, Maria et Termantia, quae uxores imperatoris [[Honorius|Honorii]] fuerunt . Imperatore [[Valentinianus II|Valentiniano II]] anno [[392]] interfecto, Stilicho exercitum paravit quod, Theodosio duce, [[Flavius Eugenius|Flavium Eugenium]] proelio ad flumen Frigidum vicit. In hac quoque pugna Stilicho imperavit, cum haberet subordinatum Alaricum Visigothum (deinde suum inimicum), qui magnam auxiliariorum [[Gothi|Gothorum]] copiam ducebat. Anno [[400]] una cum [[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]] consulatum gessit. [[Monumentum]] [[marmor]]eum annis circa 400 factum et dictum sepulcrum Stilichonis in [[basilica]] sancti [[Ambrosius|Ambrosii]] [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] exstat, sed Stilicho hac in urbe sepultus esse vix veri simile videtur. Nam primo testimonia desunt, deinde omnino corpus illis temporibus inquietissimis ac bellicosis a loco supplicii Mediolanum tralatum esse a multis viris doctis denegatur. ==Nota== <div class="references-small"><references/></div> == Fontes == * [[Claudius Claudianus|Claudianus]], ''De consulatu Stilichonis'' * ''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]] ''[[Historia nova]]'' * [[Orosius|Paulus Orosius]], ''[[Historiae adversus paganos]]'' * [[Claudius Rutilius Namatianus]], ''De reditu suo'' * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Epistulae'' IV.1-14 == Nexus externi == {{communia|Stilicho|Flavium Stilichonem}} * Guillaume Vincent, ''Stilicon, architecte de la victoire: un examen du rôle stratégique du général lors de la bataille de la rivière Frigidus'' [https://mastersfdl.hypotheses.org/6020 Investigatio] == Plura legere si cupis == * [[Eduardus Gibbon]], ''The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'' *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/852/mode/2up 853-858] * Bruno Pottier, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/mefr_0223-5102_2005_num_117_1_10947 Un pamphlet contre Stilichon dans l’Histoire Auguste : la vie de Maximin Le Thrace]", ''Mélanges de l'école française de Rome'', 2005 (117-1): 223-267 * Santo Mazzarino, ''Stilicone'' ([[1942]]) (Rizzoli ISBN 978-88-17-33616-1) *Michaël Vannesse, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/rbph_0035-0818_2010_num_88_1_7794 L’armée romaine en Occident sous Stilichon (395-408 ap. J.-C.) : le témoignage des décrets impériaux]", ''Revue belge de Philologie et d'Histoire'', 2010: 99-112 {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropius]] et [[Flavius Mallius Theodorus]]| annus= 400<br />cum<br />[[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]]| successores=[[Flavius Fravitta]] et [[Flavius Vincentius]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Honorius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Honorius Augustus]] VI et [[Aristaenetus]]| annus= 405<br />cum<br />[[Flavius Anthemius|Flavio Anthemio]]| successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] VI et [[Anicius Flavius Petronius Probus]]}} {{Lifetime|saeculo 4|408|Stilicho, Flavius}} [[Categoria:Ductores exercitus]] [[Categoria:Milites Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Morte damnati]] eu03lmvrwenbqd4399wtsdcjgyb908e 3971850 3971849 2026-07-13T16:14:38Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Plura legere si cupis */ 3971850 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Imago:Stilico diptych.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Diptychon consulare]] Stilichonis anni circiter [[400]], [[Modicia]]e in thesauro ecclesiae cathedralis conservatum. Monstrat autem Stilichonem cum uxore [[Serena]] et filio [[Eucherius (filius Stilichonis)|Eucherio]]. Puerorum in clipeo Stilichonis sculptorum sunt qui [[Arcadius|Arcadii]] [[Honorius|Honoriique]] fratrum Augustorum imagines esse doceant, ut quorum pro tutela atque patrono Stilicho se gesserit.]] '''Flavius Stilicho''' (qui anno [[359]] circiter natus anno [[408]] die [[22 Augusti|22 mensis Augusti]] [[Ravenna]]e iussu [[Heraclianus|Heracliani]] ducis exercitus [[imperator]]is [[Flavius Augustus Honorius|Honorii]] supplicio adfectus est) erat [[magister militum]] originis [[barbari]]cae<ref>''semi barbarus; [[Vandali|vandalus]]</ref> et [[Comes|comes stabuli]] et [[consul]] anni [[400]] et [[405]]. Testis atque interpres rerum a Stilichone gestarum maximus [[Claudianus]] poeta extat in carminibus 2–28 et nonnullis carminibus minoribus. Contra ab [[Orosius|Orosio]] Stilichonis facta depinguntur ut vituperanda. Quod Vandalus erat, etiam [[Arianismus|Arrianus]]. ==De vita== Stilicho in hodierna [[Germania]] natus est a patre [[Vandali|Vandalo]], auxiliario in exercitu Romano, et matre quae civis [[Roma|Romana]] erat. Tamen semper se Romanum putavit etiamsi erat, sicut plurimi Germani, Arrianus, ergo putatus haereticus. Correcte tres linguas principales illius temporis loquebatur: [[Lingua Germanica|Germanicam]] communem, [[Lingua Latina|Latinam]] [[Lingua Graeca|Graecamque]]. Historiographiae vir videtur multum ambiguus: putatus dux fidelis causae Imperii Romani, egit negative{{dubsig}} pro se. Nam [[Alaricus|Alaricum]] non pepulit neque limitem ad flumen [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] servavit. [[Theodosius I|Theodosio I]] regnante, qui ultimus utriusque partis Imperi imperator fuit, miles Romanus fuit. Anno [[384]] eum ad regem Persam [[Sapor III|Saporem III]] misit, ut de pace et partitione [[Armenia|Armeniae]] ageret. Missio felix fuit et Stilicho, cum Theodosium [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopoli]] adisset, generalis factus est, ut limites a [[Visigothi|Visigothibus]] defenderet: ille hoc negotium per circa viginta annos habuit. Theodosius quia virtutem eius videbat, ei Serenam suam nepotem uxorem dedit, quae postea filia adoptiva fuit. Eo coniugio nati sunt filius [[Eucherius]] et duae filiae, Maria et Termantia, quae uxores imperatoris [[Honorius|Honorii]] fuerunt . Imperatore [[Valentinianus II|Valentiniano II]] anno [[392]] interfecto, Stilicho exercitum paravit quod, Theodosio duce, [[Flavius Eugenius|Flavium Eugenium]] proelio ad flumen Frigidum vicit. In hac quoque pugna Stilicho imperavit, cum haberet subordinatum Alaricum Visigothum (deinde suum inimicum), qui magnam auxiliariorum [[Gothi|Gothorum]] copiam ducebat. Anno [[400]] una cum [[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]] consulatum gessit. [[Monumentum]] [[marmor]]eum annis circa 400 factum et dictum sepulcrum Stilichonis in [[basilica]] sancti [[Ambrosius|Ambrosii]] [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] exstat, sed Stilicho hac in urbe sepultus esse vix veri simile videtur. Nam primo testimonia desunt, deinde omnino corpus illis temporibus inquietissimis ac bellicosis a loco supplicii Mediolanum tralatum esse a multis viris doctis denegatur. ==Nota== <div class="references-small"><references/></div> == Fontes == * [[Claudius Claudianus|Claudianus]], ''De consulatu Stilichonis'' * ''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]] ''[[Historia nova]]'' * [[Orosius|Paulus Orosius]], ''[[Historiae adversus paganos]]'' * [[Claudius Rutilius Namatianus]], ''De reditu suo'' * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Epistulae'' IV.1-14 == Nexus externi == {{communia|Stilicho|Flavium Stilichonem}} * Guillaume Vincent, ''Stilicon, architecte de la victoire: un examen du rôle stratégique du général lors de la bataille de la rivière Frigidus'' [https://mastersfdl.hypotheses.org/6020 Investigatio] == Plura legere si cupis == *Emilienne Demougeot, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44168669 Note sur la politique orientale de Stilichon de 405 à 407]", ''Byzantion'', 1950(II): 27-37 ) * [[Eduardus Gibbon]], ''The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'' *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/852/mode/2up 853-858] * Bruno Pottier, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/mefr_0223-5102_2005_num_117_1_10947 Un pamphlet contre Stilichon dans l’Histoire Auguste : la vie de Maximin Le Thrace]", ''Mélanges de l'école française de Rome'', 2005 (117-1): 223-267 * Santo Mazzarino, ''Stilicone'' ([[1942]]) (Rizzoli ISBN 978-88-17-33616-1) *Michaël Vannesse, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/rbph_0035-0818_2010_num_88_1_7794 L’armée romaine en Occident sous Stilichon (395-408 ap. J.-C.) : le témoignage des décrets impériaux]", ''Revue belge de Philologie et d'Histoire'', 2010: 99-112 {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropius]] et [[Flavius Mallius Theodorus]]| annus= 400<br />cum<br />[[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]]| successores=[[Flavius Fravitta]] et [[Flavius Vincentius]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Honorius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Honorius Augustus]] VI et [[Aristaenetus]]| annus= 405<br />cum<br />[[Flavius Anthemius|Flavio Anthemio]]| successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] VI et [[Anicius Flavius Petronius Probus]]}} {{Lifetime|saeculo 4|408|Stilicho, Flavius}} [[Categoria:Ductores exercitus]] [[Categoria:Milites Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Morte damnati]] 10rpjuk22qplt7v5qgsnf14wij5d2jn 3971851 3971850 2026-07-13T16:16:26Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De vita */ 3971851 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Imago:Stilico diptych.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Diptychon consulare]] Stilichonis anni circiter [[400]], [[Modicia]]e in thesauro ecclesiae cathedralis conservatum. Monstrat autem Stilichonem cum uxore [[Serena]] et filio [[Eucherius (filius Stilichonis)|Eucherio]]. Puerorum in clipeo Stilichonis sculptorum sunt qui [[Arcadius|Arcadii]] [[Honorius|Honoriique]] fratrum Augustorum imagines esse doceant, ut quorum pro tutela atque patrono Stilicho se gesserit.]] '''Flavius Stilicho''' (qui anno [[359]] circiter natus anno [[408]] die [[22 Augusti|22 mensis Augusti]] [[Ravenna]]e iussu [[Heraclianus|Heracliani]] ducis exercitus [[imperator]]is [[Flavius Augustus Honorius|Honorii]] supplicio adfectus est) erat [[magister militum]] originis [[barbari]]cae<ref>''semi barbarus; [[Vandali|vandalus]]</ref> et [[Comes|comes stabuli]] et [[consul]] anni [[400]] et [[405]]. Testis atque interpres rerum a Stilichone gestarum maximus [[Claudianus]] poeta extat in carminibus 2–28 et nonnullis carminibus minoribus. Contra ab [[Orosius|Orosio]] Stilichonis facta depinguntur ut vituperanda. Quod Vandalus erat, etiam [[Arianismus|Arrianus]]. ==De vita== Stilicho in hodierna [[Germania]] natus est a patre [[Vandali|Vandalo]], auxiliario in exercitu Romano, et matre quae civis [[Roma|Romana]] erat. Tamen semper se Romanum putavit etiamsi erat, sicut plurimi Germani, [[Arianismus|Arianus]], ergo putatus [[Haeresis|haereticus]]. Correcte tres linguas principales illius temporis loquebatur: [[Lingua Germanica|Germanicam]] communem, [[Lingua Latina|Latinam]] [[Lingua Graeca|Graecamque]]. Historiographiae vir videtur multum ambiguus: putatus dux fidelis causae Imperii Romani, egit negative{{dubsig}} pro se. Nam [[Alaricus|Alaricum]] non pepulit neque limitem ad flumen [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] servavit. [[Theodosius I|Theodosio I]] regnante, qui ultimus utriusque partis Imperi imperator fuit, miles Romanus fuit. Anno [[384]] eum ad regem Persam [[Sapor III|Saporem III]] misit, ut de pace et partitione [[Armenia|Armeniae]] ageret. Missio felix fuit et Stilicho, cum Theodosium [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopoli]] adisset, generalis factus est, ut limites a [[Visigothi|Visigothibus]] defenderet: ille hoc negotium per circa viginta annos habuit. Theodosius quia virtutem eius videbat, ei Serenam suam nepotem uxorem dedit, quae postea filia adoptiva fuit. Eo coniugio nati sunt filius [[Eucherius]] et duae filiae, Maria et Termantia, quae uxores imperatoris [[Honorius|Honorii]] fuerunt . Imperatore [[Valentinianus II|Valentiniano II]] anno [[392]] interfecto, Stilicho exercitum paravit quod, Theodosio duce, [[Flavius Eugenius|Flavium Eugenium]] proelio ad flumen Frigidum vicit. In hac quoque pugna Stilicho imperavit, cum haberet subordinatum Alaricum Visigothum (deinde suum inimicum), qui magnam auxiliariorum [[Gothi|Gothorum]] copiam ducebat. Anno [[400]] una cum [[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]] consulatum gessit. [[Monumentum]] [[marmor]]eum annis circa 400 factum et dictum sepulcrum Stilichonis in [[basilica]] sancti [[Ambrosius|Ambrosii]] [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] exstat, sed Stilicho hac in urbe sepultus esse vix veri simile videtur. Nam primo testimonia desunt, deinde omnino corpus illis temporibus inquietissimis ac bellicosis a loco supplicii Mediolanum tralatum esse a multis viris doctis denegatur. ==Nota== <div class="references-small"><references/></div> == Fontes == * [[Claudius Claudianus|Claudianus]], ''De consulatu Stilichonis'' * ''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]] ''[[Historia nova]]'' * [[Orosius|Paulus Orosius]], ''[[Historiae adversus paganos]]'' * [[Claudius Rutilius Namatianus]], ''De reditu suo'' * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Epistulae'' IV.1-14 == Nexus externi == {{communia|Stilicho|Flavium Stilichonem}} * Guillaume Vincent, ''Stilicon, architecte de la victoire: un examen du rôle stratégique du général lors de la bataille de la rivière Frigidus'' [https://mastersfdl.hypotheses.org/6020 Investigatio] == Plura legere si cupis == *Emilienne Demougeot, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44168669 Note sur la politique orientale de Stilichon de 405 à 407]", ''Byzantion'', 1950(II): 27-37 ) * [[Eduardus Gibbon]], ''The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'' *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/852/mode/2up 853-858] * Bruno Pottier, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/mefr_0223-5102_2005_num_117_1_10947 Un pamphlet contre Stilichon dans l’Histoire Auguste : la vie de Maximin Le Thrace]", ''Mélanges de l'école française de Rome'', 2005 (117-1): 223-267 * Santo Mazzarino, ''Stilicone'' ([[1942]]) (Rizzoli ISBN 978-88-17-33616-1) *Michaël Vannesse, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/rbph_0035-0818_2010_num_88_1_7794 L’armée romaine en Occident sous Stilichon (395-408 ap. J.-C.) : le témoignage des décrets impériaux]", ''Revue belge de Philologie et d'Histoire'', 2010: 99-112 {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropius]] et [[Flavius Mallius Theodorus]]| annus= 400<br />cum<br />[[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]]| successores=[[Flavius Fravitta]] et [[Flavius Vincentius]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Honorius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Honorius Augustus]] VI et [[Aristaenetus]]| annus= 405<br />cum<br />[[Flavius Anthemius|Flavio Anthemio]]| successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] VI et [[Anicius Flavius Petronius Probus]]}} {{Lifetime|saeculo 4|408|Stilicho, Flavius}} [[Categoria:Ductores exercitus]] [[Categoria:Milites Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Morte damnati]] t3af6gq86m7hb7mehu5515zypmxgksb 3971852 3971851 2026-07-13T16:17:10Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Fontes */ 3971852 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Imago:Stilico diptych.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Diptychon consulare]] Stilichonis anni circiter [[400]], [[Modicia]]e in thesauro ecclesiae cathedralis conservatum. Monstrat autem Stilichonem cum uxore [[Serena]] et filio [[Eucherius (filius Stilichonis)|Eucherio]]. Puerorum in clipeo Stilichonis sculptorum sunt qui [[Arcadius|Arcadii]] [[Honorius|Honoriique]] fratrum Augustorum imagines esse doceant, ut quorum pro tutela atque patrono Stilicho se gesserit.]] '''Flavius Stilicho''' (qui anno [[359]] circiter natus anno [[408]] die [[22 Augusti|22 mensis Augusti]] [[Ravenna]]e iussu [[Heraclianus|Heracliani]] ducis exercitus [[imperator]]is [[Flavius Augustus Honorius|Honorii]] supplicio adfectus est) erat [[magister militum]] originis [[barbari]]cae<ref>''semi barbarus; [[Vandali|vandalus]]</ref> et [[Comes|comes stabuli]] et [[consul]] anni [[400]] et [[405]]. Testis atque interpres rerum a Stilichone gestarum maximus [[Claudianus]] poeta extat in carminibus 2–28 et nonnullis carminibus minoribus. Contra ab [[Orosius|Orosio]] Stilichonis facta depinguntur ut vituperanda. Quod Vandalus erat, etiam [[Arianismus|Arrianus]]. ==De vita== Stilicho in hodierna [[Germania]] natus est a patre [[Vandali|Vandalo]], auxiliario in exercitu Romano, et matre quae civis [[Roma|Romana]] erat. Tamen semper se Romanum putavit etiamsi erat, sicut plurimi Germani, [[Arianismus|Arianus]], ergo putatus [[Haeresis|haereticus]]. Correcte tres linguas principales illius temporis loquebatur: [[Lingua Germanica|Germanicam]] communem, [[Lingua Latina|Latinam]] [[Lingua Graeca|Graecamque]]. Historiographiae vir videtur multum ambiguus: putatus dux fidelis causae Imperii Romani, egit negative{{dubsig}} pro se. Nam [[Alaricus|Alaricum]] non pepulit neque limitem ad flumen [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] servavit. [[Theodosius I|Theodosio I]] regnante, qui ultimus utriusque partis Imperi imperator fuit, miles Romanus fuit. Anno [[384]] eum ad regem Persam [[Sapor III|Saporem III]] misit, ut de pace et partitione [[Armenia|Armeniae]] ageret. Missio felix fuit et Stilicho, cum Theodosium [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopoli]] adisset, generalis factus est, ut limites a [[Visigothi|Visigothibus]] defenderet: ille hoc negotium per circa viginta annos habuit. Theodosius quia virtutem eius videbat, ei Serenam suam nepotem uxorem dedit, quae postea filia adoptiva fuit. Eo coniugio nati sunt filius [[Eucherius]] et duae filiae, Maria et Termantia, quae uxores imperatoris [[Honorius|Honorii]] fuerunt . Imperatore [[Valentinianus II|Valentiniano II]] anno [[392]] interfecto, Stilicho exercitum paravit quod, Theodosio duce, [[Flavius Eugenius|Flavium Eugenium]] proelio ad flumen Frigidum vicit. In hac quoque pugna Stilicho imperavit, cum haberet subordinatum Alaricum Visigothum (deinde suum inimicum), qui magnam auxiliariorum [[Gothi|Gothorum]] copiam ducebat. Anno [[400]] una cum [[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]] consulatum gessit. [[Monumentum]] [[marmor]]eum annis circa 400 factum et dictum sepulcrum Stilichonis in [[basilica]] sancti [[Ambrosius|Ambrosii]] [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] exstat, sed Stilicho hac in urbe sepultus esse vix veri simile videtur. Nam primo testimonia desunt, deinde omnino corpus illis temporibus inquietissimis ac bellicosis a loco supplicii Mediolanum tralatum esse a multis viris doctis denegatur. ==Nota== <div class="references-small"><references/></div> == Fontes == * [[Claudius Claudianus|Claudianus]], ''De consulatu Stilichonis'' * ''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]] ''[[Historia nova]]'' * [[Orosius|Paulus Orosius]], ''[[Historiae adversum paganos]]'' * [[Claudius Rutilius Namatianus]], ''De reditu suo'' * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Epistulae'' IV.1-14 == Nexus externi == {{communia|Stilicho|Flavium Stilichonem}} * Guillaume Vincent, ''Stilicon, architecte de la victoire: un examen du rôle stratégique du général lors de la bataille de la rivière Frigidus'' [https://mastersfdl.hypotheses.org/6020 Investigatio] == Plura legere si cupis == *Emilienne Demougeot, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44168669 Note sur la politique orientale de Stilichon de 405 à 407]", ''Byzantion'', 1950(II): 27-37 ) * [[Eduardus Gibbon]], ''The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'' *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/852/mode/2up 853-858] * Bruno Pottier, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/mefr_0223-5102_2005_num_117_1_10947 Un pamphlet contre Stilichon dans l’Histoire Auguste : la vie de Maximin Le Thrace]", ''Mélanges de l'école française de Rome'', 2005 (117-1): 223-267 * Santo Mazzarino, ''Stilicone'' ([[1942]]) (Rizzoli ISBN 978-88-17-33616-1) *Michaël Vannesse, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/rbph_0035-0818_2010_num_88_1_7794 L’armée romaine en Occident sous Stilichon (395-408 ap. J.-C.) : le témoignage des décrets impériaux]", ''Revue belge de Philologie et d'Histoire'', 2010: 99-112 {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropius]] et [[Flavius Mallius Theodorus]]| annus= 400<br />cum<br />[[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]]| successores=[[Flavius Fravitta]] et [[Flavius Vincentius]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Honorius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Honorius Augustus]] VI et [[Aristaenetus]]| annus= 405<br />cum<br />[[Flavius Anthemius|Flavio Anthemio]]| successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] VI et [[Anicius Flavius Petronius Probus]]}} {{Lifetime|saeculo 4|408|Stilicho, Flavius}} [[Categoria:Ductores exercitus]] [[Categoria:Milites Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Morte damnati]] atw7q8jokh2gnmunaz04zdajjkgmg3j 3971853 3971852 2026-07-13T16:22:33Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Plura legere si cupis */ 3971853 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Imago:Stilico diptych.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Diptychon consulare]] Stilichonis anni circiter [[400]], [[Modicia]]e in thesauro ecclesiae cathedralis conservatum. Monstrat autem Stilichonem cum uxore [[Serena]] et filio [[Eucherius (filius Stilichonis)|Eucherio]]. Puerorum in clipeo Stilichonis sculptorum sunt qui [[Arcadius|Arcadii]] [[Honorius|Honoriique]] fratrum Augustorum imagines esse doceant, ut quorum pro tutela atque patrono Stilicho se gesserit.]] '''Flavius Stilicho''' (qui anno [[359]] circiter natus anno [[408]] die [[22 Augusti|22 mensis Augusti]] [[Ravenna]]e iussu [[Heraclianus|Heracliani]] ducis exercitus [[imperator]]is [[Flavius Augustus Honorius|Honorii]] supplicio adfectus est) erat [[magister militum]] originis [[barbari]]cae<ref>''semi barbarus; [[Vandali|vandalus]]</ref> et [[Comes|comes stabuli]] et [[consul]] anni [[400]] et [[405]]. Testis atque interpres rerum a Stilichone gestarum maximus [[Claudianus]] poeta extat in carminibus 2–28 et nonnullis carminibus minoribus. Contra ab [[Orosius|Orosio]] Stilichonis facta depinguntur ut vituperanda. Quod Vandalus erat, etiam [[Arianismus|Arrianus]]. ==De vita== Stilicho in hodierna [[Germania]] natus est a patre [[Vandali|Vandalo]], auxiliario in exercitu Romano, et matre quae civis [[Roma|Romana]] erat. Tamen semper se Romanum putavit etiamsi erat, sicut plurimi Germani, [[Arianismus|Arianus]], ergo putatus [[Haeresis|haereticus]]. Correcte tres linguas principales illius temporis loquebatur: [[Lingua Germanica|Germanicam]] communem, [[Lingua Latina|Latinam]] [[Lingua Graeca|Graecamque]]. Historiographiae vir videtur multum ambiguus: putatus dux fidelis causae Imperii Romani, egit negative{{dubsig}} pro se. Nam [[Alaricus|Alaricum]] non pepulit neque limitem ad flumen [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] servavit. [[Theodosius I|Theodosio I]] regnante, qui ultimus utriusque partis Imperi imperator fuit, miles Romanus fuit. Anno [[384]] eum ad regem Persam [[Sapor III|Saporem III]] misit, ut de pace et partitione [[Armenia|Armeniae]] ageret. Missio felix fuit et Stilicho, cum Theodosium [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopoli]] adisset, generalis factus est, ut limites a [[Visigothi|Visigothibus]] defenderet: ille hoc negotium per circa viginta annos habuit. Theodosius quia virtutem eius videbat, ei Serenam suam nepotem uxorem dedit, quae postea filia adoptiva fuit. Eo coniugio nati sunt filius [[Eucherius]] et duae filiae, Maria et Termantia, quae uxores imperatoris [[Honorius|Honorii]] fuerunt . Imperatore [[Valentinianus II|Valentiniano II]] anno [[392]] interfecto, Stilicho exercitum paravit quod, Theodosio duce, [[Flavius Eugenius|Flavium Eugenium]] proelio ad flumen Frigidum vicit. In hac quoque pugna Stilicho imperavit, cum haberet subordinatum Alaricum Visigothum (deinde suum inimicum), qui magnam auxiliariorum [[Gothi|Gothorum]] copiam ducebat. Anno [[400]] una cum [[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]] consulatum gessit. [[Monumentum]] [[marmor]]eum annis circa 400 factum et dictum sepulcrum Stilichonis in [[basilica]] sancti [[Ambrosius|Ambrosii]] [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] exstat, sed Stilicho hac in urbe sepultus esse vix veri simile videtur. Nam primo testimonia desunt, deinde omnino corpus illis temporibus inquietissimis ac bellicosis a loco supplicii Mediolanum tralatum esse a multis viris doctis denegatur. ==Nota== <div class="references-small"><references/></div> == Fontes == * [[Claudius Claudianus|Claudianus]], ''De consulatu Stilichonis'' * ''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]] ''[[Historia nova]]'' * [[Orosius|Paulus Orosius]], ''[[Historiae adversum paganos]]'' * [[Claudius Rutilius Namatianus]], ''De reditu suo'' * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Epistulae'' IV.1-14 == Nexus externi == {{communia|Stilicho|Flavium Stilichonem}} * Guillaume Vincent, ''Stilicon, architecte de la victoire: un examen du rôle stratégique du général lors de la bataille de la rivière Frigidus'' [https://mastersfdl.hypotheses.org/6020 Investigatio] == Plura legere si cupis == *Emilienne Demougeot, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44168669 Note sur la politique orientale de Stilichon de 405 à 407]", ''Byzantion'', 1950(II): 27-37 ) * [[Eduardus Gibbon]], ''The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'' *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/852/mode/2up 853-858] * Bruno Pottier, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/mefr_0223-5102_2005_num_117_1_10947 Un pamphlet contre Stilichon dans l’Histoire Auguste : la vie de Maximin Le Thrace]", ''Mélanges de l'école française de Rome'', 2005 (117-1): 223-267 * Santo Mazzarino, ''Stilicone'' ([[1942]]) (Rizzoli ISBN 978-88-17-33616-1) *Lucien Sigayret, "[https://books.openedition.org/pupvd/29079 Les deux voyages de Stilichon]" in ''Bouleversants voyages'', Presses universitaires de Perpignan, 2000: 85-100 *Michaël Vannesse, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/rbph_0035-0818_2010_num_88_1_7794 L’armée romaine en Occident sous Stilichon (395-408 ap. J.-C.) : le témoignage des décrets impériaux]", ''Revue belge de Philologie et d'Histoire'', 2010: 99-112 {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropius]] et [[Flavius Mallius Theodorus]]| annus= 400<br />cum<br />[[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]]| successores=[[Flavius Fravitta]] et [[Flavius Vincentius]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Honorius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Honorius Augustus]] VI et [[Aristaenetus]]| annus= 405<br />cum<br />[[Flavius Anthemius|Flavio Anthemio]]| successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] VI et [[Anicius Flavius Petronius Probus]]}} {{Lifetime|saeculo 4|408|Stilicho, Flavius}} [[Categoria:Ductores exercitus]] [[Categoria:Milites Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Morte damnati]] p0vrb1d9blu0msz0ycetepvk2sn8u5v 3971897 3971853 2026-07-13T22:43:14Z Grufo 64423 +{{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}}; minora 3971897 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Imago:Stilico diptych.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Diptychon consulare]] Stilichonis anni circiter [[400]], [[Modicia]]e in thesauro ecclesiae cathedralis conservatum. Monstrat autem Stilichonem cum uxore [[Serena]] et filio [[Eucherius (filius Stilichonis)|Eucherio]]. Puerorum in clipeo Stilichonis sculptorum sunt qui [[Arcadius|Arcadii]] [[Honorius|Honoriique]] fratrum Augustorum imagines esse doceant, ut quorum pro tutela atque patrono Stilicho se gesserit.]] {{res|Flavius Stilicho}} (anno [[359]] circiter natus anno [[408]] die [[22 Augusti|22 mensis Augusti]] [[Ravenna]]e iussu [[Heraclianus|Heracliani]] ducis exercitus [[imperator]]is [[Flavius Augustus Honorius|Honorii]] supplicio adfectus) fuit [[magister militum]] originis [[barbari]]cae<ref>''semi barbarus; [[Vandali|vandalus]]</ref> et [[Comes|comes stabuli]] et [[consul]] annorum [[400]] et [[405]]. Testis atque interpres rerum a Stilichone gestarum maximus [[Claudianus]] poeta extat in carminibus 2–28 et nonnullis carminibus minoribus. Contra ab [[Orosius|Orosio]] Stilichonis facta depinguntur ut vituperanda. Quod Vandalus erat, etiam [[Arianismus|Arrianus]]. ==De vita== Stilicho in hodierna [[Germania]] a patre [[Vandali|Vandalo]] natus est, auxiliario in exercitu Romano, et matre quae civis [[Roma|Romana]] erat. Tamen semper se Romanum putavit etiamsi erat, sicut plurimi Germani, [[Arianismus|Arianus]], ergo putatus [[Haeresis|haereticus]]. Correcte tres linguas principales illius temporis loquebatur: [[Lingua Germanica|Germanicam]] communem, [[Lingua Latina|Latinam]] [[Lingua Graeca|Graecamque]]. Historiographiae vir videtur multum ambiguus: putatus dux fidelis causae Imperii Romani, egit negative{{dubsig}} pro se. Nam [[Alaricus|Alaricum]] non pepulit neque limitem ad flumen [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] servavit. [[Theodosius I|Theodosio I]] regnante, qui ultimus utriusque partis Imperi imperator fuit, miles Romanus fuit. Anno [[384]] eum ad regem Persam {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Sapor III|Saporem III|en|qid=Q310267}} misit, ut de pace et partitione [[Armenia|Armeniae]] ageret. Missio felix fuit et Stilicho, cum Theodosium [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopoli]] adisset, generalis factus est, ut limites a [[Visigothi|Visigothibus]] defenderet: ille hoc negotium per circa viginta annos habuit. Theodosius quia virtutem eius videbat, ei Serenam suam nepotem uxorem dedit, quae postea filia adoptiva fuit. Eo coniugio nati sunt filius [[Eucherius]] et duae filiae, Maria et Termantia, quae uxores imperatoris [[Honorius|Honorii]] fuerunt . Imperatore [[Valentinianus II|Valentiniano II]] anno [[392]] interfecto, Stilicho exercitum paravit quod, Theodosio duce, [[Eugenius (imperator)|Flavium Eugenium]] proelio ad flumen Frigidum vicit. In hac quoque pugna Stilicho imperavit, cum haberet subordinatum Alaricum Visigothum (deinde suum inimicum), qui magnam auxiliariorum [[Gothi|Gothorum]] copiam ducebat. Anno [[400]] una cum [[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]] consulatum gessit. [[Monumentum]] [[marmor]]eum annis circa 400 factum et dictum sepulcrum Stilichonis in [[basilica]] sancti [[Ambrosius|Ambrosii]] [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] exstat, sed Stilicho hac in urbe sepultus esse vix veri simile videtur. Nam primo testimonia desunt, deinde omnino corpus illis temporibus inquietissimis ac bellicosis a loco supplicii Mediolanum tralatum esse a multis viris doctis denegatur. ==Nota== <div class="references-small"><references/></div> == Fontes == * [[Claudius Claudianus|Claudianus]], ''De consulatu Stilichonis'' * ''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]] ''[[Historia nova]]'' * [[Orosius|Paulus Orosius]], ''[[Historiae adversum paganos]]'' * [[Claudius Rutilius Namatianus]], ''De reditu suo'' * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Epistulae'' IV.1-14 == Nexus externi == {{communia|Stilicho|Flavium Stilichonem}} * Guillaume Vincent, ''Stilicon, architecte de la victoire: un examen du rôle stratégique du général lors de la bataille de la rivière Frigidus'' [https://mastersfdl.hypotheses.org/6020 Investigatio] == Plura legere si cupis == *Emilienne Demougeot, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44168669 Note sur la politique orientale de Stilichon de 405 à 407]", ''Byzantion'', 1950(II): 27-37 ) * [[Eduardus Gibbon]], ''The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'' *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/852/mode/2up 853-858] * Bruno Pottier, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/mefr_0223-5102_2005_num_117_1_10947 Un pamphlet contre Stilichon dans l’Histoire Auguste : la vie de Maximin Le Thrace]", ''Mélanges de l'école française de Rome'', 2005 (117-1): 223-267 * Santo Mazzarino, ''Stilicone'' ([[1942]]) (Rizzoli ISBN 978-88-17-33616-1) *Lucien Sigayret, "[https://books.openedition.org/pupvd/29079 Les deux voyages de Stilichon]" in ''Bouleversants voyages'', Presses universitaires de Perpignan, 2000: 85-100 *Michaël Vannesse, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/rbph_0035-0818_2010_num_88_1_7794 L’armée romaine en Occident sous Stilichon (395-408 ap. J.-C.) : le témoignage des décrets impériaux]", ''Revue belge de Philologie et d'Histoire'', 2010: 99-112 {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropius]] et [[Flavius Mallius Theodorus]]| annus= 400<br />cum<br />[[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]]| successores=[[Flavius Fravitta]] et [[Flavius Vincentius]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Honorius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Honorius Augustus]] VI et [[Aristaenetus]]| annus= 405<br />cum<br />[[Flavius Anthemius|Flavio Anthemio]]| successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] VI et [[Anicius Flavius Petronius Probus]]}} {{Lifetime|saeculo 4|408|Stilicho, Flavius}} [[Categoria:Ductores exercitus]] [[Categoria:Milites Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Morte damnati]] dsbn3x30pu8fy72cd1oee6jsq4okakm 3971949 3971897 2026-07-14T11:04:03Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Plura legere si cupis */ 3971949 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Imago:Stilico diptych.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Diptychon consulare]] Stilichonis anni circiter [[400]], [[Modicia]]e in thesauro ecclesiae cathedralis conservatum. Monstrat autem Stilichonem cum uxore [[Serena]] et filio [[Eucherius (filius Stilichonis)|Eucherio]]. Puerorum in clipeo Stilichonis sculptorum sunt qui [[Arcadius|Arcadii]] [[Honorius|Honoriique]] fratrum Augustorum imagines esse doceant, ut quorum pro tutela atque patrono Stilicho se gesserit.]] {{res|Flavius Stilicho}} (anno [[359]] circiter natus anno [[408]] die [[22 Augusti|22 mensis Augusti]] [[Ravenna]]e iussu [[Heraclianus|Heracliani]] ducis exercitus [[imperator]]is [[Flavius Augustus Honorius|Honorii]] supplicio adfectus) fuit [[magister militum]] originis [[barbari]]cae<ref>''semi barbarus; [[Vandali|vandalus]]</ref> et [[Comes|comes stabuli]] et [[consul]] annorum [[400]] et [[405]]. Testis atque interpres rerum a Stilichone gestarum maximus [[Claudianus]] poeta extat in carminibus 2–28 et nonnullis carminibus minoribus. Contra ab [[Orosius|Orosio]] Stilichonis facta depinguntur ut vituperanda. Quod Vandalus erat, etiam [[Arianismus|Arrianus]]. ==De vita== Stilicho in hodierna [[Germania]] a patre [[Vandali|Vandalo]] natus est, auxiliario in exercitu Romano, et matre quae civis [[Roma|Romana]] erat. Tamen semper se Romanum putavit etiamsi erat, sicut plurimi Germani, [[Arianismus|Arianus]], ergo putatus [[Haeresis|haereticus]]. Correcte tres linguas principales illius temporis loquebatur: [[Lingua Germanica|Germanicam]] communem, [[Lingua Latina|Latinam]] [[Lingua Graeca|Graecamque]]. Historiographiae vir videtur multum ambiguus: putatus dux fidelis causae Imperii Romani, egit negative{{dubsig}} pro se. Nam [[Alaricus|Alaricum]] non pepulit neque limitem ad flumen [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] servavit. [[Theodosius I|Theodosio I]] regnante, qui ultimus utriusque partis Imperi imperator fuit, miles Romanus fuit. Anno [[384]] eum ad regem Persam {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Sapor III|Saporem III|en|qid=Q310267}} misit, ut de pace et partitione [[Armenia|Armeniae]] ageret. Missio felix fuit et Stilicho, cum Theodosium [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopoli]] adisset, generalis factus est, ut limites a [[Visigothi|Visigothibus]] defenderet: ille hoc negotium per circa viginta annos habuit. Theodosius quia virtutem eius videbat, ei Serenam suam nepotem uxorem dedit, quae postea filia adoptiva fuit. Eo coniugio nati sunt filius [[Eucherius]] et duae filiae, Maria et Termantia, quae uxores imperatoris [[Honorius|Honorii]] fuerunt . Imperatore [[Valentinianus II|Valentiniano II]] anno [[392]] interfecto, Stilicho exercitum paravit quod, Theodosio duce, [[Eugenius (imperator)|Flavium Eugenium]] proelio ad flumen Frigidum vicit. In hac quoque pugna Stilicho imperavit, cum haberet subordinatum Alaricum Visigothum (deinde suum inimicum), qui magnam auxiliariorum [[Gothi|Gothorum]] copiam ducebat. Anno [[400]] una cum [[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]] consulatum gessit. [[Monumentum]] [[marmor]]eum annis circa 400 factum et dictum sepulcrum Stilichonis in [[basilica]] sancti [[Ambrosius|Ambrosii]] [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] exstat, sed Stilicho hac in urbe sepultus esse vix veri simile videtur. Nam primo testimonia desunt, deinde omnino corpus illis temporibus inquietissimis ac bellicosis a loco supplicii Mediolanum tralatum esse a multis viris doctis denegatur. ==Nota== <div class="references-small"><references/></div> == Fontes == * [[Claudius Claudianus|Claudianus]], ''De consulatu Stilichonis'' * ''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]] ''[[Historia nova]]'' * [[Orosius|Paulus Orosius]], ''[[Historiae adversum paganos]]'' * [[Claudius Rutilius Namatianus]], ''De reditu suo'' * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Epistulae'' IV.1-14 == Nexus externi == {{communia|Stilicho|Flavium Stilichonem}} * Guillaume Vincent, ''Stilicon, architecte de la victoire: un examen du rôle stratégique du général lors de la bataille de la rivière Frigidus'' [https://mastersfdl.hypotheses.org/6020 Investigatio] == Plura legere si cupis == *Emilienne Demougeot, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44168669 Note sur la politique orientale de Stilichon de 405 à 407]", ''Byzantion'', 1950(II): 27-37 ) * [[Eduardus Gibbon]], ''The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'' *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/852/mode/2up 853-858] * Bruno Pottier, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/mefr_0223-5102_2005_num_117_1_10947 Un pamphlet contre Stilichon dans l’Histoire Auguste : la vie de Maximin Le Thrace]", ''Mélanges de l'école française de Rome'', 2005 (117-1): 223-267 * Santo Mazzarino, ''Stilicone. La Crisi Imperiale dopo Teodosio.'' ([[1942]]) (Rizzoli ISBN 978-88-17-33616-1) [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1942_num_11_2_2700_t1_0335_0000_2 Recensio critica] *Lucien Sigayret, "[https://books.openedition.org/pupvd/29079 Les deux voyages de Stilichon]" in ''Bouleversants voyages'', Presses universitaires de Perpignan, 2000: 85-100 *Michaël Vannesse, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/rbph_0035-0818_2010_num_88_1_7794 L’armée romaine en Occident sous Stilichon (395-408 ap. J.-C.) : le témoignage des décrets impériaux]", ''Revue belge de Philologie et d'Histoire'', 2010: 99-112 {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropius]] et [[Flavius Mallius Theodorus]]| annus= 400<br />cum<br />[[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]]| successores=[[Flavius Fravitta]] et [[Flavius Vincentius]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Honorius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Honorius Augustus]] VI et [[Aristaenetus]]| annus= 405<br />cum<br />[[Flavius Anthemius|Flavio Anthemio]]| successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] VI et [[Anicius Flavius Petronius Probus]]}} {{Lifetime|saeculo 4|408|Stilicho, Flavius}} [[Categoria:Ductores exercitus]] [[Categoria:Milites Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Morte damnati]] 8flkv6q3f7rysl53l8z1q5v63lhbbdl 3971950 3971949 2026-07-14T11:05:05Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3971950 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Imago:Stilico diptych.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Diptychon consulare]] Stilichonis anni circiter [[400]], [[Modicia]]e in thesauro ecclesiae cathedralis conservatum. Monstrat autem Stilichonem cum uxore [[Serena]] et filio [[Eucherius (filius Stilichonis)|Eucherio]]. Puerorum in clipeo Stilichonis sculptorum sunt qui [[Arcadius|Arcadii]] [[Honorius|Honoriique]] fratrum Augustorum imagines esse doceant, ut quorum pro tutela atque patrono Stilicho se gesserit.]] {{res|Flavius Stilicho}} (anno [[359]] circiter natus anno [[408]] die [[22 Augusti|22 mensis Augusti]] [[Ravenna]]e iussu [[Heraclianus|Heracliani]] ducis exercitus [[imperator]]is [[Flavius Augustus Honorius|Honorii]] supplicio adfectus) fuit [[magister militum]] originis [[barbari]]cae<ref>''semi barbarus; [[Vandali|vandalus]]</ref> et [[Comes|comes stabuli]] et [[consul]] annorum [[400]] et [[405]]. Testis atque interpres rerum a Stilichone gestarum maximus [[Claudianus]] poeta extat in carminibus 2–28 et nonnullis carminibus minoribus. Contra ab [[Orosius|Orosio]] Stilichonis facta depinguntur ut vituperanda. Quod Vandalus erat, etiam [[Arianismus|Arrianus]]. ==De vita== Stilicho in hodierna [[Germania]] a patre [[Vandali|Vandalo]] natus est, auxiliario in exercitu Romano, et matre quae civis [[Roma|Romana]] erat. Tamen semper se Romanum putavit etiamsi erat, sicut plurimi Germani, [[Arianismus|Arianus]], ergo putatus [[Haeresis|haereticus]]. Correcte tres linguas principales illius temporis loquebatur: [[Lingua Germanica|Germanicam]] communem, [[Lingua Latina|Latinam]] [[Lingua Graeca|Graecamque]]. Historiographiae vir videtur multum ambiguus: putatus dux fidelis causae Imperii Romani, egit negative{{dubsig}} pro se. Nam [[Alaricus|Alaricum]] non pepulit neque limitem ad flumen [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] servavit. [[Theodosius I|Theodosio I]] regnante, qui ultimus utriusque partis Imperi imperator fuit, miles Romanus fuit. Anno [[384]] eum ad regem Persam {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Sapor III|Saporem III|en|qid=Q310267}} misit, ut de pace et partitione [[Armenia|Armeniae]] ageret. Missio felix fuit et Stilicho, cum Theodosium [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopoli]] adisset, generalis factus est, ut limites a [[Visigothi|Visigothibus]] defenderet: ille hoc negotium per circa viginta annos habuit. Theodosius quia virtutem eius videbat, ei Serenam suam nepotem uxorem dedit, quae postea filia adoptiva fuit. Eo coniugio nati sunt filius [[Eucherius]] et duae filiae, Maria et Termantia, quae uxores imperatoris [[Honorius|Honorii]] fuerunt . Imperatore [[Valentinianus II|Valentiniano II]] anno [[392]] interfecto, Stilicho exercitum paravit quod, Theodosio duce, [[Eugenius (imperator)|Flavium Eugenium]] proelio ad flumen Frigidum vicit. In hac quoque pugna Stilicho imperavit, cum haberet subordinatum Alaricum Visigothum (deinde suum inimicum), qui magnam auxiliariorum [[Gothi|Gothorum]] copiam ducebat. Anno [[400]] una cum [[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]] consulatum gessit. [[Monumentum]] [[marmor]]eum annis circa 400 factum et dictum sepulcrum Stilichonis in [[basilica]] sancti [[Ambrosius|Ambrosii]] [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] exstat, sed Stilicho hac in urbe sepultus esse vix veri simile videtur. Nam primo testimonia desunt, deinde omnino corpus illis temporibus inquietissimis ac bellicosis a loco supplicii Mediolanum tralatum esse a multis viris doctis denegatur. ==Nota== <div class="references-small"><references/></div> == Fontes == * [[Claudius Claudianus|Claudianus]], ''De consulatu Stilichonis'' et alia poemata * ''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]] ''[[Historia nova]]'' * [[Orosius|Paulus Orosius]], ''[[Historiae adversum paganos]]'' * [[Claudius Rutilius Namatianus]], ''De reditu suo'' * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Epistulae'' IV.1-14 == Plura legere si cupis == *Emilienne Demougeot, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44168669 Note sur la politique orientale de Stilichon de 405 à 407]", ''Byzantion'', 1950(II): 27-37 ) * [[Eduardus Gibbon]], ''The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'' *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/852/mode/2up 853-858] * Bruno Pottier, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/mefr_0223-5102_2005_num_117_1_10947 Un pamphlet contre Stilichon dans l’Histoire Auguste : la vie de Maximin Le Thrace]", ''Mélanges de l'école française de Rome'', 2005 (117-1): 223-267 * Santo Mazzarino, ''Stilicone. La Crisi Imperiale dopo Teodosio.'' ([[1942]]) (Rizzoli ISBN 978-88-17-33616-1) [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1942_num_11_2_2700_t1_0335_0000_2 Recensio critica] *Lucien Sigayret, "[https://books.openedition.org/pupvd/29079 Les deux voyages de Stilichon]" in ''Bouleversants voyages'', Presses universitaires de Perpignan, 2000: 85-100 *Michaël Vannesse, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/rbph_0035-0818_2010_num_88_1_7794 L’armée romaine en Occident sous Stilichon (395-408 ap. J.-C.) : le témoignage des décrets impériaux]", ''Revue belge de Philologie et d'Histoire'', 2010: 99-112 == Nexus externi == {{communia|Stilicho|Flavium Stilichonem}} * Guillaume Vincent, ''Stilicon, architecte de la victoire: un examen du rôle stratégique du général lors de la bataille de la rivière Frigidus'' [https://mastersfdl.hypotheses.org/6020 Investigatio] {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropius]] et [[Flavius Mallius Theodorus]]| annus= 400<br />cum<br />[[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]]| successores=[[Flavius Fravitta]] et [[Flavius Vincentius]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Honorius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Honorius Augustus]] VI et [[Aristaenetus]]| annus= 405<br />cum<br />[[Flavius Anthemius|Flavio Anthemio]]| successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] VI et [[Anicius Flavius Petronius Probus]]}} {{Lifetime|saeculo 4|408|Stilicho, Flavius}} [[Categoria:Ductores exercitus]] [[Categoria:Milites Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Morte damnati]] eootb0t897v9xfnlchi98zfxutkz2c2 3971951 3971950 2026-07-14T11:06:33Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Nota */ 3971951 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Imago:Stilico diptych.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Diptychon consulare]] Stilichonis anni circiter [[400]], [[Modicia]]e in thesauro ecclesiae cathedralis conservatum. Monstrat autem Stilichonem cum uxore [[Serena]] et filio [[Eucherius (filius Stilichonis)|Eucherio]]. Puerorum in clipeo Stilichonis sculptorum sunt qui [[Arcadius|Arcadii]] [[Honorius|Honoriique]] fratrum Augustorum imagines esse doceant, ut quorum pro tutela atque patrono Stilicho se gesserit.]] {{res|Flavius Stilicho}} (anno [[359]] circiter natus anno [[408]] die [[22 Augusti|22 mensis Augusti]] [[Ravenna]]e iussu [[Heraclianus|Heracliani]] ducis exercitus [[imperator]]is [[Flavius Augustus Honorius|Honorii]] supplicio adfectus) fuit [[magister militum]] originis [[barbari]]cae<ref>''semi barbarus; [[Vandali|vandalus]]</ref> et [[Comes|comes stabuli]] et [[consul]] annorum [[400]] et [[405]]. Testis atque interpres rerum a Stilichone gestarum maximus [[Claudianus]] poeta extat in carminibus 2–28 et nonnullis carminibus minoribus. Contra ab [[Orosius|Orosio]] Stilichonis facta depinguntur ut vituperanda. Quod Vandalus erat, etiam [[Arianismus|Arrianus]]. ==De vita== Stilicho in hodierna [[Germania]] a patre [[Vandali|Vandalo]] natus est, auxiliario in exercitu Romano, et matre quae civis [[Roma|Romana]] erat. Tamen semper se Romanum putavit etiamsi erat, sicut plurimi Germani, [[Arianismus|Arianus]], ergo putatus [[Haeresis|haereticus]]. Correcte tres linguas principales illius temporis loquebatur: [[Lingua Germanica|Germanicam]] communem, [[Lingua Latina|Latinam]] [[Lingua Graeca|Graecamque]]. Historiographiae vir videtur multum ambiguus: putatus dux fidelis causae Imperii Romani, egit negative{{dubsig}} pro se. Nam [[Alaricus|Alaricum]] non pepulit neque limitem ad flumen [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] servavit. [[Theodosius I|Theodosio I]] regnante, qui ultimus utriusque partis Imperi imperator fuit, miles Romanus fuit. Anno [[384]] eum ad regem Persam {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Sapor III|Saporem III|en|qid=Q310267}} misit, ut de pace et partitione [[Armenia|Armeniae]] ageret. Missio felix fuit et Stilicho, cum Theodosium [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopoli]] adisset, generalis factus est, ut limites a [[Visigothi|Visigothibus]] defenderet: ille hoc negotium per circa viginta annos habuit. Theodosius quia virtutem eius videbat, ei Serenam suam nepotem uxorem dedit, quae postea filia adoptiva fuit. Eo coniugio nati sunt filius [[Eucherius]] et duae filiae, Maria et Termantia, quae uxores imperatoris [[Honorius|Honorii]] fuerunt . Imperatore [[Valentinianus II|Valentiniano II]] anno [[392]] interfecto, Stilicho exercitum paravit quod, Theodosio duce, [[Eugenius (imperator)|Flavium Eugenium]] proelio ad flumen Frigidum vicit. In hac quoque pugna Stilicho imperavit, cum haberet subordinatum Alaricum Visigothum (deinde suum inimicum), qui magnam auxiliariorum [[Gothi|Gothorum]] copiam ducebat. Anno [[400]] una cum [[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]] consulatum gessit. [[Monumentum]] [[marmor]]eum annis circa 400 factum et dictum sepulcrum Stilichonis in [[basilica]] sancti [[Ambrosius|Ambrosii]] [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] exstat, sed Stilicho hac in urbe sepultus esse vix veri simile videtur. Nam primo testimonia desunt, deinde omnino corpus illis temporibus inquietissimis ac bellicosis a loco supplicii Mediolanum tralatum esse a multis viris doctis denegatur. == Notae == <references /> == Fontes == * [[Claudius Claudianus|Claudianus]], ''De consulatu Stilichonis'' et alia poemata * ''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]] ''[[Historia nova]]'' * [[Orosius|Paulus Orosius]], ''[[Historiae adversum paganos]]'' * [[Claudius Rutilius Namatianus]], ''De reditu suo'' * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Epistulae'' IV.1-14 == Plura legere si cupis == *Emilienne Demougeot, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44168669 Note sur la politique orientale de Stilichon de 405 à 407]", ''Byzantion'', 1950(II): 27-37 ) * [[Eduardus Gibbon]], ''The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'' *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/852/mode/2up 853-858] * Bruno Pottier, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/mefr_0223-5102_2005_num_117_1_10947 Un pamphlet contre Stilichon dans l’Histoire Auguste : la vie de Maximin Le Thrace]", ''Mélanges de l'école française de Rome'', 2005 (117-1): 223-267 * Santo Mazzarino, ''Stilicone. La Crisi Imperiale dopo Teodosio.'' ([[1942]]) (Rizzoli ISBN 978-88-17-33616-1) [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1942_num_11_2_2700_t1_0335_0000_2 Recensio critica] *Lucien Sigayret, "[https://books.openedition.org/pupvd/29079 Les deux voyages de Stilichon]" in ''Bouleversants voyages'', Presses universitaires de Perpignan, 2000: 85-100 *Michaël Vannesse, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/rbph_0035-0818_2010_num_88_1_7794 L’armée romaine en Occident sous Stilichon (395-408 ap. J.-C.) : le témoignage des décrets impériaux]", ''Revue belge de Philologie et d'Histoire'', 2010: 99-112 == Nexus externi == {{communia|Stilicho|Flavium Stilichonem}} * Guillaume Vincent, ''Stilicon, architecte de la victoire: un examen du rôle stratégique du général lors de la bataille de la rivière Frigidus'' [https://mastersfdl.hypotheses.org/6020 Investigatio] {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropius]] et [[Flavius Mallius Theodorus]]| annus= 400<br />cum<br />[[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]]| successores=[[Flavius Fravitta]] et [[Flavius Vincentius]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Honorius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Honorius Augustus]] VI et [[Aristaenetus]]| annus= 405<br />cum<br />[[Flavius Anthemius|Flavio Anthemio]]| successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] VI et [[Anicius Flavius Petronius Probus]]}} {{Lifetime|saeculo 4|408|Stilicho, Flavius}} [[Categoria:Ductores exercitus]] [[Categoria:Milites Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Morte damnati]] dy83ircou8f64o21yk7dnmh60t8dur6 3971955 3971951 2026-07-14T11:40:45Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Plura legere si cupis */ 3971955 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Imago:Stilico diptych.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Diptychon consulare]] Stilichonis anni circiter [[400]], [[Modicia]]e in thesauro ecclesiae cathedralis conservatum. Monstrat autem Stilichonem cum uxore [[Serena]] et filio [[Eucherius (filius Stilichonis)|Eucherio]]. Puerorum in clipeo Stilichonis sculptorum sunt qui [[Arcadius|Arcadii]] [[Honorius|Honoriique]] fratrum Augustorum imagines esse doceant, ut quorum pro tutela atque patrono Stilicho se gesserit.]] {{res|Flavius Stilicho}} (anno [[359]] circiter natus anno [[408]] die [[22 Augusti|22 mensis Augusti]] [[Ravenna]]e iussu [[Heraclianus|Heracliani]] ducis exercitus [[imperator]]is [[Flavius Augustus Honorius|Honorii]] supplicio adfectus) fuit [[magister militum]] originis [[barbari]]cae<ref>''semi barbarus; [[Vandali|vandalus]]</ref> et [[Comes|comes stabuli]] et [[consul]] annorum [[400]] et [[405]]. Testis atque interpres rerum a Stilichone gestarum maximus [[Claudianus]] poeta extat in carminibus 2–28 et nonnullis carminibus minoribus. Contra ab [[Orosius|Orosio]] Stilichonis facta depinguntur ut vituperanda. Quod Vandalus erat, etiam [[Arianismus|Arrianus]]. ==De vita== Stilicho in hodierna [[Germania]] a patre [[Vandali|Vandalo]] natus est, auxiliario in exercitu Romano, et matre quae civis [[Roma|Romana]] erat. Tamen semper se Romanum putavit etiamsi erat, sicut plurimi Germani, [[Arianismus|Arianus]], ergo putatus [[Haeresis|haereticus]]. Correcte tres linguas principales illius temporis loquebatur: [[Lingua Germanica|Germanicam]] communem, [[Lingua Latina|Latinam]] [[Lingua Graeca|Graecamque]]. Historiographiae vir videtur multum ambiguus: putatus dux fidelis causae Imperii Romani, egit negative{{dubsig}} pro se. Nam [[Alaricus|Alaricum]] non pepulit neque limitem ad flumen [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] servavit. [[Theodosius I|Theodosio I]] regnante, qui ultimus utriusque partis Imperi imperator fuit, miles Romanus fuit. Anno [[384]] eum ad regem Persam {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Sapor III|Saporem III|en|qid=Q310267}} misit, ut de pace et partitione [[Armenia|Armeniae]] ageret. Missio felix fuit et Stilicho, cum Theodosium [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopoli]] adisset, generalis factus est, ut limites a [[Visigothi|Visigothibus]] defenderet: ille hoc negotium per circa viginta annos habuit. Theodosius quia virtutem eius videbat, ei Serenam suam nepotem uxorem dedit, quae postea filia adoptiva fuit. Eo coniugio nati sunt filius [[Eucherius]] et duae filiae, Maria et Termantia, quae uxores imperatoris [[Honorius|Honorii]] fuerunt . Imperatore [[Valentinianus II|Valentiniano II]] anno [[392]] interfecto, Stilicho exercitum paravit quod, Theodosio duce, [[Eugenius (imperator)|Flavium Eugenium]] proelio ad flumen Frigidum vicit. In hac quoque pugna Stilicho imperavit, cum haberet subordinatum Alaricum Visigothum (deinde suum inimicum), qui magnam auxiliariorum [[Gothi|Gothorum]] copiam ducebat. Anno [[400]] una cum [[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]] consulatum gessit. [[Monumentum]] [[marmor]]eum annis circa 400 factum et dictum sepulcrum Stilichonis in [[basilica]] sancti [[Ambrosius|Ambrosii]] [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] exstat, sed Stilicho hac in urbe sepultus esse vix veri simile videtur. Nam primo testimonia desunt, deinde omnino corpus illis temporibus inquietissimis ac bellicosis a loco supplicii Mediolanum tralatum esse a multis viris doctis denegatur. == Notae == <references /> == Fontes == * [[Claudius Claudianus|Claudianus]], ''De consulatu Stilichonis'' et alia poemata * ''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]] ''[[Historia nova]]'' * [[Orosius|Paulus Orosius]], ''[[Historiae adversum paganos]]'' * [[Claudius Rutilius Namatianus]], ''De reditu suo'' * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Epistulae'' IV.1-14 == Plura legere si cupis == *Emilienne Demougeot, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44168669 Note sur la politique orientale de Stilichon de 405 à 407]", ''Byzantion'', 1950(II): 27-37 ) * [[Eduardus Gibbon]], ''The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'' *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/852/mode/2up 853-858] * Bruno Pottier, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/mefr_0223-5102_2005_num_117_1_10947 Un pamphlet contre Stilichon dans l’Histoire Auguste : la vie de Maximin Le Thrace]", ''Mélanges de l'école française de Rome'', 2005 (117-1): 223-267 * Santo Mazzarino, ''Stilicone. La Crisi Imperiale dopo Teodosio'', [[1942]] (Rizzoli ISBN 978-88-17-33616-1) [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1942_num_11_2_2700_t1_0335_0000_2 Recensio critica] *Lucien Sigayret, "[https://books.openedition.org/pupvd/29079 Les deux voyages de Stilichon]" in ''Bouleversants voyages'', Presses universitaires de Perpignan, 2000: 85-100 *Michaël Vannesse, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/rbph_0035-0818_2010_num_88_1_7794 L’armée romaine en Occident sous Stilichon (395-408 ap. J.-C.) : le témoignage des décrets impériaux]", ''Revue belge de Philologie et d'Histoire'', 2010: 99-112 == Nexus externi == {{communia|Stilicho|Flavium Stilichonem}} * Guillaume Vincent, ''Stilicon, architecte de la victoire: un examen du rôle stratégique du général lors de la bataille de la rivière Frigidus'' [https://mastersfdl.hypotheses.org/6020 Investigatio] {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropius]] et [[Flavius Mallius Theodorus]]| annus= 400<br />cum<br />[[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]]| successores=[[Flavius Fravitta]] et [[Flavius Vincentius]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Honorius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Honorius Augustus]] VI et [[Aristaenetus]]| annus= 405<br />cum<br />[[Flavius Anthemius|Flavio Anthemio]]| successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] VI et [[Anicius Flavius Petronius Probus]]}} {{Lifetime|saeculo 4|408|Stilicho, Flavius}} [[Categoria:Ductores exercitus]] [[Categoria:Milites Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Morte damnati]] k48nhj6s0elh5pkhrkawh7xdl89anne 3971956 3971955 2026-07-14T11:41:17Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Plura legere si cupis */ 3971956 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Imago:Stilico diptych.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Diptychon consulare]] Stilichonis anni circiter [[400]], [[Modicia]]e in thesauro ecclesiae cathedralis conservatum. Monstrat autem Stilichonem cum uxore [[Serena]] et filio [[Eucherius (filius Stilichonis)|Eucherio]]. Puerorum in clipeo Stilichonis sculptorum sunt qui [[Arcadius|Arcadii]] [[Honorius|Honoriique]] fratrum Augustorum imagines esse doceant, ut quorum pro tutela atque patrono Stilicho se gesserit.]] {{res|Flavius Stilicho}} (anno [[359]] circiter natus anno [[408]] die [[22 Augusti|22 mensis Augusti]] [[Ravenna]]e iussu [[Heraclianus|Heracliani]] ducis exercitus [[imperator]]is [[Flavius Augustus Honorius|Honorii]] supplicio adfectus) fuit [[magister militum]] originis [[barbari]]cae<ref>''semi barbarus; [[Vandali|vandalus]]</ref> et [[Comes|comes stabuli]] et [[consul]] annorum [[400]] et [[405]]. Testis atque interpres rerum a Stilichone gestarum maximus [[Claudianus]] poeta extat in carminibus 2–28 et nonnullis carminibus minoribus. Contra ab [[Orosius|Orosio]] Stilichonis facta depinguntur ut vituperanda. Quod Vandalus erat, etiam [[Arianismus|Arrianus]]. ==De vita== Stilicho in hodierna [[Germania]] a patre [[Vandali|Vandalo]] natus est, auxiliario in exercitu Romano, et matre quae civis [[Roma|Romana]] erat. Tamen semper se Romanum putavit etiamsi erat, sicut plurimi Germani, [[Arianismus|Arianus]], ergo putatus [[Haeresis|haereticus]]. Correcte tres linguas principales illius temporis loquebatur: [[Lingua Germanica|Germanicam]] communem, [[Lingua Latina|Latinam]] [[Lingua Graeca|Graecamque]]. Historiographiae vir videtur multum ambiguus: putatus dux fidelis causae Imperii Romani, egit negative{{dubsig}} pro se. Nam [[Alaricus|Alaricum]] non pepulit neque limitem ad flumen [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] servavit. [[Theodosius I|Theodosio I]] regnante, qui ultimus utriusque partis Imperi imperator fuit, miles Romanus fuit. Anno [[384]] eum ad regem Persam {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Sapor III|Saporem III|en|qid=Q310267}} misit, ut de pace et partitione [[Armenia|Armeniae]] ageret. Missio felix fuit et Stilicho, cum Theodosium [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopoli]] adisset, generalis factus est, ut limites a [[Visigothi|Visigothibus]] defenderet: ille hoc negotium per circa viginta annos habuit. Theodosius quia virtutem eius videbat, ei Serenam suam nepotem uxorem dedit, quae postea filia adoptiva fuit. Eo coniugio nati sunt filius [[Eucherius]] et duae filiae, Maria et Termantia, quae uxores imperatoris [[Honorius|Honorii]] fuerunt . Imperatore [[Valentinianus II|Valentiniano II]] anno [[392]] interfecto, Stilicho exercitum paravit quod, Theodosio duce, [[Eugenius (imperator)|Flavium Eugenium]] proelio ad flumen Frigidum vicit. In hac quoque pugna Stilicho imperavit, cum haberet subordinatum Alaricum Visigothum (deinde suum inimicum), qui magnam auxiliariorum [[Gothi|Gothorum]] copiam ducebat. Anno [[400]] una cum [[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]] consulatum gessit. [[Monumentum]] [[marmor]]eum annis circa 400 factum et dictum sepulcrum Stilichonis in [[basilica]] sancti [[Ambrosius|Ambrosii]] [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] exstat, sed Stilicho hac in urbe sepultus esse vix veri simile videtur. Nam primo testimonia desunt, deinde omnino corpus illis temporibus inquietissimis ac bellicosis a loco supplicii Mediolanum tralatum esse a multis viris doctis denegatur. == Notae == <references /> == Fontes == * [[Claudius Claudianus|Claudianus]], ''De consulatu Stilichonis'' et alia poemata * ''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]] ''[[Historia nova]]'' * [[Orosius|Paulus Orosius]], ''[[Historiae adversum paganos]]'' * [[Claudius Rutilius Namatianus]], ''De reditu suo'' * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Epistulae'' IV.1-14 == Plura legere si cupis == *Emilienne Demougeot, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44168669 Note sur la politique orientale de Stilichon de 405 à 407]", ''Byzantion'', 1950(II): 27-37 * [[Eduardus Gibbon]], ''The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'' *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/852/mode/2up 853-858] * Bruno Pottier, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/mefr_0223-5102_2005_num_117_1_10947 Un pamphlet contre Stilichon dans l’Histoire Auguste : la vie de Maximin Le Thrace]", ''Mélanges de l'école française de Rome'', 2005 (117-1): 223-267 * Santo Mazzarino, ''Stilicone. La Crisi Imperiale dopo Teodosio'', [[1942]] (Rizzoli ISBN 978-88-17-33616-1) [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1942_num_11_2_2700_t1_0335_0000_2 Recensio critica] *Lucien Sigayret, "[https://books.openedition.org/pupvd/29079 Les deux voyages de Stilichon]" in ''Bouleversants voyages'', Presses universitaires de Perpignan, 2000: 85-100 *Michaël Vannesse, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/rbph_0035-0818_2010_num_88_1_7794 L’armée romaine en Occident sous Stilichon (395-408 ap. J.-C.) : le témoignage des décrets impériaux]", ''Revue belge de Philologie et d'Histoire'', 2010: 99-112 == Nexus externi == {{communia|Stilicho|Flavium Stilichonem}} * Guillaume Vincent, ''Stilicon, architecte de la victoire: un examen du rôle stratégique du général lors de la bataille de la rivière Frigidus'' [https://mastersfdl.hypotheses.org/6020 Investigatio] {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropius]] et [[Flavius Mallius Theodorus]]| annus= 400<br />cum<br />[[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]]| successores=[[Flavius Fravitta]] et [[Flavius Vincentius]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Honorius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Honorius Augustus]] VI et [[Aristaenetus]]| annus= 405<br />cum<br />[[Flavius Anthemius|Flavio Anthemio]]| successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] VI et [[Anicius Flavius Petronius Probus]]}} {{Lifetime|saeculo 4|408|Stilicho, Flavius}} [[Categoria:Ductores exercitus]] [[Categoria:Milites Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Morte damnati]] n9pdsdwgrdrluuqtycnlmxp8wkd5frd 0 33478 3971899 3967314 2026-07-13T22:45:14Z Grufo 64423 Nexum internum addidi 3971899 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Imago:Siliqua Eugenius- trier RIC 0106d.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Siliqua]] Eugenii]] {{res|Flavius Eugenius}} (natus die ignoto - necatus est die [[6 Septembris]] [[394]] apud [[rivus|rivum]] [[Frigidus|Frigidum]], hodie ''Hubelj'' ) fuit ab anno [[392]] usque ad [[mors|mortem]] [[usurpator]] contra [[imperator]]em [[Imperium Romanum|Romanum]] [[Theodosius I|Theodosium I]]. == Vita == Eugenius [[magister]] [[grammatica]]e ac [[rhetorica]]e et magister scriniorum ante purpuram vestitam fuerat. {{NexInt}} * [[Flavius Stilicho]] == Nexus externi == {{Communia|Eugenius}} * [http://www.roman-emperors.org/eugene.htm De Eugenio] in "''De Imperatoribus Romanis''" (pagina [[Anglice]] scripta a Walter E. Roberts) {{bio-stipula}} {{Imperatores Romani}} [[Categoria:Imperatores Romani]] [[Categoria:Mortui 394]] [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]] [[Categoria:Theodosius I]] es2icu55mnxio1q7c3qhzlytqwkabit 0 33682 3971854 3971733 2026-07-13T16:27:08Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Plura legere si cupis */ 3971854 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} '''Flavius Rufinus''' (qui natus est circa annum [[335]] [[Elusa|Elusae]]<ref>''In Rufinum'' I.146. [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]] IV.51.1</ref> in [[Aquitania]]; necatus die [[27 Novembris]] [[395]]) fuit [[Theodosius I|Theodosio primo eius nominis Augusto]] et [[Arcadius|Arcadio]] regnantibus vir maximae in re publica auctoritatis in [[Imperium Romanum Orientale|imperii Romani parte ad orientem solem vergenti]]. == De vita == Rufinus, qui ab anno [[388]] [[magister officiorum]] fuerat<ref>Zosimus IV.51.1</ref>: dignitatem huius magisterii auxisse videtur et anno 391 cum Theodosii exercituum ducibus [[Flavius Timasius|Timasio]] et [[Flavius Promotus|Promoto]] convictum habuit ita ut paulo post necis Promoti auctor a fama designaretur<ref>Zosimus IV.51.1-3. Claudianus, ''de consulatu Stilichonis'' I.101 et ''In Rufinum'' II.316-7.</ref>. Postea inde ab anno [[392]] [[praefectus praetorio]] per [[Praefectura Orientis|orientem]] et dignitate et potentia floruit et secundus post imperatorem visus est<ref>Zosimus IV.52. [[Eunapius]] fr. 59. [[Ambrosius]] ''Ep.'' 52: ''Rufinus enim ex magistro officiorum factus est in consulatu praefectus praetorio''.</ref>. Quo eodem anno [[Arcadius|Arcadio]] Augusto collega ad [[Consul|consulatum]] ascendit<ref>''In Rufinum'' II.82.</ref>. At mense Novembri anni 395 Rufinus a [[Gainas|Gaina]] duce, quem [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopolim]] ipse arcessiverat, [[Claudianus|Claudiano]] teste [[Stilicho]]nis iussu necatus est. Rufinus [[Christiani|Christianus]] fuit. == Notae == <references /> == Fontes == *[[Claudius Claudianus|Claudianus]], ''In Rufinum'' *[[Libanius]], ''Epistulae'' 865, 981, 1029, 1052, 1061, 1083, 1106, 1110-1 *[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Epistulae'' III.81-91. *[[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'' ==Plura legere si cupis == *T. D. Barnes, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/638352 The Victims of Rufinus]", ''The Classical Quarterly'', 1984: 227-230 *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/778/mode/2up 778-781] *Anaïs Perret, «[https://journals.openedition.org/interferences/6505#quotation Le Contre Rufin et le Contre Eutrope de Claudien : un miroir des princes inversé] », ''Interférences'', 2018-11 == Nexus externi == *[https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/RE:Rufinus_23 Rufinus 23] in [[Paulys Real-Enzyklopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft]] {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Flavius Eutolmius Tatianus]] et [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]]| annus= 392<br />cum<br />[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesare Flavio Arcadio Augusto]] II| successores=[[Theodosius I|Imp. Caesar Flavius Theodosius Augustus]] III et [[Flavius Abundantius]] ; [[Eugenius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Eugenius Augustus]]}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rufinus, Flavius}} [[Categoria:Mortui 395]] [[Categoria:Milites Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Praefecti Praetorio]] [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]] rrl412kftnpyl6xguby4ylsodhi0b86 0 34557 3971818 3940300 2026-07-13T13:50:27Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3971818 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Imago:DAVID LYNCH (CannesPhotocall).jpg|thumb|David Lynch ([[Canua|Canuae]] anno [[2001]])]] '''David Keith Lynch''' ([[Missoula]]e in [[Montana]] natus die [[20 Ianuarii]] [[1946]]; mortuus die [[15 Ianuarii]] [[2025]]) fuit scriptor et [[moderator cinematographicus]] [[CFA|Americanus]], notus per suas personas unicas dramatum et pelliculas phantasiscientificas nigras quae connotationes comoedicas saepe habent. Cursus eius annis sexaginta coepit, quando pelliculas breves imaginativas fecit. Anno [[1977]], scripsit et direxit fabulam futuristicam ''Mentem Eradentem'' (Eraserhead), eius pelliculam primam longitudinis plenae. Pellicula proxima eius fuit '' [[The Elephant Man|Homo Elephanticus]]'' ([[1980]]), de vita [[Ioannes Merrick|Iohannis Merrick]], homo deformissimus in [[Anglia]] [[saeculum 19|saeculo undevicensimo]], qui imaginationem multarum gentium cepit. Haec pellicula pro Oscaribus ut pellicula optima et director optimus nominata est. Pelliculae proximae eius fuerunt [[iconos|iconus]]{{dubsig}} phantasiscientifici ''[[Dune (pellicula)|Arena]]'' (1984) et acclamatissimum drama criminale ''Holoserium Caeruleum'' ([[1986]]). Anno [[1990]], Lynch ''Feri in Corde'' drama amoriferum inordinarium, et anno [[1997]] ''Viam Perditam'' "thriller" suspensum fecit. Direxit picturam sentimentalem anno [[1999]] ''Fabulam Rectam'' de viro senili qui 300 mile dollarum{{dubsig}} obviam repperit in herbisectro{{dubsig}} visitans eius fratrem praedilectum. Post annum [[2000]], fecit mysteriosam ''Viam Mulholland'' ([[2001]]) et ''Imperia Interioris'' (2006). Trans eius cursum etiam multas pelliculas breves fecit, et annis nonaginta laboravit in episodia serierum televisificarum. Notissima fuit "Cacumina Gemina" ([[1990]]-[[1991]]), series quam creavit quae erat de conquisitoribus qui homicidium virginis investigabant. ==Nexus externi== {{communia|David Lynch}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080303234450/http://www.davidlynch.com/ Pagina officialis David Lynch] {{bio-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lynch, David}} [[Categoria:Nati 1946]] [[Categoria:Mortui 2025]] [[Categoria:Moderatores cinematographici Civitatum Foederatarum]] [[Categoria:Incolae Montanae]] [[Categoria:Artifices Civitatum Foederatarum]] 8eoqbgkon6110t84p52c2xnyy30mlub 0 38898 3971870 3958094 2026-07-13T20:00:24Z LilyKitty 18316 de eponymo 3971870 wikitext text/x-wiki {{videdis|Nox (discretiva)}} [[Fasciculus:Rainbow colored Rainbow Bridge at night.jpg|thumb|[[Pons Arcus Caelestis]] [[Tokium|Tokii]] nocte visus.]] '''Nox''' {{victio|nox|ctis|f}} est [[spatium]] [[tempus|temporis]] quod inter [[crepusculum]] (post [[vesper]]em) et [[Aurora]] [[sol]]is cadit. Momento unoquoque temporis fere dimidium [[planeta]]e tenebris obscuratur. Propter conversionem [[tellus (planeta)|telluris]] circum [[axis (geometria)|axem]] suum, nox [[dies]]que alternis vicibus fiunt. Nox die [[hiems|hieme]] longior, [[aestas|aestate]] autem die brevior est. {{NexInt}} {{div col|3}} * [[Solis ortus]] * [[Dies]] * [[Erebus]] * [[Ignitegium]] * [[Lucubratio]] * [[Nox alba]] * [[Nox polaris]] * ''[[Nox stellans]]'' * [[Nox Valpurgis]] * [[Nyx et Hemera]] * [[Obscuritas]] * [[Solis occasus]] * [[1298 Nocturna]] {{div col end}} == Bibliographia == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303204820/http://www.lcdpu.fr/collections/?collection_id=1467 ''Anthropologie de la nuit.''] Publications de la Société d'ethnologie, Nanterre. * Cabantous, Alain. [[2009]]. ''Histoire de la nuit (XVIIe-XVIIIe siècles).'' Lutetiae: Fayard. * Christien, Marie-Josée. [[2015]]. ''Quand la nuit voit le jour.'' Lutetiae: Tertium éditions. [[Categoria:Nox|!]] [[Categoria:Physica]] [[Categoria:Tempora diei]] {{Myrias|Anthropologia}} j4x1el7xxiruj97knmw8wexsb86a7db 0 52054 3971913 3767116 2026-07-14T05:29:08Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3971913 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Rubiks cube solved.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|[[Cubus Rubik]]]] '''Ernnestus Rubik''' sive '''Ernestus Rubicus'''<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210422182544/http://uni-obuda.hu/conferences/Pauli2009/Nadai_Varlaki_Bokor.pdf Situs interretialis.]</ref> [Hungarice: Rubik Ernő {{IPA|ˈrubik ˈɛrnøː}}] ([[Aquincum|Aquinci]], in [[Hungaria]] natus die [[13 Iulii]] [[1944]]) est [[sculptor]] et [[architectus]] Hungaricus, qui praeclarissimus est propter inventionem [[ludus|ludi]] [[cubus Rubik|cubi Rubiki]] anno [[1974]] factam. ==Notae== <references/> == Nexus externi == * [http://www.rubiks.com/ Taberna interretialis Erno Rubik] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080329034144/http://mooretechnologies.com/~kevin/puzzles.html Collectio imaginum ludorum Erno Rubik] {{bio-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rubik, Ernestus}} [[Categoria:Nati 1944]] [[Categoria:Homines vivi]] [[Categoria:Architecti Hungariae]] [[Categoria:Incolae Hungariae]] [[Categoria:Inventores]] [[Categoria:Sculptores Hungariae]] j713cvwnl62f8n91kb3q50lz4lhwqy9 0 54861 3971911 3583012 2026-07-14T02:56:53Z RustyOldShip 194451 /* Hemisphaerium australe */ quappropter -->quapropter 3971911 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L}} {{Videdis|Septentrio (discretiva)}} [[Fasciculus:Big_dipper_from_the_kalalau_lookout_at_the_kokee_state_park_in_hawaii.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Septentrio a [[Kauai]]s visus.]] '''Septentrio''' {{victio|septentrio|nis|m}} septem [[asterismus|stellarum grex]] est, ab [[antiquitas|antiquitate]] plagam [[Boreas|borealem]] (vel septentrionalem!) coniunctim in caelo denotans. Hae stellae, [[plostrum|plostri]] figura ordinatae, nitidiorae sunt, quam aliae stellae in [[Ursa Maior (sidus)|Ursae Maioris]] [[sidus|sidere]], ubi iacent. == Terminus et mores == Ob partem in navigatione praeclaram, vocabula ''septentrio'' et ''septentriones'' indicant [[septentrio (discretiva)|varias res]]: [[sidus]], [[boreas|boream]], [[rosa ventorum|plagam cardinalem]] borealem versus, et varia territoria. == Hemisphaerium australe == Hoc sidus ab [[hemisphaerium australe|hemisphaerio australi]] non visum est. Ibi plaga septentrionalis re vera plagae ''meridionali'' sensu stricto corresponderet. Quapropter, ut consternatio evitetur, mos est numquam meridiones ad plagam dicendam adhibere, et solis vocabulis ''auster'' et ''boreas'' aut ''septentrio'' uti. ==Stellae== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! | [[Stella]] || Nomen || [[Character Bayeri]] || [[Magnitudo apparens]] || Intervallum a sole<br />([[Annus luce mensus|alm]]) |- | '''Alpha Ursae Maioris''' || Dubhe || α UMa || 1,8 || 124 |- | '''Beta Ursae Maioris''' || Merak || β UMa || 2,4 || 79 |- | '''Gamma Ursae Maioris''' || Phecda || γ UMa || 2,4 || 84 |- | '''Delta Ursae Maioris''' || Megrez || δ UMa || 3,3 || 81 |- | '''Epsilon Ursae Maioris''' || Alioth || ε UMa || 1,8 || 81 |- | '''Zeta Ursae Maioris''' || Mizar || ζ UMa || 2,1 || 78 |- | '''Eta Ursae Maioris''' || Alkaid || η UMa || 1,9 || 101 |} == Bibliographia == [[Fasciculus:Ursa Major constellation detail map.PNG|upright=1.25|thumb|left|Septentrio in tabula stellari]] [[Fasciculus:Ursamajor-guide.jpg|thumb|Quomodo sidus [[polaris]] a stellis α et β [[Ursa Maior (sidus)|Ursae Maioris]] indicatur]] * "[http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/Ursa_Major*.html Ursa Major]" in Richard Hinckley Allen, ''Star-Names and Their Meanings'' (Novi Eboraci: Stechert, 1899; Dover Books, 1963) pp. 419-446 [[Categoria:Res astronomicae nominibus antiquis agnitae]] [[Categoria:Ursa Maior (constellatio)]] [[Categoria:Asterismi]] 363qnqyiyuxdrlohzlyi2bq4dag0wz0 3971937 3971911 2026-07-14T10:23:07Z IacobusAmor 1163 ~ 3971937 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L}} {{Videdis|Septentrio (discretiva)}} [[Fasciculus:Ursa Major constellation detail map.PNG|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Septentrio in tabula stellari,]] [[Fasciculus:Big_dipper_from_the_kalalau_lookout_at_the_kokee_state_park_in_hawaii.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Septentrio a [[Kauai]]s visus.]] '''Septentrio''' {{victio|septentrio|nis|m}} est septem tantum [[asterismus|stellarum grex]], ab [[antiquitas|antiquitate]] plagam [[Boreas|borealem]] (vel septentrionalem) in [[caelum|caelo]] coniunctim denotans. Quae [[stella]]e, [[plostrum|plostri]] figura ordinatae, nitidiorae sunt, quam aliae stellae in [[Ursa Maior (sidus)|Ursae Maioris]] [[sidus|sidere]], ubi iacent. == Terminus et mores == Ob partem in [[navigatio]]ne praeclaram, [[vocabulum|vocabula]] ''septentrio'' et ''septentriones'' [[septentrio (discretiva)|varias res]] indicant, quae sunt [[sidus]], [[boreas]], [[rosa ventorum]] borealem versus, et varia loci. == Hemisphaerium australe == Hoc sidus ab [[hemisphaerium australe|hemisphaerio australi]] videri non potest. Ibi plaga septentrionalis re vera plagae ''meridianae'' sensu stricto corresponderet. Quapropter, ut consternatio evitetur, mos est numquam meridies ad plagam dicendam adhibere, et solis vocabulis ''auster'' et ''boreas'' aut ''septentrio'' uti. ==Stellae== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! | [[Stella]] || Nomen || [[Character Bayeri]] || [[Magnitudo apparens]] || Intervallum a sole<br />([[Annus luce mensus|alm]]) |- | '''Alpha Ursae Maioris''' || Dubhe || α UMa || 1,8 || 124 |- | '''Beta Ursae Maioris''' || Merak || β UMa || 2,4 || 79 |- | '''Gamma Ursae Maioris''' || Phecda || γ UMa || 2,4 || 84 |- | '''Delta Ursae Maioris''' || Megrez || δ UMa || 3,3 || 81 |- | '''Epsilon Ursae Maioris''' || Alioth || ε UMa || 1,8 || 81 |- | '''Zeta Ursae Maioris''' || Mizar || ζ UMa || 2,1 || 78 |- | '''Eta Ursae Maioris''' || Alkaid || η UMa || 1,9 || 101 |} == Bibliographia == [[Fasciculus:Ursamajor-guide.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Quomodo sidus [[polaris]] a stellis α et β [[Ursa Maior (sidus)|Ursae Maioris]] indicatur.]] * "[http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/Ursa_Major*.html Ursa Major]" in Richard Hinckley Allen, ''Star-Names and Their Meanings'' (Novi Eboraci: Stechert, 1899: Dover Books, 1963), 419–446. [[Categoria:Asterismi]] [[Categoria:Res astronomicae nominibus antiquis agnitae]] [[Categoria:Ursa Maior (constellatio)]]~ fxy9xwkur11b39a10znu60zkj9hnvyj 0 55355 3971798 3609547 2026-07-13T12:31:30Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3971798 wikitext text/x-wiki {{capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Lucas Cranach maior''' (natus '''Lucas Sunder''' [[Kronach]] in [[Franconia]] die [[4 Octobris]] [[1472]]; mortuus [[Vimaria]]e die [[16 Octobris]] [[1553]]) fuit [[pictor]] et [[incisor]] [[Germania|Germanicus]]. Eius [[cognomen]] verum verisimiliter erat ''Sünder'' (etiam ''Sunder'', ''Sonder'' aut ''Süündä'', vel ''Müller''). Pater fuit pictoris [[Lucas Cranach minor|Lucae Cranach minoris]]. ==Vita== [[File:Gedenktafel Markt 4 (Wittenberg) Lucas Cranach der Ältere.jpg|thumb|Tabula commemorativa Wittenbergae de Cranach artifice, institore, burgimagistro]] Artifex in principio a patre ipso exercebatur. Alia facta istius temporis sunt ignota, quamquam constat eum esse in vestigiis sic dictae Scholae Franconicae, inter cuius optimos viros numerabantur [[Matthias Grünewald]] et [[Albertus Altdorfer]]. De quo studio bonum testimonium perhibet opus ''Ruhe auf der Flucht'' anni 1504 ([[berolinum|Berolini]]), artificium eius antiquissimum quod ad scientiam nostram de anno fabricationis attinet. Observatio [[natura]]e necnon [[color]]es in tabula ista reape splendent. Anno [[1505]], Cranach pictor aulicus principis atque electoris [[Saxonia|Saxonici]] [[Fridericus III (dux Saxoniae)|Friderici III]] creatus est: primo Cranach habitavit [[Torgavia]]e, mox autem [[Wittenberga]]e, ubi labores multas variasque suscepit. Ob [[studium]] zelumque multos adlatos in officina sibi ascivit ut res mandatae ad tempus ad clientes venire possent. Propterea quod omnia opera nomine suo in [[ergasterium|ergasterio]] [[subscriptio|signavit]] auctoritatem propriam nolens volens minorem reddidit. Anno [[1508]], [[dux Saxoniae]] ei privilegium insignium portandorum dedit, quae [[serpens|serpentem]] [[ala]]tum et [[anulus|anulum]] in [[nasus|naso]] monstrant. Anno [[1509]], in [[Batavia]]m missus est, ubi [[Carolus V (imperator)|Carolum V]] [[imperator]]em adulescentem pinxit. Anno [[1520]], pharmacopolium [[Wittenberga]]e acquisivit, quo in loco tabernam [[libraria]]m aperuit. [[Domus Cranach Gothensis]] et [[Domus Cranach Vimariana]] exemplo sint domorum alibi pro Luca Cranach nominatarum. ==In servitio Reformationis== Praeconia sic dictae [[Reformatio]]nis Cranach utique agebat promovebatque effigiebus reformatorum necnon [[xylographia|xylographiis]] contra [[papa|episcopum Romanum]] ubique distributis. Itaque etiam imagines amicorum [[Martinus Lutherus|Lutheri]] et [[Philippus Melanchthon|Melanchtonos]] omnibus notae factae sunt. Attamen continuo pro Catholicis clientibus quoque operam dedit. Duces Saxoniae succedentes (Ioannes Constans, Ioannes Magnanimus) se maecenates Lucae Cranach esse minime spernebant. Cranach anno [[1519]] in rebus argentariis inspector fuit, annis [[1537]] et [[1540]] vel demarchus. Anno autem [[1550]], [[Augusta Vindelicorum|Augustam Vindelicorum]] petivit principe Ioanne Friderico captivo. Duobus annis post eum secutus est Vimariam, ubi et mortuus et [[sepulcrum|sepultus]] est in fano castellano. Cippus tamen invenitur in [[sepulcretum|sepulcreto]] circa [[Ecclesiam Sancti Iacobi (Vimaria)|Ecclesiam Sancti Iacobi]] Vimarianam instituto. ==Gravitudo== Cranach tempore suo omnibus vere notus fuit, quippe qui Reformationem propulsaret (praeter ingenia multa alia). Cranach [[ars|artes]] novas in tota Germania [[Germania Media|Media]] et [[Germania Septentrionalis|Septentrionali]] regebat disponebatque, quamvis numquam [[Albertus Dürer|Albertum Dürer]] aequare posset. Gigantes formas [[Italia|Italicas]] Cranach abhorruit, qui minora maioris aestimasse videtur. Colores eius semper clari bene usque nostros dies conservantur, quibus raro utebatur ad homines valde ingeniosos monstrandos: Lucas Cranach maluit burgenses pingere, non nobiles. Affabre facies necnon [[mythologia|res mythologicas]] et plagas [[phantasia|phantasticas]] depingere sciebat. Vimariae eius [[magnum opus]] admirari potest in [[Ecclesia Sanctorum Petri et Pauli (Vimaria)|Ecclesia Herder]] de [[Iesus Christus|Christo]] [[crucifixio|crucifixo]] [[resurrectio|resurrectoque]] et de [[Ioannes Baptista|Ioanne Baptista]]; in [[ara]] [[sancti]] reformatorum ipsorum vultus habent. [[Oeni pons|Oeniponte]] in [[ecclesia cathedralis|ecclesia cathedrali]] est [[Deipara]] pulcherrime a Cranach picta. Sollerter diligenter libenter libros illustrabat quoque. Xylographus maximus fuisse dicitur. ==Opera selecta (cum locis anno 1906 digestis)== *Musea Berolinensia multa opera monstrant: Folge aus dem Leiden Christi, Apollo und Diana, der Brunnen der Jugend, Venus und Amor, Porträt Albrechts (Kurfürst von Mainz) *In pinacothecis [[Dresda]]e habemus inter alia opera: Adam und Eva, Judith und Lucretia, Delila und Simson, David und Bathseba, Christus an der Säule (1515), der bethlehemitische Kindermord, Christus und die Kinder, eine ruhende Quellnymphe (1518) *Oeniponte in [[Austria]] est Deiparae succurrentis imago in cathedrali ecclesia et Maria altera in fano [[Ordo Fratrum Minorum Capuccinorum|Capuccinorum]]. * [[Lipsia]]e admireris: Christus, der die Kindlein zu sich kommen läßt (in delubro Sancti Pauli); Bildnis eines Sterbenden (in museo quodam). * [[Mansfeld]] in ecclesia castellana pendent: Altarbild mit der Kreuzigung, Grablegung und Auferstehung *[[Misnia]]e in cathedrali ecclesia: Heiland mit den Wundmalen *[[Wörlitz]] (in domo Gothica): Vermählung der Hl. Katharina *Naumburgi in ecclesia paroeciali: Christus, die Kinder segnend * Torgaviae in Fano Sanctae Mariae: Die 14 Nothelfer. *[[monacum|Monaci]] Pinacotheca vetus possidet:: Moses und Aaron mit den Gesetzestafeln, die Ehebrecherin, Lucretia, Christus am Kreuz, effigies Lutheri/Melanchthonos/Friderici Sapientis, Venus und Amor *In bibliotheca regia Monacensi: liber praedicatorius splendidissimus cum lithographiis * [[Petropolis]] urbs gaudet de: Madonna unter dem Apfelbaum, Venus und Cupido, Heirat eines Jünglings mit einer häßlichen Frau * [[Oberschleißheim]] in pinacotheca regia:: Maria mit zwei Engeln, die Hl. Katharina und ihre Enthauptung, ein alter Mann ein junges Mädchen liebkosend, der Mund der Wahrheit * [[salinae Saxonicae|Salinis Saxonicis]] in Ecclesia BMSV necnon in ecclesia [[Nivemontium (Saxonia)|Nivemontii]] (Theodisce ''Schneeberg''): altaria magna *[[Vindobona]]e: Anbetung der Weisen, Christus den heiligen Frauen erscheinend, die heilige Katharina und Rosalia, der Hl. Hieronymus mit dem Löwen, der Hl. Leopold. == Pinacotheca == <center> <gallery> Imago:CranachtheElderRestontheFlighttoEgypt.jpg|" [[Virgo Maria|Virginis]] requies inter iter in [[Aegyptus|Aegyptum]]" Imago:Lucas Cranach d. Ä. 052.jpg|Principissa [[Saxonia]]e Imago:LucasCranachtheElderCuspinian.jpg|[[Ioannes Cuspinianus]] Imago:Martin_Luther,_1529.jpg|[[Martinus Lutherus]] Imago:PhilippMelanchthon.jpg|[[Philippus Melanchthon]] Imago:Lucas Cranach d. Ä. 044.jpg|[[Ioannes Fridericus I (elector Saxoniae)]] Imago:Judith mit dem Haupt des Holofernes.jpg|[[Liber Iudith|Iudith]] cum capite [[Holofernes|Holofernis]] Imago:Cranachdä.jpg| [[Crucifixio Christi]] Imago:PopeKissing Feet.JPG|[[Antichristus]] Imago:Werwolf.png|[[Versipellis]], 1512 </gallery> </center> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Lucas Cranach (I)|Lucam Cranach Maiorem}} *[https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118522582 Pretiosa apud DDB] *[http://www.zeno.org/Kunstwerke/A/Cranach+d.+Ä.,+Lucas Opera apud Zeno] *[https://www.weimar-lese.de/sehenswuerdigkeiten/friedhoefe/lucas-cranachs-grab/ De eius sepulcro Vimariano] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100113105702/http://www.stadtkirchengemeinde-wittenberg.de/seiten/kirche.html Imagines Wittenbergae in Fano Deiparae] *Girshausen, Theo Ludwig, "Cranach, Lucas der Ältere" apud: Neue Deutsche Biographie 3 (1957), p. 395-398 ([https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118522582.html#ndbcontent hic in interreti]) {{Fontes biographici}} {{Lifetime|1472|1553|Cranach, Lucas Maior}} [[Categoria:Incisores]] [[Categoria:Pictores Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Renascentia]] mudycf9vkn779agvpltsdv6w2ush9ao 0 72526 3971835 3733036 2026-07-13T14:52:10Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3971835 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vicificanda}} '''Deathspell Omega''' est [[grex musicus]] [[metallum nigrum|metalli nigri]] [[Francia|Francicus]] anno [[1998]] conditus notusque ob "Normam Evangelii Diaboli".{{dubsig}} Cuius carmina praecipue cultum [[Satana]]e iuxta [[metaphysica]]m necnon diversa theologica argumenta tractant, qualia grex fusius explorare habetur quam plurimi nigri metalli greges. In nonnulla quoque carmina [[Georgius Bataille]] vim habuit. == Biographia == Primis temporibus Deathspell Omega nigrum metallum crudum atque intemperatum non secus ac ''Transilvanian Hunger'' a grege Darkthrone compositum canebat, cum anno [[2004]] novum ederet opus c.t.{{dubsig}} ''Si Monumentum Requires, Circumspice,'' in quo cerni potest motus ad melodias numerosiores{{dubsig}} et diversiores nonnumquam [[cantus Gregorianus|cantum Gregorianum]] vocesque in choro concinentes [[lingua Latina|nostra lingua]] immiscens. Quo edito fautorum numerus, quamvis non vulgo, auctus est. Opera post ''Si Monumentum Requires, Circumspice'' vel numerosiora sunt, in quibus quinque cantus anno [[2009]] missa sunt – ''Kénôse'' et duo opera divisa. Secundum triadis opus, ''Fas – Ite, Maledicti, in Ignem Aeternum,'' anno [[2007]] magna cum laude editum est in luce. Grex anno [[2009]] aliud EP, ''Veritas Diaboli Manet in Aeternum - Chaining the Katechon,'' edidit. De gregis sodalibus minimum compertum habetur, cum nec sedes retialis eis sit nec notitia eorum usquam praebeatur. Percunctationes autem ad sententias argumentaque explicanda saepius actae sunt. == Sodales == * Hasjarl - citarista * Mikko Aspa - cantator, tympanator * Khaos - bassista == Discographia == === Studii alba === * MM - ''Infernal Battles'' (Proelia Infernalia) * MMII - ''Inquisitors of Satan'' (Quaesitores Sathanae) * MMIV - ''Si Monumentum Requires, Circumspice'' * MMVII - ''Fas - Ite, Maledicti, in Ignem Aeternum'' === Alba partita === * MMI - ''Clandestine Blaze / Deathspell Omega'' * MMI - ''Sob A Lua Do Bode / Demoniac Vengeance'' (Ultio Daemonium) * MMII - ''Mütiilation / Deathspell Omega'' * MMV - ''From the Entrails to the Dirt'' (De Visceribus Ad Solum) * MMV - ''Crushing The Holy Trinity'' (Trinitatem Sanctam Obruere) * MMVIII - ''Veritas Diaboli Manet in Aeternum'' === Demo et EP === * MCMIC - ''Disciples of the Ultimate Void'' (Discipuli Vacui Ultimi) - Demo * MMV - ''Kénôse'' - EP * MMVIII - ''Veritas Diaboli Manet in Aeternum: Chaining the Katechon'' - EP * MMVIII - ''Mass Grave Aesthetics'' (Mores Sepulchri Maximi) - EP ===Congeries=== * MMVIII - ''Manifestations 2000-2001'' * MMVIII - ''Manifestations 2002'' ==Nexus externi== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20220331070326/https://www.deathspellomega.com/ Situs interretialis Deathspell Omega proprius.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928035928/http://www.hateful-metal.de/deathspell_omega.html Discographia.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070224172610/http://www.theajnaoffensive.com/newsDetails.asp?NewsID=36 Conloquium.] ===Nexus bibliographici=== *[http://www.cfprod.com/nh/ Hic.] *[http://www.noevdia.com/ Hic.] *[http://www.theajnaoffensive.com/index.asp Hic.] [[Categoria:Constituta 1998]] [[Categoria:Greges musici Franciae]] jnyegaq204a7098thr61dfkaet5n59o 1 77744 3971926 3971201 2026-07-14T06:37:00Z Jondel 452 /* Quid significat? */ 3971926 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Bad Book Spam warning == <small>(My apologies for this message being in English)</small> The vandal [[:en:Category:Wikipedia sockpuppets of General Tojo|General Tojo]] is spamming Wikipedia by removing references and adding his books as the only reference. The books are nothing more than reprints of out of copyright sources, with spelling errors from the title page on forward (For example it is James McClymont, not MacClymont, and Gaspar Correia, not Correa, and Charles Edwards Lester, not Charles Lester Edwards). This article is one of his targets, please watch for removal of valid references and adding of the spam references by ''new'' users or IP's. The books spammed so far are: * [[Ferdinand Magellan|Magellan]] (2008) by Francis Guillemard (''died 1933''), Antonio Pigafetta (''died 1534''), Francisco Albo (''contemporary of Magellan''), Gaspar Correa (''contemporary of Magellan''), '''Keith Bridgeman''' (Editor) and Tahira Arsham (Editor); <nowiki>ISBN 978-1906421007</nowiki> * [[Amerigo Vespucci]] (2009) by Charles Lester Edwards (''died 1890''), Amerigo Vespucci (''died 1512''), '''Keith Bridgeman''' (Editor) and Tahira Arsham (Editor); <nowiki>ISBN 978-1906421021</nowiki> * [[Pedro Cabral]] (2009) by James Roxburgh MacClymont (''out of copyright author''), William Brooks Greenlee (''edited around 1939''), Pero Vaz de Caminha (''died 1500''), '''Keith Bridgeman''' (Editor), and Tahira Arsham (Editor);<nowiki>ISBN 978-1906421014</nowiki> Please watch for removal of valid references and replacement with spam, and revert accordingly. As for the identity of the spammer and vandal General Tojo: *'''Keith Bridgeman, London''' is the editor of all the books spammed by General Tojo *'''Keith Bridgeman, London''' is the owner of the publishing house publishing the books spammed by General Tojo *'''Keith Bridgeman, London''' is the owner of some [[Parkinson's disease]] patents spammed by General Tojo on Wikipedia for quite a few years now *'''Keith Bridgeman, London''' is also the owner of the web page advertising both the Parkinson stuff and the books spammed by General Tojo. For details see [[:en:Category:Wikipedia sockpuppets of General Tojo]] -- [[:en:user:Chris 73|Chris 73]] 11:27, 3. Okt. 2009 (CEST) ==rebellionem?== Can I ask what is the issue? Fonte an Latinitate?Gratias ago.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 23:54, 23 Februarii 2012 (UTC) :In "Hunc rebellionem," ''hunc'' is masculine but ''rebellionem'' is feminine, and the ''hunc'' is a surprise, as no revolt has been mentioned. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:13, 8 Iulii 2026 (UTC) You are correct ! emendum est!---[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) ==Quid significat?== "Puero tirocinio stipendio Regina Leonora eductus erat" = 'He had been led out to a boy for inexperience by means of a stipend (with regard to) Queen Leonora'? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:08, 8 Iulii 2026 (UTC) :Why interpret as led out to a boy? Puero is in the Ablative of Time. 'When he was a boy'......, as a trainee, he was receiving a stipend from the Queen Leonara and was brought up. Maybe I should put more prepositions eg , Cum puero tirocinio, stipendio erat ab Regina Leonora et eductus erat. Usually only 1 'erat' would be needed but to make it clear, let us put two.---[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) ::"Why interpret as led out to a boy?" Because ''educere'' is a verb meaning 'to lead out'; ''puer'' isn't a unit of time and therefore doesn't take the Ablative of Time. An Ablative Asolute might be closer to the mark, and then you have "Cum, puero tirocinio," = 'When, a/the boy [being] an inexperience', but then the subject of the sentence must be someone other than that boy, and ''tirocinio'' still isn't right: ''tirocinium'' = 'the state of a beginner, inexperience, apprenticeship'. So "Cum, puero tirocinio, stipendio erat[,] ab Regina Leonora et eductus erat" = 'When, a/the boy [being] an apprenticeship, [someone else] was by means of a stipend had even been led out by Queen Leonora'? (It can be fun to translate what the syntax is ''actually'' saying!) Even so, 'apprenticeship' isn't right, and this ''erat'' after ''cum'' is problematic. Maybe you mean something like "Puer, cum tiro esset, stipendio a Regina Leonora concesso eruditus est"? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:16, 9 Iulii 2026 (UTC) (Bedeutet:) When/As a boy, he was trained as a "page"/(squire?) while given a stipend by Queen Leonara. :''puer'' isn't a unit of time and therefore doesn't take the Ablative of Time.;You know the original word was '''Puero'''(When he was a boy/As a boy). Perhaps a comma would have clarified? Puero",".... Why can't use tirocino? Wouldn't he Ablative applied here appropriate to mean 'state'( of apprenticeship)? ---[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) ;educare vs eruditus: Please!! It is correct that educare means lead out, but it also means "bring up o rear as a child" Please leave it this way. Eruditus means learned in a scholastic academic way. Please avoid this in this article.---[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) ==Thanks & Rewrite == Thank you IacobusAmor for your valuable corrections and insights. I will correct and do some rewrites within the month.---[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 0jivmd3e2s05ybtxihfbv5ths7dowgf 3971927 3971926 2026-07-14T06:37:21Z Jondel 452 /* Quid significat? */ 3971927 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Bad Book Spam warning == <small>(My apologies for this message being in English)</small> The vandal [[:en:Category:Wikipedia sockpuppets of General Tojo|General Tojo]] is spamming Wikipedia by removing references and adding his books as the only reference. The books are nothing more than reprints of out of copyright sources, with spelling errors from the title page on forward (For example it is James McClymont, not MacClymont, and Gaspar Correia, not Correa, and Charles Edwards Lester, not Charles Lester Edwards). This article is one of his targets, please watch for removal of valid references and adding of the spam references by ''new'' users or IP's. The books spammed so far are: * [[Ferdinand Magellan|Magellan]] (2008) by Francis Guillemard (''died 1933''), Antonio Pigafetta (''died 1534''), Francisco Albo (''contemporary of Magellan''), Gaspar Correa (''contemporary of Magellan''), '''Keith Bridgeman''' (Editor) and Tahira Arsham (Editor); <nowiki>ISBN 978-1906421007</nowiki> * [[Amerigo Vespucci]] (2009) by Charles Lester Edwards (''died 1890''), Amerigo Vespucci (''died 1512''), '''Keith Bridgeman''' (Editor) and Tahira Arsham (Editor); <nowiki>ISBN 978-1906421021</nowiki> * [[Pedro Cabral]] (2009) by James Roxburgh MacClymont (''out of copyright author''), William Brooks Greenlee (''edited around 1939''), Pero Vaz de Caminha (''died 1500''), '''Keith Bridgeman''' (Editor), and Tahira Arsham (Editor);<nowiki>ISBN 978-1906421014</nowiki> Please watch for removal of valid references and replacement with spam, and revert accordingly. As for the identity of the spammer and vandal General Tojo: *'''Keith Bridgeman, London''' is the editor of all the books spammed by General Tojo *'''Keith Bridgeman, London''' is the owner of the publishing house publishing the books spammed by General Tojo *'''Keith Bridgeman, London''' is the owner of some [[Parkinson's disease]] patents spammed by General Tojo on Wikipedia for quite a few years now *'''Keith Bridgeman, London''' is also the owner of the web page advertising both the Parkinson stuff and the books spammed by General Tojo. For details see [[:en:Category:Wikipedia sockpuppets of General Tojo]] -- [[:en:user:Chris 73|Chris 73]] 11:27, 3. Okt. 2009 (CEST) ==rebellionem?== Can I ask what is the issue? Fonte an Latinitate?Gratias ago.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 23:54, 23 Februarii 2012 (UTC) :In "Hunc rebellionem," ''hunc'' is masculine but ''rebellionem'' is feminine, and the ''hunc'' is a surprise, as no revolt has been mentioned. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:13, 8 Iulii 2026 (UTC) You are correct ! emendum est!---[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) ==Quid significat?== "Puero tirocinio stipendio Regina Leonora eductus erat" = 'He had been led out to a boy for inexperience by means of a stipend (with regard to) Queen Leonora'? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:08, 8 Iulii 2026 (UTC) :Why interpret as led out to a boy? Puero is in the Ablative of Time. 'When he was a boy'......, as a trainee, he was receiving a stipend from the Queen Leonara and was brought up. Maybe I should put more prepositions eg , Cum puero tirocinio, stipendio erat ab Regina Leonora et eductus erat. Usually only 1 'erat' would be needed but to make it clear, let us put two.---[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) ::"Why interpret as led out to a boy?" Because ''educere'' is a verb meaning 'to lead out'; ''puer'' isn't a unit of time and therefore doesn't take the Ablative of Time. An Ablative Asolute might be closer to the mark, and then you have "Cum, puero tirocinio," = 'When, a/the boy [being] an inexperience', but then the subject of the sentence must be someone other than that boy, and ''tirocinio'' still isn't right: ''tirocinium'' = 'the state of a beginner, inexperience, apprenticeship'. So "Cum, puero tirocinio, stipendio erat[,] ab Regina Leonora et eductus erat" = 'When, a/the boy [being] an apprenticeship, [someone else] was by means of a stipend had even been led out by Queen Leonora'? (It can be fun to translate what the syntax is ''actually'' saying!) Even so, 'apprenticeship' isn't right, and this ''erat'' after ''cum'' is problematic. Maybe you mean something like "Puer, cum tiro esset, stipendio a Regina Leonora concesso eruditus est"? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:16, 9 Iulii 2026 (UTC) (Bedeutet:) When/As a boy, he was trained as a "page"/(squire?) while given a stipend by Queen Leonara. :''puer'' isn't a unit of time and therefore doesn't take the Ablative of Time.;You know the original word was '''Puero'''(When he was a boy/As a boy). Perhaps a comma would have clarified? Puero",".... Why can't use tirocino? Wouldn't he Ablative applied here appropriate to mean 'state'( of apprenticeship)? ---[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) ;educatus vs eruditus: Please!! It is correct that educare means lead out, but it also means "bring up o rear as a child" Please leave it this way. Eruditus means learned in a scholastic academic way. Please avoid this in this article.---[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) ==Thanks & Rewrite == Thank you IacobusAmor for your valuable corrections and insights. I will correct and do some rewrites within the month.---[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 4xcpbwijkwzc624pqxprgw5kfjd31v4 3971930 3971927 2026-07-14T06:54:31Z Jondel 452 /* Thanks & Rewrite */ 3971930 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Bad Book Spam warning == <small>(My apologies for this message being in English)</small> The vandal [[:en:Category:Wikipedia sockpuppets of General Tojo|General Tojo]] is spamming Wikipedia by removing references and adding his books as the only reference. The books are nothing more than reprints of out of copyright sources, with spelling errors from the title page on forward (For example it is James McClymont, not MacClymont, and Gaspar Correia, not Correa, and Charles Edwards Lester, not Charles Lester Edwards). This article is one of his targets, please watch for removal of valid references and adding of the spam references by ''new'' users or IP's. The books spammed so far are: * [[Ferdinand Magellan|Magellan]] (2008) by Francis Guillemard (''died 1933''), Antonio Pigafetta (''died 1534''), Francisco Albo (''contemporary of Magellan''), Gaspar Correa (''contemporary of Magellan''), '''Keith Bridgeman''' (Editor) and Tahira Arsham (Editor); <nowiki>ISBN 978-1906421007</nowiki> * [[Amerigo Vespucci]] (2009) by Charles Lester Edwards (''died 1890''), Amerigo Vespucci (''died 1512''), '''Keith Bridgeman''' (Editor) and Tahira Arsham (Editor); <nowiki>ISBN 978-1906421021</nowiki> * [[Pedro Cabral]] (2009) by James Roxburgh MacClymont (''out of copyright author''), William Brooks Greenlee (''edited around 1939''), Pero Vaz de Caminha (''died 1500''), '''Keith Bridgeman''' (Editor), and Tahira Arsham (Editor);<nowiki>ISBN 978-1906421014</nowiki> Please watch for removal of valid references and replacement with spam, and revert accordingly. As for the identity of the spammer and vandal General Tojo: *'''Keith Bridgeman, London''' is the editor of all the books spammed by General Tojo *'''Keith Bridgeman, London''' is the owner of the publishing house publishing the books spammed by General Tojo *'''Keith Bridgeman, London''' is the owner of some [[Parkinson's disease]] patents spammed by General Tojo on Wikipedia for quite a few years now *'''Keith Bridgeman, London''' is also the owner of the web page advertising both the Parkinson stuff and the books spammed by General Tojo. For details see [[:en:Category:Wikipedia sockpuppets of General Tojo]] -- [[:en:user:Chris 73|Chris 73]] 11:27, 3. Okt. 2009 (CEST) ==rebellionem?== Can I ask what is the issue? Fonte an Latinitate?Gratias ago.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 23:54, 23 Februarii 2012 (UTC) :In "Hunc rebellionem," ''hunc'' is masculine but ''rebellionem'' is feminine, and the ''hunc'' is a surprise, as no revolt has been mentioned. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:13, 8 Iulii 2026 (UTC) You are correct ! emendum est!---[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) ==Quid significat?== "Puero tirocinio stipendio Regina Leonora eductus erat" = 'He had been led out to a boy for inexperience by means of a stipend (with regard to) Queen Leonora'? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:08, 8 Iulii 2026 (UTC) :Why interpret as led out to a boy? Puero is in the Ablative of Time. 'When he was a boy'......, as a trainee, he was receiving a stipend from the Queen Leonara and was brought up. Maybe I should put more prepositions eg , Cum puero tirocinio, stipendio erat ab Regina Leonora et eductus erat. Usually only 1 'erat' would be needed but to make it clear, let us put two.---[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) ::"Why interpret as led out to a boy?" Because ''educere'' is a verb meaning 'to lead out'; ''puer'' isn't a unit of time and therefore doesn't take the Ablative of Time. An Ablative Asolute might be closer to the mark, and then you have "Cum, puero tirocinio," = 'When, a/the boy [being] an inexperience', but then the subject of the sentence must be someone other than that boy, and ''tirocinio'' still isn't right: ''tirocinium'' = 'the state of a beginner, inexperience, apprenticeship'. So "Cum, puero tirocinio, stipendio erat[,] ab Regina Leonora et eductus erat" = 'When, a/the boy [being] an apprenticeship, [someone else] was by means of a stipend had even been led out by Queen Leonora'? (It can be fun to translate what the syntax is ''actually'' saying!) Even so, 'apprenticeship' isn't right, and this ''erat'' after ''cum'' is problematic. Maybe you mean something like "Puer, cum tiro esset, stipendio a Regina Leonora concesso eruditus est"? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:16, 9 Iulii 2026 (UTC) (Bedeutet:) When/As a boy, he was trained as a "page"/(squire?) while given a stipend by Queen Leonara. :''puer'' isn't a unit of time and therefore doesn't take the Ablative of Time.;You know the original word was '''Puero'''(When he was a boy/As a boy). Perhaps a comma would have clarified? Puero",".... Why can't use tirocino? Wouldn't he Ablative applied here appropriate to mean 'state'( of apprenticeship)? ---[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) ;educatus vs eruditus: Please!! It is correct that educare means lead out, but it also means "bring up o rear as a child" Please leave it this way. Eruditus means learned in a scholastic academic way. Please avoid this in this article.---[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) ==Thanks & Rewrite == Thank you IacobusAmor for your valuable corrections and insights. I will correct and do some rewrites within the month.---[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) ==meruit:serve as a soldier== Can I ask what the issue is before I rewrite? Are we clear that meruit means 'serve as a soldier?== :stipedium denuo sub Navarcho Almeida, Sequira, Serrano, gubernatore Albae Quercus meruit.; He serve with a stipend again under Captain Almeida Sequira Serrano and under governor Alba Querco. I will be rewriting this.---[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) iwmb56uu1kff3imgflxa92q0kzseuue 3971932 3971930 2026-07-14T07:37:18Z Jondel 452 /* Vocabulary */ nova pars 3971932 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Bad Book Spam warning == <small>(My apologies for this message being in English)</small> The vandal [[:en:Category:Wikipedia sockpuppets of General Tojo|General Tojo]] is spamming Wikipedia by removing references and adding his books as the only reference. The books are nothing more than reprints of out of copyright sources, with spelling errors from the title page on forward (For example it is James McClymont, not MacClymont, and Gaspar Correia, not Correa, and Charles Edwards Lester, not Charles Lester Edwards). This article is one of his targets, please watch for removal of valid references and adding of the spam references by ''new'' users or IP's. The books spammed so far are: * [[Ferdinand Magellan|Magellan]] (2008) by Francis Guillemard (''died 1933''), Antonio Pigafetta (''died 1534''), Francisco Albo (''contemporary of Magellan''), Gaspar Correa (''contemporary of Magellan''), '''Keith Bridgeman''' (Editor) and Tahira Arsham (Editor); <nowiki>ISBN 978-1906421007</nowiki> * [[Amerigo Vespucci]] (2009) by Charles Lester Edwards (''died 1890''), Amerigo Vespucci (''died 1512''), '''Keith Bridgeman''' (Editor) and Tahira Arsham (Editor); <nowiki>ISBN 978-1906421021</nowiki> * [[Pedro Cabral]] (2009) by James Roxburgh MacClymont (''out of copyright author''), William Brooks Greenlee (''edited around 1939''), Pero Vaz de Caminha (''died 1500''), '''Keith Bridgeman''' (Editor), and Tahira Arsham (Editor);<nowiki>ISBN 978-1906421014</nowiki> Please watch for removal of valid references and replacement with spam, and revert accordingly. As for the identity of the spammer and vandal General Tojo: *'''Keith Bridgeman, London''' is the editor of all the books spammed by General Tojo *'''Keith Bridgeman, London''' is the owner of the publishing house publishing the books spammed by General Tojo *'''Keith Bridgeman, London''' is the owner of some [[Parkinson's disease]] patents spammed by General Tojo on Wikipedia for quite a few years now *'''Keith Bridgeman, London''' is also the owner of the web page advertising both the Parkinson stuff and the books spammed by General Tojo. For details see [[:en:Category:Wikipedia sockpuppets of General Tojo]] -- [[:en:user:Chris 73|Chris 73]] 11:27, 3. Okt. 2009 (CEST) ==rebellionem?== Can I ask what is the issue? Fonte an Latinitate?Gratias ago.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 23:54, 23 Februarii 2012 (UTC) :In "Hunc rebellionem," ''hunc'' is masculine but ''rebellionem'' is feminine, and the ''hunc'' is a surprise, as no revolt has been mentioned. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:13, 8 Iulii 2026 (UTC) You are correct ! emendum est!---[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) ==Quid significat?== "Puero tirocinio stipendio Regina Leonora eductus erat" = 'He had been led out to a boy for inexperience by means of a stipend (with regard to) Queen Leonora'? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:08, 8 Iulii 2026 (UTC) :Why interpret as led out to a boy? Puero is in the Ablative of Time. 'When he was a boy'......, as a trainee, he was receiving a stipend from the Queen Leonara and was brought up. Maybe I should put more prepositions eg , Cum puero tirocinio, stipendio erat ab Regina Leonora et eductus erat. Usually only 1 'erat' would be needed but to make it clear, let us put two.---[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) ::"Why interpret as led out to a boy?" Because ''educere'' is a verb meaning 'to lead out'; ''puer'' isn't a unit of time and therefore doesn't take the Ablative of Time. An Ablative Asolute might be closer to the mark, and then you have "Cum, puero tirocinio," = 'When, a/the boy [being] an inexperience', but then the subject of the sentence must be someone other than that boy, and ''tirocinio'' still isn't right: ''tirocinium'' = 'the state of a beginner, inexperience, apprenticeship'. So "Cum, puero tirocinio, stipendio erat[,] ab Regina Leonora et eductus erat" = 'When, a/the boy [being] an apprenticeship, [someone else] was by means of a stipend had even been led out by Queen Leonora'? (It can be fun to translate what the syntax is ''actually'' saying!) Even so, 'apprenticeship' isn't right, and this ''erat'' after ''cum'' is problematic. Maybe you mean something like "Puer, cum tiro esset, stipendio a Regina Leonora concesso eruditus est"? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:16, 9 Iulii 2026 (UTC) (Bedeutet:) When/As a boy, he was trained as a "page"/(squire?) while given a stipend by Queen Leonara. :''puer'' isn't a unit of time and therefore doesn't take the Ablative of Time.;You know the original word was '''Puero'''(When he was a boy/As a boy). Perhaps a comma would have clarified? Puero",".... Why can't use tirocino? Wouldn't he Ablative applied here appropriate to mean 'state'( of apprenticeship)? ---[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) ;educatus vs eruditus: Please!! It is correct that educare means lead out, but it also means "bring up o rear as a child" Please leave it this way. Eruditus means learned in a scholastic academic way. Please avoid this in this article.---[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) ==Thanks & Rewrite == Thank you IacobusAmor for your valuable corrections and insights. I will correct and do some rewrites within the month.---[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) ==meruit:serve as a soldier== Can I ask what the issue is before I rewrite? Are we clear that meruit means 'serve as a soldier?== :stipedium denuo sub Navarcho Almeida, Sequira, Serrano, gubernatore Albae Quercus meruit.; He serve with a stipend again under Captain Almeida Sequira Serrano and under governor Alba Querco. I will be rewriting this.---[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) == Vocabulary == Gr :paidion>ML>pagius(boy-attendant >ENG>page(junior/attendant knight). [[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 07:37, 14 Iulii 2026 (UTC) 2yiks9sxqkndjc6dp5ijx3q6uwrupfm 3971933 3971932 2026-07-14T07:39:24Z Jondel 452 /* Vocabulary */ 3971933 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Bad Book Spam warning == <small>(My apologies for this message being in English)</small> The vandal [[:en:Category:Wikipedia sockpuppets of General Tojo|General Tojo]] is spamming Wikipedia by removing references and adding his books as the only reference. The books are nothing more than reprints of out of copyright sources, with spelling errors from the title page on forward (For example it is James McClymont, not MacClymont, and Gaspar Correia, not Correa, and Charles Edwards Lester, not Charles Lester Edwards). This article is one of his targets, please watch for removal of valid references and adding of the spam references by ''new'' users or IP's. The books spammed so far are: * [[Ferdinand Magellan|Magellan]] (2008) by Francis Guillemard (''died 1933''), Antonio Pigafetta (''died 1534''), Francisco Albo (''contemporary of Magellan''), Gaspar Correa (''contemporary of Magellan''), '''Keith Bridgeman''' (Editor) and Tahira Arsham (Editor); <nowiki>ISBN 978-1906421007</nowiki> * [[Amerigo Vespucci]] (2009) by Charles Lester Edwards (''died 1890''), Amerigo Vespucci (''died 1512''), '''Keith Bridgeman''' (Editor) and Tahira Arsham (Editor); <nowiki>ISBN 978-1906421021</nowiki> * [[Pedro Cabral]] (2009) by James Roxburgh MacClymont (''out of copyright author''), William Brooks Greenlee (''edited around 1939''), Pero Vaz de Caminha (''died 1500''), '''Keith Bridgeman''' (Editor), and Tahira Arsham (Editor);<nowiki>ISBN 978-1906421014</nowiki> Please watch for removal of valid references and replacement with spam, and revert accordingly. As for the identity of the spammer and vandal General Tojo: *'''Keith Bridgeman, London''' is the editor of all the books spammed by General Tojo *'''Keith Bridgeman, London''' is the owner of the publishing house publishing the books spammed by General Tojo *'''Keith Bridgeman, London''' is the owner of some [[Parkinson's disease]] patents spammed by General Tojo on Wikipedia for quite a few years now *'''Keith Bridgeman, London''' is also the owner of the web page advertising both the Parkinson stuff and the books spammed by General Tojo. For details see [[:en:Category:Wikipedia sockpuppets of General Tojo]] -- [[:en:user:Chris 73|Chris 73]] 11:27, 3. Okt. 2009 (CEST) ==rebellionem?== Can I ask what is the issue? Fonte an Latinitate?Gratias ago.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 23:54, 23 Februarii 2012 (UTC) :In "Hunc rebellionem," ''hunc'' is masculine but ''rebellionem'' is feminine, and the ''hunc'' is a surprise, as no revolt has been mentioned. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:13, 8 Iulii 2026 (UTC) You are correct ! emendum est!---[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) ==Quid significat?== "Puero tirocinio stipendio Regina Leonora eductus erat" = 'He had been led out to a boy for inexperience by means of a stipend (with regard to) Queen Leonora'? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:08, 8 Iulii 2026 (UTC) :Why interpret as led out to a boy? Puero is in the Ablative of Time. 'When he was a boy'......, as a trainee, he was receiving a stipend from the Queen Leonara and was brought up. Maybe I should put more prepositions eg , Cum puero tirocinio, stipendio erat ab Regina Leonora et eductus erat. Usually only 1 'erat' would be needed but to make it clear, let us put two.---[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) ::"Why interpret as led out to a boy?" Because ''educere'' is a verb meaning 'to lead out'; ''puer'' isn't a unit of time and therefore doesn't take the Ablative of Time. An Ablative Asolute might be closer to the mark, and then you have "Cum, puero tirocinio," = 'When, a/the boy [being] an inexperience', but then the subject of the sentence must be someone other than that boy, and ''tirocinio'' still isn't right: ''tirocinium'' = 'the state of a beginner, inexperience, apprenticeship'. So "Cum, puero tirocinio, stipendio erat[,] ab Regina Leonora et eductus erat" = 'When, a/the boy [being] an apprenticeship, [someone else] was by means of a stipend had even been led out by Queen Leonora'? (It can be fun to translate what the syntax is ''actually'' saying!) Even so, 'apprenticeship' isn't right, and this ''erat'' after ''cum'' is problematic. Maybe you mean something like "Puer, cum tiro esset, stipendio a Regina Leonora concesso eruditus est"? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:16, 9 Iulii 2026 (UTC) (Bedeutet:) When/As a boy, he was trained as a "page"/(squire?) while given a stipend by Queen Leonara. :''puer'' isn't a unit of time and therefore doesn't take the Ablative of Time.;You know the original word was '''Puero'''(When he was a boy/As a boy). Perhaps a comma would have clarified? Puero",".... Why can't use tirocino? Wouldn't he Ablative applied here appropriate to mean 'state'( of apprenticeship)? ---[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) ;educatus vs eruditus: Please!! It is correct that educare means lead out, but it also means "bring up o rear as a child" Please leave it this way. Eruditus means learned in a scholastic academic way. Please avoid this in this article.---[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) ==Thanks & Rewrite == Thank you IacobusAmor for your valuable corrections and insights. I will correct and do some rewrites within the month.---[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) ==meruit:serve as a soldier== Can I ask what the issue is before I rewrite? Are we clear that meruit means 'serve as a soldier?== :stipedium denuo sub Navarcho Almeida, Sequira, Serrano, gubernatore Albae Quercus meruit.; He serve with a stipend again under Captain Almeida Sequira Serrano and under governor Alba Querco. I will be rewriting this.---[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) == Vocabulary == Gr :paidion(youth)>ML>pagius(boy-attendant) >ENG>page(junior/attendant knight). [[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 07:37, 14 Iulii 2026 (UTC) jpt6twg5eqxkqt48slbaexhdixi14uv 3971934 3971933 2026-07-14T08:00:32Z Jondel 452 /* Vocabulary */ 3971934 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Bad Book Spam warning == <small>(My apologies for this message being in English)</small> The vandal [[:en:Category:Wikipedia sockpuppets of General Tojo|General Tojo]] is spamming Wikipedia by removing references and adding his books as the only reference. The books are nothing more than reprints of out of copyright sources, with spelling errors from the title page on forward (For example it is James McClymont, not MacClymont, and Gaspar Correia, not Correa, and Charles Edwards Lester, not Charles Lester Edwards). This article is one of his targets, please watch for removal of valid references and adding of the spam references by ''new'' users or IP's. The books spammed so far are: * [[Ferdinand Magellan|Magellan]] (2008) by Francis Guillemard (''died 1933''), Antonio Pigafetta (''died 1534''), Francisco Albo (''contemporary of Magellan''), Gaspar Correa (''contemporary of Magellan''), '''Keith Bridgeman''' (Editor) and Tahira Arsham (Editor); <nowiki>ISBN 978-1906421007</nowiki> * [[Amerigo Vespucci]] (2009) by Charles Lester Edwards (''died 1890''), Amerigo Vespucci (''died 1512''), '''Keith Bridgeman''' (Editor) and Tahira Arsham (Editor); <nowiki>ISBN 978-1906421021</nowiki> * [[Pedro Cabral]] (2009) by James Roxburgh MacClymont (''out of copyright author''), William Brooks Greenlee (''edited around 1939''), Pero Vaz de Caminha (''died 1500''), '''Keith Bridgeman''' (Editor), and Tahira Arsham (Editor);<nowiki>ISBN 978-1906421014</nowiki> Please watch for removal of valid references and replacement with spam, and revert accordingly. As for the identity of the spammer and vandal General Tojo: *'''Keith Bridgeman, London''' is the editor of all the books spammed by General Tojo *'''Keith Bridgeman, London''' is the owner of the publishing house publishing the books spammed by General Tojo *'''Keith Bridgeman, London''' is the owner of some [[Parkinson's disease]] patents spammed by General Tojo on Wikipedia for quite a few years now *'''Keith Bridgeman, London''' is also the owner of the web page advertising both the Parkinson stuff and the books spammed by General Tojo. For details see [[:en:Category:Wikipedia sockpuppets of General Tojo]] -- [[:en:user:Chris 73|Chris 73]] 11:27, 3. Okt. 2009 (CEST) ==rebellionem?== Can I ask what is the issue? Fonte an Latinitate?Gratias ago.--[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] 23:54, 23 Februarii 2012 (UTC) :In "Hunc rebellionem," ''hunc'' is masculine but ''rebellionem'' is feminine, and the ''hunc'' is a surprise, as no revolt has been mentioned. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:13, 8 Iulii 2026 (UTC) You are correct ! emendum est!---[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) ==Quid significat?== "Puero tirocinio stipendio Regina Leonora eductus erat" = 'He had been led out to a boy for inexperience by means of a stipend (with regard to) Queen Leonora'? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:08, 8 Iulii 2026 (UTC) :Why interpret as led out to a boy? Puero is in the Ablative of Time. 'When he was a boy'......, as a trainee, he was receiving a stipend from the Queen Leonara and was brought up. Maybe I should put more prepositions eg , Cum puero tirocinio, stipendio erat ab Regina Leonora et eductus erat. Usually only 1 'erat' would be needed but to make it clear, let us put two.---[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) ::"Why interpret as led out to a boy?" Because ''educere'' is a verb meaning 'to lead out'; ''puer'' isn't a unit of time and therefore doesn't take the Ablative of Time. An Ablative Asolute might be closer to the mark, and then you have "Cum, puero tirocinio," = 'When, a/the boy [being] an inexperience', but then the subject of the sentence must be someone other than that boy, and ''tirocinio'' still isn't right: ''tirocinium'' = 'the state of a beginner, inexperience, apprenticeship'. So "Cum, puero tirocinio, stipendio erat[,] ab Regina Leonora et eductus erat" = 'When, a/the boy [being] an apprenticeship, [someone else] was by means of a stipend had even been led out by Queen Leonora'? (It can be fun to translate what the syntax is ''actually'' saying!) Even so, 'apprenticeship' isn't right, and this ''erat'' after ''cum'' is problematic. Maybe you mean something like "Puer, cum tiro esset, stipendio a Regina Leonora concesso eruditus est"? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:16, 9 Iulii 2026 (UTC) (Bedeutet:) When/As a boy, he was trained as a "page"/(squire?) while given a stipend by Queen Leonara. :''puer'' isn't a unit of time and therefore doesn't take the Ablative of Time.;You know the original word was '''Puero'''(When he was a boy/As a boy). Perhaps a comma would have clarified? Puero",".... Why can't use tirocino? Wouldn't he Ablative applied here appropriate to mean 'state'( of apprenticeship)? ---[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) ;educatus vs eruditus: Please!! It is correct that educare means lead out, but it also means "bring up o rear as a child" Please leave it this way. Eruditus means learned in a scholastic academic way. Please avoid this in this article.---[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) ==Thanks & Rewrite == Thank you IacobusAmor for your valuable corrections and insights. I will correct and do some rewrites within the month.---[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) ==meruit:serve as a soldier== Can I ask what the issue is before I rewrite? Are we clear that meruit means 'serve as a soldier?== :stipedium denuo sub Navarcho Almeida, Sequira, Serrano, gubernatore Albae Quercus meruit.; He serve with a stipend again under Captain Almeida Sequira Serrano and under governor Alba Querco. I will be rewriting this.---[[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) == Vocabulary == ML>pagius(boy-attendant) >ENG>page(junior/attendant knight). [[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 07:37, 14 Iulii 2026 (UTC) 2g0nkybp4jgfeuode04bwprpj40uj94 0 78663 3971840 3911581 2026-07-13T15:23:10Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3971840 wikitext text/x-wiki {{taxobox |name = ''Piper betle'' |image = Piper betle leaf.jpg |image_caption = Folium ''Piperis betle'' |regnum = [[Plantae]] |unranked_divisio = [[Angiospermae]] |unranked_classis = [[Magnoliidae]] |ordo = [[Piperales]] |familia = [[Piperaceae]] |genus = ''[[Piper (genus)|Piper]]'' |species = '''''P. betle''''' |binomial = ''Piper betle'' |binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]] |}} '''Piper betle''' ([[Lusitanice]] ''bétele'' < [[Malabarice]] {{IAST|veṭṭila}}<ref>{{Hobson}} [https://archive.org/stream/hobsonjobsonagl02croogoog#page/n139/mode/2up pp. 89-90]</ref>) est [[liana]] [[familia (taxinomia)|familiae]] [[Piperaceae|Piperacearum]], quae ''[[Piper nigrum]]'' et ''[[Piper methysticum]]'' comprehendit. Quod [[homo|homines]] ob proprietates psychostimulantes<ref>{{cite web|title=Betelnut - stimulant|url=http://www.kew.org/plant-cultures/plants/betelnut_stimulant.html}}</ref> et [[medicina]]les multum aestimant. Fructus ''[[Areca catechu]]'', [[Folium|foliis]] ''P. betle'' involutus, plerumque in [[Asia]], et alibi in [[tellus|mundo]] a [[migratio|migrantibus]] Asianis, in forma buccellae masticatur. Recentius [[tabacum]] loco ''A. catechu'' adhibetur. Effectus nocivos esse constat. Nam [[addictio]] oriri potest quia [[arecolinum]] ut [[nicotinum]] [[Agonista (biochemia)|agonista]] [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris|receptorii]] nicotinici [[Acetylcholinum|acetylcholini]] in [[Systema nervosum centrale|systemate nervoso centrali]] repertum est. [[Planta]], in [[Indomalaesia]] sive et [[Asia Meridiorientalis|Asia austro-orientali]] orta, est [[liana]] [[planta perennis|perennis]], nitidis [[folium|foliis]] [[cor]]diformibus et [[amentum|amento]] [[albus|albo]] praedita. == Cultus == [[Fasciculus:Piper betle plant.jpg|thumb|left|Liana ''Piperis betel'']] ''Piper betle'' in plurimis Asiae Meridionalis et Meridiorientalis partibus, et in [[Papua Nova Guinea]] [[Melanesia]]que excolitur. Res repens, firmamenti [[arbor]]is convenientis vel longi poli eget. Eius cultus est peculiare [[agricultura]]e genus. == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == ; Fontes antiquiores * 1597 : {{ec|id=Gerard (1597)|c=[[Iohannes Gerardus|John Gerard]], ''[[Herbal (Gerard)|The Herball, or generall historie of plantes]]''. Londinii: John Norton [https://archive.org/stream/mobot31753000817749#page/1356/mode/2up p. 1357] "bastard pepper, called betle or betre"}} * 1753 : {{Linnaeus SP|28}} * 1741-1745 : {{Rumphius}} [https://archive.org/stream/mobot31753000819414#page/n71/mode/2up vol. 1 p. 32], vol. 5 p. 336 et tab. 116; cf. {{Merrill}} [http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/38882613#page/190/mode/1up p. 182] * 1807 : [[Gulielmus Hunter|William Hunter]], "[https://archive.org/stream/asiaticresearche09asia_0#page/382/mode/2up Remarks on the Species of Pepper which are Found on Prince of Wales's Island]" in ''[[Asiatic Researches]]'' vol. 7 pp. 383-393 ; Eruditio recentior * Guha, P. 2006. "Betel leaf: The neglected green gold of India." ''Journal of Human Ecology'' 19(2). [http://www.krepublishers.com/02-Journals/JHE/JHE-19-0-000-000-2006-Web/JHE-19-2-000-000-2006-Abstract-PDF/JHE-19-2-087-093-2006-1405-Guha-P/JHE-19-2-087-093-2006-1405-Guha-P-Text.pdf#search=%22betel%20leaf%20neglected%20gold%22]. * Camille Imbault-Huart, "Le Bétel" in ''T'oung Pao'' vol. 5 (1894) pp. 311-328 [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_cQcMAAAAYAAJ#page/n795/mode/2up Textus] [http://www.jstor.org/stable/4525077 JSTOR] * Marcello Spinella, ''The Psychopharmacology of Herbal Medicine: Plant Drugs That Alter Mind, Brain and Behavior''. Cantabrigiae Massachusettensium: MIT Press, 2001. ISBN 0-262-69265-1 * Thomas J. Zumbroich, "The origin and diffusion of betel chewing: a synthesis of evidence from South Asia, Southeast Asia and beyond" in ''Ejournal of Indian Medicine'' vol. 1 (2007/2008) pp. 87-140 [https://web.archive.org/web/20211127045240/https://rjh.ub.rug.nl/eJIM/article/view/24712/22162 Textus] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat}} {{Vicispecies}} {{Fontes de plantis}} * [http://historyofalcoholanddrugs.typepad.com/alcohol_and_drugs_history/betel/index.html Nuntia de betle] apud ''Alcohol and Drugs History Society'' {{Titulus italicus}} [[Categoria:Flora Indiae]] [[Categoria:Flora Melanesiae]] [[Categoria:Flora Novae Guineae]] [[Categoria:Plantae medicinales]] [[Categoria:Piper]] [[Categoria:Fruges Indomalaesiae]] [[Categoria:Stimulantia]] [[Categoria:Taxa Linnaei]] [[Categoria:Taxa 1753]] [[Categoria:Species plantarum]] [[pl:Betel (używka)]] [[sv:Betel (stimulantia)]] qt468cvadw8l5kvw1bndmeou1v4h162 0 97929 3971886 3894468 2026-07-13T21:20:46Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 /* Coniuncito communis */ 3971886 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:DEU Niederalteich COA.svg|thumb|right|insigne Altahae inferioris]] '''Altaha inferior'''<ref>Ad nomen, vide paginam [[Altaha inferior (abbatia)]]</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Niederalteich'') est [[commune]] [[Bavaria]]e inferioris in [[Circulus terrae|circulo terrae]] [[Circulus terrae Deggendorfensis|Deggendorfio]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Deggendorfensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Deggendorf'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latino toponymo "[[Deggendorfium]]" -ad quod Latinum gentilicium "Deggendorfensis-e" refertur-, vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB10372085?p=485&cq=Candidus,%20Pantaleon&lang=de ''Chronica Bavaricae Capucinorum Provinciae : in brevem summam collecta a religionis institutione usque ad eius resuscitationem''], ubi dicitur "(...) P. Ludovicus Sedlmair Deggendorfensis confessarius semper ei propre esse debuit (...) Testes erant Monachium, Straubinga, Deggendorfium, Bulsanum (...)".</ref>. Commune in ripa sinistra [[Danuvius|Danuvii]] fere quinque chiliometra ab ostio [[Isara (Bavaricus)|Isarae]] fluvii in Danuvium in meridio-orientem versus in infima [[Bohemica silva]] situm est. Vicus paulatim ex homonymo [[monasterium|monasterio]] [[Benedictini|Benedictino]] anno [[731]] (vel [[741]]) ab [[Odilo (dux)|Odilone]] duce Bavariae fundato profectus est. == Cultura et visu digna == * [[Altaha inferior (abbatia)|Abbatia Altaha inferior]] cum basilica barociana (aedificata 1700-1739) * Domus iudicis (aedificata 1705-1706) * Schola abbatis Ioscionis (''Abt-Joscio-Schule'') * Academia Sancti Godehardi (''St.-Gotthard-Gymnasium'') * Domus Sancti Pirmini (''Gäste- und Tagungshaus St. Pirmin'') * Museum Gerardi Neumann de historia aviationis ab anno 1960 usque in hunc diem (''Gerhard-Neumann-Museum'') == Coniuncito communis == *''Abbasvicus inferior''{{FD ref}} (''Niederabsdorf'', [[Austria Inferior]], ab anno 1995): Abbas Ratmundus Altahensis vicum anno 1045 condidit * ''Stauchitium'' ([[Saxonia]], ab anno 1998) == Notae == <references /> {{stipula}} [[Categoria:Bavaria]] 1dqeuvqelm6t2yxyz3tlfwu8ya1szcq 0 99251 3971869 3314558 2026-07-13T19:59:39Z LilyKitty 18316 de origine nominis 3971869 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} <!-- Cave ne astronomicas huius textus mensuras emendes; e formula {{fn|Data Asteroidum 1000}} automatice inseruntur. --> {{Capsa asteroidis |Numerus = 1298 |Genus = Asteroides Cinguli Principalis |Epocha = {{#time:j xg Y| {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1298|epocha}} }} |Axis = {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1298|axis semimaior}} |Perihelion = {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1298|perihelion}} |Aphelion = {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1298|aphelion}} |Periodus = {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1298|periodus}} |Anomalia = {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1298|anomalia media}} |Inclinatio = {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1298|inclinatio}} |Nodus = {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1298|omega}} |Argumentum = {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1298|argumentum}} |Eccentricitas = {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1298|eccentricitas}} |Diametrum = |Massa = |Densitas = |Rotatio h = |Rotatio m = |Tholen = {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1298|spectrum tholen}} |SMASS = {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1298|spectrum smass}} |Magnitudo = {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1298|magnitudo}} |Albedo = {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1298|albedo}} |Repertor = Carolus Gulielmus Reinmuth |Repertorbrevis = C. Reinmuth |Repertor2 = |Repertorbrevis2 = |Repertor3 = |Repertorbrevis3 = |Repertor4 = |Repertorbrevis4 = ; |Dies = {{#time:j xg| {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1298|repertum}} }} |Annus = {{#time:Y| {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1298|repertum}} }} |Designationes = 1934 AE, A904 RA }} '''1298 {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1298|nomen}}''',<ref>[[Nomina asteroidum]] iussu [[Unio Astronomica Internationalis|Unionis Astronomicae Internationalis]] imposita sunt.</ref> olim designationibus '''1934 AE''' et '''A904 RA''' agnitus, est [[asteroides]] [[Systema Solare|systematis solaris]] nostri, [[Asteroides Cinguli Principalis|asteroidibus Cinguli Principalis]] attributus. [[Astronomia|Astronomis]] terrestribus [[magnitudo absoluta|magnitudinem absolutam]] {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1298|magnitudo}} monstrat. Die [[{{#time:j xg| {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1298|repertum}} }}]] [[{{#time:Y| {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1298|repertum}} }}]] a [[Carolus Gulielmus Reinmuth|Carolo Gulielmo Reinmuth]] in [[Observatorium Civitatis Heidelbergae-Konigstulae|Observatorio Civitatis Heidelbergae-Konigstulae]] versato repertus est.<ref>{{Harvard MPC Discovery Circumstances}}</ref> In memoriae modi [[nox|noctis]] nominatus est.<!-- Hic de origine nominis scribendum est. --> Rerum orbitalium ratio [[epocha (astronomia)|epocha]]e {{#time:j xg Y| {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1298|epocha}} }} constitit. Qua epocha 1298 {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1298|nomen}} per dies {{#expr: (365.25 * {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1298|periodus}}) round 0}} circa solem movebatur. Axem orbitalem habebat [[Unitas astronomica|unitatum astronomicarum]] {{#expr: {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1298|axis semimaior}} round 2}} et eccentricitatem {{#expr: {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1298|eccentricitas}} round 2}}, distans igitur a sole [[perihelion|quam minime]] unitatibus {{#expr: {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1298|perihelion}} round 2}}, [[aphelion|quam maxime]] unitatibus {{#expr: {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1298|aphelion}} round 2}}. [[Inclinatio orbitalis]] {{#expr: {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1298|inclinatio}} round 2}}[[gradus (mensura)|&deg;]] reperiebatur, [[anomalia media]] {{#expr: {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1298|anomalia media}} round 2}}&deg;. <!-- Discovered 1934-Jan-07 by Reinmuth, K. at Heidelberg (024) <b>Reference:</b> DISCOVERY.DB <b>Last Updated:</b> 2003-08-29 --> ==Notae== <references/> ==Nexus externi== {{NASA JPL|Data=[http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=1298]}} {{systema solare nostrum}} [[Categoria:Asteroides anno {{#time:Y| {{Data Asteroidum 1000|1298|repertum}} }} reperti]] [[Categoria:Asteroides Cinguli Principalis]] jhjxp6i48glcr2496rkhy0b3k00tx65 0 107086 3971936 3857329 2026-07-14T10:18:45Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3971936 wikitext text/x-wiki {{pro pagina discretiva vide|Fanum Sancti Iuliani (discretiva)}} {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:SanGiulianoMil piazza Vittoria.JPG|thumb|Fanum Sancti Iuliani (Urbs metropolitana Mediolanensis)]] '''Fanum Sancti Iuliani'''<ref>Nomi d'Italia - AAVV, De Agostini</ref><ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=eodYAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=it&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Memorie spettanti alla storia, al governo ed alla descrizione della città, e della campagna di Milano, ne' secoli bassi, Volume 9 (Google eBook) conte Giorgio Giulini, Stamperia di G. Bianchi, 1760]</ref> (deinde ''Fanum Sancti Iuliani Mediolanensium'') ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]] ''[[:it:San Giuliano Milanese|San Giuliano Milanese]]'') est [[Urbes Italiae|Urbs]] [[Italia]]e et [[Commune Italiae|municipium]], circiter 37&thinsp;790 incolarum, in [[Regio Italiae|Regione]] [[Langobardia]] et in [[Urbs metropolitana Mediolanensis|Urbe metropolitana Mediolanensi]] situm. Urbani ''Iulianenses'' vel ''Iulianopolitani'' appellantur. == Ecclesia Catholica Romana == * [[Plebs Sancti Iuliani]] {{NexInt}} * [[Provincia Mediolanensis]] * [[Mediolanum]] * [[Urbes Italiae]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|San Giuliano Milanese|Fanum Sancti Iuliani}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110220002036/http://www.sangiulianonline.it/ Situs interretialis urbis proprius.] == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Fasciculus:Corona di città.svg|''[[Urbs Italiae]]''<ref>D.P.R. [[24 Aprilis]] [[2000]]</ref> Imago:Map of comune of San Giuliano Milanese (province of Milan, region Lombardy, Italy).svg|Collocatio finium municipii in Urbe metropolitana Mediolanensi. </gallery> == Notae == <references /> [[Categoria:Municipia in Urbe metropolitana Mediolanensi]] [[Categoria:Urbes Italiae in Langobardia]] o45azwfpdjrskzsy29xqs79x5ygsepq 0 107207 3971920 3971793 2026-07-14T06:25:25Z Jondel 452 persona >homo, >symbolicus 3971920 wikitext text/x-wiki {{latinitas|-2}}{{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Liu Xiaobo''' ([[Sinice]] 劉曉波 / 刘晓波), natus ''[[Changchun]]'' in [[urbs|urbe]] [[Res Publica Popularis Sinarum|Rei Publicae Popularis Sinarum]] die [[28 Decembris]] [[1955]]; mortuus in ''[[Shenyang]]'' die [[13 Iulii]] [[2017]]) fuit [[scriptor]], [[criticus]], [[iurum humanorum defensor]], et homo symbolicus Rei Publicae Popularis Sinarum administrationis opponentium. Anno [[1989]] rebellionem [[Forum Pacis Caelestis|Fori Pacis Caelestis]] participavit et in custodia datur a ractione. Die [[8 Decembris]] [[2008]], in [[carcer]]em coniectus est pro suo actione "Charta 08", quae [[democratia]]m et [[iura humana]] in [[Res Publica Popularis Sinarum]] postulavit et publice facta est die [[10 Decembris]] 2008, die ubi [[Universa Iurum Humanorum Declaratio]] decreta a [[Consociatio Nationum|Consociatione Nationum]] est. Notus est publice in accipiendo [[Praemium Nobelianum pacis componendae|Praemium Nobelianum Pacis Componendae]]<ref>Tertius laudatus in carcero post [[Carolus de Ossietzky]] et [[Aung San Suu Kyi]]</ref> anno [[2010]] pro actibus [[inviolentia]]e. Et [[Tenzin Gyatso]] et [[Wan Yanhai]] eum approbabant. Mox, die [[13 Iulii]] [[2017]] mortuus est [[cancer|cancro]] [[iecur|iecoris]]<ref>[http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-40597514 Lui Xiaobo, Promnient China dissident dies]</ref> causa, e [[carcer]]o liberatus. == Notae == <references/> {{NexInt}} *[[Captivus conscientiae]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Liu Xiaobo}} * [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2010/ De Liu Xiaobo] in pagina (nobelprize.org) Nobeliano Pacis Praemio dicata {{Ling|Anglice}} {{Lifetime|1955|2017|Liu Xiaobo}} [[Categoria:Praemium Nobelianum Pacis]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Sinarum]] i8l8likw08dgt9b22j25b6x8buu098g 3971921 3971920 2026-07-14T06:26:07Z Jondel 452 3971921 wikitext text/x-wiki {{latinitas|-2}}{{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Liu Xiaobo''' ([[Sinice]] 劉曉波 / 刘晓波), natus ''[[Changchun]]'' in [[urbs|urbe]] [[Res Publica Popularis Sinarum|Rei Publicae Popularis Sinarum]] die [[28 Decembris]] [[1955]]; mortuus in ''[[Shenyang]]'' die [[13 Iulii]] [[2017]]) fuit [[scriptor]], [[criticus]], [[iurum humanorum defensor]], et homo symbolicus Rei Publicae Popularis Sinarum administrationis opponentium. Anno [[1989]] rebellionem [[Forum Pacis Caelestis|Fori Pacis Caelestis]] participavit et in custodia datur a ractione<--?-->. Die [[8 Decembris]] [[2008]], in [[carcer]]em coniectus est pro suo actione "Charta 08", quae [[democratia]]m et [[iura humana]] in [[Res Publica Popularis Sinarum]] postulavit et publice facta est die [[10 Decembris]] 2008, die ubi [[Universa Iurum Humanorum Declaratio]] decreta a [[Consociatio Nationum|Consociatione Nationum]] est. Notus est publice in accipiendo [[Praemium Nobelianum pacis componendae|Praemium Nobelianum Pacis Componendae]]<ref>Tertius laudatus in carcero post [[Carolus de Ossietzky]] et [[Aung San Suu Kyi]]</ref> anno [[2010]] pro actibus [[inviolentia]]e. Et [[Tenzin Gyatso]] et [[Wan Yanhai]] eum approbabant. Mox, die [[13 Iulii]] [[2017]] mortuus est [[cancer|cancro]] [[iecur|iecoris]]<ref>[http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-40597514 Lui Xiaobo, Promnient China dissident dies]</ref> causa, e [[carcer]]o liberatus. == Notae == <references/> {{NexInt}} *[[Captivus conscientiae]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Liu Xiaobo}} * [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2010/ De Liu Xiaobo] in pagina (nobelprize.org) Nobeliano Pacis Praemio dicata {{Ling|Anglice}} {{Lifetime|1955|2017|Liu Xiaobo}} [[Categoria:Praemium Nobelianum Pacis]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Sinarum]] oa3j6j9bkhio1ota3fimd7bzdbzihp9 3971922 3971921 2026-07-14T06:26:24Z Jondel 452 3971922 wikitext text/x-wiki {{latinitas|-2}}{{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Liu Xiaobo''' ([[Sinice]] 劉曉波 / 刘晓波), natus ''[[Changchun]]'' in [[urbs|urbe]] [[Res Publica Popularis Sinarum|Rei Publicae Popularis Sinarum]] die [[28 Decembris]] [[1955]]; mortuus in ''[[Shenyang]]'' die [[13 Iulii]] [[2017]]) fuit [[scriptor]], [[criticus]], [[iurum humanorum defensor]], et homo symbolicus Rei Publicae Popularis Sinarum administrationis opponentium. Anno [[1989]] rebellionem [[Forum Pacis Caelestis|Fori Pacis Caelestis]] participavit et in custodia datur a ractione<-?->. Die [[8 Decembris]] [[2008]], in [[carcer]]em coniectus est pro suo actione "Charta 08", quae [[democratia]]m et [[iura humana]] in [[Res Publica Popularis Sinarum]] postulavit et publice facta est die [[10 Decembris]] 2008, die ubi [[Universa Iurum Humanorum Declaratio]] decreta a [[Consociatio Nationum|Consociatione Nationum]] est. Notus est publice in accipiendo [[Praemium Nobelianum pacis componendae|Praemium Nobelianum Pacis Componendae]]<ref>Tertius laudatus in carcero post [[Carolus de Ossietzky]] et [[Aung San Suu Kyi]]</ref> anno [[2010]] pro actibus [[inviolentia]]e. Et [[Tenzin Gyatso]] et [[Wan Yanhai]] eum approbabant. Mox, die [[13 Iulii]] [[2017]] mortuus est [[cancer|cancro]] [[iecur|iecoris]]<ref>[http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-40597514 Lui Xiaobo, Promnient China dissident dies]</ref> causa, e [[carcer]]o liberatus. == Notae == <references/> {{NexInt}} *[[Captivus conscientiae]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Liu Xiaobo}} * [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2010/ De Liu Xiaobo] in pagina (nobelprize.org) Nobeliano Pacis Praemio dicata {{Ling|Anglice}} {{Lifetime|1955|2017|Liu Xiaobo}} [[Categoria:Praemium Nobelianum Pacis]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Sinarum]] 78p0t5eq4dz2y7j9qsit38y5uujg42y 3971923 3971922 2026-07-14T06:26:42Z Jondel 452 3971923 wikitext text/x-wiki {{latinitas|-2}}{{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Liu Xiaobo''' ([[Sinice]] 劉曉波 / 刘晓波), natus ''[[Changchun]]'' in [[urbs|urbe]] [[Res Publica Popularis Sinarum|Rei Publicae Popularis Sinarum]] die [[28 Decembris]] [[1955]]; mortuus in ''[[Shenyang]]'' die [[13 Iulii]] [[2017]]) fuit [[scriptor]], [[criticus]], [[iurum humanorum defensor]], et homo symbolicus Rei Publicae Popularis Sinarum administrationis opponentium. Anno [[1989]] rebellionem [[Forum Pacis Caelestis|Fori Pacis Caelestis]] participavit et in custodia datur a ractione<?>. Die [[8 Decembris]] [[2008]], in [[carcer]]em coniectus est pro suo actione "Charta 08", quae [[democratia]]m et [[iura humana]] in [[Res Publica Popularis Sinarum]] postulavit et publice facta est die [[10 Decembris]] 2008, die ubi [[Universa Iurum Humanorum Declaratio]] decreta a [[Consociatio Nationum|Consociatione Nationum]] est. Notus est publice in accipiendo [[Praemium Nobelianum pacis componendae|Praemium Nobelianum Pacis Componendae]]<ref>Tertius laudatus in carcero post [[Carolus de Ossietzky]] et [[Aung San Suu Kyi]]</ref> anno [[2010]] pro actibus [[inviolentia]]e. Et [[Tenzin Gyatso]] et [[Wan Yanhai]] eum approbabant. Mox, die [[13 Iulii]] [[2017]] mortuus est [[cancer|cancro]] [[iecur|iecoris]]<ref>[http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-40597514 Lui Xiaobo, Promnient China dissident dies]</ref> causa, e [[carcer]]o liberatus. == Notae == <references/> {{NexInt}} *[[Captivus conscientiae]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Liu Xiaobo}} * [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2010/ De Liu Xiaobo] in pagina (nobelprize.org) Nobeliano Pacis Praemio dicata {{Ling|Anglice}} {{Lifetime|1955|2017|Liu Xiaobo}} [[Categoria:Praemium Nobelianum Pacis]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Sinarum]] 6dmwv5ij7dwqydkvyet4d3yehzqs28o 3971924 3971923 2026-07-14T06:28:03Z Jondel 452 3971924 wikitext text/x-wiki {{latinitas|-2}}{{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Liu Xiaobo''' ([[Sinice]] 劉曉波 / 刘晓波), natus ''[[Changchun]]'' in [[urbs|urbe]] [[Res Publica Popularis Sinarum|Rei Publicae Popularis Sinarum]] die [[28 Decembris]] [[1955]]; mortuus in ''[[Shenyang]]'' die [[13 Iulii]] [[2017]]) fuit [[scriptor]], [[criticus]], [[iurum humanorum defensor]], et homo symbolicus Rei Publicae Popularis Sinarum administrationis opponentium. Anno [[1989]] rebellionem [[Forum Pacis Caelestis|Fori Pacis Caelestis]] participavit et in custodia datur a ractione{{dubsig}}. Die [[8 Decembris]] [[2008]], in [[carcer]]em coniectus est pro suo actione "Charta 08", quae [[democratia]]m et [[iura humana]] in [[Res Publica Popularis Sinarum]] postulavit et publice facta est die [[10 Decembris]] 2008, die ubi [[Universa Iurum Humanorum Declaratio]] decreta a [[Consociatio Nationum|Consociatione Nationum]] est. Notus est publice in accipiendo [[Praemium Nobelianum pacis componendae|Praemium Nobelianum Pacis Componendae]]<ref>Tertius laudatus in carcero post [[Carolus de Ossietzky]] et [[Aung San Suu Kyi]]</ref> anno [[2010]] pro actibus [[inviolentia]]e. Et [[Tenzin Gyatso]] et [[Wan Yanhai]] eum approbabant. Mox, die [[13 Iulii]] [[2017]] mortuus est [[cancer|cancro]] [[iecur|iecoris]]<ref>[http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-40597514 Lui Xiaobo, Promnient China dissident dies]</ref> causa, e [[carcer]]o liberatus. == Notae == <references/> {{NexInt}} *[[Captivus conscientiae]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Liu Xiaobo}} * [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2010/ De Liu Xiaobo] in pagina (nobelprize.org) Nobeliano Pacis Praemio dicata {{Ling|Anglice}} {{Lifetime|1955|2017|Liu Xiaobo}} [[Categoria:Praemium Nobelianum Pacis]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Sinarum]] 4cyun9o54hkaowvlmdyoas3n591u66f 0 138635 3971836 3971672 2026-07-13T15:10:36Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De functione */ 3971836 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable floatright" |- ! style="background-color:#d0d0d0;" | Structura '''synapsis''' typicae |- style="text-align: center" | <div style="position: relative;">[[Fasciculus:Synapse Illustration unlabeled.svg|400px|Structura '''synapsis''' typicae]] {{Image label|x=-2.0|y=-193.0|scale=-1|text=[[Densitas postsynaptica|Densitas<br> postsynaptica]]}} {{Image label|x=-2.0|y=-93.0|scale=-1|text=[[Alveus calcio tensione electrica nitens|Alveus calcio<br>tensione electrica<br>nitens]]}} {{Image label|x=-48.0|y=-35.0|scale=-1|text=[[Vesicula synaptica|Vesicula<br> synaptica]]}} {{Image label|x=-240.0|y=-80.0|scale=-1|text=[[Transportator neurotransmissoris|Transportator]]}} {{Image label|x=-259.0|y=-180.0|scale=-1|text=[[Receptorium neurotransmissoris|Receptorium]]}} {{Image label|x=-214.0|y=-24.0|scale=-1|text=[[Neurotransmissor]]}} {{Image label|x=-352.0|y=-80.0|scale=-1|text=[[Bulbulus terminalis]]}} {{Image label|x=-348.0|y=-185.0|scale=-1|text=[[Fissura synaptica]]}} {{Image label|x=-348.0|y=-234.0|scale=-1|text=[[Dendrita]]}}</div> |} '''Synapsis''' (-is, f.) '''chemica'''<ref name="NH">Federative International Committee on Anatomical Terminology (FICAT) (2005). ''Terminologia Histologica. International terms for human cytology and histology.'' Philadelphia/Baltimore/New York/London/Buenos Aires/Hong Kong/Sydney/Tokyo: Wolter Kluwers-Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.</ref> est coniunctio praecipua per quam [[neuron|neura]] inter se et aliis cellulis ut [[Myocytus|myocytis]] vel [[glandula|glandulis]] signa dant. A synapsibus chemicis neura circuitus in [[systema nervosum centrale|systemate nervoso centrali]] formant. Sunt necessaria ad computandum{{dubsig}} [[biologia|biologicum]], quod sensu et [[cogitatio]]ni subsunt. [[Systema nervosum]] alia systemata [[corpus|corporis]] conectit et gubernat. Pleraeque synapsium chemicarum haud parum [[energia]]e consumunt. Pariter mutationes intra synapses electrolytorum magnae sunt. Imprimis multitudo [[ion]]tum [[calcium|calcii]] actionibus [[Canalis ionticus calcii|canalium tensione pendentes calcii]] (abbreviatura internationali ''VGCC'') maxime variatur. Synapsis chemica a [[Synapsis electrica|synapsi electrica]] distinguenda rariore quidem sed quae ut canalis permanens communicationem inter [[Cytoplasma|cytoplasmata]] adiacentium cellularum permittit. Transitus signorum electricorum (et aliorum) in synapsibus electricis celerius fit et [[Synchronismus|synchronismus]] cellularum augetur. == De functione == Synapsis chemica est coniunctio inter duo neura aut inter [[neuron motorium]] et musculum ubi [[fluxus electricus]] ad extremum [[Axon|axonem]] perveniens minimo intervallo inter [[Membrana cellulae|membranas]] utriusque cellulae relicto, fissura vel rima synaptica nominata, interrumpitur atque signo chemico neurotansmissore appellato permutatur per quod signum secundae cellulae adfertur. Membrana citra rimam ad quam signum electricum cessat membrana praesynaptica dicitur, membrana alterius cellulae ultra rimam postsynaptica dicitur. Inter eas patet rima synaptica. Nam [[Potentia actionis|potentia actionis]] ad axonis extremitates cum pervenit [[Tensio electrica|tensionem electricam]] transmembraneam mutat, sic [[Canalis ionticus|canales calcii]] aperiens. Calcio in cellulam intrante processus inchoatur per quem [[Vesicula synaptica|vesiculae neurotransmissorum]] moleculas continentes cum membrana praesynaptica coalescunt, e quo fit ut per [[Exocytosis|exocytosim]] moleculae neurostransmissorum (ut [[acetylcholinum]]) in rimam synapticam effunduntur. Illa signa chemica a [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris|receptoriis]] idoneis in membrana postsynaptica inclusis ligantur. Quae receptoria plerumque cum canalibus ionticis coniuncta sunt, quibus apertis tensio electrica fit quae potentia postsynaptica dicitur (PPS) sive excitans (PPSE) sive inhibens (PPSI), quod tam ex molecula transmissoris quam e natura receptorii pendere solet. Si tensionem cellula quiescente maiorem facit inhibet, si minuit aut adnihilat, excitat hoc est ad actionis potentiam gignendam proniorem facit. Nam potentiae postsynapticae nondum actionis potentiae sunt nec responsum cellulae solae iubent. Multa alia signa e [[Dendritum|dendritis]] ceteris aut e corpore cellulari provenientia prius summanda ac velut in unum temperanda sunt priusquam statuatur utrum cellula postsynaptica et ipsa potentiam actionis per axonem suum mittat annon. Ita synapses chemicae nuntiorum quidem transmeatum lentiorem faciunt sed ad multos nuntios simul in unum colligendos maxime idoneae sunt, quod non facit synapsis electrica quae responsum promptum et unicum in pluribus cellulis exigit. [[Fasciculus:Synapse acetylcholine.png|thumb|Synapsis cholinergica.]] Nuper tamen apparuit et [[Cellula glialis|cellulas gliales]] receptoria neurotransmissorum habere et neurotransmissores emittere. Ita in cerebro cellulae gliales functioni synapticae interveniunt. == Potentia synaptica == Potentia synaptica ''synaptic strength'' (''vis synaptica'') de [[Bernardus Katz|Sir Bernardo Katz]] [[multiplicatio|productum]] ex [[neurotransmissor]]is praesynaptica liberationis probabilitate ''pr'' et quanto singulari ''q'' et numero sitorum liberationis ''n''. Valor potentiae synaptica discendo mutat ([[plasticitas synaptica]]). == Plura legere si cupis == *Alain C. Burette, Thomas Lesperance, John Crum, Maryann Martone, Niels Volkmann, Mark H. Ellisman, Richard J. Weinberg. [[2012]]. "[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/cne.23067?msockid=3c52cef0d54c6e1f074dd9ebd48f6f54 Electron tomographic analysis of synaptic ultrastructure]", ''Journal of comparative neurology'', 2697-2711 *DR Curtis, JW Willis, JC Watkins. [[1959]]. "[https://www.nature.com/articles/183611a0 Chemical Excitation of Spinal Neurones]", ''Nature'': 611–612 *P Fatt, [[Bernardus Katz|B Katz]]. [[1951]]. "[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1392060/ An analysis of the end-plate potential recorded with an intra-cellular electrode]", ''Journal of Physiology'' 115(3):320–370 *B. Katz. [[1969]]. ''The release of neural transmitter substances'', Liverpool University Press, 1969 [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC496609/ Recensio critica] *Ricardo Miledi. [[1973]]. "[https://www.sfn.org/-/media/SfN/Documents/ClassicPapers/SynapticFunction/Miledi1973.ashx?la=en&hash=8E1552860439E39847A816063D06913384642C72 Transmitter release induced by injection of calcium ions into nerve terminals]", ''Proc Biol Sci'': 421–425 . Cf Jade-Ming Jeng, "[https://www.nature.com/articles/nrn706 Ricardo Miledi and the calcium hypothesis of neurotransmitter release]", ''Nature Reviews Neuroscience'', 2002: 71–76 *[[Ervinus Neher|Erwin Neher]] et [[Robertus Sakmann|Bert Sakmann]]. [[1976]]. "[https://www.nature.com/articles/260799a0 Single-channel currents recorded from membrane of denervated frog muscle fibres]", ''Nature'' (260): 799–802 Cf. Luigi Catacuzzeno & Fabio Franciolini "[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00232-025-00362-3 Celebrating 50 Years of Single-Channel Recording with the Patch Clamp]", ''The Journal of Membrane Biology'', 2025: 429–445 * S J Smith, J Buchanan, L R Osses, M P Charlton, G J Augustine. [[1993]]. "[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1160503/?page=1 The spatial distribution of calcium signals in squid presynaptic terminals]", ''Journal of Physiology'': 573–593. *R. Bryan Sutton, Dirk Fasshauer, Reinhard Jahn & Axel T. Brunger. [[1998]]. "[https://atbweb.stanford.edu/atb_publications/sutton_fasshauer_jahn_brunger_1998.pdf Crystal structure of a SNARE complex involved in synaptic exocytosis at 2.4 Å resolution]", ''Nature'': 347–353 *A. Takeuchi, N. Takeuchi. [[1960]]. "[https://physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1113/jphysiol.1960.sp006564 On the permeability of end-plate membrane during the action of transmitter]", ''Journal of Physiology'': 52-67 {{NexInt}} * [[Canalis ionticus calcii]] * [[Mitochondrium]] * [[Iacobus Ramon y Cajal]] * [[Carolus Scott Sherrington]] == Nota == <references/> [[Categoria:Systema nervosum]] 5heh0kdmbuszgb7wsr9k8o6o04gbx43 3971837 3971836 2026-07-13T15:11:15Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3971837 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable floatright" |- ! style="background-color:#d0d0d0;" | Structura '''synapsis''' typicae |- style="text-align: center" | <div style="position: relative;">[[Fasciculus:Synapse Illustration unlabeled.svg|400px|Structura '''synapsis''' typicae]] {{Image label|x=-2.0|y=-193.0|scale=-1|text=[[Densitas postsynaptica|Densitas<br> postsynaptica]]}} {{Image label|x=-2.0|y=-93.0|scale=-1|text=[[Alveus calcio tensione electrica nitens|Alveus calcio<br>tensione electrica<br>nitens]]}} {{Image label|x=-48.0|y=-35.0|scale=-1|text=[[Vesicula synaptica|Vesicula<br> synaptica]]}} {{Image label|x=-240.0|y=-80.0|scale=-1|text=[[Transportator neurotransmissoris|Transportator]]}} {{Image label|x=-259.0|y=-180.0|scale=-1|text=[[Receptorium neurotransmissoris|Receptorium]]}} {{Image label|x=-214.0|y=-24.0|scale=-1|text=[[Neurotransmissor]]}} {{Image label|x=-352.0|y=-80.0|scale=-1|text=[[Bulbulus terminalis]]}} {{Image label|x=-348.0|y=-185.0|scale=-1|text=[[Fissura synaptica]]}} {{Image label|x=-348.0|y=-234.0|scale=-1|text=[[Dendritum|Dendrita]]}}</div> |} '''Synapsis''' (-is, f.) '''chemica'''<ref name="NH">Federative International Committee on Anatomical Terminology (FICAT) (2005). ''Terminologia Histologica. International terms for human cytology and histology.'' Philadelphia/Baltimore/New York/London/Buenos Aires/Hong Kong/Sydney/Tokyo: Wolter Kluwers-Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.</ref> est coniunctio praecipua per quam [[neuron|neura]] inter se et aliis cellulis ut [[Myocytus|myocytis]] vel [[glandula|glandulis]] signa dant. A synapsibus chemicis neura circuitus in [[systema nervosum centrale|systemate nervoso centrali]] formant. Sunt necessaria ad computandum{{dubsig}} [[biologia|biologicum]], quod sensu et [[cogitatio]]ni subsunt. [[Systema nervosum]] alia systemata [[corpus|corporis]] conectit et gubernat. Pleraeque synapsium chemicarum haud parum [[energia]]e consumunt. Pariter mutationes intra synapses electrolytorum magnae sunt. Imprimis multitudo [[ion]]tum [[calcium|calcii]] actionibus [[Canalis ionticus calcii|canalium tensione pendentes calcii]] (abbreviatura internationali ''VGCC'') maxime variatur. Synapsis chemica a [[Synapsis electrica|synapsi electrica]] distinguenda rariore quidem sed quae ut canalis permanens communicationem inter [[Cytoplasma|cytoplasmata]] adiacentium cellularum permittit. Transitus signorum electricorum (et aliorum) in synapsibus electricis celerius fit et [[Synchronismus|synchronismus]] cellularum augetur. == De functione == Synapsis chemica est coniunctio inter duo neura aut inter [[neuron motorium]] et musculum ubi [[fluxus electricus]] ad extremum [[Axon|axonem]] perveniens minimo intervallo inter [[Membrana cellulae|membranas]] utriusque cellulae relicto, fissura vel rima synaptica nominata, interrumpitur atque signo chemico neurotansmissore appellato permutatur per quod signum secundae cellulae adfertur. Membrana citra rimam ad quam signum electricum cessat membrana praesynaptica dicitur, membrana alterius cellulae ultra rimam postsynaptica dicitur. Inter eas patet rima synaptica. Nam [[Potentia actionis|potentia actionis]] ad axonis extremitates cum pervenit [[Tensio electrica|tensionem electricam]] transmembraneam mutat, sic [[Canalis ionticus|canales calcii]] aperiens. Calcio in cellulam intrante processus inchoatur per quem [[Vesicula synaptica|vesiculae neurotransmissorum]] moleculas continentes cum membrana praesynaptica coalescunt, e quo fit ut per [[Exocytosis|exocytosim]] moleculae neurostransmissorum (ut [[acetylcholinum]]) in rimam synapticam effunduntur. Illa signa chemica a [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris|receptoriis]] idoneis in membrana postsynaptica inclusis ligantur. Quae receptoria plerumque cum canalibus ionticis coniuncta sunt, quibus apertis tensio electrica fit quae potentia postsynaptica dicitur (PPS) sive excitans (PPSE) sive inhibens (PPSI), quod tam ex molecula transmissoris quam e natura receptorii pendere solet. Si tensionem cellula quiescente maiorem facit inhibet, si minuit aut adnihilat, excitat hoc est ad actionis potentiam gignendam proniorem facit. Nam potentiae postsynapticae nondum actionis potentiae sunt nec responsum cellulae solae iubent. Multa alia signa e [[Dendritum|dendritis]] ceteris aut e corpore cellulari provenientia prius summanda ac velut in unum temperanda sunt priusquam statuatur utrum cellula postsynaptica et ipsa potentiam actionis per axonem suum mittat annon. Ita synapses chemicae nuntiorum quidem transmeatum lentiorem faciunt sed ad multos nuntios simul in unum colligendos maxime idoneae sunt, quod non facit synapsis electrica quae responsum promptum et unicum in pluribus cellulis exigit. [[Fasciculus:Synapse acetylcholine.png|thumb|Synapsis cholinergica.]] Nuper tamen apparuit et [[Cellula glialis|cellulas gliales]] receptoria neurotransmissorum habere et neurotransmissores emittere. Ita in cerebro cellulae gliales functioni synapticae interveniunt. == Potentia synaptica == Potentia synaptica ''synaptic strength'' (''vis synaptica'') de [[Bernardus Katz|Sir Bernardo Katz]] [[multiplicatio|productum]] ex [[neurotransmissor]]is praesynaptica liberationis probabilitate ''pr'' et quanto singulari ''q'' et numero sitorum liberationis ''n''. Valor potentiae synaptica discendo mutat ([[plasticitas synaptica]]). == Plura legere si cupis == *Alain C. Burette, Thomas Lesperance, John Crum, Maryann Martone, Niels Volkmann, Mark H. Ellisman, Richard J. Weinberg. [[2012]]. "[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/cne.23067?msockid=3c52cef0d54c6e1f074dd9ebd48f6f54 Electron tomographic analysis of synaptic ultrastructure]", ''Journal of comparative neurology'', 2697-2711 *DR Curtis, JW Willis, JC Watkins. [[1959]]. "[https://www.nature.com/articles/183611a0 Chemical Excitation of Spinal Neurones]", ''Nature'': 611–612 *P Fatt, [[Bernardus Katz|B Katz]]. [[1951]]. "[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1392060/ An analysis of the end-plate potential recorded with an intra-cellular electrode]", ''Journal of Physiology'' 115(3):320–370 *B. Katz. [[1969]]. ''The release of neural transmitter substances'', Liverpool University Press, 1969 [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC496609/ Recensio critica] *Ricardo Miledi. [[1973]]. "[https://www.sfn.org/-/media/SfN/Documents/ClassicPapers/SynapticFunction/Miledi1973.ashx?la=en&hash=8E1552860439E39847A816063D06913384642C72 Transmitter release induced by injection of calcium ions into nerve terminals]", ''Proc Biol Sci'': 421–425 . Cf Jade-Ming Jeng, "[https://www.nature.com/articles/nrn706 Ricardo Miledi and the calcium hypothesis of neurotransmitter release]", ''Nature Reviews Neuroscience'', 2002: 71–76 *[[Ervinus Neher|Erwin Neher]] et [[Robertus Sakmann|Bert Sakmann]]. [[1976]]. "[https://www.nature.com/articles/260799a0 Single-channel currents recorded from membrane of denervated frog muscle fibres]", ''Nature'' (260): 799–802 Cf. Luigi Catacuzzeno & Fabio Franciolini "[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00232-025-00362-3 Celebrating 50 Years of Single-Channel Recording with the Patch Clamp]", ''The Journal of Membrane Biology'', 2025: 429–445 * S J Smith, J Buchanan, L R Osses, M P Charlton, G J Augustine. [[1993]]. "[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1160503/?page=1 The spatial distribution of calcium signals in squid presynaptic terminals]", ''Journal of Physiology'': 573–593. *R. Bryan Sutton, Dirk Fasshauer, Reinhard Jahn & Axel T. Brunger. [[1998]]. "[https://atbweb.stanford.edu/atb_publications/sutton_fasshauer_jahn_brunger_1998.pdf Crystal structure of a SNARE complex involved in synaptic exocytosis at 2.4 Å resolution]", ''Nature'': 347–353 *A. Takeuchi, N. Takeuchi. [[1960]]. "[https://physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1113/jphysiol.1960.sp006564 On the permeability of end-plate membrane during the action of transmitter]", ''Journal of Physiology'': 52-67 {{NexInt}} * [[Canalis ionticus calcii]] * [[Mitochondrium]] * [[Iacobus Ramon y Cajal]] * [[Carolus Scott Sherrington]] == Nota == <references/> [[Categoria:Systema nervosum]] jbfcc84kg552fdzhrq0iiowfbngviaf 0 149599 3971916 3906418 2026-07-14T06:15:53Z Jondel 452 /* De itinere */ cuspem=>cuspidem, hanc rebellionem=>Magellanus rebellionem 3971916 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L}} [[Fasciculus:Nao Victoria.jpg|thumb|Replica navis ''Victoriae,'' quae orbem circumnavigavit]] {{res|Expeditio Magellanica}} fuit maritima [[expeditio]] ad expensas [[Monarchia Hispanica|Monarchiae Hispanicae]], prima quae, inter annos [[1519]] et [[1522]] [[Ferdinandus Magellanus|Magellano]] et [[Ioannes Sebastianus Elcano|Elcano]] ducibus, [[tellus|orbem]] circumnavigavit. ==De itinere== Quia rex Portugaliae nolebat expeditioni pecunias donare, Magellanus auxilium petivit [[rex|rege]] Hispanico [[Carolus I (rex Hispaniae)|Carolo]], qui [[22 Martii]] anno [[1519]] [[pecunia]]s et auxilium expeditioni dedit, viam ad [[Asia]]m [[America]]e inveniendae causa. Mox cum navibus [[quinque]] (''Victoria'', ''Trinidad'', ''Concepción'', ''Santiago'', ''San Antonio'') et nautis 269 expeditio in [[Hispalis|Hispali]] convenit. Tum die [[20 Septembris]] classis profecta est ad Americas. Inter nautas erant navarchus vicarius [[Ioannes Sebastianus Elcano|Elcano]] et chronographus supernumerariusque [[Antonius Pigafetta]], qui iter victuri fuissent, et [[Eduardus Barbosa]], qui cum Magellano interfectus esset. [[America Australis|Americam Australem]] attigit et [[Brasilia]]m vitavit, quae tum erat terra Lusitana, mense Novembri [[1519]], et deinde in terras nunc [[Argentina]]m et [[Patagonia]]m navigaverunt. Ibi, nautae contra ducem Magellanum rebellaverunt mense Martio anno [[1520]]. Magellanus rebellionem subiugit, quamquam duas naves amisit. Rebellione deleta mense Novembri anno [[1520]], classis ad fretum advenit quod [[Fretum Magellanicum|nomen]] eius hodie fert. Hoc fretum cuspidem continente dividit et oceanos [[Oceanus Atlanticus|Atlanticum]] et [[Oceanus Pacificus|Pacificum]] coniungit. [[Oceanus Pacificus|Oceanum Pacificum]] attigit, et tranquillitas eius observatus, nomen hodiernam appellavit. Oceanum transientes omnes naves duro magnopere passus erant et alii esurie moriti fuerunt. Die [[13 Februarii]], [[1521]] [[insula]]s adventum quam appellata ab Magellano [[Insulae Latronum]] quod cleptas passus erat ex indigenis (nunc [[Insulae Mariannae|insulae Mariannae]] [[Guama|Guamisque]]). Die [[16 Martii]] [[1521]], insulae 'Homonhon' [[Philippinae|Philippinarum]] adventum ab Magellano est, cum adhunc 150 nautis. Interprete Henrico communicare poterant. Vernaculo rege amicavit, sed apud rixam interfuit, ei pugnante interfectus est. Magellano defuncto, [[Ioannes Sebastianus Elcano]] electus est dux navis ''Victoria'' et iussus est ad Hispaniam navigare, dum Gundisalvus Gómez de Espinosa electus est dux navis ''Trinidad,'' qui cum suis ad Americam redivit. Die [[6 Septembris]] anno [[1522]] navis ''Victoria'' cum 18 nautis in Hispaniam pervenit, itaque prima circumnavigatio orbis facta est. [[Fasciculus:Magellan Elcano Circumnavigation-es.svg|thumb|upright=4|centre|Iter expeditionis Magellanica per orbem]] ==Viri qui in Hispaniam pervenerunt== Ex 269 nautis, 35 tandem regressi sunt in Hispaniam: ===Nautae qui cum Elcano regressi sunt=== *[[Ioannes Sebastianus Elcano]], [[Ipuscoa]]nus ex [[Cetaria (Ipuscoa)|Cetaria]]. *Franciscus Albo, Graecus. *Michael de Rodas, Rhodius. *Ioannes de Acurio, [[Biscaia|Biscainus]] ex [[Bermeum|Bermeo]]. *[[Antonius Pigafetta]], Italus. *Martinus de Yudícibus, Savonensis. *Ferdinandus de Bustamante, [[Emerita Augusta|Emeritensis]]. *Nicholas el Griego, Graecus. *Michael Sánchez de Rodas, Rhodius. *Antonius Hernández Colmenero, [[Onoba|Onubensis]]. *Franciscus Rodríguez, [[Hispalis|Hispalensis]] *Ioannes Rodríguez, [[Onoba|Onubensis]]. *Didacus Carmena, [[Baiona|Baionensis]]. *Ioannes, ex [[Aquisgranum|Aquisgrano]]. *Ioannes de Arratia, Biscainus ex [[Bilbaum|Bilbao]]. *Vascus Gómez Gallego el Portugués, [[Baiona|Baionensis]]. *Ioannes de Santandrés, ex [[Cantabria]]. *Ioannes de Zubileta, ex [[Baracaldo]]ne. ===Nautae capti ab Lusitanis, tandem regressi=== *Martinus Méndez *Petrus de Tolosa *Richardus de Normandie, Francus *Rolandus de Argote, Francus *Magister Petrus *Ioannes Martín *Simon de Burgos *Philippus Rodas *Gómez Hernández *Bocacio Alonso *Petrus de Chindurza, Biscainus *Vasquito ===Nautae qui per Americam regressi sunt anno [[1525]]=== *Gundisalvus Gómez de Espinosa *Leo Pancaldo *Ioannes Rodríguez el Sordo *Genesius de Mafra *Ioannes Vargue, Theodiscus ==Fontes Latini== [[Maximilianus Transylvanus]], qui cum nautis superstitibus [[Valdoletum|Valdoleti]] colloqueretur, epistolam suam ''de admirabili et novissima Hispanorum in Orientem navigatione, qua variae et nulli prius accessae regiones inventae sunt, cum ipsis etiam [[Moluccae|Moluccis insulis]] beatissimis, optimo [[aroma]]tum genere refertis'' (saepe brevius ''de Moluccis insulis'') composuit, a [[Ioannes Baptista Ramusius|Ramusio]] anno [[1523]] editam. {{NexInt}} *[[Conquisitatores Hispani]] *[[Franciscus Drakus]] [[Categoria:Exploratio Oceaniae]] [[Categoria:Exploratio Americae Australis]] [[Categoria:Hispania apud Philippinas]] [[Categoria:Itinera]] n6y74fzudlgucxqwklnvhzrvp2jxs04 3971940 3971916 2026-07-14T10:34:30Z IacobusAmor 1163 ~ 3971940 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L}} [[Fasciculus:Nao Victoria.jpg|thumb|Replica navis ''Victoriae,'' quae tellurem circumnavigavit.]] {{res|Expeditio Magellanica}} fuit maritima [[expeditio]] ad expensas [[Monarchia Hispanica|Monarchiae Hispanicae]], prima quae, inter annos [[1519]] et [[1522]] [[Ferdinandus Magellanus|Magellano]] et [[Ioannes Sebastianus Elcano|Elcano]] ducibus, [[tellus|tellurem]] [[circumnavigatio|circumnavigavit]]. ==De itinere== Quia rex Portugaliae nolebat expeditioni pecunias donare, Magellanus auxilium petivit [[rex|rege]] Hispanico [[Carolus I (rex Hispaniae)|Carolo]], qui [[22 Martii]] anno [[1519]] [[pecunia]]s et auxilium expeditioni dedit, viam ad [[Asia]]m [[America]]e inveniendae causa. Mox cum navibus [[quinque]] (''Victoria'', ''Trinidad'', ''Concepción'', ''Santiago'', ''San Antonio'') et nautis 269 expeditio in [[Hispalis|Hispali]] convenit. Tum die [[20 Septembris]] classis profecta est ad Americas. Inter nautas erant navarchus vicarius [[Ioannes Sebastianus Elcano|Elcano]] et chronographus supernumerariusque [[Antonius Pigafetta]], qui iter victuri fuissent, et [[Eduardus Barbosa]], qui cum Magellano interfectus esset. [[America Australis|Americam Australem]] attigit et [[Brasilia]]m vitavit, quae tum erat terra Lusitana, mense Novembri [[1519]], et deinde in terras nunc [[Argentina]]m et [[Patagonia]]m navigaverunt. Ibi, [[nauta|nautae]] contra ducem Magellanum rebellaverunt mense Martio anno [[1520]]. Magellanus autem rebellionem subiugit, quamquam duas naves amisit. Rebellione deleta mense Novembri anno [[1520]], classis ad fretum advenit quod [[Fretum Magellanicum|nomen]] eius hodie fert. Hoc fretum cuspidem continente<!--?--> dividit et oceanos [[Oceanus Atlanticus|Atlanticum]] et [[Oceanus Pacificus|Pacificum]] coniungit. [[Oceanus Pacificus|Oceanum Pacificum]] attigit, et tranquillitas eius observatus, nomen hodiernam appellavit. Oceanum transientes omnes naves duro magnopere passus erant et alii esurie moriti fuerunt. Die [[13 Februarii]], [[1521]] [[insula]]s adventum quam appellata ab Magellano [[Insulae Latronum]] quod cleptas passus erat ex indigenis (nunc [[Insulae Mariannae|insulae Mariannae]] [[Guama|Guamisque]]). Die [[16 Martii]] [[1521]], insulae Homonhon [[Philippinae|Philippinarum]] adventum ab Magellano est, cum adhunc 150 nautis. Interprete Henrico communicare possent. Vernaculo rege amicavit, sed apud rixam interfuit, ei pugnante interfectus est. Magellano defuncto, [[Ioannes Sebastianus Elcano]] electus est dux navis ''Victoria'' et iussus est ad Hispaniam navigare, dum Gundisalvus Gómez de Espinosa electus est dux navis ''Trinidad,'' qui cum suis ad Americam redivit. Die [[6 Septembris]] anno [[1522]] navis ''Victoria'' cum 18 nautis in Hispaniam pervenit, itaque prima circumnavigatio orbis facta est. [[Fasciculus:Magellan Elcano Circumnavigation-es.svg|thumb|upright=4|centre|Iter expeditionis Magellanica per orbem]] ==Viri qui in Hispaniam pervenerunt== Ex 269 nautis, 35 tandem regressi sunt in Hispaniam: ===Nautae qui cum Elcano regressi sunt=== *[[Ioannes Sebastianus Elcano]], [[Ipuscoa]]nus ex [[Cetaria (Ipuscoa)|Cetaria]]. *Franciscus Albo, Graecus. *Michael de Rodas, Rhodius. *Ioannes de Acurio, [[Biscaia|Biscainus]] ex [[Bermeum|Bermeo]]. *[[Antonius Pigafetta]], Italus. *Martinus de Yudícibus, Savonensis. *Ferdinandus de Bustamante, [[Emerita Augusta|Emeritensis]]. *Nicholas el Griego, Graecus. *Michael Sánchez de Rodas, Rhodius. *Antonius Hernández Colmenero, [[Onoba|Onubensis]]. *Franciscus Rodríguez, [[Hispalis|Hispalensis]] *Ioannes Rodríguez, [[Onoba|Onubensis]]. *Didacus Carmena, [[Baiona|Baionensis]]. *Ioannes, ex [[Aquisgranum|Aquisgrano]]. *Ioannes de Arratia, Biscainus ex [[Bilbaum|Bilbao]]. *Vascus Gómez Gallego el Portugués, [[Baiona|Baionensis]]. *Ioannes de Santandrés, ex [[Cantabria]]. *Ioannes de Zubileta, ex [[Baracaldo]]ne. ===Nautae capti ab Lusitanis, tandem regressi=== *Martinus Méndez *Petrus de Tolosa *Richardus de Normandie, Francus *Rolandus de Argote, Francus *Magister Petrus *Ioannes Martín *Simon de Burgos *Philippus Rodas *Gómez Hernández *Bocacio Alonso *Petrus de Chindurza, Biscainus *Vasquito ===Nautae qui per Americam regressi sunt anno [[1525]]=== *Gundisalvus Gómez de Espinosa *Leo Pancaldo *Ioannes Rodríguez el Sordo *Genesius de Mafra *Ioannes Vargue, Theodiscus ==Fontes Latini== [[Maximilianus Transylvanus]], qui cum nautis superstitibus [[Valdoletum|Valdoleti]] colloqueretur, epistolam suam ''de admirabili et novissima Hispanorum in Orientem navigatione, qua variae et nulli prius accessae regiones inventae sunt, cum ipsis etiam [[Moluccae|Moluccis insulis]] beatissimis, optimo [[aroma]]tum genere refertis'' (saepe brevius ''de Moluccis insulis'') composuit, a [[Ioannes Baptista Ramusius|Ramusio]] anno [[1523]] editam. {{NexInt}} *[[Conquisitatores Hispani]] *[[Franciscus Drakus]] [[Categoria:Exploratio Oceaniae]] [[Categoria:Exploratio Americae Australis]] [[Categoria:Hispania apud Philippinas]] [[Categoria:Itinera]] t09tua1joznp8cewoctx5scx3slwpfj 0 162395 3971912 3727449 2026-07-14T04:31:17Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3971912 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Chiesa della Santissima Trinità (Treporti, Cavallino-Treporti) 02.jpg|thumb|Equilinum-Litus Trium Portuum]] '''Equilinum'''<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210613012512/http://www.metropolis.it/comuni/storia.asp?ID=27044 www.metropolis.it]</ref><ref>http://digilander.libero.it/tdsotm2/Veneto/Comuni%20ve/cavallinotreporti.htm{{Nexus deficit|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> {{victio|Equilinum|i|n}} - '''Litus Trium Portuum'''<ref>http://siusa.archivi.beniculturali.it/cgi-bin/pagina.pl?TipoPag=unita&Chiave=147079&RicProgetto=evve{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''Cavallino-Treporti'') est [[Commune Italiae|municipium]] [[Italia]]e, circiter 13&nbsp;540 incolarum, in [[Regio Italiae|Regione]] [[Venetia (regio)|Venetia]] et in [[Urbs metropolitana Veneta|Urbe metropolitana Veneta]] situm. Incolae ''Equilinenses'' ac ''Triportini''<ref>{{Fontes desiderati}}</ref> appellantur. == Insigne == <gallery> Fasciculus:Corona di comune.svg|''[[Municipium Italiae]]'' </gallery> == Clari cives == === Nati === * [[Beniaminus Pizziol]] == Aedificia egregia == * Equilini: Ecclesia S. Elisabeth. * Ecclesia paroecialis Litoris Trium Portuum. == Ecclesia Catholica Romana == * [[Patriarchatus Venetiarum]] == Fractiones, vici et loci in municipio == === Fractiones === * ''Ca' Savio'' (''sedes municipalis''), * [[Equilinum]] ''Cavallino'', * [[Litus Trium Portuum]] ''Treporti'', ''Ca' Ballarin, Ca' Pasquali, , Ca' di Valle, Ca' Vio, Lio Grando, Lio Piccolo, Mesole, Punta Sabbioni, Saccagnana''. == Municipia finitima == * [[Equilium]], * [[Venetiae]] {{NexInt}} * [[Venetia (regio)|Venetiam]] (''regionem''), * [[Urbs metropolitana Veneta|Urbem metropolitanam Venetam]], * [[Provincia Veneta|Provinciam Venetam]] (''provinciam abrogatam''), * [[Venetiae|Venetias]] (''urbem''), * [[Municipium Italiae]]. == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Fasciculus:Map of comune of Cavallino-Treporti (metropolitan city of Venice, region Veneto, Italy).svg|Collocatio finium municipii in Urbe metropolitana Veneta. Fasciculus:Cavallino - Chiesa di Santa Maria Elisabetta.JPG|Equilini: Ecclesia S. Elisabeth. </gallery> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Cavallino-Treporti|Equilinum-Litus Trium Portuum}} * [http://www.comune.cavallinotreporti.ve.it/ Situs publicus] {{Ling|Lingua Italiana{{!}}Italiane}} == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Municipia in Urbe metropolitana Veneta]] hlj3vcdb5rlyxtkdqqggrmsgsc4gsfe 0 167270 3971942 3593445 2026-07-14T10:45:27Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3971942 wikitext text/x-wiki {{pro pagina discretiva vide|Fanum Sancti Sebastiani (discretiva)}} {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Sant.SanSebcup.jpg|thumb|Fanum Sancti Sebastiani (Campania)]] '''Fanum Sancti Sebastiani'''<ref>{{Sacco}}</ref> (alia nomina: ''Fanum Sancti Sebastiani ad Vesuvium'') ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]] ''[[:it:San Sebastiano al Vesuvio|San Sebastiano al Vesuvio]]'') est [[oppidum]] [[Italia]]e et [[Commune Italiae|municipium]], circiter 9&thinsp;210 incolarum, in [[Regio Italiae|Regione]] [[Campania (Italia)|Campania]] et in [[Urbs metropolitana Neapolitana|Urbe metropolitana Neapolitana]] situm. Incolae ''Sebastianenses'' appellantur == Insigne == <gallery> Fasciculus:Corona di comune.svg|''[[Municipium Italiae]]'' </gallery> == Ecclesia Catholica Romana == * [[Archidioecesis Neapolitana]], == Fractiones, vici et loci in municipio == == Municipia finitima == ''Cercola, Ercolano, Massa di Somma, Napoli, San Giorgio a Cremano''. {{NexInt}} * [[Campania (Italia)|Campaniam]] (''regionem''), * [[Urbs metropolitana Neapolitana|Urbem metropolitanam Neapolitanam]], * [[Provincia Neapolitana|Provinciam Neapolitanam]] (''provinciam abrogatam''), * [[Neapolis|Neapolim]] (''urbem''), * [[Municipium Italiae]]. == Nexus externi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110909212147/http://www.comunesansebastiano.it/ Situs publicus] {{communiaCat|San Sebastiano al Vesuvio|Fanum Sancti Sebastiani}} == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Imago:Map of comune of San Sebastiano al Vesuvio (Metropolitan City of Naples, region Campania, Italy).svg|Collocatio finium municipii in Urbe metropolitana Neapolitana. Imago:Panorama di San Sebastiano al Vesuvio.jpg|Despectus in oppidum. </gallery> == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Municipia in Urbe metropolitana Neapolitana]] 9pv7gu7vkuetb273kidp1cfg2zi3y8v 0 169714 3971935 3522282 2026-07-14T10:03:42Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3971935 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Fanum Sancti Genexii et Municipia Coniuncta'''<ref>[http://www.lombardiabeniculturali.it/ www.lombardiabeniculturali.it]</ref> ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:San Genesio ed Uniti|San Genesio ed Uniti]]'') est [[oppidum]] [[Italia]]e et [[Commune Italiae|municipium]], in Regione [[Langobardia]], in [[Provincia Papiensis|Provincia Papiensi]] ac in [[Ager Papiensis|Agro Papiensi]] (specialiter in ''Agro Papiensi Superno'') situm. == Insigne == <gallery> Fasciculus:Corona di comune.svg|''[[Municipium Italiae]]'' </gallery> == Municipia finitima == {{NexInt}} * [[Langobardia]], * [[Provincia Papiensis]], * [[Ager Papiensis]], * [[Papia]] (urbs). == Nexus externi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110829073004/http://www.comune.sangenesio.pv.it/ Situs publicus] {{Ling|Lingua Italiana{{!}}Italiane}} {{CommuniaCat|San Genesio ed Uniti|Fanum Sancti Genexii et Municipia Coniuncta}} == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Imago:Map of comune of San Genesio ed Uniti (province of Pavia, region Lombardy, Italy).svg|Collocatio finium Municipii in Provincia Papiensi. Imago:Pavese.GIF|Collocatio Agri Papiensis in Provincia Papiensi. </gallery> == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Municipia in provincia Papiae]] [[Categoria:Municipia in Agro Papiensi]] jiw3uzm6lpm155wr6cyer5mp66plcyw 0 170365 3971891 3461261 2026-07-13T21:54:52Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3971891 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Dreuil-l%C3%A8s-Amiens_%C3%A9glise_1.jpg|thumb|left|300px|Dreuil-lès-Amiens: [[ecclesia]]e frons et [[coemeterium|coemeterii]] introitus]] [[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 80256.png|thumb|300px| Dreuil-lès-Amiens: communis tabula]] ''' Dreuil-lès-Amiens ''' est commune [[Francia|Francicum]] 1268 incolarum (anno [[2009]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Samara (praefectura Franciae)|Samara]] in regione [[Picardia]]. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Samarae]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat| Dreuil-lès-Amiens | Dreuil-lès-Amiens }} * {{INSEE commune|80256|de=Dreuil-lès-Amiens}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080503004431/http://www.ville-dreuil-les-amiens.fr/ Dreuil-lès-Amiens pagina interretialis] {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Suminae]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Suminae]] ps75zyt0tq2025qzgg8ue7f0qobph7s 0 172752 3971944 3522457 2026-07-14T10:54:35Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3971944 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Fanum Sancti Tammari'''<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=4EVkhIl-TN4C&printsec=frontcover&hl=it#v=onepage&q&f=false Dizionario geografico-istorico-fisico del regno di Napoli, composto dall'Abate Francesco sacco - Di Francesco Sacco]</ref> ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:San Tammaro|San Tammaro]]'') est [[oppidum]] [[Italia]]e et [[Commune Italiae|municipium]], in [[Regio Italiae|Regione]] [[Campania]], in [[Provincia Casertana]] et in [[Liburia]] historica ac geographica regione situm. == Insigne == <gallery> Fasciculus:Corona di comune.svg|''[[Municipium Italiae]]'' </gallery> == Municipia finitima == {{NexInt}} * [[Campania]], * [[Provincia Casertana]], * [[Caserta]], * [[Liburia]]. == Nexus externi == {{communiaCat|San Tammaro|Fanum Sancti Tammari}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121202044432/http://www.comune.santammaro.ce.it/ Situs publicus] {{Ling|Lingua Italiana{{!}}Italiane}} == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Image:Map of comune of San Tammaro (province of Caserta, region Campania, Italy).svg|Collocatio finium Municipii in Provincia Casertana. </gallery> == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Municipia in provincia Casertae]] m3quxteh7rwoxg3hsx4uwv0jhpmul5h 0 175308 3971939 3522572 2026-07-14T10:27:41Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3971939 wikitext text/x-wiki {{pro pagina discretiva vide|Fanum Sancti Martini}} {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Fanum Sancti Martini'''<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=4EVkhIl-TN4C&printsec=frontcover&hl=it#v=onepage&q&f=false Dizionario geografico-istorico-fisico del regno di Napoli, composto dall'Abate Francesco sacco - Di Francesco Sacco]</ref> (alia nomina: ''Fanum Sancti Martini in Viam Marrucinam'') ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:San Martino sulla Marrucina|San Martino sulla Marrucina]]'') est [[oppidum]] [[Italia]]e et [[Commune Italiae|municipium]], in [[Regio Italiae|Regione]] [[Aprutium|Aprutio]] et in [[Provincia Teatina]] situm. == Insignia == <gallery> Fasciculus:Corona di comune.svg|''[[Municipium Italiae]]'' Fasciculus:Merito civile silver medal BAR.svg|''[[Municipium nomisma argentea civilis virtutis causa tributum]]'' </gallery> == Municipia finitima == {{NexInt}} * [[Aprutium]], * [[Provincia Teatina]], * [[Teate]] (''urbs''), * [[Municipium Italiae]]. == Nexus externi == {{communiaCat|San Martino sulla Marrucina|Fanum Sancti Martini}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130102182058/http://www.sanmartinosm.it/ Situs publicus] {{Ling|Lingua Italiana{{!}}Italiane}} == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Image:Map of comune of San Martino sulla Marrucina (province of Chieti, region Abruzzo, Italy).svg|Collocatio finium Municipii in Provincia Teatina. </gallery> == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Municipia in provincia Teatis]] m6k08ar7pqvr4bs1wrhjbghrx7l4vu5 0 175563 3971943 3593453 2026-07-14T10:50:00Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3971943 wikitext text/x-wiki {{pro pagina discretiva vide|Fanum Sancti Stephani}} {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:S Stefano in Sessanio 6.jpg|thumb|Fanum Sancti Stephani (Aprutium)]] '''Fanum Sancti Stephani'''<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=4EVkhIl-TN4C&printsec=frontcover&hl=it#v=onepage&q&f=false Dizionario geografico-istorico-fisico del regno di Napoli, composto dall'Abate Francesco sacco - Di Francesco Sacco]</ref> (alia nomina: ''Fanum Sancti Stephani Sextantii'') ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Santo Stefano di Sessanio|Santo Stefano di Sessanio]]'') est [[oppidum]] [[Italia]]e et [[Commune Italiae|Municipium]], in [[Regio Italiae|Regione]] [[Aprutium|Aprutio]] et in [[Provincia Aquilana]] situm. == Insigne == <gallery> Fasciculus:Corona di comune.svg|''[[Municipium Italiae]]'' </gallery> == Municipia finitima == {{NexInt}} * [[Aprutium]], * [[Provincia Aquilana]], * [[Aquila (Italia)|Aquila]] (''urbs''), * [[Municipium Italiae]]. == Nexus externi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130325224549/http://www.comunesantostefanodisessanio.aq.it/ Situs Publicus] {{Ling|Lingua Italiana{{!}}Italiane}} {{CommuniaCat|Santo Stefano di Sessanio|Fanum Sancti Stephani}} == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Imago:Map of comune of Santo Stefano di Sessanio (province of L'Aquila, region Abruzzo, Italy).svg|Collocatio finium Municipii in Provincia Aquilana. </gallery> == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Municipia in provincia Aquilae]] 9t0nv6jqhetafjfqyx73ez33pmcit98 0 175728 3971931 3522588 2026-07-14T07:04:48Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3971931 wikitext text/x-wiki {{pro pagina discretiva vide|Fagnanum (discretiva)}} {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Euphanianum'''<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=4EVkhIl-TN4C&printsec=frontcover&hl=it#v=onepage&q&f=false Dizionario geografico-istorico-fisico del regno di Napoli, composto dall'Abate Francesco sacco - Di Francesco Sacco]</ref> {{victio|Euphanianum|i|n}} (alia nomina: ''Ofinianum'', ''Fagnanum'') ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Fagnano Alto|Fagnano Alto]]'') est [[oppidum]] [[Italia]]e et [[Commune Italiae|Municipium]], in [[Regio Italiae|Regione]] [[Aprutium|Aprutio]] et in [[Provincia Aquilana]] situm. == Insigne == <gallery> Fasciculus:Corona di comune.svg|''[[Municipium Italiae]]'' </gallery> == Municipia finitima == {{NexInt}} * [[Aprutium]], * [[Provincia Aquilana]], * [[Aquila (Italia)|Aquila]] (''urbs''), * [[Municipium Italiae]]. == Nexus externi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160527051551/http://www.comunefagnanoalto.it/ Situs Publicus] {{Ling|Lingua Italiana{{!}}Italiane}} {{CommuniaCat|Fagnano Alto|Euphanianum}} == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Imago:Map of comune of Fagnano Alto (province of L'Aquila, region Abruzzo, Italy).svg|Collocatio finium Municipii in Provincia Aquilana. </gallery> == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Municipia in provincia Aquilae]] chqlcsoqrc0bzv83y7lorehtoy4f2ug 0 175778 3971941 3593435 2026-07-14T10:41:31Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3971941 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:San Pio delle Camere 02.jpg|thumb|Fanum Sancti Pii Camerarum]] '''Fanum Sancti Pii Camerarum'''<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=4EVkhIl-TN4C&printsec=frontcover&hl=it#v=onepage&q&f=false Dizionario geografico-istorico-fisico del regno di Napoli, composto dall'Abate Francesco sacco - Di Francesco Sacco]</ref> ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:San Pio delle Camere|San Pio delle Camere]]'') est [[oppidum]] [[Italia]]e et [[Commune Italiae|Municipium]], in [[Regio Italiae|Regione]] [[Aprutium|Aprutio]] et in [[Provincia Aquilana]] situm. == Insigne == <gallery> Fasciculus:Corona di comune.svg|''[[Municipium Italiae]]'' </gallery> == Clari cives == === Nati === * [[Franciscus Marini]] == Municipia finitima == {{NexInt}} * [[Aprutium]], * [[Provincia Aquilana]], * [[Aquila (Italia)|Aquila]] (''urbs''), * [[Municipium Italiae]]. == Nexus externi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130202083319/http://www.comunesanpiodellecamere.it/ Situs Publicus] {{Ling|Lingua Italiana{{!}}Italiane}} {{CommuniaCat|San Pio delle Camere|Fanum Sancti Pii Camerarum}} == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Imago:Map of comune of San Pio delle Camere (province of L'Aquila, region Abruzzo, Italy).svg|Collocatio finium Municipii in Provincia Aquilana. </gallery> == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Municipia in provincia Aquilae]] mf8t0gejzvhvzajgxo059zo494au6rw 0 179397 3971910 3866450 2026-07-14T01:31:39Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3971910 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vicificanda}} {{L-1}} [[File:Roman school.jpg|thumb|upright=2|Toreum reppertum in Neumagen circa Trier,cum doctore et tres discipulis (180-185 AD)]] In antiqua Romana civitate, cives educationem magni aestimaverunt quae, crediderunt, societatem leviter laborare passa est. Re vera Romani rationem disciplinae quae etiam nunc adhibetur late hodie invenerunt. Et pueri et puellae disciplinam receperunt, sed modus et summa huius disciplinae statu et genere hominis in societate determinata sunt. Varia ergo exemplaria ludorum fuerunt, descripta causa usus diversorum classium. In adulescentia, omnes liberi principali ludo ad duodecimum annum adfuerunt, postea aliqui iuvenes opulenti grammatico ludo adfuerunt. Porro iuvenes qui publicos honores quaesiverunt suas eruditiones ludo rhetoricae promoverunt, grammatico ludo confecto. ==Ludus Principalis== Ab anno sexto ad annum duodecimum et pauperes et opulenti liberi principali ludo adfuerunt. Antiquis annis Reipublicae Romanae hae scholae solis liberis illarum familiarum fuerunt quae conducere privatos educatores potuerunt, sed denique Romani publicum beneficium plebeis creaverunt. Hi discipuli ab magistris in ludis docti sunt. Primum discipuli alphabetum memoria tenuerunt. Deinde haec ars Romanis legibus legendis probata est quod ludi libros non habuerunt. Hodierna peritia librorum ligatorum spinis nondum vulgaris fuit, et legere ab voluminibus in classibus cum multis discipulis difficile fuit. Ubi potuerunt, discipuli se scribendo in tabulis cerae stilis exercuerunt. Ultima academica in principali ludo docta est mathematica fuit, quae abaco instructa est. Ad has academicas materias, discipuli res determinatas genere cognoverunt. Pueri se luctando et gladiis pugnando et natando exercuerunt. Contra puellae artes quae suis posteris vitis necessariae fuerunt didicerunt, exemplorum gratia suere et coquere et iuvare familiam. Tempus in ludo principali sex annos tetendit. Post hanc educationem puellae nubere viris senioribus et curare familias solitae sunt. Cursus qui habere adulescens cupivit et opes familiae proximam partem vitae pueri determinaverunt. Educatio finivit huc plurimis ex pueris plebeiis. ==Ludus Grammaticus== Familiae divites suos iuvenes ad grammaticum ludum receptum provectas scholas de linguis Latinis Graecisque doctas ab grammatico miserunt. Quod plurimi ex magistris in Romano regno servi Graeci capti ab Romano exercitu in victoriis militaribus sunt, Romana educatio cultura Graeca magnopere motum est. Discipuli in grammatico ludo etiam Graece docti sunt ut possent uti ambas linguas scholis perfectis. In classe, discipuli litteras claras legerunt et grammaticae studuerunt ut postea lingua sollertius uti possent. Haec disciplina tres annos duravit. ==Ludus Rhetoricae== Post ludum grammaticum praeclari et divites iuvenes nati sedecim annos adesse electo ludo rhetoricae potuerunt si habere honores publicos cupiverunt. Iterum momentum Graecum apparet. In talibus ludis quisque discipulus modum oratoris Graeci unius quem admiratus est investigavit et exploravit quod magistri crederent oratores Graecos praebere optima exempla orationis illo tempore. Deinde discipuli disceptationes construxerunt usi modis suorum oratorium pro exemplaribus ut se disputando exercerent. His oratoribus investigatis, discipuli paratiores fuerunt suis cursibus publicis futuris. Artes quas officium publicum postulavit et ludus rhetoricae docuit persuasio et accurate loqui et logite cogitare fuerunt. Si iuvenes has artes discerent in ludo, fruterentur prospera fortuna in suis posteris cursibus. Post duos annos discipuli ludum rhetoricae perfecerunt et togas viriles sumpserunt. Togis virilibus receptis, hi discipuli iam nati duodeviginti annos postremo suam educationem confecerunt et in societatem intrare potuerunt. ==Educatio: Publica et Privata== Romanus ludus magnopere inter divites et pauperes liberos distulit. Opulentae familiae privatos educatores suis liberis conduxerunt sicut antiquis annis Reipublicae Romanae. Hi educatores sicut magistri in ludis Graeci servi conducti causa liberis docendis sunt. Haec privata propinquitas inter educatorem et discipulum indulsit latius argumentis explorandis quam in publico ludo. Contra pauperrimae familiae filios sequi suos patres et filias sequi suas matres coegerunt quod praebere aut privatos educatores aut ludos potuerunt. Ita hi liberi res eventibus cotidianis observandis didicerunt. ==Famae Scholae== Romani ludi, sicut hodierni ludi, prima luce inceperunt et intermissione merendae substiterunt. Hac intermissione liberi domum iverunt esum et post merendam ad ludum ut resumerent scholas rediverunt. Romanus ludus sub crepusculum cotidie et per omnes dies hebdomados tetendit. Tamen Romani plures ferias quam hodierni quibus non ad ludum iverunt celebraverunt. Dum ad ludum erant, magistri discipulis flagella per diem minati sunt ne errata in opera facerent. Ita discipuli timore laboraverunt quod magistri crediderunt timorem esse optimum incitamentum discendo. Dissimilia hodiernis, aedificia non ludis solis exstiterunt. Hi ludi saepe ab aliis partibus tabernae separatae velo solo sunt. Disciplina Romana educationis, quae exemplar hodiernae disciplinae creavit, ex tribus gradibus scholarum constitit et quisque sequens gradus difficilior et specialior fuit. Omnes liberi ludo principali adfuerunt in adolescentia sed soli opulenti iuvenes cum magnis expectationibus grammatico ludo et ludo rhetoricae adfuerunt. Ita iuvenes qui grammaticum ludum et ludum rhetoricae perfecerunt meliores cursus, saepe in re publica Romana, post ludum habuerunt. Dedicatione et opera diligentes iuvenes qui potuerunt emere has scholas remunerati sunt. Plebes pauper infeliciter etiam hanc occasionem raro datae sunt.<ref>http://www.crystalinks.com/romeducation.html</ref><ref>http://www.mariamilani.com/ancient_rome/ancient_roman_schools.htm</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20091106020821/http://www.the-romans.co.uk/education.htm</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20101104025126/http://www.jaysromanhistory.com/romeweb/WRITERS/art3.htm</ref><ref>http://www.buzzle.com/articles/ancient-roman-education.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150512041308/http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/roman_education.htm</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20151101141404/http://www.roman-empire.net/society/society.html</ref><ref>''History of the Language Sciences''</ref><ref>''History Learning Site''</ref> ==Notae== <references /> == Fontes == *[[Isocrates]], ''[[De permutatione]]'' *[[Quintilianus]], ''De institutione oratoria'' == Plura legere si cupis == *Bonner, Stanley Frederick. Education in Ancient Rome: From the Elder Cato to the Younger Pliny. Berkeley: University of California, 1977. Print. * Henri Irénée Marrou, ''Histoire de l'éducation dans l'antiquité'', Seuil, 1948 {{Roma antiqua}} [[Categoria:Studiorum universitas]] [[Categoria:Roma antiqua]] [[Categoria:Cultura Romae antiquae]] cp1jyl3bidbit6esue0ji63z20zm1p3 0 184713 3971796 3761161 2026-07-13T12:20:27Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3971796 wikitext text/x-wiki {{capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Ambrosius Lobwasser''' (natus [[Nivemontium (Saxonia)|Nivemontii]] in [[Saxonia]] die [[4 Aprilis]] [[1515]]; mortuus est [[Regiomontium|Regiomontii]] die [[27 Novembris]] [[1585]]) fuit [[humanismus|humanista]] et iuris professor [[Germania|Germanicus]] qui multa opera Theodisce [[interpretatio|interpretatus]] est. ==Vita== [[File:Ambrosius Lobwasser Psalmen Davids.jpg|thumb|Ambrosii Lobwasser versio [[psalmi|psalmorum]] Davidis regis]] Ambrosius filius metallici superioris adulescentiam [[Nivemontium (Saxonia)|Nivemontii]] (Theodisce ''Schneeberg'') in [[Saxonia]] peregit, cui oppido metallorum exercendorum per totam vitam fideliter favebat. Aetate tredecim annorum [[Lipsia]]e sub fratris praesidium venit ad [[schola Latina|scholam Latinam]] frequentandam. Anno 1531 in [[alma Mater Lipsiensis|Alma Matre Lipsiensi]] studens factus baccalaureatu anno 1535 coronatus est. Triennio post in consilium universitarium vocatus est et anno 1542 professor atque decanus proclamatus est. Cum 1539 omnes docentes universitarii [[protestantismus|protestanticam fidem]] accipere cogerentur, Ambrosius indicavit se et familiares omnes iam dudum protestantes factos esse. Anno 1549 [[Lovanium]], [[Lutetia]]m et [[Avaricum Biturigum]] iit ut iurium studio vacaret. Annis inter 1555 et 1561 [[Misnia]]e in servitio [[burgravius|burgravii]] velut iuris consultus laborabat. Anno 1561 [[Bononia]]m iter fecit, ubi eum anno consecuo doctoratu praemiaverunt. Statim dux [[borussia|Borussicus]] Adalbertus eum anno 1563 [[Regiomontium]] iuribus docendis arcessivit. Quinquies ibi rectoris munere functus est et ex anno 1566 consiliarius tribunali aulico assidens erat. Iste vir in querelis ecclesiasticis politicisve, quae tunc in eis regionibus valide vigebant, numquam argumentis superari potuisse dicitur. Anno 1580 autem aegrotatus universitarium laborem deponere debuit. ==Adeptiones et gravitudo== Lobwasser non solum in disciplinis doctis habendis sed etiam in libris pangendis gloriam sibi peperit. Opus eius magnum est sine dubio illa interpretatio Theodisca ''Psalterii [[hugenoti|Hugenotorum]]'' (1573) cui textus exaraverant [[Clemens Marot]] et [[Theodorus Beza]], musicam autem [[Claudius Goudimel]] et alii. Lobwasser id piissimum opusculum in itineribus Francicis cognoverat; conversionem sat formalem fecit ut verba facile cantarentur. Magni momenti erant insuper verborum simplicitas et claritas. Lucubratio eo magis admirabilis, quia temporibus istis [[lingua Theodisca]] poetica adhuc in statu nascendi erat. De difficulatibus talibus testimonium nolens volens perhibuit [[Paulus Schede-Melissus]] conversione sua contemporanea, quae male evenit. Successus operis citati Ambrosiani ita felix erat, ut diu [[calvinismus|calvinistis]] in Germania libro cantuali liturgico futurum esset. Interpretatio altera etiam haec: ''Bewerte Hymni Patrum'' (1579), i.e. florilegium hymnorum Latinorum tam mediaevalium quam recentiorum cantilenis spiritualibus propriis immixtis. Nonnullae et hodie in libris cantualibus Lutheranis inveniuntur. Interpretatio tertia ecce: ''Tragoedia von der Entheuptung S. Johannis des Teuffers'' (circa 1576) secundum drama quoddam auctoris neolatini [[scotia|Scotici]] [[georgius Buchanan|Georgii Buchanan]] cum habilitate magna ex historiis biblicis ad instar methodi [[euripides|Euripidei]] confecta. Liber aedificans popularis est ''Biblia, darinnen die Summarien aller Capittel der hl. Schrift'' (1584). Post mortem prelo mandatum est opus praetitulatum ''Deutsche Epigrammata'' (1611) ubi classes sociales et munera uniuscuiusque ab ovo praesentantur. Hominibus omnibus virtutes appetendae atque sectandae ostenduntur. Tamquam magister lingua Latina docens se summum humanistam et tamquam poeta Theodiscus se burgensem amabilem popularemque in omnes praebuit. In ecclesiasticis autem rebus ambo confluxisse videntur. Ambrosius homo religiosus et Lutheranus verus non timebat, ne calvinistarum psalmos converteret. In litterarum historia a peritis saeculo XVI adscribatur; psalterio Hugenotorum inspiratus versus Francogallicos (e.g. Alexandrinos et versus communes qui dicuntur) sollerter adoptavit. Quem postea sequebantur [[Martinus Opitz]] et alii, cum Lobwasser adhuc multo minus res artificiose excogitatos produceret. Psalterium eius plus quam centum editiones vidit! In [[ioannes Volfgangus Goethius|Goethii]] opere ''Wanderjahre''' (III, 5) narratur de strenuo atque probo psalmorum Lobwasseriensium cantu in communitate calvinistarum variis in tonis. Frater [[Paulus Lobwasser]] (1513-1566) Lipsiae professor iurium erat. == Psalmus CXVIII == Inter cantus qui et nostris diebus in ecclesis germanophonis audiuntur praesentetur versio originalis Ambrosianna et altera ad usum modernum emendata de psalmo CXVIII<ref>Psalmus iste in versione neovulgata [http://www.vatican.va/archive/bible/nova_vulgata/documents/nova-vulgata_vt_psalmorum_lt.html#PSALMUS%20118 hic in paginis Vaticanis] legi potest.</ref> ''Nun saget Dank und lobt den Herren'': {| | Evangelisches Gesangbuch 294, 1.4 | Textus originalis (Lipsiae 1576)<ref>[http://reader.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb10205811_00862.html Digitalisat]</ref> |- | <poem> 1. Nun saget Dank und lobt den Herren, denn groß ist seine Freundlichkeit, und seine Gnad und Güte währen von Ewigkeit zu Ewigkeit. Du, Gottes Volk, sollst es verkünden: Groß ist des Herrn Barmherzigkeit; er will sich selbst mit uns verbünden und wird uns tragen durch die Zeit. 4. Er, der da kommt in Gottes Namen, sei hochgelobt zu jeder Zeit. Gesegnet seid ihr allzusammen, die ihr von Gottes Hause seid. Nun saget Dank und lobt den Herren, denn groß ist seine Freundlichkeit, und seine Gnad und Güte währen von Ewigkeit zu Ewigkeit. </poem> || <poem> (1.) Dancksaget nu vnd lobt den Herren / Dann groß ist seine freundligkeit / Vnd seine gnad vnd güt wirt weren / Von ewigkeit zu ewigkeit. Israel führ dir zu gemüte Sein grundlose barmherzigkeit / Bekenn und sag das seine güte Bestendig bleib in ewigkeit. (13a.) Gebenedeyt sei / der im namen Deß Herren kompt in herrligkeit / Gebenedeyt seyt allesamen / Die jhr aus dem hauß Gottes seyt. (14b.) Nu saget lob und danck dem Herren / Dann groß ist seine freundligkeit / Vnd seine gütigkeit thut wären Von ewigkeit zu ewigkeit. </poem> |} == Opera == * ''"Hymni Patrum"'', de Latino sermone versa, 1578 * ''"Tragödia von der Enthauptung Johannis"'', versio Germanica operis [[Georgius Buchanan|Georgii Buchanan]], 1583 * ''"Deutsche zierliche Epigrammata"'', 1612 == Nexus externi == * {{BBKL|l/lobwasser}} * [https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/124263488 Nexus valde utiles apud DDB] ==Notae== <references/> {{lifetime|1515|1585|Lobwasser, Ambrosius}} [[Categoria:Scriptores Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Auctores Theodisci]] [[Categoria:Humanistae]] [[categoria:Eruditi Germaniae]] [[categoria:Iuris consulti]] hn9l2ogzf42ls2gvsfek7jqs0kj5iys 0 194734 3971804 3782546 2026-07-13T13:09:30Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Exempla armorum chemicorum */ 3971804 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Livens gas projector loading.jpg|thumb|[[Miles|Milites]] arma chemica [[primum bellum mundanum|primo bello mundano]] dilatant.]] [[Fasciculus:Canadian Soldier with mustard gas burns (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Miles Canadiensis [[Yperitum|Yperiti]] laesum.]] '''Arma chemica''' sunt [[arma]] [[venenum|venenosa]] quae [[reactio chemica|reactione chemica]] vel [[technologia]] [[ars chemica|chemica]] utuntur. [[Fridericus Haber]] primum [[gasium]] venenosum inventus est, quod in [[primum bellum mundanum|primo bello mundano]] adhibitum est. [[Humanitarium belli ius]] sicut [[Conventus Genavenses]], Protocollum Genavense, et [[Pactio de Armis Chemicis]] arma chemica expedienda prohibent. == Exempla armorum chemicorum == * [[Gas VX]] * [[Gas Sarinum]] == Nexus externi == * [https://www.opcw.org/about-chemical-weapons/what-is-a-chemical-weapon Descriptio armorum chemicorum] in situ interretiali [[Motus internationalis ad interdictionem armorum chemicorum|Motus Internationalis ad Arma Chemica Prohibenda.]] [[Categoria:Arma]] [[Categoria:Chemia]] {{Myrias|Technologia}} i0lx5n9687xeev943a6n90fri3wqfef 3971808 3971804 2026-07-13T13:15:06Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3971808 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Livens gas projector loading.jpg|thumb|[[Miles|Milites]] arma chemica [[primum bellum mundanum|primo bello mundano]] dilatant.]] [[Fasciculus:Canadian Soldier with mustard gas burns (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Miles Canadiensis [[Yperitum|Yperiti]] laesum.]] '''Arma chemica''' sunt [[arma]] [[venenum|venenosa]] quae [[reactio chemica|reactione chemica]] vel [[technologia]] [[ars chemica|chemica]] utuntur. [[Fridericus Haber]] primum [[gasium]] venenosorum invenit, quod in [[primum bellum mundanum|primo bello mundano]] adhibitum est. [[Humanitarium belli ius]] sicut [[Conventus Genavenses]], Protocollum Genavense, et [[Pactio de Armis Chemicis]] arma chemica expedienda prohibent. == Exempla armorum chemicorum == * [[Gas VX]] * [[Gas Sarinum]] == Nexus externi == * [https://www.opcw.org/about-chemical-weapons/what-is-a-chemical-weapon Descriptio armorum chemicorum] in situ interretiali [[Motus internationalis ad interdictionem armorum chemicorum|Motus Internationalis ad Arma Chemica Prohibenda.]] [[Categoria:Arma]] [[Categoria:Chemia]] {{Myrias|Technologia}} mv6esabizycfqku1306jzq3outh2jcm 0 205449 3971867 3873636 2026-07-13T19:41:08Z LilyKitty 18316 de casu Brasillae et Coreae Australi 3971867 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Latinitas|-3}} [[Fasciculus:Senate in session.jpg|thumb|[[Gulielmus Clinton|Gulielmi Clinton]] impedimentum anno [[1999]].]] '''Impedimentum''' (-i n.)<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/completeenglishl00ridduoft#page/162/mode/2up ''A Complete English-Latin and Latin-English Dictionary'' (1838).]</ref> ([[Anglice]] ''impeachment'') in [[Anglia]] est commendatio a {{Creanda|en|House of Commons of the United Kingdom|Camera Communium (Britanniarum Regnum)|Camera Communium}} facta, praesertim ministri [[Corona Britannica|Coronae]], ad iudicium a {{Creanda|en|House of Lords|Camera Parium}}. Ultimus casus anno [[1805]] accidit. Sed, in [[CFA|Civitatibus Foederatis]], impedimentum est processus iuridicus contra gubernationis foederalis [[officialis|officialem]] et [[praeses|praesidem]] latus. Generatim [[crimen|accusationem]] significat.<ref>[http://www.wordreference.com/definition/impeachment ''Collins Concise English Dictionary'' apud paginam interretialem ''wordreference.'']</ref> Processus impedimenti in Civitatibus Foederatis apud [[Textus Constitutionis Civitatum Foederatarum Americae in Latinum conversus#Articulus I|Consititutio Civitatibus Civitatum Foederatarum Americae]], Articulo I, Sectione 5 definitur. Anno [[1972]], [[Ricardus Milhous Nixon]] munere ab impledimento abdicatus fuit, primum in [[historia Civitatum Foederatarum Americae]]. In [[Brasilia]], [[Dilma Rousseff]] ab officio demmissa anno 2015 est. In [[Corea Australis]], [[Bak Geunhye]] ab impedimento quaeretur ratione [[corruptio]]nis anno 2017 et [[Yu Gil-jun]] officio demmissus ab impedimento anno 2025 est. == Notae == <references /> {{Myrias|Societas}} [[Categoria:Ius]] q9vwlvq084yrwsizkc747r9ahwbryi1 0 216507 3971799 3890279 2026-07-13T12:56:20Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3971799 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:metal movable type.jpg|thumb|[[Typus mobilis]] in [[bacillum compositionis|bacillo compositionis]]<!--?composing stick--> super [[involucrum typorum]].]] [[Fasciculus:A Specimen by William Caslon.jpg|thumb|bottom|Scheda speciminis a [[Gulielmus Caslon|Gulielmo Caslon]], conditore typorum, facta. Ex ''Cyclopaedia, or an Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences'' (1728).]] [[Fasciculus:Metal type.svg|thumb|Diagramma [[sors (typographia)|sortis]] metallicae fusae.]] [[Fasciculus:Linotype CRTronic 360.jpg|thumb|Terminus pro phototypothetica Linotype CRTronic 360 (2006).]] [[Fasciculus:Door toename automatisering in krantenbedrijf verdwijnt het oude zettersvak Weeknummer, 77-14 - Open Beelden - 13160.ogv|thumb|Pellicula Nederlancica de transitu ad typotheticam computatralem (1977).]] '''Typothetica,''' vel fortasse '''compositio typographica,''' est compositio [[lingua scripta|linguae scriptae]] per [[sors (typographia)|typos]] effecta.<ref name="typesetting random house dictionary definition">Dictionary.com Unabridged. Random House, Inc. 23 December 2009. [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/typeset Dictionary.reference.com]</ref> [[Littera]]e et alia signa reposita ([[sors (typographia)|sortes]] in rationibus mechanicis et [[glypha]] in rationibus digitalibus appellata) pro ostentu ad visum pertinente recuperantur et secundum [[orthographia]]m [[lingua]]e ordinantur. Typothetica prioris rationis eget, [[fons (typographia)|fontis]] designati. {{NexInt}} *''[[Dingbat]]'' *[[Facies typorum]] *[[Fons typographicus]] *[[Impressio]] *''[[Kerning]]'' *[[Ligatura (typographia)]] *[[Prelum typographicum]] *[[Typographia]]<!-- *[[Composing stick]] *[[Hot metal typesetting]] *[[History of Western typography]] *[[Justification (typesetting)]] *[[Strut (typesetting)]] *[[Technical writing]] *[[Widows and orphans]] *[[Formula editor]] *[[SCRIPT (markup)]] *[[The Long Short Cut]]--> ==Notae== <div class="references-small"><references/></div> ==Bibliographia== *Audin, Marius. [[1948]]. ''Somme typographique,'' vol. 1. Lutetiae: Paul Dupont; vol. 2, 1949, Lyon, Audin, *Audin, Marius. [[1949]]. ''Somme typographique,'' vol. 2. Lyon: Audin. *Audin, Maurice. [[1972]]. ''Histoire de l'imprimerie.'' A. et J. Picard. *Dußler, Sepp, et Fritz Kolling. [[1974]]. ''Moderne Setzerei''. Ed. 4a. Pullach: Verlag Dokumentation Saur KG. ISBN 3794087038. *Fournier, Henri. [[1825]]. ''Traité de la Typographie.'' Lutetiae.<!-- [http://books.google.fr/books?id=9ruV_-yYRG0C&pg=PR3&lpg=PR3#v]--> *Panek, Bernhard Walter. [[2002]]. ''Typographische und psychologische Gestaltung von Drucksorten: Schrift und Linien, Ornamente, Symbole und Logos, Abbildungen, Layout, Korrekturen und Qualitätssicherung, Fremdsprachensatz.'' Ed. 2a. Vindobonae: Wiener Universitätsverlag Facultas. ISBN 9783708901572. *Raether, Manfred. [[2009]]. ''Linotype: Chronik eines Firmennamens.'' * [[Angulus Pulcher (Saxonia)|Anguli Pulchri]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schöneck/Vogtl.'' seu ''Schöneck/Vogtland''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Schöneck'')</small>: E-Buch, PDF. *Wolf, Hans-Jürgen. [[1990]]. ''Geschichte der graphischen Verfahren: Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Technik.'' Dornstadt: Historia Verlag. ISBN 3980025748. ==Nexus externi== {{Wiktionary|typesetting}} *[[:Categoria:Signa typographica]], amplus index signorum typographicorum *[http://www.w3.org/XML/ De XML,] www.w3.org *[https://web.archive.org/web/20190219135940/http://xml.coverpages.org/sgml.html De SGML,] xml.coverpages.org *[http://www.tug.org/ Grex utentium TeX,] www.tug.org *[http://sourceforge.net/apps/mediawiki/lout/index.php?title=Main_Page "The Lout Document Formatting System,"] sourceforge.net *[http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/gbell/digital/timeline/1968-3.htm "TYPESET-8, the first low cost computerized type setting system,"] research.microsoft.com *[http://gochipmunk.com/html/contents.html Typothetica aetatis 1960,] gochipmunk.com *[http://www.metaltype.co.uk Typus metallicus,] www.metaltype.co.uk<!--For Those who Remember Hot Metal Typesetting--> [[Categoria:Typographia]] [[Categoria:Typothetica| ]] [[Categoria:Eruditio textualis]]<!--=Textual scholarship--> lbt8a3j4lgl7qb3b1st3ykhgchnnae7 0 219919 3971888 3592981 2026-07-13T21:25:18Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3971888 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Dorio.jpg|thumb|Dorium]] '''Dorium'''<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=YPzTAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA165&lpg=PA165&dq=%22Casale+Gausari%22&source=bl&ots=t9wRX4nf9Q&sig=u2X8tPvtfeKoeoJncKED0_Y5Nz0&hl=it&sa=X&ei=OtyrU-SkHM-y7Ab_noDgBw&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=%22Dorio%22&f=false Dizionario di toponomastica lombarda - Dante Olivieri, Lampi di stampa, 01/gen/2001 - 624 pagine]</ref> {{victio|Dorium|ii|n}} (alia nomina: ''Daurium''<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=YPzTAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA165&lpg=PA165&dq=%22Casale+Gausari%22&source=bl&ots=t9wRX4nf9Q&sig=u2X8tPvtfeKoeoJncKED0_Y5Nz0&hl=it&sa=X&ei=OtyrU-SkHM-y7Ab_noDgBw&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=%22Dorio%22&f=false Dizionario di toponomastica lombarda - Dante Olivieri, Lampi di stampa, 01/gen/2001 - 624 pagine]</ref>) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Dorio|Dorio]]'') est [[oppidum]] [[Italia]]e et [[Commune Italiae|municipium]], circiter 350 incolarum, in [[Regio Italiae|Regione]] [[Langobardia]] et in [[Provincia Leucensis|Provincia Leucensi]] situm. Incolae ''Dorienses'' appellantur. == Insigne == <gallery> Fasciculus:Corona di comune.svg|''[[Municipium Italiae]]'' </gallery> == Geographia == * [[Larius lacus|Lacus Larius]], == Fractiones, vici et loci in municipio == == Municipia finitima == {{NexInt}} * [[Langobardia]] (''regio''), * [[Provincia Leucensis]], * [[Larius lacus|Lacus Larius]], * [[Leucum (Italia)|Leucum]] (''urbs''), * [[Municipium Italiae]]. == Nexus externi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20021024122555/http://www.comune.dorio.lc.it/ Situs publicus] {{CommuniaCat|Dorio|Dorium}} == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Fasciculus:Map of comune of Dorio (province of Lecco, region Lombardy, Italy).svg|Collocatio finium municipii in Provincia Leucensi. </gallery> == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Municipia in provincia Leuci]] jf5myz07zf8xiftxetch0sl1vq78ris 0 230827 3971901 3611384 2026-07-13T22:50:50Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3971901 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Dumentia'''<ref>[https://books.google.it/books?id=VZVFAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA44&lpg=PA44&dq=%22Cuvelium%22&source=bl&ots=AH-5m_ZH_w&sig=K28HRtHU7Glg2PyNzr3egSVYJ6k&hl=it&sa=X&ei=ul3kVNXSIqGAywOe64KoCw&ved=0CCMQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Cuvelium&f=false Thesaurus antiquitatum et historiarum Italiae, Neapolis, Siciliae, Corsicae, Melitae, ... (Google eBook) - Joannes Georgius Graevius excudit Petrus Vander Aa, 1723]</ref> {{victio|Dumentia|ae|f}} (alia nomina: ''Dogmentia''<ref>[https://books.google.it/books?id=IFpfAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA356&lpg=PA356&dq=%22Luinum%22+Verbanus&source=bl&ots=jtb9HsE0h4&sig=YLV2BxTnQMzvpeu1g15K9_EsdI8&hl=it&sa=X&ei=X2P3VO_aHOO_ywPCqoL4BA&ved=0CCMQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22Luinum%22%20Verbanus&f=false Hauptschlüssel zu zerschidenen Alterthumen, Oder Gründliche - theils Historische - theils Topographische Beschreibung von dem Ursprung ... Galliae Comatae, auch aller darinnen theils gelegenen, theils benachbarten, und theils daher entsproßenen Land- und Völkerschafften (etc.) (Google eBook) - Aegidius Tschudi, Waibel, 1758]</ref>) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Dumenza|Dumenza]]'') est [[oppidum]] [[Italia]]e et [[Commune Italiae|municipium]], circiter 1&thinsp;460 incolarum, in [[Regio Italiae|Regione]] [[Langobardia]] et in [[Provincia Varisiensis|Provincia Varisiensi]] situm iuxta limen [[Helvetia|Helveticum]]-Italicum. Incolae ''Dumentienses'' appellantur. == Incolae notabiles == * [[Martinus Comensis (magister coquinarius)|Martinus Comensis]], magister coquinarius, hic saeculo XVI ineunte natus == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Baretium]] == Nexus externi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121017031043/http://www.comune.dumenza.va.it/ Situs publicus] {{CommuniaCat|Dumenza|Dumentiam}} {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Municipia in provincia Baretii]] l1unxk5gpmn7uk02ceb0q58zmtjxxiq 0 245141 3971832 3958378 2026-07-13T14:27:14Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3971832 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} [[Fasciculus:59- Dioscoride VII sec.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|[[Dioscorides Neapolitanus]]: pagina descriptiones, glossas, imagines de [[origanum|origano]] monstrans]] '''''De materia medica''''', [[Graece]] scriptum et in multas linguas versum, est opus principale [[Dioscorides|Pedanii Dioscuridis Anazarbei]] qui in provinciis [[Asia]]ticis [[Imperium Romanum|Imperii Romani]] saeculo I p.C.n. floruit. Laecanio Basso dicatum est.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170306003200/http://homepage.univie.ac.at/elisabeth.trinkl/forum//forum0908/48bassus.htm De Laecanio Basso]</ref> [[Fasciculus:Dioscorides Ruellius 1516 tp.jpg|thumb|Versio Latina ab [[Ioannes Ruellius|Ioanne Ruellio]] anno 1516 edita]] Exstant plures recensiones Graecae: * Recensio "genuina"<ref>"Forma genuina": ita [[Max Wellmann]] in praefatione editionis suae [http://cmg.bbaw.de/epubl/online/wa_dioscurides_mat_med_lib_3_4.php vol. 2 (1906) p. v]</ref> pristina, in quinque libros divisum, materie ordine affinitatum enumerata ** [[BNF Grec 2179|Dioscorides Parisinus gr. 2179]] saeculo IX factus, exemplar huius recensionis antiquissimus sed lacunosus * "Dioscorides alphabeticus", herbas tantum describens, imaginibus curiosis illustratus, [[glossae in Dioscoridem|glossario multilingui]] auctus. Medio saeculo IV [[Oribasius]] in ''[[Collectiones medicae|Collectionibus medicis]]'' suis (lib. XI-XIII) medicamenta botanica et mineralia e Dioscoride ordine alphabetico compendiose enumeravit, e recensione alphabetica iam exstante ut videtur citans.<ref>Ita [[Max Wellmann]], "[http://www.digizeitschriften.de/dms/img/?PPN=PPN509862098_0033&DMDID=dmdlog48 Die Pflanzennamen des Dioskurides]" in ''Hermes'' vol. 33 (1898) pp. 360–422 ad [http://www.digizeitschriften.de/dms/img/?PID=PPN509862098_0033|log48&physid=phys393#navi p. 375]</ref><ref>Contra John Scarborough, "Early Byzantine pharmacology" in ''Dumbarton Oaks Papers'' vol. 38 (1984) pp. 213-232 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/1291507 JSTOR] ad pp. 223-224, qui proponit opus Oribasii archetypum esse recensionis alphabeticae. Quod autem difficile erit credendum, textu multo ab Oribasio omisso in libris recensionis alphabeticae recitato.</ref> Recensionis alphabeticae exemplaria sunt: ** [[Dioscorides Vindobonensis]]: exemplar divitissimum saeculo VI ineunte factum et feminae nobili [[Anicia Iuliana|Aniciae Iulianae]] dicatum. In [[Bibliotheca Nationalis Austriaca|Nationali Bibliotheca Austriaca]] servatur ** [[Dioscorides Neapolitanus]]: exemplar saeculo fere VII factum. In [[Bibliotheca Nationalis Neapolitana|Nationali Bibliotheca Neapolitana]] servatur * "Dioscorides alphabeticus" locupletior, in quinque libris divisus, herbis et [[glossae in Dioscoridem|glossis multilinguibus]] e recensione alphabetico priori, rebus medicinalibus aliis e recensione pristina demptis et ordine alphabetico inter libros singulos coactis ** [[Pierpont Morgan M.652|Dioscorides Pierpont Morgan]]: exemplar saeculo X factum, imaginibus multis illustratum * "Dioscorides interpolatus", e recensione pristina refectus, additamentis e Dioscoride alphabetico auctus [[Fasciculus:Laguna translation 1555 tp coloured.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Versio Andreae Lacunae Hispanica Antverpiae 1555 edita. Exemplar manu tinctum ([[Bibliotheca Nationalis Hispanica]])]] Versiones Latinae tres aevis antiquo et medio factae sunt.<ref>{{qc|id=Ferraces Rodríguez (1999)}}; {{qc|id=Cronier (2010)}}</ref> Versionis antiquissimae (A), saeculo III a [[Gargilius Martialis|Gargilio Martiali]] factae, fragmenta tantum supersunt. Versionis secundae (B) excerpta pauca apud [[pseudo-Apuleius|pseudo-Apuleium]] et [[Isidorus Hispalensis|Isidori]] ''[[Etymologiae (Isidorus)|Etymologias]]'' reperiuntur. Versio mediaevalis (C, etiam "[[Dioscorides Langobardus]]" ab eruditis appellata), ab exemplari recensionis genuinae saeculo fere VI conversa, e libro manuscripto saeculi IX nobis cognoscitur. Haec versio saeculo fere XI in ordinem alphabeticum retractata est; quae recensio sub nomine "[[Dyascorides]]" recognoscitur.<ref>{{qc|id=Riddle (1974)}}; {{qc|id=Riddle (1984)}} p. 102 n. 91; {{qc|id=Cronier (2010)}}</ref> Saeculo XVI opus ''De materia medica'' in linguas varias verterunt commentariisque adornaverunt [[Latine]] [[Ioannes Ruellius]], [[Valerius Cordus]], [[Italiane]] [[Petrus Andreas Matthiolus]], alii nonnulli. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == ; Editiones * 1499 : Venetiis: editio Aldina [http://bvpb.mcu.es/es/catalogo_imagenes/grupo.cmd?path=21312 Textus apud BVPB] * 1516 ([[Franciscus Asulanus]], [[Hieronymus Roscius]], edd.) : Venetiis: editio Aldina {{Google Books|sdllAAAAcAAJ}} * 1529 ([[Ianus Cornarius]], ed.) : ''Διοσκορίδης : Dioscorides''. Basileae: ex aedibus Ioan. Bebelii {{Ling|Graece|Latine}}[http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00014726/image_3 Textus apud MDZ] [http://bvpb.mcu.es/es/consulta/registro.cmd?id=399004 Textus apud BVPB] * 1549 ([[Iacobus Goupylus]], ed.; [[Ioannes Ruellius]], interpr.) : ''Dioscorides libri octo Graece et Latine; Castigationes in eosdem libros''. Parisiis {{Ling|Graece|Latine}} [https://archive.org/details/dioscoridislibr00ruelgoog Textus apud archive.org] * 1589 ([[Ianus Antonius Saracenus]], interpr.) : ''Pedacii Dioscoridis Anazarbaei opera quae exstant omnia''. Francofurti: sumtibus haeredum Andreae Wecheli {{Google Books|lyd6Sw1uxyMC}} * 1829-1830 ([[Curtius Sprengel]], ed.) : ''Pedanii Dioscuridis Anazarbei De materia medica libri quinque''. 2 voll. Lipsiae {{Ling|Graece|Latine}} {{Google Books|dGw-AAAAcAAJ|1}} {{Google Books|lx4TAAAAQAAJ|2}} * 1906-1914 ([[Max Wellmann]], ed.) : ''Pedanii Dioscuridis Anazarbei De materia medica libri quinque''. 3 voll. Berolini: Weidmann {{Ling|Graece}} [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6226074d 1] [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6228793s 2] [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6254651p 3] / [http://cmg.bbaw.de/epubl/online/wa_dioscurides_mat_med_lib_1_2.php 1] [http://cmg.bbaw.de/epubl/online/wa_dioscurides_mat_med_lib_3_4.php 2] [http://cmg.bbaw.de/epubl/online/wa_dioscurides_mat_med_lib_5_crat_sext_nig_simpl.php 3] ; Versiones * 1478 ([[Constantinus Africanus]] fortasse interpr.; [[Petrus de Abano]], recens.) : ''Dyascorides''. Incipit "[M]ulti voluerunt auctores antiqui de virtutibus herbarum"; "Explicit Dyascorides quem Petrus Paduanensis legendo corexit et exponendo quae utiliora sunt in lucem reduxit". [[Collis (Tuscia)|Colle]]: Iohannes de Medemblick, Iulio 1478<ref group="b">[http://incunables.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/record/D-104 Citatio huius editionis]</ref> [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00066730/image_9 Textus apud MDZ] * 1516 ([[Hermolaus Barbarus]], interpr.) : ''Ioannis Baptistae Egnatii ... in Dioscoridem ab Hermolao Barbaro tralatum annotamenta; Pedacii Dioscoridis Anazarbei De medicinali materia ab eodem Barbaro Latinitate primum donati; ... Hermolai Barbari ... Corollarium libris quinque absolutum''. Venetiis<ref group="b" name="BPB">[[Bibliotheca publica Bavarica]]</ref> [http://mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb11199160-1 Textus] apud Monacenses * 1516 ([[Ioannes Ruellius]], interpr.) : ''Pedacii Dioscoridis Anazarbei de medicinali materia libri quinque De virulentis animalibus, et venenis canerabioso, et corum notis, ac remediis libri quattuor. Joanne Ruellio Suessionensi interprete''. Lutetiae apud [[Henricus Stephanus|Henricum Stephanum]] {{Ling|Latine}} [http://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/histmed/medica/cote?00815 Editio 1516] [https://archive.org/details/dioscoridislibr00ruelgoog Editio Parisiensis 1549 bilinguis] [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00011921/image_5 Editio Francofurtensis 1549 cum adnotationibus Valerii Cordi etc.] [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753003467922 Editio 1552] * 1518 ([[Marcellus Virgilius Adrianus|Marcellus Virgilius]], interpr.) : ''Pedacii Dioscoridae Anazarbei De medica materia libri sex''. Florentiae apud haeredes Philippi Iuntae {{Ling|Latine}} [http://www.mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10139442-4 Textus apud MDZ] [http://bvpb.mcu.es/es/catalogo_imagenes/grupo.cmd?path=29623 Editio 1523 apud BVPB] * 1529 : [[Ioannes Ruellius]], interpr.; [[Otho Brunfelsius]], ed., ''P. Dioscoridae pharmacorum simplicium reique medicae libri VIII'' [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000817921 Textus] * 1544 ([[Petrus Andreas Matthiolus]], interpr.) : ''[[Commentarii (Matthiolus)|Di Pedacio Dioscoride Anazarbeo libri cinque della historia & materia medicinale]], tradotti in lingua volgare italiana da M. Pietro Andrea Matthiolo Senese Medico, con amplissimi discorsi & commenti & dottissime annotationi & censure del medesimo interprete'' {{Ling|Italiane}} [https://archive.org/details/ita-bnc-pos-0000072-001 Editio 1549 apud archive.org] {{Google Books|hV49AQAAIAAJ|Editio 1557}} {{Google Books|w8JCAAAAcAAJ|Editio 1573}} * 1554 : ''[[Commentarii (Matthiolus)|Petri Andreae Matthioli Medici Senensis Commentarii in libros sex Pedacii Dioscoridis Anazarbei de Materia Medica]] adjectis quam plurimis plantarum & animalium imaginibus eodem authore'' (versio Latina ''Materiae medicae'' Dioscoridis) [https://archive.org/details/petriandreaematt00matt Editio 1558] [https://archive.org/details/PetriAndreaMatt00Matt Editio 1565 apud archive.org] * 1555 ([[Andreas Lacuna Secobiensis|Andreas a Lacuna]], interpr.) : ''Pedacio Dioscorides Anazarbeo Acerca de la materia medicinal y de los venenos mortiferos''. Antverpiae {{Ling|Hispanice}} {{Google Books|hG0rnSNIDykC}} [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/10632/ Exemplar manu tinctum]{{Nexus deficit|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} apud ''World Digital Library'' {{Google Books|xzxnLxvzvHUC|Editio Salmanticensis 1570}} * 1561 : [[Valerius Cordus]]; [[Conradus Gesnerus]], ed., ''Annotationes in Dioscoridis; Historiae stirpium libri IV [etc.]'' [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/8036#/summary Textus] * 1561 ([[Antonius Pinaeus]], interpr.) : ''[[Discorsi (Matthiolus)|Les Commentaires de M. P. André Matthiolus sur les six livres de Pedacius Dioscoride Anazarbéen de la matière médicale]]'' {{Ling|Francogallice}}<ref group="b">Citatio editionis 1561 {{Google Books|Zw1AAAAAcAAJ|vide p. 192}}. N.B. oportet titulum huius editionis verificare</ref> [https://archive.org/details/gri_33125012606816 Editio 1572 apud archive.org] {{Google Books|Db9CAAAAcAAJ|Editio 1620}} [http://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/histmed/medica/cote?00826A Editio 1627 apud BiuSanté] * 1586 ([[Ioachimus Camerarius iunior|Ioachimus Camerarius]], interpr.) : ''[[Discorsi (Matthiolus)|Kreutterbuch desz hochgelehrten unnd weitberühmten Herrn D. Petri Andreae Matthioli]]'' {{Ling|Theodisce}} [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/0009/bsb00091089/images/ Textus] * c. 1650 facta, anno 1934 divulgata (J. Goodyer, interpr.; R. T. Gunther, ed.) : ''The Greek Herbal of Dioscorides''. Londinii [https://web.archive.org/web/20141006142945/http://panaceavera.com/demateriaindex.html recensio interretialis huius versionis] * 1998 (Manuela García Valdez, interpr.) : ''Dioscórides. Plantas y remedios medicinales (De materia medica)''. 3 voll. Matriti: Gredos * 2005 (Lily Y. Beck, interpr.; John Scarborough, praef.) : ''Pedanius Dioscorides of Anazarbus. De materia medica''. Berolini: Olms-Weidmann [https://web.archive.org/web/20180418090623/http://www.uhu.es/publicaciones/ojs/index.php/exemplaria/article/viewFile/486/693 Recensio huius operis] ; Editiones, versiones, commentationes partiales {{Vide-etiam|Cinnabaris (medicamentum)|Cyphi|Moly|Seps}} * Praefatio: John Scarborough, Vivian Nutton, "The Preface of Dioscorides' Materia Medica: introduction, translation, commentary" in ''Transactions and Studies of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia'' n.s. vol. 4 (1982) pp. 187-227. * [[Amomum]]: Nicolaus Maronea Veronensis, "[http://www.e-rara.ch/bau_1/content/pageview/8959143 Commentarii in tractatus Dioscoridis et Plinii de amomo]" in [[Ioannes Pona]], ''Plantae seu simplicia ut vocant, quae in Baldo monte et in via ab Verona ad Baldum reperiuntur'' (Basileae: Zetznerus, 1608) * [[Balsamum]]: [[Andreas Chiocchus]], ''Carmen de balsami natura et viribus iuxta Dioscoridis placita''. Veronae, 1596<ref group="b">[https://web.archive.org/web/20210227190621/https://www.ustc.ac.uk/index.php/record/821965 Citatio huius operis]</ref> ** [[Ioannes Pona|Giovanni Pona]], ''Del vero balsamo de gli antichi: commentario ... sopra l'Historia di Dioscoride''. Venetiis, 1623 {{Google Books|k4VAAAAAcAAJ}} * [[Bryonia]]: S. S. Renner, J. Scarborough, H. Schaefer, H. S. Paris, J. Janick, "Dioscorides’ ''bruonia melaina'' is ''Bryonia alba'', not ''Tamus communis'' and an illustration labelled ''bruonia melaina'' in the Codex Vindobonensis is ''Humulus lupulus'' not ''Bryonia dioica''" in M. Pitrat, ed., ''Cucurbitaceae 2008: IXth Meeting on Genetics and Breeding of Cucurbitacea'' (Avenione: INRA, 2008) pp. 273-280 * [[Mandragora]]: George Saliba, Linda Komaroff, "Illustrated Books May Be Hazardous to Your Health: A New Reading of the Arabic Reception and Rendition of the "Materia Medica" of Dioscorides" in ''Ars Orientalis'' vol. 35 (2008) pp. 6-65 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/25481907 JSTOR] ; Eruditio antiquior * [[Hermolaus Barbarus]], ''In Dioscoridem corollariorum libri quinque''. Coloniae: apud Ioan. Soterem, 1530 {{Google Books|6sdCAAAAcAAJ}} ; Eruditio recentior * Minta Collins, ''Medieval Herbals: The Illustrative Traditions'' (Londinii: British Library, 2000) pp. 31-89 {{Google Books|s7c2EaxDYjUC|Paginae selectae}} * {{ec|id=Cronier (2010)|c=Marie Cronier, "Le Dioscoride alphabétique latin et les traductions latines du De materia medica" in David Langslow, Brigitte Maire, edd., ''Body, Disease and Treatment in a Changing World: Latin texts and contexts in ancient and medieval medicine'' (Lausannae: Editions BHMS, 2010) pp. 189-200}} * Florence E. Day, "Mesopotamian Manuscripts of Dioscorides" in ''Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin'' n.s. vol. 8 (1950) pp. 274-280 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/3257424 JSTOR] * A. Dietrich, ''Die Dioskurides-Erklärung des Ibn al-Baiṭar: ein Beitrag zur arabischen Pflanzensynonymik des Mittelalters''. Gottingae: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1991 * Cesar E. Dubler, Elias Teres Sadaba, ''La 'Materia Medica' de Dioscorides, transmisión medieval y renacentista''. 6 voll. Barcelone, 1952-1957 * Nicholas Everett, ''The Alphabet of Galen: Pharmacy from Antiquity to the Middle Ages'' (Toronti: University of Toronto Press, 2012) pp. 64-78 {{Google Books|R2DXb3tF7zwC|Paginae selectae}} * {{ec|id=Ferraces Rodríguez (1999)|c=A. Ferraces Rodríguez, ''Estudios sobre textos latinos de fitoterapia entre la Antigüedad Tardía y la Alta Edad Media''. Corunnae, 1999}} * Martin Levey, ''Early Arabic Pharmacology: An Introduction Based on Ancient and Medieval Sources''. Lugduni Batavorum: Brill, 1973 {{Google Books|LtYUAAAAIAAJ|Paginae selectae}} * {{ec|id=Riddle (1974)|c=John M. Riddle, "The Latin Alphabetical Dioscorides" in ''Proceedings of XIIIth International Congress of the History of Science, Moscow, 1971, sections III and IV'' (Moscuae, 1974) pp. 204-209}} * {{ec|id=Riddle (1984)|c=John M. Riddle, "Byzantine Commentaries on Dioscorides" in ''Dumbarton Oaks Papers'' vol. 38 (1984) pp. 95-102 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/1291497 JSTOR]}} * John M. Riddle, ''Dioscorides on pharmacy and medicine''. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1985 * Mahmoud M. Sadek, ''The Arabic Materia Medica of Dioscorides''. Quebeci: Editions du Sphinx, 1983 * George Saliba and Linda Komaroff, "Illustrated Books May Be Hazardous to Your Health: A New Reading of the Arabic Reception and Rendition of the "Materia Medica" of Dioscorides" in ''Ars Orientalis'' vol. 35 (2008) pp. 6-65 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/25481907 JSTOR] * John Scarborough, "Pharmacy in Pliny's Natural History: some observations on substances and sources" in Roger French, Frank Greenaway, edd., ''Science in the Early Roman Empire'' (Londinii: Croom Helm, 1986) pp. 59-85 [de fontibus tam Dioscoridis quam Plinii] * John Scarborough, ''Pharmacy's ancient heritage: Theophrastus, Nicander and Dioscorides''. Lexington, 1985. * [[Max Wellmann]], "[[:s:de:RE:Dioskurides 12|Dioskurides (12)]]" in {{PW}} vol. 5 pars 1 (1903) pp. 1131–1142 ; Notae librariae <references group="b" /> == Nexus externi == * [http://www.mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb11054626-2 Lambecius 1669] [[Categoria:Scripta saeculo 1]] [[Categoria:Anatoliae scripta]] [[Categoria:Litterae Graecae aevi Romani]] [[Categoria:Libri de medicamentis]] [[Categoria:Dioscorides]] bvd2bz9zurfoo6g10xd2mbfhe6cpyeh 0 255547 3971866 3718333 2026-07-13T18:54:11Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3971866 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}}[[Fasciculus:Defoliation agent spraying.jpg|thumb|[[Defolians]] est genus [[herbicida]]e quod efficit ut [[folium|folia]] decidant. Hic, [[helicopterum]] defoliantem silvae [[zona tropica|tropicae]] in [[delta Mekong]] [[26 Iulii]] [[1969]] aspergit.]] '''Herbicida''' est [[chemia|chemicum]] ad [[planta|plantas]] ingratas continendas adhibitum.<ref name=EPAusage2011/> '''Herbicidae selectivae''' certas [[planta inutilis|plantarum inutilium]] [[species]] continent sed [[proventus|proventui]] desiderato non nocent, cum '''herbicidae non selectivae''' adhiberi possunt ad terram, locos [[industria]]e et [[constructio]]nis, ac [[ferrivia]]s et aggeres ferriviarum purgandos quia omnes materias [[planta]]rum interficiunt quas tangunt. Praeter hanc distinctionem, aliae distinctiones implicant persistentiam (etiam actionem residualem dictam, cum [[merx]] in situ manet et agere continuat), modum susceptionis (utrum a [[folium|foliis]] solum supra [[humus|humum]], per [[radix|radices]], an aliter absorbeatur), et mechinationem actionis (quomodo fungitur). Per [[historia]]m, [[merx|merces]] sicut [[sal]] et alii [[sal (chemia)|sales metallici]] pesticidae adhibebantur; qui autem gradatim obsolescunt, nonnullique in nonnullis [[civitas sui iuris|civitatibus]] interdicuntur ob eorum perseverantiam in solo, et ob curas de [[toxicitas|toxicitatem]] et contaminatione [[aqua terrestris|aquae terrestris]]. Herbicidae etiam [[bellum herbicidale|in pugnis et bellis adhibitae sunt]]. [[Fasciculus:Direktsaat Probleme001.JPG|thumb|upright=1|left|[[Planta]]e in agro per herbicidas interfectae. [[Pagus]] [[Berna (pagus)|Berna]] [[Helvetia]]e.]] [[Fasciculus:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid structure.svg|thumb|[[2,4-D]], primum herbicidium chemicum, inter [[Bellum Orbis Terrarum II]] inventum est.]] [[Fasciculus:Sprayed weeds.jpg|thumb|[[Planta inutilis|Plantae inutiles]] ab herbicidio contentae.]] [[Fasciculus:Paardenbloem herbicide schade (Taraxacum officinale herbicide damage).jpg|thumb|''[[Taraxacum officinale]]'' herbicidis laesum.]] Herbicidae hodiernae saepe sunt synthetici [[natura]]lium [[hormon plantarum|hormonum plantarum]] imitatores, qui se incremento plantarum petitarum interponunt. [[Vocabulum]] ''herbicida organica'' herbicidas [[agricultura organica|agriculturae organicae]] destinatas significare coepit; quae saepe sunt herbicidis syntheticis minus efficaces et pretiosiores, et in materias [[natura]]les conduntur. Nonnullae plantae, inter quas [[genus (taxinomia)|genus]] ''[[Juglans]]'' et [[species]] ''[[Ailanthus altissima]],'' suas pesticidas naturales gignunt; talis herbicidarum naturalium actio, cum aliis interactionibus chemicis coniunctis, [[allelopathia]] appellatur. Propter [[repugnantia herbicidae|repugnantiam herbicidae]], maiorem in [[agricultura]] curam, multae [[merx|merces]] etiam herbicidas cum aliis modis actionis commiscent. In [[Civitates Foederatae|Civitatibus Foederatis]] anno [[2007]], 83 fere centesimae omnis usus herbicidiorum, per [[pondus]] enumeratae, in [[agricultura]] adhibebentur.<ref name=EPAusage2011/> Anno [[2007]], impensae pesticidarum per totum [[tellus|orbem terrarum]] circa $39.4 [[billio]]nes fuerunt; quarum herbicidaes circa 40 centesimas constituerunt, et maximam partem fuit, ante insecticidia, fungicidia, et alia genera.<ref name=EPAusage2011>EPA. Februario 2011 [http://www.epa.gov/opp00001/pestsales/07pestsales/market_estimates2007.pdf Pesticides Industry. Sales and Usage 2006 and 2007: Market Estimates]. Summary in press release [http://www.epa.gov/oppfead1/cb/csb_page/updates/2011/sales-usage06-07.html hic.] Situs principalis relatuum EPA de usu esticidiorum est [http://www.epa.gov/opp00001/pestsales/ hic].</ref> Minores quantitates adhibentur in [[silvicultura]], systematibus [[pascuum|pascuorum]], et administrationis regionum quae pro [[habitatio]]ne [[fauna]]e sunt. ==Notae== <div class="references-small"><references/></div> ==Bibliographia== *Böger, Peter, et Gerhard Sandmann, eds. [[1989]]. ''Target sites of herbicide action.'' Os Ratti Floridae: CRC Press. ISBN 0849349850. *Cobb, Andrew, et John P. H. Reade. [[2010]]. ''Herbicides and plant physiology.'' Ed. 2a. Chichester, West Sussex et Ames Iovae: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 9781405129350 (charta), ISBN 1405129352 (charta), ISBN 9781444327809 (liber electronicus), ISBN 1444327801 (liber electronicus). *Longworth, Jim. [[1996]]. A Brief History of On-track Weed Control in the N.S.W. SRA during the Steam Era. ''Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin'' April: 99–116. {{NexInt}} *[[Continentia plantarum inutilium]] *[[Defolians]] *[[Paraquat]] *[[Planta inutilis]] *[[Solum]] ==Nexus externi== {{CommuniaCat|Herbicides|herbicidia}} ;Generalia *National Agricultural Statistics Service. [http://www.nass.usda.gov Situs proprius.] *National Pesticide Information Center. [http://npic.orst.edu Situs proprius.] ;Rationes ordinariae *Environmental Protection Agency (Civitatum Foederatarum. [http://www.epa.gov Situs proprius.] *European Commission. [https://web.archive.org/web/20060205093820/http://europa.eu.int/comm/food/plant/protection/evaluation/index_en.htm Situs proprius.] *Pest Management Regulatory Agency (Canadae). [http://www.pmra-arla.gc.ca Situs proprius.] *UK Pesticides Safety Directorate. [http://www.pesticides.gov.uk Situs proprius.] {{Myrias|Technologia}} [[Categoria:Biocidae]] [[Categoria:Herbicidae| ]] [[Categoria:Pesticidae]] [[Categoria:Plantae]] [[Categoria:Solum]]<!--en:Soil contamination--> [[Categoria:Toxicologia]] fur52o4qua6dz8jjm6p5emcc1ul0m5p 0 255548 3971952 3901980 2026-07-14T11:27:54Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3971952 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}}[[Fasciculus:Cropduster spraying pesticides.jpg|thumb|[[Aeroplanum]] generis ''crop-duster'' insecticidam supra agrum in Civitatibus Foederatis diffundit. Qui usus in [[Unio Europaea|Unione Europaea]] prohibetur.]] [[Fasciculus:Lite-Trac Crop Sprayer.jpg|thumb|[[Lite-Trac]], [[machina]] aspergens [[rota]]rum quattuor a se propulsa, in agro pesticidam aspergit.]] [[Fasciculus:FLIT Spray Can 1.jpg|thumb|[[Flit]], [[manus|manualis]] insectidarum aspergendarum antlia magni momenti ex [[1928]].]] [[Fasciculus:Myrosinase general mechanism.png|thumb|Biosynthesis ''antifeedants'' per actionem myrosinasis.]] [[Fasciculus:Doppeldecker 01 KMJ.jpg|thumb|[[Aeroplanum]] generis ''crop-duster'' insecticidam supra agrum in Civitatibus Foederatis diffundit.]] [[Fasciculus:Warning2Pesticides.jpg|thumb|Signum de pesticidis monet: "[[Ignis]] halitus [[venenum|toxicos]] efficiet."]] '''Insecticida'''<ref>[[Suffixum]] ''-cida'' ([[Anglice]], [[Francice]] ''-cide'') a ''caedendo'' = Anglice 'to cut, kill'. ''Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary'' (Springfield Massachusettae: Merriam-Webster, 1985), 240.</ref> est [[chemia|chemicum]] ad [[insecta]] interficienda adhibitum.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/2006/pdf/7811x2075.pdf |title=Glossary of Terms Relating to Pesticides |author=IUPAC |publisher=IUPAC, 2123 |year=2006}}.</ref> Inter insecticidas sunt ovicidae et [[larvicida]]e contra insectorum [[ovum|ova]] et [[larva]] proprie adhibitae. Insecticidae in [[agricultura]], [[medicina]], et [[industria]] et ab emptoribus privatis adhibentur. Insecticidae maior causa incrementi in [[agricultura]]li [[saeculum 20|saeculi vicensimi]] [[productivitas|productivitatis]] dicuntur.<ref name="EmdenPeakall1996">van Emden et Peakall 1996.</ref> Paene omnes insecticidae oecosystemata magnopere mutare possunt; multae [[homo sapiens|hominibus]] [[venenum|toxicae]] sunt; nonnullae sese secundum catenam [[cibus|ciborum]] accumulant. Insecticidae describi possunt in duos greges maiores: [[insecticida systemica|insecticidas systematicas]]{{dubsig}}, quae diutine valent, et insecticidas contactiles, quae effectu diuturno carent. Praeterea, distingui possunt insecticidae [[natura]]les, sicut expressiones [[nicotinum|nicotini]], [[pyrethrum|pyrethri]], et ''[[Azadirachta indica|Azadirachtae indicae]],'' a [[planta|plantis]] contra insecta factae, insecticidae inorganicae{{dubsig}}, quae sunt [[metallum|metalla]], aut insecticidae organicae, quae sunt composita chemica organica quae plerumque contactu operantur. [[Modus actionis]], ratio per quam pesticida [[pestis|pestem]] interficit vel inertem facit, est alius modus insecticidarum describendarum. Modus actionis magnopere iuvat intellectum num insecticida [[species]] non cognatas [[venenum|venenet]], sicut [[pisces]], [[aves]], et [[mammalia]]. ==Insecticidae singulae== {{div col|2}} ===[[Organochloridum|Organochlorida]]=== *[[Aldrin]] *[[Chlordane]] *[[Chlordecone]] *[[DDT]] *[[Dieldrin]] *[[Endosulfan]] *[[Endrin]] *[[Heptachlor]] *[[Hexachlorobenzene]] *[[Lindane]] (gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane) *[[Methoxychlor]] *[[Mirex]] *[[Pentachlorophenol]] *[[Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane|TDE]] ===[[Organophosphas|Organophosphates]] === *[[Acephate]] *[[Azinphos-methyl]] *[[Bensulide]] *[[Chlorethoxyfos]] *[[Chlorpyrifos]] *[[Chlorpyriphos-methyl]] *[[Diazinon]] *[[Dichlorvos]] (DDVP) *[[Dicrotophos]] *[[Dimethoate]] *[[Disulfoton]] *[[Ethoprop]] *[[Fenamiphos]] *[[Fenitrothion]] *[[Fenthion]] *[[Fonofos]] *[[Fosthiazate]] *[[Malathion]] *[[Methamidophos]] *[[Methidathion]] *[[Mevinphos]] *[[Monocrotophos]] *[[Naled]] *[[Omethoate]] *[[Oxydemeton-methyl]] *[[Parathion]] *[[Parathion-methyl]] *[[Phorate]] *[[Phosalone]] *[[Phosmet]] *[[Phostebupirim]] *[[Phoxim]] *[[Pirimiphos-methyl]] *[[Profenofos]] *[[Terbufos]] *[[Tetrachlorvinphos]] *[[Tribufos]] *[[Trichlorfon]]<!-- === [[Carbamate]]s === *[[Aldicarb]] *[[Bendiocarb]] *[[Carbofuran]] *[[Carbaryl]] *[[Dioxacarb]] *[[Fenobucarb]] *[[Fenoxycarb]] *[[Isoprocarb]] *[[Methomyl]] *[[2-(1-Methylpropyl)phenyl methylcarbamate]] ===[[Pyrethroid]]s=== *[[Allethrin]] *[[Bifenthrin]] *[[Cyhalothrin]] **[[Lambda-cyhalothrin]] *[[Cypermethrin]] *[[Cyfluthrin]] *[[Deltamethrin]] *[[Etofenprox]] *[[Fenvalerate]] *[[Permethrin]] *[[Phenothrin]] *[[Prallethrin]] *[[Resmethrin]] *[[Tetramethrin]] *[[Tralomethrin]] *[[Transfluthrin]] ===[[Neonicotinoid]]s=== *[[Acetamiprid]] *[[Clothianidin]] *[[Imidacloprid]] *[[Nithiazine]] *[[Thiacloprid]] *[[Thiamethoxam]] === [[Ryanoid]]s === *[[Chlorantraniliprole]] *[[Cyantraniliprole]] *[[Flubendiamide]] === Insect growth regulators === *[[Benzoylurea]]s **[[Diflubenzuron]] **[[Flufenoxuron]] *[[Cyromazine]] *[[Methoprene]] *[[Hydroprene]] *[[Tebufenozide]]--> ===Plantae=== *[[Anabasinum]] *[[Anetholum]]<!--mosquito larvae<ref name="sdcinn"/>--> *''[[Azadirachta indica]]'' (neem) *[[Caffeinum]] *''[[Derris]]'' *''[[Nicotiana rustica]]'' *''[[Origanum vulgare]]''<!--oil kills beetles ''[[Rhizopertha dominica]]''<ref> {{cite web| url=http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/05/080522072339.htm| title=Oregano Oil Works As Well As Synthetic Insecticides To Tackle Common Beetle Pest| publisher=www.sciencedaily.com.}} </ref> (bug found in stored cereal)--> *[[Pyrethrum]]<!-- *[[Annonin]] *[[Asimina]] (pawpaw tree seeds) for [[lice]] *[[Azadirachtin]] *[[Carapa]] *[[Cinnamaldehyde]] (very effective for killing mosquito larvae)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wissenschaft.de/wissen/news/243037.html|title=Cornelia Dick-Pfaff: Wohlriechender Mückentod, 19.07.2004}}.</ref> *[[Cinnamon]] leaf oil (very effective for killing mosquito larvae)<ref name="sdcinn"> {{cite web| url=http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2004/07/040716081706.htm| title=Cinnamon Oil Kills Mosquitoes| publisher=www.sciencedaily.com.}} </ref> *[[Cinnamyl acetate]] (kills mosquito larvae)<ref name="sdcinn"/> *[[Citral]] *[[Deguelin]] *[[Derris]] ([[rotenone]]) *''[[Desmodium caudatum]]'' (leaves and roots) *[[Eugenol]] (mosquito larvae)<ref name="sdcinn"/> *[[Linalool]] *[[Myristicin]] *[[Neem]] ([[Azadirachtin]]) *''[[Peganum harmala]]'', seeds (smoke from), root *[[Polyketide]] *''[[Quassia]]'' (South American plant genus) *[[Ryanodine]] *[[Tetranortriterpenoid]] *[[Thymol]] (controls [[varroa mite]]s in [[bees|bee colonies]])<ref name=bees>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/4780034.stm|title=Almond farmers seek healthy bees | work=BBC News | date=2006-03-08}}.</ref>--> ===Res biologicae=== *''[[Bacillus sphaericus]]'' *''[[Bacillus thuringiensis]]'' *''[http://www.biocontrol.entomology.cornell.edu/pathogens/bacteria.html Bacillus thuringiensis aizawi]'' *''[[Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis]]'' *''[http://www.biocontrol.entomology.cornell.edu/pathogens/bacteria.html Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki]'' *''[http://www.biocontrol.entomology.cornell.edu/pathogens/bacteria.html Bacillus thuringiensis tenebrionis]'' *''[[Lecanicillium lecanii]]''<!-- *[[Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus|Nuclear Polyhedrosis virus]] *[[Cydia pomonella granulosis virus|Granulovirus]] *[[Spinosad]] AKA Spinosyn A *[[Spinosyn D]]--> ===Aliae res=== *[[Acidum boricum]] *[[Borax]] *[[Boratum]] *[[Diatomae]] *[[Insecticidium]] *[[Terra diatomacea]] {{div col end}} ==Notae== <div class="references-small"><references/></div> ==Bibliographia== *McWilliams, James E. [[2008]]. ‘The Horizon Opened Up Very Greatly’: Leland O. Howard and the Transition to Chemical Insecticides in the United States, 1894–1927. ''Agricultural History'' 82:468–95. *van Emden, H. F., et David B. Peakall. [[1996]]. ''Beyond Silent Spring.'' Springer. ISBN 978041272800. [https://books.google.com/books?id=PyjFtiNFVG0C Google Books.] ==Nexus externi== {{Wiktionary|insecticide}} *InsectBuzz.com. [https://web.archive.org/web/20101211112244/http://insectbuzz.com/ Nuntia quotidiana de insectis.] *International Pesticide Application Research Centre. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150801105210/http://dropdata.org/ Situs proprius.] *National Pest Management Association. [http://www.pestworld.org/ Situs proprius.] *Patings, P. M. [http://www.zen-garden.org/html/page_control.htm Tsubo-en Control of pests, weeds and diseases in Tsubo-en.] Lelystad Nederlandiae. zen-garden.org. *Statewide Integrated Pest Management Program, University of California Agriculture & Natural Resources. [http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/GENERAL/pesticides.html Pesticide information.] *Vittum, Patricia. [[2016]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20130903022817/http://grounds-mag.com/mag/grounds_maintenance_insecticides_work/index.html How Insecticides Work.] ''Ground Maintenance for Golf & Green Industry Professionals. *Wood, Alan. [http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides/class_insecticides.html Classificatio insecticidarum.]<!-- * Streaming online video about efforts to reduce insecticide use in rice in Bangladesh. [http://www.irri.org/videos/LITE-research.wmv on Windows Media Player], [http://www.irri.org/videos/LITE-research.rm on RealPlayer]--> {{Myrias|Technologia}} [[Categoria:Biocidae]] [[Categoria:Insecticidae|!]] 5g793eaz55ttd8wnw9269s28xknelk6 1 255590 3971953 3043125 2026-07-14T11:32:41Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Insectida: masculinus aut femininus? */ nova pars 3971953 wikitext text/x-wiki {{attributio|en|Insecticide}} == Insectida: masculinus aut femininus? == Latine omnia nomina cum suffixo -cida formata masculini generis sunt: homicida, parricida, matricida etc. Homines quidem designant sed non intellego cur si quodam modo ita personificatur "insecticida" feminini generis esse debuerit. [[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 11:32, 14 Iulii 2026 (UTC) g8jnde5522vlnvhzutzo5tya4zr59w2 3971954 3971953 2026-07-14T11:37:31Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3971954 wikitext text/x-wiki {{attributio|en|Insecticide}} == Insectida: masculinus aut femininus? == Latine omnia nomina cum suffixo -cida formata masculini generis sunt: homicida, parricida, matricida, lapicida, deicida etc. Homines quidem designant sed non intellego cur si quodam modo ita personificatur "insecticida" feminini generis esse debuerit. [[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 11:32, 14 Iulii 2026 (UTC) 07n23k4py6j39y5o3fjgcxumtbfndm4 3971957 3971954 2026-07-14T11:46:12Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3971957 wikitext text/x-wiki {{attributio|en|Insecticide}} == Insecticida: masculinus aut femininus? == Latine omnia nomina cum suffixo -cida formata masculini generis sunt: homicida, parricida, matricida, lapicida, deicida etc. Homines quidem designant sed non intellego cur si quodam modo ita personificatur "insecticida" feminini generis esse debuerit. [[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 11:32, 14 Iulii 2026 (UTC) q27ngg6sd3mcxg157zf1ble3q6vdqa9 0 264165 3971868 3196211 2026-07-13T19:52:35Z LilyKitty 18316 de impedimento 3971868 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Hwang Gyo-an''', litteris Latinis saepe ''Hwang Kyo Ahn'', Coreanis 황교안 ([[Seulum|Seuli]] natus die [[15 Aprilis]] [[1957]]) est causidicus [[res publica Coreana|Coreae meridianae]]. Alumnus est [[universitas Sungkyunkwan|universitatis Sungkyunkwan]]. Advocatus generalis rei publicae Coreanae meruit ab anno [[1995]] usque in [[2011]]. Die [[11 Martii]] [[2013]] minister ab iustitia creatus est a praeside [[Bak Geun-hye]], atque die [[18 Iunii]] [[2015]] primus minister. Qua praeside die [[9 Decembris]] [[2016]] in crimen a [[parlamentum rei publicae Coreanae|parlamento]] vocata, Hwang Gyo-an ab eo die officio praesidis [[impedimentum|impedimento]] ad interim fungitur. == Bibliographia == * "[http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/south-koreas-justice-minister-hwang-kyo-ahn-nominated-as-new-prime-minister South Korea's justice minister Hwang Kyo Ahn nominated as new prime minister]" in ''[[Straits Times]]'' (21 Maii 2015) * "[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jun/18/south-korean-lawmakers-approve-hwang-kyo-ahn-as-prime-minister South Korean lawmakers approve Hwang Kyo-ahn as prime minister]" in ''[[The Guardian]]'' (18 Iunii 2015) * Justin McCurry, "[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/dec/09/south-koreas-parliament-votes-to-impeach-president-park-geun-hye Park Geun-hye: South Korean MPs vote to impeach president]" in ''[[The Guardian]]'' (9 Decembris 2016) {{Praesides Coreae Meridianae}} {{Primi ministri Coreae Meridianae}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hwang Gyoan}} [[Categoria:Nati 1957]] [[Categoria:Homines vivi]] [[Categoria:Politici Coreae]] [[Categoria:Gubernatores civitatum]] [[Categoria:Causidici]] [[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Sungkyunkwan]] czgevj6lcryy753b2m114qf1xci452z 0 265758 3971839 3909598 2026-07-13T15:21:18Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3971839 wikitext text/x-wiki {{taxobox |name=Areca catechu |image = Beetle_palm_with_nut_bunch.jpg |image_caption = Palma fructus ferens |regnum = [[Plantae]] |unranked_divisio = [[Angiospermae]] |unranked_classis = [[Monocotyledones]] |synonyms_ref= |synonyms=*''Areca faufel'' <small>Gaertn.</small> *''Areca hortensis'' <small>Lour.</small> *''Areca cathechu'' <small>Burm.f.</small> *''Sublimia areca'' <small>Comm. ex Mart.</small> *''Areca himalayana'' <small>Griff. ex H.Wendl.</small> *''Areca nigra'' <small>Giseke ex H.Wendl.</small> *''Areca macrocarpa'' <small>Becc.</small> |unranked_ordo = [[Commelinidae]] |ordo = [[Arecales]] |familia = [[Arecaceae]] |genus = ''[[Areca]]'' |species = '''''A. catechu''''' |binomial = ''Areca catechu'' |binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]<ref name=GRIN>''GRIN''</ref> }} '''''Areca catechu''''' ([[binomen]] a [[Carolus Linnaeus|Carolo Linnaeo]] anno [[1753]] statutum) est [[species]] palmarum [[Arecaceae|Arecacearum]], ex [[Indomalaesia]] orta, cuius fructus in foliis ''[[Piper betle]]'' involuti masticari solent. Addictio oriri potest quia arecolinum ut [[nicotinum]] [[Agonista (biochemia)|agonista]] [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris|receptorii]] nicotinici [[Acetylcholinum|acetylcholini]] in [[Systema nervosum centrale|systemate nervoso centrali]] repertum est. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == ; Fontes antiquiores * 1597 : {{ec|id=Gerard (1597)|c=[[Iohannes Gerardus|John Gerard]], ''[[Herbal (Gerard)|The Herball, or generall historie of plantes]]''. Londinii: John Norton [https://archive.org/stream/mobot31753000817749#page/1336/mode/2up pp. 1336-1337] "the drunken date tree"}} * 1741 : {{Rumphius}} vol. 1 pp. 26-[https://archive.org/stream/mobot31753000819414#page/n71/mode/2up 32], tab. 4; cf. {{Merrill}} [http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/38882613#page/131/mode/1up p. 123] * 1753 : {{Linnaeus SP|1189}} "[Areca] cathecu" ; Eruditio * Prakash C. Gupta, C. S. Ray, "[http://www.annals.edu.sg/pdf200409/V33N4p31S.pdf Epidemiology of betel quid usage]" in ''Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore'' vol. 33 (2004) pp. 31S-36S * Prakash C. Gupta, Saman Warnakulasuriya, "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/11462563_Global_Epidemiology_of_Areca_nut_usage Global Epidemiology of Areca nut usage]" in ''Addiction Biology'' vol. 7 (2002) pp. 77-83 * Eric Hirsch, "[https://www.academia.edu/3625482/Consuming_Habits_Global_and_Historical_Perspectives_on_How_Cultures_Define_Drugs_with_Jordan_Goodman_and_Andrew_Sherratt Betelnut ‘bisnis’ and cosmology: a view from Papua New Guinea]" in Jordan Goodman, Paul E. Lovejoy, [[Andreas Sherratt|Andrew Sherratt]], edd., ''Consuming Habits: drugs in history and anthropology'' (Londinii: Routledge, 1995. ISBN 0415090393) pp. 86-97 * Camille Imbault-Huart, "Le Bétel" in ''T'oung Pao'' vol. 5 (1894) pp. 311-328 [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_cQcMAAAAYAAJ#page/n795/mode/2up Textus] [http://www.jstor.org/stable/4525077 JSTOR] * Marcello Spinella, ''The Psychopharmacology of Herbal Medicine: Plant Drugs That Alter Mind, Brain and Behavior''. Cantabrigiae Massachusettensium: MIT Press, 2001. ISBN 0-262-69265-1 * Thomas J. Zumbroich, "The origin and diffusion of betel chewing: a synthesis of evidence from South Asia, Southeast Asia and beyond" in ''Ejournal of Indian Medicine'' vol. 1 (2007/2008) pp. 87-140 [https://web.archive.org/web/20211127045240/https://rjh.ub.rug.nl/eJIM/article/view/24712/22162 Textus] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat}} {{Vicispecies}} {{Fontes de plantis}} * "[http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Areca.html#catechu Areca Catechu]" apud ''Multilingual Multiscript Plant Names Database'' * "[https://web.archive.org/web/20041114090925/http://sun.ars-grin.gov:8080/npgspub/xsql/duke/plantdisp.xsql?taxon=107 Areca Catechu]" apud ''Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases'' {{Titulus italicus}} [[Categoria:Species plantarum]] [[Categoria:Arecoideae]] [[Categoria:Taxa Linnaei]] [[Categoria:Taxa 1753]] [[Categoria:Fructus]] [[Categoria:Stimulantia]] [[Categoria:Fruges Indomalaesiae]] 6gxi65uj1o1qfi4pld3smu6gnu1hz2i 3971841 3971839 2026-07-13T15:48:28Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3971841 wikitext text/x-wiki {{taxobox |name=Areca catechu |image = Beetle_palm_with_nut_bunch.jpg |image_caption = Palma fructus ferens |regnum = [[Plantae]] |unranked_divisio = [[Angiospermae]] |unranked_classis = [[Monocotyledones]] |synonyms_ref= |synonyms=*''Areca faufel'' <small>Gaertn.</small> *''Areca hortensis'' <small>Lour.</small> *''Areca cathechu'' <small>Burm.f.</small> *''Sublimia areca'' <small>Comm. ex Mart.</small> *''Areca himalayana'' <small>Griff. ex H.Wendl.</small> *''Areca nigra'' <small>Giseke ex H.Wendl.</small> *''Areca macrocarpa'' <small>Becc.</small> |unranked_ordo = [[Commelinidae]] |ordo = [[Arecales]] |familia = [[Arecaceae]] |genus = ''[[Areca]]'' |species = '''''A. catechu''''' |binomial = ''Areca catechu'' |binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]<ref name=GRIN>''GRIN''</ref> }} '''''Areca catechu''''' ([[binomen]] a [[Carolus Linnaeus|Carolo Linnaeo]] anno [[1753]] statutum) est [[species]] palmarum [[Arecaceae|Arecacearum]], ex [[Indomalaesia]] orta, cuius fructus in foliis ''[[Piper betle]]'' involuti masticari solent. [[Addictio]] oriri potest quia [[Arecolinum|arecolinum]] ut [[nicotinum]] [[Agonista (biochemia)|agonista]] excitans [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris|receptorii]] nicotinici [[Acetylcholinum|acetylcholini]] in [[Systema nervosum centrale|systemate nervoso centrali]] repertum est. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == ; Fontes antiquiores * 1597 : {{ec|id=Gerard (1597)|c=[[Iohannes Gerardus|John Gerard]], ''[[Herbal (Gerard)|The Herball, or generall historie of plantes]]''. Londinii: John Norton [https://archive.org/stream/mobot31753000817749#page/1336/mode/2up pp. 1336-1337] "the drunken date tree"}} * 1741 : {{Rumphius}} vol. 1 pp. 26-[https://archive.org/stream/mobot31753000819414#page/n71/mode/2up 32], tab. 4; cf. {{Merrill}} [http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/38882613#page/131/mode/1up p. 123] * 1753 : {{Linnaeus SP|1189}} "[Areca] cathecu" ; Eruditio * Prakash C. Gupta, C. S. Ray, "[http://www.annals.edu.sg/pdf200409/V33N4p31S.pdf Epidemiology of betel quid usage]" in ''Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore'' vol. 33 (2004) pp. 31S-36S * Prakash C. Gupta, Saman Warnakulasuriya, "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/11462563_Global_Epidemiology_of_Areca_nut_usage Global Epidemiology of Areca nut usage]" in ''Addiction Biology'' vol. 7 (2002) pp. 77-83 * Eric Hirsch, "[https://www.academia.edu/3625482/Consuming_Habits_Global_and_Historical_Perspectives_on_How_Cultures_Define_Drugs_with_Jordan_Goodman_and_Andrew_Sherratt Betelnut ‘bisnis’ and cosmology: a view from Papua New Guinea]" in Jordan Goodman, Paul E. Lovejoy, [[Andreas Sherratt|Andrew Sherratt]], edd., ''Consuming Habits: drugs in history and anthropology'' (Londinii: Routledge, 1995. ISBN 0415090393) pp. 86-97 * Camille Imbault-Huart, "Le Bétel" in ''T'oung Pao'' vol. 5 (1894) pp. 311-328 [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_cQcMAAAAYAAJ#page/n795/mode/2up Textus] [http://www.jstor.org/stable/4525077 JSTOR] * Marcello Spinella, ''The Psychopharmacology of Herbal Medicine: Plant Drugs That Alter Mind, Brain and Behavior''. Cantabrigiae Massachusettensium: MIT Press, 2001. ISBN 0-262-69265-1 * Thomas J. Zumbroich, "The origin and diffusion of betel chewing: a synthesis of evidence from South Asia, Southeast Asia and beyond" in ''Ejournal of Indian Medicine'' vol. 1 (2007/2008) pp. 87-140 [https://web.archive.org/web/20211127045240/https://rjh.ub.rug.nl/eJIM/article/view/24712/22162 Textus] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat}} {{Vicispecies}} {{Fontes de plantis}} * "[http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Areca.html#catechu Areca Catechu]" apud ''Multilingual Multiscript Plant Names Database'' * "[https://web.archive.org/web/20041114090925/http://sun.ars-grin.gov:8080/npgspub/xsql/duke/plantdisp.xsql?taxon=107 Areca Catechu]" apud ''Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases'' {{Titulus italicus}} [[Categoria:Species plantarum]] [[Categoria:Arecoideae]] [[Categoria:Taxa Linnaei]] [[Categoria:Taxa 1753]] [[Categoria:Fructus]] [[Categoria:Stimulantia]] [[Categoria:Fruges Indomalaesiae]] 6rjb6ykttas1frph7gxgyp2lwtn0lzx 0 266181 3971800 3971698 2026-07-13T12:59:29Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De acetylcholini synthesi in neuronibus */ 3971800 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Acetylcholine.svg|thumb|upright=0.8|Forma [[molecula]]e acetylcholini.]] '''Acetylcholinum'''<ref>[https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/01.HYP.27.3.346 Fons nominis Latini acetylcholini, parte ''Materials'']</ref> sive '''acetylocholinum'''<ref>[https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WMP19620120050/O/M19620050.pdf Fons nominis Latini acetyl<u>o</u>cholini]</ref> est [[substantia]] [[chemia organica|chemica organica]] cum effectu [[neurotransmissor|neurotransmissoris]] [[systema nervosum|systematis nervosi]] et [[systema nervosum centrale|centralis]] et [[systema nervosum periphericum|peripherici]]. Primus e neurotransmissoribus cognitus est. Eius [[nomen proprium|nomen]] ex structura chemica derivatur; [[ester]] enim ex [[acidum aceticum|acido acetico]] et [[cholinum|cholino]] est. == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Amanita muscaria UK.JPG|thumb|''[[Amanita muscaria]]'' [[muscarinum]] [[venenum]] format, quod ad receptoria acetylcholini agit.]] [[Saeculum 19|Saeculi 19]] parte secunda effectus ''[[Amanita muscaria|Amanitae muscariae]]'' ([[fungus|fungi]]) in functionibus corporis physiologicis organorum descripti sunt<ref>{{qc|id=Schmiedeberg et Koppe (1869)}}.</ref>. Revera acetylcholini ipsius et nomen et significatio non prius annum 1914 ab Erwins proposita est<ref>{{qc|id=Erwins (1914)}}.</ref>, ut anno eodem ab Dale relatio inter muscarinum et functionem acetylcholini<ref>{{qc|id=Dale (1914)}}.</ref>. Acetylcolinum "''synthetic muscarine''" (muscarinum syntheticum) aestimatum est; uno tempore ad ''"nicotine" action'' (actionem nicotinicam) mentio facta est. Tum autem distinctio clara inter actiones et ''muscarinicas'' et ''nicotinicas'' ad id tempus incerta erat. == De natura chemica == Acetylcholinum, formula summarum {{chem|C|7|H|16|N|O|2}}, est [[substantia]] [[chemia organica|chemica organica]], [[molecula]] [[colinum|cholini]], quae [[ester]] cum [[grex acetyli|grege acetyli]] (ex [[acidum aceticum|acido acetico]] s. acido ethanoico) format. <gallery> Fasciculus:Cholin (chemical structure).svg|[[Cholinum]] Fasciculus:Acetyl group.svg|[[Grex acetylorum]] Fasciculus:Acetylcholin.svg|Acetylcholinum </gallery> == De systemate cholinergico == [[Fasciculus:Muskeln des weiblichenRumpfes von hinten.gif|thumb|In corporis peripheria acetylcholinum est mediator principalis motuum [[musculus|musculorum]] (transmissione ab nervo ad musculum)]] Systema cholinergicum est summa structurarum, quibus [[Synapsis chemica|synapses]] cholinergicae vel [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris|receptoria cholinergica]] insunt. * [[Synapsis chemica]] vocatur ''cholinergica'', si neurotransmissor eius est acetylcholinum, * [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris]] vocatur [[receptorium acetylcholini|''cholinergicum'']], si neurotransmissor eius est acetylcholinum. Inveniuntur in [[Systema nervosum|systemate nervorso]] mammalium et [[systema nervosum centralie|centrali]] et [[systema nervosum periphericum|peripherico]]. In corporis peripheria acetylcholinum est * mediator principalis motuum musculorum skeleti (transmissionis ab nervo ad musculum). Intra systema nervosum centrale greges tres transmissionis cholinergicae descripti sunt: * [[Neuron motorium|neurona motoria]], imprimis intra [[medulla spinalis|medullam spinalem]], * [[interneuron]]a intra [[striatum (cerebrum)|striatum]], [[cortex cerebri|corticem cerebri]], [[hippocampus (cerebrum)|hippocampus]], velut * [[neuron proiciens|neurona proicientia]] intra [[medullam spinalem]] et [[pars basalis telencephali|partis basalis telencephali]]. == De acetylcholini synthesi in neuronibus == In neuronibus [[Synapsis chemica|praesynapticis]] acetylcholinum ex [[acetylum-CoA|acetylo-CoA]] quod ad [[Cyclus acidi citrici|cyclum acidi citrici]] ex [[Glucosum|glucosi]] oxidatione intra cellulam nascitur ex una parte, et [[Cholinum|cholino]] quod in [[Plasma sanguineum|plasmate]] abundans per cotransportatorem Na+/cholinum intra cellulam attrahitur ex altera parte, per [[enzymum]] ''cholinum acetyltransferasis'' fabricatur. Cholinum cyclico modo redintegratur postquam aliud enzymum ''[[acetylcholesterasis]]'' in rima synaptica acetylcholinum rursus in cholinum et [[acetas|acetatem]] secuit. Acetylcholinum in extremo [[Axon|axone]] praesynaptico elaboratum intra [[Vesicula synaptica|vesiculas]] cumulatur (usque ad decem milia in unam vesiculam!) per [[Transportator neurotransmissoris|transportatorem]] VAChT qui [[Proton|protones]] ex vesicula (cuius pars interior [[acidum|acida]] est) acetylcholino permutat. Ita cum potentia actionis fit actylcholinum in rimam synapticam per [[Exocytosis|exocytosim]] emittitur. == De toxinis synapses cholinergicas turbantibus == [[Organophosphoratum|Organophosphorata]], ut [[gaz sarinum]] dictum (inter [[arma chemica|tela chemica]] numeratum), acetylcholinesterasis actionem cohibent ita ut acetylcholinum in rima synaptica cumuletur et receptoria postsynaptica satiet; e quo fit musculorum [[paralysis]]. Quocirca organo phosphorata in insecticidis frequenter adhibentur. == Medicamenta anticholinergica == Non pauca medicamentorum effectus ''anticholinergicos'' ostendunt, i. e., quod effectus cholinergicos inhibent vel supprimunt. Demonstratum est imprimis in senectute usum medicamentorum cum effectibus anticholinergicis periculosum esse: periculum dementiae crescit<ref>{{qc|id=Coupland et al. (2019)}}</ref>. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == === Historia === * {{ec|id=Schmiedeberg et Koppe (1869)|c=Schmiedeberg O., Koppe R.: [https://books.google.de/books?id=8F0-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PP7&hl=de&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=2#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Das Muscarin. Das giftige Alkaloid des Fliegenpilzes (Agaricus Muscarius L.)''] 1869, Lipsia. ''Verlag Vogel''}} * {{ec|id=Erwins (1914)|c=Erwins A. J.: Acetylcholine, a new active principle of ergot. Biochemical Journal 1914, 8:44}} * {{ec|id=Dale (1914)|c=Dale H. H.: [https://archive.org/details/b30620946/mode/2up ''The action of certain esters and ethers of choline, and their relation to muscarine.] J. Pharmacacol. Exp. Ther.'' Mai 1914, 6: 147-90}} === Dementia effectibus contra acetylcholinum === * {{ec|id=Coupland et al. (2019)|c=Coupland C. A. C., Hill T., Dening T., Morriss R., Moore M., Hippisley-Cox J.: ''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31233095 Anticholinergic Drug Exposure and the Risk of Dementia: A Nested Case-Control Study]''. ''JAMA Internal medicine'' Iun 2019, 179(8):1084-93, [[doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.0677]]}} {{NexInt}} * [[Antagonista muscarinica]] * [[Systema excitans reticulare ascendens]] * [[Systema nervosum autonomicum]] == Nexus externus== * [http://www.bbc.com/news/health-13880553 BBC: pericula seniorum medicamentis] [[Categoria:Neurotransmissores]] [[Categoria:Systema cholinergicum (acetylcholinum)|!]] 6gau1m7qt5y9r4zuujobv857nooyz1n 3971801 3971800 2026-07-13T13:00:25Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De toxinis synapses cholinergicas turbantibus */ 3971801 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Acetylcholine.svg|thumb|upright=0.8|Forma [[molecula]]e acetylcholini.]] '''Acetylcholinum'''<ref>[https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/01.HYP.27.3.346 Fons nominis Latini acetylcholini, parte ''Materials'']</ref> sive '''acetylocholinum'''<ref>[https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WMP19620120050/O/M19620050.pdf Fons nominis Latini acetyl<u>o</u>cholini]</ref> est [[substantia]] [[chemia organica|chemica organica]] cum effectu [[neurotransmissor|neurotransmissoris]] [[systema nervosum|systematis nervosi]] et [[systema nervosum centrale|centralis]] et [[systema nervosum periphericum|peripherici]]. Primus e neurotransmissoribus cognitus est. Eius [[nomen proprium|nomen]] ex structura chemica derivatur; [[ester]] enim ex [[acidum aceticum|acido acetico]] et [[cholinum|cholino]] est. == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Amanita muscaria UK.JPG|thumb|''[[Amanita muscaria]]'' [[muscarinum]] [[venenum]] format, quod ad receptoria acetylcholini agit.]] [[Saeculum 19|Saeculi 19]] parte secunda effectus ''[[Amanita muscaria|Amanitae muscariae]]'' ([[fungus|fungi]]) in functionibus corporis physiologicis organorum descripti sunt<ref>{{qc|id=Schmiedeberg et Koppe (1869)}}.</ref>. Revera acetylcholini ipsius et nomen et significatio non prius annum 1914 ab Erwins proposita est<ref>{{qc|id=Erwins (1914)}}.</ref>, ut anno eodem ab Dale relatio inter muscarinum et functionem acetylcholini<ref>{{qc|id=Dale (1914)}}.</ref>. Acetylcolinum "''synthetic muscarine''" (muscarinum syntheticum) aestimatum est; uno tempore ad ''"nicotine" action'' (actionem nicotinicam) mentio facta est. Tum autem distinctio clara inter actiones et ''muscarinicas'' et ''nicotinicas'' ad id tempus incerta erat. == De natura chemica == Acetylcholinum, formula summarum {{chem|C|7|H|16|N|O|2}}, est [[substantia]] [[chemia organica|chemica organica]], [[molecula]] [[colinum|cholini]], quae [[ester]] cum [[grex acetyli|grege acetyli]] (ex [[acidum aceticum|acido acetico]] s. acido ethanoico) format. <gallery> Fasciculus:Cholin (chemical structure).svg|[[Cholinum]] Fasciculus:Acetyl group.svg|[[Grex acetylorum]] Fasciculus:Acetylcholin.svg|Acetylcholinum </gallery> == De systemate cholinergico == [[Fasciculus:Muskeln des weiblichenRumpfes von hinten.gif|thumb|In corporis peripheria acetylcholinum est mediator principalis motuum [[musculus|musculorum]] (transmissione ab nervo ad musculum)]] Systema cholinergicum est summa structurarum, quibus [[Synapsis chemica|synapses]] cholinergicae vel [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris|receptoria cholinergica]] insunt. * [[Synapsis chemica]] vocatur ''cholinergica'', si neurotransmissor eius est acetylcholinum, * [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris]] vocatur [[receptorium acetylcholini|''cholinergicum'']], si neurotransmissor eius est acetylcholinum. Inveniuntur in [[Systema nervosum|systemate nervorso]] mammalium et [[systema nervosum centralie|centrali]] et [[systema nervosum periphericum|peripherico]]. In corporis peripheria acetylcholinum est * mediator principalis motuum musculorum skeleti (transmissionis ab nervo ad musculum). Intra systema nervosum centrale greges tres transmissionis cholinergicae descripti sunt: * [[Neuron motorium|neurona motoria]], imprimis intra [[medulla spinalis|medullam spinalem]], * [[interneuron]]a intra [[striatum (cerebrum)|striatum]], [[cortex cerebri|corticem cerebri]], [[hippocampus (cerebrum)|hippocampus]], velut * [[neuron proiciens|neurona proicientia]] intra [[medullam spinalem]] et [[pars basalis telencephali|partis basalis telencephali]]. == De acetylcholini synthesi in neuronibus == In neuronibus [[Synapsis chemica|praesynapticis]] acetylcholinum ex [[acetylum-CoA|acetylo-CoA]] quod ad [[Cyclus acidi citrici|cyclum acidi citrici]] ex [[Glucosum|glucosi]] oxidatione intra cellulam nascitur ex una parte, et [[Cholinum|cholino]] quod in [[Plasma sanguineum|plasmate]] abundans per cotransportatorem Na+/cholinum intra cellulam attrahitur ex altera parte, per [[enzymum]] ''cholinum acetyltransferasis'' fabricatur. Cholinum cyclico modo redintegratur postquam aliud enzymum ''[[acetylcholesterasis]]'' in rima synaptica acetylcholinum rursus in cholinum et [[acetas|acetatem]] secuit. Acetylcholinum in extremo [[Axon|axone]] praesynaptico elaboratum intra [[Vesicula synaptica|vesiculas]] cumulatur (usque ad decem milia in unam vesiculam!) per [[Transportator neurotransmissoris|transportatorem]] VAChT qui [[Proton|protones]] ex vesicula (cuius pars interior [[acidum|acida]] est) acetylcholino permutat. Ita cum potentia actionis fit actylcholinum in rimam synapticam per [[Exocytosis|exocytosim]] emittitur. == De toxinis synapses cholinergicas turbantibus == [[Organophosphoratum|Organophosphorata]], ut [[gaz sarinum]] dictum (inter [[arma chemica|tela chemica]] numeratum), acetylcholinesterasis actionem cohibent ita ut acetylcholinum in rima synaptica cumuletur et receptoria postsynaptica satiet; e quo fit musculorum [[paralysis]]. Quocirca organophosphorata in [[Insecticidium|insecticidis]] frequenter adhibentur. == Medicamenta anticholinergica == Non pauca medicamentorum effectus ''anticholinergicos'' ostendunt, i. e., quod effectus cholinergicos inhibent vel supprimunt. Demonstratum est imprimis in senectute usum medicamentorum cum effectibus anticholinergicis periculosum esse: periculum dementiae crescit<ref>{{qc|id=Coupland et al. (2019)}}</ref>. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == === Historia === * {{ec|id=Schmiedeberg et Koppe (1869)|c=Schmiedeberg O., Koppe R.: [https://books.google.de/books?id=8F0-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PP7&hl=de&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=2#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Das Muscarin. Das giftige Alkaloid des Fliegenpilzes (Agaricus Muscarius L.)''] 1869, Lipsia. ''Verlag Vogel''}} * {{ec|id=Erwins (1914)|c=Erwins A. J.: Acetylcholine, a new active principle of ergot. Biochemical Journal 1914, 8:44}} * {{ec|id=Dale (1914)|c=Dale H. H.: [https://archive.org/details/b30620946/mode/2up ''The action of certain esters and ethers of choline, and their relation to muscarine.] J. Pharmacacol. Exp. Ther.'' Mai 1914, 6: 147-90}} === Dementia effectibus contra acetylcholinum === * {{ec|id=Coupland et al. (2019)|c=Coupland C. A. C., Hill T., Dening T., Morriss R., Moore M., Hippisley-Cox J.: ''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31233095 Anticholinergic Drug Exposure and the Risk of Dementia: A Nested Case-Control Study]''. ''JAMA Internal medicine'' Iun 2019, 179(8):1084-93, [[doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.0677]]}} {{NexInt}} * [[Antagonista muscarinica]] * [[Systema excitans reticulare ascendens]] * [[Systema nervosum autonomicum]] == Nexus externus== * [http://www.bbc.com/news/health-13880553 BBC: pericula seniorum medicamentis] [[Categoria:Neurotransmissores]] [[Categoria:Systema cholinergicum (acetylcholinum)|!]] 8cjzxhbr1evb11zatetu3e8lh5fv3fm 3971802 3971801 2026-07-13T13:02:48Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De toxinis synapses cholinergicas turbantibus */ 3971802 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Acetylcholine.svg|thumb|upright=0.8|Forma [[molecula]]e acetylcholini.]] '''Acetylcholinum'''<ref>[https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/01.HYP.27.3.346 Fons nominis Latini acetylcholini, parte ''Materials'']</ref> sive '''acetylocholinum'''<ref>[https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WMP19620120050/O/M19620050.pdf Fons nominis Latini acetyl<u>o</u>cholini]</ref> est [[substantia]] [[chemia organica|chemica organica]] cum effectu [[neurotransmissor|neurotransmissoris]] [[systema nervosum|systematis nervosi]] et [[systema nervosum centrale|centralis]] et [[systema nervosum periphericum|peripherici]]. Primus e neurotransmissoribus cognitus est. Eius [[nomen proprium|nomen]] ex structura chemica derivatur; [[ester]] enim ex [[acidum aceticum|acido acetico]] et [[cholinum|cholino]] est. == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Amanita muscaria UK.JPG|thumb|''[[Amanita muscaria]]'' [[muscarinum]] [[venenum]] format, quod ad receptoria acetylcholini agit.]] [[Saeculum 19|Saeculi 19]] parte secunda effectus ''[[Amanita muscaria|Amanitae muscariae]]'' ([[fungus|fungi]]) in functionibus corporis physiologicis organorum descripti sunt<ref>{{qc|id=Schmiedeberg et Koppe (1869)}}.</ref>. Revera acetylcholini ipsius et nomen et significatio non prius annum 1914 ab Erwins proposita est<ref>{{qc|id=Erwins (1914)}}.</ref>, ut anno eodem ab Dale relatio inter muscarinum et functionem acetylcholini<ref>{{qc|id=Dale (1914)}}.</ref>. Acetylcolinum "''synthetic muscarine''" (muscarinum syntheticum) aestimatum est; uno tempore ad ''"nicotine" action'' (actionem nicotinicam) mentio facta est. Tum autem distinctio clara inter actiones et ''muscarinicas'' et ''nicotinicas'' ad id tempus incerta erat. == De natura chemica == Acetylcholinum, formula summarum {{chem|C|7|H|16|N|O|2}}, est [[substantia]] [[chemia organica|chemica organica]], [[molecula]] [[colinum|cholini]], quae [[ester]] cum [[grex acetyli|grege acetyli]] (ex [[acidum aceticum|acido acetico]] s. acido ethanoico) format. <gallery> Fasciculus:Cholin (chemical structure).svg|[[Cholinum]] Fasciculus:Acetyl group.svg|[[Grex acetylorum]] Fasciculus:Acetylcholin.svg|Acetylcholinum </gallery> == De systemate cholinergico == [[Fasciculus:Muskeln des weiblichenRumpfes von hinten.gif|thumb|In corporis peripheria acetylcholinum est mediator principalis motuum [[musculus|musculorum]] (transmissione ab nervo ad musculum)]] Systema cholinergicum est summa structurarum, quibus [[Synapsis chemica|synapses]] cholinergicae vel [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris|receptoria cholinergica]] insunt. * [[Synapsis chemica]] vocatur ''cholinergica'', si neurotransmissor eius est acetylcholinum, * [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris]] vocatur [[receptorium acetylcholini|''cholinergicum'']], si neurotransmissor eius est acetylcholinum. Inveniuntur in [[Systema nervosum|systemate nervorso]] mammalium et [[systema nervosum centralie|centrali]] et [[systema nervosum periphericum|peripherico]]. In corporis peripheria acetylcholinum est * mediator principalis motuum musculorum skeleti (transmissionis ab nervo ad musculum). Intra systema nervosum centrale greges tres transmissionis cholinergicae descripti sunt: * [[Neuron motorium|neurona motoria]], imprimis intra [[medulla spinalis|medullam spinalem]], * [[interneuron]]a intra [[striatum (cerebrum)|striatum]], [[cortex cerebri|corticem cerebri]], [[hippocampus (cerebrum)|hippocampus]], velut * [[neuron proiciens|neurona proicientia]] intra [[medullam spinalem]] et [[pars basalis telencephali|partis basalis telencephali]]. == De acetylcholini synthesi in neuronibus == In neuronibus [[Synapsis chemica|praesynapticis]] acetylcholinum ex [[acetylum-CoA|acetylo-CoA]] quod ad [[Cyclus acidi citrici|cyclum acidi citrici]] ex [[Glucosum|glucosi]] oxidatione intra cellulam nascitur ex una parte, et [[Cholinum|cholino]] quod in [[Plasma sanguineum|plasmate]] abundans per cotransportatorem Na+/cholinum intra cellulam attrahitur ex altera parte, per [[enzymum]] ''cholinum acetyltransferasis'' fabricatur. Cholinum cyclico modo redintegratur postquam aliud enzymum ''[[acetylcholesterasis]]'' in rima synaptica acetylcholinum rursus in cholinum et [[acetas|acetatem]] secuit. Acetylcholinum in extremo [[Axon|axone]] praesynaptico elaboratum intra [[Vesicula synaptica|vesiculas]] cumulatur (usque ad decem milia in unam vesiculam!) per [[Transportator neurotransmissoris|transportatorem]] VAChT qui [[Proton|protones]] ex vesicula (cuius pars interior [[acidum|acida]] est) acetylcholino permutat. Ita cum potentia actionis fit actylcholinum in rimam synapticam per [[Exocytosis|exocytosim]] emittitur. == De toxinis synapses cholinergicas turbantibus == [[Organophosphoratum|Organophosphorata]], ut [[gaz sarinum]] dictum (inter [[arma chemica|tela chemica]] numeratum), acetylcholinesterasis actionem cohibent ita ut acetylcholinum in rima synaptica cumuletur et receptoria postsynaptica satiet; e quo fit musculorum [[paralysis]]. Quocirca organophosphorata in [[Insecticida|insecticidis]] frequenter adhibentur. == Medicamenta anticholinergica == Non pauca medicamentorum effectus ''anticholinergicos'' ostendunt, i. e., quod effectus cholinergicos inhibent vel supprimunt. Demonstratum est imprimis in senectute usum medicamentorum cum effectibus anticholinergicis periculosum esse: periculum dementiae crescit<ref>{{qc|id=Coupland et al. (2019)}}</ref>. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == === Historia === * {{ec|id=Schmiedeberg et Koppe (1869)|c=Schmiedeberg O., Koppe R.: [https://books.google.de/books?id=8F0-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PP7&hl=de&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=2#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Das Muscarin. Das giftige Alkaloid des Fliegenpilzes (Agaricus Muscarius L.)''] 1869, Lipsia. ''Verlag Vogel''}} * {{ec|id=Erwins (1914)|c=Erwins A. J.: Acetylcholine, a new active principle of ergot. Biochemical Journal 1914, 8:44}} * {{ec|id=Dale (1914)|c=Dale H. H.: [https://archive.org/details/b30620946/mode/2up ''The action of certain esters and ethers of choline, and their relation to muscarine.] J. Pharmacacol. Exp. Ther.'' Mai 1914, 6: 147-90}} === Dementia effectibus contra acetylcholinum === * {{ec|id=Coupland et al. (2019)|c=Coupland C. A. C., Hill T., Dening T., Morriss R., Moore M., Hippisley-Cox J.: ''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31233095 Anticholinergic Drug Exposure and the Risk of Dementia: A Nested Case-Control Study]''. ''JAMA Internal medicine'' Iun 2019, 179(8):1084-93, [[doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.0677]]}} {{NexInt}} * [[Antagonista muscarinica]] * [[Systema excitans reticulare ascendens]] * [[Systema nervosum autonomicum]] == Nexus externus== * [http://www.bbc.com/news/health-13880553 BBC: pericula seniorum medicamentis] [[Categoria:Neurotransmissores]] [[Categoria:Systema cholinergicum (acetylcholinum)|!]] h856iv2q9q8sz1jpd1gfpw8e37ei7d7 3971805 3971802 2026-07-13T13:12:35Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De toxinis synapses cholinergicas turbantibus */ 3971805 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Acetylcholine.svg|thumb|upright=0.8|Forma [[molecula]]e acetylcholini.]] '''Acetylcholinum'''<ref>[https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/01.HYP.27.3.346 Fons nominis Latini acetylcholini, parte ''Materials'']</ref> sive '''acetylocholinum'''<ref>[https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WMP19620120050/O/M19620050.pdf Fons nominis Latini acetyl<u>o</u>cholini]</ref> est [[substantia]] [[chemia organica|chemica organica]] cum effectu [[neurotransmissor|neurotransmissoris]] [[systema nervosum|systematis nervosi]] et [[systema nervosum centrale|centralis]] et [[systema nervosum periphericum|peripherici]]. Primus e neurotransmissoribus cognitus est. Eius [[nomen proprium|nomen]] ex structura chemica derivatur; [[ester]] enim ex [[acidum aceticum|acido acetico]] et [[cholinum|cholino]] est. == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Amanita muscaria UK.JPG|thumb|''[[Amanita muscaria]]'' [[muscarinum]] [[venenum]] format, quod ad receptoria acetylcholini agit.]] [[Saeculum 19|Saeculi 19]] parte secunda effectus ''[[Amanita muscaria|Amanitae muscariae]]'' ([[fungus|fungi]]) in functionibus corporis physiologicis organorum descripti sunt<ref>{{qc|id=Schmiedeberg et Koppe (1869)}}.</ref>. Revera acetylcholini ipsius et nomen et significatio non prius annum 1914 ab Erwins proposita est<ref>{{qc|id=Erwins (1914)}}.</ref>, ut anno eodem ab Dale relatio inter muscarinum et functionem acetylcholini<ref>{{qc|id=Dale (1914)}}.</ref>. Acetylcolinum "''synthetic muscarine''" (muscarinum syntheticum) aestimatum est; uno tempore ad ''"nicotine" action'' (actionem nicotinicam) mentio facta est. Tum autem distinctio clara inter actiones et ''muscarinicas'' et ''nicotinicas'' ad id tempus incerta erat. == De natura chemica == Acetylcholinum, formula summarum {{chem|C|7|H|16|N|O|2}}, est [[substantia]] [[chemia organica|chemica organica]], [[molecula]] [[colinum|cholini]], quae [[ester]] cum [[grex acetyli|grege acetyli]] (ex [[acidum aceticum|acido acetico]] s. acido ethanoico) format. <gallery> Fasciculus:Cholin (chemical structure).svg|[[Cholinum]] Fasciculus:Acetyl group.svg|[[Grex acetylorum]] Fasciculus:Acetylcholin.svg|Acetylcholinum </gallery> == De systemate cholinergico == [[Fasciculus:Muskeln des weiblichenRumpfes von hinten.gif|thumb|In corporis peripheria acetylcholinum est mediator principalis motuum [[musculus|musculorum]] (transmissione ab nervo ad musculum)]] Systema cholinergicum est summa structurarum, quibus [[Synapsis chemica|synapses]] cholinergicae vel [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris|receptoria cholinergica]] insunt. * [[Synapsis chemica]] vocatur ''cholinergica'', si neurotransmissor eius est acetylcholinum, * [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris]] vocatur [[receptorium acetylcholini|''cholinergicum'']], si neurotransmissor eius est acetylcholinum. Inveniuntur in [[Systema nervosum|systemate nervorso]] mammalium et [[systema nervosum centralie|centrali]] et [[systema nervosum periphericum|peripherico]]. In corporis peripheria acetylcholinum est * mediator principalis motuum musculorum skeleti (transmissionis ab nervo ad musculum). Intra systema nervosum centrale greges tres transmissionis cholinergicae descripti sunt: * [[Neuron motorium|neurona motoria]], imprimis intra [[medulla spinalis|medullam spinalem]], * [[interneuron]]a intra [[striatum (cerebrum)|striatum]], [[cortex cerebri|corticem cerebri]], [[hippocampus (cerebrum)|hippocampus]], velut * [[neuron proiciens|neurona proicientia]] intra [[medullam spinalem]] et [[pars basalis telencephali|partis basalis telencephali]]. == De acetylcholini synthesi in neuronibus == In neuronibus [[Synapsis chemica|praesynapticis]] acetylcholinum ex [[acetylum-CoA|acetylo-CoA]] quod ad [[Cyclus acidi citrici|cyclum acidi citrici]] ex [[Glucosum|glucosi]] oxidatione intra cellulam nascitur ex una parte, et [[Cholinum|cholino]] quod in [[Plasma sanguineum|plasmate]] abundans per cotransportatorem Na+/cholinum intra cellulam attrahitur ex altera parte, per [[enzymum]] ''cholinum acetyltransferasis'' fabricatur. Cholinum cyclico modo redintegratur postquam aliud enzymum ''[[acetylcholesterasis]]'' in rima synaptica acetylcholinum rursus in cholinum et [[acetas|acetatem]] secuit. Acetylcholinum in extremo [[Axon|axone]] praesynaptico elaboratum intra [[Vesicula synaptica|vesiculas]] cumulatur (usque ad decem milia in unam vesiculam!) per [[Transportator neurotransmissoris|transportatorem]] VAChT qui [[Proton|protones]] ex vesicula (cuius pars interior [[acidum|acida]] est) acetylcholino permutat. Ita cum potentia actionis fit actylcholinum in rimam synapticam per [[Exocytosis|exocytosim]] emittitur. == De toxinis synapses cholinergicas turbantibus == [[Organophosphas|Organophosphorata]], ut [[gaz sarinum]] dictum (inter [[arma chemica|tela chemica]] numeratum), acetylcholinesterasis actionem cohibent ita ut acetylcholinum in rima synaptica cumuletur et receptoria postsynaptica satiet; e quo fit musculorum [[paralysis]]. Quocirca organophosphorata in [[Insecticida|insecticidis]] frequenter adhibentur. == Medicamenta anticholinergica == Non pauca medicamentorum effectus ''anticholinergicos'' ostendunt, i. e., quod effectus cholinergicos inhibent vel supprimunt. Demonstratum est imprimis in senectute usum medicamentorum cum effectibus anticholinergicis periculosum esse: periculum dementiae crescit<ref>{{qc|id=Coupland et al. (2019)}}</ref>. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == === Historia === * {{ec|id=Schmiedeberg et Koppe (1869)|c=Schmiedeberg O., Koppe R.: [https://books.google.de/books?id=8F0-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PP7&hl=de&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=2#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Das Muscarin. Das giftige Alkaloid des Fliegenpilzes (Agaricus Muscarius L.)''] 1869, Lipsia. ''Verlag Vogel''}} * {{ec|id=Erwins (1914)|c=Erwins A. J.: Acetylcholine, a new active principle of ergot. Biochemical Journal 1914, 8:44}} * {{ec|id=Dale (1914)|c=Dale H. H.: [https://archive.org/details/b30620946/mode/2up ''The action of certain esters and ethers of choline, and their relation to muscarine.] J. Pharmacacol. Exp. Ther.'' Mai 1914, 6: 147-90}} === Dementia effectibus contra acetylcholinum === * {{ec|id=Coupland et al. (2019)|c=Coupland C. A. C., Hill T., Dening T., Morriss R., Moore M., Hippisley-Cox J.: ''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31233095 Anticholinergic Drug Exposure and the Risk of Dementia: A Nested Case-Control Study]''. ''JAMA Internal medicine'' Iun 2019, 179(8):1084-93, [[doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.0677]]}} {{NexInt}} * [[Antagonista muscarinica]] * [[Systema excitans reticulare ascendens]] * [[Systema nervosum autonomicum]] == Nexus externus== * [http://www.bbc.com/news/health-13880553 BBC: pericula seniorum medicamentis] [[Categoria:Neurotransmissores]] [[Categoria:Systema cholinergicum (acetylcholinum)|!]] 9tga0no76aap627lt5t1u2ngl3176o4 3971806 3971805 2026-07-13T13:13:01Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De toxinis synapses cholinergicas turbantibus */ 3971806 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Acetylcholine.svg|thumb|upright=0.8|Forma [[molecula]]e acetylcholini.]] '''Acetylcholinum'''<ref>[https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/01.HYP.27.3.346 Fons nominis Latini acetylcholini, parte ''Materials'']</ref> sive '''acetylocholinum'''<ref>[https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WMP19620120050/O/M19620050.pdf Fons nominis Latini acetyl<u>o</u>cholini]</ref> est [[substantia]] [[chemia organica|chemica organica]] cum effectu [[neurotransmissor|neurotransmissoris]] [[systema nervosum|systematis nervosi]] et [[systema nervosum centrale|centralis]] et [[systema nervosum periphericum|peripherici]]. Primus e neurotransmissoribus cognitus est. Eius [[nomen proprium|nomen]] ex structura chemica derivatur; [[ester]] enim ex [[acidum aceticum|acido acetico]] et [[cholinum|cholino]] est. == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Amanita muscaria UK.JPG|thumb|''[[Amanita muscaria]]'' [[muscarinum]] [[venenum]] format, quod ad receptoria acetylcholini agit.]] [[Saeculum 19|Saeculi 19]] parte secunda effectus ''[[Amanita muscaria|Amanitae muscariae]]'' ([[fungus|fungi]]) in functionibus corporis physiologicis organorum descripti sunt<ref>{{qc|id=Schmiedeberg et Koppe (1869)}}.</ref>. Revera acetylcholini ipsius et nomen et significatio non prius annum 1914 ab Erwins proposita est<ref>{{qc|id=Erwins (1914)}}.</ref>, ut anno eodem ab Dale relatio inter muscarinum et functionem acetylcholini<ref>{{qc|id=Dale (1914)}}.</ref>. Acetylcolinum "''synthetic muscarine''" (muscarinum syntheticum) aestimatum est; uno tempore ad ''"nicotine" action'' (actionem nicotinicam) mentio facta est. Tum autem distinctio clara inter actiones et ''muscarinicas'' et ''nicotinicas'' ad id tempus incerta erat. == De natura chemica == Acetylcholinum, formula summarum {{chem|C|7|H|16|N|O|2}}, est [[substantia]] [[chemia organica|chemica organica]], [[molecula]] [[colinum|cholini]], quae [[ester]] cum [[grex acetyli|grege acetyli]] (ex [[acidum aceticum|acido acetico]] s. acido ethanoico) format. <gallery> Fasciculus:Cholin (chemical structure).svg|[[Cholinum]] Fasciculus:Acetyl group.svg|[[Grex acetylorum]] Fasciculus:Acetylcholin.svg|Acetylcholinum </gallery> == De systemate cholinergico == [[Fasciculus:Muskeln des weiblichenRumpfes von hinten.gif|thumb|In corporis peripheria acetylcholinum est mediator principalis motuum [[musculus|musculorum]] (transmissione ab nervo ad musculum)]] Systema cholinergicum est summa structurarum, quibus [[Synapsis chemica|synapses]] cholinergicae vel [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris|receptoria cholinergica]] insunt. * [[Synapsis chemica]] vocatur ''cholinergica'', si neurotransmissor eius est acetylcholinum, * [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris]] vocatur [[receptorium acetylcholini|''cholinergicum'']], si neurotransmissor eius est acetylcholinum. Inveniuntur in [[Systema nervosum|systemate nervorso]] mammalium et [[systema nervosum centralie|centrali]] et [[systema nervosum periphericum|peripherico]]. In corporis peripheria acetylcholinum est * mediator principalis motuum musculorum skeleti (transmissionis ab nervo ad musculum). Intra systema nervosum centrale greges tres transmissionis cholinergicae descripti sunt: * [[Neuron motorium|neurona motoria]], imprimis intra [[medulla spinalis|medullam spinalem]], * [[interneuron]]a intra [[striatum (cerebrum)|striatum]], [[cortex cerebri|corticem cerebri]], [[hippocampus (cerebrum)|hippocampus]], velut * [[neuron proiciens|neurona proicientia]] intra [[medullam spinalem]] et [[pars basalis telencephali|partis basalis telencephali]]. == De acetylcholini synthesi in neuronibus == In neuronibus [[Synapsis chemica|praesynapticis]] acetylcholinum ex [[acetylum-CoA|acetylo-CoA]] quod ad [[Cyclus acidi citrici|cyclum acidi citrici]] ex [[Glucosum|glucosi]] oxidatione intra cellulam nascitur ex una parte, et [[Cholinum|cholino]] quod in [[Plasma sanguineum|plasmate]] abundans per cotransportatorem Na+/cholinum intra cellulam attrahitur ex altera parte, per [[enzymum]] ''cholinum acetyltransferasis'' fabricatur. Cholinum cyclico modo redintegratur postquam aliud enzymum ''[[acetylcholesterasis]]'' in rima synaptica acetylcholinum rursus in cholinum et [[acetas|acetatem]] secuit. Acetylcholinum in extremo [[Axon|axone]] praesynaptico elaboratum intra [[Vesicula synaptica|vesiculas]] cumulatur (usque ad decem milia in unam vesiculam!) per [[Transportator neurotransmissoris|transportatorem]] VAChT qui [[Proton|protones]] ex vesicula (cuius pars interior [[acidum|acida]] est) acetylcholino permutat. Ita cum potentia actionis fit actylcholinum in rimam synapticam per [[Exocytosis|exocytosim]] emittitur. == De toxinis synapses cholinergicas turbantibus == [[Organophosphas|Organophosphorata]], ut [[gas sarinum]] dictum (inter [[arma chemica|tela chemica]] numeratum), acetylcholinesterasis actionem cohibent ita ut acetylcholinum in rima synaptica cumuletur et receptoria postsynaptica satiet; e quo fit musculorum [[paralysis]]. Quocirca organophosphorata in [[Insecticida|insecticidis]] frequenter adhibentur. == Medicamenta anticholinergica == Non pauca medicamentorum effectus ''anticholinergicos'' ostendunt, i. e., quod effectus cholinergicos inhibent vel supprimunt. Demonstratum est imprimis in senectute usum medicamentorum cum effectibus anticholinergicis periculosum esse: periculum dementiae crescit<ref>{{qc|id=Coupland et al. (2019)}}</ref>. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == === Historia === * {{ec|id=Schmiedeberg et Koppe (1869)|c=Schmiedeberg O., Koppe R.: [https://books.google.de/books?id=8F0-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PP7&hl=de&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=2#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Das Muscarin. Das giftige Alkaloid des Fliegenpilzes (Agaricus Muscarius L.)''] 1869, Lipsia. ''Verlag Vogel''}} * {{ec|id=Erwins (1914)|c=Erwins A. J.: Acetylcholine, a new active principle of ergot. Biochemical Journal 1914, 8:44}} * {{ec|id=Dale (1914)|c=Dale H. H.: [https://archive.org/details/b30620946/mode/2up ''The action of certain esters and ethers of choline, and their relation to muscarine.] J. Pharmacacol. Exp. Ther.'' Mai 1914, 6: 147-90}} === Dementia effectibus contra acetylcholinum === * {{ec|id=Coupland et al. (2019)|c=Coupland C. A. C., Hill T., Dening T., Morriss R., Moore M., Hippisley-Cox J.: ''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31233095 Anticholinergic Drug Exposure and the Risk of Dementia: A Nested Case-Control Study]''. ''JAMA Internal medicine'' Iun 2019, 179(8):1084-93, [[doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.0677]]}} {{NexInt}} * [[Antagonista muscarinica]] * [[Systema excitans reticulare ascendens]] * [[Systema nervosum autonomicum]] == Nexus externus== * [http://www.bbc.com/news/health-13880553 BBC: pericula seniorum medicamentis] [[Categoria:Neurotransmissores]] [[Categoria:Systema cholinergicum (acetylcholinum)|!]] gnc08ft6d3vg7rt11fwjrpfno28cd8k 3971807 3971806 2026-07-13T13:13:14Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De toxinis synapses cholinergicas turbantibus */ 3971807 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Acetylcholine.svg|thumb|upright=0.8|Forma [[molecula]]e acetylcholini.]] '''Acetylcholinum'''<ref>[https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/01.HYP.27.3.346 Fons nominis Latini acetylcholini, parte ''Materials'']</ref> sive '''acetylocholinum'''<ref>[https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WMP19620120050/O/M19620050.pdf Fons nominis Latini acetyl<u>o</u>cholini]</ref> est [[substantia]] [[chemia organica|chemica organica]] cum effectu [[neurotransmissor|neurotransmissoris]] [[systema nervosum|systematis nervosi]] et [[systema nervosum centrale|centralis]] et [[systema nervosum periphericum|peripherici]]. Primus e neurotransmissoribus cognitus est. Eius [[nomen proprium|nomen]] ex structura chemica derivatur; [[ester]] enim ex [[acidum aceticum|acido acetico]] et [[cholinum|cholino]] est. == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Amanita muscaria UK.JPG|thumb|''[[Amanita muscaria]]'' [[muscarinum]] [[venenum]] format, quod ad receptoria acetylcholini agit.]] [[Saeculum 19|Saeculi 19]] parte secunda effectus ''[[Amanita muscaria|Amanitae muscariae]]'' ([[fungus|fungi]]) in functionibus corporis physiologicis organorum descripti sunt<ref>{{qc|id=Schmiedeberg et Koppe (1869)}}.</ref>. Revera acetylcholini ipsius et nomen et significatio non prius annum 1914 ab Erwins proposita est<ref>{{qc|id=Erwins (1914)}}.</ref>, ut anno eodem ab Dale relatio inter muscarinum et functionem acetylcholini<ref>{{qc|id=Dale (1914)}}.</ref>. Acetylcolinum "''synthetic muscarine''" (muscarinum syntheticum) aestimatum est; uno tempore ad ''"nicotine" action'' (actionem nicotinicam) mentio facta est. Tum autem distinctio clara inter actiones et ''muscarinicas'' et ''nicotinicas'' ad id tempus incerta erat. == De natura chemica == Acetylcholinum, formula summarum {{chem|C|7|H|16|N|O|2}}, est [[substantia]] [[chemia organica|chemica organica]], [[molecula]] [[colinum|cholini]], quae [[ester]] cum [[grex acetyli|grege acetyli]] (ex [[acidum aceticum|acido acetico]] s. acido ethanoico) format. <gallery> Fasciculus:Cholin (chemical structure).svg|[[Cholinum]] Fasciculus:Acetyl group.svg|[[Grex acetylorum]] Fasciculus:Acetylcholin.svg|Acetylcholinum </gallery> == De systemate cholinergico == [[Fasciculus:Muskeln des weiblichenRumpfes von hinten.gif|thumb|In corporis peripheria acetylcholinum est mediator principalis motuum [[musculus|musculorum]] (transmissione ab nervo ad musculum)]] Systema cholinergicum est summa structurarum, quibus [[Synapsis chemica|synapses]] cholinergicae vel [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris|receptoria cholinergica]] insunt. * [[Synapsis chemica]] vocatur ''cholinergica'', si neurotransmissor eius est acetylcholinum, * [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris]] vocatur [[receptorium acetylcholini|''cholinergicum'']], si neurotransmissor eius est acetylcholinum. Inveniuntur in [[Systema nervosum|systemate nervorso]] mammalium et [[systema nervosum centralie|centrali]] et [[systema nervosum periphericum|peripherico]]. In corporis peripheria acetylcholinum est * mediator principalis motuum musculorum skeleti (transmissionis ab nervo ad musculum). Intra systema nervosum centrale greges tres transmissionis cholinergicae descripti sunt: * [[Neuron motorium|neurona motoria]], imprimis intra [[medulla spinalis|medullam spinalem]], * [[interneuron]]a intra [[striatum (cerebrum)|striatum]], [[cortex cerebri|corticem cerebri]], [[hippocampus (cerebrum)|hippocampus]], velut * [[neuron proiciens|neurona proicientia]] intra [[medullam spinalem]] et [[pars basalis telencephali|partis basalis telencephali]]. == De acetylcholini synthesi in neuronibus == In neuronibus [[Synapsis chemica|praesynapticis]] acetylcholinum ex [[acetylum-CoA|acetylo-CoA]] quod ad [[Cyclus acidi citrici|cyclum acidi citrici]] ex [[Glucosum|glucosi]] oxidatione intra cellulam nascitur ex una parte, et [[Cholinum|cholino]] quod in [[Plasma sanguineum|plasmate]] abundans per cotransportatorem Na+/cholinum intra cellulam attrahitur ex altera parte, per [[enzymum]] ''cholinum acetyltransferasis'' fabricatur. Cholinum cyclico modo redintegratur postquam aliud enzymum ''[[acetylcholesterasis]]'' in rima synaptica acetylcholinum rursus in cholinum et [[acetas|acetatem]] secuit. Acetylcholinum in extremo [[Axon|axone]] praesynaptico elaboratum intra [[Vesicula synaptica|vesiculas]] cumulatur (usque ad decem milia in unam vesiculam!) per [[Transportator neurotransmissoris|transportatorem]] VAChT qui [[Proton|protones]] ex vesicula (cuius pars interior [[acidum|acida]] est) acetylcholino permutat. Ita cum potentia actionis fit actylcholinum in rimam synapticam per [[Exocytosis|exocytosim]] emittitur. == De toxinis synapses cholinergicas turbantibus == [[Organophosphas|Organophosphorata]], ut [[gas Sarinum]] dictum (inter [[arma chemica|tela chemica]] numeratum), acetylcholinesterasis actionem cohibent ita ut acetylcholinum in rima synaptica cumuletur et receptoria postsynaptica satiet; e quo fit musculorum [[paralysis]]. Quocirca organophosphorata in [[Insecticida|insecticidis]] frequenter adhibentur. == Medicamenta anticholinergica == Non pauca medicamentorum effectus ''anticholinergicos'' ostendunt, i. e., quod effectus cholinergicos inhibent vel supprimunt. Demonstratum est imprimis in senectute usum medicamentorum cum effectibus anticholinergicis periculosum esse: periculum dementiae crescit<ref>{{qc|id=Coupland et al. (2019)}}</ref>. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == === Historia === * {{ec|id=Schmiedeberg et Koppe (1869)|c=Schmiedeberg O., Koppe R.: [https://books.google.de/books?id=8F0-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PP7&hl=de&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=2#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Das Muscarin. Das giftige Alkaloid des Fliegenpilzes (Agaricus Muscarius L.)''] 1869, Lipsia. ''Verlag Vogel''}} * {{ec|id=Erwins (1914)|c=Erwins A. J.: Acetylcholine, a new active principle of ergot. Biochemical Journal 1914, 8:44}} * {{ec|id=Dale (1914)|c=Dale H. H.: [https://archive.org/details/b30620946/mode/2up ''The action of certain esters and ethers of choline, and their relation to muscarine.] J. Pharmacacol. Exp. Ther.'' Mai 1914, 6: 147-90}} === Dementia effectibus contra acetylcholinum === * {{ec|id=Coupland et al. (2019)|c=Coupland C. A. C., Hill T., Dening T., Morriss R., Moore M., Hippisley-Cox J.: ''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31233095 Anticholinergic Drug Exposure and the Risk of Dementia: A Nested Case-Control Study]''. ''JAMA Internal medicine'' Iun 2019, 179(8):1084-93, [[doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.0677]]}} {{NexInt}} * [[Antagonista muscarinica]] * [[Systema excitans reticulare ascendens]] * [[Systema nervosum autonomicum]] == Nexus externus== * [http://www.bbc.com/news/health-13880553 BBC: pericula seniorum medicamentis] [[Categoria:Neurotransmissores]] [[Categoria:Systema cholinergicum (acetylcholinum)|!]] hjq42586zwkh09zmohnwd38nr7mtr8y 3971810 3971807 2026-07-13T13:27:43Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De toxinis synapses cholinergicas turbantibus */ 3971810 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Acetylcholine.svg|thumb|upright=0.8|Forma [[molecula]]e acetylcholini.]] '''Acetylcholinum'''<ref>[https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/01.HYP.27.3.346 Fons nominis Latini acetylcholini, parte ''Materials'']</ref> sive '''acetylocholinum'''<ref>[https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WMP19620120050/O/M19620050.pdf Fons nominis Latini acetyl<u>o</u>cholini]</ref> est [[substantia]] [[chemia organica|chemica organica]] cum effectu [[neurotransmissor|neurotransmissoris]] [[systema nervosum|systematis nervosi]] et [[systema nervosum centrale|centralis]] et [[systema nervosum periphericum|peripherici]]. Primus e neurotransmissoribus cognitus est. Eius [[nomen proprium|nomen]] ex structura chemica derivatur; [[ester]] enim ex [[acidum aceticum|acido acetico]] et [[cholinum|cholino]] est. == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Amanita muscaria UK.JPG|thumb|''[[Amanita muscaria]]'' [[muscarinum]] [[venenum]] format, quod ad receptoria acetylcholini agit.]] [[Saeculum 19|Saeculi 19]] parte secunda effectus ''[[Amanita muscaria|Amanitae muscariae]]'' ([[fungus|fungi]]) in functionibus corporis physiologicis organorum descripti sunt<ref>{{qc|id=Schmiedeberg et Koppe (1869)}}.</ref>. Revera acetylcholini ipsius et nomen et significatio non prius annum 1914 ab Erwins proposita est<ref>{{qc|id=Erwins (1914)}}.</ref>, ut anno eodem ab Dale relatio inter muscarinum et functionem acetylcholini<ref>{{qc|id=Dale (1914)}}.</ref>. Acetylcolinum "''synthetic muscarine''" (muscarinum syntheticum) aestimatum est; uno tempore ad ''"nicotine" action'' (actionem nicotinicam) mentio facta est. Tum autem distinctio clara inter actiones et ''muscarinicas'' et ''nicotinicas'' ad id tempus incerta erat. == De natura chemica == Acetylcholinum, formula summarum {{chem|C|7|H|16|N|O|2}}, est [[substantia]] [[chemia organica|chemica organica]], [[molecula]] [[colinum|cholini]], quae [[ester]] cum [[grex acetyli|grege acetyli]] (ex [[acidum aceticum|acido acetico]] s. acido ethanoico) format. <gallery> Fasciculus:Cholin (chemical structure).svg|[[Cholinum]] Fasciculus:Acetyl group.svg|[[Grex acetylorum]] Fasciculus:Acetylcholin.svg|Acetylcholinum </gallery> == De systemate cholinergico == [[Fasciculus:Muskeln des weiblichenRumpfes von hinten.gif|thumb|In corporis peripheria acetylcholinum est mediator principalis motuum [[musculus|musculorum]] (transmissione ab nervo ad musculum)]] Systema cholinergicum est summa structurarum, quibus [[Synapsis chemica|synapses]] cholinergicae vel [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris|receptoria cholinergica]] insunt. * [[Synapsis chemica]] vocatur ''cholinergica'', si neurotransmissor eius est acetylcholinum, * [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris]] vocatur [[receptorium acetylcholini|''cholinergicum'']], si neurotransmissor eius est acetylcholinum. Inveniuntur in [[Systema nervosum|systemate nervorso]] mammalium et [[systema nervosum centralie|centrali]] et [[systema nervosum periphericum|peripherico]]. In corporis peripheria acetylcholinum est * mediator principalis motuum musculorum skeleti (transmissionis ab nervo ad musculum). Intra systema nervosum centrale greges tres transmissionis cholinergicae descripti sunt: * [[Neuron motorium|neurona motoria]], imprimis intra [[medulla spinalis|medullam spinalem]], * [[interneuron]]a intra [[striatum (cerebrum)|striatum]], [[cortex cerebri|corticem cerebri]], [[hippocampus (cerebrum)|hippocampus]], velut * [[neuron proiciens|neurona proicientia]] intra [[medullam spinalem]] et [[pars basalis telencephali|partis basalis telencephali]]. == De acetylcholini synthesi in neuronibus == In neuronibus [[Synapsis chemica|praesynapticis]] acetylcholinum ex [[acetylum-CoA|acetylo-CoA]] quod ad [[Cyclus acidi citrici|cyclum acidi citrici]] ex [[Glucosum|glucosi]] oxidatione intra cellulam nascitur ex una parte, et [[Cholinum|cholino]] quod in [[Plasma sanguineum|plasmate]] abundans per cotransportatorem Na+/cholinum intra cellulam attrahitur ex altera parte, per [[enzymum]] ''cholinum acetyltransferasis'' fabricatur. Cholinum cyclico modo redintegratur postquam aliud enzymum ''[[acetylcholesterasis]]'' in rima synaptica acetylcholinum rursus in cholinum et [[acetas|acetatem]] secuit. Acetylcholinum in extremo [[Axon|axone]] praesynaptico elaboratum intra [[Vesicula synaptica|vesiculas]] cumulatur (usque ad decem milia in unam vesiculam!) per [[Transportator neurotransmissoris|transportatorem]] VAChT qui [[Proton|protones]] ex vesicula (cuius pars interior [[acidum|acida]] est) acetylcholino permutat. Ita cum potentia actionis fit actylcholinum in rimam synapticam per [[Exocytosis|exocytosim]] emittitur. == De toxinis synapses cholinergicas turbantibus == [[Organophosphas|Organophosphorata]], ut [[gas Sarinum]] dictum (inter [[arma chemica|tela chemica]] numeratum), acetylcholinesterasis actionem cohibent ita ut acetylcholinum in rima synaptica cumuletur et receptoria postsynaptica satiet; e quo fit musculorum [[paralysis]]. Quocirca organophosphorata in [[Insecticida|insecticidis]] frequenter adhibentur. Praeterea plantae et animalia ad vitam suam tuendam multas substantias venenosas elaborarunt quae iunctionem inter neurones et musculos adoriuntur. Ita [[nicotinum]] et [[Muscarinum|muscarinum]] a duobus receptoriorum acetylcholini typis ligantur et cellulam postsynapticam excitant adeo ut etiam nomina sua illis receptoriorum typis indiderint. == Medicamenta anticholinergica == Non pauca medicamentorum effectus ''anticholinergicos'' ostendunt, i. e., quod effectus cholinergicos inhibent vel supprimunt. Demonstratum est imprimis in senectute usum medicamentorum cum effectibus anticholinergicis periculosum esse: periculum dementiae crescit<ref>{{qc|id=Coupland et al. (2019)}}</ref>. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == === Historia === * {{ec|id=Schmiedeberg et Koppe (1869)|c=Schmiedeberg O., Koppe R.: [https://books.google.de/books?id=8F0-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PP7&hl=de&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=2#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Das Muscarin. Das giftige Alkaloid des Fliegenpilzes (Agaricus Muscarius L.)''] 1869, Lipsia. ''Verlag Vogel''}} * {{ec|id=Erwins (1914)|c=Erwins A. J.: Acetylcholine, a new active principle of ergot. Biochemical Journal 1914, 8:44}} * {{ec|id=Dale (1914)|c=Dale H. H.: [https://archive.org/details/b30620946/mode/2up ''The action of certain esters and ethers of choline, and their relation to muscarine.] J. Pharmacacol. Exp. Ther.'' Mai 1914, 6: 147-90}} === Dementia effectibus contra acetylcholinum === * {{ec|id=Coupland et al. (2019)|c=Coupland C. A. C., Hill T., Dening T., Morriss R., Moore M., Hippisley-Cox J.: ''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31233095 Anticholinergic Drug Exposure and the Risk of Dementia: A Nested Case-Control Study]''. ''JAMA Internal medicine'' Iun 2019, 179(8):1084-93, [[doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.0677]]}} {{NexInt}} * [[Antagonista muscarinica]] * [[Systema excitans reticulare ascendens]] * [[Systema nervosum autonomicum]] == Nexus externus== * [http://www.bbc.com/news/health-13880553 BBC: pericula seniorum medicamentis] [[Categoria:Neurotransmissores]] [[Categoria:Systema cholinergicum (acetylcholinum)|!]] p68k82x7wkn3d0scv647ki7ps5jt1v9 3971813 3971810 2026-07-13T13:42:42Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De toxinis synapses cholinergicas turbantibus */ 3971813 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Acetylcholine.svg|thumb|upright=0.8|Forma [[molecula]]e acetylcholini.]] '''Acetylcholinum'''<ref>[https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/01.HYP.27.3.346 Fons nominis Latini acetylcholini, parte ''Materials'']</ref> sive '''acetylocholinum'''<ref>[https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WMP19620120050/O/M19620050.pdf Fons nominis Latini acetyl<u>o</u>cholini]</ref> est [[substantia]] [[chemia organica|chemica organica]] cum effectu [[neurotransmissor|neurotransmissoris]] [[systema nervosum|systematis nervosi]] et [[systema nervosum centrale|centralis]] et [[systema nervosum periphericum|peripherici]]. Primus e neurotransmissoribus cognitus est. Eius [[nomen proprium|nomen]] ex structura chemica derivatur; [[ester]] enim ex [[acidum aceticum|acido acetico]] et [[cholinum|cholino]] est. == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Amanita muscaria UK.JPG|thumb|''[[Amanita muscaria]]'' [[muscarinum]] [[venenum]] format, quod ad receptoria acetylcholini agit.]] [[Saeculum 19|Saeculi 19]] parte secunda effectus ''[[Amanita muscaria|Amanitae muscariae]]'' ([[fungus|fungi]]) in functionibus corporis physiologicis organorum descripti sunt<ref>{{qc|id=Schmiedeberg et Koppe (1869)}}.</ref>. Revera acetylcholini ipsius et nomen et significatio non prius annum 1914 ab Erwins proposita est<ref>{{qc|id=Erwins (1914)}}.</ref>, ut anno eodem ab Dale relatio inter muscarinum et functionem acetylcholini<ref>{{qc|id=Dale (1914)}}.</ref>. Acetylcolinum "''synthetic muscarine''" (muscarinum syntheticum) aestimatum est; uno tempore ad ''"nicotine" action'' (actionem nicotinicam) mentio facta est. Tum autem distinctio clara inter actiones et ''muscarinicas'' et ''nicotinicas'' ad id tempus incerta erat. == De natura chemica == Acetylcholinum, formula summarum {{chem|C|7|H|16|N|O|2}}, est [[substantia]] [[chemia organica|chemica organica]], [[molecula]] [[colinum|cholini]], quae [[ester]] cum [[grex acetyli|grege acetyli]] (ex [[acidum aceticum|acido acetico]] s. acido ethanoico) format. <gallery> Fasciculus:Cholin (chemical structure).svg|[[Cholinum]] Fasciculus:Acetyl group.svg|[[Grex acetylorum]] Fasciculus:Acetylcholin.svg|Acetylcholinum </gallery> == De systemate cholinergico == [[Fasciculus:Muskeln des weiblichenRumpfes von hinten.gif|thumb|In corporis peripheria acetylcholinum est mediator principalis motuum [[musculus|musculorum]] (transmissione ab nervo ad musculum)]] Systema cholinergicum est summa structurarum, quibus [[Synapsis chemica|synapses]] cholinergicae vel [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris|receptoria cholinergica]] insunt. * [[Synapsis chemica]] vocatur ''cholinergica'', si neurotransmissor eius est acetylcholinum, * [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris]] vocatur [[receptorium acetylcholini|''cholinergicum'']], si neurotransmissor eius est acetylcholinum. Inveniuntur in [[Systema nervosum|systemate nervorso]] mammalium et [[systema nervosum centralie|centrali]] et [[systema nervosum periphericum|peripherico]]. In corporis peripheria acetylcholinum est * mediator principalis motuum musculorum skeleti (transmissionis ab nervo ad musculum). Intra systema nervosum centrale greges tres transmissionis cholinergicae descripti sunt: * [[Neuron motorium|neurona motoria]], imprimis intra [[medulla spinalis|medullam spinalem]], * [[interneuron]]a intra [[striatum (cerebrum)|striatum]], [[cortex cerebri|corticem cerebri]], [[hippocampus (cerebrum)|hippocampus]], velut * [[neuron proiciens|neurona proicientia]] intra [[medullam spinalem]] et [[pars basalis telencephali|partis basalis telencephali]]. == De acetylcholini synthesi in neuronibus == In neuronibus [[Synapsis chemica|praesynapticis]] acetylcholinum ex [[acetylum-CoA|acetylo-CoA]] quod ad [[Cyclus acidi citrici|cyclum acidi citrici]] ex [[Glucosum|glucosi]] oxidatione intra cellulam nascitur ex una parte, et [[Cholinum|cholino]] quod in [[Plasma sanguineum|plasmate]] abundans per cotransportatorem Na+/cholinum intra cellulam attrahitur ex altera parte, per [[enzymum]] ''cholinum acetyltransferasis'' fabricatur. Cholinum cyclico modo redintegratur postquam aliud enzymum ''[[acetylcholesterasis]]'' in rima synaptica acetylcholinum rursus in cholinum et [[acetas|acetatem]] secuit. Acetylcholinum in extremo [[Axon|axone]] praesynaptico elaboratum intra [[Vesicula synaptica|vesiculas]] cumulatur (usque ad decem milia in unam vesiculam!) per [[Transportator neurotransmissoris|transportatorem]] VAChT qui [[Proton|protones]] ex vesicula (cuius pars interior [[acidum|acida]] est) acetylcholino permutat. Ita cum potentia actionis fit actylcholinum in rimam synapticam per [[Exocytosis|exocytosim]] emittitur. == De toxinis synapses cholinergicas turbantibus == [[Organophosphas|Organophosphorata]], ut [[gas Sarinum]] dictum (inter [[arma chemica|tela chemica]] numeratum), acetylcholinesterasis actionem cohibent ita ut acetylcholinum in rima synaptica cumuletur et receptoria postsynaptica satiet; e quo fit musculorum [[paralysis]]. Quocirca organophosphorata in [[Insecticida|insecticidis]] frequenter adhibentur. Praeterea plantae et animalia ad vitam suam tuendam multas substantias venenosas elaborarunt quae iunctionem inter neurones et musculos adoriuntur. Ita [[nicotinum]] et [[Muscarinum|muscarinum]] a duobus receptoriorum acetylcholini typis ligantur et cellulam postsynapticam excitant adeo ut etiam nomina sua illis receptoriorum typis indiderint. Item apud [[Serpentes|serpentes]] venena α-bungarotoxinum [[Bungarus multicinctus|Bungari multicincti]] et α-neurotoxinum generis ''[[Naja]]'' firmiter a receptoriis nicotinicis acetycholini ligantur ita ut acetylcholinum excludant et praedam cohibeant. Quod etiam homines in [[America Australis|America Australi]] ad venatum imitati sunt sagittas toxinis inlinentes e [[chondrodendrum tormentosum|chondrodendro tormentoso]] extraxtis. == Medicamenta anticholinergica == Non pauca medicamentorum effectus ''anticholinergicos'' ostendunt, i. e., quod effectus cholinergicos inhibent vel supprimunt. Demonstratum est imprimis in senectute usum medicamentorum cum effectibus anticholinergicis periculosum esse: periculum dementiae crescit<ref>{{qc|id=Coupland et al. (2019)}}</ref>. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == === Historia === * {{ec|id=Schmiedeberg et Koppe (1869)|c=Schmiedeberg O., Koppe R.: [https://books.google.de/books?id=8F0-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PP7&hl=de&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=2#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Das Muscarin. Das giftige Alkaloid des Fliegenpilzes (Agaricus Muscarius L.)''] 1869, Lipsia. ''Verlag Vogel''}} * {{ec|id=Erwins (1914)|c=Erwins A. J.: Acetylcholine, a new active principle of ergot. Biochemical Journal 1914, 8:44}} * {{ec|id=Dale (1914)|c=Dale H. H.: [https://archive.org/details/b30620946/mode/2up ''The action of certain esters and ethers of choline, and their relation to muscarine.] J. Pharmacacol. Exp. Ther.'' Mai 1914, 6: 147-90}} === Dementia effectibus contra acetylcholinum === * {{ec|id=Coupland et al. (2019)|c=Coupland C. A. C., Hill T., Dening T., Morriss R., Moore M., Hippisley-Cox J.: ''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31233095 Anticholinergic Drug Exposure and the Risk of Dementia: A Nested Case-Control Study]''. ''JAMA Internal medicine'' Iun 2019, 179(8):1084-93, [[doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.0677]]}} {{NexInt}} * [[Antagonista muscarinica]] * [[Systema excitans reticulare ascendens]] * [[Systema nervosum autonomicum]] == Nexus externus== * [http://www.bbc.com/news/health-13880553 BBC: pericula seniorum medicamentis] [[Categoria:Neurotransmissores]] [[Categoria:Systema cholinergicum (acetylcholinum)|!]] bbt9pw3sdueonf5x26uzbnaq56ii4en 3971814 3971813 2026-07-13T13:43:34Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De toxinis synapses cholinergicas turbantibus */ 3971814 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Acetylcholine.svg|thumb|upright=0.8|Forma [[molecula]]e acetylcholini.]] '''Acetylcholinum'''<ref>[https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/01.HYP.27.3.346 Fons nominis Latini acetylcholini, parte ''Materials'']</ref> sive '''acetylocholinum'''<ref>[https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WMP19620120050/O/M19620050.pdf Fons nominis Latini acetyl<u>o</u>cholini]</ref> est [[substantia]] [[chemia organica|chemica organica]] cum effectu [[neurotransmissor|neurotransmissoris]] [[systema nervosum|systematis nervosi]] et [[systema nervosum centrale|centralis]] et [[systema nervosum periphericum|peripherici]]. Primus e neurotransmissoribus cognitus est. Eius [[nomen proprium|nomen]] ex structura chemica derivatur; [[ester]] enim ex [[acidum aceticum|acido acetico]] et [[cholinum|cholino]] est. == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Amanita muscaria UK.JPG|thumb|''[[Amanita muscaria]]'' [[muscarinum]] [[venenum]] format, quod ad receptoria acetylcholini agit.]] [[Saeculum 19|Saeculi 19]] parte secunda effectus ''[[Amanita muscaria|Amanitae muscariae]]'' ([[fungus|fungi]]) in functionibus corporis physiologicis organorum descripti sunt<ref>{{qc|id=Schmiedeberg et Koppe (1869)}}.</ref>. Revera acetylcholini ipsius et nomen et significatio non prius annum 1914 ab Erwins proposita est<ref>{{qc|id=Erwins (1914)}}.</ref>, ut anno eodem ab Dale relatio inter muscarinum et functionem acetylcholini<ref>{{qc|id=Dale (1914)}}.</ref>. Acetylcolinum "''synthetic muscarine''" (muscarinum syntheticum) aestimatum est; uno tempore ad ''"nicotine" action'' (actionem nicotinicam) mentio facta est. Tum autem distinctio clara inter actiones et ''muscarinicas'' et ''nicotinicas'' ad id tempus incerta erat. == De natura chemica == Acetylcholinum, formula summarum {{chem|C|7|H|16|N|O|2}}, est [[substantia]] [[chemia organica|chemica organica]], [[molecula]] [[colinum|cholini]], quae [[ester]] cum [[grex acetyli|grege acetyli]] (ex [[acidum aceticum|acido acetico]] s. acido ethanoico) format. <gallery> Fasciculus:Cholin (chemical structure).svg|[[Cholinum]] Fasciculus:Acetyl group.svg|[[Grex acetylorum]] Fasciculus:Acetylcholin.svg|Acetylcholinum </gallery> == De systemate cholinergico == [[Fasciculus:Muskeln des weiblichenRumpfes von hinten.gif|thumb|In corporis peripheria acetylcholinum est mediator principalis motuum [[musculus|musculorum]] (transmissione ab nervo ad musculum)]] Systema cholinergicum est summa structurarum, quibus [[Synapsis chemica|synapses]] cholinergicae vel [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris|receptoria cholinergica]] insunt. * [[Synapsis chemica]] vocatur ''cholinergica'', si neurotransmissor eius est acetylcholinum, * [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris]] vocatur [[receptorium acetylcholini|''cholinergicum'']], si neurotransmissor eius est acetylcholinum. Inveniuntur in [[Systema nervosum|systemate nervorso]] mammalium et [[systema nervosum centralie|centrali]] et [[systema nervosum periphericum|peripherico]]. In corporis peripheria acetylcholinum est * mediator principalis motuum musculorum skeleti (transmissionis ab nervo ad musculum). Intra systema nervosum centrale greges tres transmissionis cholinergicae descripti sunt: * [[Neuron motorium|neurona motoria]], imprimis intra [[medulla spinalis|medullam spinalem]], * [[interneuron]]a intra [[striatum (cerebrum)|striatum]], [[cortex cerebri|corticem cerebri]], [[hippocampus (cerebrum)|hippocampus]], velut * [[neuron proiciens|neurona proicientia]] intra [[medullam spinalem]] et [[pars basalis telencephali|partis basalis telencephali]]. == De acetylcholini synthesi in neuronibus == In neuronibus [[Synapsis chemica|praesynapticis]] acetylcholinum ex [[acetylum-CoA|acetylo-CoA]] quod ad [[Cyclus acidi citrici|cyclum acidi citrici]] ex [[Glucosum|glucosi]] oxidatione intra cellulam nascitur ex una parte, et [[Cholinum|cholino]] quod in [[Plasma sanguineum|plasmate]] abundans per cotransportatorem Na+/cholinum intra cellulam attrahitur ex altera parte, per [[enzymum]] ''cholinum acetyltransferasis'' fabricatur. Cholinum cyclico modo redintegratur postquam aliud enzymum ''[[acetylcholesterasis]]'' in rima synaptica acetylcholinum rursus in cholinum et [[acetas|acetatem]] secuit. Acetylcholinum in extremo [[Axon|axone]] praesynaptico elaboratum intra [[Vesicula synaptica|vesiculas]] cumulatur (usque ad decem milia in unam vesiculam!) per [[Transportator neurotransmissoris|transportatorem]] VAChT qui [[Proton|protones]] ex vesicula (cuius pars interior [[acidum|acida]] est) acetylcholino permutat. Ita cum potentia actionis fit actylcholinum in rimam synapticam per [[Exocytosis|exocytosim]] emittitur. == De toxinis synapses cholinergicas turbantibus == [[Organophosphas|Organophosphorata]], ut [[gas Sarinum]] dictum (inter [[arma chemica|tela chemica]] numeratum), acetylcholinesterasis actionem cohibent ita ut acetylcholinum in rima synaptica cumuletur et receptoria postsynaptica satiet; e quo fit musculorum [[paralysis]]. Quocirca organophosphorata in [[Insecticida|insecticidis]] frequenter adhibentur. Praeterea plantae et animalia ad vitam suam tuendam multas substantias venenosas elaborarunt quae iunctionem inter neurones et musculos adoriuntur. Ita [[nicotinum]] et [[Muscarinum|muscarinum]] a duobus receptoriorum acetylcholini typis ligantur et cellulam postsynapticam excitant adeo ut etiam nomina sua illis receptoriorum typis indiderint. Item apud [[Serpentes|serpentes]] venena α-bungarotoxinum ''[[Bungarus multicinctus|bungari multicincti]]'' et α-neurotoxinum generis ''[[Naja]]'' firmiter a receptoriis nicotinicis acetycholini ligantur ita ut acetylcholinum excludant et praedam cohibeant. Quod etiam homines in [[America Australis|America Australi]] ad venatum imitati sunt sagittas toxinis inlinentes e [[chondrodendrum tormentosum|chondrodendro tormentoso]] extraxtis. == Medicamenta anticholinergica == Non pauca medicamentorum effectus ''anticholinergicos'' ostendunt, i. e., quod effectus cholinergicos inhibent vel supprimunt. Demonstratum est imprimis in senectute usum medicamentorum cum effectibus anticholinergicis periculosum esse: periculum dementiae crescit<ref>{{qc|id=Coupland et al. (2019)}}</ref>. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == === Historia === * {{ec|id=Schmiedeberg et Koppe (1869)|c=Schmiedeberg O., Koppe R.: [https://books.google.de/books?id=8F0-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PP7&hl=de&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=2#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Das Muscarin. Das giftige Alkaloid des Fliegenpilzes (Agaricus Muscarius L.)''] 1869, Lipsia. ''Verlag Vogel''}} * {{ec|id=Erwins (1914)|c=Erwins A. J.: Acetylcholine, a new active principle of ergot. Biochemical Journal 1914, 8:44}} * {{ec|id=Dale (1914)|c=Dale H. H.: [https://archive.org/details/b30620946/mode/2up ''The action of certain esters and ethers of choline, and their relation to muscarine.] J. Pharmacacol. Exp. Ther.'' Mai 1914, 6: 147-90}} === Dementia effectibus contra acetylcholinum === * {{ec|id=Coupland et al. (2019)|c=Coupland C. A. C., Hill T., Dening T., Morriss R., Moore M., Hippisley-Cox J.: ''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31233095 Anticholinergic Drug Exposure and the Risk of Dementia: A Nested Case-Control Study]''. ''JAMA Internal medicine'' Iun 2019, 179(8):1084-93, [[doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.0677]]}} {{NexInt}} * [[Antagonista muscarinica]] * [[Systema excitans reticulare ascendens]] * [[Systema nervosum autonomicum]] == Nexus externus== * [http://www.bbc.com/news/health-13880553 BBC: pericula seniorum medicamentis] [[Categoria:Neurotransmissores]] [[Categoria:Systema cholinergicum (acetylcholinum)|!]] 1l00npqnf4cpiwz85vl0ofke1u8utog 3971815 3971814 2026-07-13T13:44:32Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De toxinis synapses cholinergicas turbantibus */ 3971815 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Acetylcholine.svg|thumb|upright=0.8|Forma [[molecula]]e acetylcholini.]] '''Acetylcholinum'''<ref>[https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/01.HYP.27.3.346 Fons nominis Latini acetylcholini, parte ''Materials'']</ref> sive '''acetylocholinum'''<ref>[https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WMP19620120050/O/M19620050.pdf Fons nominis Latini acetyl<u>o</u>cholini]</ref> est [[substantia]] [[chemia organica|chemica organica]] cum effectu [[neurotransmissor|neurotransmissoris]] [[systema nervosum|systematis nervosi]] et [[systema nervosum centrale|centralis]] et [[systema nervosum periphericum|peripherici]]. Primus e neurotransmissoribus cognitus est. Eius [[nomen proprium|nomen]] ex structura chemica derivatur; [[ester]] enim ex [[acidum aceticum|acido acetico]] et [[cholinum|cholino]] est. == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Amanita muscaria UK.JPG|thumb|''[[Amanita muscaria]]'' [[muscarinum]] [[venenum]] format, quod ad receptoria acetylcholini agit.]] [[Saeculum 19|Saeculi 19]] parte secunda effectus ''[[Amanita muscaria|Amanitae muscariae]]'' ([[fungus|fungi]]) in functionibus corporis physiologicis organorum descripti sunt<ref>{{qc|id=Schmiedeberg et Koppe (1869)}}.</ref>. Revera acetylcholini ipsius et nomen et significatio non prius annum 1914 ab Erwins proposita est<ref>{{qc|id=Erwins (1914)}}.</ref>, ut anno eodem ab Dale relatio inter muscarinum et functionem acetylcholini<ref>{{qc|id=Dale (1914)}}.</ref>. Acetylcolinum "''synthetic muscarine''" (muscarinum syntheticum) aestimatum est; uno tempore ad ''"nicotine" action'' (actionem nicotinicam) mentio facta est. Tum autem distinctio clara inter actiones et ''muscarinicas'' et ''nicotinicas'' ad id tempus incerta erat. == De natura chemica == Acetylcholinum, formula summarum {{chem|C|7|H|16|N|O|2}}, est [[substantia]] [[chemia organica|chemica organica]], [[molecula]] [[colinum|cholini]], quae [[ester]] cum [[grex acetyli|grege acetyli]] (ex [[acidum aceticum|acido acetico]] s. acido ethanoico) format. <gallery> Fasciculus:Cholin (chemical structure).svg|[[Cholinum]] Fasciculus:Acetyl group.svg|[[Grex acetylorum]] Fasciculus:Acetylcholin.svg|Acetylcholinum </gallery> == De systemate cholinergico == [[Fasciculus:Muskeln des weiblichenRumpfes von hinten.gif|thumb|In corporis peripheria acetylcholinum est mediator principalis motuum [[musculus|musculorum]] (transmissione ab nervo ad musculum)]] Systema cholinergicum est summa structurarum, quibus [[Synapsis chemica|synapses]] cholinergicae vel [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris|receptoria cholinergica]] insunt. * [[Synapsis chemica]] vocatur ''cholinergica'', si neurotransmissor eius est acetylcholinum, * [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris]] vocatur [[receptorium acetylcholini|''cholinergicum'']], si neurotransmissor eius est acetylcholinum. Inveniuntur in [[Systema nervosum|systemate nervorso]] mammalium et [[systema nervosum centralie|centrali]] et [[systema nervosum periphericum|peripherico]]. In corporis peripheria acetylcholinum est * mediator principalis motuum musculorum skeleti (transmissionis ab nervo ad musculum). Intra systema nervosum centrale greges tres transmissionis cholinergicae descripti sunt: * [[Neuron motorium|neurona motoria]], imprimis intra [[medulla spinalis|medullam spinalem]], * [[interneuron]]a intra [[striatum (cerebrum)|striatum]], [[cortex cerebri|corticem cerebri]], [[hippocampus (cerebrum)|hippocampus]], velut * [[neuron proiciens|neurona proicientia]] intra [[medullam spinalem]] et [[pars basalis telencephali|partis basalis telencephali]]. == De acetylcholini synthesi in neuronibus == In neuronibus [[Synapsis chemica|praesynapticis]] acetylcholinum ex [[acetylum-CoA|acetylo-CoA]] quod ad [[Cyclus acidi citrici|cyclum acidi citrici]] ex [[Glucosum|glucosi]] oxidatione intra cellulam nascitur ex una parte, et [[Cholinum|cholino]] quod in [[Plasma sanguineum|plasmate]] abundans per cotransportatorem Na+/cholinum intra cellulam attrahitur ex altera parte, per [[enzymum]] ''cholinum acetyltransferasis'' fabricatur. Cholinum cyclico modo redintegratur postquam aliud enzymum ''[[acetylcholesterasis]]'' in rima synaptica acetylcholinum rursus in cholinum et [[acetas|acetatem]] secuit. Acetylcholinum in extremo [[Axon|axone]] praesynaptico elaboratum intra [[Vesicula synaptica|vesiculas]] cumulatur (usque ad decem milia in unam vesiculam!) per [[Transportator neurotransmissoris|transportatorem]] VAChT qui [[Proton|protones]] ex vesicula (cuius pars interior [[acidum|acida]] est) acetylcholino permutat. Ita cum potentia actionis fit actylcholinum in rimam synapticam per [[Exocytosis|exocytosim]] emittitur. == De toxinis synapses cholinergicas turbantibus == [[Organophosphas|Organophosphorata]], ut [[gas Sarinum]] dictum (inter [[arma chemica|tela chemica]] numeratum), acetylcholinesterasis actionem cohibent ita ut acetylcholinum in rima synaptica cumuletur et receptoria postsynaptica satiet; e quo fit musculorum [[paralysis]]. Quocirca organophosphorata in [[Insecticida|insecticidis]] frequenter adhibentur. Praeterea plantae et animalia ad vitam suam tuendam multas substantias venenosas elaborarunt quae iunctionem inter neurones et musculos adoriuntur. Ita [[nicotinum]] et [[Muscarinum|muscarinum]] a duobus receptoriorum acetylcholini typis ligantur et cellulam postsynapticam excitant adeo ut etiam nomina sua illis receptoriorum typis indiderint. Item apud [[Serpentes|serpentes]] venena α-bungarotoxinum ''[[Bungarus multicinctus|bungari multicincti]]'' et α-neurotoxinum generis ''[[Naja]]'' firmiter et diuturne a receptoriis nicotinicis acetycholini ligantur ita ut acetylcholinum excludant et praedam cohibeant. Quod etiam homines in [[America Australis|America Australi]] ad venatum imitati sunt sagittas toxinis inlinentes e [[chondrodendrum tormentosum|chondrodendro tormentoso]] extraxtis. == Medicamenta anticholinergica == Non pauca medicamentorum effectus ''anticholinergicos'' ostendunt, i. e., quod effectus cholinergicos inhibent vel supprimunt. Demonstratum est imprimis in senectute usum medicamentorum cum effectibus anticholinergicis periculosum esse: periculum dementiae crescit<ref>{{qc|id=Coupland et al. (2019)}}</ref>. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == === Historia === * {{ec|id=Schmiedeberg et Koppe (1869)|c=Schmiedeberg O., Koppe R.: [https://books.google.de/books?id=8F0-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PP7&hl=de&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=2#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Das Muscarin. Das giftige Alkaloid des Fliegenpilzes (Agaricus Muscarius L.)''] 1869, Lipsia. ''Verlag Vogel''}} * {{ec|id=Erwins (1914)|c=Erwins A. J.: Acetylcholine, a new active principle of ergot. Biochemical Journal 1914, 8:44}} * {{ec|id=Dale (1914)|c=Dale H. H.: [https://archive.org/details/b30620946/mode/2up ''The action of certain esters and ethers of choline, and their relation to muscarine.] J. Pharmacacol. Exp. Ther.'' Mai 1914, 6: 147-90}} === Dementia effectibus contra acetylcholinum === * {{ec|id=Coupland et al. (2019)|c=Coupland C. A. C., Hill T., Dening T., Morriss R., Moore M., Hippisley-Cox J.: ''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31233095 Anticholinergic Drug Exposure and the Risk of Dementia: A Nested Case-Control Study]''. ''JAMA Internal medicine'' Iun 2019, 179(8):1084-93, [[doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.0677]]}} {{NexInt}} * [[Antagonista muscarinica]] * [[Systema excitans reticulare ascendens]] * [[Systema nervosum autonomicum]] == Nexus externus== * [http://www.bbc.com/news/health-13880553 BBC: pericula seniorum medicamentis] [[Categoria:Neurotransmissores]] [[Categoria:Systema cholinergicum (acetylcholinum)|!]] 0wxedi2pvbctouhdkzfktx4reqvj2ox 3971816 3971815 2026-07-13T13:45:08Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De toxinis synapses cholinergicas turbantibus */ 3971816 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Acetylcholine.svg|thumb|upright=0.8|Forma [[molecula]]e acetylcholini.]] '''Acetylcholinum'''<ref>[https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/01.HYP.27.3.346 Fons nominis Latini acetylcholini, parte ''Materials'']</ref> sive '''acetylocholinum'''<ref>[https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WMP19620120050/O/M19620050.pdf Fons nominis Latini acetyl<u>o</u>cholini]</ref> est [[substantia]] [[chemia organica|chemica organica]] cum effectu [[neurotransmissor|neurotransmissoris]] [[systema nervosum|systematis nervosi]] et [[systema nervosum centrale|centralis]] et [[systema nervosum periphericum|peripherici]]. Primus e neurotransmissoribus cognitus est. Eius [[nomen proprium|nomen]] ex structura chemica derivatur; [[ester]] enim ex [[acidum aceticum|acido acetico]] et [[cholinum|cholino]] est. == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Amanita muscaria UK.JPG|thumb|''[[Amanita muscaria]]'' [[muscarinum]] [[venenum]] format, quod ad receptoria acetylcholini agit.]] [[Saeculum 19|Saeculi 19]] parte secunda effectus ''[[Amanita muscaria|Amanitae muscariae]]'' ([[fungus|fungi]]) in functionibus corporis physiologicis organorum descripti sunt<ref>{{qc|id=Schmiedeberg et Koppe (1869)}}.</ref>. Revera acetylcholini ipsius et nomen et significatio non prius annum 1914 ab Erwins proposita est<ref>{{qc|id=Erwins (1914)}}.</ref>, ut anno eodem ab Dale relatio inter muscarinum et functionem acetylcholini<ref>{{qc|id=Dale (1914)}}.</ref>. Acetylcolinum "''synthetic muscarine''" (muscarinum syntheticum) aestimatum est; uno tempore ad ''"nicotine" action'' (actionem nicotinicam) mentio facta est. Tum autem distinctio clara inter actiones et ''muscarinicas'' et ''nicotinicas'' ad id tempus incerta erat. == De natura chemica == Acetylcholinum, formula summarum {{chem|C|7|H|16|N|O|2}}, est [[substantia]] [[chemia organica|chemica organica]], [[molecula]] [[colinum|cholini]], quae [[ester]] cum [[grex acetyli|grege acetyli]] (ex [[acidum aceticum|acido acetico]] s. acido ethanoico) format. <gallery> Fasciculus:Cholin (chemical structure).svg|[[Cholinum]] Fasciculus:Acetyl group.svg|[[Grex acetylorum]] Fasciculus:Acetylcholin.svg|Acetylcholinum </gallery> == De systemate cholinergico == [[Fasciculus:Muskeln des weiblichenRumpfes von hinten.gif|thumb|In corporis peripheria acetylcholinum est mediator principalis motuum [[musculus|musculorum]] (transmissione ab nervo ad musculum)]] Systema cholinergicum est summa structurarum, quibus [[Synapsis chemica|synapses]] cholinergicae vel [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris|receptoria cholinergica]] insunt. * [[Synapsis chemica]] vocatur ''cholinergica'', si neurotransmissor eius est acetylcholinum, * [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris]] vocatur [[receptorium acetylcholini|''cholinergicum'']], si neurotransmissor eius est acetylcholinum. Inveniuntur in [[Systema nervosum|systemate nervorso]] mammalium et [[systema nervosum centralie|centrali]] et [[systema nervosum periphericum|peripherico]]. In corporis peripheria acetylcholinum est * mediator principalis motuum musculorum skeleti (transmissionis ab nervo ad musculum). Intra systema nervosum centrale greges tres transmissionis cholinergicae descripti sunt: * [[Neuron motorium|neurona motoria]], imprimis intra [[medulla spinalis|medullam spinalem]], * [[interneuron]]a intra [[striatum (cerebrum)|striatum]], [[cortex cerebri|corticem cerebri]], [[hippocampus (cerebrum)|hippocampus]], velut * [[neuron proiciens|neurona proicientia]] intra [[medullam spinalem]] et [[pars basalis telencephali|partis basalis telencephali]]. == De acetylcholini synthesi in neuronibus == In neuronibus [[Synapsis chemica|praesynapticis]] acetylcholinum ex [[acetylum-CoA|acetylo-CoA]] quod ad [[Cyclus acidi citrici|cyclum acidi citrici]] ex [[Glucosum|glucosi]] oxidatione intra cellulam nascitur ex una parte, et [[Cholinum|cholino]] quod in [[Plasma sanguineum|plasmate]] abundans per cotransportatorem Na+/cholinum intra cellulam attrahitur ex altera parte, per [[enzymum]] ''cholinum acetyltransferasis'' fabricatur. Cholinum cyclico modo redintegratur postquam aliud enzymum ''[[acetylcholesterasis]]'' in rima synaptica acetylcholinum rursus in cholinum et [[acetas|acetatem]] secuit. Acetylcholinum in extremo [[Axon|axone]] praesynaptico elaboratum intra [[Vesicula synaptica|vesiculas]] cumulatur (usque ad decem milia in unam vesiculam!) per [[Transportator neurotransmissoris|transportatorem]] VAChT qui [[Proton|protones]] ex vesicula (cuius pars interior [[acidum|acida]] est) acetylcholino permutat. Ita cum potentia actionis fit actylcholinum in rimam synapticam per [[Exocytosis|exocytosim]] emittitur. == De toxinis synapses cholinergicas turbantibus == [[Organophosphas|Organophosphorata]], ut [[gas Sarinum]] dictum (inter [[arma chemica|tela chemica]] numeratum), acetylcholinesterasis actionem cohibent ita ut acetylcholinum in rima synaptica cumuletur et receptoria postsynaptica satiet; e quo fit musculorum [[paralysis]]. Quocirca organophosphorata in [[Insecticida|insecticidis]] frequenter adhibentur. Praeterea plantae et animalia ad vitam suam tuendam multas substantias venenosas elaborarunt quae iunctionem inter neurones et musculos adoriuntur. Ita [[nicotinum]] et [[Muscarinum|muscarinum]] a duobus receptoriorum acetylcholini typis ligantur et cellulam postsynapticam excitant adeo ut etiam nomina sua illis receptoriorum typis indiderint. Item apud [[Serpentes|serpentes]] venena α-bungarotoxinum ''[[Bungarus multicinctus|bungari multicincti]]'' et α-neurotoxinum generis ''[[Naja]]'' firmiter et diuturne a receptoriis nicotinicis acetycholini ligantur ita ut acetylcholinum excludant et praedam cohibeant. Quod etiam homines in [[America Australis|America Australi]] ad venatum imitati sunt sagittas toxinis inlinentes e [[chondrodendrum tormentosum|chondrodendro tormentoso]] extractis. == Medicamenta anticholinergica == Non pauca medicamentorum effectus ''anticholinergicos'' ostendunt, i. e., quod effectus cholinergicos inhibent vel supprimunt. Demonstratum est imprimis in senectute usum medicamentorum cum effectibus anticholinergicis periculosum esse: periculum dementiae crescit<ref>{{qc|id=Coupland et al. (2019)}}</ref>. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == === Historia === * {{ec|id=Schmiedeberg et Koppe (1869)|c=Schmiedeberg O., Koppe R.: [https://books.google.de/books?id=8F0-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PP7&hl=de&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=2#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Das Muscarin. Das giftige Alkaloid des Fliegenpilzes (Agaricus Muscarius L.)''] 1869, Lipsia. ''Verlag Vogel''}} * {{ec|id=Erwins (1914)|c=Erwins A. J.: Acetylcholine, a new active principle of ergot. Biochemical Journal 1914, 8:44}} * {{ec|id=Dale (1914)|c=Dale H. H.: [https://archive.org/details/b30620946/mode/2up ''The action of certain esters and ethers of choline, and their relation to muscarine.] J. Pharmacacol. Exp. Ther.'' Mai 1914, 6: 147-90}} === Dementia effectibus contra acetylcholinum === * {{ec|id=Coupland et al. (2019)|c=Coupland C. A. C., Hill T., Dening T., Morriss R., Moore M., Hippisley-Cox J.: ''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31233095 Anticholinergic Drug Exposure and the Risk of Dementia: A Nested Case-Control Study]''. ''JAMA Internal medicine'' Iun 2019, 179(8):1084-93, [[doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.0677]]}} {{NexInt}} * [[Antagonista muscarinica]] * [[Systema excitans reticulare ascendens]] * [[Systema nervosum autonomicum]] == Nexus externus== * [http://www.bbc.com/news/health-13880553 BBC: pericula seniorum medicamentis] [[Categoria:Neurotransmissores]] [[Categoria:Systema cholinergicum (acetylcholinum)|!]] 08ejxhr005r8ji5mpmre7l5jdwp2np3 3971817 3971816 2026-07-13T13:46:15Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3971817 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Acetylcholine.svg|thumb|upright=0.8|Forma [[molecula]]e acetylcholini.]] '''Acetylcholinum'''<ref>[https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/01.HYP.27.3.346 Fons nominis Latini acetylcholini, parte ''Materials'']</ref> sive '''acetylocholinum'''<ref>[https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WMP19620120050/O/M19620050.pdf Fons nominis Latini acetyl<u>o</u>cholini]</ref> (nota ACh) est [[substantia]] [[chemia organica|chemica organica]] cum effectu [[neurotransmissor|neurotransmissoris]] [[systema nervosum|systematis nervosi]] et [[systema nervosum centrale|centralis]] et [[systema nervosum periphericum|peripherici]]. Primus e neurotransmissoribus cognitus est. Eius [[nomen proprium|nomen]] ex structura chemica derivatur; [[ester]] enim ex [[acidum aceticum|acido acetico]] et [[cholinum|cholino]] est. == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Amanita muscaria UK.JPG|thumb|''[[Amanita muscaria]]'' [[muscarinum]] [[venenum]] format, quod ad receptoria acetylcholini agit.]] [[Saeculum 19|Saeculi 19]] parte secunda effectus ''[[Amanita muscaria|Amanitae muscariae]]'' ([[fungus|fungi]]) in functionibus corporis physiologicis organorum descripti sunt<ref>{{qc|id=Schmiedeberg et Koppe (1869)}}.</ref>. Revera acetylcholini ipsius et nomen et significatio non prius annum 1914 ab Erwins proposita est<ref>{{qc|id=Erwins (1914)}}.</ref>, ut anno eodem ab Dale relatio inter muscarinum et functionem acetylcholini<ref>{{qc|id=Dale (1914)}}.</ref>. Acetylcolinum "''synthetic muscarine''" (muscarinum syntheticum) aestimatum est; uno tempore ad ''"nicotine" action'' (actionem nicotinicam) mentio facta est. Tum autem distinctio clara inter actiones et ''muscarinicas'' et ''nicotinicas'' ad id tempus incerta erat. == De natura chemica == Acetylcholinum, formula summarum {{chem|C|7|H|16|N|O|2}}, est [[substantia]] [[chemia organica|chemica organica]], [[molecula]] [[colinum|cholini]], quae [[ester]] cum [[grex acetyli|grege acetyli]] (ex [[acidum aceticum|acido acetico]] s. acido ethanoico) format. <gallery> Fasciculus:Cholin (chemical structure).svg|[[Cholinum]] Fasciculus:Acetyl group.svg|[[Grex acetylorum]] Fasciculus:Acetylcholin.svg|Acetylcholinum </gallery> == De systemate cholinergico == [[Fasciculus:Muskeln des weiblichenRumpfes von hinten.gif|thumb|In corporis peripheria acetylcholinum est mediator principalis motuum [[musculus|musculorum]] (transmissione ab nervo ad musculum)]] Systema cholinergicum est summa structurarum, quibus [[Synapsis chemica|synapses]] cholinergicae vel [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris|receptoria cholinergica]] insunt. * [[Synapsis chemica]] vocatur ''cholinergica'', si neurotransmissor eius est acetylcholinum, * [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris]] vocatur [[receptorium acetylcholini|''cholinergicum'']], si neurotransmissor eius est acetylcholinum. Inveniuntur in [[Systema nervosum|systemate nervorso]] mammalium et [[systema nervosum centralie|centrali]] et [[systema nervosum periphericum|peripherico]]. In corporis peripheria acetylcholinum est * mediator principalis motuum musculorum skeleti (transmissionis ab nervo ad musculum). Intra systema nervosum centrale greges tres transmissionis cholinergicae descripti sunt: * [[Neuron motorium|neurona motoria]], imprimis intra [[medulla spinalis|medullam spinalem]], * [[interneuron]]a intra [[striatum (cerebrum)|striatum]], [[cortex cerebri|corticem cerebri]], [[hippocampus (cerebrum)|hippocampus]], velut * [[neuron proiciens|neurona proicientia]] intra [[medullam spinalem]] et [[pars basalis telencephali|partis basalis telencephali]]. == De acetylcholini synthesi in neuronibus == In neuronibus [[Synapsis chemica|praesynapticis]] acetylcholinum ex [[acetylum-CoA|acetylo-CoA]] quod ad [[Cyclus acidi citrici|cyclum acidi citrici]] ex [[Glucosum|glucosi]] oxidatione intra cellulam nascitur ex una parte, et [[Cholinum|cholino]] quod in [[Plasma sanguineum|plasmate]] abundans per cotransportatorem Na+/cholinum intra cellulam attrahitur ex altera parte, per [[enzymum]] ''cholinum acetyltransferasis'' fabricatur. Cholinum cyclico modo redintegratur postquam aliud enzymum ''[[acetylcholesterasis]]'' in rima synaptica acetylcholinum rursus in cholinum et [[acetas|acetatem]] secuit. Acetylcholinum in extremo [[Axon|axone]] praesynaptico elaboratum intra [[Vesicula synaptica|vesiculas]] cumulatur (usque ad decem milia in unam vesiculam!) per [[Transportator neurotransmissoris|transportatorem]] VAChT qui [[Proton|protones]] ex vesicula (cuius pars interior [[acidum|acida]] est) acetylcholino permutat. Ita cum potentia actionis fit actylcholinum in rimam synapticam per [[Exocytosis|exocytosim]] emittitur. == De toxinis synapses cholinergicas turbantibus == [[Organophosphas|Organophosphorata]], ut [[gas Sarinum]] dictum (inter [[arma chemica|tela chemica]] numeratum), acetylcholinesterasis actionem cohibent ita ut acetylcholinum in rima synaptica cumuletur et receptoria postsynaptica satiet; e quo fit musculorum [[paralysis]]. Quocirca organophosphorata in [[Insecticida|insecticidis]] frequenter adhibentur. Praeterea plantae et animalia ad vitam suam tuendam multas substantias venenosas elaborarunt quae iunctionem inter neurones et musculos adoriuntur. Ita [[nicotinum]] et [[Muscarinum|muscarinum]] a duobus receptoriorum acetylcholini typis ligantur et cellulam postsynapticam excitant adeo ut etiam nomina sua illis receptoriorum typis indiderint. Item apud [[Serpentes|serpentes]] venena α-bungarotoxinum ''[[Bungarus multicinctus|bungari multicincti]]'' et α-neurotoxinum generis ''[[Naja]]'' firmiter et diuturne a receptoriis nicotinicis acetycholini ligantur ita ut acetylcholinum excludant et praedam cohibeant. Quod etiam homines in [[America Australis|America Australi]] ad venatum imitati sunt sagittas toxinis inlinentes e [[chondrodendrum tormentosum|chondrodendro tormentoso]] extractis. == Medicamenta anticholinergica == Non pauca medicamentorum effectus ''anticholinergicos'' ostendunt, i. e., quod effectus cholinergicos inhibent vel supprimunt. Demonstratum est imprimis in senectute usum medicamentorum cum effectibus anticholinergicis periculosum esse: periculum dementiae crescit<ref>{{qc|id=Coupland et al. (2019)}}</ref>. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == === Historia === * {{ec|id=Schmiedeberg et Koppe (1869)|c=Schmiedeberg O., Koppe R.: [https://books.google.de/books?id=8F0-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PP7&hl=de&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=2#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Das Muscarin. Das giftige Alkaloid des Fliegenpilzes (Agaricus Muscarius L.)''] 1869, Lipsia. ''Verlag Vogel''}} * {{ec|id=Erwins (1914)|c=Erwins A. J.: Acetylcholine, a new active principle of ergot. Biochemical Journal 1914, 8:44}} * {{ec|id=Dale (1914)|c=Dale H. H.: [https://archive.org/details/b30620946/mode/2up ''The action of certain esters and ethers of choline, and their relation to muscarine.] J. Pharmacacol. Exp. Ther.'' Mai 1914, 6: 147-90}} === Dementia effectibus contra acetylcholinum === * {{ec|id=Coupland et al. (2019)|c=Coupland C. A. C., Hill T., Dening T., Morriss R., Moore M., Hippisley-Cox J.: ''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31233095 Anticholinergic Drug Exposure and the Risk of Dementia: A Nested Case-Control Study]''. ''JAMA Internal medicine'' Iun 2019, 179(8):1084-93, [[doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.0677]]}} {{NexInt}} * [[Antagonista muscarinica]] * [[Systema excitans reticulare ascendens]] * [[Systema nervosum autonomicum]] == Nexus externus== * [http://www.bbc.com/news/health-13880553 BBC: pericula seniorum medicamentis] [[Categoria:Neurotransmissores]] [[Categoria:Systema cholinergicum (acetylcholinum)|!]] esf0wb4pi1xm1a4g0dygs1so73ar7pc 3971820 3971817 2026-07-13T13:52:08Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De toxinis synapses cholinergicas turbantibus */ 3971820 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Acetylcholine.svg|thumb|upright=0.8|Forma [[molecula]]e acetylcholini.]] '''Acetylcholinum'''<ref>[https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/01.HYP.27.3.346 Fons nominis Latini acetylcholini, parte ''Materials'']</ref> sive '''acetylocholinum'''<ref>[https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WMP19620120050/O/M19620050.pdf Fons nominis Latini acetyl<u>o</u>cholini]</ref> (nota ACh) est [[substantia]] [[chemia organica|chemica organica]] cum effectu [[neurotransmissor|neurotransmissoris]] [[systema nervosum|systematis nervosi]] et [[systema nervosum centrale|centralis]] et [[systema nervosum periphericum|peripherici]]. Primus e neurotransmissoribus cognitus est. Eius [[nomen proprium|nomen]] ex structura chemica derivatur; [[ester]] enim ex [[acidum aceticum|acido acetico]] et [[cholinum|cholino]] est. == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Amanita muscaria UK.JPG|thumb|''[[Amanita muscaria]]'' [[muscarinum]] [[venenum]] format, quod ad receptoria acetylcholini agit.]] [[Saeculum 19|Saeculi 19]] parte secunda effectus ''[[Amanita muscaria|Amanitae muscariae]]'' ([[fungus|fungi]]) in functionibus corporis physiologicis organorum descripti sunt<ref>{{qc|id=Schmiedeberg et Koppe (1869)}}.</ref>. Revera acetylcholini ipsius et nomen et significatio non prius annum 1914 ab Erwins proposita est<ref>{{qc|id=Erwins (1914)}}.</ref>, ut anno eodem ab Dale relatio inter muscarinum et functionem acetylcholini<ref>{{qc|id=Dale (1914)}}.</ref>. Acetylcolinum "''synthetic muscarine''" (muscarinum syntheticum) aestimatum est; uno tempore ad ''"nicotine" action'' (actionem nicotinicam) mentio facta est. Tum autem distinctio clara inter actiones et ''muscarinicas'' et ''nicotinicas'' ad id tempus incerta erat. == De natura chemica == Acetylcholinum, formula summarum {{chem|C|7|H|16|N|O|2}}, est [[substantia]] [[chemia organica|chemica organica]], [[molecula]] [[colinum|cholini]], quae [[ester]] cum [[grex acetyli|grege acetyli]] (ex [[acidum aceticum|acido acetico]] s. acido ethanoico) format. <gallery> Fasciculus:Cholin (chemical structure).svg|[[Cholinum]] Fasciculus:Acetyl group.svg|[[Grex acetylorum]] Fasciculus:Acetylcholin.svg|Acetylcholinum </gallery> == De systemate cholinergico == [[Fasciculus:Muskeln des weiblichenRumpfes von hinten.gif|thumb|In corporis peripheria acetylcholinum est mediator principalis motuum [[musculus|musculorum]] (transmissione ab nervo ad musculum)]] Systema cholinergicum est summa structurarum, quibus [[Synapsis chemica|synapses]] cholinergicae vel [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris|receptoria cholinergica]] insunt. * [[Synapsis chemica]] vocatur ''cholinergica'', si neurotransmissor eius est acetylcholinum, * [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris]] vocatur [[receptorium acetylcholini|''cholinergicum'']], si neurotransmissor eius est acetylcholinum. Inveniuntur in [[Systema nervosum|systemate nervorso]] mammalium et [[systema nervosum centralie|centrali]] et [[systema nervosum periphericum|peripherico]]. In corporis peripheria acetylcholinum est * mediator principalis motuum musculorum skeleti (transmissionis ab nervo ad musculum). Intra systema nervosum centrale greges tres transmissionis cholinergicae descripti sunt: * [[Neuron motorium|neurona motoria]], imprimis intra [[medulla spinalis|medullam spinalem]], * [[interneuron]]a intra [[striatum (cerebrum)|striatum]], [[cortex cerebri|corticem cerebri]], [[hippocampus (cerebrum)|hippocampus]], velut * [[neuron proiciens|neurona proicientia]] intra [[medullam spinalem]] et [[pars basalis telencephali|partis basalis telencephali]]. == De acetylcholini synthesi in neuronibus == In neuronibus [[Synapsis chemica|praesynapticis]] acetylcholinum ex [[acetylum-CoA|acetylo-CoA]] quod ad [[Cyclus acidi citrici|cyclum acidi citrici]] ex [[Glucosum|glucosi]] oxidatione intra cellulam nascitur ex una parte, et [[Cholinum|cholino]] quod in [[Plasma sanguineum|plasmate]] abundans per cotransportatorem Na+/cholinum intra cellulam attrahitur ex altera parte, per [[enzymum]] ''cholinum acetyltransferasis'' fabricatur. Cholinum cyclico modo redintegratur postquam aliud enzymum ''[[acetylcholesterasis]]'' in rima synaptica acetylcholinum rursus in cholinum et [[acetas|acetatem]] secuit. Acetylcholinum in extremo [[Axon|axone]] praesynaptico elaboratum intra [[Vesicula synaptica|vesiculas]] cumulatur (usque ad decem milia in unam vesiculam!) per [[Transportator neurotransmissoris|transportatorem]] VAChT qui [[Proton|protones]] ex vesicula (cuius pars interior [[acidum|acida]] est) acetylcholino permutat. Ita cum potentia actionis fit actylcholinum in rimam synapticam per [[Exocytosis|exocytosim]] emittitur. == De toxinis synapses cholinergicas turbantibus == [[Organophosphas|Organophosphorata]], ut [[gas Sarinum]] dictum (inter [[arma chemica|tela chemica]] numeratum), acetylcholinesterasis actionem cohibent ita ut acetylcholinum in rima synaptica cumuletur et receptoria postsynaptica satiet; e quo fit musculorum [[paralysis]]. Quocirca organophosphorata in [[Insecticida|insecticidis]] frequenter adhibentur. Praeterea plantae et animalia ad vitam suam tuendam multas substantias venenosas elaborarunt quae iunctionem inter neurones et musculos adoriuntur. Ita [[nicotinum]] et [[Muscarinum|muscarinum]] a duobus receptoriorum acetylcholini typis ligantur et cellulam postsynapticam excitant adeo ut etiam nomina sua illis receptoriorum typis indiderint. Item apud [[Serpentes|serpentes]] venena α-bungarotoxinum ''[[Bungarus multicinctus|bungari multicincti]]'' et α-neurotoxinum generis ''[[Naja]]'' firmiter et diuturne a receptoriis nicotinicis acetycholini ligantur ita ut acetylcholinum excludant et praedam cohibeant. Quod etiam homines in [[America Australis|America Australi]] ad venatum imitati sunt sagittas toxinis inlinentes e [[chondrodendrum tormentosum|chondrodendro tormentoso]] extractis. Nonnulla [[mollusca]] (e.g. [[Conidae|conidae]]) et [[Rana|ranae]] similibus venenis utuntur. == Medicamenta anticholinergica == Non pauca medicamentorum effectus ''anticholinergicos'' ostendunt, i. e., quod effectus cholinergicos inhibent vel supprimunt. Demonstratum est imprimis in senectute usum medicamentorum cum effectibus anticholinergicis periculosum esse: periculum dementiae crescit<ref>{{qc|id=Coupland et al. (2019)}}</ref>. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == === Historia === * {{ec|id=Schmiedeberg et Koppe (1869)|c=Schmiedeberg O., Koppe R.: [https://books.google.de/books?id=8F0-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PP7&hl=de&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=2#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Das Muscarin. Das giftige Alkaloid des Fliegenpilzes (Agaricus Muscarius L.)''] 1869, Lipsia. ''Verlag Vogel''}} * {{ec|id=Erwins (1914)|c=Erwins A. J.: Acetylcholine, a new active principle of ergot. Biochemical Journal 1914, 8:44}} * {{ec|id=Dale (1914)|c=Dale H. H.: [https://archive.org/details/b30620946/mode/2up ''The action of certain esters and ethers of choline, and their relation to muscarine.] J. Pharmacacol. Exp. Ther.'' Mai 1914, 6: 147-90}} === Dementia effectibus contra acetylcholinum === * {{ec|id=Coupland et al. (2019)|c=Coupland C. A. C., Hill T., Dening T., Morriss R., Moore M., Hippisley-Cox J.: ''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31233095 Anticholinergic Drug Exposure and the Risk of Dementia: A Nested Case-Control Study]''. ''JAMA Internal medicine'' Iun 2019, 179(8):1084-93, [[doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.0677]]}} {{NexInt}} * [[Antagonista muscarinica]] * [[Systema excitans reticulare ascendens]] * [[Systema nervosum autonomicum]] == Nexus externus== * [http://www.bbc.com/news/health-13880553 BBC: pericula seniorum medicamentis] [[Categoria:Neurotransmissores]] [[Categoria:Systema cholinergicum (acetylcholinum)|!]] e1zitoco8rx241d21lhaxlxvwz8y1uj 3971821 3971820 2026-07-13T13:55:14Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De toxinis synapses cholinergicas turbantibus */ 3971821 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Acetylcholine.svg|thumb|upright=0.8|Forma [[molecula]]e acetylcholini.]] '''Acetylcholinum'''<ref>[https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/01.HYP.27.3.346 Fons nominis Latini acetylcholini, parte ''Materials'']</ref> sive '''acetylocholinum'''<ref>[https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WMP19620120050/O/M19620050.pdf Fons nominis Latini acetyl<u>o</u>cholini]</ref> (nota ACh) est [[substantia]] [[chemia organica|chemica organica]] cum effectu [[neurotransmissor|neurotransmissoris]] [[systema nervosum|systematis nervosi]] et [[systema nervosum centrale|centralis]] et [[systema nervosum periphericum|peripherici]]. Primus e neurotransmissoribus cognitus est. Eius [[nomen proprium|nomen]] ex structura chemica derivatur; [[ester]] enim ex [[acidum aceticum|acido acetico]] et [[cholinum|cholino]] est. == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Amanita muscaria UK.JPG|thumb|''[[Amanita muscaria]]'' [[muscarinum]] [[venenum]] format, quod ad receptoria acetylcholini agit.]] [[Saeculum 19|Saeculi 19]] parte secunda effectus ''[[Amanita muscaria|Amanitae muscariae]]'' ([[fungus|fungi]]) in functionibus corporis physiologicis organorum descripti sunt<ref>{{qc|id=Schmiedeberg et Koppe (1869)}}.</ref>. Revera acetylcholini ipsius et nomen et significatio non prius annum 1914 ab Erwins proposita est<ref>{{qc|id=Erwins (1914)}}.</ref>, ut anno eodem ab Dale relatio inter muscarinum et functionem acetylcholini<ref>{{qc|id=Dale (1914)}}.</ref>. Acetylcolinum "''synthetic muscarine''" (muscarinum syntheticum) aestimatum est; uno tempore ad ''"nicotine" action'' (actionem nicotinicam) mentio facta est. Tum autem distinctio clara inter actiones et ''muscarinicas'' et ''nicotinicas'' ad id tempus incerta erat. == De natura chemica == Acetylcholinum, formula summarum {{chem|C|7|H|16|N|O|2}}, est [[substantia]] [[chemia organica|chemica organica]], [[molecula]] [[colinum|cholini]], quae [[ester]] cum [[grex acetyli|grege acetyli]] (ex [[acidum aceticum|acido acetico]] s. acido ethanoico) format. <gallery> Fasciculus:Cholin (chemical structure).svg|[[Cholinum]] Fasciculus:Acetyl group.svg|[[Grex acetylorum]] Fasciculus:Acetylcholin.svg|Acetylcholinum </gallery> == De systemate cholinergico == [[Fasciculus:Muskeln des weiblichenRumpfes von hinten.gif|thumb|In corporis peripheria acetylcholinum est mediator principalis motuum [[musculus|musculorum]] (transmissione ab nervo ad musculum)]] Systema cholinergicum est summa structurarum, quibus [[Synapsis chemica|synapses]] cholinergicae vel [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris|receptoria cholinergica]] insunt. * [[Synapsis chemica]] vocatur ''cholinergica'', si neurotransmissor eius est acetylcholinum, * [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris]] vocatur [[receptorium acetylcholini|''cholinergicum'']], si neurotransmissor eius est acetylcholinum. Inveniuntur in [[Systema nervosum|systemate nervorso]] mammalium et [[systema nervosum centralie|centrali]] et [[systema nervosum periphericum|peripherico]]. In corporis peripheria acetylcholinum est * mediator principalis motuum musculorum skeleti (transmissionis ab nervo ad musculum). Intra systema nervosum centrale greges tres transmissionis cholinergicae descripti sunt: * [[Neuron motorium|neurona motoria]], imprimis intra [[medulla spinalis|medullam spinalem]], * [[interneuron]]a intra [[striatum (cerebrum)|striatum]], [[cortex cerebri|corticem cerebri]], [[hippocampus (cerebrum)|hippocampus]], velut * [[neuron proiciens|neurona proicientia]] intra [[medullam spinalem]] et [[pars basalis telencephali|partis basalis telencephali]]. == De acetylcholini synthesi in neuronibus == In neuronibus [[Synapsis chemica|praesynapticis]] acetylcholinum ex [[acetylum-CoA|acetylo-CoA]] quod ad [[Cyclus acidi citrici|cyclum acidi citrici]] ex [[Glucosum|glucosi]] oxidatione intra cellulam nascitur ex una parte, et [[Cholinum|cholino]] quod in [[Plasma sanguineum|plasmate]] abundans per cotransportatorem Na+/cholinum intra cellulam attrahitur ex altera parte, per [[enzymum]] ''cholinum acetyltransferasis'' fabricatur. Cholinum cyclico modo redintegratur postquam aliud enzymum ''[[acetylcholesterasis]]'' in rima synaptica acetylcholinum rursus in cholinum et [[acetas|acetatem]] secuit. Acetylcholinum in extremo [[Axon|axone]] praesynaptico elaboratum intra [[Vesicula synaptica|vesiculas]] cumulatur (usque ad decem milia in unam vesiculam!) per [[Transportator neurotransmissoris|transportatorem]] VAChT qui [[Proton|protones]] ex vesicula (cuius pars interior [[acidum|acida]] est) acetylcholino permutat. Ita cum potentia actionis fit actylcholinum in rimam synapticam per [[Exocytosis|exocytosim]] emittitur. == De toxinis synapses cholinergicas turbantibus == [[Organophosphas|Organophosphorata]], ut [[gas Sarinum]] dictum (inter [[arma chemica|tela chemica]] numeratum), acetylcholinesterasis actionem cohibent ita ut acetylcholinum in rima synaptica cumuletur et receptoria postsynaptica satiet; e quo fit musculorum [[paralysis]]. Quocirca organophosphorata in [[Insecticida|insecticidis]] frequenter adhibentur. Praeterea plantae et animalia ad vitam suam tuendam multas substantias venenosas elaborarunt quae iunctionem inter neurones et musculos adoriuntur. Ita [[nicotinum]] et [[Muscarinum|muscarinum]] a duobus receptoriorum acetylcholini typis ligantur et cellulam postsynapticam excitant adeo ut etiam nomina sua illis receptoriorum typis indiderint. Item apud [[Serpentes|serpentes]] venena α-bungarotoxinum ''[[Bungarus multicinctus|bungari multicincti]]'' et α-neurotoxinum generis ''[[Naja]]'' firmiter et diuturne a receptoriis nicotinicis acetycholini ligantur ita ut acetylcholinum excludant et praedam cohibeant. Quod etiam homines in [[America Australis|America Australi]] ad venandum imitati sunt sagittas toxinis inlinentes e [[chondrodendrum tormentosum|chondrodendro tormentoso]] extractis. Nonnulla [[mollusca]] (e.g. [[Conidae|conidae]]) et [[Rana|ranae]] similibus venenis utuntur. == Medicamenta anticholinergica == Non pauca medicamentorum effectus ''anticholinergicos'' ostendunt, i. e., quod effectus cholinergicos inhibent vel supprimunt. Demonstratum est imprimis in senectute usum medicamentorum cum effectibus anticholinergicis periculosum esse: periculum dementiae crescit<ref>{{qc|id=Coupland et al. (2019)}}</ref>. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == === Historia === * {{ec|id=Schmiedeberg et Koppe (1869)|c=Schmiedeberg O., Koppe R.: [https://books.google.de/books?id=8F0-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PP7&hl=de&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=2#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Das Muscarin. Das giftige Alkaloid des Fliegenpilzes (Agaricus Muscarius L.)''] 1869, Lipsia. ''Verlag Vogel''}} * {{ec|id=Erwins (1914)|c=Erwins A. J.: Acetylcholine, a new active principle of ergot. Biochemical Journal 1914, 8:44}} * {{ec|id=Dale (1914)|c=Dale H. H.: [https://archive.org/details/b30620946/mode/2up ''The action of certain esters and ethers of choline, and their relation to muscarine.] J. Pharmacacol. Exp. Ther.'' Mai 1914, 6: 147-90}} === Dementia effectibus contra acetylcholinum === * {{ec|id=Coupland et al. (2019)|c=Coupland C. A. C., Hill T., Dening T., Morriss R., Moore M., Hippisley-Cox J.: ''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31233095 Anticholinergic Drug Exposure and the Risk of Dementia: A Nested Case-Control Study]''. ''JAMA Internal medicine'' Iun 2019, 179(8):1084-93, [[doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.0677]]}} {{NexInt}} * [[Antagonista muscarinica]] * [[Systema excitans reticulare ascendens]] * [[Systema nervosum autonomicum]] == Nexus externus== * [http://www.bbc.com/news/health-13880553 BBC: pericula seniorum medicamentis] [[Categoria:Neurotransmissores]] [[Categoria:Systema cholinergicum (acetylcholinum)|!]] qo1ghl3wbawk4kbksjc2aaa6bmpo8rw 3971823 3971821 2026-07-13T14:10:54Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De toxinis synapses cholinergicas turbantibus */ 3971823 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Acetylcholine.svg|thumb|upright=0.8|Forma [[molecula]]e acetylcholini.]] '''Acetylcholinum'''<ref>[https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/01.HYP.27.3.346 Fons nominis Latini acetylcholini, parte ''Materials'']</ref> sive '''acetylocholinum'''<ref>[https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WMP19620120050/O/M19620050.pdf Fons nominis Latini acetyl<u>o</u>cholini]</ref> (nota ACh) est [[substantia]] [[chemia organica|chemica organica]] cum effectu [[neurotransmissor|neurotransmissoris]] [[systema nervosum|systematis nervosi]] et [[systema nervosum centrale|centralis]] et [[systema nervosum periphericum|peripherici]]. Primus e neurotransmissoribus cognitus est. Eius [[nomen proprium|nomen]] ex structura chemica derivatur; [[ester]] enim ex [[acidum aceticum|acido acetico]] et [[cholinum|cholino]] est. == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Amanita muscaria UK.JPG|thumb|''[[Amanita muscaria]]'' [[muscarinum]] [[venenum]] format, quod ad receptoria acetylcholini agit.]] [[Saeculum 19|Saeculi 19]] parte secunda effectus ''[[Amanita muscaria|Amanitae muscariae]]'' ([[fungus|fungi]]) in functionibus corporis physiologicis organorum descripti sunt<ref>{{qc|id=Schmiedeberg et Koppe (1869)}}.</ref>. Revera acetylcholini ipsius et nomen et significatio non prius annum 1914 ab Erwins proposita est<ref>{{qc|id=Erwins (1914)}}.</ref>, ut anno eodem ab Dale relatio inter muscarinum et functionem acetylcholini<ref>{{qc|id=Dale (1914)}}.</ref>. Acetylcolinum "''synthetic muscarine''" (muscarinum syntheticum) aestimatum est; uno tempore ad ''"nicotine" action'' (actionem nicotinicam) mentio facta est. Tum autem distinctio clara inter actiones et ''muscarinicas'' et ''nicotinicas'' ad id tempus incerta erat. == De natura chemica == Acetylcholinum, formula summarum {{chem|C|7|H|16|N|O|2}}, est [[substantia]] [[chemia organica|chemica organica]], [[molecula]] [[colinum|cholini]], quae [[ester]] cum [[grex acetyli|grege acetyli]] (ex [[acidum aceticum|acido acetico]] s. acido ethanoico) format. <gallery> Fasciculus:Cholin (chemical structure).svg|[[Cholinum]] Fasciculus:Acetyl group.svg|[[Grex acetylorum]] Fasciculus:Acetylcholin.svg|Acetylcholinum </gallery> == De systemate cholinergico == [[Fasciculus:Muskeln des weiblichenRumpfes von hinten.gif|thumb|In corporis peripheria acetylcholinum est mediator principalis motuum [[musculus|musculorum]] (transmissione ab nervo ad musculum)]] Systema cholinergicum est summa structurarum, quibus [[Synapsis chemica|synapses]] cholinergicae vel [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris|receptoria cholinergica]] insunt. * [[Synapsis chemica]] vocatur ''cholinergica'', si neurotransmissor eius est acetylcholinum, * [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris]] vocatur [[receptorium acetylcholini|''cholinergicum'']], si neurotransmissor eius est acetylcholinum. Inveniuntur in [[Systema nervosum|systemate nervorso]] mammalium et [[systema nervosum centralie|centrali]] et [[systema nervosum periphericum|peripherico]]. In corporis peripheria acetylcholinum est * mediator principalis motuum musculorum skeleti (transmissionis ab nervo ad musculum). Intra systema nervosum centrale greges tres transmissionis cholinergicae descripti sunt: * [[Neuron motorium|neurona motoria]], imprimis intra [[medulla spinalis|medullam spinalem]], * [[interneuron]]a intra [[striatum (cerebrum)|striatum]], [[cortex cerebri|corticem cerebri]], [[hippocampus (cerebrum)|hippocampus]], velut * [[neuron proiciens|neurona proicientia]] intra [[medullam spinalem]] et [[pars basalis telencephali|partis basalis telencephali]]. == De acetylcholini synthesi in neuronibus == In neuronibus [[Synapsis chemica|praesynapticis]] acetylcholinum ex [[acetylum-CoA|acetylo-CoA]] quod ad [[Cyclus acidi citrici|cyclum acidi citrici]] ex [[Glucosum|glucosi]] oxidatione intra cellulam nascitur ex una parte, et [[Cholinum|cholino]] quod in [[Plasma sanguineum|plasmate]] abundans per cotransportatorem Na+/cholinum intra cellulam attrahitur ex altera parte, per [[enzymum]] ''cholinum acetyltransferasis'' fabricatur. Cholinum cyclico modo redintegratur postquam aliud enzymum ''[[acetylcholesterasis]]'' in rima synaptica acetylcholinum rursus in cholinum et [[acetas|acetatem]] secuit. Acetylcholinum in extremo [[Axon|axone]] praesynaptico elaboratum intra [[Vesicula synaptica|vesiculas]] cumulatur (usque ad decem milia in unam vesiculam!) per [[Transportator neurotransmissoris|transportatorem]] VAChT qui [[Proton|protones]] ex vesicula (cuius pars interior [[acidum|acida]] est) acetylcholino permutat. Ita cum potentia actionis fit actylcholinum in rimam synapticam per [[Exocytosis|exocytosim]] emittitur. == De toxinis synapses cholinergicas turbantibus == [[Organophosphas|Organophosphorata]], ut [[gas Sarinum]] dictum (inter [[arma chemica|tela chemica]] numeratum), acetylcholinesterasis actionem cohibent ita ut acetylcholinum in rima synaptica cumuletur et receptoria postsynaptica satiet; e quo fit musculorum [[paralysis]]. Quocirca organophosphorata in [[Insecticida|insecticidis]] frequenter adhibentur. Praeterea plantae et animalia ad vitam suam tuendam multas substantias venenosas elaborarunt quae iunctionem inter neurones et musculos adoriuntur. Ita [[nicotinum]] et [[Muscarinum|muscarinum]] a duobus receptoriorum acetylcholini typis ligantur et cellulam postsynapticam excitant adeo ut etiam nomina sua illis receptoriorum typis indiderint. Item apud [[Serpentes|serpentes]] venena α-bungarotoxinum ''[[Bungarus multicinctus|bungari multicincti]]'' et α-neurotoxinum generis ''[[Naja]]'' firmiter et diuturne a receptoriis nicotinicis acetycholini ligantur ita ut acetylcholinum excludant et praedam cohibeant. Quod etiam homines in [[America Australis|America Australi]] ad venandum imitati sunt sagittas toxinis inlinentes e [[chondrodendrum tormentosum|chondrodendro tormentoso]] extractis. Nonnulla [[mollusca]] (e.g. [[Conidae|conidae]]) et [[Rana|ranae]] similibus venenis utuntur. [[Receptorium acetylcholini muscarinicum|Receptoria muscarinica]] quoque [[Alcaloides|alcaloidibus]] acetylcholinae [[Antagonista|antagonistis]] obstrui possunt ut [[Atropinum|atropino]] ex ''[[Atropa belladonna]]'' aut [[scopolaminum|scopolamino]] ex [[Hyoscyamus|Hyoscyamo]]. == Medicamenta anticholinergica == Non pauca medicamentorum effectus ''anticholinergicos'' ostendunt, i. e., quod effectus cholinergicos inhibent vel supprimunt. Demonstratum est imprimis in senectute usum medicamentorum cum effectibus anticholinergicis periculosum esse: periculum dementiae crescit<ref>{{qc|id=Coupland et al. (2019)}}</ref>. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == === Historia === * {{ec|id=Schmiedeberg et Koppe (1869)|c=Schmiedeberg O., Koppe R.: [https://books.google.de/books?id=8F0-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PP7&hl=de&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=2#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Das Muscarin. Das giftige Alkaloid des Fliegenpilzes (Agaricus Muscarius L.)''] 1869, Lipsia. ''Verlag Vogel''}} * {{ec|id=Erwins (1914)|c=Erwins A. J.: Acetylcholine, a new active principle of ergot. Biochemical Journal 1914, 8:44}} * {{ec|id=Dale (1914)|c=Dale H. H.: [https://archive.org/details/b30620946/mode/2up ''The action of certain esters and ethers of choline, and their relation to muscarine.] J. Pharmacacol. Exp. Ther.'' Mai 1914, 6: 147-90}} === Dementia effectibus contra acetylcholinum === * {{ec|id=Coupland et al. (2019)|c=Coupland C. A. C., Hill T., Dening T., Morriss R., Moore M., Hippisley-Cox J.: ''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31233095 Anticholinergic Drug Exposure and the Risk of Dementia: A Nested Case-Control Study]''. ''JAMA Internal medicine'' Iun 2019, 179(8):1084-93, [[doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.0677]]}} {{NexInt}} * [[Antagonista muscarinica]] * [[Systema excitans reticulare ascendens]] * [[Systema nervosum autonomicum]] == Nexus externus== * [http://www.bbc.com/news/health-13880553 BBC: pericula seniorum medicamentis] [[Categoria:Neurotransmissores]] [[Categoria:Systema cholinergicum (acetylcholinum)|!]] gy6cv0fb9sxbjpafevj62i3n4rfa8lg 3971826 3971823 2026-07-13T14:18:56Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De toxinis synapses cholinergicas turbantibus */ 3971826 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Acetylcholine.svg|thumb|upright=0.8|Forma [[molecula]]e acetylcholini.]] '''Acetylcholinum'''<ref>[https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/01.HYP.27.3.346 Fons nominis Latini acetylcholini, parte ''Materials'']</ref> sive '''acetylocholinum'''<ref>[https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WMP19620120050/O/M19620050.pdf Fons nominis Latini acetyl<u>o</u>cholini]</ref> (nota ACh) est [[substantia]] [[chemia organica|chemica organica]] cum effectu [[neurotransmissor|neurotransmissoris]] [[systema nervosum|systematis nervosi]] et [[systema nervosum centrale|centralis]] et [[systema nervosum periphericum|peripherici]]. Primus e neurotransmissoribus cognitus est. Eius [[nomen proprium|nomen]] ex structura chemica derivatur; [[ester]] enim ex [[acidum aceticum|acido acetico]] et [[cholinum|cholino]] est. == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Amanita muscaria UK.JPG|thumb|''[[Amanita muscaria]]'' [[muscarinum]] [[venenum]] format, quod ad receptoria acetylcholini agit.]] [[Saeculum 19|Saeculi 19]] parte secunda effectus ''[[Amanita muscaria|Amanitae muscariae]]'' ([[fungus|fungi]]) in functionibus corporis physiologicis organorum descripti sunt<ref>{{qc|id=Schmiedeberg et Koppe (1869)}}.</ref>. Revera acetylcholini ipsius et nomen et significatio non prius annum 1914 ab Erwins proposita est<ref>{{qc|id=Erwins (1914)}}.</ref>, ut anno eodem ab Dale relatio inter muscarinum et functionem acetylcholini<ref>{{qc|id=Dale (1914)}}.</ref>. Acetylcolinum "''synthetic muscarine''" (muscarinum syntheticum) aestimatum est; uno tempore ad ''"nicotine" action'' (actionem nicotinicam) mentio facta est. Tum autem distinctio clara inter actiones et ''muscarinicas'' et ''nicotinicas'' ad id tempus incerta erat. == De natura chemica == Acetylcholinum, formula summarum {{chem|C|7|H|16|N|O|2}}, est [[substantia]] [[chemia organica|chemica organica]], [[molecula]] [[colinum|cholini]], quae [[ester]] cum [[grex acetyli|grege acetyli]] (ex [[acidum aceticum|acido acetico]] s. acido ethanoico) format. <gallery> Fasciculus:Cholin (chemical structure).svg|[[Cholinum]] Fasciculus:Acetyl group.svg|[[Grex acetylorum]] Fasciculus:Acetylcholin.svg|Acetylcholinum </gallery> == De systemate cholinergico == [[Fasciculus:Muskeln des weiblichenRumpfes von hinten.gif|thumb|In corporis peripheria acetylcholinum est mediator principalis motuum [[musculus|musculorum]] (transmissione ab nervo ad musculum)]] Systema cholinergicum est summa structurarum, quibus [[Synapsis chemica|synapses]] cholinergicae vel [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris|receptoria cholinergica]] insunt. * [[Synapsis chemica]] vocatur ''cholinergica'', si neurotransmissor eius est acetylcholinum, * [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris]] vocatur [[receptorium acetylcholini|''cholinergicum'']], si neurotransmissor eius est acetylcholinum. Inveniuntur in [[Systema nervosum|systemate nervorso]] mammalium et [[systema nervosum centralie|centrali]] et [[systema nervosum periphericum|peripherico]]. In corporis peripheria acetylcholinum est * mediator principalis motuum musculorum skeleti (transmissionis ab nervo ad musculum). Intra systema nervosum centrale greges tres transmissionis cholinergicae descripti sunt: * [[Neuron motorium|neurona motoria]], imprimis intra [[medulla spinalis|medullam spinalem]], * [[interneuron]]a intra [[striatum (cerebrum)|striatum]], [[cortex cerebri|corticem cerebri]], [[hippocampus (cerebrum)|hippocampus]], velut * [[neuron proiciens|neurona proicientia]] intra [[medullam spinalem]] et [[pars basalis telencephali|partis basalis telencephali]]. == De acetylcholini synthesi in neuronibus == In neuronibus [[Synapsis chemica|praesynapticis]] acetylcholinum ex [[acetylum-CoA|acetylo-CoA]] quod ad [[Cyclus acidi citrici|cyclum acidi citrici]] ex [[Glucosum|glucosi]] oxidatione intra cellulam nascitur ex una parte, et [[Cholinum|cholino]] quod in [[Plasma sanguineum|plasmate]] abundans per cotransportatorem Na+/cholinum intra cellulam attrahitur ex altera parte, per [[enzymum]] ''cholinum acetyltransferasis'' fabricatur. Cholinum cyclico modo redintegratur postquam aliud enzymum ''[[acetylcholesterasis]]'' in rima synaptica acetylcholinum rursus in cholinum et [[acetas|acetatem]] secuit. Acetylcholinum in extremo [[Axon|axone]] praesynaptico elaboratum intra [[Vesicula synaptica|vesiculas]] cumulatur (usque ad decem milia in unam vesiculam!) per [[Transportator neurotransmissoris|transportatorem]] VAChT qui [[Proton|protones]] ex vesicula (cuius pars interior [[acidum|acida]] est) acetylcholino permutat. Ita cum potentia actionis fit actylcholinum in rimam synapticam per [[Exocytosis|exocytosim]] emittitur. == De toxinis synapses cholinergicas turbantibus == [[https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ac%C3%A9tylcholine#/media/Fichier:Synapse_acetylcholine.png|thumb|Synapsis cholinergica]] [[Organophosphas|Organophosphorata]], ut [[gas Sarinum]] dictum (inter [[arma chemica|tela chemica]] numeratum), acetylcholinesterasis actionem cohibent ita ut acetylcholinum in rima synaptica cumuletur et receptoria postsynaptica satiet; e quo fit musculorum [[paralysis]]. Quocirca organophosphorata in [[Insecticida|insecticidis]] frequenter adhibentur. Praeterea plantae et animalia ad vitam suam tuendam multas substantias venenosas elaborarunt quae iunctionem inter neurones et musculos adoriuntur. Ita [[nicotinum]] et [[Muscarinum|muscarinum]] a duobus receptoriorum acetylcholini typis ligantur et cellulam postsynapticam excitant adeo ut etiam nomina sua illis receptoriorum typis indiderint. Item apud [[Serpentes|serpentes]] venena α-bungarotoxinum ''[[Bungarus multicinctus|bungari multicincti]]'' et α-neurotoxinum generis ''[[Naja]]'' firmiter et diuturne a receptoriis nicotinicis acetycholini ligantur ita ut acetylcholinum excludant et praedam cohibeant. Quod etiam homines in [[America Australis|America Australi]] ad venandum imitati sunt sagittas toxinis inlinentes e [[chondrodendrum tormentosum|chondrodendro tormentoso]] extractis. Nonnulla [[mollusca]] (e.g. [[Conidae|conidae]]) et [[Rana|ranae]] similibus venenis utuntur. [[Receptorium acetylcholini muscarinicum|Receptoria muscarinica]] quoque [[Alcaloides|alcaloidibus]] acetylcholinae [[Antagonista|antagonistis]] obstrui possunt ut [[Atropinum|atropino]] ex ''[[Atropa belladonna]]'' aut [[scopolaminum|scopolamino]] ex [[Hyoscyamus|Hyoscyamo]]. == Medicamenta anticholinergica == Non pauca medicamentorum effectus ''anticholinergicos'' ostendunt, i. e., quod effectus cholinergicos inhibent vel supprimunt. Demonstratum est imprimis in senectute usum medicamentorum cum effectibus anticholinergicis periculosum esse: periculum dementiae crescit<ref>{{qc|id=Coupland et al. (2019)}}</ref>. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == === Historia === * {{ec|id=Schmiedeberg et Koppe (1869)|c=Schmiedeberg O., Koppe R.: [https://books.google.de/books?id=8F0-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PP7&hl=de&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=2#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Das Muscarin. Das giftige Alkaloid des Fliegenpilzes (Agaricus Muscarius L.)''] 1869, Lipsia. ''Verlag Vogel''}} * {{ec|id=Erwins (1914)|c=Erwins A. J.: Acetylcholine, a new active principle of ergot. Biochemical Journal 1914, 8:44}} * {{ec|id=Dale (1914)|c=Dale H. H.: [https://archive.org/details/b30620946/mode/2up ''The action of certain esters and ethers of choline, and their relation to muscarine.] J. Pharmacacol. Exp. Ther.'' Mai 1914, 6: 147-90}} === Dementia effectibus contra acetylcholinum === * {{ec|id=Coupland et al. (2019)|c=Coupland C. A. C., Hill T., Dening T., Morriss R., Moore M., Hippisley-Cox J.: ''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31233095 Anticholinergic Drug Exposure and the Risk of Dementia: A Nested Case-Control Study]''. ''JAMA Internal medicine'' Iun 2019, 179(8):1084-93, [[doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.0677]]}} {{NexInt}} * [[Antagonista muscarinica]] * [[Systema excitans reticulare ascendens]] * [[Systema nervosum autonomicum]] == Nexus externus== * [http://www.bbc.com/news/health-13880553 BBC: pericula seniorum medicamentis] [[Categoria:Neurotransmissores]] [[Categoria:Systema cholinergicum (acetylcholinum)|!]] jzdyzq6rbt09szjwa5s9bkful7oxy1r 3971827 3971826 2026-07-13T14:21:41Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Nexus externus */ 3971827 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Acetylcholine.svg|thumb|upright=0.8|Forma [[molecula]]e acetylcholini.]] '''Acetylcholinum'''<ref>[https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/01.HYP.27.3.346 Fons nominis Latini acetylcholini, parte ''Materials'']</ref> sive '''acetylocholinum'''<ref>[https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WMP19620120050/O/M19620050.pdf Fons nominis Latini acetyl<u>o</u>cholini]</ref> (nota ACh) est [[substantia]] [[chemia organica|chemica organica]] cum effectu [[neurotransmissor|neurotransmissoris]] [[systema nervosum|systematis nervosi]] et [[systema nervosum centrale|centralis]] et [[systema nervosum periphericum|peripherici]]. Primus e neurotransmissoribus cognitus est. Eius [[nomen proprium|nomen]] ex structura chemica derivatur; [[ester]] enim ex [[acidum aceticum|acido acetico]] et [[cholinum|cholino]] est. == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Amanita muscaria UK.JPG|thumb|''[[Amanita muscaria]]'' [[muscarinum]] [[venenum]] format, quod ad receptoria acetylcholini agit.]] [[Saeculum 19|Saeculi 19]] parte secunda effectus ''[[Amanita muscaria|Amanitae muscariae]]'' ([[fungus|fungi]]) in functionibus corporis physiologicis organorum descripti sunt<ref>{{qc|id=Schmiedeberg et Koppe (1869)}}.</ref>. Revera acetylcholini ipsius et nomen et significatio non prius annum 1914 ab Erwins proposita est<ref>{{qc|id=Erwins (1914)}}.</ref>, ut anno eodem ab Dale relatio inter muscarinum et functionem acetylcholini<ref>{{qc|id=Dale (1914)}}.</ref>. Acetylcolinum "''synthetic muscarine''" (muscarinum syntheticum) aestimatum est; uno tempore ad ''"nicotine" action'' (actionem nicotinicam) mentio facta est. Tum autem distinctio clara inter actiones et ''muscarinicas'' et ''nicotinicas'' ad id tempus incerta erat. == De natura chemica == Acetylcholinum, formula summarum {{chem|C|7|H|16|N|O|2}}, est [[substantia]] [[chemia organica|chemica organica]], [[molecula]] [[colinum|cholini]], quae [[ester]] cum [[grex acetyli|grege acetyli]] (ex [[acidum aceticum|acido acetico]] s. acido ethanoico) format. <gallery> Fasciculus:Cholin (chemical structure).svg|[[Cholinum]] Fasciculus:Acetyl group.svg|[[Grex acetylorum]] Fasciculus:Acetylcholin.svg|Acetylcholinum </gallery> == De systemate cholinergico == [[Fasciculus:Muskeln des weiblichenRumpfes von hinten.gif|thumb|In corporis peripheria acetylcholinum est mediator principalis motuum [[musculus|musculorum]] (transmissione ab nervo ad musculum)]] Systema cholinergicum est summa structurarum, quibus [[Synapsis chemica|synapses]] cholinergicae vel [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris|receptoria cholinergica]] insunt. * [[Synapsis chemica]] vocatur ''cholinergica'', si neurotransmissor eius est acetylcholinum, * [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris]] vocatur [[receptorium acetylcholini|''cholinergicum'']], si neurotransmissor eius est acetylcholinum. Inveniuntur in [[Systema nervosum|systemate nervorso]] mammalium et [[systema nervosum centralie|centrali]] et [[systema nervosum periphericum|peripherico]]. In corporis peripheria acetylcholinum est * mediator principalis motuum musculorum skeleti (transmissionis ab nervo ad musculum). Intra systema nervosum centrale greges tres transmissionis cholinergicae descripti sunt: * [[Neuron motorium|neurona motoria]], imprimis intra [[medulla spinalis|medullam spinalem]], * [[interneuron]]a intra [[striatum (cerebrum)|striatum]], [[cortex cerebri|corticem cerebri]], [[hippocampus (cerebrum)|hippocampus]], velut * [[neuron proiciens|neurona proicientia]] intra [[medullam spinalem]] et [[pars basalis telencephali|partis basalis telencephali]]. == De acetylcholini synthesi in neuronibus == In neuronibus [[Synapsis chemica|praesynapticis]] acetylcholinum ex [[acetylum-CoA|acetylo-CoA]] quod ad [[Cyclus acidi citrici|cyclum acidi citrici]] ex [[Glucosum|glucosi]] oxidatione intra cellulam nascitur ex una parte, et [[Cholinum|cholino]] quod in [[Plasma sanguineum|plasmate]] abundans per cotransportatorem Na+/cholinum intra cellulam attrahitur ex altera parte, per [[enzymum]] ''cholinum acetyltransferasis'' fabricatur. Cholinum cyclico modo redintegratur postquam aliud enzymum ''[[acetylcholesterasis]]'' in rima synaptica acetylcholinum rursus in cholinum et [[acetas|acetatem]] secuit. Acetylcholinum in extremo [[Axon|axone]] praesynaptico elaboratum intra [[Vesicula synaptica|vesiculas]] cumulatur (usque ad decem milia in unam vesiculam!) per [[Transportator neurotransmissoris|transportatorem]] VAChT qui [[Proton|protones]] ex vesicula (cuius pars interior [[acidum|acida]] est) acetylcholino permutat. Ita cum potentia actionis fit actylcholinum in rimam synapticam per [[Exocytosis|exocytosim]] emittitur. == De toxinis synapses cholinergicas turbantibus == [[https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ac%C3%A9tylcholine#/media/Fichier:Synapse_acetylcholine.png|thumb|Synapsis cholinergica]] [[Organophosphas|Organophosphorata]], ut [[gas Sarinum]] dictum (inter [[arma chemica|tela chemica]] numeratum), acetylcholinesterasis actionem cohibent ita ut acetylcholinum in rima synaptica cumuletur et receptoria postsynaptica satiet; e quo fit musculorum [[paralysis]]. Quocirca organophosphorata in [[Insecticida|insecticidis]] frequenter adhibentur. Praeterea plantae et animalia ad vitam suam tuendam multas substantias venenosas elaborarunt quae iunctionem inter neurones et musculos adoriuntur. Ita [[nicotinum]] et [[Muscarinum|muscarinum]] a duobus receptoriorum acetylcholini typis ligantur et cellulam postsynapticam excitant adeo ut etiam nomina sua illis receptoriorum typis indiderint. Item apud [[Serpentes|serpentes]] venena α-bungarotoxinum ''[[Bungarus multicinctus|bungari multicincti]]'' et α-neurotoxinum generis ''[[Naja]]'' firmiter et diuturne a receptoriis nicotinicis acetycholini ligantur ita ut acetylcholinum excludant et praedam cohibeant. Quod etiam homines in [[America Australis|America Australi]] ad venandum imitati sunt sagittas toxinis inlinentes e [[chondrodendrum tormentosum|chondrodendro tormentoso]] extractis. Nonnulla [[mollusca]] (e.g. [[Conidae|conidae]]) et [[Rana|ranae]] similibus venenis utuntur. [[Receptorium acetylcholini muscarinicum|Receptoria muscarinica]] quoque [[Alcaloides|alcaloidibus]] acetylcholinae [[Antagonista|antagonistis]] obstrui possunt ut [[Atropinum|atropino]] ex ''[[Atropa belladonna]]'' aut [[scopolaminum|scopolamino]] ex [[Hyoscyamus|Hyoscyamo]]. == Medicamenta anticholinergica == Non pauca medicamentorum effectus ''anticholinergicos'' ostendunt, i. e., quod effectus cholinergicos inhibent vel supprimunt. Demonstratum est imprimis in senectute usum medicamentorum cum effectibus anticholinergicis periculosum esse: periculum dementiae crescit<ref>{{qc|id=Coupland et al. (2019)}}</ref>. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == === Historia === * {{ec|id=Schmiedeberg et Koppe (1869)|c=Schmiedeberg O., Koppe R.: [https://books.google.de/books?id=8F0-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PP7&hl=de&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=2#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Das Muscarin. Das giftige Alkaloid des Fliegenpilzes (Agaricus Muscarius L.)''] 1869, Lipsia. ''Verlag Vogel''}} * {{ec|id=Erwins (1914)|c=Erwins A. J.: Acetylcholine, a new active principle of ergot. Biochemical Journal 1914, 8:44}} * {{ec|id=Dale (1914)|c=Dale H. H.: [https://archive.org/details/b30620946/mode/2up ''The action of certain esters and ethers of choline, and their relation to muscarine.] J. Pharmacacol. Exp. Ther.'' Mai 1914, 6: 147-90}} === Dementia effectibus contra acetylcholinum === * {{ec|id=Coupland et al. (2019)|c=Coupland C. A. C., Hill T., Dening T., Morriss R., Moore M., Hippisley-Cox J.: ''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31233095 Anticholinergic Drug Exposure and the Risk of Dementia: A Nested Case-Control Study]''. ''JAMA Internal medicine'' Iun 2019, 179(8):1084-93, [[doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.0677]]}} {{NexInt}} * [[Antagonista muscarinica]] * [[Systema excitans reticulare ascendens]] * [[Systema nervosum autonomicum]] == Nexus externi== *[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Acetylcholine Acetylcholinum] spectant * [http://www.bbc.com/news/health-13880553 BBC: pericula seniorum medicamentis] [[Categoria:Neurotransmissores]] [[Categoria:Systema cholinergicum (acetylcholinum)|!]] ocy2cj8ocdxc56enu8wlujr0rhdqmph 3971828 3971827 2026-07-13T14:22:07Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Nexus externi */ 3971828 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Acetylcholine.svg|thumb|upright=0.8|Forma [[molecula]]e acetylcholini.]] '''Acetylcholinum'''<ref>[https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/01.HYP.27.3.346 Fons nominis Latini acetylcholini, parte ''Materials'']</ref> sive '''acetylocholinum'''<ref>[https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WMP19620120050/O/M19620050.pdf Fons nominis Latini acetyl<u>o</u>cholini]</ref> (nota ACh) est [[substantia]] [[chemia organica|chemica organica]] cum effectu [[neurotransmissor|neurotransmissoris]] [[systema nervosum|systematis nervosi]] et [[systema nervosum centrale|centralis]] et [[systema nervosum periphericum|peripherici]]. Primus e neurotransmissoribus cognitus est. Eius [[nomen proprium|nomen]] ex structura chemica derivatur; [[ester]] enim ex [[acidum aceticum|acido acetico]] et [[cholinum|cholino]] est. == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Amanita muscaria UK.JPG|thumb|''[[Amanita muscaria]]'' [[muscarinum]] [[venenum]] format, quod ad receptoria acetylcholini agit.]] [[Saeculum 19|Saeculi 19]] parte secunda effectus ''[[Amanita muscaria|Amanitae muscariae]]'' ([[fungus|fungi]]) in functionibus corporis physiologicis organorum descripti sunt<ref>{{qc|id=Schmiedeberg et Koppe (1869)}}.</ref>. Revera acetylcholini ipsius et nomen et significatio non prius annum 1914 ab Erwins proposita est<ref>{{qc|id=Erwins (1914)}}.</ref>, ut anno eodem ab Dale relatio inter muscarinum et functionem acetylcholini<ref>{{qc|id=Dale (1914)}}.</ref>. Acetylcolinum "''synthetic muscarine''" (muscarinum syntheticum) aestimatum est; uno tempore ad ''"nicotine" action'' (actionem nicotinicam) mentio facta est. Tum autem distinctio clara inter actiones et ''muscarinicas'' et ''nicotinicas'' ad id tempus incerta erat. == De natura chemica == Acetylcholinum, formula summarum {{chem|C|7|H|16|N|O|2}}, est [[substantia]] [[chemia organica|chemica organica]], [[molecula]] [[colinum|cholini]], quae [[ester]] cum [[grex acetyli|grege acetyli]] (ex [[acidum aceticum|acido acetico]] s. acido ethanoico) format. <gallery> Fasciculus:Cholin (chemical structure).svg|[[Cholinum]] Fasciculus:Acetyl group.svg|[[Grex acetylorum]] Fasciculus:Acetylcholin.svg|Acetylcholinum </gallery> == De systemate cholinergico == [[Fasciculus:Muskeln des weiblichenRumpfes von hinten.gif|thumb|In corporis peripheria acetylcholinum est mediator principalis motuum [[musculus|musculorum]] (transmissione ab nervo ad musculum)]] Systema cholinergicum est summa structurarum, quibus [[Synapsis chemica|synapses]] cholinergicae vel [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris|receptoria cholinergica]] insunt. * [[Synapsis chemica]] vocatur ''cholinergica'', si neurotransmissor eius est acetylcholinum, * [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris]] vocatur [[receptorium acetylcholini|''cholinergicum'']], si neurotransmissor eius est acetylcholinum. Inveniuntur in [[Systema nervosum|systemate nervorso]] mammalium et [[systema nervosum centralie|centrali]] et [[systema nervosum periphericum|peripherico]]. In corporis peripheria acetylcholinum est * mediator principalis motuum musculorum skeleti (transmissionis ab nervo ad musculum). Intra systema nervosum centrale greges tres transmissionis cholinergicae descripti sunt: * [[Neuron motorium|neurona motoria]], imprimis intra [[medulla spinalis|medullam spinalem]], * [[interneuron]]a intra [[striatum (cerebrum)|striatum]], [[cortex cerebri|corticem cerebri]], [[hippocampus (cerebrum)|hippocampus]], velut * [[neuron proiciens|neurona proicientia]] intra [[medullam spinalem]] et [[pars basalis telencephali|partis basalis telencephali]]. == De acetylcholini synthesi in neuronibus == In neuronibus [[Synapsis chemica|praesynapticis]] acetylcholinum ex [[acetylum-CoA|acetylo-CoA]] quod ad [[Cyclus acidi citrici|cyclum acidi citrici]] ex [[Glucosum|glucosi]] oxidatione intra cellulam nascitur ex una parte, et [[Cholinum|cholino]] quod in [[Plasma sanguineum|plasmate]] abundans per cotransportatorem Na+/cholinum intra cellulam attrahitur ex altera parte, per [[enzymum]] ''cholinum acetyltransferasis'' fabricatur. Cholinum cyclico modo redintegratur postquam aliud enzymum ''[[acetylcholesterasis]]'' in rima synaptica acetylcholinum rursus in cholinum et [[acetas|acetatem]] secuit. Acetylcholinum in extremo [[Axon|axone]] praesynaptico elaboratum intra [[Vesicula synaptica|vesiculas]] cumulatur (usque ad decem milia in unam vesiculam!) per [[Transportator neurotransmissoris|transportatorem]] VAChT qui [[Proton|protones]] ex vesicula (cuius pars interior [[acidum|acida]] est) acetylcholino permutat. Ita cum potentia actionis fit actylcholinum in rimam synapticam per [[Exocytosis|exocytosim]] emittitur. == De toxinis synapses cholinergicas turbantibus == [[https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ac%C3%A9tylcholine#/media/Fichier:Synapse_acetylcholine.png|thumb|Synapsis cholinergica]] [[Organophosphas|Organophosphorata]], ut [[gas Sarinum]] dictum (inter [[arma chemica|tela chemica]] numeratum), acetylcholinesterasis actionem cohibent ita ut acetylcholinum in rima synaptica cumuletur et receptoria postsynaptica satiet; e quo fit musculorum [[paralysis]]. Quocirca organophosphorata in [[Insecticida|insecticidis]] frequenter adhibentur. Praeterea plantae et animalia ad vitam suam tuendam multas substantias venenosas elaborarunt quae iunctionem inter neurones et musculos adoriuntur. Ita [[nicotinum]] et [[Muscarinum|muscarinum]] a duobus receptoriorum acetylcholini typis ligantur et cellulam postsynapticam excitant adeo ut etiam nomina sua illis receptoriorum typis indiderint. Item apud [[Serpentes|serpentes]] venena α-bungarotoxinum ''[[Bungarus multicinctus|bungari multicincti]]'' et α-neurotoxinum generis ''[[Naja]]'' firmiter et diuturne a receptoriis nicotinicis acetycholini ligantur ita ut acetylcholinum excludant et praedam cohibeant. Quod etiam homines in [[America Australis|America Australi]] ad venandum imitati sunt sagittas toxinis inlinentes e [[chondrodendrum tormentosum|chondrodendro tormentoso]] extractis. Nonnulla [[mollusca]] (e.g. [[Conidae|conidae]]) et [[Rana|ranae]] similibus venenis utuntur. [[Receptorium acetylcholini muscarinicum|Receptoria muscarinica]] quoque [[Alcaloides|alcaloidibus]] acetylcholinae [[Antagonista|antagonistis]] obstrui possunt ut [[Atropinum|atropino]] ex ''[[Atropa belladonna]]'' aut [[scopolaminum|scopolamino]] ex [[Hyoscyamus|Hyoscyamo]]. == Medicamenta anticholinergica == Non pauca medicamentorum effectus ''anticholinergicos'' ostendunt, i. e., quod effectus cholinergicos inhibent vel supprimunt. Demonstratum est imprimis in senectute usum medicamentorum cum effectibus anticholinergicis periculosum esse: periculum dementiae crescit<ref>{{qc|id=Coupland et al. (2019)}}</ref>. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == === Historia === * {{ec|id=Schmiedeberg et Koppe (1869)|c=Schmiedeberg O., Koppe R.: [https://books.google.de/books?id=8F0-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PP7&hl=de&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=2#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Das Muscarin. Das giftige Alkaloid des Fliegenpilzes (Agaricus Muscarius L.)''] 1869, Lipsia. ''Verlag Vogel''}} * {{ec|id=Erwins (1914)|c=Erwins A. J.: Acetylcholine, a new active principle of ergot. Biochemical Journal 1914, 8:44}} * {{ec|id=Dale (1914)|c=Dale H. H.: [https://archive.org/details/b30620946/mode/2up ''The action of certain esters and ethers of choline, and their relation to muscarine.] J. Pharmacacol. Exp. Ther.'' Mai 1914, 6: 147-90}} === Dementia effectibus contra acetylcholinum === * {{ec|id=Coupland et al. (2019)|c=Coupland C. A. C., Hill T., Dening T., Morriss R., Moore M., Hippisley-Cox J.: ''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31233095 Anticholinergic Drug Exposure and the Risk of Dementia: A Nested Case-Control Study]''. ''JAMA Internal medicine'' Iun 2019, 179(8):1084-93, [[doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.0677]]}} {{NexInt}} * [[Antagonista muscarinica]] * [[Systema excitans reticulare ascendens]] * [[Systema nervosum autonomicum]] == Nexus externi== *[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Acetylcholine acetylcholinum] spectant * [http://www.bbc.com/news/health-13880553 BBC: pericula seniorum medicamentis] [[Categoria:Neurotransmissores]] [[Categoria:Systema cholinergicum (acetylcholinum)|!]] au8gkbqkwa1i7n5ow486u1addk8d9zs 3971829 3971828 2026-07-13T14:24:03Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De toxinis synapses cholinergicas turbantibus */ 3971829 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Acetylcholine.svg|thumb|upright=0.8|Forma [[molecula]]e acetylcholini.]] '''Acetylcholinum'''<ref>[https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/01.HYP.27.3.346 Fons nominis Latini acetylcholini, parte ''Materials'']</ref> sive '''acetylocholinum'''<ref>[https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WMP19620120050/O/M19620050.pdf Fons nominis Latini acetyl<u>o</u>cholini]</ref> (nota ACh) est [[substantia]] [[chemia organica|chemica organica]] cum effectu [[neurotransmissor|neurotransmissoris]] [[systema nervosum|systematis nervosi]] et [[systema nervosum centrale|centralis]] et [[systema nervosum periphericum|peripherici]]. Primus e neurotransmissoribus cognitus est. Eius [[nomen proprium|nomen]] ex structura chemica derivatur; [[ester]] enim ex [[acidum aceticum|acido acetico]] et [[cholinum|cholino]] est. == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Amanita muscaria UK.JPG|thumb|''[[Amanita muscaria]]'' [[muscarinum]] [[venenum]] format, quod ad receptoria acetylcholini agit.]] [[Saeculum 19|Saeculi 19]] parte secunda effectus ''[[Amanita muscaria|Amanitae muscariae]]'' ([[fungus|fungi]]) in functionibus corporis physiologicis organorum descripti sunt<ref>{{qc|id=Schmiedeberg et Koppe (1869)}}.</ref>. Revera acetylcholini ipsius et nomen et significatio non prius annum 1914 ab Erwins proposita est<ref>{{qc|id=Erwins (1914)}}.</ref>, ut anno eodem ab Dale relatio inter muscarinum et functionem acetylcholini<ref>{{qc|id=Dale (1914)}}.</ref>. Acetylcolinum "''synthetic muscarine''" (muscarinum syntheticum) aestimatum est; uno tempore ad ''"nicotine" action'' (actionem nicotinicam) mentio facta est. Tum autem distinctio clara inter actiones et ''muscarinicas'' et ''nicotinicas'' ad id tempus incerta erat. == De natura chemica == Acetylcholinum, formula summarum {{chem|C|7|H|16|N|O|2}}, est [[substantia]] [[chemia organica|chemica organica]], [[molecula]] [[colinum|cholini]], quae [[ester]] cum [[grex acetyli|grege acetyli]] (ex [[acidum aceticum|acido acetico]] s. acido ethanoico) format. <gallery> Fasciculus:Cholin (chemical structure).svg|[[Cholinum]] Fasciculus:Acetyl group.svg|[[Grex acetylorum]] Fasciculus:Acetylcholin.svg|Acetylcholinum </gallery> == De systemate cholinergico == [[Fasciculus:Muskeln des weiblichenRumpfes von hinten.gif|thumb|In corporis peripheria acetylcholinum est mediator principalis motuum [[musculus|musculorum]] (transmissione ab nervo ad musculum)]] Systema cholinergicum est summa structurarum, quibus [[Synapsis chemica|synapses]] cholinergicae vel [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris|receptoria cholinergica]] insunt. * [[Synapsis chemica]] vocatur ''cholinergica'', si neurotransmissor eius est acetylcholinum, * [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris]] vocatur [[receptorium acetylcholini|''cholinergicum'']], si neurotransmissor eius est acetylcholinum. Inveniuntur in [[Systema nervosum|systemate nervorso]] mammalium et [[systema nervosum centralie|centrali]] et [[systema nervosum periphericum|peripherico]]. In corporis peripheria acetylcholinum est * mediator principalis motuum musculorum skeleti (transmissionis ab nervo ad musculum). Intra systema nervosum centrale greges tres transmissionis cholinergicae descripti sunt: * [[Neuron motorium|neurona motoria]], imprimis intra [[medulla spinalis|medullam spinalem]], * [[interneuron]]a intra [[striatum (cerebrum)|striatum]], [[cortex cerebri|corticem cerebri]], [[hippocampus (cerebrum)|hippocampus]], velut * [[neuron proiciens|neurona proicientia]] intra [[medullam spinalem]] et [[pars basalis telencephali|partis basalis telencephali]]. == De acetylcholini synthesi in neuronibus == In neuronibus [[Synapsis chemica|praesynapticis]] acetylcholinum ex [[acetylum-CoA|acetylo-CoA]] quod ad [[Cyclus acidi citrici|cyclum acidi citrici]] ex [[Glucosum|glucosi]] oxidatione intra cellulam nascitur ex una parte, et [[Cholinum|cholino]] quod in [[Plasma sanguineum|plasmate]] abundans per cotransportatorem Na+/cholinum intra cellulam attrahitur ex altera parte, per [[enzymum]] ''cholinum acetyltransferasis'' fabricatur. Cholinum cyclico modo redintegratur postquam aliud enzymum ''[[acetylcholesterasis]]'' in rima synaptica acetylcholinum rursus in cholinum et [[acetas|acetatem]] secuit. Acetylcholinum in extremo [[Axon|axone]] praesynaptico elaboratum intra [[Vesicula synaptica|vesiculas]] cumulatur (usque ad decem milia in unam vesiculam!) per [[Transportator neurotransmissoris|transportatorem]] VAChT qui [[Proton|protones]] ex vesicula (cuius pars interior [[acidum|acida]] est) acetylcholino permutat. Ita cum potentia actionis fit actylcholinum in rimam synapticam per [[Exocytosis|exocytosim]] emittitur. == De toxinis synapses cholinergicas turbantibus == [[Fasciculus:Synapse acetylcholine.png|thumb|Synapsis cholinergica.]] [[Organophosphas|Organophosphorata]], ut [[gas Sarinum]] dictum (inter [[arma chemica|tela chemica]] numeratum), acetylcholinesterasis actionem cohibent ita ut acetylcholinum in rima synaptica cumuletur et receptoria postsynaptica satiet; e quo fit musculorum [[paralysis]]. Quocirca organophosphorata in [[Insecticida|insecticidis]] frequenter adhibentur. Praeterea plantae et animalia ad vitam suam tuendam multas substantias venenosas elaborarunt quae iunctionem inter neurones et musculos adoriuntur. Ita [[nicotinum]] et [[Muscarinum|muscarinum]] a duobus receptoriorum acetylcholini typis ligantur et cellulam postsynapticam excitant adeo ut etiam nomina sua illis receptoriorum typis indiderint. Item apud [[Serpentes|serpentes]] venena α-bungarotoxinum ''[[Bungarus multicinctus|bungari multicincti]]'' et α-neurotoxinum generis ''[[Naja]]'' firmiter et diuturne a receptoriis nicotinicis acetycholini ligantur ita ut acetylcholinum excludant et praedam cohibeant. Quod etiam homines in [[America Australis|America Australi]] ad venandum imitati sunt sagittas toxinis inlinentes e [[chondrodendrum tormentosum|chondrodendro tormentoso]] extractis. Nonnulla [[mollusca]] (e.g. [[Conidae|conidae]]) et [[Rana|ranae]] similibus venenis utuntur. [[Receptorium acetylcholini muscarinicum|Receptoria muscarinica]] quoque [[Alcaloides|alcaloidibus]] acetylcholinae [[Antagonista|antagonistis]] obstrui possunt ut [[Atropinum|atropino]] ex ''[[Atropa belladonna]]'' aut [[scopolaminum|scopolamino]] ex [[Hyoscyamus|Hyoscyamo]]. == Medicamenta anticholinergica == Non pauca medicamentorum effectus ''anticholinergicos'' ostendunt, i. e., quod effectus cholinergicos inhibent vel supprimunt. Demonstratum est imprimis in senectute usum medicamentorum cum effectibus anticholinergicis periculosum esse: periculum dementiae crescit<ref>{{qc|id=Coupland et al. (2019)}}</ref>. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == === Historia === * {{ec|id=Schmiedeberg et Koppe (1869)|c=Schmiedeberg O., Koppe R.: [https://books.google.de/books?id=8F0-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PP7&hl=de&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=2#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Das Muscarin. Das giftige Alkaloid des Fliegenpilzes (Agaricus Muscarius L.)''] 1869, Lipsia. ''Verlag Vogel''}} * {{ec|id=Erwins (1914)|c=Erwins A. J.: Acetylcholine, a new active principle of ergot. Biochemical Journal 1914, 8:44}} * {{ec|id=Dale (1914)|c=Dale H. H.: [https://archive.org/details/b30620946/mode/2up ''The action of certain esters and ethers of choline, and their relation to muscarine.] J. Pharmacacol. Exp. Ther.'' Mai 1914, 6: 147-90}} === Dementia effectibus contra acetylcholinum === * {{ec|id=Coupland et al. (2019)|c=Coupland C. A. C., Hill T., Dening T., Morriss R., Moore M., Hippisley-Cox J.: ''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31233095 Anticholinergic Drug Exposure and the Risk of Dementia: A Nested Case-Control Study]''. ''JAMA Internal medicine'' Iun 2019, 179(8):1084-93, [[doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.0677]]}} {{NexInt}} * [[Antagonista muscarinica]] * [[Systema excitans reticulare ascendens]] * [[Systema nervosum autonomicum]] == Nexus externi== *[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Acetylcholine acetylcholinum] spectant * [http://www.bbc.com/news/health-13880553 BBC: pericula seniorum medicamentis] [[Categoria:Neurotransmissores]] [[Categoria:Systema cholinergicum (acetylcholinum)|!]] cbyvhwff4jta16u98wio0zw35pd9f4x 3971830 3971829 2026-07-13T14:25:54Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De toxinis synapses cholinergicas turbantibus */ 3971830 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Acetylcholine.svg|thumb|upright=0.8|Forma [[molecula]]e acetylcholini.]] '''Acetylcholinum'''<ref>[https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/01.HYP.27.3.346 Fons nominis Latini acetylcholini, parte ''Materials'']</ref> sive '''acetylocholinum'''<ref>[https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WMP19620120050/O/M19620050.pdf Fons nominis Latini acetyl<u>o</u>cholini]</ref> (nota ACh) est [[substantia]] [[chemia organica|chemica organica]] cum effectu [[neurotransmissor|neurotransmissoris]] [[systema nervosum|systematis nervosi]] et [[systema nervosum centrale|centralis]] et [[systema nervosum periphericum|peripherici]]. Primus e neurotransmissoribus cognitus est. Eius [[nomen proprium|nomen]] ex structura chemica derivatur; [[ester]] enim ex [[acidum aceticum|acido acetico]] et [[cholinum|cholino]] est. == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Amanita muscaria UK.JPG|thumb|''[[Amanita muscaria]]'' [[muscarinum]] [[venenum]] format, quod ad receptoria acetylcholini agit.]] [[Saeculum 19|Saeculi 19]] parte secunda effectus ''[[Amanita muscaria|Amanitae muscariae]]'' ([[fungus|fungi]]) in functionibus corporis physiologicis organorum descripti sunt<ref>{{qc|id=Schmiedeberg et Koppe (1869)}}.</ref>. Revera acetylcholini ipsius et nomen et significatio non prius annum 1914 ab Erwins proposita est<ref>{{qc|id=Erwins (1914)}}.</ref>, ut anno eodem ab Dale relatio inter muscarinum et functionem acetylcholini<ref>{{qc|id=Dale (1914)}}.</ref>. Acetylcolinum "''synthetic muscarine''" (muscarinum syntheticum) aestimatum est; uno tempore ad ''"nicotine" action'' (actionem nicotinicam) mentio facta est. Tum autem distinctio clara inter actiones et ''muscarinicas'' et ''nicotinicas'' ad id tempus incerta erat. == De natura chemica == Acetylcholinum, formula summarum {{chem|C|7|H|16|N|O|2}}, est [[substantia]] [[chemia organica|chemica organica]], [[molecula]] [[colinum|cholini]], quae [[ester]] cum [[grex acetyli|grege acetyli]] (ex [[acidum aceticum|acido acetico]] s. acido ethanoico) format. <gallery> Fasciculus:Cholin (chemical structure).svg|[[Cholinum]] Fasciculus:Acetyl group.svg|[[Grex acetylorum]] Fasciculus:Acetylcholin.svg|Acetylcholinum </gallery> == De systemate cholinergico == [[Fasciculus:Muskeln des weiblichenRumpfes von hinten.gif|thumb|In corporis peripheria acetylcholinum est mediator principalis motuum [[musculus|musculorum]] (transmissione ab nervo ad musculum)]] Systema cholinergicum est summa structurarum, quibus [[Synapsis chemica|synapses]] cholinergicae vel [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris|receptoria cholinergica]] insunt. * [[Synapsis chemica]] vocatur ''cholinergica'', si neurotransmissor eius est acetylcholinum, * [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris]] vocatur [[receptorium acetylcholini|''cholinergicum'']], si neurotransmissor eius est acetylcholinum. Inveniuntur in [[Systema nervosum|systemate nervorso]] mammalium et [[systema nervosum centralie|centrali]] et [[systema nervosum periphericum|peripherico]]. In corporis peripheria acetylcholinum est * mediator principalis motuum musculorum skeleti (transmissionis ab nervo ad musculum). Intra systema nervosum centrale greges tres transmissionis cholinergicae descripti sunt: * [[Neuron motorium|neurona motoria]], imprimis intra [[medulla spinalis|medullam spinalem]], * [[interneuron]]a intra [[striatum (cerebrum)|striatum]], [[cortex cerebri|corticem cerebri]], [[hippocampus (cerebrum)|hippocampus]], velut * [[neuron proiciens|neurona proicientia]] intra [[medullam spinalem]] et [[pars basalis telencephali|partis basalis telencephali]]. == De acetylcholini synthesi in neuronibus == In neuronibus [[Synapsis chemica|praesynapticis]] acetylcholinum ex [[acetylum-CoA|acetylo-CoA]] quod ad [[Cyclus acidi citrici|cyclum acidi citrici]] ex [[Glucosum|glucosi]] oxidatione intra cellulam nascitur ex una parte, et [[Cholinum|cholino]] quod in [[Plasma sanguineum|plasmate]] abundans per cotransportatorem Na+/cholinum intra cellulam attrahitur ex altera parte, per [[enzymum]] ''cholinum acetyltransferasis'' fabricatur. Cholinum cyclico modo redintegratur postquam aliud enzymum ''[[acetylcholesterasis]]'' in rima synaptica acetylcholinum rursus in cholinum et [[acetas|acetatem]] secuit. Acetylcholinum in extremo [[Axon|axone]] praesynaptico elaboratum intra [[Vesicula synaptica|vesiculas]] cumulatur (usque ad decem milia in unam vesiculam!) per [[Transportator neurotransmissoris|transportatorem]] VAChT qui [[Proton|protones]] ex vesicula (cuius pars interior [[acidum|acida]] est) acetylcholino permutat. Ita cum potentia actionis fit actylcholinum in rimam synapticam per [[Exocytosis|exocytosim]] emittitur. == De toxinis synapses cholinergicas turbantibus == [[Fasciculus:Synapse acetylcholine.png|thumb|Synapsis cholinergica.]] [[Organophosphas|Organophosphorata]], ut [[gas Sarinum]] dictum (inter [[arma chemica|tela chemica]] numeratum), acetylcholinesterasis actionem cohibent ita ut acetylcholinum in rima synaptica cumuletur et receptoria postsynaptica satiet; e quo fit musculorum [[paralysis]]. Quocirca organophosphorata in [[Insecticida|insecticidis]] frequenter adhibentur. Praeterea plantae et animalia ad vitam suam tuendam multas substantias venenosas elaborarunt quae iunctionem inter neurones et musculos adoriuntur. Ita [[nicotinum]] et [[Muscarinum|muscarinum]] a duobus receptoriorum acetylcholini typis ligantur et cellulam postsynapticam excitant adeo ut etiam nomina sua illis receptoriorum typis indiderint. Item apud [[Serpentes|serpentes]] venena α-bungarotoxinum ''[[Bungarus multicinctus|bungari multicincti]]'' et α-neurotoxinum generis ''[[Naja]]'' firmiter et diuturne a receptoriis nicotinicis acetycholini ligantur ita ut acetylcholinum excludant et praedam cohibeant. Quod etiam homines in [[America Australis|America Australi]] ad venandum imitati sunt sagittas toxinis inlinentes e [[chondrodendrum tormentosum|chondrodendro tormentoso]] extractis. Nonnulla [[mollusca]] (e.g. [[Conidae|conidae]]) et [[Rana|ranae]] similibus venenis utuntur. [[Receptorium acetylcholini muscarinicum|Receptoria muscarinica]] quoque [[Alcaloides|alcaloidibus]] acetylcholinae [[Antagonista|antagonistis]] obstrui possunt ut [[Atropinum|atropino]] ex ''[[Atropa belladonna]]'' aut [[scopolaminum|scopolamino]] ex ''[[Hyoscyamus|Hyoscyamo]]''. == Medicamenta anticholinergica == Non pauca medicamentorum effectus ''anticholinergicos'' ostendunt, i. e., quod effectus cholinergicos inhibent vel supprimunt. Demonstratum est imprimis in senectute usum medicamentorum cum effectibus anticholinergicis periculosum esse: periculum dementiae crescit<ref>{{qc|id=Coupland et al. (2019)}}</ref>. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == === Historia === * {{ec|id=Schmiedeberg et Koppe (1869)|c=Schmiedeberg O., Koppe R.: [https://books.google.de/books?id=8F0-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PP7&hl=de&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=2#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Das Muscarin. Das giftige Alkaloid des Fliegenpilzes (Agaricus Muscarius L.)''] 1869, Lipsia. ''Verlag Vogel''}} * {{ec|id=Erwins (1914)|c=Erwins A. J.: Acetylcholine, a new active principle of ergot. Biochemical Journal 1914, 8:44}} * {{ec|id=Dale (1914)|c=Dale H. H.: [https://archive.org/details/b30620946/mode/2up ''The action of certain esters and ethers of choline, and their relation to muscarine.] J. Pharmacacol. Exp. Ther.'' Mai 1914, 6: 147-90}} === Dementia effectibus contra acetylcholinum === * {{ec|id=Coupland et al. (2019)|c=Coupland C. A. C., Hill T., Dening T., Morriss R., Moore M., Hippisley-Cox J.: ''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31233095 Anticholinergic Drug Exposure and the Risk of Dementia: A Nested Case-Control Study]''. ''JAMA Internal medicine'' Iun 2019, 179(8):1084-93, [[doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.0677]]}} {{NexInt}} * [[Antagonista muscarinica]] * [[Systema excitans reticulare ascendens]] * [[Systema nervosum autonomicum]] == Nexus externi== *[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Acetylcholine acetylcholinum] spectant * [http://www.bbc.com/news/health-13880553 BBC: pericula seniorum medicamentis] [[Categoria:Neurotransmissores]] [[Categoria:Systema cholinergicum (acetylcholinum)|!]] 0mrosv8cxxgfiq76oipjadqvcw7dckm 3971831 3971830 2026-07-13T14:26:44Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3971831 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Acetylcholine.svg|thumb|upright=0.8|Forma [[molecula]]e acetylcholini.]] '''Acetylcholinum'''<ref>[https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/01.HYP.27.3.346 Fons nominis Latini acetylcholini, parte ''Materials'']</ref> sive '''acetylocholinum'''<ref>[https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WMP19620120050/O/M19620050.pdf Fons nominis Latini acetyl<u>o</u>cholini]</ref> (nota ACh) est [[substantia]] [[chemia organica|chemica organica]] cum effectu [[neurotransmissor|neurotransmissoris]] [[systema nervosum|systematis nervosi]] et [[systema nervosum centrale|centralis]] et [[systema nervosum periphericum|peripherici]]. Primus e neurotransmissoribus cognitus est. Eius [[nomen proprium|nomen]] ex structura chemica derivatur; [[ester]] enim ex [[acidum aceticum|acido acetico]] et [[cholinum|cholino]] est. == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Amanita muscaria UK.JPG|thumb|''[[Amanita muscaria]]'' [[muscarinum]] [[venenum]] format, quod in receptoria acetylcholini agit.]] [[Saeculum 19|Saeculi 19]] parte secunda effectus ''[[Amanita muscaria|Amanitae muscariae]]'' ([[fungus|fungi]]) in functionibus corporis physiologicis organorum descripti sunt<ref>{{qc|id=Schmiedeberg et Koppe (1869)}}.</ref>. Revera acetylcholini ipsius et nomen et significatio non prius annum 1914 ab Erwins proposita est<ref>{{qc|id=Erwins (1914)}}.</ref>, ut anno eodem ab Dale relatio inter muscarinum et functionem acetylcholini<ref>{{qc|id=Dale (1914)}}.</ref>. Acetylcolinum "''synthetic muscarine''" (muscarinum syntheticum) aestimatum est; uno tempore ad ''"nicotine" action'' (actionem nicotinicam) mentio facta est. Tum autem distinctio clara inter actiones et ''muscarinicas'' et ''nicotinicas'' ad id tempus incerta erat. == De natura chemica == Acetylcholinum, formula summarum {{chem|C|7|H|16|N|O|2}}, est [[substantia]] [[chemia organica|chemica organica]], [[molecula]] [[colinum|cholini]], quae [[ester]] cum [[grex acetyli|grege acetyli]] (ex [[acidum aceticum|acido acetico]] s. acido ethanoico) format. <gallery> Fasciculus:Cholin (chemical structure).svg|[[Cholinum]] Fasciculus:Acetyl group.svg|[[Grex acetylorum]] Fasciculus:Acetylcholin.svg|Acetylcholinum </gallery> == De systemate cholinergico == [[Fasciculus:Muskeln des weiblichenRumpfes von hinten.gif|thumb|In corporis peripheria acetylcholinum est mediator principalis motuum [[musculus|musculorum]] (transmissione ab nervo ad musculum)]] Systema cholinergicum est summa structurarum, quibus [[Synapsis chemica|synapses]] cholinergicae vel [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris|receptoria cholinergica]] insunt. * [[Synapsis chemica]] vocatur ''cholinergica'', si neurotransmissor eius est acetylcholinum, * [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris]] vocatur [[receptorium acetylcholini|''cholinergicum'']], si neurotransmissor eius est acetylcholinum. Inveniuntur in [[Systema nervosum|systemate nervorso]] mammalium et [[systema nervosum centralie|centrali]] et [[systema nervosum periphericum|peripherico]]. In corporis peripheria acetylcholinum est * mediator principalis motuum musculorum skeleti (transmissionis ab nervo ad musculum). Intra systema nervosum centrale greges tres transmissionis cholinergicae descripti sunt: * [[Neuron motorium|neurona motoria]], imprimis intra [[medulla spinalis|medullam spinalem]], * [[interneuron]]a intra [[striatum (cerebrum)|striatum]], [[cortex cerebri|corticem cerebri]], [[hippocampus (cerebrum)|hippocampus]], velut * [[neuron proiciens|neurona proicientia]] intra [[medullam spinalem]] et [[pars basalis telencephali|partis basalis telencephali]]. == De acetylcholini synthesi in neuronibus == In neuronibus [[Synapsis chemica|praesynapticis]] acetylcholinum ex [[acetylum-CoA|acetylo-CoA]] quod ad [[Cyclus acidi citrici|cyclum acidi citrici]] ex [[Glucosum|glucosi]] oxidatione intra cellulam nascitur ex una parte, et [[Cholinum|cholino]] quod in [[Plasma sanguineum|plasmate]] abundans per cotransportatorem Na+/cholinum intra cellulam attrahitur ex altera parte, per [[enzymum]] ''cholinum acetyltransferasis'' fabricatur. Cholinum cyclico modo redintegratur postquam aliud enzymum ''[[acetylcholesterasis]]'' in rima synaptica acetylcholinum rursus in cholinum et [[acetas|acetatem]] secuit. Acetylcholinum in extremo [[Axon|axone]] praesynaptico elaboratum intra [[Vesicula synaptica|vesiculas]] cumulatur (usque ad decem milia in unam vesiculam!) per [[Transportator neurotransmissoris|transportatorem]] VAChT qui [[Proton|protones]] ex vesicula (cuius pars interior [[acidum|acida]] est) acetylcholino permutat. Ita cum potentia actionis fit actylcholinum in rimam synapticam per [[Exocytosis|exocytosim]] emittitur. == De toxinis synapses cholinergicas turbantibus == [[Fasciculus:Synapse acetylcholine.png|thumb|Synapsis cholinergica.]] [[Organophosphas|Organophosphorata]], ut [[gas Sarinum]] dictum (inter [[arma chemica|tela chemica]] numeratum), acetylcholinesterasis actionem cohibent ita ut acetylcholinum in rima synaptica cumuletur et receptoria postsynaptica satiet; e quo fit musculorum [[paralysis]]. Quocirca organophosphorata in [[Insecticida|insecticidis]] frequenter adhibentur. Praeterea plantae et animalia ad vitam suam tuendam multas substantias venenosas elaborarunt quae iunctionem inter neurones et musculos adoriuntur. Ita [[nicotinum]] et [[Muscarinum|muscarinum]] a duobus receptoriorum acetylcholini typis ligantur et cellulam postsynapticam excitant adeo ut etiam nomina sua illis receptoriorum typis indiderint. Item apud [[Serpentes|serpentes]] venena α-bungarotoxinum ''[[Bungarus multicinctus|bungari multicincti]]'' et α-neurotoxinum generis ''[[Naja]]'' firmiter et diuturne a receptoriis nicotinicis acetycholini ligantur ita ut acetylcholinum excludant et praedam cohibeant. Quod etiam homines in [[America Australis|America Australi]] ad venandum imitati sunt sagittas toxinis inlinentes e [[chondrodendrum tormentosum|chondrodendro tormentoso]] extractis. Nonnulla [[mollusca]] (e.g. [[Conidae|conidae]]) et [[Rana|ranae]] similibus venenis utuntur. [[Receptorium acetylcholini muscarinicum|Receptoria muscarinica]] quoque [[Alcaloides|alcaloidibus]] acetylcholinae [[Antagonista|antagonistis]] obstrui possunt ut [[Atropinum|atropino]] ex ''[[Atropa belladonna]]'' aut [[scopolaminum|scopolamino]] ex ''[[Hyoscyamus|Hyoscyamo]]''. == Medicamenta anticholinergica == Non pauca medicamentorum effectus ''anticholinergicos'' ostendunt, i. e., quod effectus cholinergicos inhibent vel supprimunt. Demonstratum est imprimis in senectute usum medicamentorum cum effectibus anticholinergicis periculosum esse: periculum dementiae crescit<ref>{{qc|id=Coupland et al. (2019)}}</ref>. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == === Historia === * {{ec|id=Schmiedeberg et Koppe (1869)|c=Schmiedeberg O., Koppe R.: [https://books.google.de/books?id=8F0-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PP7&hl=de&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=2#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Das Muscarin. Das giftige Alkaloid des Fliegenpilzes (Agaricus Muscarius L.)''] 1869, Lipsia. ''Verlag Vogel''}} * {{ec|id=Erwins (1914)|c=Erwins A. J.: Acetylcholine, a new active principle of ergot. Biochemical Journal 1914, 8:44}} * {{ec|id=Dale (1914)|c=Dale H. H.: [https://archive.org/details/b30620946/mode/2up ''The action of certain esters and ethers of choline, and their relation to muscarine.] J. Pharmacacol. Exp. Ther.'' Mai 1914, 6: 147-90}} === Dementia effectibus contra acetylcholinum === * {{ec|id=Coupland et al. (2019)|c=Coupland C. A. C., Hill T., Dening T., Morriss R., Moore M., Hippisley-Cox J.: ''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31233095 Anticholinergic Drug Exposure and the Risk of Dementia: A Nested Case-Control Study]''. ''JAMA Internal medicine'' Iun 2019, 179(8):1084-93, [[doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.0677]]}} {{NexInt}} * [[Antagonista muscarinica]] * [[Systema excitans reticulare ascendens]] * [[Systema nervosum autonomicum]] == Nexus externi== *[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Acetylcholine acetylcholinum] spectant * [http://www.bbc.com/news/health-13880553 BBC: pericula seniorum medicamentis] [[Categoria:Neurotransmissores]] [[Categoria:Systema cholinergicum (acetylcholinum)|!]] 6bzion6gl96m9fwxvtagw6635f9oqyo 3971838 3971831 2026-07-13T15:13:49Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Dementia effectibus contra acetylcholinum */ 3971838 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Acetylcholine.svg|thumb|upright=0.8|Forma [[molecula]]e acetylcholini.]] '''Acetylcholinum'''<ref>[https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/01.HYP.27.3.346 Fons nominis Latini acetylcholini, parte ''Materials'']</ref> sive '''acetylocholinum'''<ref>[https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WMP19620120050/O/M19620050.pdf Fons nominis Latini acetyl<u>o</u>cholini]</ref> (nota ACh) est [[substantia]] [[chemia organica|chemica organica]] cum effectu [[neurotransmissor|neurotransmissoris]] [[systema nervosum|systematis nervosi]] et [[systema nervosum centrale|centralis]] et [[systema nervosum periphericum|peripherici]]. Primus e neurotransmissoribus cognitus est. Eius [[nomen proprium|nomen]] ex structura chemica derivatur; [[ester]] enim ex [[acidum aceticum|acido acetico]] et [[cholinum|cholino]] est. == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Amanita muscaria UK.JPG|thumb|''[[Amanita muscaria]]'' [[muscarinum]] [[venenum]] format, quod in receptoria acetylcholini agit.]] [[Saeculum 19|Saeculi 19]] parte secunda effectus ''[[Amanita muscaria|Amanitae muscariae]]'' ([[fungus|fungi]]) in functionibus corporis physiologicis organorum descripti sunt<ref>{{qc|id=Schmiedeberg et Koppe (1869)}}.</ref>. Revera acetylcholini ipsius et nomen et significatio non prius annum 1914 ab Erwins proposita est<ref>{{qc|id=Erwins (1914)}}.</ref>, ut anno eodem ab Dale relatio inter muscarinum et functionem acetylcholini<ref>{{qc|id=Dale (1914)}}.</ref>. Acetylcolinum "''synthetic muscarine''" (muscarinum syntheticum) aestimatum est; uno tempore ad ''"nicotine" action'' (actionem nicotinicam) mentio facta est. Tum autem distinctio clara inter actiones et ''muscarinicas'' et ''nicotinicas'' ad id tempus incerta erat. == De natura chemica == Acetylcholinum, formula summarum {{chem|C|7|H|16|N|O|2}}, est [[substantia]] [[chemia organica|chemica organica]], [[molecula]] [[colinum|cholini]], quae [[ester]] cum [[grex acetyli|grege acetyli]] (ex [[acidum aceticum|acido acetico]] s. acido ethanoico) format. <gallery> Fasciculus:Cholin (chemical structure).svg|[[Cholinum]] Fasciculus:Acetyl group.svg|[[Grex acetylorum]] Fasciculus:Acetylcholin.svg|Acetylcholinum </gallery> == De systemate cholinergico == [[Fasciculus:Muskeln des weiblichenRumpfes von hinten.gif|thumb|In corporis peripheria acetylcholinum est mediator principalis motuum [[musculus|musculorum]] (transmissione ab nervo ad musculum)]] Systema cholinergicum est summa structurarum, quibus [[Synapsis chemica|synapses]] cholinergicae vel [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris|receptoria cholinergica]] insunt. * [[Synapsis chemica]] vocatur ''cholinergica'', si neurotransmissor eius est acetylcholinum, * [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris]] vocatur [[receptorium acetylcholini|''cholinergicum'']], si neurotransmissor eius est acetylcholinum. Inveniuntur in [[Systema nervosum|systemate nervorso]] mammalium et [[systema nervosum centralie|centrali]] et [[systema nervosum periphericum|peripherico]]. In corporis peripheria acetylcholinum est * mediator principalis motuum musculorum skeleti (transmissionis ab nervo ad musculum). Intra systema nervosum centrale greges tres transmissionis cholinergicae descripti sunt: * [[Neuron motorium|neurona motoria]], imprimis intra [[medulla spinalis|medullam spinalem]], * [[interneuron]]a intra [[striatum (cerebrum)|striatum]], [[cortex cerebri|corticem cerebri]], [[hippocampus (cerebrum)|hippocampus]], velut * [[neuron proiciens|neurona proicientia]] intra [[medullam spinalem]] et [[pars basalis telencephali|partis basalis telencephali]]. == De acetylcholini synthesi in neuronibus == In neuronibus [[Synapsis chemica|praesynapticis]] acetylcholinum ex [[acetylum-CoA|acetylo-CoA]] quod ad [[Cyclus acidi citrici|cyclum acidi citrici]] ex [[Glucosum|glucosi]] oxidatione intra cellulam nascitur ex una parte, et [[Cholinum|cholino]] quod in [[Plasma sanguineum|plasmate]] abundans per cotransportatorem Na+/cholinum intra cellulam attrahitur ex altera parte, per [[enzymum]] ''cholinum acetyltransferasis'' fabricatur. Cholinum cyclico modo redintegratur postquam aliud enzymum ''[[acetylcholesterasis]]'' in rima synaptica acetylcholinum rursus in cholinum et [[acetas|acetatem]] secuit. Acetylcholinum in extremo [[Axon|axone]] praesynaptico elaboratum intra [[Vesicula synaptica|vesiculas]] cumulatur (usque ad decem milia in unam vesiculam!) per [[Transportator neurotransmissoris|transportatorem]] VAChT qui [[Proton|protones]] ex vesicula (cuius pars interior [[acidum|acida]] est) acetylcholino permutat. Ita cum potentia actionis fit actylcholinum in rimam synapticam per [[Exocytosis|exocytosim]] emittitur. == De toxinis synapses cholinergicas turbantibus == [[Fasciculus:Synapse acetylcholine.png|thumb|Synapsis cholinergica.]] [[Organophosphas|Organophosphorata]], ut [[gas Sarinum]] dictum (inter [[arma chemica|tela chemica]] numeratum), acetylcholinesterasis actionem cohibent ita ut acetylcholinum in rima synaptica cumuletur et receptoria postsynaptica satiet; e quo fit musculorum [[paralysis]]. Quocirca organophosphorata in [[Insecticida|insecticidis]] frequenter adhibentur. Praeterea plantae et animalia ad vitam suam tuendam multas substantias venenosas elaborarunt quae iunctionem inter neurones et musculos adoriuntur. Ita [[nicotinum]] et [[Muscarinum|muscarinum]] a duobus receptoriorum acetylcholini typis ligantur et cellulam postsynapticam excitant adeo ut etiam nomina sua illis receptoriorum typis indiderint. Item apud [[Serpentes|serpentes]] venena α-bungarotoxinum ''[[Bungarus multicinctus|bungari multicincti]]'' et α-neurotoxinum generis ''[[Naja]]'' firmiter et diuturne a receptoriis nicotinicis acetycholini ligantur ita ut acetylcholinum excludant et praedam cohibeant. Quod etiam homines in [[America Australis|America Australi]] ad venandum imitati sunt sagittas toxinis inlinentes e [[chondrodendrum tormentosum|chondrodendro tormentoso]] extractis. Nonnulla [[mollusca]] (e.g. [[Conidae|conidae]]) et [[Rana|ranae]] similibus venenis utuntur. [[Receptorium acetylcholini muscarinicum|Receptoria muscarinica]] quoque [[Alcaloides|alcaloidibus]] acetylcholinae [[Antagonista|antagonistis]] obstrui possunt ut [[Atropinum|atropino]] ex ''[[Atropa belladonna]]'' aut [[scopolaminum|scopolamino]] ex ''[[Hyoscyamus|Hyoscyamo]]''. == Medicamenta anticholinergica == Non pauca medicamentorum effectus ''anticholinergicos'' ostendunt, i. e., quod effectus cholinergicos inhibent vel supprimunt. Demonstratum est imprimis in senectute usum medicamentorum cum effectibus anticholinergicis periculosum esse: periculum dementiae crescit<ref>{{qc|id=Coupland et al. (2019)}}</ref>. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == === Historia === * {{ec|id=Schmiedeberg et Koppe (1869)|c=Schmiedeberg O., Koppe R.: [https://books.google.de/books?id=8F0-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PP7&hl=de&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=2#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Das Muscarin. Das giftige Alkaloid des Fliegenpilzes (Agaricus Muscarius L.)''] 1869, Lipsia. ''Verlag Vogel''}} * {{ec|id=Erwins (1914)|c=Erwins A. J.: Acetylcholine, a new active principle of ergot. Biochemical Journal 1914, 8:44}} * {{ec|id=Dale (1914)|c=Dale H. H.: [https://archive.org/details/b30620946/mode/2up ''The action of certain esters and ethers of choline, and their relation to muscarine.] J. Pharmacacol. Exp. Ther.'' Mai 1914, 6: 147-90}} === Dementia effectibus contra acetylcholinum === * {{ec|id=Coupland et al. (2019)|c=Coupland C. A. C., Hill T., Dening T., Morriss R., Moore M., Hippisley-Cox J.: ''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31233095 Anticholinergic Drug Exposure and the Risk of Dementia: A Nested Case-Control Study]''. ''JAMA Internal medicine'' Iun 2019, 179(8):1084-93, [[doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.0677]]}} {{NexInt}} * [[Antagonista muscarinicus]] * [[Systema excitans reticulare ascendens]] * [[Systema nervosum autonomicum]] == Nexus externi== *[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Acetylcholine acetylcholinum] spectant * [http://www.bbc.com/news/health-13880553 BBC: pericula seniorum medicamentis] [[Categoria:Neurotransmissores]] [[Categoria:Systema cholinergicum (acetylcholinum)|!]] g1loh2t0rhn8hrlgjwbeb2dm0cchu7w 3971856 3971838 2026-07-13T16:34:38Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De toxinis synapses cholinergicas turbantibus */ 3971856 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Acetylcholine.svg|thumb|upright=0.8|Forma [[molecula]]e acetylcholini.]] '''Acetylcholinum'''<ref>[https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/01.HYP.27.3.346 Fons nominis Latini acetylcholini, parte ''Materials'']</ref> sive '''acetylocholinum'''<ref>[https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WMP19620120050/O/M19620050.pdf Fons nominis Latini acetyl<u>o</u>cholini]</ref> (nota ACh) est [[substantia]] [[chemia organica|chemica organica]] cum effectu [[neurotransmissor|neurotransmissoris]] [[systema nervosum|systematis nervosi]] et [[systema nervosum centrale|centralis]] et [[systema nervosum periphericum|peripherici]]. Primus e neurotransmissoribus cognitus est. Eius [[nomen proprium|nomen]] ex structura chemica derivatur; [[ester]] enim ex [[acidum aceticum|acido acetico]] et [[cholinum|cholino]] est. == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Amanita muscaria UK.JPG|thumb|''[[Amanita muscaria]]'' [[muscarinum]] [[venenum]] format, quod in receptoria acetylcholini agit.]] [[Saeculum 19|Saeculi 19]] parte secunda effectus ''[[Amanita muscaria|Amanitae muscariae]]'' ([[fungus|fungi]]) in functionibus corporis physiologicis organorum descripti sunt<ref>{{qc|id=Schmiedeberg et Koppe (1869)}}.</ref>. Revera acetylcholini ipsius et nomen et significatio non prius annum 1914 ab Erwins proposita est<ref>{{qc|id=Erwins (1914)}}.</ref>, ut anno eodem ab Dale relatio inter muscarinum et functionem acetylcholini<ref>{{qc|id=Dale (1914)}}.</ref>. Acetylcolinum "''synthetic muscarine''" (muscarinum syntheticum) aestimatum est; uno tempore ad ''"nicotine" action'' (actionem nicotinicam) mentio facta est. Tum autem distinctio clara inter actiones et ''muscarinicas'' et ''nicotinicas'' ad id tempus incerta erat. == De natura chemica == Acetylcholinum, formula summarum {{chem|C|7|H|16|N|O|2}}, est [[substantia]] [[chemia organica|chemica organica]], [[molecula]] [[colinum|cholini]], quae [[ester]] cum [[grex acetyli|grege acetyli]] (ex [[acidum aceticum|acido acetico]] s. acido ethanoico) format. <gallery> Fasciculus:Cholin (chemical structure).svg|[[Cholinum]] Fasciculus:Acetyl group.svg|[[Grex acetylorum]] Fasciculus:Acetylcholin.svg|Acetylcholinum </gallery> == De systemate cholinergico == [[Fasciculus:Muskeln des weiblichenRumpfes von hinten.gif|thumb|In corporis peripheria acetylcholinum est mediator principalis motuum [[musculus|musculorum]] (transmissione ab nervo ad musculum)]] Systema cholinergicum est summa structurarum, quibus [[Synapsis chemica|synapses]] cholinergicae vel [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris|receptoria cholinergica]] insunt. * [[Synapsis chemica]] vocatur ''cholinergica'', si neurotransmissor eius est acetylcholinum, * [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris]] vocatur [[receptorium acetylcholini|''cholinergicum'']], si neurotransmissor eius est acetylcholinum. Inveniuntur in [[Systema nervosum|systemate nervorso]] mammalium et [[systema nervosum centralie|centrali]] et [[systema nervosum periphericum|peripherico]]. In corporis peripheria acetylcholinum est * mediator principalis motuum musculorum skeleti (transmissionis ab nervo ad musculum). Intra systema nervosum centrale greges tres transmissionis cholinergicae descripti sunt: * [[Neuron motorium|neurona motoria]], imprimis intra [[medulla spinalis|medullam spinalem]], * [[interneuron]]a intra [[striatum (cerebrum)|striatum]], [[cortex cerebri|corticem cerebri]], [[hippocampus (cerebrum)|hippocampus]], velut * [[neuron proiciens|neurona proicientia]] intra [[medullam spinalem]] et [[pars basalis telencephali|partis basalis telencephali]]. == De acetylcholini synthesi in neuronibus == In neuronibus [[Synapsis chemica|praesynapticis]] acetylcholinum ex [[acetylum-CoA|acetylo-CoA]] quod ad [[Cyclus acidi citrici|cyclum acidi citrici]] ex [[Glucosum|glucosi]] oxidatione intra cellulam nascitur ex una parte, et [[Cholinum|cholino]] quod in [[Plasma sanguineum|plasmate]] abundans per cotransportatorem Na+/cholinum intra cellulam attrahitur ex altera parte, per [[enzymum]] ''cholinum acetyltransferasis'' fabricatur. Cholinum cyclico modo redintegratur postquam aliud enzymum ''[[acetylcholesterasis]]'' in rima synaptica acetylcholinum rursus in cholinum et [[acetas|acetatem]] secuit. Acetylcholinum in extremo [[Axon|axone]] praesynaptico elaboratum intra [[Vesicula synaptica|vesiculas]] cumulatur (usque ad decem milia in unam vesiculam!) per [[Transportator neurotransmissoris|transportatorem]] VAChT qui [[Proton|protones]] ex vesicula (cuius pars interior [[acidum|acida]] est) acetylcholino permutat. Ita cum potentia actionis fit actylcholinum in rimam synapticam per [[Exocytosis|exocytosim]] emittitur. == De toxinis synapses cholinergicas turbantibus == [[Fasciculus:Synapse acetylcholine.png|thumb|Synapsis cholinergica.]] [[Organophosphas|Organophosphorata]], ut [[gas Sarinum]] dictum (inter [[arma chemica|tela chemica]] numeratum), acetylcholinesterasis actionem cohibent ita ut acetylcholinum in rima synaptica cumuletur et receptoria postsynaptica satiet; e quo fit musculorum [[paralysis]]. Quocirca organophosphorata in [[Insecticida|insecticidis]] frequenter adhibentur. Praeterea plantae et animalia ad vitam suam tuendam multas substantias venenosas elaborarunt quae iunctionem inter neurones et musculos adoriuntur. Ita [[nicotinum]] et [[Muscarinum|muscarinum]] a duobus receptoriorum acetylcholini typis ligantur et cellulam postsynapticam excitant adeo ut etiam nomina sua illis receptoriorum typis indiderint. Item apud [[Serpentes|serpentes]] venena α-bungarotoxinum ''[[Bungarus multicinctus|bungari multicincti]]'' et α-neurotoxinum generis ''[[Naja]]'' firmiter et diuturne a receptoriis nicotinicis acetycholini ligantur ita ut acetylcholinum excludant et praedam motu privant. Quod etiam homines in [[America Australis|America Australi]] ad venandum imitati sunt sagittas toxinis inlinentes e [[chondrodendrum tormentosum|chondrodendro tormentoso]] extractis. Nonnulla [[mollusca]] (e.g. [[Conidae|conidae]]) et [[Rana|ranae]] similibus venenis utuntur. [[Receptorium acetylcholini muscarinicum|Receptoria muscarinica]] quoque [[Alcaloides|alcaloidibus]] acetylcholinae [[Antagonista|antagonistis]] obstrui possunt ut [[Atropinum|atropino]] ex ''[[Atropa belladonna]]'' aut [[scopolaminum|scopolamino]] ex ''[[Hyoscyamus|Hyoscyamo]]''. == Medicamenta anticholinergica == Non pauca medicamentorum effectus ''anticholinergicos'' ostendunt, i. e., quod effectus cholinergicos inhibent vel supprimunt. Demonstratum est imprimis in senectute usum medicamentorum cum effectibus anticholinergicis periculosum esse: periculum dementiae crescit<ref>{{qc|id=Coupland et al. (2019)}}</ref>. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == === Historia === * {{ec|id=Schmiedeberg et Koppe (1869)|c=Schmiedeberg O., Koppe R.: [https://books.google.de/books?id=8F0-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PP7&hl=de&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=2#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Das Muscarin. Das giftige Alkaloid des Fliegenpilzes (Agaricus Muscarius L.)''] 1869, Lipsia. ''Verlag Vogel''}} * {{ec|id=Erwins (1914)|c=Erwins A. J.: Acetylcholine, a new active principle of ergot. Biochemical Journal 1914, 8:44}} * {{ec|id=Dale (1914)|c=Dale H. H.: [https://archive.org/details/b30620946/mode/2up ''The action of certain esters and ethers of choline, and their relation to muscarine.] J. Pharmacacol. Exp. Ther.'' Mai 1914, 6: 147-90}} === Dementia effectibus contra acetylcholinum === * {{ec|id=Coupland et al. (2019)|c=Coupland C. A. C., Hill T., Dening T., Morriss R., Moore M., Hippisley-Cox J.: ''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31233095 Anticholinergic Drug Exposure and the Risk of Dementia: A Nested Case-Control Study]''. ''JAMA Internal medicine'' Iun 2019, 179(8):1084-93, [[doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.0677]]}} {{NexInt}} * [[Antagonista muscarinicus]] * [[Systema excitans reticulare ascendens]] * [[Systema nervosum autonomicum]] == Nexus externi== *[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Acetylcholine acetylcholinum] spectant * [http://www.bbc.com/news/health-13880553 BBC: pericula seniorum medicamentis] [[Categoria:Neurotransmissores]] [[Categoria:Systema cholinergicum (acetylcholinum)|!]] oh8ew74zvr0a2ifyjm6vcos5bq9i4mh 3971858 3971856 2026-07-13T16:37:30Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De natura chemica */ 3971858 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Acetylcholine.svg|thumb|upright=0.8|Forma [[molecula]]e acetylcholini.]] '''Acetylcholinum'''<ref>[https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/01.HYP.27.3.346 Fons nominis Latini acetylcholini, parte ''Materials'']</ref> sive '''acetylocholinum'''<ref>[https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WMP19620120050/O/M19620050.pdf Fons nominis Latini acetyl<u>o</u>cholini]</ref> (nota ACh) est [[substantia]] [[chemia organica|chemica organica]] cum effectu [[neurotransmissor|neurotransmissoris]] [[systema nervosum|systematis nervosi]] et [[systema nervosum centrale|centralis]] et [[systema nervosum periphericum|peripherici]]. Primus e neurotransmissoribus cognitus est. Eius [[nomen proprium|nomen]] ex structura chemica derivatur; [[ester]] enim ex [[acidum aceticum|acido acetico]] et [[cholinum|cholino]] est. == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Amanita muscaria UK.JPG|thumb|''[[Amanita muscaria]]'' [[muscarinum]] [[venenum]] format, quod in receptoria acetylcholini agit.]] [[Saeculum 19|Saeculi 19]] parte secunda effectus ''[[Amanita muscaria|Amanitae muscariae]]'' ([[fungus|fungi]]) in functionibus corporis physiologicis organorum descripti sunt<ref>{{qc|id=Schmiedeberg et Koppe (1869)}}.</ref>. Revera acetylcholini ipsius et nomen et significatio non prius annum 1914 ab Erwins proposita est<ref>{{qc|id=Erwins (1914)}}.</ref>, ut anno eodem ab Dale relatio inter muscarinum et functionem acetylcholini<ref>{{qc|id=Dale (1914)}}.</ref>. Acetylcolinum "''synthetic muscarine''" (muscarinum syntheticum) aestimatum est; uno tempore ad ''"nicotine" action'' (actionem nicotinicam) mentio facta est. Tum autem distinctio clara inter actiones et ''muscarinicas'' et ''nicotinicas'' ad id tempus incerta erat. == De natura chemica == Acetylcholinum, formula summarum {{chem|C|7|H|16|N|O|2}}, est [[substantia]] [[chemia organica|chemica organica]], [[molecula]] [[colinum|cholini]], quae [[ester]] cum [[grex acetyli|grege acetyli]] (ex [[acidum aceticum|acido acetico]] sc. acido ethanoïco) format. <gallery> Fasciculus:Cholin (chemical structure).svg|[[Cholinum]] Fasciculus:Acetyl group.svg|[[Grex acetylorum]] Fasciculus:Acetylcholin.svg|Acetylcholinum </gallery> == De systemate cholinergico == [[Fasciculus:Muskeln des weiblichenRumpfes von hinten.gif|thumb|In corporis peripheria acetylcholinum est mediator principalis motuum [[musculus|musculorum]] (transmissione ab nervo ad musculum)]] Systema cholinergicum est summa structurarum, quibus [[Synapsis chemica|synapses]] cholinergicae vel [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris|receptoria cholinergica]] insunt. * [[Synapsis chemica]] vocatur ''cholinergica'', si neurotransmissor eius est acetylcholinum, * [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris]] vocatur [[receptorium acetylcholini|''cholinergicum'']], si neurotransmissor eius est acetylcholinum. Inveniuntur in [[Systema nervosum|systemate nervorso]] mammalium et [[systema nervosum centralie|centrali]] et [[systema nervosum periphericum|peripherico]]. In corporis peripheria acetylcholinum est * mediator principalis motuum musculorum skeleti (transmissionis ab nervo ad musculum). Intra systema nervosum centrale greges tres transmissionis cholinergicae descripti sunt: * [[Neuron motorium|neurona motoria]], imprimis intra [[medulla spinalis|medullam spinalem]], * [[interneuron]]a intra [[striatum (cerebrum)|striatum]], [[cortex cerebri|corticem cerebri]], [[hippocampus (cerebrum)|hippocampus]], velut * [[neuron proiciens|neurona proicientia]] intra [[medullam spinalem]] et [[pars basalis telencephali|partis basalis telencephali]]. == De acetylcholini synthesi in neuronibus == In neuronibus [[Synapsis chemica|praesynapticis]] acetylcholinum ex [[acetylum-CoA|acetylo-CoA]] quod ad [[Cyclus acidi citrici|cyclum acidi citrici]] ex [[Glucosum|glucosi]] oxidatione intra cellulam nascitur ex una parte, et [[Cholinum|cholino]] quod in [[Plasma sanguineum|plasmate]] abundans per cotransportatorem Na+/cholinum intra cellulam attrahitur ex altera parte, per [[enzymum]] ''cholinum acetyltransferasis'' fabricatur. Cholinum cyclico modo redintegratur postquam aliud enzymum ''[[acetylcholesterasis]]'' in rima synaptica acetylcholinum rursus in cholinum et [[acetas|acetatem]] secuit. Acetylcholinum in extremo [[Axon|axone]] praesynaptico elaboratum intra [[Vesicula synaptica|vesiculas]] cumulatur (usque ad decem milia in unam vesiculam!) per [[Transportator neurotransmissoris|transportatorem]] VAChT qui [[Proton|protones]] ex vesicula (cuius pars interior [[acidum|acida]] est) acetylcholino permutat. Ita cum potentia actionis fit actylcholinum in rimam synapticam per [[Exocytosis|exocytosim]] emittitur. == De toxinis synapses cholinergicas turbantibus == [[Fasciculus:Synapse acetylcholine.png|thumb|Synapsis cholinergica.]] [[Organophosphas|Organophosphorata]], ut [[gas Sarinum]] dictum (inter [[arma chemica|tela chemica]] numeratum), acetylcholinesterasis actionem cohibent ita ut acetylcholinum in rima synaptica cumuletur et receptoria postsynaptica satiet; e quo fit musculorum [[paralysis]]. Quocirca organophosphorata in [[Insecticida|insecticidis]] frequenter adhibentur. Praeterea plantae et animalia ad vitam suam tuendam multas substantias venenosas elaborarunt quae iunctionem inter neurones et musculos adoriuntur. Ita [[nicotinum]] et [[Muscarinum|muscarinum]] a duobus receptoriorum acetylcholini typis ligantur et cellulam postsynapticam excitant adeo ut etiam nomina sua illis receptoriorum typis indiderint. Item apud [[Serpentes|serpentes]] venena α-bungarotoxinum ''[[Bungarus multicinctus|bungari multicincti]]'' et α-neurotoxinum generis ''[[Naja]]'' firmiter et diuturne a receptoriis nicotinicis acetycholini ligantur ita ut acetylcholinum excludant et praedam motu privant. Quod etiam homines in [[America Australis|America Australi]] ad venandum imitati sunt sagittas toxinis inlinentes e [[chondrodendrum tormentosum|chondrodendro tormentoso]] extractis. Nonnulla [[mollusca]] (e.g. [[Conidae|conidae]]) et [[Rana|ranae]] similibus venenis utuntur. [[Receptorium acetylcholini muscarinicum|Receptoria muscarinica]] quoque [[Alcaloides|alcaloidibus]] acetylcholinae [[Antagonista|antagonistis]] obstrui possunt ut [[Atropinum|atropino]] ex ''[[Atropa belladonna]]'' aut [[scopolaminum|scopolamino]] ex ''[[Hyoscyamus|Hyoscyamo]]''. == Medicamenta anticholinergica == Non pauca medicamentorum effectus ''anticholinergicos'' ostendunt, i. e., quod effectus cholinergicos inhibent vel supprimunt. Demonstratum est imprimis in senectute usum medicamentorum cum effectibus anticholinergicis periculosum esse: periculum dementiae crescit<ref>{{qc|id=Coupland et al. (2019)}}</ref>. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == === Historia === * {{ec|id=Schmiedeberg et Koppe (1869)|c=Schmiedeberg O., Koppe R.: [https://books.google.de/books?id=8F0-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PP7&hl=de&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=2#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Das Muscarin. Das giftige Alkaloid des Fliegenpilzes (Agaricus Muscarius L.)''] 1869, Lipsia. ''Verlag Vogel''}} * {{ec|id=Erwins (1914)|c=Erwins A. J.: Acetylcholine, a new active principle of ergot. Biochemical Journal 1914, 8:44}} * {{ec|id=Dale (1914)|c=Dale H. H.: [https://archive.org/details/b30620946/mode/2up ''The action of certain esters and ethers of choline, and their relation to muscarine.] J. Pharmacacol. Exp. Ther.'' Mai 1914, 6: 147-90}} === Dementia effectibus contra acetylcholinum === * {{ec|id=Coupland et al. (2019)|c=Coupland C. A. C., Hill T., Dening T., Morriss R., Moore M., Hippisley-Cox J.: ''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31233095 Anticholinergic Drug Exposure and the Risk of Dementia: A Nested Case-Control Study]''. ''JAMA Internal medicine'' Iun 2019, 179(8):1084-93, [[doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.0677]]}} {{NexInt}} * [[Antagonista muscarinicus]] * [[Systema excitans reticulare ascendens]] * [[Systema nervosum autonomicum]] == Nexus externi== *[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Acetylcholine acetylcholinum] spectant * [http://www.bbc.com/news/health-13880553 BBC: pericula seniorum medicamentis] [[Categoria:Neurotransmissores]] [[Categoria:Systema cholinergicum (acetylcholinum)|!]] ihk9irj4g4iryxz2bp9h90p95rh8t9g 3971865 3971858 2026-07-13T18:50:39Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De systemate cholinergico */ 3971865 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Acetylcholine.svg|thumb|upright=0.8|Forma [[molecula]]e acetylcholini.]] '''Acetylcholinum'''<ref>[https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/01.HYP.27.3.346 Fons nominis Latini acetylcholini, parte ''Materials'']</ref> sive '''acetylocholinum'''<ref>[https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WMP19620120050/O/M19620050.pdf Fons nominis Latini acetyl<u>o</u>cholini]</ref> (nota ACh) est [[substantia]] [[chemia organica|chemica organica]] cum effectu [[neurotransmissor|neurotransmissoris]] [[systema nervosum|systematis nervosi]] et [[systema nervosum centrale|centralis]] et [[systema nervosum periphericum|peripherici]]. Primus e neurotransmissoribus cognitus est. Eius [[nomen proprium|nomen]] ex structura chemica derivatur; [[ester]] enim ex [[acidum aceticum|acido acetico]] et [[cholinum|cholino]] est. == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Amanita muscaria UK.JPG|thumb|''[[Amanita muscaria]]'' [[muscarinum]] [[venenum]] format, quod in receptoria acetylcholini agit.]] [[Saeculum 19|Saeculi 19]] parte secunda effectus ''[[Amanita muscaria|Amanitae muscariae]]'' ([[fungus|fungi]]) in functionibus corporis physiologicis organorum descripti sunt<ref>{{qc|id=Schmiedeberg et Koppe (1869)}}.</ref>. Revera acetylcholini ipsius et nomen et significatio non prius annum 1914 ab Erwins proposita est<ref>{{qc|id=Erwins (1914)}}.</ref>, ut anno eodem ab Dale relatio inter muscarinum et functionem acetylcholini<ref>{{qc|id=Dale (1914)}}.</ref>. Acetylcolinum "''synthetic muscarine''" (muscarinum syntheticum) aestimatum est; uno tempore ad ''"nicotine" action'' (actionem nicotinicam) mentio facta est. Tum autem distinctio clara inter actiones et ''muscarinicas'' et ''nicotinicas'' ad id tempus incerta erat. == De natura chemica == Acetylcholinum, formula summarum {{chem|C|7|H|16|N|O|2}}, est [[substantia]] [[chemia organica|chemica organica]], [[molecula]] [[colinum|cholini]], quae [[ester]] cum [[grex acetyli|grege acetyli]] (ex [[acidum aceticum|acido acetico]] sc. acido ethanoïco) format. <gallery> Fasciculus:Cholin (chemical structure).svg|[[Cholinum]] Fasciculus:Acetyl group.svg|[[Grex acetylorum]] Fasciculus:Acetylcholin.svg|Acetylcholinum </gallery> == De systemate cholinergico == [[Fasciculus:Muskeln des weiblichenRumpfes von hinten.gif|thumb|In corporis peripheria acetylcholinum est mediator principalis motuum [[musculus|musculorum]] (transmissione ab nervo ad musculum)]] Systema cholinergicum est summa structurarum, quibus [[Synapsis chemica|synapses]] cholinergicae vel [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris|receptoria cholinergica]] insunt. * [[Synapsis chemica]] vocatur ''cholinergica'', si neurotransmissor eius est acetylcholinum, * [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris]] vocatur [[receptorium acetylcholini|''cholinergicum'']], si neurotransmissor eius est acetylcholinum. Inveniuntur in [[Systema nervosum|systemate nervorso]] mammalium et [[systema nervosum centralie|centrali]] et [[systema nervosum periphericum|peripherico]]. In corporis peripheria acetylcholinum est * mediator principalis motuum musculorum [[Sceletus|skeleti]] (transmissionis ab nervo ad musculum). Intra systema nervosum centrale greges tres transmissionis cholinergicae descripti sunt: * [[Neuron motorium|neurona motoria]], imprimis intra [[medulla spinalis|medullam spinalem]], * [[interneuron]]a intra [[striatum (cerebrum)|striatum]], [[cortex cerebri|corticem cerebri]], [[hippocampus (cerebrum)|hippocampus]], velut * [[neuron proiciens|neurona proicientia]] intra [[medullam spinalem]] et [[pars basalis telencephali|partis basalis telencephali]]. == De acetylcholini synthesi in neuronibus == In neuronibus [[Synapsis chemica|praesynapticis]] acetylcholinum ex [[acetylum-CoA|acetylo-CoA]] quod ad [[Cyclus acidi citrici|cyclum acidi citrici]] ex [[Glucosum|glucosi]] oxidatione intra cellulam nascitur ex una parte, et [[Cholinum|cholino]] quod in [[Plasma sanguineum|plasmate]] abundans per cotransportatorem Na+/cholinum intra cellulam attrahitur ex altera parte, per [[enzymum]] ''cholinum acetyltransferasis'' fabricatur. Cholinum cyclico modo redintegratur postquam aliud enzymum ''[[acetylcholesterasis]]'' in rima synaptica acetylcholinum rursus in cholinum et [[acetas|acetatem]] secuit. Acetylcholinum in extremo [[Axon|axone]] praesynaptico elaboratum intra [[Vesicula synaptica|vesiculas]] cumulatur (usque ad decem milia in unam vesiculam!) per [[Transportator neurotransmissoris|transportatorem]] VAChT qui [[Proton|protones]] ex vesicula (cuius pars interior [[acidum|acida]] est) acetylcholino permutat. Ita cum potentia actionis fit actylcholinum in rimam synapticam per [[Exocytosis|exocytosim]] emittitur. == De toxinis synapses cholinergicas turbantibus == [[Fasciculus:Synapse acetylcholine.png|thumb|Synapsis cholinergica.]] [[Organophosphas|Organophosphorata]], ut [[gas Sarinum]] dictum (inter [[arma chemica|tela chemica]] numeratum), acetylcholinesterasis actionem cohibent ita ut acetylcholinum in rima synaptica cumuletur et receptoria postsynaptica satiet; e quo fit musculorum [[paralysis]]. Quocirca organophosphorata in [[Insecticida|insecticidis]] frequenter adhibentur. Praeterea plantae et animalia ad vitam suam tuendam multas substantias venenosas elaborarunt quae iunctionem inter neurones et musculos adoriuntur. Ita [[nicotinum]] et [[Muscarinum|muscarinum]] a duobus receptoriorum acetylcholini typis ligantur et cellulam postsynapticam excitant adeo ut etiam nomina sua illis receptoriorum typis indiderint. Item apud [[Serpentes|serpentes]] venena α-bungarotoxinum ''[[Bungarus multicinctus|bungari multicincti]]'' et α-neurotoxinum generis ''[[Naja]]'' firmiter et diuturne a receptoriis nicotinicis acetycholini ligantur ita ut acetylcholinum excludant et praedam motu privant. Quod etiam homines in [[America Australis|America Australi]] ad venandum imitati sunt sagittas toxinis inlinentes e [[chondrodendrum tormentosum|chondrodendro tormentoso]] extractis. Nonnulla [[mollusca]] (e.g. [[Conidae|conidae]]) et [[Rana|ranae]] similibus venenis utuntur. [[Receptorium acetylcholini muscarinicum|Receptoria muscarinica]] quoque [[Alcaloides|alcaloidibus]] acetylcholinae [[Antagonista|antagonistis]] obstrui possunt ut [[Atropinum|atropino]] ex ''[[Atropa belladonna]]'' aut [[scopolaminum|scopolamino]] ex ''[[Hyoscyamus|Hyoscyamo]]''. == Medicamenta anticholinergica == Non pauca medicamentorum effectus ''anticholinergicos'' ostendunt, i. e., quod effectus cholinergicos inhibent vel supprimunt. Demonstratum est imprimis in senectute usum medicamentorum cum effectibus anticholinergicis periculosum esse: periculum dementiae crescit<ref>{{qc|id=Coupland et al. (2019)}}</ref>. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == === Historia === * {{ec|id=Schmiedeberg et Koppe (1869)|c=Schmiedeberg O., Koppe R.: [https://books.google.de/books?id=8F0-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PP7&hl=de&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=2#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Das Muscarin. Das giftige Alkaloid des Fliegenpilzes (Agaricus Muscarius L.)''] 1869, Lipsia. ''Verlag Vogel''}} * {{ec|id=Erwins (1914)|c=Erwins A. J.: Acetylcholine, a new active principle of ergot. Biochemical Journal 1914, 8:44}} * {{ec|id=Dale (1914)|c=Dale H. H.: [https://archive.org/details/b30620946/mode/2up ''The action of certain esters and ethers of choline, and their relation to muscarine.] J. Pharmacacol. Exp. Ther.'' Mai 1914, 6: 147-90}} === Dementia effectibus contra acetylcholinum === * {{ec|id=Coupland et al. (2019)|c=Coupland C. A. C., Hill T., Dening T., Morriss R., Moore M., Hippisley-Cox J.: ''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31233095 Anticholinergic Drug Exposure and the Risk of Dementia: A Nested Case-Control Study]''. ''JAMA Internal medicine'' Iun 2019, 179(8):1084-93, [[doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.0677]]}} {{NexInt}} * [[Antagonista muscarinicus]] * [[Systema excitans reticulare ascendens]] * [[Systema nervosum autonomicum]] == Nexus externi== *[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Acetylcholine acetylcholinum] spectant * [http://www.bbc.com/news/health-13880553 BBC: pericula seniorum medicamentis] [[Categoria:Neurotransmissores]] [[Categoria:Systema cholinergicum (acetylcholinum)|!]] gng38yslxgseehdp0196j5dqgcbnxfp 0 275736 3971878 3965677 2026-07-13T21:15:04Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3971878 wikitext text/x-wiki [[file:Gerhard Gundermann.jpg|thumb|Gerardus Gundermann, cantor Germanus anno 1994]] '''Gerardus Rogerius (vere: ''Gerhard Rüdiger'') Gundermann''' (natus die [[21 Februarii]] [[1955]] [[Vimaria]]e, mortuus die [[21 Iunii]] [[1998]] [[Vallis Spreae|Valli Spreae]] in Districtu [[Budissa]]e in [[Saxonia]]) cantor [[Germania|Germanus]] fuit. In [[Res publica democratica Germanica|Germania Orientali]] habebatur vox operariorum [[Lusatia]]e publica, qui carbonem exercebant. Germania anno 1990 unita in cantilenis non solum de circumiectis naturalibus protegendis sed etiam de aequilibrio sociali servando cantavit. Cantus saepe melancholici argumenta de vita atque morte quam authenticissime tractabant. ==Vita== Anno 1967 Gundermann Hoyericum commigravit; absolutorium scholasticum anno 1973 adeptus in universitate praefectorum militum pro [[Ernestus Thälmann|Ernesto Thälmann]] nominata [[Lobavia]]e (Theodisce ''Löbau'') studebat rebus politicis: unde eum anno 1975 remiserunt. Gundermann laudes in imperatorem quendam pangere noluit. Operarius secundarius in metallis [[Vallis Spreae|Valli Spreae]] (Theodisce ''Spreetal'') factus est. Ex anno 1976 in schola vespertina cursus frequentavit, ut operarius magis expertus fieret. Ibi ab eo quaesiverunt velletne fieri agens in rebus apud custodes secretos [[Stasi]] - cui et annuit. Anno 1977 prima vice candidatus factus est pro [[Factio socialistica unita Germaniae|Factione socialistica unita Germaniae]], quem tantum unum annum post e factione rursus expellere volebant propter sic dictam proterviam et impudentiam. Revera opinionem privatem retinere numquam potuit; expulsio ista minans, de qua sodales valde indignabantur, in animadversionem simplicem mutata est. Anno 1978 cum cantorum turba ''Singeklub Hoyerswerda'' Berolinum adiit ad Spectacula de cantu politico. Eodem anno nomen novum sibi dedit grex et appellari coepit ''Brigade Feuerstein''. Fabella musicalis ''Raskadonien'' tunc prima vice in scaenis producta est. Anno 1983 maritus factus est et unum annum post cooperationes cum custodibus secretis deponere debuit, cum e factione rursus expulsa esset. [[File:Waldfriedhof HY Gerhard Gundermann 2.JPG|thumb|Sepulcrum in coemeterio silvano Hoyerici]] Annis 1980 una cum Alfonso Förster opusculum melodramaticum infantibus aptum quoddam scripsit, cui titulus ''Malvina'' et cuius iterationes tota in republica factae sunt. Anno 1986 solus coram publico cantare incohatus anno 1987 palmam tulit in certamine ''Chansontage der DDR''. Insuper cum aliis symphoniacis agebat (e.g. ''B. Gundermann und Freunde'', ''Die Wilderer'', ''Gundermann & Die Seilschaft''). Istis annis separatio facta est inter musicos antea unitos, quorum qualitatem Gundermann magis magisque deploravit. Mense Martio anni 1990 frustra candidatus [[Camera Popularis RDG|Camerae Popularis RDG]] fuit. Quoad musicam autem annis 1990 asseclarum numerus valde crescebat. Cooperationes eius cum custodibus secretis Germaniae Orientalis denique anno 1995 revelatae sunt, quarum rerum culpam neque negavit neque confessus est. == Honores == * 1987: cum ''Brigade Feuerstein'' palma ''VEB Deutsche Schallplatten'' * 1994: cum ''Die Seilschaft'' palmam in optimis cantibus annualibus pro cantilena ''Sehnsucht nach dem Rattenfänger'' == Opera == === Discus (compacti)=== * 1988 ''Männer, Frauen und Maschinen'' * 1989 auxilians apud ''Februar'' gregis Silly * 1992 ''Einsame Spitze'' * 1993 ''Der 7te Samurai'' * 1995 ''Frühstück für immer'' * 1997 ''Engel über dem Revier'' * 1998 ''Krams – Das letzte Konzert'' * 1999 ''Unplugged'' * 2000 ''Live-Stücke I'' * 2004 ''Werkstücke II. Die Wilderer'' * 2005 ''Torero&Werkstücke III'' * 2006 ''Oma Else. Eine Hörgeschichte in Liedern'' * 2008 ''Auswahl I – Alle oder Keiner'' === Pelliculae === * 1999 Silly + Gundermann & Seilschaft Unplugged * 1998 Gundermann & Seilschaft Konzert in Berlin === Musica pro taeniis === * ''Jonny kommt'', RDG 1988 === Libri cantuales cum opusculis Gundermann === * ''Das Liederbuch.'' Edidit Mario Ferraro. Buschfunk Musikverlag, Berlin 1996, ISBN 3-931925-34-X * ''Das Liederbuch Teil 2.'' Edidit Mario Ferraro. Buschfunk Musikverlag, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-931925-35-8 == Pelliculae de Gundermann == * ''Gundi Gundermann'', documentaria pellicula Ricardi Engel, 1983 * ''Ende der Eisenzeit'', documentaria pellicula Ricardi Engel, 95 minutarum, 1999 * Auxilium in pellicula documentaria fabricanda ''Die Schmerzen der Lausitz'', directore Petro Rocha, 1989/1990 * ''Gundermann''; biographia pellicularis directore Andrea Dresen; partes Gundermann agit Alexander Scheer: annuntiatio [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kYkXKIU7OAA hic in interrete], 2018 == Bibliographia == * Hans-Dieter Schütt: ''Tankstelle für Verlierer. Gespräche mit Gerhard Gundermann. Eine Erinnerung.'' Karl Dietz Verlag, Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-320-02091-9. * ''Gerhard Gundermann. Rockpoet und Baggerfahrer. Gespräche mit Hans-Dieter Schütt.'' 2 Bände. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf Verlag, Berlin 1996 und 1999. ISBN 3-89602-055-2. * Andreas Leusink (ed.): ''Gundermann. Von jedem Tag will ich was haben, was ich nicht vergesse … Briefe, Dokumente, Interviews, Erinnerungen.'' Ch. Links Verlag, Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-96289-011-7. == Nexus externi == {{Commonscat|Gerhard Gundermann|Gerardum Gundermann}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180904014421/http://gundi.de/gundermann/ Pagina amicorum] {{lifetime|1955|1998|Gundermann, Gerardus}} [[categoria:Cantores Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Incolae Rei publicae Democraticae Germanicae]] [[categoria:Socialistae Germaniae]] mtl5qoc4zl9da3go74i289k7exmjoqq 0 277079 3971946 3713735 2026-07-14T11:01:39Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3971946 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Christianus Henricus Wolke''' (natus [[Geverae|Geveris]] die [[21 Augusti]] [[1741]], mortuus [[Berolinum|Berolini]] die [[8 Ianuarii]] [[1825]]) fuit [[paedagogus]] et [[philanthropia|philanthropista]] [[Germania|Germanus]]. ==Vita== Wolke ex anno 1763 [[Gottinga]]e studiosus fuit, ex anno 1767 Berolini in facultate iurum. Praeterea studebat etiam rebus linguisticis, mathematicis, physicis. Mox intentissimus fuit in res paedagogicas tantummodo. Anno 1770 assecla factus est in circulis [[Ioannes Bernardus Basedow|Ioannis Bernardi Basedow]] et auxiliabatur ei in conficiendo opere magno praetitulato »Elementarwerk«. Anno 1774 [[Dessavia]]e ad ''[[Philanthropinum]]'' operas dare coepit. Quos ludos anno 1784 reliquit migraturus trans Daniam, Sueciam et [[Livonia]]m [[Petropolis|Petropolim]] petivit ubi imperatrix [[Catharina II (imperatrix Russiae)|Catharina II]] compatriotam magno gaudio accepit. Attamen munus firmum nactus non est. Anno 1802 revenit Geveras, quae urbs tunc in unione politica cum [[Russia]] erat. Postea vitam degebat [[Tarandia]]e (Theodisce ''Tharandt'') in urbe [[Saxonia]]e, [[Dresda]]e, Berolini (inde ab anno 1813). Vacabat annos omnes variis laboribus paedagogicis et scriptoriis. ==Opera== * »Pädagogische Unterhaltungen« (Dessaviae 1774–78) *»Erste Kenntnis für Kinder, von der Buchstabenkenntnis bis zur Weltkunde« (Lipsiae 1763) *»Méthode naturelle d'instruction« (Lipsiae 1784) *»Commentarius in tabulas centum elementares, aeri incisas a D. Chodovieckio« (Lipsiae 1784–89) *»Anweisung, wie Kinder und Stumme zu Sprachkenntnissen zu bringen sind« (Lipsiae 1804) *»Anweisung für Mütter und Kinderlehrer« (Lipsiae 1805) *»Kurze Erziehungslehre« (Lipsiae 1805) *»Sassische ok dudische Gedigte, Sinsproke, Leder etc.« (Lipsiae 1804). ==Bibliographia== ''Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon'', vol 20. Lipsiae 1909, p. 734, quod relegi potest [http://www.zeno.org/nid/20007704658 hic in interreti.] ==Nexus externi== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20161103091308/http://www.rochow-museum.uni-potsdam.de/serviceq.html Pagina domestica Musei Rochow de philanthropismo, in Castello Reckahn] *[https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/ADB:Wolke,_Christian_Heinrich Biographia apud ADB] {{Lifetime|1741|1825|Wolke, Christianus}} [[categoria:Germani]] [[categoria:Paedagogi]] [[categoria:Iuris consulti]] [[categoria:Francomurarii]] cs1sbtywkyukug309vtzelxca3agyks 0 286370 3971824 3734461 2026-07-13T14:14:05Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3971824 wikitext text/x-wiki {{cautio}} {| class="wikitable floatright" |+ '''Atropinum''' |- ! colspan="2" | Cognitores |- | style="font-size: 85%" | ''[[ChemSpider]]'' || style="font-size: 85%" | [http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.10194105.html 10194105] |- | style="font-size: 85%" | [[PubChem]] || style="font-size: 85%" | [https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/174174 174174] |- | style="font-size: 85%" | [[DrugBank]] || style="font-size: 85%" | [https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00572 DB00572] |- ! colspan="2" | Natura chemica |- | style="text-align: center" colspan="2" | [[Fasciculus:Atropine.svg|200px|Atropinum]] |- | style="text-align: center" colspan="2" | [[Fasciculus:Atropine-D-isomer-from-DL-xtal-2004-3D-balls.png|200px|D-Atropinum]] |- | style="font-size: 85%" | [[Formula chemica|Formula summarum]] || style="font-size: 85%" | {{chem|C|17|H|23|N|O|3}} |- | style="font-size: 85%" | [[Massa molaris]] || style="font-size: 85%" | 289.369 g/mol |- ! colspan="2" | Natura pharmacologica |- | style="font-size: 85%" | Codex ATC || style="font-size: 85%" | {{ATC|A03BA|01}}<br />{{ATC|S01FA|01}} |- | style="font-size: 85%" | [[Semivita biologica]] || style="font-size: 85%" | 2 horae |- | style="font-size: 85%" | [[Metabolismus]] || style="font-size: 85%" | 15%-50% non mutatum |- | style="font-size: 85%" | Excretio || style="font-size: 85%" | [[ren]]ibus |- ! colspan="2" | Ad usum therapeuticum |- | style="font-size: 85%" | Applicatio || style="font-size: 85%" | per os, i.v., i.m.,<br />rectaliter |- | style="font-size: 85%" | MedlinePlus || style="font-size: 85%" | [https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a6682487.html a6682487]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Ling|Anglice}} |} '''Atropinum''' est [[medicamentum pharmaceuticum]] contra virtutes [[gas irritans|gasorum irritantium]] atque [[intoxicatio]]ne [[pesticidum|pesticidiis]]. Interdum in [[anaesthesia]] contra [[bradycardia]]m (pulsum tardum) vel [[hypersalivatio]]nem adhibetur. Actionem principalem in [[systema nervosum autonomicum|systemate nervoso autonomico]] exercet, ubi [[Receptorium acetylcholini#Receptoria cholinergica|receptoriis muscarinicis]] occurit. Ii atropini effectus ''anticholinergici'' vocatur. Nota est dilatatio pupillae. == Natura Atropini == === Natura chemica === Nomen [[Unio internationalis chemiae purae applicatae|IUPAC]] est 8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-ilo) 3-hydodroxy-2-phenylpropanoatum, [[massa molaris]] sua 289.369 g/mol. <gallery> Fasciculus:Tropane 2.svg|[[Tropanum]] Fasciculus:Ester-general.svg|[[Ester]] Fasciculus:Benzene circle.svg|[[Benzenum]] </gallery> === Natura pharmacologica === Atropinum est medicamentum cum virtutibus [[Acetylcholinum|anticholinergicis]]. [[Systema classificationis Anatomicum Therapeuticum Chemicumque|Codices ATC]] sunt {{ATC|A03BA|01}} atque {{ATC|S01FA|01}}. === Doses === [[Dosis diurna definita]] (DDD) est 1.5 mg per die p.o.<ref>[https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=A03BA&showdescription=no Systema classificationis Anatomicum Therapeuticum Chemicumque, cap. A03BA cum Atropini referentia]</ref> == Notae == <references/> {{NexInt}} * [[Atropa belladonna]] * [[Pupilla]] [[Categoria:Entheogena]] [[Categoria:Systema nervosum autonomicum]] 0wrp9jszzf12nq2gyrg8kh6c3drc81p 3971825 3971824 2026-07-13T14:16:55Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3971825 wikitext text/x-wiki {{cautio}} {| class="wikitable floatright" |+ '''Atropinum''' |- ! colspan="2" | Cognitores |- | style="font-size: 85%" | ''[[ChemSpider]]'' || style="font-size: 85%" | [http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.10194105.html 10194105] |- | style="font-size: 85%" | [[PubChem]] || style="font-size: 85%" | [https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/174174 174174] |- | style="font-size: 85%" | [[DrugBank]] || style="font-size: 85%" | [https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00572 DB00572] |- ! colspan="2" | Natura chemica |- | style="text-align: center" colspan="2" | [[Fasciculus:Atropine.svg|200px|Atropinum]] |- | style="text-align: center" colspan="2" | [[Fasciculus:Atropine-D-isomer-from-DL-xtal-2004-3D-balls.png|200px|D-Atropinum]] |- | style="font-size: 85%" | [[Formula chemica|Formula summarum]] || style="font-size: 85%" | {{chem|C|17|H|23|N|O|3}} |- | style="font-size: 85%" | [[Massa molaris]] || style="font-size: 85%" | 289.369 g/mol |- ! colspan="2" | Natura pharmacologica |- | style="font-size: 85%" | Codex ATC || style="font-size: 85%" | {{ATC|A03BA|01}}<br />{{ATC|S01FA|01}} |- | style="font-size: 85%" | [[Semivita biologica]] || style="font-size: 85%" | 2 horae |- | style="font-size: 85%" | [[Metabolismus]] || style="font-size: 85%" | 15%-50% non mutatum |- | style="font-size: 85%" | Excretio || style="font-size: 85%" | [[ren]]ibus |- ! colspan="2" | Ad usum therapeuticum |- | style="font-size: 85%" | Applicatio || style="font-size: 85%" | per os, i.v., i.m.,<br />rectaliter |- | style="font-size: 85%" | MedlinePlus || style="font-size: 85%" | [https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a6682487.html a6682487]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Ling|Anglice}} |} '''Atropinum''' est [[medicamentum pharmaceuticum]] contra virtutes [[gas irritans|gasorum irritantium]] atque [[intoxicatio]]nem [[pesticidum|pesticidiis]]. Interdum in [[anaesthesia]] contra [[bradycardia]]m (pulsum tardum) vel [[hypersalivatio]]nem adhibetur. Actionem principalem in [[systema nervosum autonomicum|systemate nervoso autonomico]] exercet, ubi [[Receptorium acetylcholini#Receptoria cholinergica|receptoriis muscarinicis]] occurit. Ii atropini effectus ''anticholinergici'' vocatur. Nota est dilatatio pupillae. == Natura Atropini == === Natura chemica === Nomen [[Unio internationalis chemiae purae applicatae|IUPAC]] est 8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-ilo) 3-hydodroxy-2-phenylpropanoatum, [[massa molaris]] sua 289.369 g/mol. <gallery> Fasciculus:Tropane 2.svg|[[Tropanum]] Fasciculus:Ester-general.svg|[[Ester]] Fasciculus:Benzene circle.svg|[[Benzenum]] </gallery> === Natura pharmacologica === Atropinum est medicamentum cum virtutibus [[Acetylcholinum|anticholinergicis]]. [[Systema classificationis Anatomicum Therapeuticum Chemicumque|Codices ATC]] sunt {{ATC|A03BA|01}} atque {{ATC|S01FA|01}}. === Doses === [[Dosis diurna definita]] (DDD) est 1.5 mg per die p.o.<ref>[https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=A03BA&showdescription=no Systema classificationis Anatomicum Therapeuticum Chemicumque, cap. A03BA cum Atropini referentia]</ref> == Notae == <references/> {{NexInt}} * [[Atropa belladonna]] * [[Pupilla]] [[Categoria:Entheogena]] [[Categoria:Systema nervosum autonomicum]] 8hosefsy3vn5qsb3pw97g643bjj0gwr 0 288657 3971958 3864508 2026-07-14T11:56:40Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3971958 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Torgau Schloß Hartenfels.jpg|thumb|Castellum Hartenfels, Argeliae]] '''Argelia'''<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].</ref> sive '''Torgavia'''<ref>Pertsch, Erich: ''Langenscheidts Großes Schulwörterbuch Lateinisch-Deutsch'', Berolini et Monaci 1983, ISBN 3-468-07202-3, p. 1325</ref> (Theodisce: ''Torgau'') est urbs in [[Saxonia]] ad [[albis|Heribam]] sita. ==Historia== Anno 2023 incolas 19.683 habituit; quaestus maioris momenti sunt fabricae vitrorum et porcellanorum. Nucleus historicus urbanus multis aedificiis temporis Renatorum constituitur et Castello Hartenfels coronatur. Agitur de vico piscatorum, qui ex saeculo XII centrum nundinarum fiebat et saeculo XIII privilegia urbana nactus est. ==Reformatorum mellarium== Magni momenti fuit [[Reformatio]]ni; uxor [[martinus Lutherus|Lutheri]] [[Catharina de Bora]] in Ecclesia Deiparae sepulta est. Argeliae anno 1525 condita est ''Unio Torgaviensis''; anno 1530 ibidem scripti sunt sic dicti ''Articuli Torgavienses''. Oratorium castellanum esse dicitur primum fanum secundum notiones Lutheranas restitutum (e.g. cum ambone in centro). Et [[Philippus Melanchthon]] persaepe Argeliae erat. ==Notae== <references/> ==Nexus externi== {{commonscat|Torgau|Argeliam}} *[http://www.torgau.eu/ Situs proprius] {{urbs-stipula}} [[categoria:Urbes Saxoniae]] aobinfd4p295ri9vi9wg7wrkme6rrmw 0 299082 3971819 3681852 2026-07-13T13:51:07Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3971819 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:David MacMillan.jpg|thumb|David MacMillan]] '''David MacMillan''' (natus die [[16 Martii]] [[1968]]<ref name="frs">[http://royalsociety.org/people/david-macmillan/ Professor David MacMillan FRS].</ref>) est [[chemicus]] [[Civitates Foederatae|Americanus]] origine [[Scotia|Scotica]]<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-10-06|title=Chemistry Nobel awarded for mirror-image molecules|language=en-GB|work=stv News|https://news.stv.tv/west-central/scottish-professor-wins-2021-nobel-prize-for-chemistry?top}}.</ref> et James S. McDonnell Distinguished University Professor of Chemistry{{dubsig}} in [[Universitas Princetoniensis|Universitate Princetoniensi]], ubi praeses facultatis chemiae ab anno [[2010]] ad annum [[2015]] meruit.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Home|url=http://chemlabs.princeton.edu/macmillan/|access-date=2020-06-15|website=Macmillan Group|language=en}}.</ref><ref>Colloquium interrogatorium cum professore MacMillan in pagina [https://web.archive.org/web/20181108105059/https://www.organicdivision.org/eminentorganicchemists/david-macmillan/ "Eminent Organic Chemists"] ab ACS Organic Division datum invenitur.</ref> [[Chemia organica|Chemiae organicae]] peritus est. [[Praemium Nobelianum chemiae]] cum [[Beniaminus List|Beniamino List]] investigationum [[catalysis]] [[chemia organica|organicae]] [[symmetria|asymmetricae]] causa anno [[2021]] accepit.<ref>[https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2021/summary/ De Praemio Nobeliano Chemiae anno 2021] apud nobelprizes.org.</ref> Eius almae matres sunt [[Universitas Glasguensis]] (BSc) et [[Universitas Californiensis apud Irvine]] (MSc, [[PhD]]). == Notae == <references/> {{Lifetime|1968||MacMillan, David}} [[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Californiensis]] [[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Glasguensis]] [[Categoria:Chemici Civitatum Foederatarum]] [[Categoria:Praemium Nobelianum Chemiae]] s3orw0m1zo4mcdnizmxd8g56j389xsq 0 305776 3971947 3746213 2026-07-14T11:02:37Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3971947 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Gedenktafel Salzmann beim Triefstein (Luisenthal).JPG|thumb|tabula commemorativa pro saltuario et decempedatore Salzmann affixa in semita haud procul a Luisenthal sita, anno quo naturae concessit]] '''Ernestus Iulius Theodorus Salzmann''' (natus die [[16 Maii]] [[1792]] [[Gualtherihusa]]e, mortuus die [[14 Novembris]] [[1855]] [[Gota]]e) finitor et saltuarius [[germania|Germanicus]] fuit. Pater eius ille famosus paedagogus atque theologus [[Christianus Gotthilf Salzmann]], rector [[ludi Salzmann|gymnasii ad Schnepfenthal]], fuit. ==Vita== Post annum 1809 docebat eum [[Henricus Cotta]] ad [[Schwallungen]] (in [[Circulus Schmalkalden-Meiningen|Circulo Schmalkalden-Meiningen]]). Ex anno 1811 [[Tarandia]]e (Theodisce ''Tharandt'') (in [[Saxonia]]) fuit ubi Salzmann ipse, Henrico Cotta duce, dimensiones terrae fecit. A [[pascha (festum Christianum)|paschate]] 1812 [[Georgenthal]] (in [[Circulus Gotha|Circulo Gothensi]]) fuit silvestres labores dispositurus. Cum anno ex expeditione contra [[franci|Francos]] revenisset omnino se consecravit terris mensurandis. Habitavit autem in his locis: [[Friedrichroda]] (in Circulo Gothensi), [[Rödichen]], [[Ohrdruf]], [[Zella-Mehlis]]. Quibus in operibus sese virum valde capacem ostendit. Insuper (e.g. in grapheo saltuario Schwarzwald/Ohrdruf) labores administrativos et protectorios libenter et diligenter implevit. Anno 1825 successit domino Einsiedel, saltuario atque venatori supremo [[thuringia|Thuringiensi]], et in rebus pecuniariis ordinandis et in laboribus inspiciendis. Camera ducalis Gothensis cursum honorem celeravit, cum Salzmann die 1 Februario 1829 secretarius tertius et mense Iulio eiusdem anni commissarius silvarum nominaretur. Namque et in grapheis et sub divo operam navare solitus est. Anno 1830 responsalis vir pro omnibus inceptis novis et biennio post secretarius saltuum supremus creatus est. [[brunsvicum|Brunsvicenses]], qui eum ad maiora vocaverunt, non secutus titulo consiliarii saltuum honoratus est. Die 16 Martii 1840 assessor cameralis cum facultatibus multis et die 2 Ianuarii 1846 consiliarius superior proclamatus est. Res saltuariarum scientiarum recentissimas in silvis Thuringiensibus effici atque adhiberi voluit. ==Gravitudo== Merita omnia quae ad artem salutariam attinent dici non possunt. Praxis quotidiana quam ille olim in silvis pertulerat in omnibus consiliis capiendis iuvit. Unda cum domino Schrödter (Georgenthal oriundo) systema novum saltuarium excogitavit quod anno 1855 stilo exscripsit.<ref>Komparu ''Protocolle über die VI. Versammlung der Forstwirthe aus Thüringen, abgehalten 1855 zu Reinhardtsbrunn'', p. 11—17</ref> Iam annis 1840 politicis persuasit de necessiate viarum munitarum in lucis ut transportationes effices fieri possent. Similia extra Thuringiam tantum in [[Hassia]] exhibebantur. Insuper Salzmann de lucro magis faciendo meditatus est. Apud [[Posnania]]m in [[Silesia]] et in [[Imperium Austriacum|Imperio Austriaco]] duci suo territoria acquisivit. Pro dolor Salzmann labore submersus non vacavit ad opera scientifica pangenda. Attamen ingenium eius in [[ornithologia]] commentationibus anno 1858 in periodico quodam publicatis lucet.<ref>''Supplemente zur Allgemeinen Forst- und Jagbzeitung'' (I. Band, 1858. p. 67); ibi: "Material für den Entwurf eines Gesetzes zum Schutze der Insekten und andere schädliche Thiere vertilgenden Vögel".</ref> ==Honores== *[[Luisenthal]] ad fauces Triefstein tabula in eius memoriam affixa est his cum verbis sollemnibus ''Dem Andenken ihres unvergeßlichen Oberforstraths Salzmann die Forstbeamten des Herzogthums Gotha. 1855.'' *Via in [[circulus Ilm|Circulo Ilm]] apud [[Ilmenavia]]m pro isto viro illustri nominata est ''Salzmannstraße''. Migratoribus et birotariis patet. Hieme autem ibi [[cursus campester]] agitatur. ==Bibliographia== *Allgemeine Forst- und Jagdzeitung 1856, p. 160 (necrologus, scripsit Diezel) *Bernhardt: ''Geschichte des Waldeigenthums'' III, p. 271 *Heß: ''Lebensbilder hervorragender Forstmänner'', 1885, p. 305Heß, *Richard, "Salzmann, Ernst Julius Theodor" apud: ''Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie'' 30 (1890), p. 297-299 ([https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd137224001.html#adbcontent hic in interreti]) ==Notae== <references/> [[categoria:Saltuarii|Salzmann]] [[categoria:Incolae Germaniae|Salzmann]] [[categoria:Circulus Ilm|Salzmann]] [[categoria:Nati 1792|Salzmann]] [[categoria:Mortui 1855|Salzmann]] [[categoria:Geodesia|Salzmann]] tbiqe742gc01vup9sktce7u0zdv0vvo 0 305781 3971945 3754590 2026-07-14T11:00:43Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3971945 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Tharandt (3) 2006-05-11.jpg|thumb|aedificium vetus Academiae saltuariae [[Tarandia]]e (Saxoniae), 2006.]] '''Ioannes Henricus''' vulgo ''Johann Heinrich'' '''Cotta''' (natus in domo saltuario ad Klein-Zillbach apud [[Schwallungen]] in [[Circulus Schmalkalden-Meiningen|Circulo Schmalkalden-Meiningen]] die [[30 Octobris]] [[1763]]; mortuus [[Tarandia]]e in [[Saxonia]] die [[25 Octobris]] [[1844]]) fuit [[salturarius]] doctus [[Germania|Germanicus]]. == Vita == Cum a patre [[Wasungen]] instructus esset, annis inter 1784 et 1785 in [[Universitas Litterarum Ienensis|Universitate Iensensi]] [[mathematica]]e, [[scientiae naturales|scientiis naturalibus]], [[oeconomia]]e studuit. Inde triennium terras permensurabat [[Kaltennordheim]] in [[Circulus Schmalkalden-Meiningen|Circulo Schmalkalden-Meiningen]]. Iam anno 1786 cursus [[venator]]ibus et saltuariis futuris consecratos frequentavit, quibus [[topographia|topographica]] mensura exerceretur. Quod ad [[res saltuaria|silvestres scientias]] pertinet pater docuerat. Numerus discipulorum ita multiplicatus et, ut anno 1794 dux [[Carolus Augustus]] censuit [[academia]]m saltuariam in Zillbach esse aperiendam. Interim Cotta cursum honorum transiens anno 1795 saltuarius superior creatus est. Postquam magistri multi undique venissent, fama inter studiosos et extra [[Thuringia]]m aucta est. Anno 1800 Henricus Cotta [[Ysenacum|Ysenacensis]] tribus saltuarii caput fiebat; tamen domicilium eius semper Zillbach manebat. Anno autem 1810 in [[Saxonia]]m [[Tarandia]]m (Theodisce ''Tharandt'') iit artem suam in [[Datum geodeticum|Geodetico Instituto]] instructurus: revera autem anno 1811 eum sequebantur et discipuli et magistri ex Thuringia et anno 1816 schola promota est ad veram academiam. Cotta autem usque mortem turbas saltuariorum Saxonicorum duxit, cum titulum consiliarii in saltuariis supremi nactus esset. == Opera selecta == === Scientifica === * ''Systematische Anleitung zur Taxation der Waldungen'', Berlin 1804 ([http://www.mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10294672-0 Digitalisat]) * ''Naturbeobachtungen über die Bewegung und Funktion des Saftes in den Gewächsen, mit vorzüglicher Hinsicht auf Holzpflanzen'', Vimariae 1806 * ''Grundriß zu einem System der Forstwissenschaft'', manuscriptum praelectionis, 1813 * ''Vorschriften zur künstlichen Holzzucht'', 1814 * ''Abriß einer Anweisung zur Vermessung, Beschreibung, Schätzung und forstwirtschaftlichen Einteilung der Waldungen etc.'', Dresdae 1815 * ''Tafeln zur Bestimmung des Inhalts und Wertes unverarbeiteter Hölzer'', Dresdawe 1816 * ''Anweisung zum Waldbau'', Dresdae 1817 ([http://www.mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10294676-2 hc in interreti (quarta editio)] * ''Entwurf einer Anweisung zur Waldwerthberechnung'', Dresdae 1818 ([http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ppn3135767852 hic in interreti]) * ''Die Verbindung des Feldbaues mit dem Waldbau oder die Baumfeldwirthschaft'', Dresdae 1819-1822 * ''Anweisung zur Forst-Einrichtung und Abschätzung'', Dresdae 1820 ([http://www.mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10300403-0 hic in interreti]) * ''Hülfstafeln für Forstwirthe und Forsttaxatoren'', Dresden 1821 ([http://digital.slub-dresden.de/id338952683 Digitalisat]) * ''Grundriß der Forstwissenschaft'', Dresdae et Lipsiae 1832 ([http://www.mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10294679-3 hic in interreti]) * ''Der Kammerbühl nach wiederholten Untersuchungen aufs neue beschrieben'', Dresdae 1833 === Autobiographica === * ''Aus meinem Leben'', apud: „Sylvan“, Marburgi et Cassellae 1819 == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Johann Heinrich Cotta|Henricum Cotta}} * {{DNB-Portal|119195259}} * [http://rhoen.wordpress.com/2008/06/07/22-die-wiege-der-forstwissenschaft/ "Der Fürst der Wälder"] * [http://www.zillbach.de situs proprius vici Zillbach cum historia] * [http://www.erzgebirgsblick.de de Cotta] apud nexum ''Geschichtliches'' * [http://kieseltorf.de/index.htm?http://kieseltorf.de/cotta.htm Cotta de fossilibus] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160417205537/https://tu-dresden.de/die_tu_dresden/fakultaeten/fakultaet_forst_geo_und_hydrowissenschaften/fachrichtung_forstwissenschaften/fb_garten/forstgarten hortus botanicus Tarandiae] cura studiosorum Dresdensium * [http://www.sitzendorf.com/ Sitzendorf in Valle Schwarza: semita migratoria nominata secundum Henricum Cotta] *Richter, Albert, "Cotta, Heinrich" apud: ''Neue Deutsche Biographie'' 3 (1957), p. 380-381 ([https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd119195259.html#ndbcontent hic in interreti]) {{Lifetime|1763|1844|Cotta, Ioannes Henricus}} [[Categoria:Autobiographi]] [[Categoria:Auctores Theodisci]] [[Categoria:Circulus Ilm|Cotta]] [[Categoria:Geodesia|Cotta]] [[Categoria:Incolae Germaniae|Cotta]] [[Categoria:Magistri]] [[Categoria:Saltuarii|Cotta]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Germaniae]] 47ursvtj68lsn2ndjpxwz1q444bv0q0 10 307918 3971907 3970598 2026-07-14T00:30:25Z Grufo 64423 Syntaxis moduli mutata est 3971907 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{Capsa documentationis | color = var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa) | imago = Exemplar Vicipaediae.svg | titulus = Quod vides non est {{#switch:{{NAMESPACENUMBER}} | 0 = commentatio | 2 = pagina usoris | 4 = pagina | 5 = disputatio | #default = {{lc:{{NAMESPACE}}}} }}, est [[Auxilium:Exemplaria|exemplar]]. | postilla = ''Habesne nomen Vicipaedianum? Crea paginam in tuo spatio nominali {{Nexus ad recensendum | 1 = Specialis:Pagina Mea/Harenarium/{{FULLPAGENAME}} | 2 = hoc exemplar imitando | monitus = Formula:Hoc est exemplar/monitus imitationis sine argumentis | exemplar = {{FULLPAGENAME}} }}! Nonne habes nomen Vicipaedianum? Tu quoque apud spatium nominale ''disputationis'' tui IP hoc exemplar {{Nexus ad recensendum | 1 = Specialis:Disputatio mea/Harenarium/{{FULLPAGENAME}} | 2 = imitare potes | monitus = Formula:Hoc est exemplar/monitus imitationis sine argumentis | exemplar = {{FULLPAGENAME}} }}.'' | 1 = Quaedam pagina (per formulam {{fn|Creetur}} vel {{fn|Creetur caput}} vel aliam similem machinationem) huic annexa est, sic ut novae paginae [[Auxilium:Exemplaria|ex imitatione huius exemplaris]] creentur.{{#if:{{{descriptio|}}}|<nowiki /> '''Summarium de hoc exemplari:''' {{Vitta sententiae | color = #fff | 1 = {{{descriptio}}} }}}}{{P{{#ifeq:{{{argumenta|}}}|nulla|1|2}}| ''Hoc exemplar nullum argumentum accipit.''|{{#invoke:params| with_name_matching|^descriptio%s+argumenti%s*%d+$| renaming_by_replacing|^descriptio%s+argumenti%s*0*(%d+)$|%1|1| backpurging|0|0| purging|33|0| filling_the_gaps|| entering_substack| with_value_matching|^%s*$| mapping_by_mixing|''(descriptio abest)''| merging_substack| sequential| setting|h/i/p/f| '''De argumentis necessaris:''' <table style{{=}}"margin-left: 1em;"><tr><td style{{=}}"vertical-align: top;"><code>$|</td></tr><tr><td style{{=}}"vertical-align: top;"><code>$|</code>:</td><td>|</td></tr></table>| list }}}} '''Ad magistratum:''' noli hanc paginam delere etiamsi nullos {{Nexūs ad paginam|{{FULLPAGENAME}}|nexus ad eam|omnia}} observes. {{Norma media|'''Crea paginam {{#if:{{{praefixum|}}}|(sub praefixo <code>{{Textus planus|{{{praefixum}}}}}</code>) hoc|hoc}} exemplar imitando'''}} {{#tag:inputbox| type = create width = 25 break = no inline = yes preload = {{FULLPAGENAME}}{{Idcirco verbatim|{{{praefixum|}}}| prefix {{=}} {{{praefixum}}}}}{{Idcirco verbatim|{{{titulus|}}}| default {{=}} {{{titulus}}}}} placeholder = Nomen paginae creandae buttonlabel = Parare summary = Prima adumbratio{{P{{#ifeq:{{{argumenta|}}}|nulla|2|1}}|{{#invoke:params| sequential| setting|h/i/n| {{#if:{{{monitus|}}}|editintro {{=}} {{{monitus}}} p|p}}reloadparams[] {{=}} | preloadparams[] {{=}} | editintro {{=}} {{{monitus|Formula:Hoc est exemplar/monitus imitationis sine argumentis}}}| with_name_matching|^argumentum%s*%d+$| renaming_by_replacing|^argumentum%s*0*(%d+)$|%1|1| backpurging|0|0| purging|33|0| filling_the_gaps|| list_values }}}} }} }}{{#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio||[[Categoria:Exemplaria Vicipaediana]]<nowiki />__EXPECTED_UNCONNECTED_PAGE__<nowiki />{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACENUMBER}}|10|__EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE__<nowiki />}}}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentatio}}</noinclude> ioj9m3xiyfmtqy0jk4lmgwz0qs1xsxj 2 309780 3971833 3800637 2026-07-13T14:40:08Z Syunsyunminmin 155700 Syunsyunminmin movit paginam [[Usor:とるてぃ]] ad [[Usor:Toruti17]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/とるてぃ|とるてぃ]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Toruti17|Toruti17]]" 3800637 wikitext text/x-wiki Salve! Ego Japonicus est. Histriam amo. dzupi9d4nxs7ltuu9att00g3dwd1479 10 312943 3971904 3895513 2026-07-14T00:28:43Z Grufo 64423 Syntaxis moduli mutata est 3971904 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{safesubst:<noinclude />Substitutio requisita|{{Dimensiones{{safesubst:<noinclude />#invoke:params| sequential| renaming_by_replacing|%s+| | renaming_by_replacing|longitudo|1|strict| renaming_by_replacing|massa|2|strict| renaming_by_replacing|tempus|3|strict| renaming_by_replacing|onus electricum|4|strict| renaming_by_replacing|temperatura|5|strict| renaming_by_replacing|quantitas substantiae|6|strict| renaming_by_replacing|intensitas luminosa|7|strict| excluding_non-numeric_names| backpurging|0|0| purging|8|0| mapping_by_replacing|^[−%-]+%s*|−|1| with_value_matching|^−%d+$|or|^%d+$| filling_the_gaps|| mapping_by_replacing|^%s*$|0|1| setting|ih|{{safesubst:<noinclude />!}}| list_values }}}}}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentatio|proprietas=distributa}}</noinclude> tpd531xsiydm9tcw8td16iu0j8i3spu 10 312946 3971905 3895514 2026-07-14T00:29:15Z Grufo 64423 Syntaxis moduli mutata est 3971905 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{safesubst:<noinclude />Substitutio requisita|{{Dimensiones SI{{safesubst:<noinclude />#invoke:params| sequential| renaming_by_replacing|%s+| | renaming_by_replacing|longitudo|1|strict| renaming_by_replacing|massa|2|strict| renaming_by_replacing|tempus|3|strict| renaming_by_replacing|fluxus oneris electrici|4|strict| renaming_by_replacing|temperatura|5|strict| renaming_by_replacing|quantitas substantiae|6|strict| renaming_by_replacing|intensitas luminosa|7|strict| excluding_non-numeric_names| backpurging|0|0| purging|8|0| mapping_by_replacing|^[−%-]+%s*|−|1| with_value_matching|^−%d+$|or|^%d+$| filling_the_gaps|| mapping_by_replacing|^%s*$|0|1| setting|ih|{{safesubst:<noinclude />!}}| list_values }}}}}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentatio|Formula:Dimensiones/ad seriem/doc}}</noinclude> 4ttku4wnd1fttjv9het2zhj8w2lfrvd 828 319595 3971873 3966427 2026-07-13T20:52:59Z Grufo 64423 /* proprietas */ 3971873 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Subpagina documentationis}} Hic modulus nonnullas functiones ad [[Vicidata]] attinentes praebet. == De usu == <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>#invoke:vicidata|''nomen functionis''<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> == De functionibus == === <code>tessera</code> === Haec functio tesseram Vicidatorum cuiusdam paginae intervicialis reddit. ==== De usu ==== * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{#invoke:vicidata|tessera|Spatiplanum}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{#invoke:vicidata|tessera|Spatiplanum}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{#invoke:vicidata|tessera|Morpheme|enwiki}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{#invoke:vicidata|tessera|Morpheme|enwiki}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{#invoke:vicidata|tessera|Carte géographique|frwiki}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{#invoke:vicidata|tessera|Carte géographique|frwiki}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{#invoke:vicidata|tessera|difieuhnbdsjhdseihrgy}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{#invoke:vicidata|tessera|difieuhnbdsjhdseihrgy}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{#invoke:vicidata|tessera}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{#invoke:vicidata|tessera}} === <code>eadem_tessera_si_exsistit_aut_nihil</code> === Si tessera Vicidatorum exsistit denuo redditur, sin secus nihil redditur. ==== De usu ==== * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{#invoke:vicidata|eadem_tessera_si_exsistit_aut_nihil|Q4006}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{#invoke:vicidata|eadem_tessera_si_exsistit_aut_nihil|Q4006}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{#invoke:vicidata|eadem_tessera_si_exsistit_aut_nihil|kflnwnrvizrnvifo}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{#invoke:vicidata|eadem_tessera_si_exsistit_aut_nihil|kflnwnrvizrnvifo}} === <code>appellatio</code> === Haec functio appellationem Vicidatorum cuiusdam paginae intervicialis reddit. ==== De usu ==== * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{#invoke:vicidata|appellatio|pagina=Spatiplanum}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{#invoke:vicidata|appellatio|pagina=Spatiplanum}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{#invoke:vicidata|appellatio|it|pagina=Spatiplanum}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{#invoke:vicidata|appellatio|it|pagina=Spatiplanum}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{#invoke:vicidata|appellatio|tessera=Q11936}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{#invoke:vicidata|appellatio|tessera=Q11936}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{#invoke:vicidata|appellatio|fr|tessera=Q1747618}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{#invoke:vicidata|appellatio|fr|tessera=Q1747618}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{#invoke:vicidata|appellatio}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{#invoke:vicidata|appellatio}} === <code>quantae_translationes</code> === Haec functio numerum translationum intervicialium cuiusdam paginae reddit. ==== De usu ==== * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{#invoke:vicidata|quantae_translationes|pagina=Spatiplanum}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{#invoke:vicidata|quantae_translationes|pagina=Spatiplanum}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{#invoke:vicidata|quantae_translationes|tessera=Q4006}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{#invoke:vicidata|quantae_translationes|tessera=Q4006}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{#invoke:vicidata|quantae_translationes|pagina=difieuhnbdsjhdseihrgy}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{#invoke:vicidata|quantae_translationes|pagina=difieuhnbdsjhdseihrgy}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{#invoke:vicidata|quantae_translationes}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{#invoke:vicidata|quantae_translationes}} === <code>si_sunt_translationes</code> === Haec functio quaerit num sint translationes cuiusdam paginae. ==== De usu ==== * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{#invoke:vicidata|si_sunt_translationes|pagina=Spatiplanum|Sunt translationes|Non sunt translationes|Nodus Vicidatorum abest}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{#invoke:vicidata|si_sunt_translationes|pagina=Spatiplanum|Sunt translationes|Non sunt translationes|Nodus Vicidatorum abest}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{#invoke:vicidata|si_sunt_translationes|tessera=Q4006|Sunt translationes|Non sunt translationes|Nodus Vicidatorum abest}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{#invoke:vicidata|si_sunt_translationes|tessera=Q4006|Sunt translationes|Non sunt translationes|Nodus Vicidatorum abest}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{#invoke:vicidata|si_sunt_translationes|pagina=difieuhnbdsjhdseihrgy|Sunt translationes|Non sunt translationes|Nodus Vicidatorum abest}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{#invoke:vicidata|si_sunt_translationes|pagina=difieuhnbdsjhdseihrgy|Sunt translationes|Non sunt translationes|Nodus Vicidatorum abest}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{#invoke:vicidata|si_sunt_translationes|Sunt translationes|Non sunt translationes|Nodus Vicidatorum abest}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{#invoke:vicidata|si_sunt_translationes|Sunt translationes|Non sunt translationes|Nodus Vicidatorum abest}} === <code>si_sunt_translationes_interviciales</code> === Haec functio quaerit num sint translationes interviciales cuiusdam paginae. ==== De usu ==== * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{#invoke:vicidata|si_sunt_translationes_interviciales|pagina=Spatiplanum|Sunt translationes|Sunt translationes speciales tantum|Non sunt translationes|Nodus Vicidatorum abest}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{#invoke:vicidata|si_sunt_translationes_interviciales|pagina=Spatiplanum|Sunt translationes|Sunt translationes speciales tantum|Non sunt translationes|Nodus Vicidatorum abest}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{#invoke:vicidata|si_sunt_translationes_interviciales|tessera=Q4006|Sunt translationes|Sunt translationes speciales tantum|Non sunt translationes|Nodus Vicidatorum abest}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{#invoke:vicidata|si_sunt_translationes_interviciales|tessera=Q4006|Sunt translationes|Sunt translationes speciales tantum|Non sunt translationes|Nodus Vicidatorum abest}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{#invoke:vicidata|si_sunt_translationes_interviciales|pagina=difieuhnbdsjhdseihrgy|Sunt translationes|Sunt translationes speciales tantum|Non sunt translationes|Nodus Vicidatorum abest}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{#invoke:vicidata|si_sunt_translationes_interviciales|pagina=difieuhnbdsjhdseihrgy|Sunt translationes|Sunt translationes speciales tantum|Non sunt translationes|Nodus Vicidatorum abest}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{#invoke:vicidata|si_sunt_translationes_interviciales|Sunt translationes|Sunt translationes speciales tantum|Non sunt translationes|Nodus Vicidatorum abest}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{#invoke:vicidata|si_sunt_translationes_interviciales|Sunt translationes|Sunt translationes speciales tantum|Non sunt translationes|Nodus Vicidatorum abest}} === <code>index_translationum</code> === Haec functio omnes translationes cuiusdam paginae numerat. ==== De usu ==== '''Codex manuscriptus:''' <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{Folium fugax|style = border: 1px dashed #aaa; border-radius: 1em; |{{#invoke:vicidata|index_translationum|pagina=Spatiplanum}} }}</syntaxhighlight> '''Effectus:''' {{Folium fugax|style = border: 1px dashed #aaa; border-radius: 1em; |{{#invoke:vicidata|index_translationum|pagina=Spatiplanum}} }} {{Ast}} '''Codex manuscriptus:''' <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{Folium fugax|style = border: 1px dashed #aaa; border-radius: 1em; |{{#invoke:vicidata|index_translationum|tessera=Q4006}} }}</syntaxhighlight> '''Effectus:''' {{Folium fugax|style = border: 1px dashed #aaa; border-radius: 1em; |{{#invoke:vicidata|index_translationum|tessera=Q4006}} }} === <code>titulus_barbarus</code> === Haec functio titulum barbarum cuiusdam paginae reddit. ==== De usu ==== * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{#invoke:vicidata|titulus_barbarus|dewiki|pagina=Spatiplanum}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{#invoke:vicidata|titulus_barbarus|dewiki|pagina=Spatiplanum}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{#invoke:vicidata|titulus_barbarus|cawiki|tessera=Q4006}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{#invoke:vicidata|titulus_barbarus|cawiki|tessera=Q4006}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{#invoke:vicidata|titulus_barbarus|frwiki|pagina=difieuhnbdsjhdseihrgy}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{#invoke:vicidata|titulus_barbarus|frwiki|pagina=difieuhnbdsjhdseihrgy}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{#invoke:vicidata|titulus_barbarus|enwiki}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{#invoke:vicidata|titulus_barbarus|enwiki}} === <code>proprietas</code> === Haec functio singulam proprietatem cuiuslibet nodi Vicidatorum reddit. Si proprietas est index plurium indiciorum, nomen cuiusvis formulae scribi potest primum argumentum (vide formulam {{Fn|Debug}} his in exemplis). Si nomen formulae abest et proprietas est collectio, semper unus valor tantum ostendetur. ==== De usu ==== * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{#invoke:vicidata|proprietas|P18|pagina=Spatiplanum}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{#invoke:vicidata|proprietas|P18|pagina=Spatiplanum}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{#invoke:vicidata|proprietas|debug|P18|pagina=Alanus Aspect}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{#invoke:vicidata|proprietas|debug|P18|pagina=Alanus Aspect}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{#invoke:vicidata|P18|proprietas|tessera=Q4006}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{#invoke:vicidata|proprietas|P18|tessera=Q4006}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{#invoke:vicidata|proprietas|debug|P18|tessera=Q364997}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{#invoke:vicidata|proprietas|debug|P18|tessera=Q364997}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{#invoke:vicidata|proprietas|P18|pagina=difieuhnbdsjhdseihrgy}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{#invoke:vicidata|proprietas|P18|pagina=difieuhnbdsjhdseihrgy}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{#invoke:vicidata|proprietas|P31}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{#invoke:vicidata|proprietas|P31}} == Ulteriora si cupis == * [[:Categoria:Formulae Vicidatorum]] * {{Fn|Indicium interviciale}} * {{Nim|#property}} * {{Nim|#statements}} * {{Fn|Nexus interviciales absunt}} * {{Fn|Creanda}} <includeonly>{{in harenario aut alibi|| <!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --> [[Categoria:Moduli|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae Vicidatorum|{{PAGENAME}}]] }}</includeonly> 6p82tijif5h1vs5aqis44bfh98oreq7 4 322505 3971848 3970429 2026-07-13T16:10:43Z MediaWiki message delivery 62628 /* Tech News: 2026-29 */ nova pars 3971848 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__<nowiki />[[Categoria:Vicipaedia]][[Categoria:Fora Vicipaediae|{{PAGENAME}}]]{{Capsa paginae|1= Haec pagina nuntios technicos qui e [[MediaVici]] proveniunt praebet. Vide etiam [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2016|nuntios anni 2016]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2017|nuntios anni 2017]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2018|nuntios anni 2018]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2019|nuntios anni 2019]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2020|nuntios anni 2020]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2021|nuntios anni 2021]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2022|nuntios anni 2022]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2023|nuntios anni 2023]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2024|nuntios anni 2024]] et [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2025|nuntios anni 2025]]. }} == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-03</span> == {{Accepta|Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2025|Tech News: 2026-03|Nuntia ad novum annum mota --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]]}} <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * As part of the current work of Community Tech team on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W372|Multiple watchlists]] project, the display of [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]] will be updated as a first step towards multiple watchlists. Additionally, the pagination on [[Special:Search|Search]] will be updated too, as a part of the work on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W186|Revamp pagination / page navigation]] wish. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411596] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] is a MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that lets you see your watchlists from different wikis on the same page. It was recently updated to look more like the regular [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]], such as preparing it for temporary accounts in IP masking (including rerouting user links to contributions pages), making page titles bold, and opening links in edit summaries and tags in new browser tabs. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398361][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298919][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273526][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T286309] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where global blocks did not have the option to disable sending emails, has now been fixed, and will be available for use in the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401293] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Citation tool|VisualEditor citation tool]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] now support "map" as a reference type. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411083] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.10|MediaWiki]]/[[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:32, 12 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29907192 --> == Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 == {{Accepta|Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2025|Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Nuntium ad novum annum motum --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]]}} Dear Wikimedia communities, We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year. ''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.'' In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects. We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community. 📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]] If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]] * [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]] ''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]''''' ''Stay connected and receive updates:'' * [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel] * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list] We look forward to collaborating with you and your community. '''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:45, 16 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29879549 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> ;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 Dear Wiki Community, We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia. The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects. ;About the Campaign '''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices. ;What Can Participants Write About? Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to: * Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations * Folk dances, music, and traditional performances * Women and queer figures in folklore * Women in mythology and oral traditions * Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives * Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends * Folk games, sports, and cultural practices Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools. ;How to Sign Up as an Organizer Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community: # Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] # Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool # Prepare a local article list and clearly mention: #* Campaign timeline #* Local and international prizes # Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]] # Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]''' ;Campaign Tools The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants: * '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats. * '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]''' ;Learn More & Get Support For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''. If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via: * '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]''' * Email us using details on the contact page. ;Join Us We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia. Thank you and best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]''' ---- ''Stay connected:'' [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> == Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Hello everyone, We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe. ;About Wiki Loves Folklore '''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight: * Folk traditions and rituals * Cultural festivals and celebrations * Traditional attire and crafts * Performing arts, music, and dance * Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world. [[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] ; Host a Local Edition As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to: * Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture * Engage new contributors in your community * Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:''' If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know. If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region. ;Get in Touch If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via: * The project Talk pages * Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org''' We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail. Warm regards, '''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''' </div> [[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 13:21, 18 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=29228188 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The tray shown on [[Special:Diff|Special:Diff]] in mobile view has been redesigned. It is now collapsed by default, and incorporates a link to undo the edit being viewed, making it easier for mobile editors and reviewers to take action while keeping the interface uncluttered. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402297] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now automatically determines the text direction (ensuring correct display of sites with unusual domain names) and shows detailed descriptions for log actions. Later this week, a new permanent link for page creations and CSS classes for each entry element will be added. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T412505][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287929][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262768][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414135] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the previously observed issue in Vector 2022, where anchor link targets were obscured by the sticky header, has now been addressed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406114] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As mentioned in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|October 2025 deprecation announcement]], MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin sunsetting all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the MediaWiki REST API the week of January 26. Changes are expected to roll out to all wikis on or before January 30th. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found, compared, and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox]. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in Phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * Interactive reference documentation for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia REST API|Wikimedia REST API]] has moved. Requests to API docs previously hosted through [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase|RESTBase]] (e.g.: <code dir=ltr>https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/</code>) are now redirected to the [[w:en:Special:RestSandbox|REST Sandbox]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|WMF Wikidata Platform team]] (WDP) has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|January 2026 newsletter]]. It includes updates on the legacy full-graph endpoint decommissioning, the User-Agent policy change, the monthly Blazegraph migration office hours, and efforts to reduce regressions caused by the legacy endpoint shutdown. As a reminder, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/WDP team updates|subscribe to the WDP newsletter]]! * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications opened mid-December and will close soon or when capacity is reached. It's a two-day, technically oriented hackathon bringing together Wikimedians from the region. Hope to see you there! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:29, 19 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29943403 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Annual review of the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 9 February 2026. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> 21:01, 19 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29905753 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia Foundation invites comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Year1 Reflections and Proposed Way Forward 2026 Update|proposed future]] of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] until 28 February. * All users with registered accounts can now use passkeys for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). Passkeys are a simple way to log in without using a second device. They verify the user's identity using a fingerprint, face scan, or a PIN code. To set up a passkey, first set up a regular 2FA method. Currently, to log in with a passkey, users must also use a password. Later this quarter, passwordless login will allow users to log in with a single click and a passkey. Users with advanced rights will also be required to have 2FA enabled. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project. * Unregistered contributors on blocked IPs or blocked IP ranges can now interact on-wiki to appeal a block by creating a temporary account to appeal a block on the user talk page, unless the "prevent this user from editing their own talk page" is enabled. This solves the problem of logged-out users unable to use the default unblock process via user talk page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398673] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) methods description on the management page has been updated. It is now clearer and easier for users to understand and make use of. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332385] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new AbuseFilter variable, <code>account_type</code>, has been added to provide a reliable way to determine the account type being created in the <code>createaccount</code> and <code>autocreateaccount</code> actions. As part of this change, the variable <code>accountname</code> has been renamed to <code>account_name</code>, and <code>accountname</code> is now deprecated. Edit filter managers should update any filters that use hardcoded account type checks or the deprecated variable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414049] * Image thumbnails that are requested in non-standard sizes, and using non-standard methods such as direct requests to <code dir=ltr><nowiki>upload.wikimedia.org/…</nowiki></code> will stop working in the near future. This change is to prevent ongoing external abuse by web-scrapers and bots. Some users with custom CSS/JS, Interface Admins who can fix gadgets and local skins, and Tool-authors, will need to update their code to use standard thumbnail sizes. [[phab:T414805|Details, search-links, and examples of how to fix them, are available in the task]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:17, 26 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29969530 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The "{{int:pageinfo-toolboxlink}}" feature, which gives validating information about a page ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=info}} example]), now automatically includes a table of contents. If there is a local [[{{ns:8}}:Pageinfo-header]] page created by individual users, it can now be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363726] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, VisualEditor previously added bold or italic formatting inside link descriptions, making the wikicode complex. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409669] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * There was no XML dump on 20 January. Additionally, from now on, dumps will be generated once per month only. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414389] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team removed support for all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/API:REST%20API MediaWiki REST API]. All API users currently calling those endpoints are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''Weekly highlight''' * Users are reminded that the Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:43, 2 Februarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30000986 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Logged-in contributors who manage large or complex watchlists can now organise and filter watched pages in ways that improve their workflows with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|Watchlist labels]] feature. By adding custom labels (for example: pages you created, pages being monitored for vandalism, or discussion pages) users can more quickly identify what needs attention, reduce cognitive load, and respond more efficiently. This improves watchlist usability, especially for highly active editors. * A new feature available on [[Special:Contributions|Special:Contributions]] shows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] that are likely operated by the same person, and so makes patrolling less time-consuming. Upon checking contributions of a temporary account, users with access to temporary account IP addresses can now see a view of contributions from the related temporary accounts. The feature looks up all the IPs associated with a given temporary account within the data retention period and shows all the contributions of all temporary accounts that have used these IPs. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts#February 2026: Improvements to the patroller tooling|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415674] * When editors preview a wikitext edit, the reminder box that they are only seeing a preview (which is shown at the top), now has a grey/neutral background instead of a yellow/warning background. This makes it easier to distinguish preview notes from actual warnings (for example, edit conflicts or problematic redirect targets), which will now be shown in separate warning or error boxes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414742] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now properly supports more than one Wikibase site, for example both [[d:|Wikidata]] and [[testwikidata:|testwikidata]]. In addition, issues regarding text direction have been fixed for users who prefer Wikidata or other Wikibase sites in right-to-left (RTL) languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415440][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415458] * The automatic "magic links" for ISBN, RFC, and PMID numbers have been [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic links|deprecated in wikitext since 2021]] due to inflexibility and difficulties with localization. Several wikis have successfully replaced RFC and PMID magic links with equivalent external links, but a template was often required to replace the functionality of the ISBN magic link. There is now a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#isbn|built-in parser function]] <code dir=ltr><nowiki>{{#isbn}}</nowiki></code> available to replace the basic functionality of the ISBN magic link. This makes it easier for wikis who wish to migrate off of the deprecated magic link functionality to do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T145604] * Two new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35401|Jju]] ([[w:kaj:|<code>w:kaj:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413283] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q1186896|Nawat]] ([[w:ppl:|<code>w:ppl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413273] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new global user group has been created: [[{{int:grouppage-local-bot}}|{{int:group-local-bot}}]]. It will be used internally by the software to allow community bots to bypass rate limits that are applied to abusive [[w:en:Web scraping|web scrapers]]. Accounts that are approved as bots on at least one Wikimedia wiki will be automatically added to this group. It will not change what user permissions the bot has. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415588] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Spring 2026|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Spring 2026]] will be held March 25–27 in Salt Lake City, USA. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/AZBWVI46SDEB65PGR5J6E4TYOQQEZXM7/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:29, 9 Februarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30026671 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Team]] will be performing a cleanup of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Etherpad|Etherpad]] instance, the web-based editor for real-time collaborative document editing. All pads will be permanently deleted after 30 April, 2026 – if there are still migration projects in progress at that point the team can revisit the date on a case by case basis. Please create local backups of any content you wish to keep, as deleted data cannot be recovered. This cleanup helps reduce database size and minimize infrastructure footprint. Etherpad will continue to support real-time collaboration, but long-term storage should not be expected. Additional cleanups may occur in the future without prior notice. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415237] '''Updates for editors''' * The Information Retrieval team will be launching an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|Android mobile app experiment]] that tests hybrid search capabilities which can handle both semantic and keyword queries. The improvement of on-platform search will enable readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. The experiment will first be launched on Greek Wikipedia in late February, followed by English, French, and Portuguese in March. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/08/semantic-search-making-it-easier-to-find-the-information-readers-want/ Read more] on Diff blog. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Information_Retrieval] * The Reader Growth team will run [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.10.2 Mobile Table of Contents|an experiment]] for mobile web users, that adds a table of contents and automatically expands all article sections, to learn more about navigation issues they face. The test will be available on Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. * Previously, site notices ([[{{ns:8}}:Sitenotice]] and [[{{ns:8}}:Anonnotice]]) would only render on the desktop site. Now, they will render on all platforms. Users on mobile web will now see these notices and be informed. Site administrators should be prepared to test and fix notices on mobile devices to avoid interference with articles. To opt out, interface admins can add <code dir="ltr">#siteNotice { display: none; }</code> to [[{{ns:8}}:Minerva.css]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138572][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue on [[Special:RecentChanges|Special:RecentChanges]] has been fixed. Previously, clicking hide in the active filters caused the "view new changes since…" button to disappear, though it should have remained visible. The button now behaves as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406339] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * New documentation is now available to help editors debug on-site search features. It supports troubleshooting when pages do not appear in results, when ranking seems unexpected, and when you need to inspect what content is being indexed, helping make search behavior easier to understand and analyze. [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/Debug|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411169] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:16, 16 Februarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30086330 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Reference Check|Reference Check]] has been deployed to English Wikipedia, completing its rollout across all Wikipedias. The feature prompts newcomers to add a citation before publishing new content, helping reduce common citation-related reverts and improve verifiability. In A/B testing, the impact was substantial: newcomers shown Reference Check were approximately 2.2 times more likely to include a reference on desktop and about 17.5 times more likely on mobile web. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/reference_check_ab_test_report_final_2025.html] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:InterwikiSorting|InterwikiSorting extension]], which allowed for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interwiki sorting order|sorting of interwiki links]], has been undeployed from Wikipedia. As a result, editors who had enabled interwiki link sorting in non-compact mode (full list format) will now see links reordered. The links moving forward will be listed in the alphabetical order of language code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253764] * Later this week, people who are editing a page-section using the mobile visual editor, will notice a new "Edit full page" button. When tapped, you will be able to edit the entire article. This helps when the change you want to make is outside the section you initially opened. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409112] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|The Reader Experience team]] is inviting editors to assess whether dark mode should still be considered "beta" on their wiki, based on their experience of how well it functions on desktop and mobile. If the feature is deemed mature, editors can update the interface messages in <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:skin-theme-description</code> and <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Vector-night-mode-beta-tag</code> to indicate that dark mode is ready and no longer considered beta. * The improved [[mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Activity_Tab|Activity tab]] which displays user-insights is now available to all users of the Wikipedia iOS app (version 7.9.0 and later). Following earlier A/B testing that showed higher account creation among users with access to the feature, it has been rolled out to 100% of users along with some updates. The Activity tab now shows your edited articles in the timeline, offers editing impact insights like contribution counts and article view trends, and customization options to improve in-app experience for users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug that prevented [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] from working on mobile has now been fixed, restoring full functionality. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415303] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that makes this possible continues to improve. The latest upgrade is the inclusion of a [[mw:Extension:GlobalWatchlist#hook|new hook]], <code dir=ltr>ext.globalwatchlist.rebuild</code>, which fires after each watchlist rebuild. This allows you to run gadgets and user scripts for the Special page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275159] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:03, 23 Februarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30119102 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikipedia 25 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments|Birthday mode]] is now live on Betawi, Breton, Chinese, Czech, Dutch, English, French, Gorontalo, Indonesian, Italian, Luxembourgish, Madurese, Sicilian, Spanish, Thai, and Vietnamese Wikipedias! This limited-time campaign feature celebrates 25 years of Wikipedia with a birthday mascot, Baby Globe. When turned on, Baby Globe is shown on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments/article configuration|~2,500 articles]], waiting to be discovered by readers. Communities can choose to turn Birthday mode on by getting consensus from their community and asking an admin to enable the feature and customize it via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments#Community Configuration Demo|community configuration]] on the local wiki. '''Updates for editors''' * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to Swedish Wikipedia, Polish Wikipedia and [[:phab:T418209|a couple of other wikis]]. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|try the feature]] on these projects or on testwiki and [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing betawiki]. Learnings from the first pilot wiki German Wikipedia have been [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Learnings|published in a report]]. Reach out to the Wikimedia Deutschland team if you are [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|interested in becoming a pilot wiki]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Paste check|Paste Check]] will become available at all Wikipedias this week. The feature prompts newcomers who are pasting text they are not likely to have written into VisualEditor to consider whether doing so risks a copyright violation. Paste Check [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tags|tags]] all edits where it is shown for potential review. Local administrators can configure various aspects of the feature via [[{{#special:EditChecks}}]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Paste Check#A/B Experiment|Research]] across 22 wikis found that Paste Check resulted in an 18% decrease in relative reverted-edits compared to the control group. Translators can [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-visualeditor-ve-mw-editcheck&filter=&optional=1&action=translate help to localize] this and related features. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] will be standardizing the user menu in the top right for all mobile users so that it is closer to the desktop experience. Currently this user menu is only visible to users with Advanced Mobile Controls (AMC) turned on. The only change is that a couple buttons previously in the left-side menu will move to the top right for users who do not have AMC turned on. This change is expected to go out March 9 and seeks to improve the user interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413912] * Starting in the week of March 2, the emails sent out when an email address was added, removed, or changed for an account will switch to a substantially nicer and clearer HTML email from the prior plaintext one. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410807] * Notifications are currently limited to 2,000 historic entries per user, and extend back to 2013 when the feature was released. This is going to be changed to only store Notifications from the last 5 years, but up to 10,000 of them. This will help with long-term infrastructure health and help to prevent more recent notifications from disappearing too soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page continues to see improvements. The latest update improves label usage experience. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] now allows activating the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback languages|language fallback system]] for Wikidata items without labels in the viewed language, and showing those labels in the user’s preferred Wikidata language if no <code dir=ltr>uselang=</code> URL parameter is provided. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373686][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416111] * The Wikipedia Android team has started a beta test of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|hybrid search]] on Greek Wikipedia. Hybrid search capabilities can handle both semantic and keyword queries enabling readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. * For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Currently, 2FA is required to use the group, but not to be a member of it. Given that this model still has some vulnerabilities, the situation will [[phab:T418580|gradually change in March]]. Members of these groups will be unable to disable last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the second half of March, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. This applies to: CentralNotice administrators, checkusers, interface administrators, suppressors, Wikidata staff, Wikifunctions staff, WMF Office IT and WMF Trust & Safety. Nothing will change for other users. See the linked task for deployment schedule. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418580] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue preventing users from creating an instance in [https://www.wikibase.cloud/ Wikibase.cloud] has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416807] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], over the next month the Wikimedia Foundation will implement global API rate limits across our APIs. In early March, stricter limits will be applied to unidentified requests from outside Toolforge/WMCS and API requests that are made from web browsers. In April, higher limits will be applied to identified traffic. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The Wikidata Query Service Linked Data Fragment (LDF) endpoint will be decommissioned in February. This endpoint served limited traffic, which was successfully migrated to other data access methods that were better suited to support existing use cases. The hardware used to support the LDF endpoint will be reallocated to support the ongoing backend migration efforts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415696] * The new Parsoid parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], improving platform sustainability and making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. Parsoid is now the default parser on 488 WMF wikis (268 Wikipedias), now covering more than 10% of all Wikipedia page views. * The process and criteria for [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise#Access|requesting exceptional access]] to the high volume feed of the ''Wikimedia Enterprise'' APIs (at no cost for mission-aligned usecases), [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Enterprise#Exceptional access criteria|have now been published]]. This is to provide more thorough and clearer documentation for users. * [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/ Tech Blog], the blog dedicated to the Wikimedia technical community [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2026/02/24/a-tech-blog-diff/ will be migrating] to [[diffblog:|Diff]], the community news and event blog. The migration should be complete in April 2026, after which new posts will be accepted for publishing. Readers will be able to access posts – old and new – on the landing page at https://diff.wikimedia.org/techblog. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:51, 2 Martii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30137798 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. * Last week, all wikis had 2 hours of read-only time, and extended unavailability for user-scripts and gadgets. This was due to a security incident which has since been resolved. Work is ongoing to prevent re-occurrences. For current information please see the [[m:Steward's noticeboard#Statement on Meta about today's user script security incident|post on the Stewards' noticeboard]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Product Safety and Integrity/March 2026 User Script Incident|translations]]). '''Updates for editors''' * Users facing multiple blocks on mobile will now see the reasons for each block separately, instead of a generic message. This helps them understand why they are blocked and what steps they can take to resolve the issue. For example, users affected for using common VPNs (such as [[Special:MyLanguage/Apple iCloud Private Relay|iCloud Private Relay]]) will receive clearer guidance on what they need to do to start editing again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357118] * Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] will become available as a beta feature within the visual editor at all Wikipedias. This feature proactively suggests various types of actions that people can consider taking to improve Wikipedia articles, and learn about related guidelines. The feature is locally configurable, and can also be locally expanded with custom Suggestions. Current settings can be seen at [[Special:EditChecks]] and there are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators %E2%80%93 local customization|instructions for how administrators can customize]] the links to point to local guidelines. The feature is connected to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|Edit check]] which suggests improvements while someone is writing new content. In the future, the Editing team plans to evaluate the feature's impact with newcomers through a controlled experiment. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404600] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where the cursor became misaligned during the use of CodeMirror’s syntax highlighting, which makes wikitext and code easier to read, has now been fixed. This problem specifically affected users who defined a font rule in a custom stylesheet while creating a new topic with DiscussionTools. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418793] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * API rate limiting update: To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], global API rate limits will be applied this week to requests without a compliant User-Agent that originate from outside Toolforge/WMCS and to unauthenticated requests made from web browsers. Higher limits will be applied to identified traffic in April. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The new GraphQL API has been released. The API was developed as a flexible alternative to select features of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS), to improve developer experience and foster adaptability, and efficient data access. Try it out and [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL#Feedback and development|give feedback]]. You can also [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/GraphQLAPI/apply sign up for usability tests]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|PTAC Unsupported Tools Working Group]] continued improvements to [[commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons#|Video2Commons]] in February, with fixes addressing authentication errors, large-file handling, task queue visibility, and clearer upload behavior. Work is still ongoing in some areas, including changes related to deprecated server-side uploads. Read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group#February 2026|this update]] to learn more. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Article Guidance team invites experienced Wikipedia editors from selected [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators#Collaborators|pilot wikis]] and interested contributors from other Wikipedias to fill out this questionnaire which is available in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfmLeVWnxmsCbPoI_UF2jyRcn73WRGWCVPHzerXb4Cz97X_Ag/viewform English], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd6rzr4XXQw8r4024fE3geTPFe13M_6w7Mitj-YJi0sOlWTAw/viewform?usp=header Arabic], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdok3-RfB18lcugYTUMGkpwmqG_8p760Wv4dCXitOXOszjUDw/viewform?usp=header Bengali], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfjTfYp4jEo0akA4B1e-Nfg3QZPCudUjhJzHzzDi6AHyAaMGA/viewform?usp=header Japanese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScteVoI29Aue4xc72dekk-6RYtvmMgQxzMI900UOawrFrSTWg/viewform?usp=header Portuguese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSetdxnYwL3ub2vqA7awCg5hJZPMIYcDPaiTe12rY9h0GYnVlw/viewform?usp=header Persian], and [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScNvfJF-Ot-4pzA4qAN771_0QDJ4Li19YcUsaTgSKW8Nc7U_Q/viewform?usp=header Turkish]. Your answers will help the team customize guidance for less experienced editors and help them learn community policies and practices while creating an article. Learn more [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|on the project page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:52, 9 Martii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30213008 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature, also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], has been used for wikitext syntax highlighting since November 2024. It will be promoted out of beta by May 2026 in order to bring improvements and new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Features|features]] to all editors who use the standard syntax highlighter. If you have any questions or concerns about promoting the feature out of beta, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|please share]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Some changes to local user groups are performed by stewards on Meta-Wiki and logged there only. Now, interwiki rights changes will be logged both on Meta-Wiki and the wiki of the target user to make it easier to access a full record of user's rights changes on a local wiki. Past log entries for such changes will be backfilled in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6055] * On wikis using [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flagged Revisions|Flagged Revisions]], the number of pending changes shown on [[{{#Special:PendingChanges}}]] previously counted pages which were no longer pending review, because they have been removed from the system without being reviewed, e.g. due to being deleted, moved to a different namespace, or due to wiki configuration changes. The count will be correct now. On some wikis the number shown will be much smaller than before. There should be no change to the list of pages itself. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413016] * Wikifunctions composition language has been rewritten, resulting in a new version of the language. This change aims to increase service stability by reducing the orchestrator's memory consumption. This rewrite also enables substantial latency reduction, code simplification, and better abstractions, which will open the door to later feature additions. Read more about [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-11|the changes]]. * Users can now sort search results alphabetically by page title. The update gives an additional option to finding pages more easily and quickly. Previously, results could be sorted by Edit date, Creation date, or Relevance. To use the new option, open 'Advanced Search' on the search results page and select 'Alphabetically' under 'Sorting Order'. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403775] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons from importing files from Flickr has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419263] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new special page, [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}]], has been created to list transcluded pages that are flagged as containing lint errors to help users discover them easily. The list is sorted by the number of transclusions with errors. For example: [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}/night-mode-unaware-background-color]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170874] * Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature have been using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages, for some time now. Along with promoting CodeMirror 6 out of beta, the plan is to replace CodeEditor as the standard editor for these content models by May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|Feedback or concerns are welcome]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] JavaScript modules will soon be upgraded to CodeMirror 6. Leading up to the upgrade, loading the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror</code> or <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.lib</code> modules from gadgets and user scripts was deprecated in July 2025. The use of the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.switch</code> hook was also deprecated in March 2025. Contributors can now make their scripts or gadgets compatible with CodeMirror 6. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror#Gadgets and user scripts|migration guide]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373720] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is expanding coverage of REST API module definitions to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API/Extensions|extension APIs]]. REST API modules are groups of related endpoints that can be independently managed and versioned. Modules now exist for [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414470 GrowthExperiments] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419053 Wikifunctions] APIs. As we migrate extension APIs to this structure, documentation will move out of the main MediaWiki OpenAPI spec and REST Sandbox view, and will instead be accessible via module-specific options in the dropdown on the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox] (i.e., [[{{#Special:RestSandbox}}]], available on all wiki projects). * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] extension provides different pieces of information about the wiki where the module is being used via the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|mw.site]] library. Starting last week, the library also provides a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.site.wikiId|way]] of accessing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Wiki ID|wiki ID]] that can be used to facilitate cross-wiki module maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T146616] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|2026 Coolest Tool Award]] celebrating outstanding community tools, is now open for nominations! Nominate your favorite tool using the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/435684?lang=en nomination survey] form by 23 March 2026. For more information on privacy and data handling, please see the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Coolest_Tool_Award_2026_Survey_Privacy_Statement|survey privacy statement]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:35, 16 Martii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30260505 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia site users can now log in without a password using passkeys. This is a secure method supported by fingerprint, facial recognition, or PIN. With this change, all users who opt for passwordless login will find it easier, faster, and more secure to log in to their accounts using any device. The new passkey login option currently appears as an autofill suggestion in the username field. An additional [[phab:T417120|"Log in with passkey" button]] will soon be available for users who have already registered a passkey. This update will improve security and user experience. The [[c:File:Passwordless_login_screencast.webm|screen recording]] demonstrates the passwordless login process step by step. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia site users can now export their notifications older than 5 years using a [[toolforge:echo-chamber|new Toolforge tool]]. This will ensure that users retain their important notifications and avoid them being lost based on the planned change to delete notifications older than 5 years, as previously announced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * Wikipedia editors in Indonesian, Thai, Turkish, and Simple English now have access to Special:PersonalDashboard. This is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Dashboard|early version of an experience]] that introduces newer editors to patrolling workflows, making it easier for them to move from making edits to participating in more advanced moderation work on their project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402647] * The [[Special:Block]] now has two minor interface changes. Administrators can now easily perform indefinite blocks through a dedicated radio button in the expiry section. Also, choosing an indefinite expiry provides a different set of common reasons to select from, which can be changed at: [[MediaWiki:Ipbreason-indef-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401823] * Mobile editors [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#Logged-out|at several wikis]] can now see an improved logged-out edit warning, thanks to the recent updates from the Growth team. These changes released last week are part of ongoing efforts and tests to enhance [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|account creation experience on mobile]] and then increase participation. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408484] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:36}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:36|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented mobile web users from seeing the block information when affected by multiple blocks has been fixed. They can now see messages of all the blocks currently affecting them when they access Wikipedia. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Images built using Toolforge will soon get the upgraded buildpacks version, bringing support for newer language versions and other upstream improvements and fixes. If you use Toolforge Build Service, review the recent [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EMYTA32EV2V5SQ2JIEOD2CL66YFIZEKV/ cloud-announce email] and update your build configuration as necessary to ensure your tools are compatible. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Toolforge/Building_container_images&oldid=2392097#Buildpack_environment_upgrade_process][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380127] * The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal] documentation wiki will shut down in June 2026. API keys created on the API Portal will continue to work normally. api.wikimedia.org endpoints will be deprecated gradually starting in July 2026. Documentation on the API Portal is moving to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is considering improvements to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|automatically generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Please check out the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|proposed solutions]] and participate in the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|request for comment]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:50, 23 Martii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30268305 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Beta version of [[abstract:|Abstract Wikipedia]] a new Wikimedia project which is language-independent, was launched last week. The project allows communities to build Wikipedia articles in their native language, which can be readily accessed by other users in their own languages. The wiki is powered by instructions from Wikifunctions and also based on structured content from Wikidata. [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-26|Read more]]. '''Updates for editors''' * The Growth team is running an A/B test to evaluate a clearer, more user-friendly message that promotes account creation on wikis. Currently when logged-out mobile users begin editing, they see a jarring warning message that can feel abrupt and discouraging. This also presents temporary account editing as the default rather than encouraging account creation. The test is running on ten Wikipedias, including Arabic, French, Spanish and German. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#2. Improve logged-out warning message (T415160)|Read more]]. * The Wikimedia Apps team is inviting feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|how editing should work on the Wikipedia mobile apps]]. The discussion focuses on improving how users access editing tools when they tap "Edit". This is part of a broader effort to convert readers who develop an interest in editing, to access a more user-friendly pathway to start contributing. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:45}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:45|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where citation fetching from the large newspaper archive [https://www.newspapers.com Newspapers.com] was no longer working, due to a block in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|Citoid]] requests, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419903] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:25, 30 Martii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30329462 --> == Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]] {{int:please-translate}} Dear Wikipedians! [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''. The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences. 🧩'''How to participate?''' Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine. 🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''. '''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.''' If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&messages=&language=en&x=D banner] into your own language. Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) == Hello everyone, This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as <code>Module:Itemgroup/list</code>). '''The Change:'''<br /> Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''. '''What You Need To Do:'''<br /> To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search. '''Deadline:'''<br /> We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles. Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 17:11, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29941252 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] now includes a new group goal-setting feature, enabling organizers to set and track event goals such as the number of articles created and participating contributors in real time. Similarly, participants can work toward shared targets and see their collective impact as the event unfolds. The feature is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Learn more in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Collaborative contributions#Goal setting|the documentation]]. * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|watchlist labels]] feature (announced in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Tech News 2026-07]]) is now available via VisualEditor, the source editor, and the 'watchstar' (or watch link, for skins that don't have a star icon). Previously it was only possible to assign labels via [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]]. In all three places it is a new field following the expiry field. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where talk pages on mobile with Parsoid are unusable after empty section headers, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]], which lets editors add details to an existing reference without duplicating it, will be gradually rolled out to [[phab:T414094|more wikis]] later this year. Wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] gadget are encouraged to update their version (typically at [[m:MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js]] as shown [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1344408362 here]) to ensure compatibility. Other reference-related gadgets may also be affected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416304] * All Wikinews editions will be closed and switched to read-only mode on 4 May 2026. Content will remain accessible, but no new edits or articles can be added. This closure was approved by the Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation following extended discussions. [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|Read more]]. * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Action API|Action API]] has had several formats for requested output. One of them, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>format=php</nowiki></code></bdi>, is being removed soon. Please ensure your scripts or bots use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Data formats#Output|JSON format]]. This removal should affect very few scripts and bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T118538] * The [[Special:NamespaceInfo|Special:NamespaceInfo]] page now includes namespace aliases. For example "WP" for the "Project" ("Wikipedia") namespace on the German Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381455] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:18, 6 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30362761 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Experienced editors are invited to [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Main_Page test] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature, designed to help less-experienced editors create well-structured, policy-compliant Wikipedia articles. Testing instructions are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide|available]]. Also, after reviewing [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance the outlines], please provide feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Article guidance|project talk page]]. Based on your input, the feature will be refined and transferred to the pilot Wikipedias to translate and adapt. Check out [[c:File:Article Guidance workflow demo - April 2026.webm|the video]] explaining the feature. '''Updates for editors''' * On most wikis, all autoconfirmed users can now use [[Special:ChangeContentModel|Special:ChangeContentModel]] page to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|create new pages with custom content models]], such as mass message lists, making custom page formats more accessible. Check [[Special:ListGroupRights|Special:ListGroupRights]] for the status of your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248294] * The Growth team has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account_Creation_Experiments|account creation experiment]] to evaluate whether adding an account creation button to the mobile web header increases new account registrations and encourages more mobile users to contribute to the wikis. The experiment is currently live on Hindi, Indonesian, Bengali, Thai, and Hebrew Wikipedia, and targets 10% of logged-out mobile web users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where VisualEditor could get stuck loading on Windows devices with animations turned off, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382856] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting later this week, {{int:group-abusefilter}} who have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature enabled will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] as the editor at [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]]. This is part of the broader effort to make the user experience more consistent across all editors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399673][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Tools and bots that access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications/API|Notifications API]] (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=query&meta=notifications</nowiki></code></bdi>) will need to update their OAuth or BotPassword grants to also include access to private notifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421991] * Due to a library upgrade, listings on category pages may be displayed out of order starting on Monday, 20th April. A migration script will be run to correct this, and will take hours to days depending on the size of the wiki (up to a week for English Wikipedia). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T422544] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:18, 13 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30380527 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * After two years of development, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], is to be promoted out of beta on Tuesday, April 21. It brings better code and wikitext readability, reduction in typing errors, and other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|benefits]] to all users of the standard syntax highlighter. A huge thank you to volunteer [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/p/Bhsd/ Bhsd] who developed many of the new features, including [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Code folding|code folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linting]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * A major update to the Wikipedia app for iOS is now rolling out, redesigning the interface to align with Apple's latest "Liquid Glass" visual design. [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wikipedia/id324715238 Download the latest version] and explore the update. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading lists]] is a feature which allows readers to save articles to a list for reading later. This feature is now in beta on Arabic, French, Indonesian, Vietnamese, and Chinese Wikipedias and by default for all new accounts on all Wikipedias. * An experiment which explores extending [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Page Previews to mobile web]] will be launched in the week of April 20 on Arabic, English, French, Italian, Polish, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. Page Previews are pop-ups that display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and a link to open the full article of a blue link, thereby improving content discovery. The feature is already available on desktop and in the apps. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology#Template|Read more about this experiment and others]]. * On several wikis, logged-in editors who haven't [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email confirmation|confirmed their email addresses]] can now see a banner encouraging them to do so. Having the email address confirmed allows a user to restore access to the account if they lose it. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Encouraging users to confirm their email addresses|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421366] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:15}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:15|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where editing very large wiki pages in the 2017 wikitext editor caused slow loading, preview and scrolling lag, and performance issues when selecting, cutting, or pasting content, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184857] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of the promotion of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] from a beta feature, all users will use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The <code>mirrors.wikimedia.org</code> service for Debian and Ubuntu users will sunset and stop working on May 15. The resources for the service will be replaced with new and better options. Some users may need to switch to a different server which should take about a minute. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LJYRIS4WB66HIRCAO4GIDTXCMDVZRBMA/ You can read more]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416707] * The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> table will be removed from [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|wikireplicas]]. If your tools or queries access <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> directly, please update them to use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>file</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>filerevision</nowiki></code></bdi> table before 28 May. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T28741] * Following the recent implementation of global API rate limits on unidentified traffic, the Wikimedia Foundation will continue efforts to ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]] by applying global limits to identified API traffic beginning the last week of April. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Attribution API|Attribution API]] is now available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Stability policy|beta]]. The API fetches information for crediting Wikimedia articles and media files wherever they are used. Reference documentation is available through the REST Sandbox special page available on all Wikimedia wikis (such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=attribution.v0-beta&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST sandbox on English Wikipedia]). Share your feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Attribution API|project talk page]]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14:59, 20 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30432763 --> == Request for comment (global AI policy) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}} A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 00:58, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30424282 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * There is a change in how new users are autoconfirmed that will improve anti-vandalism protection. Currently, users who have had an account for a few days and made a few edits are automatically added to the [[{{int:grouppage-autoconfirmed/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}}|{{int:group-autoconfirmed}}]] group. This configuration tends to be exploited by some vandals, who create accounts and start to use them only after some time. To mitigate this, the configuration will be updated next week so that – for the purpose of becoming autoconfirmed – the account age will be counted from their first edit, instead of registration date. The numeric value of the age threshold will remain the same. This change will be deployed only to wikis which require at least one edit as part of the autoconfirmation conditions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418484] * All Wikipedia users with new accounts and those who activated the "automatically enable most beta features" option in their preference can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|reading lists]] beta feature to save articles for later reading. This helps organize reading interests in one place for convenient access. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where infobox images have huge padding in Firefox, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423676] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As a reminder, the global API rate limits will be applied this week to identified API traffic. This is to help ensure [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]]. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, including the actual rate limits, see [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:05, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30458046 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] team invites experienced editors of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators|pilot Wikipedias]]—Arabic, Bangla, Japanese, Portuguese, Persian, Turkish, Simple English, Spanish, and French—to help translate and adapt [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance sample outlines]. These outlines will guide editors in creating clear, well-structured, and policy-compliant articles when using [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Special:NewArticle the feature] once it is launched in May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|Simple instructions]] on how to translate and adapt the outlines are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] has published [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|draft recommendations]] on a model that affiliates can follow when contributing to the technical space. Community members are invited to provide feedback on the recommendation until May 8th [[:m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|on the talk page]]. * The number of available thumbnail size preferences in MediaWiki is being reduced to three standardized options—Small (180px), Regular (250px), and Large (400px), as part of ongoing efforts to improve performance and reduce strain on thumbnail services. As a result, existing preferences will be mapped to the nearest new size (for example, smaller selections like 120px or 150px will render at 180px, while larger ones like 300px or 360px will render at 400px). The preferences interface will soon be updated to reflect these changes, and users who wish to opt out or provide feedback can do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424909] * From now on, even when a permission expires automatically, users will receive an Echo notification similar to the standard notification for permission changes. There is a difference between this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]] in that the latter reminds users a week ''before'' the rights are due to expire, so that they can renew the rights. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the problem where the ULS language selector in [[m:Special:Translate|Special:Translate]] would scroll vertically when it shouldn't, has been resolved. Previously, when users opened the "Translate to English" dropdown and typed certain inputs, the dialog would scroll vertically by a few pixels even when there was enough space to display all results. The dropdown no longer shifts unnecessarily when filtering languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358864] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]], which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page, continues to improve. For example, watchlists for Wikibase sites such as [[:d:|Wikidata]] now support [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:EntitySchema|EntitySchema]] elements for better tracking. The Live Updates mode now refreshes the special page every 60 seconds to comply with the updated [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] for improved real-time responsiveness. Additionally, a directionality bug that displayed links as "changes 3" instead of "3 changes" in mixed-direction lists has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415450][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424422][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418091] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The second phase of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] has been rolled out to reduce the [[diffblog:2026/03/26/quo-vadis-crawlers-progress-and-whats-next-on-safeguarding-our-infrastructure/|impact of AI crawlers]] and ensure fair, sustainable access to Wikimedia resources, prioritising human and mission-aligned traffic. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits#Limits|Limits]] have been shifted from per-hour to per-minute, producing smoother traffic patterns and more predictable API load. Community users are not expected to be affected, and no action is required. Early indications show some User-Agent-based requestors are adjusting behaviour, and around 64% of automated API traffic has been identified. Monitoring continues, and Wikimedia Enterprise remains available for commercial support. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:42, 4 Maii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30498077 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Community Tech has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/How to write a good wish|new guidance]] explaining how wishes on Community Wishlist are triaged and prioritized. The documentation is intended to help contributors write stronger proposals by clarifying the factors that influence prioritization decisions. Beyond vote counts, the guidance highlights considerations such as potential impact on the community when determining which wishes move forward. '''Updates for editors''' * The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment to test a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Share_Card|Share Card feature]] that allows readers to create visually engaging cards from Wikipedia articles or selected article sections and share them online, with each card linking back to the original article to help expand readership and article discovery. The mobile-only A/B test will be available to a portion of readers on Arabic, Chinese, French, Vietnamese, and English Wikipedia to better understand reading and sharing habits, and is scheduled to begin the week of May 18 and run for four weeks. * The Android and iOS Wikipedia apps recently released the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/25th_Birthday_Reading_Challenge|25-day reading challenge]] into Beta, as part of efforts to drive reader engagement by encouraging users to complete reading milestones. To track their reading streak during the challenge, App users can add a widget featuring Baby Globe to their home screen. The challenge officially begins May 11. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:17}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:17|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the global preference for enabling syntax highlighting in wikitext could unexpectedly disable itself after being turned on, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425286] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader module <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.ui.input</nowiki></code></bdi>, deprecated since [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|September 2023]], will be removed this week. There is a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:20, 11 Maii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30524429 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Abstract Wikipedia team has identified five potential pilot wikis to assess their interest in adopting abstract articles on their wikis. The pilots are Malayalam, Bengali, Dagbani, Arabic, and Indonesian Wikipedia. The feedback period will be open until May 22. If your community is interested in becoming a pilot, [[m:Talk:Abstract Wikipedia|let us know on Meta]]. '''Updates for editors''' * An experiment to show [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]] to logged-out readers on mobile web will launch on May 18 across German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu Wikipedias, and will run for one month. The effort supports broader goals of helping readers save and organize articles for later reading, while encouraging habits that could lead to future Wikipedia contributions. * To support a bookmark button in the Reading List beta feature, the "Tools > Action" menu has been updated to display icons, including the watch star indicator that helps editors identify temporarily watched articles. The icons now also match those used on mobile, improving consistency across platforms. The change is currently limited to the actions menu and mainly affects editors with privileged user rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T426008] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] was released as an [[w:en:A/B test|A/B test]] for newcomer editors on the mobile website at [[phab:T421189|~15 Wikipedias]]. The experiment will measure the impact that Suggestion Mode has on the proportion of newcomer mobile web edit sessions that result in constructive (un-reverted) article edits. The experiment will also evaluate the feature's impact on editor retention, and monitor changes in revert and block rates. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue in the Wikipedia Android app where images could sometimes fail to load after opening a recommended reading list notification, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418231] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|Wikidata Platform team]] has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/Backend Replacement|backend replacement recommendation]] and accompanying [[wikitech:Wikidata Query Service/WDQS Architecture re-design|technical architecture]] for the migration of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) away from Blazegraph. Feedback is invited until May 25th 2026, especially on potential gaps and impacts on advanced use cases. Wikidata community members and WDQS users are also encouraged to help identify high-impact tools and workflows that may need attention on [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/High-Impact Use Cases|this page]]. Feedback can be shared on the [[d:Wikidata talk:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update|Migration talk page]] or during the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Blazegraph Migration Office Hours|next office hour]]. See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|WDP team newsletter]] for more details. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * On English, French, Japanese, and a few other Wikipedias, there was a [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|trial of hCaptcha]], a third-party bot detection service. The trial showed that hCaptcha effectively detects and deters some bad-faith automated activity, on its own and by giving [[w:en:Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)/Archive 225#Introducing SuggestedInvestigations|checkusers and stewards]] signals to look into. Because the results were positive, hCaptcha will be rolled out across all wikis over the next few weeks. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|See the hCaptcha project page]] for technical information about the implementation and privacy protections. [[diffblog:2026/05/04/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha-part-2/|Learn more]]. * The latest Community Tech update is now available, with progress across several Community Wishlist initiatives, including Reading Lists expansion from the mobile app to the website, new language support for "Who Wrote That" and the Personal Dashboard, improvements to 3D rendering and Charts, and upcoming work on talk page sorting, audio playback, and editing workflows. The update also shares current priorities, wishlist status trends, and opportunities for community feedback on future focus areas and the Wikimedia Foundation’s 2026–2027 Annual Plan. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 13, 2026: Latest updates from the Community Tech team|Read the full newsletter for details]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:21, 18 Maii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30539262 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Following a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#LOWM|successful account creation experiment]], an improved logged-out edit warning message will be deployed to all Wikimedia wikis in the first week of June. The change will only affect logged-out users on mobile web who open an editing session. The updated experience is designed to encourage account creation more clearly, while still allowing users to edit with temporary accounts. Results from the experiment showed a significant increase in account creation, with a 27% relative lift among users shown the updated message. As expected, as more people funnel into account creation, temporary accounts decreased by a relative 16%. The experiment did not show any significant changes in constructive edit rates or other monitored contributor metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424595] '''Updates for editors''' * For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Members of these groups will be unable to disable the last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the next few weeks, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. Notably, this applies to bureaucrats. See the linked tasks for deployment schedules. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423119][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423120] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] will run an [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] on [[:phab:T415904|10 wikis]], testing [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/Reference Previews|potential improvements for Reference Previews]]. The experiment will run for ~2 weeks at the end of May / beginning of June and will affect 10% of desktop readers on the participating wikis. * After two successful experiments, the Reader Growth team is rolling out an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature for all Wikipedias on mobile on May 25. This means that anyone who has all beta features on by default will start to see this feature, and others can check the box to turn it on in their preferences. The beta feature will include a carousel of all an article's images at the top of the article, with controls for editors to [[mw:Readers/Reader_Growth/Image_Browsing#Phase_2.1_beta_feature|exclude images from the article's carousel or to exclude an article from the feature entirely]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, three dimensional STL files were being rendered incorrectly by the media viewer 3D extension which is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416723] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The legacy CSS classes <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tright</nowiki></code></bdi> have been replaced with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> as the former do not work consistently across all MediaWiki platforms, notably mobile web and mobile apps. Projects relying on these classes are encouraged to review related usage and plan for migration. Please note that <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> may also be deprecated in future, although there are currently no plans to do so. [[phab:T426452|Read more]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:51, 25 Maii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30584502 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Vote now in the 2026 U4C election</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2026 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|2026 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 2 June 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC]. Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 14 June 2026. -- In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17:14, 27 Maii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is conducting an experiment to show the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|reading lists]] feature, which is still in development, to logged-out mobile readers to test whether it encourages account creation at a higher rate compared to the watchstar button. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists#Experiment timeline|experiment]] was launched on May 18th on German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu wikis, and it will run for a month. * The Wikimedia Apps team released [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|Phase 1]] of the redesigned Home Feed to the Android Beta app. The new Home Feed includes a refreshed "Community" tab and a personalized "For You" tab featuring daily updated reading recommendations. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve content discovery and create more engaging learning experiences in the Wikipedia apps. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where images could fail to load for some suggested edits on [[w:Special:Homepage|Special:Homepage]], leaving the thumbnail stuck in a loading state, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424048] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:08, 1 Iunii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30613639 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia Enterprise has increased the free usage limits for its API offerings. The monthly request limit for the On-demand API has increased from 5,000 to 50,000 requests, while the Snapshot API limit has increased from 15 to 30 requests per month. In addition, Structured Contents snapshots are now available for free accounts. These changes expand access to Wikimedia Enterprise data for developers, researchers, and organizations using Wikimedia content. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|refreshed Explore Feed]], now called the Home Feed, is rolling out to 50% of users of the Wikipedia Android app. The Home Feed helps readers discover relevant content through two new tabs: ''Community'' and ''For You''. The Community tab provides a scrollable feed of curated content and updates from the broader Wikimedia community and movement, while the ''For You'' tab offers a full-screen, swipeable experience that shows content tailored to a user's interests. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve discovery and enhance the learning experience in the Wikipedia app. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/"Which came first?" Game|Which came first?]] daily trivia game is now available in the beta version of the Wikipedia iOS app in English, German, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish. The game uses historical events from Wikipedia's "On This Day" content and challenges readers to guess which of two events happened first. The game was previously released on Android. Communities interested in making the game available in their languages can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Games#Game availability by language|read the instructions and requirements]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details, will begin rolling out to Wikimedia wikis following a successful pilot phase. Deployment will start on 8 June for most [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Wednesday|Group 1 wikis]] and French Wikipedia, with additional Wikipedia language editions receiving the feature over the coming months. Communities are encouraged to prepare by checking for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-cite&language=en&action_source=search&filter=%21translated&optional=1&action=translate untranslated Cite extension messages] in their language and reviewing any use of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]], which may require [[:phab:T416304#11668731|updates]] to support the new functionality. Wikis using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] do not need to take any action. Communities may also wish to create the ''cite-tracking-category-ref-details'' [[Special:TrackingCategories|tracking category]] as a hidden category using <code><nowiki>__HIDDENCAT__</nowiki></code> (or a dedicated template), and connect it to the corresponding Wikidata item [[d:Q129764848]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425662] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews#Experimentation|Page Previews experiment]] on mobile web has concluded. The team decided not to roll out the feature after the results showed no statistically significant impact on reader retention, as the primary success metric was retention improvement. Page Previews, which are already available on desktop and in the apps, display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and link to the full article when readers tap a blue link. The experiment tested this experience on mobile web across six Wikipedias. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Design/Icons|user interface icon library]] will be [[phab:T399175|updated later this week or next week]]. Most of the ~300 icons have been slightly refined and ~30 new icons have been added. These changes improve the icons to make them more consistent and comprehensible, and provide more visual balance when they are used in groups. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector|Universal Language Selector]] (ULS) interface in MediaWiki, which helps users select content in other languages, has been updated. The new version improves speed and accessibility, and users of Wikimedia projects can now pin languages for quicker language switching. The deployment to Wikimedia sites will happen gradually in the coming weeks. You can test it now as a beta feature by selecting [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features]] in your profile preferences and share your feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector/New ULS|the project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the Pageviews Analysis dashboard on pageviews.wmcloud.org stopped updating graph data in May 2026, affecting all users, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The function signature for <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> has been simplified. Developers can now pass a configuration object instead of a list of positional parameters when creating portlet links. The previous function signature remains supported for backwards compatibility. For example, instead of: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', '#', 'Stub', 'ca-stubtag', 'Add a stub tag to this page');</nowiki></code></bdi> use <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', { href: '#', text: 'Stub', id: 'ca-stubtag', tooltip: 'Add a stub tag to this page' });</nowiki></code></bdi>. Script maintainers are encouraged to review existing uses of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> and update them where appropriate. This change will be available on all wikis from 11 June. Thanks to community volunteer Gerges for contributing this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427945] * '''Community Wishlist discussion''': Product & Technology [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 20, 2026: Community Tech becomes a program|introduced changes]] meant to increase the number and complexity of wishes fulfilled, including the disbanding of the Community Tech team. They are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|engaging in discussions]] about a [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist#Proposed direction for Wishlist|proposed direction for the wishlist]] from community members. Includes ways to structure annual voting, better tracking of wishes, removing focus areas, and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|staffing updates]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:29, 8 Iunii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30650573 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Reader Growth team]] has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature on the mobile web version of all Wikipedias. The feature shows an image carousel at the top of articles with 3 or more images. Editors can configure this feature with the following controls: to hide a specific image from a page, either use <code>class=notpageimage</code> excluding it from thumbnail previews, or <code>class=noviewer</code> excluding it from MediaViewer. The carousel can also be disabled from a page entirely, with the magic word <code><nowiki>__NOMEDIAVIEWERCAROUSEL__</nowiki></code>. To submit feedback or flag bugs, please visit the [[mw:Talk:Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|project page]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Tables#class="wikitable"|Wikitables]] can now be [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Sortable tables#Forcing the initial sort direction|sorted in descending order]] on the first click by adding <code dir=ltr>data-sort-order="desc"</code> to the header cell. Previously, by default, clicking a column header for the first time sorts it in ascending order. This addition to a Wikitable gives it more control and flexibility, while the default behavior for subsequent clicks remains unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398416] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature is currently being tested with some editors creating new articles on the Simple English, French, and Turkish Wikipedias. The experiment will soon begin on the Arabic and Bangla Wikipedias as well. [[w:simple:Special:NewArticle|This feature]] gives editors community-curated guidance to help them create articles that follow community standards. Experienced editors can continue creating or adapting outlines for specific article types that are commonly created by less experienced contributors. The outlines guide less experienced editors in creating high-quality articles. A quick guide to markups used in outlines can be found on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide#Markups in outlines|this page]]. [[w:simple:Wikipedia:Article Guidance|Example outlines]] that can be adapted and instructions for how to adapt them are on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|this section]] of the project page. * Wikis that wish to replace the "indefinitely" button in Special:Block for temporary accounts (for example, wikis that block temporary users only until account expiration) will be able to do so by creating [[MediaWiki:ipb-indefinite-expiry-temporary-account]] with the block duration they want. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:41}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:41|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * By the end of June, a valid user-agent string will be required for automated dumps downloads from the dumps.wikimedia.org website. Automated requests that provide a generic or empty user-agent will be blocked. This [[phab:T400119|extends enforcement]] of the long standing [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|user-agent policy]]. Access to dumps through Wikimedia Cloud Services will not change. * The roll out of global [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|API rate limits]] is now complete, with limits enforced across all APIs and at the documented levels for all groups. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki remain exempt. All bots should continue to follow the documented best practices to avoid being rate limited. * The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal wiki] will be read only starting this week (June 15-18). The following week (June 22-25), all API Portal wiki URLs will redirect to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|Wikimedia APIs on mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * On June 17th at 6pm UTC the WMF will be holding Discord call focused on a code review. We've heard through the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Developer Satisfaction Survey/2026|Developer Satisfaction Survey]] that volunteers are struggling with code review and we'd like to discuss these experiences with the goal of surfacing workable solutions. You can join the call [https://discord.gg/wikipedia?event=1514727511102062664 via the Wikimedia Community Discord server]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Conferencia Wikimedia de América Latina 2026|Latin American Wikimedia Conference]] will host a regional hackathon that will bring together the Wikimedia movement’s technical community including developers, system administrators, data scientists, and users with extended rights. Interested technical contributors can [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf4osJzTHBJjQbYJk7TMVEJjTEQv7IgtsUDfP-o-qTgeRQQxw/viewform apply for a scholarship] to participate until June 21 at midnight (Bolivia time, UTC-4). * Sign up for Wikimania Team Challenges to join this special event. The Team challenges will take place online and in person from July 21 to 22, before Wikimania conference. Everyone is welcome, regardless of skills or Wikimania registration. Teams will work on 10 important challenges supporting the Wikimedia community. For details, visit [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Team challenges|the Team Challenges page]] and [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/teamchallenges/ register there]. Registration closes on June 20th at 11pm UTC. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:48, 15 Iunii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30689604 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth features]] are [[phab:T418115|now available at Wikidata]]. This update enables access to Mentorship ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|if configured]]), Impact module, the Help Panel, and a simplified Newcomer Homepage (without Suggested Edits). Wikidata administrators are still configuring the features through Community Configuration. '''Updates for editors''' * The special page [[{{#special:RangeCalculator}}]] has been created. It allows users to find an IP range without needing to rely on external tools. Until now, this tool was only available to CheckUsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T268429] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]] is a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details. It will be deployed to most small and medium-sized Wikipedia language versions on June 23. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#deployment|FAQ]] lists possible actions to take on your wiki to support the deployment. Check the [[:phab:T414094|rollout plan]] for the next deployment steps. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428902] * Starting next week, users will get a notification when they are blocked or unblocked from editing, or if this block changes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100974] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting next week, abuse filters that are set to "require CAPTCHA verification" will begin to also affect users with the <code>skipcaptcha</code> right, which includes most autoconfirmed users. Bots are exempted. This change only affects edits that trigger an abuse filter. The <code>skipcaptcha</code> right will continue to exempt users from having to solve CAPTCHAs in the ordinary course of using the wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402595] * Reference documentation for the [[wikitech:Machine_Learning/LiftWing/API|Lift Wing API]] has moved from the API Portal to the interactive [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?api=lift-wing&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox]. * The API Portal wiki is now closed. For API documentation, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_APIs|Wikimedia APIs on mediawiki.org]]. All API Portal wiki URLs (https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/) will redirect to the mediawiki.org page starting June 22. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427537] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Join an online call on 25 June at 2:30pm UTC to meet the current Wikimedia interns for [[mw:Google_Summer_of_Code/2026|Google Summer of Code]] and [[mw:Outreachy/Round_32|Outreachy]]. Interns will provide an overview of their projects and a brief demo of their work so far. Attendees are encouraged to [[mw:event:Google_Summer_of_Code/Summer_2026_June_Internship_open_session|share ideas and connections in their community]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 13:04, 23 Iunii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30722494 --> == RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this message to your language. You are invited to participate in a [[c:Commons:Requests for comment/Policy update for AI content|request for comment on Wikimedia Commons about a policy update for AI content]]. This may affect files that are uploaded to Wikimedia Commons for use on this project. Thank you. [[m:User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[m:User talk:Codename Noreste|disputatio]])</bdi> 17:11, 23 Iunii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Deployment of Legal and Safety Contacts Link in the Footer of Your Wiki</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="Message"/> '''Legal & Safety Contacts''' Hello community, the Wikimedia Foundation has provided a [[wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contact Information|single legal and safety contact page]], to be linked in the footer of your wiki, to ensure access to accurate legal information. This is a regulatory requirement. We have already rolled out links to English, German, Italian, Spanish and other wikis and we will deploy to your wiki soon. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contacts_FAQ|Please read more on the project page]] and leave any comments in this thread or on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contacts FAQ|talk page]]. <section end="Message"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:29, 25 Iunii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=30731267 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Account Creation Experiments]], the Growth team tested adding a user account icon in the mobile web header for logged-out users, providing direct access to "Create account" and "Log in" actions. The experiment increased account creation by about 20% without negatively affecting edit quality or constructive edit rates. The feature will now be rolled out to all Wikimedia Foundation wikis on mobile web in the first week of July. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428220] * After a [[phab:T426248|successful experiment]], logged-in users who did not [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation|confirm their email address]] when their account was created see a new banner asking them to complete that process. This helps reduce the risk that users get locked out of their account, and makes account email addresses overall more reliable. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428292] * An update to [[Special:Search|Search]] is refining how the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> behaves when used to exclude results. Previously, using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> with negation could unintentionally broaden search results by adding the namespaces included in the search scope, leading to confusing behavior for users expecting a straightforward exclusion filter. With the update, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> will now strictly exclude matching page titles as intended and may display a warning if the relevant namespace has not been explicitly selected. The behavior of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> without negation however remains unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427443] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where reviewers using the Page Curation toolbar were not automatically subscribed to talk page discussions they started has now been fixed. Reviewers will now receive notifications when someone replies to those discussions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329346] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting June 29th, automated downloads from the dumps.wikimedia.org website will be subject to the [[Foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|user-agent policy]]. Automated requests that provide a generic or empty user-agent will be blocked. Access to dumps through Wikimedia Cloud Services remains unaffected. This is a follow up to the announcement made in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|2026/25 issue of Tech News]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.9|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 11:47, 29 Iunii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30744833 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/28|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the search bar results on Wikidata, showed English results instead of using the correct language fallback for users of language variants, has now been fixed. Search suggestions will now follow the expected language fallback chain. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429769] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * In preparation for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Celebrate Women|Celebrate Women campaign]] planned for March 2027, the Wikimedia Foundation’s [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Advancement/Community Growth/Content Enablement|Content Enablement team]] has launched a 22-question survey to better understand technical contributions by women+ (anyone who identifies as a woman) across Wikimedia projects. The survey takes approximately 15–20 minutes to complete and will remain open until 20 July 2026. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Celebrate Women/Technical contributions survey|questions]] are also available on-wiki for review in advance. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Score|Score extension]] now supports rendering music scores as SVG images in addition to PNG, addressing a long-standing [[:phab:T49578|feature request]] and resolving historical image quality issues. Both formats are now provided to clients, with PNG in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>src</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute and SVG in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>srcset</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute. * The new [[wikitech:Parsoid|Parsoid]] parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. It was enabled on French Wikipedia, bringing total progress to covering 78.9% of Wikipedia page views. Rollout to English Wikipedia desktop will progress through this week. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.10|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Hackathon 2026 [[diffblog:2026/06/29/wikimedia-hackathon-2026-building-collaborating-and-shaping-the-future-together/|recap blog post]] is now live. It highlights the projects, sessions, and social activities from this year’s event, and shares initial plans for the 2027 Wikimedia Hackathon. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 13:56, 6 Iulii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30773578 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/29|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise_Tone|Revise Tone]] helps newcomers identify passages in Wikipedia articles that may contain non-encyclopedic language and encourages them to consider revising the tone. The feature was [[w:en:A/B_testing|A/B tested]] on the Arabic, English, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias, where newcomer task completion rates [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise_Tone#Experiment_Results|increased by 38.7%]] compared to the default Copyedit task, with no decrease in edit quality. The test ended on July 9, and the feature is now available for everyone on these wikis, configurable via Community Configuration. [[phab:T426364|The plan]] is to release Revise Tone to more wikis. * The community configuration that allows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship#Automated mentor list cleanup|automatic removal of inactive mentors]] based on configurable criteria will be enabled on Thursday 16, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Deployment|on some wikis]] to keep mentor lists up to date. Mentors are experienced contributors who opt in to help new users on-wiki through the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth Features]]. Administrators can now prepare the settings via [[w:Special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship|Special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship]]; they will take effect starting Thursday. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:38}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:38|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where some users of the Wikipedia Android app were logged out immediately after signing in, preventing them from staying logged in and editing pages, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316916] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editing a page via user scripts or gadgets was causing watchlist labels that the user had assigned to that page to reset. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423778] * To work around a Safari bug (see [[phab:T425211]]), on Parsoid-enabled wikis, wikilink hrefs now use absolute urls instead of protocol-relative urls. REST API output remains unchanged and continue to use protocol-relative urls. Gadgets, user scripts, bots, and CSS might need to be adapted if they relied on the presence of protocol-relative urls in wikilink hrefs. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T431358] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Foundation’s Experiment Platform Team has published a blog post reflecting on its first year of structured experimentation. It highlights successful experiments such as Paste Check, Reference Check, and Tone Check, which improved editing outcomes and have been rolled out to more users, as well as experiments that did not lead to product changes. [[diffblog:2026/07/07/moving-the-needle-how-we-test-new-ideas-across-wikimedia-projects|Read more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:10, 13 Iulii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30804401 --> jjwiel7uqodpyspxwe86dk2z817lfcv 10 324103 3971906 3951419 2026-07-14T00:29:58Z Grufo 64423 Syntaxis moduli mutata est 3971906 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{safesubst:<noinclude />P{{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{1|}}}|1|2}}|{{{2|}}}|{{safesubst:<noinclude />P{{safesubst:<noinclude />Si in substitutione|1|2}}|<noinclude />{<noinclude />{<noinclude />safesubst:<noinclude />Caduca aut perennia{{safesubst:<noinclude />#invoke:params| excluding_non-numeric_names| clearing| cutting|0|-3| mapping_by_replacing|{{safesubst:<noinclude />!}}|<noinclude />{<noinclude />{<noinclude />safesubst:<noinclude />!<noinclude />}<noinclude />}<noinclude />|plain| mapping_by_replacing|{{safesubst:<noinclude />=}}|<noinclude />{<noinclude />{<noinclude />safesubst:<noinclude />{{safesubst:<noinclude />=}}<noinclude />}<noinclude />}<noinclude />|plain| filling_the_gaps|| setting|hi|{{safesubst:<noinclude />!}}| list_values }}<noinclude />}<noinclude />}<noinclude />|{{{3|}}}}}}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentatio}}</noinclude> pjh5yr2qv0anpt0bpexxnzeop1312lc 0 324389 3971855 3971438 2026-07-13T16:29:15Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Descriptio */ 3971855 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}} {{Carmen Carminum Buranorum | titulus = | imago = | descriptio = | categoria = | numerus = | auctor = | argumenta = | tempus = | lingua = | contextus = | praecedens = | sequens = }} {{lres|Doctrinae verba paucis}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero XXXVIII reperitur.<ref name="de-ammonitione-prelatorum-33-45">{{Opus | titulus = De ammonitione prelatorum 33-45 | url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cmo4.html }}.</ref> == Textus == {{Versus numerati| Doctrine verba paucis prosunt sine factis. Eloquium sanctum pretiosum fit super aurum. Expers doctrine tenebras patietur ubique. Est quasi vas vacuum, cui cura deest animarum.<ref name="de-ammonitione-prelatorum-33-45"/> }} == Descriptio == Hoc carmen, [[Othlo Ratisbonensis|Othloni Ratisbonensi]] attributum, in sectione carminum moralium positum, momentum nexis inter [[doctrina|doctrinam]] et actionem (seu facta) extollit. Auctor monet verba eruditionis parvi momenti esse nisi cum operibus iungantur, et sanctum eloquium rebus mundanis pretiosius esse declarat.<ref name="de-ammonitione-prelatorum-33-45"/> In versibus posterioribus, ignorantia seu carentia doctrinae cum tenebris comparatur, quae hominem ubique sequuntur. Denique is qui curam animarum neglegit assimilatur vasi vacuo, significationem [[Spiritualitas|spiritualem]] et moralem amittens.<ref name="de-ammonitione-prelatorum-33-45"/> == Notae == {{reflist}} == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Lehtonen, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen = Lehtonen | nomen = Thomas Martinus Samuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Fortuna, Money, and the Sublunar World: Eleventh-century Ethical Thought as a Paradigm for Late Medieval Moral Philosophy | annus = 1995 | lingua = en | locus = [[Helsingia (Finnia)|Helsingiae]] | domus editoria = [[Societas Litterarum Finnicarum]] | isbn = 978-951-717-846-4 }} }} {{Carmina Burana}} [[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] qta0bzfidwchfzvii6yxs9xjqjz91wl 0 325503 3971811 3971740 2026-07-13T13:31:21Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3971811 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in Saxony.svg|thumb|550px|Urbes et communia [[Saxonia]]e (Kalendis Ianuariis anni 2023).]] '''Index [[urbs|urbium]] et [[commune|communium]] in [[Saxonia]]''' omnes sedes in [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|Civitate Foederata Libera]] Saxoniae recenset. [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|Civitas Foederata Libera]] [[Germania|Germanica]] [[Saxonia]], e [[1 Ianuarii|Kalendis Ianuariis]] anni [[2023]], ex universis 418 sedibus politice sui iuris constat. Quae ita distribuuntur: * 169 urbes ([[Theodisce]] ''Städte''), quarum: ** tres [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli urbani]] (Theodisce ''kreisfreie Städte''), inter quas [[Caput (urbs)|caput]] [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terrae foederalis]] [[Dresda]] est; ** 166 urbes magnae [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiectae (Theodisce ''kreisangehörige Städte''); * 249 communium circulo subiecta. 158 sedes, quarum 48 urbes, ad negotia administrationis suae gerenda in 64 consociationes administrativas (Theodisce ''Verwaltungsgemeinschaften'') et 21 communia in sex foedera administrativa (Theodisce ''Verwaltungsverbände'') coierunt. Die [[3 Octobris]] anni [[1990]] adhuc 1626 sedes exstabant. Quarum numerus, ex illo tempore, ad circiter quartam partem imminutus est.<ref name="Entwicklung">''Entwicklung der Verwaltungsgliederung des Freistaates Sachsen'' (Theodisce). Ab Officio Statistico Regionalis Liberae Civitatis Saxoniae, die 4 Ianuarii 2021.</ref> Index sequens omnes sedes Saxoniae politice sui iuris sub nominibus officialibus recenset. Ad latus nominis Latini cuiusque sedis apparet etiam nomen officiale [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] atque [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabicum]] atque, si quod exstat, nomen in aliis linguis regionalibus. Si sedes est [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] (Theodisce ''kreisfreie Städte''), urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta (Theodisce ''Große Kreisstadt''), aut simpliciter urbs, id quoque indicatur; non autem si sedes tantum commune est: ==== A ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Abbatis Villa (Saxonia)|Abbatis Villa]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz II 1865">Beyer, H., Eltester, L., & Goerz, A. (1865). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der jetzt die preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien und angrenzenden kaiserlichen Diözesen'' (Vol. 2). J. Hölscher.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Oppach'' et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wopaka''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Uppach'')</small> * [[Acer (Saxonia)|Acer]]<ref name="OGdW 1851"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Ohorn'')</small> * [[Adorfium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Adorf/Vogtl.'' seu ''Adorf/Vogtland''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Adorf'')</small> * [[Aerimontium]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Arzberg''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Arzberg'')</small> * [[Alberti Indago]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Olbernhau'')</small> * [[Alberti Villa]]<ref name="Stenzel XIV 1854"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Olbersdorf'')</small> * [[Alnetulum]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Elterlein''; [[Metalliferomontane]] ''Alterle'')</small> * [[Alnetum (Saxonia)|Alnetum]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bad Elster'')</small> * [[Alta Dubrava]]<ref name="Jecht 1896"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hohendubrau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wysoka Dubrawa'')</small> * [[Alta Ecclesia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hochkirch''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bukecy'')</small> * [[Alta Villa (Saxonia)|Alta Villa]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hohndorf'')</small> * [[Alticollum]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hohnstein'')</small> * [[Alticollum-Vallis Ernesti]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/><ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hohenstein-Ernstthal'')</small> * [[Amnis Castorum et Villa Giselberti]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bobritzsch-Hilbersdorf'')</small> * [[Amnis Clarus et Bernardi]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lauter-Bernsbach'')</small> * [[Amnis Veprium]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Brambach''; [[Varisce]] ''Brambich'')</small> * [[Angulus Pulcher (Saxonia)|Angulus Pulcher]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schöneck/Vogtl.'' seu ''Schöneck/Vogtland''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Schöneck'')</small> * [[Annaberga-Buchholzia]]<ref name="Egli 1893">Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Annaberg-Buchholz'')</small> * [[Antiqua Mitweida]]<ref name="IfSGuV 2008">Institut für Sächsische Geschichte und Volkskunde (2008). ''Altmittweida (antiqua Miteweide)''. Historisches Ortsverzeichnis von Sachsen [HOV]. </ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Altmittweida'')</small> * [[Antiquus Mons (Saxonia)|Antiquus Mons]]<ref name="Hrubý 2024">Hrubý, P. (2014). Medieval Mining Centre of Buchberg in the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands: Metal Production in the Kingdom of Bohemia (13th-14th Centuries) (Antiquus Mons - Altenberg). ''Praehistorica'' 31 (2).</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Altenberg'')</small> * [[Apricirivus (Circulus terrae Misniensis)|Apricirivus]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Ebersbach'')</small> * [[Apricirivus-Villa Geronis]]<ref name="Moser 1780">Moser, J. (1780). ''Corpus Iuris Evangelicorum Ecclesiastici: Complectens Statuta, Decreta et Ordinationes pro Rebus Ecclesiasticis''. Typis Christiani Friderici Schertzii.</ref><ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ebersbach-Neugersdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Habrachćicy-Nowe Jěžercy''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Aberschbuch-Gierschdurf'')</small> * [[Arnoldi Villa]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755">Schöttgen, C., & Kreysig, G. C. (1755). ''Diplomataria et scriptores historiae Germanicae medii aevi''. Altenburgi: Richter; et: Schöttgen, C., & Kreysig, G. C. (1755). ''Diplomataria et Scriptores Historiae Germanicae Medii Aevi'' (Vol. 3, Appendices de provinciis Misnensibus et Saxonicis). Altenburgi: Officina Richteriana; et: Schöttgen, C., & Kreysig, G. C. (1755). ''Diplomataria et Scriptores Historiae Germanicae Medii Aevi'' (Vol. 3, Diplomatarium Misnico-Voigtlandicum). Altenburgi: Officina Richteriana; et: Schöttgen, C., & Kreysig, G. C. (1755). ''Diplomataria et Scriptores Historiae Germanicae Medii Aevi'' (Vol. 3, Appendices de Lusatia Superiore). Altenburgi: Officina Richteriana.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Arnsdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Warnoćicy'')</small> * [[Auerbachium (Montes Metalliferi)|Auerbachium]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Auerbach'')</small> * [[Auerbachium Vogtlandiae]]<ref name="Mencke 1730"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Auerbach/Vogtl.'' seu ''Auerbach/Vogtland''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Auerbach'')</small> * [[Augustoburgum]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Augustusburg'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== B ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Baxum]]<ref name="Cranz 1771">Cranz, D. (1771). ''Alte und neue Brüder-Historie oder kurz gefasste Geschichte der evangelischen Brüder-Unität auf den Schweizerischen und sächsischen Kolonien''. Barbeiae: Heinrich Detlef Ebers.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Niesky''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Niska'')</small> * [[Belgora-Schildavia]]<ref name="SS 2024">Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (2024). ''Regesta et diplomata episcopatus Misnensis: De vectigalibus fluminis Albis inter Belgoram et Misnam anno 979 concesis''. Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden.</ref><ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Belgern-Schildau'')</small> * [[Belina (Saxonia)|Belina]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Böhlen'')</small> * [[Bellomontium (Saxonia)|Bellomontium]]<ref name="SS sd"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schönberg'')</small> * [[Boernichenium]]<ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Börnichen/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Börnichen/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Boesenbrunnum]]<ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bösenbrunn'')</small> * [[Borna (Saxonia)|Borna]]<ref name="Gersdorf V 1865">Gersdorf, E. G. (Ed.) (1865). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae. Haupttheil I, Band 5: Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Meissen''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Borna''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Borno'')</small> * [[Borsdorfia]]<ref name="Leibniz 2021">Leibniz, G. W. (2021). ''Sämtliche Schriften und Briefe. Reihe I: Allgemeiner politischer und historischer Briefwechsel (Band 20: Juli 1701 – März 1702)''. Gottfried-Wilhelm-Leibniz-Bibliothek Hannover.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Borsdorf'')</small> * [[Boxberga (Saxonia)|Boxberga]]<ref name="Jecht 1920">Jecht, R. (Ed.) (1920). ''Codex Diplomaticus Lusatiae Superioris II, Band 1: Urkundenbuch der Stadt Görlitz und ihrer Klöster (1366)''. [[Gorlicium Germaniae|Gorlicii]]: Oberlausitzische Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Boxberg/O.L.''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hamor'')</small> * [[Brandisa]]<ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Brandis'')</small> * [[Breitenbrunnum (Montes Metalliferi)|Breitenbrunnum]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Breitenbrunn/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Breitenbrunn/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Budissa]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bautzen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Budyšin'')</small> * [[Burcardisdorfium]]<ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Burkhardtsdorf'')</small> * [[Burckavia]]<ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Burkau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Porchow''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Burke'')</small> * [[Burgstadtium]]<ref name="AML 1724">Ab [[Alma Mater Lipsiensis|Alma Matre Lipsiensi]] (1724). ''Die Matrikel der Universität Leipzig: Register der Studiosi und akademischen Grade (Johannes Christopherus Schulze, Burgstadtium-Misnicus)''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Burgstädt'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== C ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Calemberga]]<ref name="Tschackert 1889">Tschackert, P. (Ed.) (1889). ''Briefwechsel des Antonius Corvinus''. Karl J. Trübner.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Callenberg'')</small> * [[Camentia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kamenz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kamjenc'')</small> * [[Campus Alnorum]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ellefeld'')</small> * [[Campus Bellus (Saxonia)|Campus Bellus]]<ref name="Gersdorf II I 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Schönfeld'')</small> * [[Caropolis]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Liebstadt'')</small> * [[Casa Vitrea (Saxonia)|Casa Vitrea]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Glashütte'')</small> * [[Cavertizia]]<ref name="Posee 1882">Posse, O. (Ed.) (1882). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Haupttheil I, Band 1. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen (948–1099)''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Cavertitz'')</small> * [[Cervicampus (Saxonia)|Cervicampus]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hirschfeld'')</small> * [[Cervipetra]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hirschstein'')</small> * [[Chemnicium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Chemnitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kamjenica'')</small> * [[Civitas Bernardi in Proprio]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bernstadt auf dem Eigen'' seu ''Bernstadt a. d. Eigen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bjenadźicy'')</small> * [[Clausenitia]]<ref name="Posse 1881">Posse, O. (1881). ''Die Markgrafen von Meissen und das Haus Wettin: Im Zusammenhange mit der Geschichte des Reichs''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Claußnitz'')</small> * [[Clipphausa]]<ref>Hoc Latinum toponymum regressive derivatur Latino e gentilicio "Clipphausanus-a-um". Quo de gentilicio, vide: Academia Vitebergensis (1684). ''Album Academiae Vitebergensis: Sub rectoratu magnifici viri'' (Vol. III, p. 114). Vitebergae. (Textus primigenius latinus qui alumnos nobilesque eius pagi perscribit: "...Joannes Georgius de Ziegler, Clipphausanus..." [Misnicus]).</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Klipphausen'')</small> * [[Coderovillare]]<ref name="Pertzer 1868">Pertzer, G. H. (Ed.) (1868). ''Formulae et Diplomata Lusatiae Superioris medii aevi''. Budissae: Typis Monasterii.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kodersdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kodrecy'')</small> * [[Colditia]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Colditz'')</small> * [[Corylivallium]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] seu [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Haselbachtal'')</small> * [[Cozwicia]]<ref name="Posee 1882"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Coswig'' seu ''Coswig bei Dresden''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kosowiki'')</small> * [[Crema (Saxonia)|Crema]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grimma''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Grima'')</small> * [[Crieba-Neovilla]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/><ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kreba-Neudorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Chrjebja-Nowa Wjes'')</small> * [[Crimnicium]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864">Gersdorf, E. G. (Ed.) (1864). ''Urkundenbuch del Hochstifts Meißen'' (Vol. 1-5). Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Crimmitschau'' seu ''Crimmitzschau'' seu ''Krimmitschau'' seu ''Krimmitzschau'')</small> * [[Crinitzberga]]<ref name="Niels 1729">Niels, L. (Ed.) (1729). ''Opera omnia: De Marchia et finitimis Saxoniae regionibus''. Francofurti & Lipsiae.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Crinitzberg'')</small> * [[Crischova]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kreischa'')</small> * [[Crostewicia]]<ref name="Erler XVI 1895">Erler, G. (Ed.) (1895). ''Die Matrikel der Universität Leipzig (1409–1559)''. In ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae'' (Haupttheil II, Band 16). Giesecke & Devrient. </ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Krostitz'')</small> * [[Crostwicia]]<ref name="Posse 1883">Posse, O. (Ed.) (1883). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Haupttheil I, Band 3. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen (1196–1234)''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Crostwitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Chrósćicy'')</small> * [[Crottendorfium]]<ref name="Wiessner 1937">Wiessner, H. (1937). ''Das Bistum Naumburg: Die Diözese'' (Vol. 1). Berolini: Walter de Gruyter & Co.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Crottendorf'')</small> * [[Crybenstenium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kriebstein'')</small> * [[Cubschicia]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kubschütz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kubšicy'')</small> * [[Cunionissilva]]<ref name="Posee 1882"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Cunewalde''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kumwałd''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Cunewaale'')</small> * [[Custodia Dei]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Herrnhut''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Ochranow''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Harrnhutt'' seu ''Harrnutt'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== D ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Dalamancia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lommatzsch''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hłomač'')</small> * [[Debelum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Döbeln''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Doblin'')</small> * [[Delicia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Delitzsch''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Delič'')</small> * [[Demicium-Thumicium]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/><ref name="Ermisch 1899">Ermisch, H. (Ed.) (1899). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Haupttheil I, Band B-4. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen (1381–1427)''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Demitz-Thumitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Zemicy-Tumicy'')</small> * [[Denheritium]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/><ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dennheritz'')</small> * [[Derium-Cyrenium]]<ref name="Ermisch 1899"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Diera-Zehren'')</small> * [[Desertum Elstri]]<ref name="Posse & Ermisch 1882">Posse, O., & Ermisch, H. (Ed.) (1882). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen (948–1234)'' (Vol. 1). Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Elsterheide''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Halštrowska Hola'')</small> * [[Dippoldiswalda]]<ref name="Kleppisius 1804">Kleppisius, G. (1804). ''Epitaphium veneratae caniciei senioris Gregorii Kleppisii. En Neues allgemeines Intelligenzblatt für Literatur und Kunst''. Lipsiae: Johann Conrad Hinrichs.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Dippoldiswalde''; colloquialiter ''Dipps'')</small> * [[Doberschizium]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Doberschütz'')</small> * [[Dobrusium-Gussigium]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/><ref name="Ermisch 1899"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Doberschau-Gaußig''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Dobruša-Huska'')</small> * [[Doma (Saxonia)|Doma]]<ref name="Posern-Klett 1875">Posern-Klett, K. F. von (Ed.) (1875). ''Urkundenbuch der Städte Dresden und Pirna''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dohma'')</small> * [[Dommitzia]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dommitzsch''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Domič'')</small> * [[Doninburgum]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dohna''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Donin'')</small> * [[Drebachium]]<ref name="Müller 1715"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Drebach'')</small> * [[Dresda]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Caput (urbs)|caput]] [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terrae foederalis]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dresden''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Drježdźany''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Draasn'')</small> * [[Duba]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bad Düben'')</small> * [[Dubrava (Saxonia)|Dubrava]]<ref name="Jecht 1896">Jecht, R. (Ed.) (1896). ''Codex Diplomaticus Lusatiae Superioris II: Sammlung der Urkunden für die Geschichte der Oberlausitz'' (Vol. 1). [[Gorlicium Germaniae|Gorlicii Germaniae]]: Oberlausitzische Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großdubrau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wulka Dubrawa'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== E ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Eilenburgum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eilenburg''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Jiłow'')</small> * [[Elsnigium]]<ref name="SS 1378">Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (1378). ''Ältere Urkunden: Landgrafen von Thüringen übereignen dem Kloster Buch das Dorf Elsnig (Elsnyg)''. Sächsisches Staatsarchiv.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Elsnig'')</small> * [[Elstro]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913?p=249&cq=Ludwigshafen%20u.a.&lang=en ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Elstra''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Halštrow'')</small> * [[Episcopi Insula]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bischofswerda'' seu ''Schiebock''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Biskopicy''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Beschwere'' seu ''Schiebock'')</small> * [[Eppendorfium Misnicum]]<ref name="Kiesling 1753">Kiesling, J. R. (1753). ''Historia Concertationis Graecorum Latinorumque de Transsubstantiatione in Sacrae Eucharistiae Sacramento''. Ioannis Adami Bielckii.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eppendorf'')</small> * [[Ericeti Ava]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] seu [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Heidenau'')</small> * [[Ericetum Bellum]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schönheide'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== F ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Falcostenium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Falkenstein/Vogtl.'' seu ''Falkenstein/Vogtland''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Falkenstein''; [[Varisce]] ''Falkenstaa'')</small> * [[Flava (Saxonia)|Flava]]<ref name="Posse & Ermisch 1882"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Flöha'')</small> * [[Florivilla ad Lacum]]<ref name="AdWzG 1898"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Quitzdorf am See''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kwětanecy při jězoru'')</small> * [[Francavallis]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Frankenthal''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Frankln'')</small> * [[Frankenberga (Saxonia)|Frankenberga]]<ref name="Kiesling 1753"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Frankenberg/Sa.'')</small> * [[Frauenstenium (Saxonia)|Frauenstenium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Frauenstein'')</small> * [[Fraxinetum (Saxonia)|Fraxinetum]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Jesewitz'')</small> * [[Friberga]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Freiberg'')</small> * [[Frohburgum]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Frohburg'')</small> * [[Frohna Inferior]]<ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Niederfrohna'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== G ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Gelenavia]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gelenau/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Gelenau/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Gerhardi Villa]]<ref name="Stenzel XIV 1854">Stenzel, G. A. H. (Ed.) (1854). ''Liber Fundationis Episcopatus Vratislaviensis'' (Codex Diplomaticus Silesiae, Tomus XIV, Registrum Legniciense). Max & Comp.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gersdorf'')</small> * [[Geringswalda]]<ref name="Bernhardi 1777">Bernhardi, G. A. (1777). ''Beytrag zu einer Geschichte des Städtlein Geringswalda, und besonders des ehemals dabey gelegenen St. Marien-Klosters, Benedictiner-Ordens''. Johann Gottfried Müller.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Geringswalde''; colloquialiter ''Dessch'')</small> * [[Geyera]]<ref name="">Müller, J. B. (1710). ''Geographia Universalis, ex recentissimis observationibus ad usum iuventutis historicae''. Typis Johannis Henrici Schmidii.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Geyer'')</small> * [[Glaucha]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Glauchau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hłuchow''; [[Thuringico-Altosaxonice]] ''Glauche'')</small> * [[Gluboczkia]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Glaubitz'')</small> * [[Godavia]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Göda''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hodźij'')</small> * [[Gorcha]]<ref name="Jecht 1896"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Horka''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hórka'' seu ''Dołha Hórka''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Hurke'')</small> * [[Gorcum]]<ref name="Kinne 2014"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Obergurig''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hornja Hórka'')</small> * [[Gorisium]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gohrisch'')</small> * [[Gorlicium Germaniae]]<ref name="UL 1684">Universitas Lipsiensis (1684). ''Acta Eruditorum anno MDCLXXXIV publicata''. Lipsiae: Grossium & Gleditsch.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Görlitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Zhorjelc''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Gerlz'' seu ''Gerltz'' seu ''Gerltsch'')</small> * [[Gornavia]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gornau/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Gornau/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Gottleubia-Mons Gieshubelus]]<ref name="Sehling 1902">Sehling, E. (1902). ''Die evangelischen Kirchenordnungen des XVI. Jahrhunderts. Band I: Sachsen (De parochia et inspectione Gottleubiae)''. Lipsiae: O. R. Reisland.</ref><ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bad Gottleuba-Berggießhübel'')</small> * [[Groditium]]<ref name="UL 1684"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Gröditz'')</small> * [[Groisca]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Groitzsch'')</small> * [[Gytanum]]<ref name="Sächsisches Staatsarchiv 1905"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Geithain''; colloquialiter ''Geidn''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Chitań'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== H ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Haganoa]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großenhain''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wulki Hojn'')</small> * [[Hartensteinium (Saxonia)|Hartensteinium]]<ref>[https://www.google.de/books/edition/Thesaurus_iuris_feudalis/iCpXAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=hartensteinium+saxoniae&pg=RA2-PA898&printsec=frontcover De nomine proprio Latino ''Hartensteinium'' (Theodisce ''Hartenstein'') vide ''Thesaurum iuris feudalis'', tom. I, Francofurti ad Moenum 1750, p. 898.]</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hartenstein'')</small> * [[Hartmanni Villa (apud Chemnicium)|Hartmanni Villa]]<ref name="Ermisch VI 1879"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hartmannsdorf'')</small> * [[Hartmanni Villa-Diviteava]]<ref name="Stenzel XIV 1854"/><ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hartmannsdorf-Reichenau'')</small> * [[Hartmanni Villa prope Montem Ecclesiae]]<ref name="Stenzel XIV 1854"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hartmannsdorf bei Kirchberg'' seu ''Hartmannsdorf bei Saupersdorf'')</small> * [[Heidenrici Villa]]<ref name="Wutke XX 1900">Wutke, K. (Ed.) (1900). ''Codex Diplomaticus Silesiae: Regesten zur schlesischen Geschichte'' (Vol. 20). E. Woulfarth's Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Heidersdorf'')</small> * [[Heini Villa]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Heinsdorfergrund'')</small> * [[Henrici Villa]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dürrhennersdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Suche Hendrichecy'')</small> * [[Hermanni Villa]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hermsdorf/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Hermsdorf/Erzgebirge'' seu ''Hermsdorf bei Frauenstein'')</small> * [[Herwigi Villa]]<ref name="Knauthe 1754">Knauthe, C. (1754). ''Annales Zittavienses, oder Zittauische denckwürdige Jahrbücher: Aus alten urkunden und geschicht-büchern zusammen getragen''. Johann Jacob Schöps.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Mittelherwigsdorf'')</small> * [[Hoyerswerda]]<ref name="UL 1734">Universitas Lipsiensis (1734). ''Solemnia Magistrorum Philosophiae et Artium: Ex recensione academiae''. Typis Langenhemiis.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hoyerswerda''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wojerecy''; colloquialiter ''Hoywoj'' seu ''Hoywoy'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== I ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Iabloncza]]<ref name="CDLS">Codex Diplomaticus Lusatiae Superioris I: Regesten der Urkunden Kaiser Karls IV. (1346–1378). [[Gorlicium Germaniae|Gorlicii]]: Oberlausitzische Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gablenz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Jabłońc'')</small> * [[Ibenstoka]]<ref name="Posee 1882"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Eibenstock'')</small> * [[Indago Baltgeri]]<ref name="SS 1296">Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (1296). ''Urkunden und Grenzabgrenzungen des Ritterguts Belgershain im Erbamt Grimma (Indago Baltgeri)''. Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Belgershain'')</small> * [[Inferior Villa (Saxonia)|Inferior Villa]]<ref name="SH 1951">Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv (1951). ''Ältere Urkunden des Zisterzienserklosters und der sächsischen Hochstifte (1190–1380)'' (Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae, Haupttheil I). Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden; et: Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv. (1951). ''Ältere Urkunden und Bergbau-Registraturen der sächsischen Bergstädte (1500–1680)'' (Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae, Haupttheil I). Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Niederdorf'')</small> * [[Ioannis Villa]]<ref name="Stenzel XIV 1854"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Jahnsdorf/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Jahnsdorf/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Ioanno-Georgiopolis]]<ref name="UL 1684"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Johanngeorgenstadt'')</small> * [[Ionis Villa]]<ref name="Jecht 1915">Jecht, R. (Ed.) (1915). ''Codex Diplomaticus Lusatiae Superioris IV: Sammlung der Urkunden für die Geschichte der Oberlausitz'' (Band 4, Regesten der Dörfer unter dem Oybin). Oberlausitzische Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Jonsdorf'' seu ''Kurort Jonsdorf'')</small> * [[Iordanis Villa]]<ref name="Ermisch VI 1879">Ermisch, H. (Ed.) (1879). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Haupttheil II, Band 6. Urkundenbuch der Stadt Chemnitz und ihrer Klöster''. Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gornsdorf'')</small> * [[Iustusburgum]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Jöhstadt'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== K ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Kiczer]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kitzscher'')</small> * [[Klingenberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Klingenberg'')</small> * [[Kotmarus (commune)|Kotmarus]]<ref name="Kirchmaier 1698">Kirchmaier, G. C. (1698). ''De fontibus fluminum Sprae et Albis: tractatus historico-geographicus in quo de eorum originibus in montibus Lusatiae agitur''. Vitebergae: Typis Christiani Schrödteri.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kottmar''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kotmar'')</small> * [[Kruschvicia]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Krauschwitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Krušwica'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== L ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Lambertisilva]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lampertswalde'')</small> * [[Lapis Parthenis]]<ref name="AdWzG I III 1898">Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (1898). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen'' (Hauptteil I, Band 3). Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Parthenstein'')</small> * [[Lapis Regis (Helvetia Saxonica)|Lapis Regis]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Königstein'' seu ''Königstein/Sächs. Schw.''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kralowc'')</small> * [[Lauta (Saxonia)|Lauta]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lauta''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Łuty'')</small> * [[Lawalda]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lawalde''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lěwałd'')</small> * [[Leisnicium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Leisnig''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lěsnik'')</small> * [[Lenifluvium]]<ref name="AdWzG 1898"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Pulsnitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Połčnica''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Bolzns'')</small> * [[Lesnicia]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lößnitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lěsnica'')</small> * [[Leubasivilla (Saxonia)|Leubasivilla]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Leubsdorf'')</small> * [[Lichtenberga (Circulus terrae Budissinensis)|Lichtenberga]] <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Budissinensis|Circulo terrae Budissinensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae">Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' -secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo- vertit</ref><ref name="Landkreis Bautzen">Theodisce ''Landkreis Bautzen''.</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/><ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lichtenberg''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Swětła'')</small> * [[Lichtenberga ad Montes Metalliferos]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lichtenberg/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Lichtenberg/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Limbachium-Frohnavia]]<ref name="Ludovici 1723">Ludovici, J. F. (1723). ''Volumen scriptorum clientelarium et feudalium Marchiae Misnicae''. Halae Magdeburgicae: Officina Rengeriana.</ref><ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Limbach-Oberfrohna'')</small> * [[Limosorivulus]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Limbach'')</small> * [[Lipschutza]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Liebschützberg'')</small> * [[Lipsia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Leipzig''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lipsk''; [[Thuringico-Altosaxonice]] ''Leibzsch'')</small> * [[Liubanici Urbs]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Löbnitz'')</small> * [[Lobavia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Löbau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lubij''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Liebe'')</small> * [[Locus Caelestis]]<ref name="Richter 1758">Richter, G. (1758). ''De lamiis et veneficis: Selecta iuris naturae et gentium exempla ex historia Saxonica et Lusatica''. Officina Breitkopfiana.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Nebelschütz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Njebjelčicy'')</small> * [[Lomena (Saxonia)|Lomena]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lohmen'')</small> * [[Longalborivulus]]<ref>Hoc commune in [[Circulus terrae Zviccaviensis|Circulo terrae Zviccaviensi]] Saxoniae situm ortum est cum antiqua communia Longorivulus (Theodisce ''Langenbach''), Alborivulus (Theodisce ''Weißbach'') et, postea, Slema (Theodisce ''Schlema'') [[1 Ianuarii|Kalendis Ianuariis]] anni [[1996]] coniuncta sint. Latino de toponymo "Longorivulus", vide: Calixtus, G. (1652). ''Historia de haeresibus et schismatibus variis eorumque confutationibus''. Helmaestadii: Typis Henningi Mulleri; et Latino de toponymo "Alborivulus", vide: Weiß, C. H. (1721). ''De scriptoribus historiae Saxonicae seculi XVII schediasma literarium''. Lipsiae: Apud Jo. Christianum Martinum. Quia hodiernum novi communis nomen Theodiscum, ''Langenweißbach'', nominum ''Langenbach'' et ''Weißbach'' [[verbum amalgamatum|vocabulum amalgamatum]] est, nomen "Longalborivulus" novo communi ex antiquiis nominibus "Longorivulus" et "Alborivulus" amalgamare possumus.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Langenweißbach'')</small> * [[Longavicia]]<ref name="SH 1864 II I">Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv (1864). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: II. Haupttheil, Band 1. Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Meißen und sächsischer Diözesen'' (Vol. 1). Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Oberlungwitz'')</small> * [[Longobernardivilla]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Langenbernsdorf'')</small> * [[Longocampus (Saxonia)|Longocampus]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lengenfeld'')</small> * [[Losavia]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lohsa''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Łaz'')</small> * [[Lossavia]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lossatal'')</small> * [[Luciabies]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lichtentanne'')</small> * [[Lucipetra]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lichtenstein/Sa.'' seu ''Lichtenstein/Sachsen'')</small> * [[Lucipratum]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lichtenau'')</small> * [[Luga (Saxonia)|Luga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lugau'')</small> * [[Lunzenavia]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lunzenau'')</small> * [[Lusicia]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Laußig'')</small> * [[Lusnicia]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Laußnitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Łužnica'')</small> * [[Lutgerivilla]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Leutersdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lutarjecy''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Leckerschdurf'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== M ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Maceria (Saxonia)|Maceria]]<ref name="Haubrichs 2020">Haubrichs, W. (2020). ''Étymologie: Objets, méthodes et perspectives''. Academia-Verlag.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Machern'')</small> * [[Magna Alberti Villa]]<ref name="Carpzov 1657"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großolbersdorf'')</small> * [[Magna Dubena]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Düben''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Dźěwin'')</small> * [[Magna Harthavia]]<ref name="Carpzov 1657">Carpzov, B. (1657). ''Decisiones Illustres Saxonicae: In quibus arduae et graves quaestiones in foro Saxonico'' (Vol. 2). Sumptibus Haeredum Schurerianorum.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Großharthau''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Hoarde'')</small> * [[Magna Hartmanni Villa]]<ref name="Stenzel XIV 1854"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großhartmannsdorf'')</small> * [[Magna Nova Villa]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Großnaundorf'')</small> * [[Magna Postvicia]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großpostwitz'' seu ''Großpostwitz/O.L.''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Budestecy'')</small> * [[Magna Pulchra Prata]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großschönau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wulki Šunow''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Grußschiene'')</small> * [[Magna Ruedigersdorfia]]<ref name="Carpzov 1657"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großröhrsdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wulke Rědorjecy''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Rihrschdurf'' seu ''Gaage'')</small> * [[Magna Schirma]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Großschirma'')</small> * [[Magna Swidnica]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großschweidnitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Swóńca'' seu ''Swidnica'' seu ''Swódnica''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Schweenz'')</small> * [[Magna Wizschena]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großweitzschen'')</small> * [[Malleus Muldae]]<ref name="Oettel 1748">Oettel, J. P. (1748). ''Alte und neue Historie der Königl. Pohln. und Churfürstl. Sächß. freyen Berg-Stadt Eybenstock''. Johann Jacob Schöps</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Muldenhammer'')</small> * [[Malscewiza]]<ref name="Kinne 2014">Kinne, H.-J. (2014). ''Das Kollegiatstift St. Petri zu Bautzen von der Gründung bis zum Reformationsjahrhundert (1221–1580)''. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen; De Gruyter.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Malschwitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Malešecy'')</small> * [[Mariaeberga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Marienberg'')</small> * [[Marquardi Villa]]<ref name="Sächsisches Staatsarchiv 1905">Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (1905). ''Diplomatarium Joachimsteinense: Die Urkunden der zur Herrschaft des freien weltadeligen evangelischen Fräuleinstifts Joachimstein gehörigen Rittergüter Radmeritz, Niecha, Markersdorf''. Baensch; et: Sächsisches Staatsarchiv. (1905). ''Urkundenbuch mit Regesten bedeutender Akten de Stadt Mittweida und ihrer Umgebung (1286–1500)'': Baensch.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Markersdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Markoćicy'')</small> * [[Mauritioburgum]]<ref name="Büttner 1712">Büttner, J. H. (1712). ''Genealogiae oder Stamm- und Geschlecht-Register der vornehmsten Lüneburgischen Adelichen Patricischen Geschlechter''. Luneburgi: Schultze</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Moritzburg'')</small> * [[Media Weida]]<ref name="Beyer II 1897">Beyer, C. (1897). ''Urkundenbuch der Stadt Erfurt'' (Vol. 2). [[Salinae Saxonicae|Salinis Saxonicis]]: Druck und Verlag von Otto Hendel.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Mittweida'')</small> * [[Merania (Saxonia)|Merania]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Meerane'')</small> * [[Mildenavia]]<ref name="AH 1786">Ab Academia Hallensi (1767). ''Luxum Germanorum XIII. Philosophiae et artium candidatis qui supremo hoc loco honore ab ordine philosophorum Lipsiensis magistri renuntiantur''... Lipsiae: Ex officina Langenhemia.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Mildenau'')</small> * [[Milsina (Saxonia)|Milsina]]<ref name="Gersdorf II I 1865">Gersdorf, E. G. (1865). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: II. Haupttheil, Band 1. Urkundenbuch der Stadt Leipzig''. Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Mülsen'')</small> * [[Misnia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Meißen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Mišno'')</small> * [[Mogelina Urbs]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Mügeln''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Mohilno'')</small> * [[Molendinorum Vallis (Saxonia)|Molendinorum Vallis]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Mühlental'')</small> * [[Mons Ecclesiae (Saxonia)|Mons Ecclesiae]]<ref name="Stenzel XIV 1854"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchberg'')</small> * [[Mons Picae]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Elsterberg'')</small> * [[Mons Praetorianus]]<ref name="Mencke 1728">Mencke, J. B. (1728). ''Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, praecipue Saxonicarum, in quibus scriptores aliquot rariotes nusquam adhuc editi''. [[Lipsia]]e: E. Martini; et: Mencke, J. B. (1728). ''Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, praecipue Saxonicarum'' (Tomus I). Lipsiae: Ioannes Christianus Martinus; et: Mencke, J. B. (1728). ''Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, praecipue Saxonicarum'' (Vol. 2). Sumptibus Ioannis Christiani Martini.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Amtsberg'')</small> * [[Mons Trifolium]]<ref name="Posse III 1898">Posse, O. (1898). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: I. Haupttheil, Band 3. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen (1196–1234)''. Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Markkleeberg'')</small> * [[Montes (Saxonia)|Montes]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bergen'')</small> * [[Mucherini]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Mockrehna'')</small> * [[Muckavium]]<ref name="SS 1930">Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (1930). ''Urkunden und Akten der Standesherrschaft Muskau: Prozesse und Klagen des fürstlichen Dominiums gegen die Schäfer zu Mücka''. Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Mücka''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Mikow'')</small> * [[Muldavium Saxonicum]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Mulda/Sa.'' seu ''Mulda/Sachsen'')</small> * [[Muscavia]]<ref name="UW 1685">Universität Wittenberg (1685). ''Album Academiae Vitebergensis: Tituli, inscriptiones et matriculae studiosorum (Johannes Henricus Cuntze, Muscavia-Lusatus)''. Ex officina typographica.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Muskau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Mužakow'')</small> * [[Myla (Saxonia)|Myla]]<ref name="Posse III 1897">Posse, O. (1897). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: I. Haupttheil, Band 3. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen (1196–1234)''. Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Mühlau'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== N ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Neofanum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Markneukirchen''; [[Varisce]] ''Neikirng'')</small> * [[Neokieritzschium]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neukieritzsch'')</small> * [[Neostadium ad Stolpam]]<ref name="Cotton 1831">Cotton, H. (1831). ''A Typographical Gazetteer'' (II ed.). Oxford University Press.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neustadt i. Sa.'' seu ''Neustadt in Sachsen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] '' Nowe Město w Sakskej'')</small> * [[Neostadium in Terra Advocatorum]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neustadt/Vogtl.'' et ''Neustadt/Vogtland'')</small> * [[Neovilla Germanica]]<ref name="Müller 1715">Müller, C. (1715). ''Saxoniae Electoralis Descriptio Historico-Geographica''. Lipsiae: Officina Gleditschiana.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Deutschneudorf'')</small> * [[Neswitza]]<ref name="Kinne 2014"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neschwitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Njeswačidło'')</small> * [[Netscha]]<ref name="Patze & Dolle 2000">Patze, H. & Dolle, J. (2000). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Naumburg: Teil 2 (1207–1304)''. Böhlau Verlag.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Netzschkau'')</small> * [[Nigromontium (Saxonia)|Nigromontium]]<ref name="Avianus 1589"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schwarzenberg/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Schwarzenberg/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Nivemontium (Saxonia)|Nivemontium]]<ref name="Avianus 1589">Avianius, I. (1589). ''ΜΟΥΣΑΙ ΣΥΓΧΑΙΡΟΥΣΑΙ ablegatae ad doctissimum optimumque adolescentem d. Bartholomaeum Cothium Nivemontium, quo tempore emeritum magisterii gradum philosophi Ienenses decreto suo illi concesserant''. Typis Academiae Ienensis.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Schneeberg'')</small> * [[Nova Curia (Saxonia)|Nova Curia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Naunhof'')</small> * [[Nova Ecclesia (Montes Metalliferi)|Nova Ecclesia]]<ref name="Ermisch 1879">Ermisch, H. (1879). ''Urkundenbuch der Stadt Chemnitz und ihrer Klöster''. In der Buchhandlung de Waisenhauses.</ref> <small>(in [[Montes Metalliferi (circulus)|Circulo Montium Metalliferorum]]<ref name="CMM"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neukirchen/Erzgeb.'' et ''Neukirchen/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Nova Ecclesia (prope Regiopontum)|Nova Ecclesia]]<ref name="Knothe 1875">Knothe, H. (1875). ''Urkundenbuch von Kamenz und seiner Umgebung''. Selbstverlag der Oberlausitzischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>(prope [[Regiopontum]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neukirch''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Neukirch pola Kinsporka'')</small> * [[Nova Ecclesia ad Pleissam]]<ref name="Patze & Dolle 2000"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neukirchen/Pleiße'')</small> * [[Nova Ecclesia in Lusatia]]<ref name="OGdW 1851"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neukirch/Lausitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wjazońca''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Neungirch'')</small> * [[Nova Salza-Spremberga]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/><ref name="OGdW 1851"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neusalza-Spremberg''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Nowosólc-Horni Hródk''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Neusaalz (-Spraamerch) bzw. Sprembsch'')</small> * [[Nova Villa (Saxonia)|Nova Villa]]<ref name="SH I III 1898">Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv (1898). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: Haupttheil I, Band 3. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen (1196–1234; und Regesten bis 1380)''. Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Naundorf'')</small> * [[Novae Aedes in Montibus Metallicis]]<ref name="SH I III 1898"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neuhausen/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Neuhausen/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Novale Dominae]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Fraureuth'')</small> * [[Novoforum (Saxonia)|Novoforum]]<ref name="SS 1935">Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (1935). ''Urkunden und Akten der Grundherrschaft Schönfels: Registrierungen über die Nachbardörfer im Grenzgebiet des Vogtlandes''. Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neumark'')</small> * [[Novum Salium]]<ref name="SH I III 1898"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neuensalz'')</small> * [[Nuncheriza]]<ref name="Gersdorf II II">Gersdorf, E. G. (1865). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: II. Haupttheil, Band 2. Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Meissen'' (Vol. 2). Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Nünchritz'')</small> * [[Nussena]]<ref name="SH II XVIII 1903">Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv (1903). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: II. Haupttheil, Band 18. Urkundenbuch der Städte Dresden und Pirna und der sächsischen Klöster''. Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Nossen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Nosyn'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== O ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Oderwitzium]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Oderwitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wódrjeńca''; [[Supralusatice]]; ''Uderwitz'')</small> * [[Oederanum]]<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=0HJGAAAAcAAJ&pg=PT27&lpg=PT27&dq=%22Oederanum%22&source=bl&ots=Ipk3ZXW6eM&sig=xXpZe8oE_ahkHQGyhRoMu1e4JBM&hl=it&sa=X&ei=nvwyVJaMOrKS7AaNhIDgCg&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=%22Oederanum%22&f=false Freibergi descriptio atque annales a.c. 1564 collecti (Google eBook) - Georg Fabricius, 1710].</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Oederan'')</small> * [[Oelsnitium (Terra Advocatorum)|Oelsnitium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>(in [[Terra advocatorum|Terra Advocatorum]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Oelsnitz/Vogtl.'' seu ''Oelsnitz/Vogtland''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wolešnica'')</small> * [[Olnitium (Montes Metalliferi)|Olnitium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>(in [[Montes Metalliferi (circulus)|Circulo Montium Metalliferorum]]<ref name="CMM"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Oelsnitz/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Oelsnitz im Erzgebirge''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wolešnica'')</small> * [[Osselinga]]<ref name="Kinne 2014"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Oßling''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wóslink'')</small> * [[Ossitium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Oschatz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Woseč'')</small> * [[Otterwischium]]<ref name="Friedensburg 1926">Friedensburg, W. (1926). ''Urkundenbuch der Universität Wittenberg'' (Geschichtsquellen der Provinz Sachsen und des Freistaates Anhalt, Neue Reihe 3). [[Magdeburgum|Magdeburgi]]: Selbstverlag de Historischen Commission.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Otterwisch'')</small> * [[Ottonis Villa-Okrilla]]<ref name="SH II I 1864">Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv. (1864). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: II. Haupttheil, Band 1. Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Meißen und sächsischer Diözesen''. Giesecke & Devrient.</ref><ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ottendorf-Okrilla''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Woćicy-Okrila'')</small> * [[Ostravia (Saxonia)|Ostravia]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ostritz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wostrowc''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Usterz'')</small> * [[Owa-Palus Slemensis]]<ref name="">Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Naumburg (1999). ''Regesta et diplomata episcopatus Naumburgensis (1207-1304)''. (Ed. ab H. J. Kirsch). [[Colonia Agrippina|Coloniae Agrippinae]]: Böhlau Verlag.</ref><ref name="Mencke 1730">Mencke, J. B. (1730). ''Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, praecipue Saxonicarum, in quibus scriptores aliquot rariotes nusquam adhuc editi''. Lipsiae: E. Martini.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Aue-Bad Schlema'')</small> * [[Oybinium]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Oybin''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Ojwin'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== P ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Palus Regia]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bad Lausick'')</small> * [[Pancicium-Kucovium]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/><ref name="Knothe 1879">Knothe, H. (1879). ''Geschichte des Tuchmacherhandwerks in der Oberlausitz bis zum Einkommen der Innungen''. Druck von G. Schönfeld; et: Knothe, H. (1879). ''Urkundenbuch des Cistercienserklosters St. Marienstern in der Oberlausitz''. [[Salinae Saxonicae|Salinis Saxonicis]]: Waisenhaus.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Panschwitz-Kuckau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Pančicy-Kukow'')</small> * [[Parvum Nemus Lusaticum]]<ref name="Jecht 1896"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hähnichen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wosečk''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Hahnchn'')</small> * [[Parvum Nemus Misnicum]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hainichen'')</small> * [[Parvum Nemus Silvae]]<ref name="Carpzov 1657"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hainewalde''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Heenewaale'')</small> * [[Passini]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großpösna'')</small> * [[Pegavia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Pegau'')</small> * [[Penica]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Penig'')</small> * [[Petra Ursi (Saxonia)|Petra Ursi]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bärenstein'')</small> * [[Pirna]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Pirna''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Pěrno'')</small> * [[Plavia Variscorum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Plauen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Pławno'')</small> * [[Pocavia-Longocampus]]<ref name="IfSGuV 2025"/><ref name="SH 1925">Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv (1925). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Urkundenbuch der Kirchen und Klöster im Erzgebirge''. Wilhelm Engelmann.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Pockau-Lengefeld'')</small> * [[Polium (Saxonia)|Polium]]<ref name="SH 1928">Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv (1928). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Urkundenbuch der Vögte von Weida, Gera und Plauen''. Wilhelm Engelmann.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Pöhl'')</small> * [[Pons Regularis]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Halsbrücke'')</small> * [[Praepositia]]<ref name="AdWzG 1898">Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (1898). ''Historisches Ortsnamenbuch von Sachsen: Appellativischer Wortschatz im Namenbestand''. Giesecke & Devrient; et: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (1898). ''Historisches Ortsnamenbuch von Sachsen: Linguistische Analyse und Etymologie der slawisch-germanischen Grenzflüsse''. Giesecke & Devrient; et: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (1898). ''Historisches Ortsnamenbuch von Sachsen: Linguistische Analyse und Etymologie der slawischen Personennamen im Denkmalsbestand''. Giesecke & Devrient; et: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (1898). ''Historisches Ortsnamenbuch von Sachsen: Linguistische Analyse und slawisch-germanische Etymologie der Oberlausitz''. Giesecke & Devrient; et: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (1898). ''Historisches Ortsnamenbuch von Sachsen: Linguistische Analyse und germanische Etymologie der osterzgebirgischen Siedlungen''. Giesecke & Devrient. </ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Priestewitz'')</small> * [[Pratum Alnorum]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Erlau'')</small> * [[Pratum Capreoli]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bockau''; [[Metalliferomontane]] ''Bucke'')</small> * [[Pratum Corvi]]<ref name="AdWzG 1898"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Rabenau'')</small> * [[Pratum Inferius (Saxonia)|Pratum Inferius]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Niederau'')</small> * [[Pratum Nissae]]<ref name="OGdW 1851">Oberlausitzische Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften (1851). ''Codex diplomaticus Lusatiae superioris: Sammlung von Urkunden zur Geschichte des Markgrafthums Oberlausitz'' (Vol. 1). In der Buchhandlung des Waisenhauses.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neißeaue''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Nysowa łučina'')</small> * [[Pussa-Mulitrophia]]<ref name="SS 2005">Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (2005). ''Urkunden- und Kanzleiwesen der sächsischen Städte im Spätmittelalter''. Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden.</ref><ref name="IfSGuV 2025">Institut für Sächsische Geschichte und Volkskunde [ISGV] (2025). ''Digitales Historisches Ortsverzeichnis von Sachsen: Dokumentation des castrum und der Stadt Mühltroff''. ISGV Dresden Online.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Pausa-Mühltroff'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== Q ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Quercetum (Saxonia)|Quercetum]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703">Cellarius, C. (1703). ''Notitia Orbis Antiqui, sive Geographia Plenior, ab Ortum Rerumpublicarum ad Constantinorum Tempora''. Impensis Ioannis Friderici Gleditschii.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eichigt''; [[Varisce]] ''Maechlicht'' seu ''Machlich)'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== R ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Racovitium]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Rackwitz'')</small> * [[Radeberga]]<ref name="Leyser & Cundisius 1627">Leyser, W., & Cundisius, G. (1627). ''Cum Christo, de Christo publica disquisitio instituetur 20 Decemb. praeside Wilhelmo Lysero... respondente M. Godofredo Cundisio, Radeberga-Misnico''. Typis haered. Salom. Auerbach.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Radeberg'')</small> * [[Radebule]]<ref name="SS sd">Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (sine die). ''Ältere Urkunden (Bestand 10001): Urkundenbuch-Regesten zu Orten im Meißner Raum (Radebule, Meißen, Zschaitz)''. Sächsisches Staatsarchiv; Sächsisches Staatsarchiv. (s.d.). ''Ältere Urkunden (Bestand 10001): Urkundenregesten der Amtshauptmannschaft Freiberg''. Sächsisches Staatsarchiv; et: Sächsisches Staatsarchiv. (s.d.). ''Ältere Urkunden: Besitzrechte und Lehnsakten des Rittergutes Rietschen samt Niederprauske''. Sächsisches Staatsarchiv; et: Sächsisches Staatsarchiv. (s.d.). ''Ältere Urkunden (Bestand 10001): Urkundenregesten des Kollegiatstifts St. Peter zu Bautzen (Pfarrei Slepe / Schleife)''. Sächsisches Staatsarchiv; et: Sächsisches Staatsarchiv. (s.d.). ''Ältere Urkunden (Bestand 10001): Urkundenregesten zu Besitzrechten der Herrschaft und des Schlosses Schönberg''. Sächsisches Staatsarchiv.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Radebeul''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Radobyle'')</small> * [[Radeburgum]]<ref name="Cardano 1550">Cardano, G. (1550). De subtilitate libri XXI. Iohannes Petreius.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Radeburg'')</small> * [[Radibor]]<ref name="Gersdorf I III 1864">Gersdorf, E. G. (1864). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: Haupttheil 1, Band 3. Urkunden der Markgrafen de Meissen und Landgrafen von Thüringen''. Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] 'Radibor''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Radwor'')</small> * [[Ralbitium-Rosarum Vallis]]<ref name="-itium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-itz'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-itium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Rockelvitium]], [[Denheritium]], [[Groditium]], [[Oelsnitium (Terra Advocatorum)|Oelsnitium]], [[Olnitium (Montes Metalliferi)|Olnitium]], [[Racovitium]] apud hunc articulum.</ref><ref name="Rosarum Vallis">Theodiscum toponymum ''Rosenthal'' "Rosarum Vallis" latinizari solet. Exempli gratia, vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenaref/dupuy/dupuy1/Dupuy_nomina.html ''Nominum propriorum Virorum, Mulierum, Populorum, etc...''], ubi dicitur "(...) Rosarum vallis, ''Rosenthal'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ralbitz-Rosenthal''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Ralbicy-Róžant'')</small> * [[Rammenavia]]<ref name="-avia">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-au'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-avia-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: Sc(h)ongavia, Sec(c)lavia, Sit(t)avia, [[Sprottavia]], [[Spandavia]], Steinavia, Sundgavia, [[Thurnavia]], [[Torgavia]], [[Troppavia]], [[Velavia]], [[Wolavia]], [[Aravia]], [[Arnavia]], Batavia, [[Boleslavia]], Brisigavia, [[Burgavia]], Crumavia, [[Crumlavia]], Czasslavia, [[Dessavia]], Dirschavia, Iglavia, [[Gilavia Borussica]], [[Gilavia Germanica]], Glauchavia, Gloavia, [[Grotgavia]], Hirschavia, Iaroslavia, [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], Lindavia, [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], Namslavia, Nazzavia, [[Neoboleslavia]], Olavia, Oppavia, [[Pegavia]], Pil(l)avia, [[Premislavia]], apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Rammenau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Ramnow''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Roamm'')</small> * [[Ransteta]]<ref name="Gersdorf II IX I 1865">Gersdorf, E. G. (1865). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: II. Haupttheil, Band 9. Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Merseburg'' (Vol. 1). Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Markranstädt'')</small> * [[Raschavia-Marquardi Villa]]<ref name="Doppert 1725">Doppert, J. (1725). ''Hoc Monumentum Absentiae Christiani Frid. Veigelii, Raschavia Misnici Prope Lucum Viridem, Iuvenis Politi Pariterque Modesti, Auditoris''. Typis Fulda.</ref><ref name="Gersdorf I III 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Raschau-Markersbach'')</small> * [[Rathen]]<ref name="Gersdorf II I 1864">Gersdorf, E. G. (1864). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: Haupttheil 2, Band 1. Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Meißen (Teil 1: 962–1356)''. Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Rathen'')</small> * [[Rathmannsdorfium]]<ref name="-dorfium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]], Altdorfium, Burgdorfium, [[Ensdorfium]], Oberndorfium apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Rathmannsdorf'')</small> * [[Rechenberga-Molendinum Apium]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="SS sd"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Rechenberg-Bienenmühle'')</small> * [[Regiocampus (Saxonia)|Regiocampus]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Königsfeld'')</small> * [[Regiopontum]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652">Calixtus, G. (1652). ''Historia de haeresibus et schismatibus variis eorumque confutationibus''. Helmaestadii: Typis Henningi Mulleri.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Königsbrück''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kinspork'')</small> * [[Regiosilva (Circulus terrae Gorliciensis)|Regiosilva]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Gorliciensis|Circulo terrae Gorliciensi]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Gorliciensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Görlitz'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Gorliciensis-e" ad [[Gorlicium Germaniae|Gorlicium]] refertur. Quod de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Königshain''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kralowski haj'')</small> * [[Regiosilva (Montes Metalliferi)|Regiosilva]]<ref name="Lehmann">Lehmann, C. (1699). ''Historia historico-geographica de limitibus et mirabilibus montium metalliferorum Saxonicorum''. Dresdae: Typis Baumannianis.</ref> <small>(in [[Montes Metalliferi (circulus)|Circulo Montium Metalliferorum]]<ref name="CMM">"Nuntii Latini Bremenses", [https://www.bremenzwei.de/themen/latein-nachrichten-rueckblick-september-102.html Septembris 2024, "Pauli Praemium Atrii Artificialis Bremensis tributum"].</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Königswalde''; [[Metalliferomontane]] ''Kinnesch’wall'')</small> * [[Regiosilva-Wideravia]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/><ref name="Schmid 1705">Schmid, J. (1705). ''Dies fasti Academiae Lipsiensis, continens dissertationes et panegyricas orationes''. Lipsiae: Typis Fleischerianis.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Königshain-Wiederau'')</small> * [[Regiovarda]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Königswartha''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Rakecy'')</small> * [[Regis-Breitinga]]<ref name="Wiessner 1998">Wiessner, H. (1998). ''Das Bistum Naumburg 1,1. Die Diözese (Germania Sacra, Neue Folge 35,1)''. Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte / Walter de Gruyter.</ref><ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Regis-Breitingen'')</small> * [[Reichenbachium Lusatiae]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Reichenbach/O.L.''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Rychbach'')</small> * [[Reichenbachium Variscorum]]<ref name="Huldreich 1705">Huldreich, J. B. (1705). ''Miscellanea Tigurina: exhibentia eruditorum potissimum Tigurinorum elogia, ephemerides, et elenchos''. Typis Bodmerianis.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Reichenbach im Vogtland''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Reichenbach''; [[Varisce]] ''Reignbach'')</small> * [[Reinhardtsdorfium-Schoena]]<ref name="-dorfium"/><ref name="De la Vega V 1791">De la Vega, J. (1791). ''Diccionario Geográfico Universal, que comprehende la descripción de las quatro partes del mundo (Vol. 5)''. [[Matritum|Matriti]]: Imprenta Real.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Reinhardtsdorf-Schöna'')</small> * [[Reinsberga (Saxonia)|Reinsberga]]<ref name="-berga"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Reinsberg'')</small> * [[Reinsdorfium (Saxonia)|Reinsdorfium]]<ref name="-dorfium"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Reinsdorf'')</small> * [[Remsea]]<ref name="UL 1720">Universitas Lipsiensis (1720). ''Monumentum Praeclarae Ut Virtutis, Sic Optimae Spei Iuvenis, Domini Christiani Friderici Philippi, Remsea Misnici Strenui Iurium Cultoris''. Ex officina typographica SLUB Dresdae (Sub nota: Op.var.22.m,misc.133).</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Remse'')</small> * [[Rezowiensis Civitas]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Riesa''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Ryzawa'')</small> * [[Rietschen]]<ref name="SS sd"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Rietschen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Rěčicy'')</small> * [[Rivus Rosarum Lusatiae]]<ref name="Hoffmann 1719">Hoffmann, C. G. (1719). ''Scriptores rerum Lusaticarum antiqui & recentiores, seu Monumenta antiqua, praecipue ad Lusatiam utramque spectantia'' (Vol. 1). Sumptibus Davidis Peetzii.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Rosenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Rosarum Variscorum]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Rosenbach/Vogtl.'' seu ''Rosenbach/Vogtland'')</small> * [[Rockelvitium]]<ref name="Knothe 1883">Knothe, H. (1883). ''Analecta selecta ad historiam Lusatiae Superioris spectantia''. Sumptibus Societatis Scientiarum Budissinensis.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Räckelwitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Worklecy'')</small> * [[Rodewa]]<ref name="Posse 1889">Posse, O. (Ed.) (1889). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: Haupttheil 1, Band 2. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen (1100–1195)''. Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Rötha'')</small> * [[Rodewischia]]<ref>Hoc Latinum toponymum regressive derivatur Latino e gentilicio "Rodewischianus-a-um". Quo de gentilicio, vide: Schöttgen, C., & Kreysig, G. C. (1755). ''Diplomataria et scriptores historiae Germanicae medii aevi cum sigillis (Vol. 3)''. Officina Richteriana.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Rodewisch''; [[Varisce]] ''Ruewisch'' seu ''Ruebisch'')</small> * [[Rosarum Vallis-Vallis Bielae]]<ref name="Rosarum Vallis"/><ref name="Cardano 1550"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Rosenthal-Bielatal'')</small> * [[Rossavia (Saxonia)|Rossavia]]<ref name="-avia"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Rossau'')</small> * [[Roswyn]]<ref name="Posse III 1898"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Roßwein''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Roswin'')</small> * [[Rothenburgium Lusatiae]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Rothenburg/Oberlausitz'' seu ''Rothenburg/O.L.''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Rózbork''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Ruttnburg'')</small> * [[Rotlizi]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Rochlitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Rochlica'')</small> * [[Rudigerivilla Arida-Theodericibachium]]<ref name="Posee 1882"/><ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dürrröhrsdorf-Dittersbach'')</small> * [[Rueckerswalda Magna]]<ref name="Carpzov 1657"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großrückerswalde'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== S ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Scheibenberga]]<ref name="Kirsch 1729">Kirsch, C. G. (1729). ''Casus De Poena Dupli Ob Hypothecam Judicialem''. Typis Ioannis Christiani Hilligeri / Universitas Halensis.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Scheibenberg'')</small> * [[Schirgiswalda-Kirschavia]]<ref name="-walda">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-wald'' seu ''-walde'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-walda-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Dippoldiswalda]], [[Geringswalda]], [[Lawalda]], [[Rueckerswalda Magna]] apud hunc articulum.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small><ref name="-avia"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schirgiswalde-Kirschau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Šěrachow-Korzym''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Schirgswaale-Kirsche'')</small> * [[Schoena Superior]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Oberschöna'')</small> * [[Schoenavia-Berzdorfium]]<ref name="Crell & Frenzel 1743">Crell, C. L. (Pr.), & Frenzel, J. G. (Resp.). (1743). ''Observationes De Ivre Connvbiorvm Speciatim In Lvsatia Svperiore''. Typis Ioannis Friderici Schlomachi / Universitas Vitembergensis.</ref><ref name="-dorfium"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schönau-Berzdorf auf dem Eigen'' seu ''Schönau-Berzdorf a. d. Eigen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Schönau-Berzdorf'')</small> * [[Schonbachium (Saxonia)|Schonbachium]]<ref name="Nicolosi II 1660">Nicolosi, J. B. (1660). ''Parallela geographiae veteris et novae: Tomus Secundus''. Typis Michaelis Herculis.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schönbach''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Šumbach''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Schimmch'')</small> * [[Schonwolkavia]]<ref name="-avia"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schönwölkau'')</small> * [[Schwepnitium]]<ref name="-itium"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schwepnitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Sepicy'')</small> * [[Scudici]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schkeuditz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Skudźicy'')</small> * [[Sebnitz]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Securiferi Roturatio]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Beilrode'')</small> * [[Seelitz]] * [[Sehmatal]] * [[Seiffen/Erzgeb.]] * [[Seifhennersdorf]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Hennerschdurf'')</small> * [[Silva Hartha]]<ref name="Carpzov 1657"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hartha'')</small> * [[Sitavia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Zittau'' et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Žitawa''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Sitte'')</small> * [[Slatina]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schlettau'')</small> * [[Slepe]]<ref name="SS sd"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schleife''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Slepo''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Slepico-Sorabice]] ''Slěpe'')</small> * [[Smelna-Putzkavia]]<ref name="Hoffmann 1719"/><ref name="-avia"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schmölln-Putzkau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Smělna-Póckowy'')</small> * [[Sohland an der Spree]] * [[Sohland am Rotstein]] * [[Sornzig-Ablaß]] * [[Sosa (Saxe)|Sosa]] * [[Spreetal]] * [[Stadt Wehlen]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Stauchitz]] * [[St. Egidien]] * [[Steina]] * [[Steinberg (Saxe)|Steinberg]] * [[Steinigtwolmsdorf]] <small>([[Theodisce]] '''' et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Wunnsdurf'' seu ''Wumpe'' seu ''Steenigwupte'')</small> * [[Stollberg/Erzgeb.]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Stolpen]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Strahwalde]] * [[Strehla]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Striegistal]] * [[Struppen]] * [[Stützengrün]] * [[Susudata]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Sayda'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== T ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Tannenberg (Sachsen)|Tannenberg]] * [[Taucha]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Taura]] * [[Tauscha]] * [[Thalheim/Erzgeb.]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Thallwitz]] * [[Tharandt]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Theosebia]]<ref name="AdWzG 1898"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Puschwitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bóšicy'')</small> * [[Thermalbad Wiesenbad]] * [[Theuma]] * [[Thiendorf]] * [[Thum]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Thümmlitzwalde]] * [[Tirpersdorf]] * [[Tollanum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&cq=M%C3%BCnchen&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Dolan'')</small> * [[Torgau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Trebendorf]] * [[Trebnicia Elstri]]<ref name="Friedrich 1904">Friedrich, G. (Ed.) (1904). ''Codex Diplomaticus et Epistolaris Regni Bohemiae'' (Vol. 1). Sumptibus Comitiorum Regni Bohemiae.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Elstertrebnitz'')</small> * [[Trebsen/Mulde]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Treuen]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Triebel/Vogtl.]] * [[Triebischtal]] * [[Trimurica]]<ref name="Posse 1883"/><ref name="Hanspach 2014">Hanspach, D. (2024). ''Silva, nemus, merica, forestum: Die ältesten schriftlichen Wald- und Heidebelege im Lehnbuch Friedrich des Strengen''. In ''Arbeits- und Forschungsberichte zur sächsischen Bodendenkmalpflege'' (Band 32). Dresdae: Landesamt für Archäologie Sachsen.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dreiheide'')</small> * [[Trossin]] {{div col end}} ==== V ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Vallis Ganae]]<ref name="SH I III 1898"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Jahnatal'')</small> * [[Vallis Ignominiosa]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Schandau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Žandow'')</small> * [[Vallis Kobilizensis]]<ref name="">Ernst, J. (Ed.) (1968). ''Formulae Merovingici et Karolini Aevi'' (Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Legum Sectio V). [[Hannovera]]e: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Käbschütztal'')</small> * [[Vallis Libera]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Freital'')</small> * [[Vallis Lutosa]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bahretal'')</small> * [[Vallis Moglicia]]<ref name="Gersdorf IV 1870">Gersdorf, E. G. (1870). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: Haupttheil I, Band 4. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen (1235–1300)''. Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Müglitztal'')</small> * [[Vallis Pratensis Superior]]<ref name="SH 1951"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Oberwiesenthal'')</small> * [[Vallis Raderae]]<ref name="Gersdorf II I 1864"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Röderaue'')</small> * [[Vallis Scepis]]<ref name="Hoffmann 1719"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schöpstal''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Šepcowy Doł'')</small> * [[Vallis Sonorosa]]<ref name="Mencke 1730"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Klingenthal'' seu ''Klingenthal/Sa.''; [[Varisce]] ''Klingedool'')</small> * [[Villa Bavari]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Beiersdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bejerecy'')</small> * [[Villa Bernardi (Circulus terrae Zviccaviensis)|Villa Bernardi]] <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Zviccaviensis|Circulo terrae Zviccaviensi]]<ref name="CTZ">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Zviccaviensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Zwickau'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Cygnea]]m" -ad quod gentilicium "Zviccaviensis-e" refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}. Quo de gentilicio, confer "[[Codex Statutorum Zviccaviensium|Codex Statutorum Zviccaviensium]]", anno [[1348]] scriptum.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bernsdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Bernardi (Lusatia Superior)|Villa Bernardi]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> (in [[Lusatia superior|Lusatia Superior]]e) <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bernsdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Njedźichow'')</small> * [[Villa Bertholdi Montana]]<ref name="Prochno 1939">Prochno, J. (1939). ''Zittauer Urkundenbuch, Band 1: Regesten zur Geschichte der Stadt und des Landes Zittau 1234–1437''. [[Sitavia]]e: Mitteilungen del Zittauer Geschichts- und Museumsvereins.</ref><ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bertsdorf-Hörnitz'')</small> * [[Villa Boni]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bennewitz'')</small> * [[Villa Chemnitzia]]<ref name="Buddeus 1704">Buddeus, J. F. (1704). ''Historia iuris naturalis, seculi iussu et auctoritate potissimum Samuelis Pufendorfii restituti''. Halae Magdeburgicae: Typis et impensis Ioannis Friderici Zeitleri.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dorfchemnitz'' seu ''Dorfchemnitz bei Sayda'')</small> * [[Villa Ernfridi]]<ref name="SS 1490">Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (1490). ''Ältere Urkunden: Andreas Trapp, Verweser des Altars Johannes’ des Täufers in der Pfarrkirche Ehrenfriedersdorf (Ernfridißdorff)''. Sächsisches Staatsarchiv.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ehrenfriedersdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Indaginis]]<ref name="Posse 1881"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dorfhain'')</small> * [[Villa Panis]]<ref name="Mencke 1730"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bannewitz'')</small> * [[Viridifluxus]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grünbach''; [[Varisce]] ''Grieboch'')</small> * [[Viridis Lucus-Bavaricum Feldum]]<ref name="Carpzov 1657"/><ref name="Ermisch 1864">Ermisch, H. (Ed.). (1864). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Haupttheil II, Band 1. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grünhain-Beierfeld'')</small> * [[Viridulum Nemus]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Grünhainichen'')</small> * [[Virsnia Inferior]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Niederwürschnitz'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== W ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Wachau (Saxe)|Wachau]] * [[Waldenbourg (Saxe)|Waldenbourg]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Waldheim]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Waldhufen-Vierkirchen]] * [[Wechselburg]] * [[Weinböhla]] * [[Weischlitz]] * [[Weißenberg]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Weißenborn/Erzgeb.]] * [[Weißig am Raschütz]] * [[Weißkeißel]] * [[Weißwasser]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Werda]] * [[Werdau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wermsdorf]] * [[Wiedemar]] * [[Wiednitz]] * [[Wildenfels]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wildenhain]] * [[Wilkau-Haßlau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wilsdruff]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wilthen]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wira Superior]]<ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Oberwiera'')</small> * [[Wisa Inferior]]<ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Niederwiesa'')</small> * [[Wittichenau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wolkenstein (Saxe)|Wolkenstein]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wülknitz]] * [[Wurzen]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> {{div col end}} ==== Z ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Zabeltitz]] * [[Zeithain]] * [[Zettlitz]] * [[Ziegra-Knobelsdorf]] * [[Zinna]] * [[Zöblitz]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Zschadraß]] * [[Zschepplin]] * [[Zschopau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Zschorlau]] * [[Zwenkau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Zwickau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Zwochau]] * [[Zwönitz]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Zwota]] {{div col end}} ==Notae== <references /> [[Categoria:Urbes Saxoniae]] 3cfyvf4sj5c24cjjp3yp0nzy7ycppjv 3971892 3971811 2026-07-13T21:55:44Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3971892 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in Saxony.svg|thumb|550px|Urbes et communia [[Saxonia]]e (Kalendis Ianuariis anni 2023).]] '''Index [[urbs|urbium]] et [[commune|communium]] in [[Saxonia]]''' omnes sedes in [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|Civitate Foederata Libera]] Saxoniae recenset. [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|Civitas Foederata Libera]] [[Germania|Germanica]] [[Saxonia]], e [[1 Ianuarii|Kalendis Ianuariis]] anni [[2023]], ex universis 418 sedibus politice sui iuris constat. Quae ita distribuuntur: * 169 urbes ([[Theodisce]] ''Städte''), quarum: ** tres [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli urbani]] (Theodisce ''kreisfreie Städte''), inter quas [[Caput (urbs)|caput]] [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terrae foederalis]] [[Dresda]] est; ** 166 urbes magnae [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiectae (Theodisce ''kreisangehörige Städte''); * 249 communium circulo subiecta. 158 sedes, quarum 48 urbes, ad negotia administrationis suae gerenda in 64 consociationes administrativas (Theodisce ''Verwaltungsgemeinschaften'') et 21 communia in sex foedera administrativa (Theodisce ''Verwaltungsverbände'') coierunt. Die [[3 Octobris]] anni [[1990]] adhuc 1626 sedes exstabant. Quarum numerus, ex illo tempore, ad circiter quartam partem imminutus est.<ref name="Entwicklung">''Entwicklung der Verwaltungsgliederung des Freistaates Sachsen'' (Theodisce). Ab Officio Statistico Regionalis Liberae Civitatis Saxoniae, die 4 Ianuarii 2021.</ref> Index sequens omnes sedes Saxoniae politice sui iuris sub nominibus officialibus recenset. Ad latus nominis Latini cuiusque sedis apparet etiam nomen officiale [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] atque [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabicum]] atque, si quod exstat, nomen in aliis linguis regionalibus. Si sedes est [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] (Theodisce ''kreisfreie Städte''), urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta (Theodisce ''Große Kreisstadt''), aut simpliciter urbs, id quoque indicatur; non autem si sedes tantum commune est: ==== A ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Abbatis Villa (Saxonia)|Abbatis Villa]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz II 1865">Beyer, H., Eltester, L., & Goerz, A. (1865). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der jetzt die preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien und angrenzenden kaiserlichen Diözesen'' (Vol. 2). J. Hölscher.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Oppach'' et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wopaka''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Uppach'')</small> * [[Acer (Saxonia)|Acer]]<ref name="OGdW 1851"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Ohorn'')</small> * [[Adorfium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Adorf/Vogtl.'' seu ''Adorf/Vogtland''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Adorf'')</small> * [[Aerimontium]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Arzberg''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Arzberg'')</small> * [[Alberti Indago]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Olbernhau'')</small> * [[Alberti Villa]]<ref name="Stenzel XIV 1854"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Olbersdorf'')</small> * [[Alnetulum]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Elterlein''; [[Metalliferomontane]] ''Alterle'')</small> * [[Alnetum (Saxonia)|Alnetum]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bad Elster'')</small> * [[Alta Dubrava]]<ref name="Jecht 1896"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hohendubrau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wysoka Dubrawa'')</small> * [[Alta Ecclesia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hochkirch''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bukecy'')</small> * [[Alta Villa (Saxonia)|Alta Villa]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hohndorf'')</small> * [[Alticollum]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hohnstein'')</small> * [[Alticollum-Vallis Ernesti]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/><ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hohenstein-Ernstthal'')</small> * [[Amnis Castorum et Villa Giselberti]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bobritzsch-Hilbersdorf'')</small> * [[Amnis Clarus et Bernardi]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lauter-Bernsbach'')</small> * [[Amnis Veprium]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Brambach''; [[Varisce]] ''Brambich'')</small> * [[Angulus Pulcher (Saxonia)|Angulus Pulcher]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schöneck/Vogtl.'' seu ''Schöneck/Vogtland''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Schöneck'')</small> * [[Annaberga-Buchholzia]]<ref name="Egli 1893">Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Annaberg-Buchholz'')</small> * [[Antiqua Mitweida]]<ref name="IfSGuV 2008">Institut für Sächsische Geschichte und Volkskunde (2008). ''Altmittweida (antiqua Miteweide)''. Historisches Ortsverzeichnis von Sachsen [HOV]. </ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Altmittweida'')</small> * [[Antiquus Mons (Saxonia)|Antiquus Mons]]<ref name="Hrubý 2024">Hrubý, P. (2014). Medieval Mining Centre of Buchberg in the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands: Metal Production in the Kingdom of Bohemia (13th-14th Centuries) (Antiquus Mons - Altenberg). ''Praehistorica'' 31 (2).</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Altenberg'')</small> * [[Apricirivus (Circulus terrae Misniensis)|Apricirivus]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Ebersbach'')</small> * [[Apricirivus-Villa Geronis]]<ref name="Moser 1780">Moser, J. (1780). ''Corpus Iuris Evangelicorum Ecclesiastici: Complectens Statuta, Decreta et Ordinationes pro Rebus Ecclesiasticis''. Typis Christiani Friderici Schertzii.</ref><ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ebersbach-Neugersdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Habrachćicy-Nowe Jěžercy''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Aberschbuch-Gierschdurf'')</small> * [[Arnoldi Villa]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755">Schöttgen, C., & Kreysig, G. C. (1755). ''Diplomataria et scriptores historiae Germanicae medii aevi''. Altenburgi: Richter; et: Schöttgen, C., & Kreysig, G. C. (1755). ''Diplomataria et Scriptores Historiae Germanicae Medii Aevi'' (Vol. 3, Appendices de provinciis Misnensibus et Saxonicis). Altenburgi: Officina Richteriana; et: Schöttgen, C., & Kreysig, G. C. (1755). ''Diplomataria et Scriptores Historiae Germanicae Medii Aevi'' (Vol. 3, Diplomatarium Misnico-Voigtlandicum). Altenburgi: Officina Richteriana; et: Schöttgen, C., & Kreysig, G. C. (1755). ''Diplomataria et Scriptores Historiae Germanicae Medii Aevi'' (Vol. 3, Appendices de Lusatia Superiore). Altenburgi: Officina Richteriana.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Arnsdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Warnoćicy'')</small> * [[Auerbachium (Montes Metalliferi)|Auerbachium]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Auerbach'')</small> * [[Auerbachium Vogtlandiae]]<ref name="Mencke 1730"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Auerbach/Vogtl.'' seu ''Auerbach/Vogtland''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Auerbach'')</small> * [[Augustoburgum]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Augustusburg'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== B ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Baxum]]<ref name="Cranz 1771">Cranz, D. (1771). ''Alte und neue Brüder-Historie oder kurz gefasste Geschichte der evangelischen Brüder-Unität auf den Schweizerischen und sächsischen Kolonien''. Barbeiae: Heinrich Detlef Ebers.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Niesky''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Niska'')</small> * [[Beilroda]]<ref name="-roda">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-rode'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-roda-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Baceroda]], [[Gerningeroda]], [[Osteroda]], [[Werningroda]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Beilrode'')</small> * [[Belgora-Schildavia]]<ref name="SS 2024">Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (2024). ''Regesta et diplomata episcopatus Misnensis: De vectigalibus fluminis Albis inter Belgoram et Misnam anno 979 concesis''. Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden.</ref><ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Belgern-Schildau'')</small> * [[Belina (Saxonia)|Belina]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Böhlen'')</small> * [[Bellomontium (Saxonia)|Bellomontium]]<ref name="SS sd"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schönberg'')</small> * [[Boernichenium]]<ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Börnichen/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Börnichen/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Boesenbrunnum]]<ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bösenbrunn'')</small> * [[Borna (Saxonia)|Borna]]<ref name="Gersdorf V 1865">Gersdorf, E. G. (Ed.) (1865). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae. Haupttheil I, Band 5: Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Meissen''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Borna''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Borno'')</small> * [[Borsdorfia]]<ref name="Leibniz 2021">Leibniz, G. W. (2021). ''Sämtliche Schriften und Briefe. Reihe I: Allgemeiner politischer und historischer Briefwechsel (Band 20: Juli 1701 – März 1702)''. Gottfried-Wilhelm-Leibniz-Bibliothek Hannover.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Borsdorf'')</small> * [[Boxberga (Saxonia)|Boxberga]]<ref name="Jecht 1920">Jecht, R. (Ed.) (1920). ''Codex Diplomaticus Lusatiae Superioris II, Band 1: Urkundenbuch der Stadt Görlitz und ihrer Klöster (1366)''. [[Gorlicium Germaniae|Gorlicii]]: Oberlausitzische Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Boxberg/O.L.''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hamor'')</small> * [[Brandisa]]<ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Brandis'')</small> * [[Breitenbrunnum (Montes Metalliferi)|Breitenbrunnum]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Breitenbrunn/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Breitenbrunn/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Budissa]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bautzen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Budyšin'')</small> * [[Burcardisdorfium]]<ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Burkhardtsdorf'')</small> * [[Burckavia]]<ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Burkau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Porchow''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Burke'')</small> * [[Burgstadtium]]<ref name="AML 1724">Ab [[Alma Mater Lipsiensis|Alma Matre Lipsiensi]] (1724). ''Die Matrikel der Universität Leipzig: Register der Studiosi und akademischen Grade (Johannes Christopherus Schulze, Burgstadtium-Misnicus)''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Burgstädt'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== C ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Calemberga]]<ref name="Tschackert 1889">Tschackert, P. (Ed.) (1889). ''Briefwechsel des Antonius Corvinus''. Karl J. Trübner.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Callenberg'')</small> * [[Camentia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kamenz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kamjenc'')</small> * [[Campus Alnorum]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ellefeld'')</small> * [[Campus Bellus (Saxonia)|Campus Bellus]]<ref name="Gersdorf II I 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Schönfeld'')</small> * [[Caropolis]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Liebstadt'')</small> * [[Casa Vitrea (Saxonia)|Casa Vitrea]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Glashütte'')</small> * [[Cavertizia]]<ref name="Posee 1882">Posse, O. (Ed.) (1882). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Haupttheil I, Band 1. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen (948–1099)''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Cavertitz'')</small> * [[Cervicampus (Saxonia)|Cervicampus]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hirschfeld'')</small> * [[Cervipetra]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hirschstein'')</small> * [[Chemnicium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Chemnitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kamjenica'')</small> * [[Civitas Bernardi in Proprio]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bernstadt auf dem Eigen'' seu ''Bernstadt a. d. Eigen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bjenadźicy'')</small> * [[Clausenitia]]<ref name="Posse 1881">Posse, O. (1881). ''Die Markgrafen von Meissen und das Haus Wettin: Im Zusammenhange mit der Geschichte des Reichs''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Claußnitz'')</small> * [[Clipphausa]]<ref>Hoc Latinum toponymum regressive derivatur Latino e gentilicio "Clipphausanus-a-um". Quo de gentilicio, vide: Academia Vitebergensis (1684). ''Album Academiae Vitebergensis: Sub rectoratu magnifici viri'' (Vol. III, p. 114). Vitebergae. (Textus primigenius latinus qui alumnos nobilesque eius pagi perscribit: "...Joannes Georgius de Ziegler, Clipphausanus..." [Misnicus]).</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Klipphausen'')</small> * [[Coderovillare]]<ref name="Pertzer 1868">Pertzer, G. H. (Ed.) (1868). ''Formulae et Diplomata Lusatiae Superioris medii aevi''. Budissae: Typis Monasterii.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kodersdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kodrecy'')</small> * [[Colditia]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Colditz'')</small> * [[Corylivallium]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] seu [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Haselbachtal'')</small> * [[Cozwicia]]<ref name="Posee 1882"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Coswig'' seu ''Coswig bei Dresden''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kosowiki'')</small> * [[Crema (Saxonia)|Crema]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grimma''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Grima'')</small> * [[Crieba-Neovilla]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/><ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kreba-Neudorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Chrjebja-Nowa Wjes'')</small> * [[Crimnicium]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864">Gersdorf, E. G. (Ed.) (1864). ''Urkundenbuch del Hochstifts Meißen'' (Vol. 1-5). Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Crimmitschau'' seu ''Crimmitzschau'' seu ''Krimmitschau'' seu ''Krimmitzschau'')</small> * [[Crinitzberga]]<ref name="Niels 1729">Niels, L. (Ed.) (1729). ''Opera omnia: De Marchia et finitimis Saxoniae regionibus''. Francofurti & Lipsiae.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Crinitzberg'')</small> * [[Crischova]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kreischa'')</small> * [[Crostewicia]]<ref name="Erler XVI 1895">Erler, G. (Ed.) (1895). ''Die Matrikel der Universität Leipzig (1409–1559)''. In ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae'' (Haupttheil II, Band 16). Giesecke & Devrient. </ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Krostitz'')</small> * [[Crostwicia]]<ref name="Posse 1883">Posse, O. (Ed.) (1883). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Haupttheil I, Band 3. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen (1196–1234)''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Crostwitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Chrósćicy'')</small> * [[Crottendorfium]]<ref name="Wiessner 1937">Wiessner, H. (1937). ''Das Bistum Naumburg: Die Diözese'' (Vol. 1). Berolini: Walter de Gruyter & Co.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Crottendorf'')</small> * [[Crybenstenium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kriebstein'')</small> * [[Cubschicia]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kubschütz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kubšicy'')</small> * [[Cunionissilva]]<ref name="Posee 1882"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Cunewalde''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kumwałd''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Cunewaale'')</small> * [[Custodia Dei]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Herrnhut''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Ochranow''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Harrnhutt'' seu ''Harrnutt'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== D ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Dalamancia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lommatzsch''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hłomač'')</small> * [[Debelum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Döbeln''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Doblin'')</small> * [[Delicia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Delitzsch''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Delič'')</small> * [[Demicium-Thumicium]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/><ref name="Ermisch 1899">Ermisch, H. (Ed.) (1899). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Haupttheil I, Band B-4. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen (1381–1427)''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Demitz-Thumitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Zemicy-Tumicy'')</small> * [[Denheritium]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/><ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dennheritz'')</small> * [[Derium-Cyrenium]]<ref name="Ermisch 1899"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Diera-Zehren'')</small> * [[Desertum Elstri]]<ref name="Posse & Ermisch 1882">Posse, O., & Ermisch, H. (Ed.) (1882). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen (948–1234)'' (Vol. 1). Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Elsterheide''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Halštrowska Hola'')</small> * [[Dippoldiswalda]]<ref name="Kleppisius 1804">Kleppisius, G. (1804). ''Epitaphium veneratae caniciei senioris Gregorii Kleppisii. En Neues allgemeines Intelligenzblatt für Literatur und Kunst''. Lipsiae: Johann Conrad Hinrichs.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Dippoldiswalde''; colloquialiter ''Dipps'')</small> * [[Doberschizium]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Doberschütz'')</small> * [[Dobrusium-Gussigium]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/><ref name="Ermisch 1899"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Doberschau-Gaußig''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Dobruša-Huska'')</small> * [[Doma (Saxonia)|Doma]]<ref name="Posern-Klett 1875">Posern-Klett, K. F. von (Ed.) (1875). ''Urkundenbuch der Städte Dresden und Pirna''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dohma'')</small> * [[Dommitzia]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dommitzsch''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Domič'')</small> * [[Doninburgum]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dohna''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Donin'')</small> * [[Drebachium]]<ref name="Müller 1715"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Drebach'')</small> * [[Dresda]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Caput (urbs)|caput]] [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terrae foederalis]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dresden''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Drježdźany''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Draasn'')</small> * [[Duba]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bad Düben'')</small> * [[Dubrava (Saxonia)|Dubrava]]<ref name="Jecht 1896">Jecht, R. (Ed.) (1896). ''Codex Diplomaticus Lusatiae Superioris II: Sammlung der Urkunden für die Geschichte der Oberlausitz'' (Vol. 1). [[Gorlicium Germaniae|Gorlicii Germaniae]]: Oberlausitzische Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großdubrau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wulka Dubrawa'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== E ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Ecclesia Sancti Aegidii (Saxonia)|Ecclesia Sancti Aegidii]]<ref name="Hengst 2012">Hengst, K. (2012). Patrociny Settlement Names in Eastern Germany. In ''Patrociny Settlement Names in Europe''. Iustus Richter / Université de Debrecen.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''St. Egidien'' seu ''Sankt Egidien'')</small> * [[Eilenburgum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eilenburg''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Jiłow'')</small> * [[Elsnigium]]<ref name="SS 1378">Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (1378). ''Ältere Urkunden: Landgrafen von Thüringen übereignen dem Kloster Buch das Dorf Elsnig (Elsnyg)''. Sächsisches Staatsarchiv.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Elsnig'')</small> * [[Elstro]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913?p=249&cq=Ludwigshafen%20u.a.&lang=en ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Elstra''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Halštrow'')</small> * [[Episcopi Insula]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bischofswerda'' seu ''Schiebock''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Biskopicy''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Beschwere'' seu ''Schiebock'')</small> * [[Eppendorfium Misnicum]]<ref name="Kiesling 1753">Kiesling, J. R. (1753). ''Historia Concertationis Graecorum Latinorumque de Transsubstantiatione in Sacrae Eucharistiae Sacramento''. Ioannis Adami Bielckii.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eppendorf'')</small> * [[Ericeti Ava]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] seu [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Heidenau'')</small> * [[Ericetum Bellum]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schönheide'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== F ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Falcostenium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Falkenstein/Vogtl.'' seu ''Falkenstein/Vogtland''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Falkenstein''; [[Varisce]] ''Falkenstaa'')</small> * [[Flava (Saxonia)|Flava]]<ref name="Posse & Ermisch 1882"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Flöha'')</small> * [[Florivilla ad Lacum]]<ref name="AdWzG 1898"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Quitzdorf am See''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kwětanecy při jězoru'')</small> * [[Francavallis]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Frankenthal''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Frankln'')</small> * [[Frankenberga (Saxonia)|Frankenberga]]<ref name="Kiesling 1753"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Frankenberg/Sa.'')</small> * [[Frauenstenium (Saxonia)|Frauenstenium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Frauenstein'')</small> * [[Fraxinetum (Saxonia)|Fraxinetum]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Jesewitz'')</small> * [[Friberga]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Freiberg'')</small> * [[Frohburgum]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Frohburg'')</small> * [[Frohna Inferior]]<ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Niederfrohna'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== G ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Gelenavia]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gelenau/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Gelenau/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Gerhardi Villa]]<ref name="Stenzel XIV 1854">Stenzel, G. A. H. (Ed.) (1854). ''Liber Fundationis Episcopatus Vratislaviensis'' (Codex Diplomaticus Silesiae, Tomus XIV, Registrum Legniciense). Max & Comp.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gersdorf'')</small> * [[Geringswalda]]<ref name="Bernhardi 1777">Bernhardi, G. A. (1777). ''Beytrag zu einer Geschichte des Städtlein Geringswalda, und besonders des ehemals dabey gelegenen St. Marien-Klosters, Benedictiner-Ordens''. Johann Gottfried Müller.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Geringswalde''; colloquialiter ''Dessch'')</small> * [[Geyera]]<ref name="">Müller, J. B. (1710). ''Geographia Universalis, ex recentissimis observationibus ad usum iuventutis historicae''. Typis Johannis Henrici Schmidii.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Geyer'')</small> * [[Glaucha]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Glauchau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hłuchow''; [[Thuringico-Altosaxonice]] ''Glauche'')</small> * [[Gluboczkia]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Glaubitz'')</small> * [[Godavia]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Göda''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hodźij'')</small> * [[Gorcha]]<ref name="Jecht 1896"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Horka''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hórka'' seu ''Dołha Hórka''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Hurke'')</small> * [[Gorcum]]<ref name="Kinne 2014"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Obergurig''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hornja Hórka'')</small> * [[Gorisium]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gohrisch'')</small> * [[Gorlicium Germaniae]]<ref name="UL 1684">Universitas Lipsiensis (1684). ''Acta Eruditorum anno MDCLXXXIV publicata''. Lipsiae: Grossium & Gleditsch.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Görlitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Zhorjelc''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Gerlz'' seu ''Gerltz'' seu ''Gerltsch'')</small> * [[Gornavia]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gornau/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Gornau/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Gottleubia-Mons Gieshubelus]]<ref name="Sehling 1902">Sehling, E. (1902). ''Die evangelischen Kirchenordnungen des XVI. Jahrhunderts. Band I: Sachsen (De parochia et inspectione Gottleubiae)''. Lipsiae: O. R. Reisland.</ref><ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bad Gottleuba-Berggießhübel'')</small> * [[Groditium]]<ref name="UL 1684"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Gröditz'')</small> * [[Groisca]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Groitzsch'')</small> * [[Gytanum]]<ref name="Sächsisches Staatsarchiv 1905"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Geithain''; colloquialiter ''Geidn''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Chitań'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== H ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Haganoa]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großenhain''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wulki Hojn'')</small> * [[Hartensteinium (Saxonia)|Hartensteinium]]<ref>[https://www.google.de/books/edition/Thesaurus_iuris_feudalis/iCpXAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=hartensteinium+saxoniae&pg=RA2-PA898&printsec=frontcover De nomine proprio Latino ''Hartensteinium'' (Theodisce ''Hartenstein'') vide ''Thesaurum iuris feudalis'', tom. I, Francofurti ad Moenum 1750, p. 898.]</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hartenstein'')</small> * [[Hartmanni Villa (apud Chemnicium)|Hartmanni Villa]]<ref name="Ermisch VI 1879"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hartmannsdorf'')</small> * [[Hartmanni Villa-Diviteava]]<ref name="Stenzel XIV 1854"/><ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hartmannsdorf-Reichenau'')</small> * [[Hartmanni Villa prope Montem Ecclesiae]]<ref name="Stenzel XIV 1854"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hartmannsdorf bei Kirchberg'' seu ''Hartmannsdorf bei Saupersdorf'')</small> * [[Heidenrici Villa]]<ref name="Wutke XX 1900">Wutke, K. (Ed.) (1900). ''Codex Diplomaticus Silesiae: Regesten zur schlesischen Geschichte'' (Vol. 20). E. Woulfarth's Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Heidersdorf'')</small> * [[Heini Villa]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Heinsdorfergrund'')</small> * [[Henrici Villa]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dürrhennersdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Suche Hendrichecy'')</small> * [[Henricivilla]]<ref name="Kinne 2014"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Seifhennersdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wodowe Hendrichecy''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Hennerschdurf'' seu ''Seifhennerschdurf'' seu ''Seifhennaschdurf'')</small> * [[Hermanni Villa]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hermsdorf/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Hermsdorf/Erzgebirge'' seu ''Hermsdorf bei Frauenstein'')</small> * [[Herwigi Villa]]<ref name="Knauthe 1754">Knauthe, C. (1754). ''Annales Zittavienses, oder Zittauische denckwürdige Jahrbücher: Aus alten urkunden und geschicht-büchern zusammen getragen''. Johann Jacob Schöps.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Mittelherwigsdorf'')</small> * [[Hoyerswerda]]<ref name="UL 1734">Universitas Lipsiensis (1734). ''Solemnia Magistrorum Philosophiae et Artium: Ex recensione academiae''. Typis Langenhemiis.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hoyerswerda''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wojerecy''; colloquialiter ''Hoywoj'' seu ''Hoywoy'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== I ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Iabloncza]]<ref name="CDLS">Codex Diplomaticus Lusatiae Superioris I: Regesten der Urkunden Kaiser Karls IV. (1346–1378). [[Gorlicium Germaniae|Gorlicii]]: Oberlausitzische Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gablenz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Jabłońc'')</small> * [[Ibenstoka]]<ref name="Posee 1882"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Eibenstock'')</small> * [[Indago Baltgeri]]<ref name="SS 1296">Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (1296). ''Urkunden und Grenzabgrenzungen des Ritterguts Belgershain im Erbamt Grimma (Indago Baltgeri)''. Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Belgershain'')</small> * [[Inferior Villa (Saxonia)|Inferior Villa]]<ref name="SH 1951">Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv (1951). ''Ältere Urkunden des Zisterzienserklosters und der sächsischen Hochstifte (1190–1380)'' (Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae, Haupttheil I). Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden; et: Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv. (1951). ''Ältere Urkunden und Bergbau-Registraturen der sächsischen Bergstädte (1500–1680)'' (Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae, Haupttheil I). Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Niederdorf'')</small> * [[Ioannis Villa]]<ref name="Stenzel XIV 1854"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Jahnsdorf/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Jahnsdorf/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Ioanno-Georgiopolis]]<ref name="UL 1684"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Johanngeorgenstadt'')</small> * [[Ionis Villa]]<ref name="Jecht 1915">Jecht, R. (Ed.) (1915). ''Codex Diplomaticus Lusatiae Superioris IV: Sammlung der Urkunden für die Geschichte der Oberlausitz'' (Band 4, Regesten der Dörfer unter dem Oybin). Oberlausitzische Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Jonsdorf'' seu ''Kurort Jonsdorf'')</small> * [[Iordanis Villa]]<ref name="Ermisch VI 1879">Ermisch, H. (Ed.) (1879). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Haupttheil II, Band 6. Urkundenbuch der Stadt Chemnitz und ihrer Klöster''. Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gornsdorf'')</small> * [[Iustusburgum]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Jöhstadt'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== K ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Kiczer]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kitzscher'')</small> * [[Klingenberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Klingenberg'')</small> * [[Kotmarus (commune)|Kotmarus]]<ref name="Kirchmaier 1698">Kirchmaier, G. C. (1698). ''De fontibus fluminum Sprae et Albis: tractatus historico-geographicus in quo de eorum originibus in montibus Lusatiae agitur''. Vitebergae: Typis Christiani Schrödteri.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kottmar''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kotmar'')</small> * [[Kruschvicia]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Krauschwitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Krušwica'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== L ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Lambertisilva]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lampertswalde'')</small> * [[Lapis Parthenis]]<ref name="AdWzG I III 1898">Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (1898). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen'' (Hauptteil I, Band 3). Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Parthenstein'')</small> * [[Lapis Regis (Helvetia Saxonica)|Lapis Regis]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Königstein'' seu ''Königstein/Sächs. Schw.''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kralowc'')</small> * [[Lauta (Saxonia)|Lauta]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lauta''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Łuty'')</small> * [[Lawalda]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lawalde''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lěwałd'')</small> * [[Leisnicium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Leisnig''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lěsnik'')</small> * [[Lenifluvium]]<ref name="AdWzG 1898"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Pulsnitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Połčnica''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Bolzns'')</small> * [[Lesnicia]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lößnitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lěsnica'')</small> * [[Leubasivilla (Saxonia)|Leubasivilla]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Leubsdorf'')</small> * [[Lichtenberga (Circulus terrae Budissinensis)|Lichtenberga]] <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Budissinensis|Circulo terrae Budissinensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae">Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' -secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo- vertit</ref><ref name="Landkreis Bautzen">Theodisce ''Landkreis Bautzen''.</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/><ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lichtenberg''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Swětła'')</small> * [[Lichtenberga ad Montes Metalliferos]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lichtenberg/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Lichtenberg/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Limbachium-Frohnavia]]<ref name="Ludovici 1723">Ludovici, J. F. (1723). ''Volumen scriptorum clientelarium et feudalium Marchiae Misnicae''. Halae Magdeburgicae: Officina Rengeriana.</ref><ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Limbach-Oberfrohna'')</small> * [[Limosorivulus]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Limbach'')</small> * [[Lipschutza]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Liebschützberg'')</small> * [[Lipsia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Leipzig''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lipsk''; [[Thuringico-Altosaxonice]] ''Leibzsch'')</small> * [[Liubanici Urbs]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Löbnitz'')</small> * [[Lobavia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Löbau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lubij''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Liebe'')</small> * [[Locus Caelestis]]<ref name="Richter 1758">Richter, G. (1758). ''De lamiis et veneficis: Selecta iuris naturae et gentium exempla ex historia Saxonica et Lusatica''. Officina Breitkopfiana.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Nebelschütz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Njebjelčicy'')</small> * [[Lomena (Saxonia)|Lomena]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lohmen'')</small> * [[Longalborivulus]]<ref>Hoc commune in [[Circulus terrae Zviccaviensis|Circulo terrae Zviccaviensi]] Saxoniae situm ortum est cum antiqua communia Longorivulus (Theodisce ''Langenbach''), Alborivulus (Theodisce ''Weißbach'') et, postea, Slema (Theodisce ''Schlema'') [[1 Ianuarii|Kalendis Ianuariis]] anni [[1996]] coniuncta sint. Latino de toponymo "Longorivulus", vide: Calixtus, G. (1652). ''Historia de haeresibus et schismatibus variis eorumque confutationibus''. Helmaestadii: Typis Henningi Mulleri; et Latino de toponymo "Alborivulus", vide: Weiß, C. H. (1721). ''De scriptoribus historiae Saxonicae seculi XVII schediasma literarium''. Lipsiae: Apud Jo. Christianum Martinum. Quia hodiernum novi communis nomen Theodiscum, ''Langenweißbach'', nominum ''Langenbach'' et ''Weißbach'' [[verbum amalgamatum|vocabulum amalgamatum]] est, nomen "Longalborivulus" novo communi ex antiquiis nominibus "Longorivulus" et "Alborivulus" amalgamare possumus.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Langenweißbach'')</small> * [[Longavicia]]<ref name="SH 1864 II I">Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv (1864). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: II. Haupttheil, Band 1. Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Meißen und sächsischer Diözesen'' (Vol. 1). Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Oberlungwitz'')</small> * [[Longobernardivilla]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Langenbernsdorf'')</small> * [[Longocampus (Saxonia)|Longocampus]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lengenfeld'')</small> * [[Losavia]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lohsa''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Łaz'')</small> * [[Lossavia]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lossatal'')</small> * [[Luciabies]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lichtentanne'')</small> * [[Lucipetra]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lichtenstein/Sa.'' seu ''Lichtenstein/Sachsen'')</small> * [[Lucipratum]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lichtenau'')</small> * [[Luga (Saxonia)|Luga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lugau'')</small> * [[Lunzenavia]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lunzenau'')</small> * [[Lusicia]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Laußig'')</small> * [[Lusnicia]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Laußnitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Łužnica'')</small> * [[Lutgerivilla]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Leutersdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lutarjecy''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Leckerschdurf'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== M ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Maceria (Saxonia)|Maceria]]<ref name="Haubrichs 2020">Haubrichs, W. (2020). ''Étymologie: Objets, méthodes et perspectives''. Academia-Verlag.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Machern'')</small> * [[Magna Alberti Villa]]<ref name="Carpzov 1657"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großolbersdorf'')</small> * [[Magna Dubena]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Düben''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Dźěwin'')</small> * [[Magna Harthavia]]<ref name="Carpzov 1657">Carpzov, B. (1657). ''Decisiones Illustres Saxonicae: In quibus arduae et graves quaestiones in foro Saxonico'' (Vol. 2). Sumptibus Haeredum Schurerianorum.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Großharthau''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Hoarde'')</small> * [[Magna Hartmanni Villa]]<ref name="Stenzel XIV 1854"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großhartmannsdorf'')</small> * [[Magna Nova Villa]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Großnaundorf'')</small> * [[Magna Postvicia]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großpostwitz'' seu ''Großpostwitz/O.L.''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Budestecy'')</small> * [[Magna Pulchra Prata]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großschönau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wulki Šunow''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Grußschiene'')</small> * [[Magna Ruedigersdorfia]]<ref name="Carpzov 1657"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großröhrsdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wulke Rědorjecy''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Rihrschdurf'' seu ''Gaage'')</small> * [[Magna Schirma]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Großschirma'')</small> * [[Magna Swidnica]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großschweidnitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Swóńca'' seu ''Swidnica'' seu ''Swódnica''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Schweenz'')</small> * [[Magna Wizschena]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großweitzschen'')</small> * [[Malleus Muldae]]<ref name="Oettel 1748">Oettel, J. P. (1748). ''Alte und neue Historie der Königl. Pohln. und Churfürstl. Sächß. freyen Berg-Stadt Eybenstock''. Johann Jacob Schöps</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Muldenhammer'')</small> * [[Malscewiza]]<ref name="Kinne 2014">Kinne, H.-J. (2014). ''Das Kollegiatstift St. Petri zu Bautzen von der Gründung bis zum Reformationsjahrhundert (1221–1580)''. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen; De Gruyter; et: Kinne, H. (2014). ''Die Bistümer der Kirchenprovinz Magdeburg. Das Kollegiatstift St. Peter zu Bautzen von seiner Gründung bis zum 16. Jahrhundert'' (Germania Sacra, Dritte Folge 7). Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen / Walter de Gruyter.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Malschwitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Malešecy'')</small> * [[Mariaeberga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Marienberg'')</small> * [[Marquardi Villa]]<ref name="Sächsisches Staatsarchiv 1905">Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (1905). ''Diplomatarium Joachimsteinense: Die Urkunden der zur Herrschaft des freien weltadeligen evangelischen Fräuleinstifts Joachimstein gehörigen Rittergüter Radmeritz, Niecha, Markersdorf''. Baensch; et: Sächsisches Staatsarchiv. (1905). ''Urkundenbuch mit Regesten bedeutender Akten de Stadt Mittweida und ihrer Umgebung (1286–1500)'': Baensch.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Markersdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Markoćicy'')</small> * [[Mauritioburgum]]<ref name="Büttner 1712">Büttner, J. H. (1712). ''Genealogiae oder Stamm- und Geschlecht-Register der vornehmsten Lüneburgischen Adelichen Patricischen Geschlechter''. Luneburgi: Schultze</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Moritzburg'')</small> * [[Media Weida]]<ref name="Beyer II 1897">Beyer, C. (1897). ''Urkundenbuch der Stadt Erfurt'' (Vol. 2). [[Salinae Saxonicae|Salinis Saxonicis]]: Druck und Verlag von Otto Hendel.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Mittweida'')</small> * [[Merania (Saxonia)|Merania]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Meerane'')</small> * [[Mildenavia]]<ref name="AH 1786">Ab Academia Hallensi (1767). ''Luxum Germanorum XIII. Philosophiae et artium candidatis qui supremo hoc loco honore ab ordine philosophorum Lipsiensis magistri renuntiantur''... Lipsiae: Ex officina Langenhemia.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Mildenau'')</small> * [[Milsina (Saxonia)|Milsina]]<ref name="Gersdorf II I 1865">Gersdorf, E. G. (1865). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: II. Haupttheil, Band 1. Urkundenbuch der Stadt Leipzig''. Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Mülsen'')</small> * [[Misnia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Meißen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Mišno'')</small> * [[Mogelina Urbs]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Mügeln''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Mohilno'')</small> * [[Molendinorum Vallis (Saxonia)|Molendinorum Vallis]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Mühlental'')</small> * [[Mons Ecclesiae (Saxonia)|Mons Ecclesiae]]<ref name="Stenzel XIV 1854"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchberg'')</small> * [[Mons Lapideus Variscorum]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Steinberg'')</small> * [[Mons Picae]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Elsterberg'')</small> * [[Mons Praetorianus]]<ref name="Mencke 1728">Mencke, J. B. (1728). ''Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, praecipue Saxonicarum, in quibus scriptores aliquot rariotes nusquam adhuc editi''. [[Lipsia]]e: E. Martini; et: Mencke, J. B. (1728). ''Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, praecipue Saxonicarum'' (Tomus I). Lipsiae: Ioannes Christianus Martinus; et: Mencke, J. B. (1728). ''Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, praecipue Saxonicarum'' (Vol. 2). Sumptibus Ioannis Christiani Martini.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Amtsberg'')</small> * [[Mons Trifolium]]<ref name="Posse III 1898">Posse, O. (1898). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: I. Haupttheil, Band 3. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen (1196–1234)''. Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Markkleeberg'')</small> * [[Montes (Saxonia)|Montes]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bergen'')</small> * [[Mucherini]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Mockrehna'')</small> * [[Muckavium]]<ref name="SS 1930">Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (1930). ''Urkunden und Akten der Standesherrschaft Muskau: Prozesse und Klagen des fürstlichen Dominiums gegen die Schäfer zu Mücka''. Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Mücka''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Mikow'')</small> * [[Muldavium Saxonicum]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Mulda/Sa.'' seu ''Mulda/Sachsen'')</small> * [[Muscavia]]<ref name="UW 1685">Universität Wittenberg (1685). ''Album Academiae Vitebergensis: Tituli, inscriptiones et matriculae studiosorum (Johannes Henricus Cuntze, Muscavia-Lusatus)''. Ex officina typographica.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Muskau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Mužakow'')</small> * [[Myla (Saxonia)|Myla]]<ref name="Posse III 1897">Posse, O. (1897). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: I. Haupttheil, Band 3. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen (1196–1234)''. Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Mühlau'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== N ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Neofanum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Markneukirchen''; [[Varisce]] ''Neikirng'')</small> * [[Neokieritzschium]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neukieritzsch'')</small> * [[Neostadium ad Stolpam]]<ref name="Cotton 1831">Cotton, H. (1831). ''A Typographical Gazetteer'' (II ed.). Oxford University Press.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neustadt i. Sa.'' seu ''Neustadt in Sachsen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] '' Nowe Město w Sakskej'')</small> * [[Neostadium in Terra Advocatorum]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neustadt/Vogtl.'' et ''Neustadt/Vogtland'')</small> * [[Neovilla Germanica]]<ref name="Müller 1715">Müller, C. (1715). ''Saxoniae Electoralis Descriptio Historico-Geographica''. Lipsiae: Officina Gleditschiana.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Deutschneudorf'')</small> * [[Neswitza]]<ref name="Kinne 2014"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neschwitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Njeswačidło'')</small> * [[Netscha]]<ref name="Patze & Dolle 2000">Patze, H. & Dolle, J. (2000). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Naumburg: Teil 2 (1207–1304)''. Böhlau Verlag.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Netzschkau'')</small> * [[Nigromontium (Saxonia)|Nigromontium]]<ref name="Avianus 1589"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schwarzenberg/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Schwarzenberg/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Nivemontium (Saxonia)|Nivemontium]]<ref name="Avianus 1589">Avianius, I. (1589). ''ΜΟΥΣΑΙ ΣΥΓΧΑΙΡΟΥΣΑΙ ablegatae ad doctissimum optimumque adolescentem d. Bartholomaeum Cothium Nivemontium, quo tempore emeritum magisterii gradum philosophi Ienenses decreto suo illi concesserant''. Typis Academiae Ienensis.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Schneeberg'')</small> * [[Nova Curia (Saxonia)|Nova Curia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Naunhof'')</small> * [[Nova Ecclesia (Montes Metalliferi)|Nova Ecclesia]]<ref name="Ermisch 1879">Ermisch, H. (1879). ''Urkundenbuch der Stadt Chemnitz und ihrer Klöster''. In der Buchhandlung de Waisenhauses.</ref> <small>(in [[Montes Metalliferi (circulus)|Circulo Montium Metalliferorum]]<ref name="CMM"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neukirchen/Erzgeb.'' et ''Neukirchen/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Nova Ecclesia (prope Regiopontum)|Nova Ecclesia]]<ref name="Knothe 1875">Knothe, H. (1875). ''Urkundenbuch von Kamenz und seiner Umgebung''. Selbstverlag der Oberlausitzischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>(prope [[Regiopontum]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neukirch''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Neukirch pola Kinsporka'')</small> * [[Nova Ecclesia ad Pleissam]]<ref name="Patze & Dolle 2000"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neukirchen/Pleiße'')</small> * [[Nova Ecclesia in Lusatia]]<ref name="OGdW 1851"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neukirch/Lausitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wjazońca''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Neungirch'')</small> * [[Nova Salza-Spremberga]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/><ref name="OGdW 1851"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neusalza-Spremberg''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Nowosólc-Horni Hródk''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Neusaalz (-Spraamerch) bzw. Sprembsch'')</small> * [[Nova Villa (Saxonia)|Nova Villa]]<ref name="SH I III 1898">Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv (1898). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: Haupttheil I, Band 3. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen (1196–1234; und Regesten bis 1380)''. Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Naundorf'')</small> * [[Novae Aedes in Montibus Metallicis]]<ref name="SH I III 1898"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neuhausen/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Neuhausen/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Novale Dominae]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Fraureuth'')</small> * [[Novoforum (Saxonia)|Novoforum]]<ref name="SS 1935">Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (1935). ''Urkunden und Akten der Grundherrschaft Schönfels: Registrierungen über die Nachbardörfer im Grenzgebiet des Vogtlandes''. Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neumark'')</small> * [[Novum Salium]]<ref name="SH I III 1898"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neuensalz'')</small> * [[Nuncheriza]]<ref name="Gersdorf II II">Gersdorf, E. G. (1865). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: II. Haupttheil, Band 2. Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Meissen'' (Vol. 2). Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Nünchritz'')</small> * [[Nussena]]<ref name="SH II XVIII 1903">Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv (1903). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: II. Haupttheil, Band 18. Urkundenbuch der Städte Dresden und Pirna und der sächsischen Klöster''. Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Nossen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Nosyn'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== O ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Oderwitzium]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Oderwitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wódrjeńca''; [[Supralusatice]]; ''Uderwitz'')</small> * [[Oederanum]]<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=0HJGAAAAcAAJ&pg=PT27&lpg=PT27&dq=%22Oederanum%22&source=bl&ots=Ipk3ZXW6eM&sig=xXpZe8oE_ahkHQGyhRoMu1e4JBM&hl=it&sa=X&ei=nvwyVJaMOrKS7AaNhIDgCg&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=%22Oederanum%22&f=false Freibergi descriptio atque annales a.c. 1564 collecti (Google eBook) - Georg Fabricius, 1710].</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Oederan'')</small> * [[Oelsnitium (Terra Advocatorum)|Oelsnitium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>(in [[Terra advocatorum|Terra Advocatorum]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Oelsnitz/Vogtl.'' seu ''Oelsnitz/Vogtland''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wolešnica'')</small> * [[Olnitium (Montes Metalliferi)|Olnitium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>(in [[Montes Metalliferi (circulus)|Circulo Montium Metalliferorum]]<ref name="CMM"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Oelsnitz/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Oelsnitz im Erzgebirge''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wolešnica'')</small> * [[Osselinga]]<ref name="Kinne 2014"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Oßling''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wóslink'')</small> * [[Ossitium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Oschatz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Woseč'')</small> * [[Otterwischium]]<ref name="Friedensburg 1926">Friedensburg, W. (1926). ''Urkundenbuch der Universität Wittenberg'' (Geschichtsquellen der Provinz Sachsen und des Freistaates Anhalt, Neue Reihe 3). [[Magdeburgum|Magdeburgi]]: Selbstverlag de Historischen Commission.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Otterwisch'')</small> * [[Ottonis Villa-Okrilla]]<ref name="SH II I 1864">Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv. (1864). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: II. Haupttheil, Band 1. Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Meißen und sächsischer Diözesen''. Giesecke & Devrient.</ref><ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ottendorf-Okrilla''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Woćicy-Okrila'')</small> * [[Ostravia (Saxonia)|Ostravia]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ostritz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wostrowc''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Usterz'')</small> * [[Owa-Palus Slemensis]]<ref name="">Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Naumburg (1999). ''Regesta et diplomata episcopatus Naumburgensis (1207-1304)''. (Ed. ab H. J. Kirsch). [[Colonia Agrippina|Coloniae Agrippinae]]: Böhlau Verlag.</ref><ref name="Mencke 1730">Mencke, J. B. (1730). ''Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, praecipue Saxonicarum, in quibus scriptores aliquot rariotes nusquam adhuc editi''. Lipsiae: E. Martini.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Aue-Bad Schlema'')</small> * [[Oybinium]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Oybin''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Ojwin'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== P ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Palus Regia]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bad Lausick'')</small> * [[Pancicium-Kucovium]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/><ref name="Knothe 1879">Knothe, H. (1879). ''Geschichte des Tuchmacherhandwerks in der Oberlausitz bis zum Einkommen der Innungen''. Druck von G. Schönfeld; et: Knothe, H. (1879). ''Urkundenbuch des Cistercienserklosters St. Marienstern in der Oberlausitz''. [[Salinae Saxonicae|Salinis Saxonicis]]: Waisenhaus.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Panschwitz-Kuckau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Pančicy-Kukow'')</small> * [[Parvum Nemus Lusaticum]]<ref name="Jecht 1896"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hähnichen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wosečk''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Hahnchn'')</small> * [[Parvum Nemus Misnicum]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hainichen'')</small> * [[Parvum Nemus Silvae]]<ref name="Carpzov 1657"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hainewalde''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Heenewaale'')</small> * [[Passini]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großpösna'')</small> * [[Pegavia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Pegau'')</small> * [[Penica]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Penig'')</small> * [[Petra Ursi (Saxonia)|Petra Ursi]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bärenstein'')</small> * [[Pirna]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Pirna''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Pěrno'')</small> * [[Plavia Variscorum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Plauen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Pławno'')</small> * [[Pocavia-Longocampus]]<ref name="IfSGuV 2025"/><ref name="SH 1925">Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv (1925). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Urkundenbuch der Kirchen und Klöster im Erzgebirge''. Wilhelm Engelmann.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Pockau-Lengefeld'')</small> * [[Polium (Saxonia)|Polium]]<ref name="SH 1928">Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv (1928). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Urkundenbuch der Vögte von Weida, Gera und Plauen''. Wilhelm Engelmann.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Pöhl'')</small> * [[Pons Regularis]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Halsbrücke'')</small> * [[Praepositia]]<ref name="AdWzG 1898">Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (1898). ''Historisches Ortsnamenbuch von Sachsen: Appellativischer Wortschatz im Namenbestand''. Giesecke & Devrient; et: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (1898). ''Historisches Ortsnamenbuch von Sachsen: Linguistische Analyse und Etymologie der slawisch-germanischen Grenzflüsse''. Giesecke & Devrient; et: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (1898). ''Historisches Ortsnamenbuch von Sachsen: Linguistische Analyse und Etymologie der slawischen Personennamen im Denkmalsbestand''. Giesecke & Devrient; et: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (1898). ''Historisches Ortsnamenbuch von Sachsen: Linguistische Analyse und slawisch-germanische Etymologie der Oberlausitz''. Giesecke & Devrient; et: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (1898). ''Historisches Ortsnamenbuch von Sachsen: Linguistische Analyse und germanische Etymologie der osterzgebirgischen Siedlungen''. Giesecke & Devrient. </ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Priestewitz'')</small> * [[Pratum Alnorum]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Erlau'')</small> * [[Pratum Capreoli]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bockau''; [[Metalliferomontane]] ''Bucke'')</small> * [[Pratum Corvi]]<ref name="AdWzG 1898"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Rabenau'')</small> * [[Pratum Inferius (Saxonia)|Pratum Inferius]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Niederau'')</small> * [[Pratum Nissae]]<ref name="OGdW 1851">Oberlausitzische Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften (1851). ''Codex diplomaticus Lusatiae superioris: Sammlung von Urkunden zur Geschichte des Markgrafthums Oberlausitz'' (Vol. 1). In der Buchhandlung des Waisenhauses.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neißeaue''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Nysowa łučina'')</small> * [[Pussa-Mulitrophia]]<ref name="SS 2005">Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (2005). ''Urkunden- und Kanzleiwesen der sächsischen Städte im Spätmittelalter''. Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden.</ref><ref name="IfSGuV 2025">Institut für Sächsische Geschichte und Volkskunde [ISGV] (2025). ''Digitales Historisches Ortsverzeichnis von Sachsen: Dokumentation des castrum und der Stadt Mühltroff''. ISGV Dresden Online.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Pausa-Mühltroff'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== Q ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Quercetum (Saxonia)|Quercetum]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703">Cellarius, C. (1703). ''Notitia Orbis Antiqui, sive Geographia Plenior, ab Ortum Rerumpublicarum ad Constantinorum Tempora''. Impensis Ioannis Friderici Gleditschii.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eichigt''; [[Varisce]] ''Maechlicht'' seu ''Machlich)'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== R ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Racovitium]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Rackwitz'')</small> * [[Radeberga]]<ref name="Leyser & Cundisius 1627">Leyser, W., & Cundisius, G. (1627). ''Cum Christo, de Christo publica disquisitio instituetur 20 Decemb. praeside Wilhelmo Lysero... respondente M. Godofredo Cundisio, Radeberga-Misnico''. Typis haered. Salom. Auerbach.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Radeberg'')</small> * [[Radebule]]<ref name="SS sd">Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (sine die). ''Ältere Urkunden (Bestand 10001): Urkundenbuch-Regesten zu Orten im Meißner Raum (Radebule, Meißen, Zschaitz)''. Sächsisches Staatsarchiv; Sächsisches Staatsarchiv. (s.d.). ''Ältere Urkunden (Bestand 10001): Urkundenregesten der Amtshauptmannschaft Freiberg''. Sächsisches Staatsarchiv; et: Sächsisches Staatsarchiv. (s.d.). ''Ältere Urkunden: Besitzrechte und Lehnsakten des Rittergutes Rietschen samt Niederprauske''. Sächsisches Staatsarchiv; et: Sächsisches Staatsarchiv. (s.d.). ''Ältere Urkunden (Bestand 10001): Urkundenregesten des Kollegiatstifts St. Peter zu Bautzen (Pfarrei Slepe / Schleife)''. Sächsisches Staatsarchiv; et: Sächsisches Staatsarchiv. (s.d.). ''Ältere Urkunden (Bestand 10001): Urkundenregesten zu Besitzrechten der Herrschaft und des Schlosses Schönberg''. Sächsisches Staatsarchiv; et: Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (s. d.). ''Ältere Urkunden: Besitzrechte, Lehnsakten und Gerichtsunterlagen des Rittergutes Steina bei Pulsnitz''. Sächsisches Staatsarchiv.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Radebeul''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Radobyle'')</small> * [[Radeburgum]]<ref name="Cardano 1550">Cardano, G. (1550). De subtilitate libri XXI. Iohannes Petreius.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Radeburg'')</small> * [[Radibor]]<ref name="Gersdorf I III 1864">Gersdorf, E. G. (1864). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: Haupttheil 1, Band 3. Urkunden der Markgrafen de Meissen und Landgrafen von Thüringen''. Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] 'Radibor''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Radwor'')</small> * [[Ralbitium-Rosarum Vallis]]<ref name="-itium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-itz'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-itium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Rockelvitium]], [[Denheritium]], [[Groditium]], [[Oelsnitium (Terra Advocatorum)|Oelsnitium]], [[Olnitium (Montes Metalliferi)|Olnitium]], [[Racovitium]] apud hunc articulum.</ref><ref name="Rosarum Vallis">Theodiscum toponymum ''Rosenthal'' "Rosarum Vallis" latinizari solet. Exempli gratia, vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenaref/dupuy/dupuy1/Dupuy_nomina.html ''Nominum propriorum Virorum, Mulierum, Populorum, etc...''], ubi dicitur "(...) Rosarum vallis, ''Rosenthal'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ralbitz-Rosenthal''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Ralbicy-Róžant'')</small> * [[Rammenavia]]<ref name="-avia">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-au'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-avia-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: Sc(h)ongavia, Sec(c)lavia, Sit(t)avia, [[Sprottavia]], [[Spandavia]], Steinavia, Sundgavia, [[Thurnavia]], [[Torgavia]], [[Troppavia]], [[Velavia]], [[Wolavia]], [[Aravia]], [[Arnavia]], Batavia, [[Boleslavia]], Brisigavia, [[Burgavia]], Crumavia, [[Crumlavia]], Czasslavia, [[Dessavia]], Dirschavia, Iglavia, [[Gilavia Borussica]], [[Gilavia Germanica]], Glauchavia, Gloavia, [[Grotgavia]], Hirschavia, Iaroslavia, [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], Lindavia, [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], Namslavia, Nazzavia, [[Neoboleslavia]], Olavia, Oppavia, [[Pegavia]], Pil(l)avia, [[Premislavia]], apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Rammenau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Ramnow''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Roamm'')</small> * [[Ransteta]]<ref name="Gersdorf II IX I 1865">Gersdorf, E. G. (1865). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: II. Haupttheil, Band 9. Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Merseburg'' (Vol. 1). Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Markranstädt'')</small> * [[Raschavia-Marquardi Villa]]<ref name="Doppert 1725">Doppert, J. (1725). ''Hoc Monumentum Absentiae Christiani Frid. Veigelii, Raschavia Misnici Prope Lucum Viridem, Iuvenis Politi Pariterque Modesti, Auditoris''. Typis Fulda.</ref><ref name="Gersdorf I III 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Raschau-Markersbach'')</small> * [[Rathen]]<ref name="Gersdorf II I 1864">Gersdorf, E. G. (1864). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: Haupttheil 2, Band 1. Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Meißen (Teil 1: 962–1356)''. Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Rathen'')</small> * [[Rathmannsdorfium]]<ref name="-dorfium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]], Altdorfium, Burgdorfium, [[Ensdorfium]], Oberndorfium apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Rathmannsdorf'')</small> * [[Rechenberga-Molendinum Apium]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="SS sd"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Rechenberg-Bienenmühle'')</small> * [[Regiocampus (Saxonia)|Regiocampus]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Königsfeld'')</small> * [[Regiopontum]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652">Calixtus, G. (1652). ''Historia de haeresibus et schismatibus variis eorumque confutationibus''. Helmaestadii: Typis Henningi Mulleri.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Königsbrück''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kinspork'')</small> * [[Regiosilva (Circulus terrae Gorliciensis)|Regiosilva]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Gorliciensis|Circulo terrae Gorliciensi]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Gorliciensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Görlitz'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Gorliciensis-e" ad [[Gorlicium Germaniae|Gorlicium]] refertur. Quod de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Königshain''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kralowski haj'')</small> * [[Regiosilva (Montes Metalliferi)|Regiosilva]]<ref name="Lehmann">Lehmann, C. (1699). ''Historia historico-geographica de limitibus et mirabilibus montium metalliferorum Saxonicorum''. Dresdae: Typis Baumannianis.</ref> <small>(in [[Montes Metalliferi (circulus)|Circulo Montium Metalliferorum]]<ref name="CMM">"Nuntii Latini Bremenses", [https://www.bremenzwei.de/themen/latein-nachrichten-rueckblick-september-102.html Septembris 2024, "Pauli Praemium Atrii Artificialis Bremensis tributum"].</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Königswalde''; [[Metalliferomontane]] ''Kinnesch’wall'')</small> * [[Regiosilva-Wideravia]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/><ref name="Schmid 1705">Schmid, J. (1705). ''Dies fasti Academiae Lipsiensis, continens dissertationes et panegyricas orationes''. Lipsiae: Typis Fleischerianis.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Königshain-Wiederau'')</small> * [[Regiovarda]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Königswartha''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Rakecy'')</small> * [[Regis-Breitinga]]<ref name="Wiessner 1998">Wiessner, H. (1998). ''Das Bistum Naumburg 1,1. Die Diözese (Germania Sacra, Neue Folge 35,1)''. Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte / Walter de Gruyter.</ref><ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Regis-Breitingen'')</small> * [[Reichenbachium Lusatiae]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Reichenbach/O.L.''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Rychbach'')</small> * [[Reichenbachium Variscorum]]<ref name="Huldreich 1705">Huldreich, J. B. (1705). ''Miscellanea Tigurina: exhibentia eruditorum potissimum Tigurinorum elogia, ephemerides, et elenchos''. Typis Bodmerianis.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Reichenbach im Vogtland''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Reichenbach''; [[Varisce]] ''Reignbach'')</small> * [[Reinhardtsdorfium-Schoena]]<ref name="-dorfium"/><ref name="De la Vega V 1791">De la Vega, J. (1791). ''Diccionario Geográfico Universal, que comprehende la descripción de las quatro partes del mundo (Vol. 5)''. [[Matritum|Matriti]]: Imprenta Real.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Reinhardtsdorf-Schöna'')</small> * [[Reinsberga (Saxonia)|Reinsberga]]<ref name="-berga"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Reinsberg'')</small> * [[Reinsdorfium (Saxonia)|Reinsdorfium]]<ref name="-dorfium"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Reinsdorf'')</small> * [[Remsea]]<ref name="UL 1720">Universitas Lipsiensis (1720). ''Monumentum Praeclarae Ut Virtutis, Sic Optimae Spei Iuvenis, Domini Christiani Friderici Philippi, Remsea Misnici Strenui Iurium Cultoris''. Ex officina typographica SLUB Dresdae (Sub nota: Op.var.22.m,misc.133).</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Remse'')</small> * [[Rezowiensis Civitas]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Riesa''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Ryzawa'')</small> * [[Rietschen]]<ref name="SS sd"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Rietschen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Rěčicy'')</small> * [[Rivus Rosarum Lusatiae]]<ref name="Hoffmann 1719">Hoffmann, C. G. (1719). ''Scriptores rerum Lusaticarum antiqui & recentiores, seu Monumenta antiqua, praecipue ad Lusatiam utramque spectantia'' (Vol. 1). Sumptibus Davidis Peetzii.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Rosenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Rosarum Variscorum]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Rosenbach/Vogtl.'' seu ''Rosenbach/Vogtland'')</small> * [[Rockelvitium]]<ref name="Knothe 1883">Knothe, H. (1883). ''Analecta selecta ad historiam Lusatiae Superioris spectantia''. Sumptibus Societatis Scientiarum Budissinensis.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Räckelwitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Worklecy'')</small> * [[Rodewa]]<ref name="Posse 1889">Posse, O. (Ed.) (1889). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: Haupttheil 1, Band 2. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen (1100–1195)''. Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Rötha'')</small> * [[Rodewischia]]<ref>Hoc Latinum toponymum regressive derivatur Latino e gentilicio "Rodewischianus-a-um". Quo de gentilicio, vide: Schöttgen, C., & Kreysig, G. C. (1755). ''Diplomataria et scriptores historiae Germanicae medii aevi cum sigillis (Vol. 3)''. Officina Richteriana.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Rodewisch''; [[Varisce]] ''Ruewisch'' seu ''Ruebisch'')</small> * [[Rosarum Vallis-Vallis Bielae]]<ref name="Rosarum Vallis"/><ref name="Cardano 1550"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Rosenthal-Bielatal'')</small> * [[Rossavia (Saxonia)|Rossavia]]<ref name="-avia"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Rossau'')</small> * [[Roswyn]]<ref name="Posse III 1898"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Roßwein''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Roswin'')</small> * [[Rothenburgium Lusatiae]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Rothenburg/Oberlausitz'' seu ''Rothenburg/O.L.''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Rózbork''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Ruttnburg'')</small> * [[Rotlizi]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Rochlitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Rochlica'')</small> * [[Rudigerivilla Arida-Theodericibachium]]<ref name="Posee 1882"/><ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dürrröhrsdorf-Dittersbach'')</small> * [[Rueckerswalda Magna]]<ref name="Carpzov 1657"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großrückerswalde'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== S ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Scheibenberga]]<ref name="Kirsch 1729">Kirsch, C. G. (1729). ''Casus De Poena Dupli Ob Hypothecam Judicialem''. Typis Ioannis Christiani Hilligeri / Universitas Halensis.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Scheibenberg'')</small> * [[Schirgiswalda-Kirschavia]]<ref name="-walda">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-wald'' seu ''-walde'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-walda-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Dippoldiswalda]], [[Geringswalda]], [[Lawalda]], [[Rueckerswalda Magna]] apud hunc articulum.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small><ref name="-avia"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schirgiswalde-Kirschau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Šěrachow-Korzym''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Schirgswaale-Kirsche'')</small> * [[Schoena Superior]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Oberschöna'')</small> * [[Schoenavia-Berzdorfium]]<ref name="Crell & Frenzel 1743">Crell, C. L. (Pr.), & Frenzel, J. G. (Resp.). (1743). ''Observationes De Ivre Connvbiorvm Speciatim In Lvsatia Svperiore''. Typis Ioannis Friderici Schlomachi / Universitas Vitembergensis.</ref><ref name="-dorfium"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schönau-Berzdorf auf dem Eigen'' seu ''Schönau-Berzdorf a. d. Eigen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Schönau-Berzdorf'')</small> * [[Schonbachium (Saxonia)|Schonbachium]]<ref name="Nicolosi II 1660">Nicolosi, J. B. (1660). ''Parallela geographiae veteris et novae: Tomus Secundus''. Typis Michaelis Herculis.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schönbach''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Šumbach''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Schimmch'')</small> * [[Schonwolkavia]]<ref name="-avia"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schönwölkau'')</small> * [[Schwepnitium]]<ref name="-itium"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schwepnitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Sepicy'')</small> * [[Scudici]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schkeuditz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Skudźicy'')</small> * [[Sebnitium]]<ref name="-itium"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Sebnitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Zebnica'' seu ''Sebnica'')</small> * [[Seiffen]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Seiffen/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Seiffen/Erzgebirge''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Seiffen'')</small> * [[Silva Hartha]]<ref name="Carpzov 1657"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hartha'')</small> * [[Sitavia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Zittau'' et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Žitawa''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Sitte'')</small> * [[Slatina]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schlettau'')</small> * [[Slepe]]<ref name="SS sd"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schleife''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Slepo''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Slepico-Sorabice]] ''Slěpe'')</small> * [[Smelna-Putzkavia]]<ref name="Hoffmann 1719"/><ref name="-avia"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schmölln-Putzkau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Smělna-Póckowy'')</small> * [[Sohlandia ad Spreham]]<ref name="-landia">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-land'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-landia-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amelandia]], [[Bevelandia Australis]], [[Bevelandia Septentrionalis]], [[Bolandia]], [[Iutlandia]], [[Curlandia]], [[Estlandia]], [[Finlandia]], [[Flevolandia]], [[Friedlandia]], [[Islandia]], [[Gothlandia]], [[Hollandia]], [[Ingermanlandia]], [[Isalandia]] [[Lalandia]], [[Langelandia]], [[Oehtlandia]] [[Olandia]], [[Sallandia]], [[Samlandia]] [[Zelandia]], [[Selandia]] [[Fotlandia]], [[Wermelandia]] [[Withlandia]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Sohland an der Spree'' seu ''Sohland a. d. Spree''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Załom'')</small> * [[Stauchitium]]<ref name="-itium"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Stauchitz'')</small> * [[Steina]]<ref name="SS sd"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Steina''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Sćenjow'')</small> * [[Steinigtwolmsdorfium]]<ref name="-dorfium"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Steinigtwolmsdorf'' et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wołbramecy''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Wunnsdurf'' seu ''Wumpe'' seu ''Steenigwupte'')</small> * [[Stolipolis]]<ref name="UL 1602">Universitas Lipsiensis (1602). ''Epithalamia In Honorem Ornatissimi Et Doctissimi Viri Domini Georgii Fabricii Stolipolitani''. Typis Iohanni Schnorri.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Stollberg/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Stollberg/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Stolpa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Stolpen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Stołpin'' seu ''Stołpno'')</small> * [[Strehla]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] '''')</small> * [[Striegistal]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] '''')</small> * [[Struppen]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] '''')</small> * [[Stützengrün]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] '''')</small> * [[Susudata]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Sayda'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== T ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Tannenberg (Sachsen)|Tannenberg]] * [[Taucha]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Taura]] * [[Tauscha]] * [[Thalheim/Erzgeb.]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Thallwitz]] * [[Tharandt]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Theosebia]]<ref name="AdWzG 1898"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Puschwitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bóšicy'')</small> * [[Thermalbad Wiesenbad]] * [[Theuma]] * [[Thiendorf]] * [[Thum]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Thümmlitzwalde]] * [[Tirpersdorf]] * [[Tollanum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&cq=M%C3%BCnchen&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Dolan'')</small> * [[Torgau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Trebendorf]] * [[Trebnicia Elstri]]<ref name="Friedrich 1904">Friedrich, G. (Ed.) (1904). ''Codex Diplomaticus et Epistolaris Regni Bohemiae'' (Vol. 1). Sumptibus Comitiorum Regni Bohemiae.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Elstertrebnitz'')</small> * [[Trebsen/Mulde]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Treuen]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Triebel/Vogtl.]] * [[Triebischtal]] * [[Trimurica]]<ref name="Posse 1883"/><ref name="Hanspach 2014">Hanspach, D. (2024). ''Silva, nemus, merica, forestum: Die ältesten schriftlichen Wald- und Heidebelege im Lehnbuch Friedrich des Strengen''. In ''Arbeits- und Forschungsberichte zur sächsischen Bodendenkmalpflege'' (Band 32). Dresdae: Landesamt für Archäologie Sachsen.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dreiheide'')</small> * [[Trossin]] {{div col end}} ==== V ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Vallis Ganae]]<ref name="SH I III 1898"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Jahnatal'')</small> * [[Vallis Ignominiosa]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Schandau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Žandow'')</small> * [[Vallis Kobilizensis]]<ref name="">Ernst, J. (Ed.) (1968). ''Formulae Merovingici et Karolini Aevi'' (Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Legum Sectio V). [[Hannovera]]e: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Käbschütztal'')</small> * [[Vallis Libera]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Freital'')</small> * [[Vallis Lutosa]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bahretal'')</small> * [[Vallis Moglicia]]<ref name="Gersdorf IV 1870">Gersdorf, E. G. (1870). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: Haupttheil I, Band 4. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen (1235–1300)''. Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Müglitztal'')</small> * [[Vallis Pratensis Superior]]<ref name="SH 1951"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Oberwiesenthal'')</small> * [[Vallis Raderae]]<ref name="Gersdorf II I 1864"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Röderaue'')</small> * [[Vallis Scepis]]<ref name="Hoffmann 1719"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schöpstal''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Šepcowy Doł'')</small> * [[Vallis Sehmae]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Sehmatal'')</small> * [[Vallis Sonorosa]]<ref name="Mencke 1730"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Klingenthal'' seu ''Klingenthal/Sa.''; [[Varisce]] ''Klingedool'')</small> * [[Vallis Spreae]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Spreetal''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Sprjewiny Doł'')</small> * [[Villa Bavari]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Beiersdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bejerecy'')</small> * [[Villa Bernardi (Circulus terrae Zviccaviensis)|Villa Bernardi]] <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Zviccaviensis|Circulo terrae Zviccaviensi]]<ref name="CTZ">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Zviccaviensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Zwickau'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Cygnea]]m" -ad quod gentilicium "Zviccaviensis-e" refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}. Quo de gentilicio, confer "[[Codex Statutorum Zviccaviensium|Codex Statutorum Zviccaviensium]]", anno [[1348]] scriptum.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bernsdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Bernardi (Lusatia Superior)|Villa Bernardi]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> (in [[Lusatia superior|Lusatia Superior]]e) <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bernsdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Njedźichow'')</small> * [[Villa Bertholdi Montana]]<ref name="Prochno 1939">Prochno, J. (1939). ''Zittauer Urkundenbuch, Band 1: Regesten zur Geschichte der Stadt und des Landes Zittau 1234–1437''. [[Sitavia]]e: Mitteilungen del Zittauer Geschichts- und Museumsvereins.</ref><ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bertsdorf-Hörnitz'')</small> * [[Villa Boni]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bennewitz'')</small> * [[Villa Chemnitzia]]<ref name="Buddeus 1704">Buddeus, J. F. (1704). ''Historia iuris naturalis, seculi iussu et auctoritate potissimum Samuelis Pufendorfii restituti''. Halae Magdeburgicae: Typis et impensis Ioannis Friderici Zeitleri.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dorfchemnitz'' seu ''Dorfchemnitz bei Sayda'')</small> * [[Villa Ernfridi]]<ref name="SS 1490">Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (1490). ''Ältere Urkunden: Andreas Trapp, Verweser des Altars Johannes’ des Täufers in der Pfarrkirche Ehrenfriedersdorf (Ernfridißdorff)''. Sächsisches Staatsarchiv.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ehrenfriedersdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Indaginis]]<ref name="Posse 1881"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dorfhain'')</small> * [[Villa Panis]]<ref name="Mencke 1730"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bannewitz'')</small> * [[Viridifluxus]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grünbach''; [[Varisce]] ''Grieboch'')</small> * [[Viridis Lucus-Bavaricum Feldum]]<ref name="Carpzov 1657"/><ref name="Ermisch 1864">Ermisch, H. (Ed.). (1864). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Haupttheil II, Band 1. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grünhain-Beierfeld'')</small> * [[Viridulum Nemus]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Grünhainichen'')</small> * [[Virsnia Inferior]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Niederwürschnitz'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== W ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Wachau (Saxe)|Wachau]] * [[Waldenbourg (Saxe)|Waldenbourg]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Waldheim]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Waldhufen-Vierkirchen]] * [[Wechselburg]] * [[Weinböhla]] * [[Weischlitz]] * [[Weißenberg]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Weißenborn/Erzgeb.]] * [[Weißig am Raschütz]] * [[Weißkeißel]] * [[Weißwasser]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Werda]] * [[Werdau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wermsdorf]] * [[Wiedemar]] * [[Wiednitz]] * [[Wildenfels]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wildenhain]] * [[Wilkau-Haßlau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wilsdruff]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wilthen]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wira Superior]]<ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Oberwiera'')</small> * [[Wisa Inferior]]<ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Niederwiesa'')</small> * [[Wittichenau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wolkenstein (Saxe)|Wolkenstein]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wülknitz]] * [[Wurzen]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wylyn]]<ref name="Wylyn">Vide [https://grokipedia.com/page/stadt_wehlen ''Grokipedianum de hac urbe articulum''], ubi dicitur "(...) The first historical record of the site appears on December 5, 1269, when Margrave Heinrich III of Meissen (known as "the Illustrious") documented the castle as ''castrum Wylyn'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Stadt Wehlen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wjelin'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== Z ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Zabeltitz]] * [[Zeithain]] * [[Zelici]]<ref name="Posse 1889"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Seelitz'')</small> * [[Zettlitz]] * [[Ziegra-Knobelsdorf]] * [[Zinna]] * [[Zöblitz]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Zschadraß]] * [[Zschepplin]] * [[Zschopau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Zschorlau]] * [[Zwenkau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Zwickau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Zwochau]] * [[Zwönitz]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Zwota]] {{div col end}} ==Notae== <references /> [[Categoria:Urbes Saxoniae]] f9aqmh8o12lw85340eirpczvv34w6xr 3971900 3971892 2026-07-13T22:50:43Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3971900 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in Saxony.svg|thumb|550px|Urbes et communia [[Saxonia]]e (Kalendis Ianuariis anni 2023).]] '''Index [[urbs|urbium]] et [[commune|communium]] in [[Saxonia]]''' omnes sedes in [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|Civitate Foederata Libera]] Saxoniae recenset. [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|Civitas Foederata Libera]] [[Germania|Germanica]] [[Saxonia]], e [[1 Ianuarii|Kalendis Ianuariis]] anni [[2023]], ex universis 418 sedibus politice sui iuris constat. Quae ita distribuuntur: * 169 urbes ([[Theodisce]] ''Städte''), quarum: ** tres [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli urbani]] (Theodisce ''kreisfreie Städte''), inter quas [[Caput (urbs)|caput]] [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terrae foederalis]] [[Dresda]] est; ** 166 urbes magnae [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiectae (Theodisce ''kreisangehörige Städte''); * 249 communium circulo subiecta. 158 sedes, quarum 48 urbes, ad negotia administrationis suae gerenda in 64 consociationes administrativas (Theodisce ''Verwaltungsgemeinschaften'') et 21 communia in sex foedera administrativa (Theodisce ''Verwaltungsverbände'') coierunt. Die [[3 Octobris]] anni [[1990]] adhuc 1626 sedes exstabant. Quarum numerus, ex illo tempore, ad circiter quartam partem imminutus est.<ref name="Entwicklung">''Entwicklung der Verwaltungsgliederung des Freistaates Sachsen'' (Theodisce). Ab Officio Statistico Regionalis Liberae Civitatis Saxoniae, die 4 Ianuarii 2021.</ref> Index sequens omnes sedes Saxoniae politice sui iuris sub nominibus officialibus recenset. Ad latus nominis Latini cuiusque sedis apparet etiam nomen officiale [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] atque [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabicum]] atque, si quod exstat, nomen in aliis linguis regionalibus. Si sedes est [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] (Theodisce ''kreisfreie Städte''), urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta (Theodisce ''Große Kreisstadt''), aut simpliciter urbs, id quoque indicatur; non autem si sedes tantum commune est: ==== A ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Abbatis Villa (Saxonia)|Abbatis Villa]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz II 1865">Beyer, H., Eltester, L., & Goerz, A. (1865). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der jetzt die preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien und angrenzenden kaiserlichen Diözesen'' (Vol. 2). J. Hölscher.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Oppach'' et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wopaka''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Uppach'')</small> * [[Acer (Saxonia)|Acer]]<ref name="OGdW 1851"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Ohorn'')</small> * [[Adorfium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Adorf/Vogtl.'' seu ''Adorf/Vogtland''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Adorf'')</small> * [[Aerimontium]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Arzberg''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Arzberg'')</small> * [[Alberti Indago]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Olbernhau'')</small> * [[Alberti Villa]]<ref name="Stenzel XIV 1854"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Olbersdorf'')</small> * [[Alnetulum]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Elterlein''; [[Metalliferomontane]] ''Alterle'')</small> * [[Alnetum (Saxonia)|Alnetum]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bad Elster'')</small> * [[Alta Dubrava]]<ref name="Jecht 1896"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hohendubrau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wysoka Dubrawa'')</small> * [[Alta Ecclesia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hochkirch''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bukecy'')</small> * [[Alta Villa (Saxonia)|Alta Villa]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hohndorf'')</small> * [[Alticollum]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hohnstein'')</small> * [[Alticollum-Vallis Ernesti]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/><ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hohenstein-Ernstthal'')</small> * [[Amnis Castorum et Villa Giselberti]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bobritzsch-Hilbersdorf'')</small> * [[Amnis Clarus et Bernardi]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lauter-Bernsbach'')</small> * [[Amnis Veprium]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Brambach''; [[Varisce]] ''Brambich'')</small> * [[Angulus Pulcher (Saxonia)|Angulus Pulcher]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schöneck/Vogtl.'' seu ''Schöneck/Vogtland''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Schöneck'')</small> * [[Annaberga-Buchholzia]]<ref name="Egli 1893">Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Annaberg-Buchholz'')</small> * [[Antiqua Mitweida]]<ref name="IfSGuV 2008">Institut für Sächsische Geschichte und Volkskunde (2008). ''Altmittweida (antiqua Miteweide)''. Historisches Ortsverzeichnis von Sachsen [HOV]. </ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Altmittweida'')</small> * [[Antiquus Mons (Saxonia)|Antiquus Mons]]<ref name="Hrubý 2024">Hrubý, P. (2014). Medieval Mining Centre of Buchberg in the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands: Metal Production in the Kingdom of Bohemia (13th-14th Centuries) (Antiquus Mons - Altenberg). ''Praehistorica'' 31 (2).</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Altenberg'')</small> * [[Apricirivus (Circulus terrae Misniensis)|Apricirivus]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Ebersbach'')</small> * [[Apricirivus-Villa Geronis]]<ref name="Moser 1780">Moser, J. (1780). ''Corpus Iuris Evangelicorum Ecclesiastici: Complectens Statuta, Decreta et Ordinationes pro Rebus Ecclesiasticis''. Typis Christiani Friderici Schertzii.</ref><ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ebersbach-Neugersdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Habrachćicy-Nowe Jěžercy''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Aberschbuch-Gierschdurf'')</small> * [[Arnoldi Villa]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755">Schöttgen, C., & Kreysig, G. C. (1755). ''Diplomataria et scriptores historiae Germanicae medii aevi''. Altenburgi: Richter; et: Schöttgen, C., & Kreysig, G. C. (1755). ''Diplomataria et Scriptores Historiae Germanicae Medii Aevi'' (Vol. 3, Appendices de provinciis Misnensibus et Saxonicis). Altenburgi: Officina Richteriana; et: Schöttgen, C., & Kreysig, G. C. (1755). ''Diplomataria et Scriptores Historiae Germanicae Medii Aevi'' (Vol. 3, Diplomatarium Misnico-Voigtlandicum). Altenburgi: Officina Richteriana; et: Schöttgen, C., & Kreysig, G. C. (1755). ''Diplomataria et Scriptores Historiae Germanicae Medii Aevi'' (Vol. 3, Appendices de Lusatia Superiore). Altenburgi: Officina Richteriana.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Arnsdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Warnoćicy'')</small> * [[Auerbachium (Montes Metalliferi)|Auerbachium]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Auerbach'')</small> * [[Auerbachium Vogtlandiae]]<ref name="Mencke 1730"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Auerbach/Vogtl.'' seu ''Auerbach/Vogtland''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Auerbach'')</small> * [[Augustoburgum]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Augustusburg'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== B ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Baxum]]<ref name="Cranz 1771">Cranz, D. (1771). ''Alte und neue Brüder-Historie oder kurz gefasste Geschichte der evangelischen Brüder-Unität auf den Schweizerischen und sächsischen Kolonien''. Barbeiae: Heinrich Detlef Ebers.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Niesky''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Niska'')</small> * [[Beilroda]]<ref name="-roda">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-rode'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-roda-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Baceroda]], [[Gerningeroda]], [[Osteroda]], [[Werningroda]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Beilrode'')</small> * [[Belgora-Schildavia]]<ref name="SS 2024">Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (2024). ''Regesta et diplomata episcopatus Misnensis: De vectigalibus fluminis Albis inter Belgoram et Misnam anno 979 concesis''. Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden.</ref><ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Belgern-Schildau'')</small> * [[Belina (Saxonia)|Belina]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Böhlen'')</small> * [[Bellomontium (Saxonia)|Bellomontium]]<ref name="SS sd"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schönberg'')</small> * [[Boernichenium]]<ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Börnichen/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Börnichen/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Boesenbrunnum]]<ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bösenbrunn'')</small> * [[Borna (Saxonia)|Borna]]<ref name="Gersdorf V 1865">Gersdorf, E. G. (Ed.) (1865). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae. Haupttheil I, Band 5: Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Meissen''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Borna''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Borno'')</small> * [[Borsdorfia]]<ref name="Leibniz 2021">Leibniz, G. W. (2021). ''Sämtliche Schriften und Briefe. Reihe I: Allgemeiner politischer und historischer Briefwechsel (Band 20: Juli 1701 – März 1702)''. Gottfried-Wilhelm-Leibniz-Bibliothek Hannover.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Borsdorf'')</small> * [[Boxberga (Saxonia)|Boxberga]]<ref name="Jecht 1920">Jecht, R. (Ed.) (1920). ''Codex Diplomaticus Lusatiae Superioris II, Band 1: Urkundenbuch der Stadt Görlitz und ihrer Klöster (1366)''. [[Gorlicium Germaniae|Gorlicii]]: Oberlausitzische Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Boxberg/O.L.''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hamor'')</small> * [[Brandisa]]<ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Brandis'')</small> * [[Breitenbrunnum (Montes Metalliferi)|Breitenbrunnum]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Breitenbrunn/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Breitenbrunn/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Budissa]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bautzen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Budyšin'')</small> * [[Burcardisdorfium]]<ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Burkhardtsdorf'')</small> * [[Burckavia]]<ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Burkau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Porchow''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Burke'')</small> * [[Burgstadtium]]<ref name="AML 1724">Ab [[Alma Mater Lipsiensis|Alma Matre Lipsiensi]] (1724). ''Die Matrikel der Universität Leipzig: Register der Studiosi und akademischen Grade (Johannes Christopherus Schulze, Burgstadtium-Misnicus)''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Burgstädt'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== C ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Calemberga]]<ref name="Tschackert 1889">Tschackert, P. (Ed.) (1889). ''Briefwechsel des Antonius Corvinus''. Karl J. Trübner.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Callenberg'')</small> * [[Camentia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kamenz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kamjenc'')</small> * [[Campus Alnorum]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ellefeld'')</small> * [[Campus Bellus (Saxonia)|Campus Bellus]]<ref name="Gersdorf II I 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Schönfeld'')</small> * [[Caropolis]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Liebstadt'')</small> * [[Casa Vitrea (Saxonia)|Casa Vitrea]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Glashütte'')</small> * [[Cavertizia]]<ref name="Posee 1882">Posse, O. (Ed.) (1882). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Haupttheil I, Band 1. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen (948–1099)''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Cavertitz'')</small> * [[Cervicampus (Saxonia)|Cervicampus]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hirschfeld'')</small> * [[Cervipetra]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hirschstein'')</small> * [[Chemnicium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Chemnitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kamjenica'')</small> * [[Civitas Bernardi in Proprio]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bernstadt auf dem Eigen'' seu ''Bernstadt a. d. Eigen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bjenadźicy'')</small> * [[Clausenitia]]<ref name="Posse 1881">Posse, O. (1881). ''Die Markgrafen von Meissen und das Haus Wettin: Im Zusammenhange mit der Geschichte des Reichs''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Claußnitz'')</small> * [[Clipphausa]]<ref>Hoc Latinum toponymum regressive derivatur Latino e gentilicio "Clipphausanus-a-um". Quo de gentilicio, vide: Academia Vitebergensis (1684). ''Album Academiae Vitebergensis: Sub rectoratu magnifici viri'' (Vol. III, p. 114). Vitebergae. (Textus primigenius latinus qui alumnos nobilesque eius pagi perscribit: "...Joannes Georgius de Ziegler, Clipphausanus..." [Misnicus]).</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Klipphausen'')</small> * [[Coderovillare]]<ref name="Pertzer 1868">Pertzer, G. H. (Ed.) (1868). ''Formulae et Diplomata Lusatiae Superioris medii aevi''. Budissae: Typis Monasterii.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kodersdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kodrecy'')</small> * [[Colditia]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Colditz'')</small> * [[Corylivallium]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] seu [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Haselbachtal'')</small> * [[Cozwicia]]<ref name="Posee 1882"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Coswig'' seu ''Coswig bei Dresden''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kosowiki'')</small> * [[Crema (Saxonia)|Crema]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grimma''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Grima'')</small> * [[Crieba-Neovilla]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/><ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kreba-Neudorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Chrjebja-Nowa Wjes'')</small> * [[Crimnicium]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864">Gersdorf, E. G. (Ed.) (1864). ''Urkundenbuch del Hochstifts Meißen'' (Vol. 1-5). Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Crimmitschau'' seu ''Crimmitzschau'' seu ''Krimmitschau'' seu ''Krimmitzschau'')</small> * [[Crinitzberga]]<ref name="Niels 1729">Niels, L. (Ed.) (1729). ''Opera omnia: De Marchia et finitimis Saxoniae regionibus''. Francofurti & Lipsiae.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Crinitzberg'')</small> * [[Crischova]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kreischa'')</small> * [[Crostewicia]]<ref name="Erler XVI 1895">Erler, G. (Ed.) (1895). ''Die Matrikel der Universität Leipzig (1409–1559)''. In ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae'' (Haupttheil II, Band 16). Giesecke & Devrient. </ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Krostitz'')</small> * [[Crostwicia]]<ref name="Posse 1883">Posse, O. (Ed.) (1883). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Haupttheil I, Band 3. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen (1196–1234)''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Crostwitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Chrósćicy'')</small> * [[Crottendorfium]]<ref name="Wiessner 1937">Wiessner, H. (1937). ''Das Bistum Naumburg: Die Diözese'' (Vol. 1). Berolini: Walter de Gruyter & Co.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Crottendorf'')</small> * [[Crybenstenium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kriebstein'')</small> * [[Cubschicia]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kubschütz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kubšicy'')</small> * [[Cunionissilva]]<ref name="Posee 1882"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Cunewalde''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kumwałd''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Cunewaale'')</small> * [[Custodia Dei]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Herrnhut''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Ochranow''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Harrnhutt'' seu ''Harrnutt'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== D ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Dalamancia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lommatzsch''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hłomač'')</small> * [[Debelum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Döbeln''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Doblin'')</small> * [[Delicia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Delitzsch''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Delič'')</small> * [[Demicium-Thumicium]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/><ref name="Ermisch 1899">Ermisch, H. (Ed.) (1899). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Haupttheil I, Band B-4. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen (1381–1427)''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Demitz-Thumitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Zemicy-Tumicy'')</small> * [[Denheritium]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/><ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dennheritz'')</small> * [[Derium-Cyrenium]]<ref name="Ermisch 1899"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Diera-Zehren'')</small> * [[Desertum Elstri]]<ref name="Posse & Ermisch 1882">Posse, O., & Ermisch, H. (Ed.) (1882). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen (948–1234)'' (Vol. 1). Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Elsterheide''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Halštrowska Hola'')</small> * [[Dippoldiswalda]]<ref name="Kleppisius 1804">Kleppisius, G. (1804). ''Epitaphium veneratae caniciei senioris Gregorii Kleppisii. En Neues allgemeines Intelligenzblatt für Literatur und Kunst''. Lipsiae: Johann Conrad Hinrichs.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Dippoldiswalde''; colloquialiter ''Dipps'')</small> * [[Doberschizium]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Doberschütz'')</small> * [[Dobrusium-Gussigium]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/><ref name="Ermisch 1899"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Doberschau-Gaußig''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Dobruša-Huska'')</small> * [[Doma (Saxonia)|Doma]]<ref name="Posern-Klett 1875">Posern-Klett, K. F. von (Ed.) (1875). ''Urkundenbuch der Städte Dresden und Pirna''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dohma'')</small> * [[Dommitzia]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dommitzsch''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Domič'')</small> * [[Doninburgum]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dohna''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Donin'')</small> * [[Drebachium]]<ref name="Müller 1715"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Drebach'')</small> * [[Dresda]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Caput (urbs)|caput]] [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terrae foederalis]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dresden''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Drježdźany''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Draasn'')</small> * [[Duba]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bad Düben'')</small> * [[Dubrava (Saxonia)|Dubrava]]<ref name="Jecht 1896">Jecht, R. (Ed.) (1896). ''Codex Diplomaticus Lusatiae Superioris II: Sammlung der Urkunden für die Geschichte der Oberlausitz'' (Vol. 1). [[Gorlicium Germaniae|Gorlicii Germaniae]]: Oberlausitzische Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großdubrau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wulka Dubrawa'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== E ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Ecclesia Sancti Aegidii (Saxonia)|Ecclesia Sancti Aegidii]]<ref name="Hengst 2012">Hengst, K. (2012). Patrociny Settlement Names in Eastern Germany. In ''Patrociny Settlement Names in Europe''. Iustus Richter / Université de Debrecen.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''St. Egidien'' seu ''Sankt Egidien'')</small> * [[Eilenburgum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eilenburg''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Jiłow'')</small> * [[Elsnigium]]<ref name="SS 1378">Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (1378). ''Ältere Urkunden: Landgrafen von Thüringen übereignen dem Kloster Buch das Dorf Elsnig (Elsnyg)''. Sächsisches Staatsarchiv.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Elsnig'')</small> * [[Elstro]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913?p=249&cq=Ludwigshafen%20u.a.&lang=en ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Elstra''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Halštrow'')</small> * [[Episcopi Insula]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bischofswerda'' seu ''Schiebock''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Biskopicy''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Beschwere'' seu ''Schiebock'')</small> * [[Eppendorfium Misnicum]]<ref name="Kiesling 1753">Kiesling, J. R. (1753). ''Historia Concertationis Graecorum Latinorumque de Transsubstantiatione in Sacrae Eucharistiae Sacramento''. Ioannis Adami Bielckii.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eppendorf'')</small> * [[Ericeti Ava]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] seu [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Heidenau'')</small> * [[Ericetum Bellum]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schönheide'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== F ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Falcostenium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Falkenstein/Vogtl.'' seu ''Falkenstein/Vogtland''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Falkenstein''; [[Varisce]] ''Falkenstaa'')</small> * [[Flava (Saxonia)|Flava]]<ref name="Posse & Ermisch 1882"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Flöha'')</small> * [[Florivilla ad Lacum]]<ref name="AdWzG 1898"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Quitzdorf am See''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kwětanecy při jězoru'')</small> * [[Francavallis]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Frankenthal''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Frankln'')</small> * [[Frankenberga (Saxonia)|Frankenberga]]<ref name="Kiesling 1753"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Frankenberg/Sa.'')</small> * [[Frauenstenium (Saxonia)|Frauenstenium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Frauenstein'')</small> * [[Fraxinetum (Saxonia)|Fraxinetum]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Jesewitz'')</small> * [[Friberga]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Freiberg'')</small> * [[Frohburgum]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Frohburg'')</small> * [[Frohna Inferior]]<ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Niederfrohna'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== G ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Gelenavia]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gelenau/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Gelenau/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Gerhardi Villa]]<ref name="Stenzel XIV 1854">Stenzel, G. A. H. (Ed.) (1854). ''Liber Fundationis Episcopatus Vratislaviensis'' (Codex Diplomaticus Silesiae, Tomus XIV, Registrum Legniciense). Max & Comp.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gersdorf'')</small> * [[Geringswalda]]<ref name="Bernhardi 1777">Bernhardi, G. A. (1777). ''Beytrag zu einer Geschichte des Städtlein Geringswalda, und besonders des ehemals dabey gelegenen St. Marien-Klosters, Benedictiner-Ordens''. Johann Gottfried Müller.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Geringswalde''; colloquialiter ''Dessch'')</small> * [[Geyera]]<ref name="">Müller, J. B. (1710). ''Geographia Universalis, ex recentissimis observationibus ad usum iuventutis historicae''. Typis Johannis Henrici Schmidii.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Geyer'')</small> * [[Glaucha]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Glauchau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hłuchow''; [[Thuringico-Altosaxonice]] ''Glauche'')</small> * [[Gluboczkia]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Glaubitz'')</small> * [[Godavia]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Göda''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hodźij'')</small> * [[Gorcha]]<ref name="Jecht 1896"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Horka''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hórka'' seu ''Dołha Hórka''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Hurke'')</small> * [[Gorcum]]<ref name="Kinne 2014"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Obergurig''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hornja Hórka'')</small> * [[Gorisium]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gohrisch'')</small> * [[Gorlicium Germaniae]]<ref name="UL 1684">Universitas Lipsiensis (1684). ''Acta Eruditorum anno MDCLXXXIV publicata''. Lipsiae: Grossium & Gleditsch.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Görlitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Zhorjelc''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Gerlz'' seu ''Gerltz'' seu ''Gerltsch'')</small> * [[Gornavia]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gornau/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Gornau/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Gottleubia-Mons Gieshubelus]]<ref name="Sehling 1902">Sehling, E. (1902). ''Die evangelischen Kirchenordnungen des XVI. Jahrhunderts. Band I: Sachsen (De parochia et inspectione Gottleubiae)''. Lipsiae: O. R. Reisland.</ref><ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bad Gottleuba-Berggießhübel'')</small> * [[Groditium]]<ref name="UL 1684"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Gröditz'')</small> * [[Groisca]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Groitzsch'')</small> * [[Gytanum]]<ref name="Sächsisches Staatsarchiv 1905"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Geithain''; colloquialiter ''Geidn''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Chitań'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== H ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Haganoa]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großenhain''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wulki Hojn'')</small> * [[Hartensteinium (Saxonia)|Hartensteinium]]<ref>[https://www.google.de/books/edition/Thesaurus_iuris_feudalis/iCpXAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=hartensteinium+saxoniae&pg=RA2-PA898&printsec=frontcover De nomine proprio Latino ''Hartensteinium'' (Theodisce ''Hartenstein'') vide ''Thesaurum iuris feudalis'', tom. I, Francofurti ad Moenum 1750, p. 898.]</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hartenstein'')</small> * [[Hartmanni Villa (apud Chemnicium)|Hartmanni Villa]]<ref name="Ermisch VI 1879"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hartmannsdorf'')</small> * [[Hartmanni Villa-Diviteava]]<ref name="Stenzel XIV 1854"/><ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hartmannsdorf-Reichenau'')</small> * [[Hartmanni Villa prope Montem Ecclesiae]]<ref name="Stenzel XIV 1854"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hartmannsdorf bei Kirchberg'' seu ''Hartmannsdorf bei Saupersdorf'')</small> * [[Heidenrici Villa]]<ref name="Wutke XX 1900">Wutke, K. (Ed.) (1900). ''Codex Diplomaticus Silesiae: Regesten zur schlesischen Geschichte'' (Vol. 20). E. Woulfarth's Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Heidersdorf'')</small> * [[Heini Villa]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Heinsdorfergrund'')</small> * [[Henrici Villa]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dürrhennersdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Suche Hendrichecy'')</small> * [[Henricivilla]]<ref name="Kinne 2014"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Seifhennersdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wodowe Hendrichecy''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Hennerschdurf'' seu ''Seifhennerschdurf'' seu ''Seifhennaschdurf'')</small> * [[Hermanni Villa]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hermsdorf/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Hermsdorf/Erzgebirge'' seu ''Hermsdorf bei Frauenstein'')</small> * [[Herwigi Villa]]<ref name="Knauthe 1754">Knauthe, C. (1754). ''Annales Zittavienses, oder Zittauische denckwürdige Jahrbücher: Aus alten urkunden und geschicht-büchern zusammen getragen''. Johann Jacob Schöps.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Mittelherwigsdorf'')</small> * [[Hoyerswerda]]<ref name="UL 1734">Universitas Lipsiensis (1734). ''Solemnia Magistrorum Philosophiae et Artium: Ex recensione academiae''. Typis Langenhemiis.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hoyerswerda''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wojerecy''; colloquialiter ''Hoywoj'' seu ''Hoywoy'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== I ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Iabloncza]]<ref name="CDLS">Codex Diplomaticus Lusatiae Superioris I: Regesten der Urkunden Kaiser Karls IV. (1346–1378). [[Gorlicium Germaniae|Gorlicii]]: Oberlausitzische Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gablenz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Jabłońc'')</small> * [[Ibenstoka]]<ref name="Posee 1882"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Eibenstock'')</small> * [[Indago Baltgeri]]<ref name="SS 1296">Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (1296). ''Urkunden und Grenzabgrenzungen des Ritterguts Belgershain im Erbamt Grimma (Indago Baltgeri)''. Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Belgershain'')</small> * [[Inferior Villa (Saxonia)|Inferior Villa]]<ref name="SH 1951">Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv (1951). ''Ältere Urkunden des Zisterzienserklosters und der sächsischen Hochstifte (1190–1380)'' (Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae, Haupttheil I). Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden; et: Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv. (1951). ''Ältere Urkunden und Bergbau-Registraturen der sächsischen Bergstädte (1500–1680)'' (Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae, Haupttheil I). Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Niederdorf'')</small> * [[Ioannis Villa]]<ref name="Stenzel XIV 1854"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Jahnsdorf/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Jahnsdorf/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Ioanno-Georgiopolis]]<ref name="UL 1684"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Johanngeorgenstadt'')</small> * [[Ionis Villa]]<ref name="Jecht 1915">Jecht, R. (Ed.) (1915). ''Codex Diplomaticus Lusatiae Superioris IV: Sammlung der Urkunden für die Geschichte der Oberlausitz'' (Band 4, Regesten der Dörfer unter dem Oybin). Oberlausitzische Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Jonsdorf'' seu ''Kurort Jonsdorf'')</small> * [[Iordanis Villa]]<ref name="Ermisch VI 1879">Ermisch, H. (Ed.) (1879). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Haupttheil II, Band 6. Urkundenbuch der Stadt Chemnitz und ihrer Klöster''. Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gornsdorf'')</small> * [[Iustusburgum]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Jöhstadt'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== K ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Kiczer]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kitzscher'')</small> * [[Klingenberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Klingenberg'')</small> * [[Kotmarus (commune)|Kotmarus]]<ref name="Kirchmaier 1698">Kirchmaier, G. C. (1698). ''De fontibus fluminum Sprae et Albis: tractatus historico-geographicus in quo de eorum originibus in montibus Lusatiae agitur''. Vitebergae: Typis Christiani Schrödteri.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kottmar''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kotmar'')</small> * [[Kruschvicia]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Krauschwitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Krušwica'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== L ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Lambertisilva]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lampertswalde'')</small> * [[Lapis Parthenis]]<ref name="AdWzG I III 1898">Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (1898). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen'' (Hauptteil I, Band 3). Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Parthenstein'')</small> * [[Lapis Regis (Helvetia Saxonica)|Lapis Regis]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Königstein'' seu ''Königstein/Sächs. Schw.''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kralowc'')</small> * [[Lauta (Saxonia)|Lauta]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lauta''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Łuty'')</small> * [[Lawalda]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lawalde''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lěwałd'')</small> * [[Leisnicium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Leisnig''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lěsnik'')</small> * [[Lenifluvium]]<ref name="AdWzG 1898"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Pulsnitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Połčnica''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Bolzns'')</small> * [[Lesnicia]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lößnitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lěsnica'')</small> * [[Leubasivilla (Saxonia)|Leubasivilla]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Leubsdorf'')</small> * [[Lichtenberga (Circulus terrae Budissinensis)|Lichtenberga]] <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Budissinensis|Circulo terrae Budissinensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae">Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' -secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo- vertit</ref><ref name="Landkreis Bautzen">Theodisce ''Landkreis Bautzen''.</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/><ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lichtenberg''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Swětła'')</small> * [[Lichtenberga ad Montes Metalliferos]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lichtenberg/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Lichtenberg/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Limbachium-Frohnavia]]<ref name="Ludovici 1723">Ludovici, J. F. (1723). ''Volumen scriptorum clientelarium et feudalium Marchiae Misnicae''. Halae Magdeburgicae: Officina Rengeriana.</ref><ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Limbach-Oberfrohna'')</small> * [[Limosorivulus]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Limbach'')</small> * [[Lipschutza]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Liebschützberg'')</small> * [[Lipsia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Leipzig''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lipsk''; [[Thuringico-Altosaxonice]] ''Leibzsch'')</small> * [[Liubanici Urbs]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Löbnitz'')</small> * [[Lobavia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Löbau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lubij''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Liebe'')</small> * [[Locus Caelestis]]<ref name="Richter 1758">Richter, G. (1758). ''De lamiis et veneficis: Selecta iuris naturae et gentium exempla ex historia Saxonica et Lusatica''. Officina Breitkopfiana.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Nebelschütz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Njebjelčicy'')</small> * [[Lomena (Saxonia)|Lomena]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lohmen'')</small> * [[Longalborivulus]]<ref>Hoc commune in [[Circulus terrae Zviccaviensis|Circulo terrae Zviccaviensi]] Saxoniae situm ortum est cum antiqua communia Longorivulus (Theodisce ''Langenbach''), Alborivulus (Theodisce ''Weißbach'') et, postea, Slema (Theodisce ''Schlema'') [[1 Ianuarii|Kalendis Ianuariis]] anni [[1996]] coniuncta sint. Latino de toponymo "Longorivulus", vide: Calixtus, G. (1652). ''Historia de haeresibus et schismatibus variis eorumque confutationibus''. Helmaestadii: Typis Henningi Mulleri; et Latino de toponymo "Alborivulus", vide: Weiß, C. H. (1721). ''De scriptoribus historiae Saxonicae seculi XVII schediasma literarium''. Lipsiae: Apud Jo. Christianum Martinum. Quia hodiernum novi communis nomen Theodiscum, ''Langenweißbach'', nominum ''Langenbach'' et ''Weißbach'' [[verbum amalgamatum|vocabulum amalgamatum]] est, nomen "Longalborivulus" novo communi ex antiquiis nominibus "Longorivulus" et "Alborivulus" amalgamare possumus.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Langenweißbach'')</small> * [[Longavicia]]<ref name="SH 1864 II I">Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv (1864). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: II. Haupttheil, Band 1. Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Meißen und sächsischer Diözesen'' (Vol. 1). Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Oberlungwitz'')</small> * [[Longobernardivilla]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Langenbernsdorf'')</small> * [[Longocampus (Saxonia)|Longocampus]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lengenfeld'')</small> * [[Losavia]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lohsa''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Łaz'')</small> * [[Lossavia]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lossatal'')</small> * [[Luciabies]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lichtentanne'')</small> * [[Lucipetra]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lichtenstein/Sa.'' seu ''Lichtenstein/Sachsen'')</small> * [[Lucipratum]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lichtenau'')</small> * [[Luga (Saxonia)|Luga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lugau'')</small> * [[Lunzenavia]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lunzenau'')</small> * [[Lusicia]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Laußig'')</small> * [[Lusnicia]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Laußnitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Łužnica'')</small> * [[Lutgerivilla]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Leutersdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lutarjecy''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Leckerschdurf'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== M ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Maceria (Saxonia)|Maceria]]<ref name="Haubrichs 2020">Haubrichs, W. (2020). ''Étymologie: Objets, méthodes et perspectives''. Academia-Verlag.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Machern'')</small> * [[Magna Alberti Villa]]<ref name="Carpzov 1657"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großolbersdorf'')</small> * [[Magna Dubena]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Düben''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Dźěwin'')</small> * [[Magna Harthavia]]<ref name="Carpzov 1657">Carpzov, B. (1657). ''Decisiones Illustres Saxonicae: In quibus arduae et graves quaestiones in foro Saxonico'' (Vol. 2). Sumptibus Haeredum Schurerianorum.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Großharthau''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Hoarde'')</small> * [[Magna Hartmanni Villa]]<ref name="Stenzel XIV 1854"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großhartmannsdorf'')</small> * [[Magna Nova Villa]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Großnaundorf'')</small> * [[Magna Postvicia]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großpostwitz'' seu ''Großpostwitz/O.L.''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Budestecy'')</small> * [[Magna Pulchra Prata]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großschönau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wulki Šunow''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Grußschiene'')</small> * [[Magna Ruedigersdorfia]]<ref name="Carpzov 1657"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großröhrsdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wulke Rědorjecy''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Rihrschdurf'' seu ''Gaage'')</small> * [[Magna Schirma]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Großschirma'')</small> * [[Magna Swidnica]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großschweidnitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Swóńca'' seu ''Swidnica'' seu ''Swódnica''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Schweenz'')</small> * [[Magna Wizschena]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großweitzschen'')</small> * [[Malleus Muldae]]<ref name="Oettel 1748">Oettel, J. P. (1748). ''Alte und neue Historie der Königl. Pohln. und Churfürstl. Sächß. freyen Berg-Stadt Eybenstock''. Johann Jacob Schöps</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Muldenhammer'')</small> * [[Malscewiza]]<ref name="Kinne 2014">Kinne, H.-J. (2014). ''Das Kollegiatstift St. Petri zu Bautzen von der Gründung bis zum Reformationsjahrhundert (1221–1580)''. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen; De Gruyter; et: Kinne, H. (2014). ''Die Bistümer der Kirchenprovinz Magdeburg. Das Kollegiatstift St. Peter zu Bautzen von seiner Gründung bis zum 16. Jahrhundert'' (Germania Sacra, Dritte Folge 7). Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen / Walter de Gruyter.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Malschwitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Malešecy'')</small> * [[Mariaeberga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Marienberg'')</small> * [[Marquardi Villa]]<ref name="Sächsisches Staatsarchiv 1905">Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (1905). ''Diplomatarium Joachimsteinense: Die Urkunden der zur Herrschaft des freien weltadeligen evangelischen Fräuleinstifts Joachimstein gehörigen Rittergüter Radmeritz, Niecha, Markersdorf''. Baensch; et: Sächsisches Staatsarchiv. (1905). ''Urkundenbuch mit Regesten bedeutender Akten de Stadt Mittweida und ihrer Umgebung (1286–1500)'': Baensch.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Markersdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Markoćicy'')</small> * [[Mauritioburgum]]<ref name="Büttner 1712">Büttner, J. H. (1712). ''Genealogiae oder Stamm- und Geschlecht-Register der vornehmsten Lüneburgischen Adelichen Patricischen Geschlechter''. Luneburgi: Schultze</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Moritzburg'')</small> * [[Media Weida]]<ref name="Beyer II 1897">Beyer, C. (1897). ''Urkundenbuch der Stadt Erfurt'' (Vol. 2). [[Salinae Saxonicae|Salinis Saxonicis]]: Druck und Verlag von Otto Hendel.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Mittweida'')</small> * [[Merania (Saxonia)|Merania]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Meerane'')</small> * [[Mildenavia]]<ref name="AH 1786">Ab Academia Hallensi (1767). ''Luxum Germanorum XIII. Philosophiae et artium candidatis qui supremo hoc loco honore ab ordine philosophorum Lipsiensis magistri renuntiantur''... Lipsiae: Ex officina Langenhemia.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Mildenau'')</small> * [[Milsina (Saxonia)|Milsina]]<ref name="Gersdorf II I 1865">Gersdorf, E. G. (1865). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: II. Haupttheil, Band 1. Urkundenbuch der Stadt Leipzig''. Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Mülsen'')</small> * [[Misnia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Meißen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Mišno'')</small> * [[Mogelina Urbs]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Mügeln''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Mohilno'')</small> * [[Molendinorum Vallis (Saxonia)|Molendinorum Vallis]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Mühlental'')</small> * [[Mons Ecclesiae (Saxonia)|Mons Ecclesiae]]<ref name="Stenzel XIV 1854"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchberg'')</small> * [[Mons Lapideus Variscorum]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Steinberg'')</small> * [[Mons Picae]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Elsterberg'')</small> * [[Mons Praetorianus]]<ref name="Mencke 1728">Mencke, J. B. (1728). ''Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, praecipue Saxonicarum, in quibus scriptores aliquot rariotes nusquam adhuc editi''. [[Lipsia]]e: E. Martini; et: Mencke, J. B. (1728). ''Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, praecipue Saxonicarum'' (Tomus I). Lipsiae: Ioannes Christianus Martinus; et: Mencke, J. B. (1728). ''Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, praecipue Saxonicarum'' (Vol. 2). Sumptibus Ioannis Christiani Martini.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Amtsberg'')</small> * [[Mons Trifolium]]<ref name="Posse III 1898">Posse, O. (1898). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: I. Haupttheil, Band 3. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen (1196–1234)''. Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Markkleeberg'')</small> * [[Montes (Saxonia)|Montes]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bergen'')</small> * [[Mucherini]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Mockrehna'')</small> * [[Muckavium]]<ref name="SS 1930">Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (1930). ''Urkunden und Akten der Standesherrschaft Muskau: Prozesse und Klagen des fürstlichen Dominiums gegen die Schäfer zu Mücka''. Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Mücka''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Mikow'')</small> * [[Muldavium Saxonicum]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Mulda/Sa.'' seu ''Mulda/Sachsen'')</small> * [[Muscavia]]<ref name="UW 1685">Universität Wittenberg (1685). ''Album Academiae Vitebergensis: Tituli, inscriptiones et matriculae studiosorum (Johannes Henricus Cuntze, Muscavia-Lusatus)''. Ex officina typographica.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Muskau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Mužakow'')</small> * [[Myla (Saxonia)|Myla]]<ref name="Posse III 1897">Posse, O. (1897). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: I. Haupttheil, Band 3. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen (1196–1234)''. Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Mühlau'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== N ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Neofanum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Markneukirchen''; [[Varisce]] ''Neikirng'')</small> * [[Neokieritzschium]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neukieritzsch'')</small> * [[Neostadium ad Stolpam]]<ref name="Cotton 1831">Cotton, H. (1831). ''A Typographical Gazetteer'' (II ed.). Oxford University Press.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neustadt i. Sa.'' seu ''Neustadt in Sachsen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] '' Nowe Město w Sakskej'')</small> * [[Neostadium in Terra Advocatorum]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neustadt/Vogtl.'' et ''Neustadt/Vogtland'')</small> * [[Neovilla Germanica]]<ref name="Müller 1715">Müller, C. (1715). ''Saxoniae Electoralis Descriptio Historico-Geographica''. Lipsiae: Officina Gleditschiana.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Deutschneudorf'')</small> * [[Neswitza]]<ref name="Kinne 2014"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neschwitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Njeswačidło'')</small> * [[Netscha]]<ref name="Patze & Dolle 2000">Patze, H. & Dolle, J. (2000). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Naumburg: Teil 2 (1207–1304)''. Böhlau Verlag.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Netzschkau'')</small> * [[Nigromontium (Saxonia)|Nigromontium]]<ref name="Avianus 1589"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schwarzenberg/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Schwarzenberg/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Nivemontium (Saxonia)|Nivemontium]]<ref name="Avianus 1589">Avianius, I. (1589). ''ΜΟΥΣΑΙ ΣΥΓΧΑΙΡΟΥΣΑΙ ablegatae ad doctissimum optimumque adolescentem d. Bartholomaeum Cothium Nivemontium, quo tempore emeritum magisterii gradum philosophi Ienenses decreto suo illi concesserant''. Typis Academiae Ienensis.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Schneeberg'')</small> * [[Nova Curia (Saxonia)|Nova Curia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Naunhof'')</small> * [[Nova Ecclesia (Montes Metalliferi)|Nova Ecclesia]]<ref name="Ermisch 1879">Ermisch, H. (1879). ''Urkundenbuch der Stadt Chemnitz und ihrer Klöster''. In der Buchhandlung de Waisenhauses.</ref> <small>(in [[Montes Metalliferi (circulus)|Circulo Montium Metalliferorum]]<ref name="CMM"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neukirchen/Erzgeb.'' et ''Neukirchen/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Nova Ecclesia (prope Regiopontum)|Nova Ecclesia]]<ref name="Knothe 1875">Knothe, H. (1875). ''Urkundenbuch von Kamenz und seiner Umgebung''. Selbstverlag der Oberlausitzischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>(prope [[Regiopontum]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neukirch''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Neukirch pola Kinsporka'')</small> * [[Nova Ecclesia ad Pleissam]]<ref name="Patze & Dolle 2000"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neukirchen/Pleiße'')</small> * [[Nova Ecclesia in Lusatia]]<ref name="OGdW 1851"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neukirch/Lausitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wjazońca''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Neungirch'')</small> * [[Nova Salza-Spremberga]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/><ref name="OGdW 1851"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neusalza-Spremberg''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Nowosólc-Horni Hródk''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Neusaalz (-Spraamerch) bzw. Sprembsch'')</small> * [[Nova Villa (Saxonia)|Nova Villa]]<ref name="SH I III 1898">Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv (1898). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: Haupttheil I, Band 3. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen (1196–1234; und Regesten bis 1380)''. Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Naundorf'')</small> * [[Novae Aedes in Montibus Metallicis]]<ref name="SH I III 1898"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neuhausen/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Neuhausen/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Novale Dominae]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Fraureuth'')</small> * [[Novoforum (Saxonia)|Novoforum]]<ref name="SS 1935">Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (1935). ''Urkunden und Akten der Grundherrschaft Schönfels: Registrierungen über die Nachbardörfer im Grenzgebiet des Vogtlandes''. Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neumark'')</small> * [[Novum Salium]]<ref name="SH I III 1898"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neuensalz'')</small> * [[Nuncheriza]]<ref name="Gersdorf II II">Gersdorf, E. G. (1865). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: II. Haupttheil, Band 2. Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Meissen'' (Vol. 2). Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Nünchritz'')</small> * [[Nussena]]<ref name="SH II XVIII 1903">Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv (1903). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: II. Haupttheil, Band 18. Urkundenbuch der Städte Dresden und Pirna und der sächsischen Klöster''. Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Nossen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Nosyn'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== O ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Oderwitzium]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Oderwitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wódrjeńca''; [[Supralusatice]]; ''Uderwitz'')</small> * [[Oederanum]]<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=0HJGAAAAcAAJ&pg=PT27&lpg=PT27&dq=%22Oederanum%22&source=bl&ots=Ipk3ZXW6eM&sig=xXpZe8oE_ahkHQGyhRoMu1e4JBM&hl=it&sa=X&ei=nvwyVJaMOrKS7AaNhIDgCg&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=%22Oederanum%22&f=false Freibergi descriptio atque annales a.c. 1564 collecti (Google eBook) - Georg Fabricius, 1710].</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Oederan'')</small> * [[Oelsnitium (Terra Advocatorum)|Oelsnitium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>(in [[Terra advocatorum|Terra Advocatorum]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Oelsnitz/Vogtl.'' seu ''Oelsnitz/Vogtland''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wolešnica'')</small> * [[Olnitium (Montes Metalliferi)|Olnitium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>(in [[Montes Metalliferi (circulus)|Circulo Montium Metalliferorum]]<ref name="CMM"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Oelsnitz/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Oelsnitz im Erzgebirge''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wolešnica'')</small> * [[Osselinga]]<ref name="Kinne 2014"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Oßling''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wóslink'')</small> * [[Ossitium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Oschatz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Woseč'')</small> * [[Otterwischium]]<ref name="Friedensburg 1926">Friedensburg, W. (1926). ''Urkundenbuch der Universität Wittenberg'' (Geschichtsquellen der Provinz Sachsen und des Freistaates Anhalt, Neue Reihe 3). [[Magdeburgum|Magdeburgi]]: Selbstverlag de Historischen Commission.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Otterwisch'')</small> * [[Ottonis Villa-Okrilla]]<ref name="SH II I 1864">Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv. (1864). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: II. Haupttheil, Band 1. Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Meißen und sächsischer Diözesen''. Giesecke & Devrient.</ref><ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ottendorf-Okrilla''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Woćicy-Okrila'')</small> * [[Ostravia (Saxonia)|Ostravia]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ostritz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wostrowc''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Usterz'')</small> * [[Owa-Palus Slemensis]]<ref name="">Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Naumburg (1999). ''Regesta et diplomata episcopatus Naumburgensis (1207-1304)''. (Ed. ab H. J. Kirsch). [[Colonia Agrippina|Coloniae Agrippinae]]: Böhlau Verlag.</ref><ref name="Mencke 1730">Mencke, J. B. (1730). ''Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, praecipue Saxonicarum, in quibus scriptores aliquot rariotes nusquam adhuc editi''. Lipsiae: E. Martini.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Aue-Bad Schlema'')</small> * [[Oybinium]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Oybin''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Ojwin'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== P ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Palus Regia]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bad Lausick'')</small> * [[Pancicium-Kucovium]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/><ref name="Knothe 1879">Knothe, H. (1879). ''Geschichte des Tuchmacherhandwerks in der Oberlausitz bis zum Einkommen der Innungen''. Druck von G. Schönfeld; et: Knothe, H. (1879). ''Urkundenbuch des Cistercienserklosters St. Marienstern in der Oberlausitz''. [[Salinae Saxonicae|Salinis Saxonicis]]: Waisenhaus.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Panschwitz-Kuckau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Pančicy-Kukow'')</small> * [[Parvum Nemus Lusaticum]]<ref name="Jecht 1896"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hähnichen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wosečk''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Hahnchn'')</small> * [[Parvum Nemus Misnicum]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hainichen'')</small> * [[Parvum Nemus Silvae]]<ref name="Carpzov 1657"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hainewalde''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Heenewaale'')</small> * [[Passini]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großpösna'')</small> * [[Pegavia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Pegau'')</small> * [[Penica]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Penig'')</small> * [[Petra Ursi (Saxonia)|Petra Ursi]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bärenstein'')</small> * [[Pirna]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Pirna''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Pěrno'')</small> * [[Plavia Variscorum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Plauen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Pławno'')</small> * [[Pocavia-Longocampus]]<ref name="IfSGuV 2025"/><ref name="SH 1925">Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv (1925). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Urkundenbuch der Kirchen und Klöster im Erzgebirge''. Wilhelm Engelmann.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Pockau-Lengefeld'')</small> * [[Polium (Saxonia)|Polium]]<ref name="SH 1928">Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv (1928). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Urkundenbuch der Vögte von Weida, Gera und Plauen''. Wilhelm Engelmann.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Pöhl'')</small> * [[Pons Regularis]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Halsbrücke'')</small> * [[Praepositia]]<ref name="AdWzG 1898">Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (1898). ''Historisches Ortsnamenbuch von Sachsen: Appellativischer Wortschatz im Namenbestand''. Giesecke & Devrient; et: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (1898). ''Historisches Ortsnamenbuch von Sachsen: Linguistische Analyse und Etymologie der slawisch-germanischen Grenzflüsse''. Giesecke & Devrient; et: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (1898). ''Historisches Ortsnamenbuch von Sachsen: Linguistische Analyse und Etymologie der slawischen Personennamen im Denkmalsbestand''. Giesecke & Devrient; et: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (1898). ''Historisches Ortsnamenbuch von Sachsen: Linguistische Analyse und slawisch-germanische Etymologie der Oberlausitz''. Giesecke & Devrient; et: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (1898). ''Historisches Ortsnamenbuch von Sachsen: Linguistische Analyse und germanische Etymologie der osterzgebirgischen Siedlungen''. Giesecke & Devrient. </ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Priestewitz'')</small> * [[Pratum Alnorum]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Erlau'')</small> * [[Pratum Capreoli]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bockau''; [[Metalliferomontane]] ''Bucke'')</small> * [[Pratum Corvi]]<ref name="AdWzG 1898"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Rabenau'')</small> * [[Pratum Fulcimentorum]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Stützengrün''; localiter dialectaliter ''Stitzngrie'')</small> * [[Pratum Inferius (Saxonia)|Pratum Inferius]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Niederau'')</small> * [[Pratum Nissae]]<ref name="OGdW 1851">Oberlausitzische Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften (1851). ''Codex diplomaticus Lusatiae superioris: Sammlung von Urkunden zur Geschichte des Markgrafthums Oberlausitz'' (Vol. 1). In der Buchhandlung des Waisenhauses.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neißeaue''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Nysowa łučina'')</small> * [[Pussa-Mulitrophia]]<ref name="SS 2005">Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (2005). ''Urkunden- und Kanzleiwesen der sächsischen Städte im Spätmittelalter''. Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden.</ref><ref name="IfSGuV 2025">Institut für Sächsische Geschichte und Volkskunde [ISGV] (2025). ''Digitales Historisches Ortsverzeichnis von Sachsen: Dokumentation des castrum und der Stadt Mühltroff''. ISGV Dresden Online.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Pausa-Mühltroff'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== Q ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Quercetum (Saxonia)|Quercetum]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703">Cellarius, C. (1703). ''Notitia Orbis Antiqui, sive Geographia Plenior, ab Ortum Rerumpublicarum ad Constantinorum Tempora''. Impensis Ioannis Friderici Gleditschii.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eichigt''; [[Varisce]] ''Maechlicht'' seu ''Machlich)'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== R ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Racovitium]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Rackwitz'')</small> * [[Radeberga]]<ref name="Leyser & Cundisius 1627">Leyser, W., & Cundisius, G. (1627). ''Cum Christo, de Christo publica disquisitio instituetur 20 Decemb. praeside Wilhelmo Lysero... respondente M. Godofredo Cundisio, Radeberga-Misnico''. Typis haered. Salom. Auerbach.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Radeberg'')</small> * [[Radebule]]<ref name="SS sd">Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (sine die). ''Ältere Urkunden (Bestand 10001): Urkundenbuch-Regesten zu Orten im Meißner Raum (Radebule, Meißen, Zschaitz)''. Sächsisches Staatsarchiv; Sächsisches Staatsarchiv. (s.d.). ''Ältere Urkunden (Bestand 10001): Urkundenregesten der Amtshauptmannschaft Freiberg''. Sächsisches Staatsarchiv; et: Sächsisches Staatsarchiv. (s.d.). ''Ältere Urkunden: Besitzrechte und Lehnsakten des Rittergutes Rietschen samt Niederprauske''. Sächsisches Staatsarchiv; et: Sächsisches Staatsarchiv. (s.d.). ''Ältere Urkunden (Bestand 10001): Urkundenregesten des Kollegiatstifts St. Peter zu Bautzen (Pfarrei Slepe / Schleife)''. Sächsisches Staatsarchiv; et: Sächsisches Staatsarchiv. (s.d.). ''Ältere Urkunden (Bestand 10001): Urkundenregesten zu Besitzrechten der Herrschaft und des Schlosses Schönberg''. Sächsisches Staatsarchiv; et: Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (s. d.). ''Ältere Urkunden: Besitzrechte, Lehnsakten und Gerichtsunterlagen des Rittergutes Steina bei Pulsnitz''. Sächsisches Staatsarchiv.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Radebeul''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Radobyle'')</small> * [[Radeburgum]]<ref name="Cardano 1550">Cardano, G. (1550). De subtilitate libri XXI. Iohannes Petreius.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Radeburg'')</small> * [[Radibor]]<ref name="Gersdorf I III 1864">Gersdorf, E. G. (1864). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: Haupttheil 1, Band 3. Urkunden der Markgrafen de Meissen und Landgrafen von Thüringen''. Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] 'Radibor''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Radwor'')</small> * [[Ralbitium-Rosarum Vallis]]<ref name="-itium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-itz'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-itium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Rockelvitium]], [[Denheritium]], [[Groditium]], [[Oelsnitium (Terra Advocatorum)|Oelsnitium]], [[Olnitium (Montes Metalliferi)|Olnitium]], [[Racovitium]] apud hunc articulum.</ref><ref name="Rosarum Vallis">Theodiscum toponymum ''Rosenthal'' "Rosarum Vallis" latinizari solet. Exempli gratia, vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenaref/dupuy/dupuy1/Dupuy_nomina.html ''Nominum propriorum Virorum, Mulierum, Populorum, etc...''], ubi dicitur "(...) Rosarum vallis, ''Rosenthal'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ralbitz-Rosenthal''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Ralbicy-Róžant'')</small> * [[Rammenavia]]<ref name="-avia">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-au'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-avia-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: Sc(h)ongavia, Sec(c)lavia, Sit(t)avia, [[Sprottavia]], [[Spandavia]], Steinavia, Sundgavia, [[Thurnavia]], [[Torgavia]], [[Troppavia]], [[Velavia]], [[Wolavia]], [[Aravia]], [[Arnavia]], Batavia, [[Boleslavia]], Brisigavia, [[Burgavia]], Crumavia, [[Crumlavia]], Czasslavia, [[Dessavia]], Dirschavia, Iglavia, [[Gilavia Borussica]], [[Gilavia Germanica]], Glauchavia, Gloavia, [[Grotgavia]], Hirschavia, Iaroslavia, [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], Lindavia, [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], Namslavia, Nazzavia, [[Neoboleslavia]], Olavia, Oppavia, [[Pegavia]], Pil(l)avia, [[Premislavia]], apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Rammenau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Ramnow''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Roamm'')</small> * [[Ransteta]]<ref name="Gersdorf II IX I 1865">Gersdorf, E. G. (1865). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: II. Haupttheil, Band 9. Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Merseburg'' (Vol. 1). Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Markranstädt'')</small> * [[Raschavia-Marquardi Villa]]<ref name="Doppert 1725">Doppert, J. (1725). ''Hoc Monumentum Absentiae Christiani Frid. Veigelii, Raschavia Misnici Prope Lucum Viridem, Iuvenis Politi Pariterque Modesti, Auditoris''. Typis Fulda.</ref><ref name="Gersdorf I III 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Raschau-Markersbach'')</small> * [[Rathen]]<ref name="Gersdorf II I 1864">Gersdorf, E. G. (1864). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: Haupttheil 2, Band 1. Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Meißen (Teil 1: 962–1356)''. Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Rathen'')</small> * [[Rathmannsdorfium]]<ref name="-dorfium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]], Altdorfium, Burgdorfium, [[Ensdorfium]], Oberndorfium apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Rathmannsdorf'')</small> * [[Rechenberga-Molendinum Apium]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="SS sd"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Rechenberg-Bienenmühle'')</small> * [[Regiocampus (Saxonia)|Regiocampus]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Königsfeld'')</small> * [[Regiopontum]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652">Calixtus, G. (1652). ''Historia de haeresibus et schismatibus variis eorumque confutationibus''. Helmaestadii: Typis Henningi Mulleri.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Königsbrück''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kinspork'')</small> * [[Regiosilva (Circulus terrae Gorliciensis)|Regiosilva]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Gorliciensis|Circulo terrae Gorliciensi]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Gorliciensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Görlitz'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Gorliciensis-e" ad [[Gorlicium Germaniae|Gorlicium]] refertur. Quod de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Königshain''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kralowski haj'')</small> * [[Regiosilva (Montes Metalliferi)|Regiosilva]]<ref name="Lehmann">Lehmann, C. (1699). ''Historia historico-geographica de limitibus et mirabilibus montium metalliferorum Saxonicorum''. Dresdae: Typis Baumannianis.</ref> <small>(in [[Montes Metalliferi (circulus)|Circulo Montium Metalliferorum]]<ref name="CMM">"Nuntii Latini Bremenses", [https://www.bremenzwei.de/themen/latein-nachrichten-rueckblick-september-102.html Septembris 2024, "Pauli Praemium Atrii Artificialis Bremensis tributum"].</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Königswalde''; [[Metalliferomontane]] ''Kinnesch’wall'')</small> * [[Regiosilva-Wideravia]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/><ref name="Schmid 1705">Schmid, J. (1705). ''Dies fasti Academiae Lipsiensis, continens dissertationes et panegyricas orationes''. Lipsiae: Typis Fleischerianis.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Königshain-Wiederau'')</small> * [[Regiovarda]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Königswartha''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Rakecy'')</small> * [[Regis-Breitinga]]<ref name="Wiessner 1998">Wiessner, H. (1998). ''Das Bistum Naumburg 1,1. Die Diözese (Germania Sacra, Neue Folge 35,1)''. Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte / Walter de Gruyter.</ref><ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Regis-Breitingen'')</small> * [[Reichenbachium Lusatiae]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Reichenbach/O.L.''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Rychbach'')</small> * [[Reichenbachium Variscorum]]<ref name="Huldreich 1705">Huldreich, J. B. (1705). ''Miscellanea Tigurina: exhibentia eruditorum potissimum Tigurinorum elogia, ephemerides, et elenchos''. Typis Bodmerianis.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Reichenbach im Vogtland''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Reichenbach''; [[Varisce]] ''Reignbach'')</small> * [[Reinhardtsdorfium-Schoena]]<ref name="-dorfium"/><ref name="De la Vega V 1791">De la Vega, J. (1791). ''Diccionario Geográfico Universal, que comprehende la descripción de las quatro partes del mundo (Vol. 5)''. [[Matritum|Matriti]]: Imprenta Real.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Reinhardtsdorf-Schöna'')</small> * [[Reinsberga (Saxonia)|Reinsberga]]<ref name="-berga"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Reinsberg'')</small> * [[Reinsdorfium (Saxonia)|Reinsdorfium]]<ref name="-dorfium"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Reinsdorf'')</small> * [[Remsea]]<ref name="UL 1720">Universitas Lipsiensis (1720). ''Monumentum Praeclarae Ut Virtutis, Sic Optimae Spei Iuvenis, Domini Christiani Friderici Philippi, Remsea Misnici Strenui Iurium Cultoris''. Ex officina typographica SLUB Dresdae (Sub nota: Op.var.22.m,misc.133).</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Remse'')</small> * [[Rezowiensis Civitas]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Riesa''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Ryzawa'')</small> * [[Rietschen]]<ref name="SS sd"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Rietschen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Rěčicy'')</small> * [[Rivus Rosarum Lusatiae]]<ref name="Hoffmann 1719">Hoffmann, C. G. (1719). ''Scriptores rerum Lusaticarum antiqui & recentiores, seu Monumenta antiqua, praecipue ad Lusatiam utramque spectantia'' (Vol. 1). Sumptibus Davidis Peetzii.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Rosenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Rosarum Variscorum]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Rosenbach/Vogtl.'' seu ''Rosenbach/Vogtland'')</small> * [[Rockelvitium]]<ref name="Knothe 1883">Knothe, H. (1883). ''Analecta selecta ad historiam Lusatiae Superioris spectantia''. Sumptibus Societatis Scientiarum Budissinensis.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Räckelwitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Worklecy'')</small> * [[Rodewa]]<ref name="Posse 1889">Posse, O. (Ed.) (1889). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: Haupttheil 1, Band 2. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen (1100–1195)''. Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Rötha'')</small> * [[Rodewischia]]<ref>Hoc Latinum toponymum regressive derivatur Latino e gentilicio "Rodewischianus-a-um". Quo de gentilicio, vide: Schöttgen, C., & Kreysig, G. C. (1755). ''Diplomataria et scriptores historiae Germanicae medii aevi cum sigillis (Vol. 3)''. Officina Richteriana.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Rodewisch''; [[Varisce]] ''Ruewisch'' seu ''Ruebisch'')</small> * [[Rosarum Vallis-Vallis Bielae]]<ref name="Rosarum Vallis"/><ref name="Cardano 1550"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Rosenthal-Bielatal'')</small> * [[Rossavia (Saxonia)|Rossavia]]<ref name="-avia"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Rossau'')</small> * [[Roswyn]]<ref name="Posse III 1898"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Roßwein''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Roswin'')</small> * [[Rothenburgium Lusatiae]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Rothenburg/Oberlausitz'' seu ''Rothenburg/O.L.''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Rózbork''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Ruttnburg'')</small> * [[Rotlizi]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Rochlitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Rochlica'')</small> * [[Rudigerivilla Arida-Theodericibachium]]<ref name="Posee 1882"/><ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dürrröhrsdorf-Dittersbach'')</small> * [[Rueckerswalda Magna]]<ref name="Carpzov 1657"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großrückerswalde'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== S ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Scheibenberga]]<ref name="Kirsch 1729">Kirsch, C. G. (1729). ''Casus De Poena Dupli Ob Hypothecam Judicialem''. Typis Ioannis Christiani Hilligeri / Universitas Halensis.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Scheibenberg'')</small> * [[Schirgiswalda-Kirschavia]]<ref name="-walda">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-wald'' seu ''-walde'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-walda-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Dippoldiswalda]], [[Geringswalda]], [[Lawalda]], [[Rueckerswalda Magna]] apud hunc articulum.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small><ref name="-avia"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schirgiswalde-Kirschau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Šěrachow-Korzym''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Schirgswaale-Kirsche'')</small> * [[Schoena Superior]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Oberschöna'')</small> * [[Schoenavia-Berzdorfium]]<ref name="Crell & Frenzel 1743">Crell, C. L. (Pr.), & Frenzel, J. G. (Resp.). (1743). ''Observationes De Ivre Connvbiorvm Speciatim In Lvsatia Svperiore''. Typis Ioannis Friderici Schlomachi / Universitas Vitembergensis.</ref><ref name="-dorfium"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schönau-Berzdorf auf dem Eigen'' seu ''Schönau-Berzdorf a. d. Eigen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Schönau-Berzdorf'')</small> * [[Schonbachium (Saxonia)|Schonbachium]]<ref name="Nicolosi II 1660">Nicolosi, J. B. (1660). ''Parallela geographiae veteris et novae: Tomus Secundus''. Typis Michaelis Herculis.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schönbach''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Šumbach''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Schimmch'')</small> * [[Schonwolkavia]]<ref name="-avia"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schönwölkau'')</small> * [[Schwepnitium]]<ref name="-itium"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schwepnitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Sepicy'')</small> * [[Scudici]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schkeuditz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Skudźicy'')</small> * [[Sebnitium]]<ref name="-itium"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Sebnitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Zebnica'' seu ''Sebnica'')</small> * [[Seiffen]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Seiffen/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Seiffen/Erzgebirge''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Seiffen'')</small> * [[Silva Hartha]]<ref name="Carpzov 1657"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hartha'')</small> * [[Sitavia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Zittau'' et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Žitawa''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Sitte'')</small> * [[Slatina]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schlettau'')</small> * [[Slepe]]<ref name="SS sd"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schleife''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Slepo''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Slepico-Sorabice]] ''Slěpe'')</small> * [[Smelna-Putzkavia]]<ref name="Hoffmann 1719"/><ref name="-avia"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schmölln-Putzkau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Smělna-Póckowy'')</small> * [[Sohlandia ad Spreham]]<ref name="-landia">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-land'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-landia-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amelandia]], [[Bevelandia Australis]], [[Bevelandia Septentrionalis]], [[Bolandia]], [[Iutlandia]], [[Curlandia]], [[Estlandia]], [[Finlandia]], [[Flevolandia]], [[Friedlandia]], [[Islandia]], [[Gothlandia]], [[Hollandia]], [[Ingermanlandia]], [[Isalandia]] [[Lalandia]], [[Langelandia]], [[Oehtlandia]] [[Olandia]], [[Sallandia]], [[Samlandia]] [[Zelandia]], [[Selandia]] [[Fotlandia]], [[Wermelandia]] [[Withlandia]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Sohland an der Spree'' seu ''Sohland a. d. Spree''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Załom'')</small> * [[Stauchitium]]<ref name="-itium"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Stauchitz'')</small> * [[Steina]]<ref name="SS sd"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Steina''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Sćenjow'')</small> * [[Steinigtwolmsdorfium]]<ref name="-dorfium"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Steinigtwolmsdorf'' et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wołbramecy''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Wunnsdurf'' seu ''Wumpe'' seu ''Steenigwupte'')</small> * [[Stolipolis]]<ref name="UL 1602">Universitas Lipsiensis (1602). ''Epithalamia In Honorem Ornatissimi Et Doctissimi Viri Domini Georgii Fabricii Stolipolitani''. Typis Iohanni Schnorri.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Stollberg/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Stollberg/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Stolpa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Stolpen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Stołpin'' seu ''Stołpno'')</small> * [[Strela]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Strehla''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Strjela'')</small> * [[Struppa]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud hunc articulum; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Struppen'')</small> * [[Susudata]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Sayda'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== T ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Tannenberg (Sachsen)|Tannenberg]] * [[Taucha]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Taura]] * [[Tauscha]] * [[Thalheim/Erzgeb.]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Thallwitz]] * [[Tharandt]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Theosebia]]<ref name="AdWzG 1898"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Puschwitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bóšicy'')</small> * [[Thermalbad Wiesenbad]] * [[Theuma]] * [[Thiendorf]] * [[Thum]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Thümmlitzwalde]] * [[Tirpersdorf]] * [[Tollanum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&cq=M%C3%BCnchen&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Dolan'')</small> * [[Torgau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Trebendorf]] * [[Trebnicia Elstri]]<ref name="Friedrich 1904">Friedrich, G. (Ed.) (1904). ''Codex Diplomaticus et Epistolaris Regni Bohemiae'' (Vol. 1). Sumptibus Comitiorum Regni Bohemiae.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Elstertrebnitz'')</small> * [[Trebsen/Mulde]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Treuen]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Triebel/Vogtl.]] * [[Triebischtal]] * [[Trimurica]]<ref name="Posse 1883"/><ref name="Hanspach 2014">Hanspach, D. (2024). ''Silva, nemus, merica, forestum: Die ältesten schriftlichen Wald- und Heidebelege im Lehnbuch Friedrich des Strengen''. In ''Arbeits- und Forschungsberichte zur sächsischen Bodendenkmalpflege'' (Band 32). Dresdae: Landesamt für Archäologie Sachsen.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dreiheide'')</small> * [[Trossin]] {{div col end}} ==== V ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Vallis Ganae]]<ref name="SH I III 1898"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Jahnatal'')</small> * [[Vallis Ignominiosa]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Schandau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Žandow'')</small> * [[Vallis Kobilizensis]]<ref name="">Ernst, J. (Ed.) (1968). ''Formulae Merovingici et Karolini Aevi'' (Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Legum Sectio V). [[Hannovera]]e: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Käbschütztal'')</small> * [[Vallis Libera]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Freital'')</small> * [[Vallis Lutosa]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bahretal'')</small> * [[Vallis Moglicia]]<ref name="Gersdorf IV 1870">Gersdorf, E. G. (1870). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: Haupttheil I, Band 4. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen (1235–1300)''. Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Müglitztal'')</small> * [[Vallis Pratensis Superior]]<ref name="SH 1951"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Oberwiesenthal'')</small> * [[Vallis Raderae]]<ref name="Gersdorf II I 1864"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Röderaue'')</small> * [[Vallis Scepis]]<ref name="Hoffmann 1719"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schöpstal''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Šepcowy Doł'')</small> * [[Vallis Sehmae]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Sehmatal'')</small> * [[Vallis Sonorosa]]<ref name="Mencke 1730"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Klingenthal'' seu ''Klingenthal/Sa.''; [[Varisce]] ''Klingedool'')</small> * [[Vallis Spreae]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Spreetal''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Sprjewiny Doł'')</small> * [[Vallis Stregis]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Striegistal'')</small> * [[Villa Bavari]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Beiersdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bejerecy'')</small> * [[Villa Bernardi (Circulus terrae Zviccaviensis)|Villa Bernardi]] <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Zviccaviensis|Circulo terrae Zviccaviensi]]<ref name="CTZ">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Zviccaviensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Zwickau'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Cygnea]]m" -ad quod gentilicium "Zviccaviensis-e" refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}. Quo de gentilicio, confer "[[Codex Statutorum Zviccaviensium|Codex Statutorum Zviccaviensium]]", anno [[1348]] scriptum.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bernsdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Bernardi (Lusatia Superior)|Villa Bernardi]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> (in [[Lusatia superior|Lusatia Superior]]e) <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bernsdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Njedźichow'')</small> * [[Villa Bertholdi Montana]]<ref name="Prochno 1939">Prochno, J. (1939). ''Zittauer Urkundenbuch, Band 1: Regesten zur Geschichte der Stadt und des Landes Zittau 1234–1437''. [[Sitavia]]e: Mitteilungen del Zittauer Geschichts- und Museumsvereins.</ref><ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bertsdorf-Hörnitz'')</small> * [[Villa Boni]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bennewitz'')</small> * [[Villa Chemnitzia]]<ref name="Buddeus 1704">Buddeus, J. F. (1704). ''Historia iuris naturalis, seculi iussu et auctoritate potissimum Samuelis Pufendorfii restituti''. Halae Magdeburgicae: Typis et impensis Ioannis Friderici Zeitleri.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dorfchemnitz'' seu ''Dorfchemnitz bei Sayda'')</small> * [[Villa Ernfridi]]<ref name="SS 1490">Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (1490). ''Ältere Urkunden: Andreas Trapp, Verweser des Altars Johannes’ des Täufers in der Pfarrkirche Ehrenfriedersdorf (Ernfridißdorff)''. Sächsisches Staatsarchiv.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ehrenfriedersdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Indaginis]]<ref name="Posse 1881"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dorfhain'')</small> * [[Villa Panis]]<ref name="Mencke 1730"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bannewitz'')</small> * [[Viridifluxus]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grünbach''; [[Varisce]] ''Grieboch'')</small> * [[Viridis Lucus-Bavaricum Feldum]]<ref name="Carpzov 1657"/><ref name="Ermisch 1864">Ermisch, H. (Ed.). (1864). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Haupttheil II, Band 1. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grünhain-Beierfeld'')</small> * [[Viridulum Nemus]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Grünhainichen'')</small> * [[Virsnia Inferior]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Niederwürschnitz'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== W ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Wachau (Saxe)|Wachau]] * [[Waldenbourg (Saxe)|Waldenbourg]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Waldheim]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Waldhufen-Vierkirchen]] * [[Wechselburg]] * [[Weinböhla]] * [[Weischlitz]] * [[Weißenberg]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Weißenborn/Erzgeb.]] * [[Weißig am Raschütz]] * [[Weißkeißel]] * [[Weißwasser]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Werda]] * [[Werdau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wermsdorf]] * [[Wiedemar]] * [[Wiednitz]] * [[Wildenfels]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wildenhain]] * [[Wilkau-Haßlau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wilsdruff]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wilthen]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wira Superior]]<ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Oberwiera'')</small> * [[Wisa Inferior]]<ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Niederwiesa'')</small> * [[Wittichenau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wolkenstein (Saxe)|Wolkenstein]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wülknitz]] * [[Wurzen]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wylyn]]<ref name="Wylyn">Vide [https://grokipedia.com/page/stadt_wehlen ''Grokipedianum de hac urbe articulum''], ubi dicitur "(...) The first historical record of the site appears on December 5, 1269, when Margrave Heinrich III of Meissen (known as "the Illustrious") documented the castle as ''castrum Wylyn'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Stadt Wehlen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wjelin'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== Z ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Zabeltitz]] * [[Zeithain]] * [[Zelici]]<ref name="Posse 1889"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Seelitz'')</small> * [[Zettlitz]] * [[Ziegra-Knobelsdorf]] * [[Zinna]] * [[Zöblitz]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Zschadraß]] * [[Zschepplin]] * [[Zschopau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Zschorlau]] * [[Zwenkau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Zwickau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Zwochau]] * [[Zwönitz]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Zwota]] {{div col end}} ==Notae== <references /> [[Categoria:Urbes Saxoniae]] mv4o7ycysv2y9j6jpmstarnsb8t57vq 3971902 3971900 2026-07-13T22:57:50Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3971902 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in Saxony.svg|thumb|550px|Urbes et communia [[Saxonia]]e (Kalendis Ianuariis anni 2023).]] '''Index [[urbs|urbium]] et [[commune|communium]] in [[Saxonia]]''' omnes sedes in [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|Civitate Foederata Libera]] Saxoniae recenset. [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|Civitas Foederata Libera]] [[Germania|Germanica]] [[Saxonia]], e [[1 Ianuarii|Kalendis Ianuariis]] anni [[2023]], ex universis 418 sedibus politice sui iuris constat. Quae ita distribuuntur: * 169 urbes ([[Theodisce]] ''Städte''), quarum: ** tres [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli urbani]] (Theodisce ''kreisfreie Städte''), inter quas [[Caput (urbs)|caput]] [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terrae foederalis]] [[Dresda]] est; ** 166 urbes magnae [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiectae (Theodisce ''kreisangehörige Städte''); * 249 communium circulo subiecta. 158 sedes, quarum 48 urbes, ad negotia administrationis suae gerenda in 64 consociationes administrativas (Theodisce ''Verwaltungsgemeinschaften'') et 21 communia in sex foedera administrativa (Theodisce ''Verwaltungsverbände'') coierunt. Die [[3 Octobris]] anni [[1990]] adhuc 1626 sedes exstabant. Quarum numerus, ex illo tempore, ad circiter quartam partem imminutus est.<ref name="Entwicklung">''Entwicklung der Verwaltungsgliederung des Freistaates Sachsen'' (Theodisce). Ab Officio Statistico Regionalis Liberae Civitatis Saxoniae, die 4 Ianuarii 2021.</ref> Index sequens omnes sedes Saxoniae politice sui iuris sub nominibus officialibus recenset. Ad latus nominis Latini cuiusque sedis apparet etiam nomen officiale [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] atque [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabicum]] atque, si quod exstat, nomen in aliis linguis regionalibus. Si sedes est [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] (Theodisce ''kreisfreie Städte''), urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta (Theodisce ''Große Kreisstadt''), aut simpliciter urbs, id quoque indicatur; non autem si sedes tantum commune est: ==== A ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Abbatis Villa (Saxonia)|Abbatis Villa]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz II 1865">Beyer, H., Eltester, L., & Goerz, A. (1865). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der jetzt die preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien und angrenzenden kaiserlichen Diözesen'' (Vol. 2). J. Hölscher.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Oppach'' et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wopaka''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Uppach'')</small> * [[Acer (Saxonia)|Acer]]<ref name="OGdW 1851"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Ohorn'')</small> * [[Adorfium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Adorf/Vogtl.'' seu ''Adorf/Vogtland''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Adorf'')</small> * [[Aerimontium]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Arzberg''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Arzberg'')</small> * [[Alberti Indago]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Olbernhau'')</small> * [[Alberti Villa]]<ref name="Stenzel XIV 1854"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Olbersdorf'')</small> * [[Alnetulum]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Elterlein''; [[Metalliferomontane]] ''Alterle'')</small> * [[Alnetum (Saxonia)|Alnetum]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bad Elster'')</small> * [[Alta Dubrava]]<ref name="Jecht 1896"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hohendubrau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wysoka Dubrawa'')</small> * [[Alta Ecclesia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hochkirch''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bukecy'')</small> * [[Alta Villa (Saxonia)|Alta Villa]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hohndorf'')</small> * [[Alticollum]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hohnstein'')</small> * [[Alticollum-Vallis Ernesti]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/><ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hohenstein-Ernstthal'')</small> * [[Amnis Castorum et Villa Giselberti]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bobritzsch-Hilbersdorf'')</small> * [[Amnis Clarus et Bernardi]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lauter-Bernsbach'')</small> * [[Amnis Veprium]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Brambach''; [[Varisce]] ''Brambich'')</small> * [[Angulus Pulcher (Saxonia)|Angulus Pulcher]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schöneck/Vogtl.'' seu ''Schöneck/Vogtland''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Schöneck'')</small> * [[Annaberga-Buchholzia]]<ref name="Egli 1893">Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Annaberg-Buchholz'')</small> * [[Antiqua Mitweida]]<ref name="IfSGuV 2008">Institut für Sächsische Geschichte und Volkskunde (2008). ''Altmittweida (antiqua Miteweide)''. Historisches Ortsverzeichnis von Sachsen [HOV]. </ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Altmittweida'')</small> * [[Antiquus Mons (Saxonia)|Antiquus Mons]]<ref name="Hrubý 2024">Hrubý, P. (2014). Medieval Mining Centre of Buchberg in the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands: Metal Production in the Kingdom of Bohemia (13th-14th Centuries) (Antiquus Mons - Altenberg). ''Praehistorica'' 31 (2).</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Altenberg'')</small> * [[Apricirivus (Circulus terrae Misniensis)|Apricirivus]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Ebersbach'')</small> * [[Apricirivus-Villa Geronis]]<ref name="Moser 1780">Moser, J. (1780). ''Corpus Iuris Evangelicorum Ecclesiastici: Complectens Statuta, Decreta et Ordinationes pro Rebus Ecclesiasticis''. Typis Christiani Friderici Schertzii.</ref><ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ebersbach-Neugersdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Habrachćicy-Nowe Jěžercy''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Aberschbuch-Gierschdurf'')</small> * [[Arnoldi Villa]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755">Schöttgen, C., & Kreysig, G. C. (1755). ''Diplomataria et scriptores historiae Germanicae medii aevi''. Altenburgi: Richter; et: Schöttgen, C., & Kreysig, G. C. (1755). ''Diplomataria et Scriptores Historiae Germanicae Medii Aevi'' (Vol. 3, Appendices de provinciis Misnensibus et Saxonicis). Altenburgi: Officina Richteriana; et: Schöttgen, C., & Kreysig, G. C. (1755). ''Diplomataria et Scriptores Historiae Germanicae Medii Aevi'' (Vol. 3, Diplomatarium Misnico-Voigtlandicum). Altenburgi: Officina Richteriana; et: Schöttgen, C., & Kreysig, G. C. (1755). ''Diplomataria et Scriptores Historiae Germanicae Medii Aevi'' (Vol. 3, Appendices de Lusatia Superiore). Altenburgi: Officina Richteriana.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Arnsdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Warnoćicy'')</small> * [[Auerbachium (Montes Metalliferi)|Auerbachium]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Auerbach'')</small> * [[Auerbachium Vogtlandiae]]<ref name="Mencke 1730"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Auerbach/Vogtl.'' seu ''Auerbach/Vogtland''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Auerbach'')</small> * [[Augustoburgum]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Augustusburg'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== B ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Baxum]]<ref name="Cranz 1771">Cranz, D. (1771). ''Alte und neue Brüder-Historie oder kurz gefasste Geschichte der evangelischen Brüder-Unität auf den Schweizerischen und sächsischen Kolonien''. Barbeiae: Heinrich Detlef Ebers.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Niesky''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Niska'')</small> * [[Beilroda]]<ref name="-roda">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-rode'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-roda-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Baceroda]], [[Gerningeroda]], [[Osteroda]], [[Werningroda]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Beilrode'')</small> * [[Belgora-Schildavia]]<ref name="SS 2024">Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (2024). ''Regesta et diplomata episcopatus Misnensis: De vectigalibus fluminis Albis inter Belgoram et Misnam anno 979 concesis''. Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden.</ref><ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Belgern-Schildau'')</small> * [[Belina (Saxonia)|Belina]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Böhlen'')</small> * [[Bellomontium (Saxonia)|Bellomontium]]<ref name="SS sd"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schönberg'')</small> * [[Boernichenium]]<ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Börnichen/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Börnichen/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Boesenbrunnum]]<ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bösenbrunn'')</small> * [[Borna (Saxonia)|Borna]]<ref name="Gersdorf V 1865">Gersdorf, E. G. (Ed.) (1865). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae. Haupttheil I, Band 5: Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Meissen''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Borna''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Borno'')</small> * [[Borsdorfia]]<ref name="Leibniz 2021">Leibniz, G. W. (2021). ''Sämtliche Schriften und Briefe. Reihe I: Allgemeiner politischer und historischer Briefwechsel (Band 20: Juli 1701 – März 1702)''. Gottfried-Wilhelm-Leibniz-Bibliothek Hannover.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Borsdorf'')</small> * [[Boxberga (Saxonia)|Boxberga]]<ref name="Jecht 1920">Jecht, R. (Ed.) (1920). ''Codex Diplomaticus Lusatiae Superioris II, Band 1: Urkundenbuch der Stadt Görlitz und ihrer Klöster (1366)''. [[Gorlicium Germaniae|Gorlicii]]: Oberlausitzische Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Boxberg/O.L.''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hamor'')</small> * [[Brandisa]]<ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Brandis'')</small> * [[Breitenbrunnum (Montes Metalliferi)|Breitenbrunnum]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Breitenbrunn/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Breitenbrunn/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Budissa]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bautzen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Budyšin'')</small> * [[Burcardisdorfium]]<ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Burkhardtsdorf'')</small> * [[Burckavia]]<ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Burkau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Porchow''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Burke'')</small> * [[Burgstadtium]]<ref name="AML 1724">Ab [[Alma Mater Lipsiensis|Alma Matre Lipsiensi]] (1724). ''Die Matrikel der Universität Leipzig: Register der Studiosi und akademischen Grade (Johannes Christopherus Schulze, Burgstadtium-Misnicus)''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Burgstädt'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== C ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Calemberga]]<ref name="Tschackert 1889">Tschackert, P. (Ed.) (1889). ''Briefwechsel des Antonius Corvinus''. Karl J. Trübner.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Callenberg'')</small> * [[Camentia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kamenz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kamjenc'')</small> * [[Campus Alnorum]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ellefeld'')</small> * [[Campus Bellus (Saxonia)|Campus Bellus]]<ref name="Gersdorf II I 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Schönfeld'')</small> * [[Caropolis]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Liebstadt'')</small> * [[Casa Vitrea (Saxonia)|Casa Vitrea]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Glashütte'')</small> * [[Cavertizia]]<ref name="Posee 1882">Posse, O. (Ed.) (1882). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Haupttheil I, Band 1. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen (948–1099)''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Cavertitz'')</small> * [[Cervicampus (Saxonia)|Cervicampus]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hirschfeld'')</small> * [[Cervipetra]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hirschstein'')</small> * [[Chemnicium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Chemnitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kamjenica'')</small> * [[Civitas Bernardi in Proprio]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bernstadt auf dem Eigen'' seu ''Bernstadt a. d. Eigen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bjenadźicy'')</small> * [[Clausenitia]]<ref name="Posse 1881">Posse, O. (1881). ''Die Markgrafen von Meissen und das Haus Wettin: Im Zusammenhange mit der Geschichte des Reichs''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Claußnitz'')</small> * [[Clipphausa]]<ref>Hoc Latinum toponymum regressive derivatur Latino e gentilicio "Clipphausanus-a-um". Quo de gentilicio, vide: Academia Vitebergensis (1684). ''Album Academiae Vitebergensis: Sub rectoratu magnifici viri'' (Vol. III, p. 114). Vitebergae. (Textus primigenius latinus qui alumnos nobilesque eius pagi perscribit: "...Joannes Georgius de Ziegler, Clipphausanus..." [Misnicus]).</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Klipphausen'')</small> * [[Coderovillare]]<ref name="Pertzer 1868">Pertzer, G. H. (Ed.) (1868). ''Formulae et Diplomata Lusatiae Superioris medii aevi''. Budissae: Typis Monasterii.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kodersdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kodrecy'')</small> * [[Colditia]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Colditz'')</small> * [[Corylivallium]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] seu [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Haselbachtal'')</small> * [[Cozwicia]]<ref name="Posee 1882"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Coswig'' seu ''Coswig bei Dresden''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kosowiki'')</small> * [[Crema (Saxonia)|Crema]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grimma''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Grima'')</small> * [[Crieba-Neovilla]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/><ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kreba-Neudorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Chrjebja-Nowa Wjes'')</small> * [[Crimnicium]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864">Gersdorf, E. G. (Ed.) (1864). ''Urkundenbuch del Hochstifts Meißen'' (Vol. 1-5). Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Crimmitschau'' seu ''Crimmitzschau'' seu ''Krimmitschau'' seu ''Krimmitzschau'')</small> * [[Crinitzberga]]<ref name="Niels 1729">Niels, L. (Ed.) (1729). ''Opera omnia: De Marchia et finitimis Saxoniae regionibus''. Francofurti & Lipsiae.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Crinitzberg'')</small> * [[Crischova]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kreischa'')</small> * [[Crostewicia]]<ref name="Erler XVI 1895">Erler, G. (Ed.) (1895). ''Die Matrikel der Universität Leipzig (1409–1559)''. In ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae'' (Haupttheil II, Band 16). Giesecke & Devrient. </ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Krostitz'')</small> * [[Crostwicia]]<ref name="Posse 1883">Posse, O. (Ed.) (1883). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Haupttheil I, Band 3. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen (1196–1234)''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Crostwitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Chrósćicy'')</small> * [[Crottendorfium]]<ref name="Wiessner 1937">Wiessner, H. (1937). ''Das Bistum Naumburg: Die Diözese'' (Vol. 1). Berolini: Walter de Gruyter & Co.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Crottendorf'')</small> * [[Crybenstenium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kriebstein'')</small> * [[Cubschicia]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kubschütz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kubšicy'')</small> * [[Cunionissilva]]<ref name="Posee 1882"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Cunewalde''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kumwałd''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Cunewaale'')</small> * [[Custodia Dei]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Herrnhut''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Ochranow''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Harrnhutt'' seu ''Harrnutt'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== D ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Dalamancia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lommatzsch''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hłomač'')</small> * [[Debelum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Döbeln''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Doblin'')</small> * [[Delicia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Delitzsch''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Delič'')</small> * [[Demicium-Thumicium]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/><ref name="Ermisch 1899">Ermisch, H. (Ed.) (1899). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Haupttheil I, Band B-4. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen (1381–1427)''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Demitz-Thumitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Zemicy-Tumicy'')</small> * [[Denheritium]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/><ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dennheritz'')</small> * [[Derium-Cyrenium]]<ref name="Ermisch 1899"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Diera-Zehren'')</small> * [[Desertum Elstri]]<ref name="Posse & Ermisch 1882">Posse, O., & Ermisch, H. (Ed.) (1882). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen (948–1234)'' (Vol. 1). Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Elsterheide''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Halštrowska Hola'')</small> * [[Dippoldiswalda]]<ref name="Kleppisius 1804">Kleppisius, G. (1804). ''Epitaphium veneratae caniciei senioris Gregorii Kleppisii. En Neues allgemeines Intelligenzblatt für Literatur und Kunst''. Lipsiae: Johann Conrad Hinrichs.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Dippoldiswalde''; colloquialiter ''Dipps'')</small> * [[Doberschizium]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Doberschütz'')</small> * [[Dobrusium-Gussigium]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/><ref name="Ermisch 1899"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Doberschau-Gaußig''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Dobruša-Huska'')</small> * [[Doma (Saxonia)|Doma]]<ref name="Posern-Klett 1875">Posern-Klett, K. F. von (Ed.) (1875). ''Urkundenbuch der Städte Dresden und Pirna''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dohma'')</small> * [[Dommitzia]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dommitzsch''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Domič'')</small> * [[Doninburgum]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dohna''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Donin'')</small> * [[Drebachium]]<ref name="Müller 1715"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Drebach'')</small> * [[Dresda]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Caput (urbs)|caput]] [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terrae foederalis]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dresden''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Drježdźany''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Draasn'')</small> * [[Duba]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bad Düben'')</small> * [[Dubrava (Saxonia)|Dubrava]]<ref name="Jecht 1896">Jecht, R. (Ed.) (1896). ''Codex Diplomaticus Lusatiae Superioris II: Sammlung der Urkunden für die Geschichte der Oberlausitz'' (Vol. 1). [[Gorlicium Germaniae|Gorlicii Germaniae]]: Oberlausitzische Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großdubrau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wulka Dubrawa'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== E ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Ecclesia Sancti Aegidii (Saxonia)|Ecclesia Sancti Aegidii]]<ref name="Hengst 2012">Hengst, K. (2012). Patrociny Settlement Names in Eastern Germany. In ''Patrociny Settlement Names in Europe''. Iustus Richter / Université de Debrecen.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''St. Egidien'' seu ''Sankt Egidien'')</small> * [[Eilenburgum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eilenburg''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Jiłow'')</small> * [[Elsnigium]]<ref name="SS 1378">Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (1378). ''Ältere Urkunden: Landgrafen von Thüringen übereignen dem Kloster Buch das Dorf Elsnig (Elsnyg)''. Sächsisches Staatsarchiv.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Elsnig'')</small> * [[Elstro]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913?p=249&cq=Ludwigshafen%20u.a.&lang=en ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Elstra''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Halštrow'')</small> * [[Episcopi Insula]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bischofswerda'' seu ''Schiebock''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Biskopicy''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Beschwere'' seu ''Schiebock'')</small> * [[Eppendorfium Misnicum]]<ref name="Kiesling 1753">Kiesling, J. R. (1753). ''Historia Concertationis Graecorum Latinorumque de Transsubstantiatione in Sacrae Eucharistiae Sacramento''. Ioannis Adami Bielckii.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eppendorf'')</small> * [[Ericeti Ava]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] seu [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Heidenau'')</small> * [[Ericetum Bellum]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schönheide'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== F ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Falcostenium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Falkenstein/Vogtl.'' seu ''Falkenstein/Vogtland''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Falkenstein''; [[Varisce]] ''Falkenstaa'')</small> * [[Flava (Saxonia)|Flava]]<ref name="Posse & Ermisch 1882"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Flöha'')</small> * [[Florivilla ad Lacum]]<ref name="AdWzG 1898"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Quitzdorf am See''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kwětanecy při jězoru'')</small> * [[Francavallis]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Frankenthal''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Frankln'')</small> * [[Frankenberga (Saxonia)|Frankenberga]]<ref name="Kiesling 1753"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Frankenberg/Sa.'')</small> * [[Frauenstenium (Saxonia)|Frauenstenium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Frauenstein'')</small> * [[Fraxinetum (Saxonia)|Fraxinetum]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Jesewitz'')</small> * [[Friberga]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Freiberg'')</small> * [[Frohburgum]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Frohburg'')</small> * [[Frohna Inferior]]<ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Niederfrohna'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== G ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Gelenavia]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gelenau/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Gelenau/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Gerhardi Villa]]<ref name="Stenzel XIV 1854">Stenzel, G. A. H. (Ed.) (1854). ''Liber Fundationis Episcopatus Vratislaviensis'' (Codex Diplomaticus Silesiae, Tomus XIV, Registrum Legniciense). Max & Comp.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gersdorf'')</small> * [[Geringswalda]]<ref name="Bernhardi 1777">Bernhardi, G. A. (1777). ''Beytrag zu einer Geschichte des Städtlein Geringswalda, und besonders des ehemals dabey gelegenen St. Marien-Klosters, Benedictiner-Ordens''. Johann Gottfried Müller.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Geringswalde''; colloquialiter ''Dessch'')</small> * [[Geyera]]<ref name="">Müller, J. B. (1710). ''Geographia Universalis, ex recentissimis observationibus ad usum iuventutis historicae''. Typis Johannis Henrici Schmidii.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Geyer'')</small> * [[Glaucha]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Glauchau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hłuchow''; [[Thuringico-Altosaxonice]] ''Glauche'')</small> * [[Gluboczkia]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Glaubitz'')</small> * [[Godavia]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Göda''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hodźij'')</small> * [[Gorcha]]<ref name="Jecht 1896"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Horka''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hórka'' seu ''Dołha Hórka''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Hurke'')</small> * [[Gorcum]]<ref name="Kinne 2014"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Obergurig''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hornja Hórka'')</small> * [[Gorisium]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gohrisch'')</small> * [[Gorlicium Germaniae]]<ref name="UL 1684">Universitas Lipsiensis (1684). ''Acta Eruditorum anno MDCLXXXIV publicata''. Lipsiae: Grossium & Gleditsch.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Görlitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Zhorjelc''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Gerlz'' seu ''Gerltz'' seu ''Gerltsch'')</small> * [[Gornavia]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gornau/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Gornau/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Gottleubia-Mons Gieshubelus]]<ref name="Sehling 1902">Sehling, E. (1902). ''Die evangelischen Kirchenordnungen des XVI. Jahrhunderts. Band I: Sachsen (De parochia et inspectione Gottleubiae)''. Lipsiae: O. R. Reisland.</ref><ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bad Gottleuba-Berggießhübel'')</small> * [[Groditium]]<ref name="UL 1684"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Gröditz'')</small> * [[Groisca]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Groitzsch'')</small> * [[Gytanum]]<ref name="Sächsisches Staatsarchiv 1905"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Geithain''; colloquialiter ''Geidn''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Chitań'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== H ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Haganoa]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großenhain''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wulki Hojn'')</small> * [[Hartensteinium (Saxonia)|Hartensteinium]]<ref>[https://www.google.de/books/edition/Thesaurus_iuris_feudalis/iCpXAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=hartensteinium+saxoniae&pg=RA2-PA898&printsec=frontcover De nomine proprio Latino ''Hartensteinium'' (Theodisce ''Hartenstein'') vide ''Thesaurum iuris feudalis'', tom. I, Francofurti ad Moenum 1750, p. 898.]</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hartenstein'')</small> * [[Hartmanni Villa (apud Chemnicium)|Hartmanni Villa]]<ref name="Ermisch VI 1879"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hartmannsdorf'')</small> * [[Hartmanni Villa-Diviteava]]<ref name="Stenzel XIV 1854"/><ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hartmannsdorf-Reichenau'')</small> * [[Hartmanni Villa prope Montem Ecclesiae]]<ref name="Stenzel XIV 1854"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hartmannsdorf bei Kirchberg'' seu ''Hartmannsdorf bei Saupersdorf'')</small> * [[Heidenrici Villa]]<ref name="Wutke XX 1900">Wutke, K. (Ed.) (1900). ''Codex Diplomaticus Silesiae: Regesten zur schlesischen Geschichte'' (Vol. 20). E. Woulfarth's Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Heidersdorf'')</small> * [[Heini Villa]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Heinsdorfergrund'')</small> * [[Henrici Villa]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dürrhennersdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Suche Hendrichecy'')</small> * [[Henricivilla]]<ref name="Kinne 2014"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Seifhennersdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wodowe Hendrichecy''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Hennerschdurf'' seu ''Seifhennerschdurf'' seu ''Seifhennaschdurf'')</small> * [[Hermanni Villa]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hermsdorf/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Hermsdorf/Erzgebirge'' seu ''Hermsdorf bei Frauenstein'')</small> * [[Herwigi Villa]]<ref name="Knauthe 1754">Knauthe, C. (1754). ''Annales Zittavienses, oder Zittauische denckwürdige Jahrbücher: Aus alten urkunden und geschicht-büchern zusammen getragen''. Johann Jacob Schöps.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Mittelherwigsdorf'')</small> * [[Hoyerswerda]]<ref name="UL 1734">Universitas Lipsiensis (1734). ''Solemnia Magistrorum Philosophiae et Artium: Ex recensione academiae''. Typis Langenhemiis.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hoyerswerda''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wojerecy''; colloquialiter ''Hoywoj'' seu ''Hoywoy'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== I ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Iabloncza]]<ref name="CDLS">Codex Diplomaticus Lusatiae Superioris I: Regesten der Urkunden Kaiser Karls IV. (1346–1378). [[Gorlicium Germaniae|Gorlicii]]: Oberlausitzische Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gablenz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Jabłońc'')</small> * [[Ibenstoka]]<ref name="Posee 1882"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Eibenstock'')</small> * [[Indago Baltgeri]]<ref name="SS 1296">Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (1296). ''Urkunden und Grenzabgrenzungen des Ritterguts Belgershain im Erbamt Grimma (Indago Baltgeri)''. Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Belgershain'')</small> * [[Inferior Villa (Saxonia)|Inferior Villa]]<ref name="SH 1951">Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv (1951). ''Ältere Urkunden des Zisterzienserklosters und der sächsischen Hochstifte (1190–1380)'' (Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae, Haupttheil I). Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden; et: Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv. (1951). ''Ältere Urkunden und Bergbau-Registraturen der sächsischen Bergstädte (1500–1680)'' (Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae, Haupttheil I). Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Niederdorf'')</small> * [[Ioannis Villa]]<ref name="Stenzel XIV 1854"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Jahnsdorf/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Jahnsdorf/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Ioanno-Georgiopolis]]<ref name="UL 1684"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Johanngeorgenstadt'')</small> * [[Ionis Villa]]<ref name="Jecht 1915">Jecht, R. (Ed.) (1915). ''Codex Diplomaticus Lusatiae Superioris IV: Sammlung der Urkunden für die Geschichte der Oberlausitz'' (Band 4, Regesten der Dörfer unter dem Oybin). Oberlausitzische Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Jonsdorf'' seu ''Kurort Jonsdorf'')</small> * [[Iordanis Villa]]<ref name="Ermisch VI 1879">Ermisch, H. (Ed.) (1879). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Haupttheil II, Band 6. Urkundenbuch der Stadt Chemnitz und ihrer Klöster''. Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gornsdorf'')</small> * [[Iustusburgum]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Jöhstadt'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== K ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Kiczer]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kitzscher'')</small> * [[Klingenberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Klingenberg'')</small> * [[Kotmarus (commune)|Kotmarus]]<ref name="Kirchmaier 1698">Kirchmaier, G. C. (1698). ''De fontibus fluminum Sprae et Albis: tractatus historico-geographicus in quo de eorum originibus in montibus Lusatiae agitur''. Vitebergae: Typis Christiani Schrödteri.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kottmar''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kotmar'')</small> * [[Kruschvicia]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Krauschwitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Krušwica'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== L ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Lambertisilva]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lampertswalde'')</small> * [[Lapis Parthenis]]<ref name="AdWzG I III 1898">Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (1898). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen'' (Hauptteil I, Band 3). Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Parthenstein'')</small> * [[Lapis Regis (Helvetia Saxonica)|Lapis Regis]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Königstein'' seu ''Königstein/Sächs. Schw.''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kralowc'')</small> * [[Lauta (Saxonia)|Lauta]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lauta''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Łuty'')</small> * [[Lawalda]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lawalde''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lěwałd'')</small> * [[Leisnicium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Leisnig''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lěsnik'')</small> * [[Lenifluvium]]<ref name="AdWzG 1898"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Pulsnitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Połčnica''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Bolzns'')</small> * [[Lesnicia]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lößnitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lěsnica'')</small> * [[Leubasivilla (Saxonia)|Leubasivilla]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Leubsdorf'')</small> * [[Lichtenberga (Circulus terrae Budissinensis)|Lichtenberga]] <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Budissinensis|Circulo terrae Budissinensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae">Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' -secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo- vertit</ref><ref name="Landkreis Bautzen">Theodisce ''Landkreis Bautzen''.</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/><ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lichtenberg''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Swětła'')</small> * [[Lichtenberga ad Montes Metalliferos]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lichtenberg/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Lichtenberg/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Limbachium-Frohnavia]]<ref name="Ludovici 1723">Ludovici, J. F. (1723). ''Volumen scriptorum clientelarium et feudalium Marchiae Misnicae''. Halae Magdeburgicae: Officina Rengeriana.</ref><ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Limbach-Oberfrohna'')</small> * [[Limosorivulus]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Limbach'')</small> * [[Lipschutza]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Liebschützberg'')</small> * [[Lipsia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Leipzig''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lipsk''; [[Thuringico-Altosaxonice]] ''Leibzsch'')</small> * [[Liubanici Urbs]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Löbnitz'')</small> * [[Lobavia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Löbau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lubij''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Liebe'')</small> * [[Locus Caelestis]]<ref name="Richter 1758">Richter, G. (1758). ''De lamiis et veneficis: Selecta iuris naturae et gentium exempla ex historia Saxonica et Lusatica''. Officina Breitkopfiana.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Nebelschütz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Njebjelčicy'')</small> * [[Lomena (Saxonia)|Lomena]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lohmen'')</small> * [[Longalborivulus]]<ref>Hoc commune in [[Circulus terrae Zviccaviensis|Circulo terrae Zviccaviensi]] Saxoniae situm ortum est cum antiqua communia Longorivulus (Theodisce ''Langenbach''), Alborivulus (Theodisce ''Weißbach'') et, postea, Slema (Theodisce ''Schlema'') [[1 Ianuarii|Kalendis Ianuariis]] anni [[1996]] coniuncta sint. Latino de toponymo "Longorivulus", vide: Calixtus, G. (1652). ''Historia de haeresibus et schismatibus variis eorumque confutationibus''. Helmaestadii: Typis Henningi Mulleri; et Latino de toponymo "Alborivulus", vide: Weiß, C. H. (1721). ''De scriptoribus historiae Saxonicae seculi XVII schediasma literarium''. Lipsiae: Apud Jo. Christianum Martinum. Quia hodiernum novi communis nomen Theodiscum, ''Langenweißbach'', nominum ''Langenbach'' et ''Weißbach'' [[verbum amalgamatum|vocabulum amalgamatum]] est, nomen "Longalborivulus" novo communi ex antiquiis nominibus "Longorivulus" et "Alborivulus" amalgamare possumus.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Langenweißbach'')</small> * [[Longavicia]]<ref name="SH 1864 II I">Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv (1864). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: II. Haupttheil, Band 1. Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Meißen und sächsischer Diözesen'' (Vol. 1). Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Oberlungwitz'')</small> * [[Longobernardivilla]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Langenbernsdorf'')</small> * [[Longocampus (Saxonia)|Longocampus]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lengenfeld'')</small> * [[Losavia]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lohsa''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Łaz'')</small> * [[Lossavia]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lossatal'')</small> * [[Luciabies]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lichtentanne'')</small> * [[Lucipetra]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lichtenstein/Sa.'' seu ''Lichtenstein/Sachsen'')</small> * [[Lucipratum]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lichtenau'')</small> * [[Luga (Saxonia)|Luga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lugau'')</small> * [[Lunzenavia]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lunzenau'')</small> * [[Lusicia]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Laußig'')</small> * [[Lusnicia]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Laußnitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Łužnica'')</small> * [[Lutgerivilla]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Leutersdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lutarjecy''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Leckerschdurf'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== M ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Maceria (Saxonia)|Maceria]]<ref name="Haubrichs 2020">Haubrichs, W. (2020). ''Étymologie: Objets, méthodes et perspectives''. Academia-Verlag.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Machern'')</small> * [[Magna Alberti Villa]]<ref name="Carpzov 1657"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großolbersdorf'')</small> * [[Magna Dubena]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Düben''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Dźěwin'')</small> * [[Magna Harthavia]]<ref name="Carpzov 1657">Carpzov, B. (1657). ''Decisiones Illustres Saxonicae: In quibus arduae et graves quaestiones in foro Saxonico'' (Vol. 2). Sumptibus Haeredum Schurerianorum.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Großharthau''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Hoarde'')</small> * [[Magna Hartmanni Villa]]<ref name="Stenzel XIV 1854"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großhartmannsdorf'')</small> * [[Magna Nova Villa]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Großnaundorf'')</small> * [[Magna Postvicia]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großpostwitz'' seu ''Großpostwitz/O.L.''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Budestecy'')</small> * [[Magna Pulchra Prata]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großschönau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wulki Šunow''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Grußschiene'')</small> * [[Magna Ruedigersdorfia]]<ref name="Carpzov 1657"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großröhrsdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wulke Rědorjecy''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Rihrschdurf'' seu ''Gaage'')</small> * [[Magna Schirma]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Großschirma'')</small> * [[Magna Swidnica]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großschweidnitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Swóńca'' seu ''Swidnica'' seu ''Swódnica''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Schweenz'')</small> * [[Magna Wizschena]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großweitzschen'')</small> * [[Malleus Muldae]]<ref name="Oettel 1748">Oettel, J. P. (1748). ''Alte und neue Historie der Königl. Pohln. und Churfürstl. Sächß. freyen Berg-Stadt Eybenstock''. Johann Jacob Schöps</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Muldenhammer'')</small> * [[Malscewiza]]<ref name="Kinne 2014">Kinne, H.-J. (2014). ''Das Kollegiatstift St. Petri zu Bautzen von der Gründung bis zum Reformationsjahrhundert (1221–1580)''. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen; De Gruyter; et: Kinne, H. (2014). ''Die Bistümer der Kirchenprovinz Magdeburg. Das Kollegiatstift St. Peter zu Bautzen von seiner Gründung bis zum 16. Jahrhundert'' (Germania Sacra, Dritte Folge 7). Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen / Walter de Gruyter.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Malschwitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Malešecy'')</small> * [[Mariaeberga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Marienberg'')</small> * [[Marquardi Villa]]<ref name="Sächsisches Staatsarchiv 1905">Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (1905). ''Diplomatarium Joachimsteinense: Die Urkunden der zur Herrschaft des freien weltadeligen evangelischen Fräuleinstifts Joachimstein gehörigen Rittergüter Radmeritz, Niecha, Markersdorf''. Baensch; et: Sächsisches Staatsarchiv. (1905). ''Urkundenbuch mit Regesten bedeutender Akten de Stadt Mittweida und ihrer Umgebung (1286–1500)'': Baensch.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Markersdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Markoćicy'')</small> * [[Mauritioburgum]]<ref name="Büttner 1712">Büttner, J. H. (1712). ''Genealogiae oder Stamm- und Geschlecht-Register der vornehmsten Lüneburgischen Adelichen Patricischen Geschlechter''. Luneburgi: Schultze</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Moritzburg'')</small> * [[Media Weida]]<ref name="Beyer II 1897">Beyer, C. (1897). ''Urkundenbuch der Stadt Erfurt'' (Vol. 2). [[Salinae Saxonicae|Salinis Saxonicis]]: Druck und Verlag von Otto Hendel.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Mittweida'')</small> * [[Merania (Saxonia)|Merania]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Meerane'')</small> * [[Mildenavia]]<ref name="AH 1786">Ab Academia Hallensi (1767). ''Luxum Germanorum XIII. Philosophiae et artium candidatis qui supremo hoc loco honore ab ordine philosophorum Lipsiensis magistri renuntiantur''... Lipsiae: Ex officina Langenhemia.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Mildenau'')</small> * [[Milsina (Saxonia)|Milsina]]<ref name="Gersdorf II I 1865">Gersdorf, E. G. (1865). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: II. Haupttheil, Band 1. Urkundenbuch der Stadt Leipzig''. Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Mülsen'')</small> * [[Misnia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Meißen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Mišno'')</small> * [[Mogelina Urbs]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Mügeln''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Mohilno'')</small> * [[Molendinorum Vallis (Saxonia)|Molendinorum Vallis]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Mühlental'')</small> * [[Mons Ecclesiae (Saxonia)|Mons Ecclesiae]]<ref name="Stenzel XIV 1854"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchberg'')</small> * [[Mons Lapideus Variscorum]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Steinberg'')</small> * [[Mons Picae]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Elsterberg'')</small> * [[Mons Praetorianus]]<ref name="Mencke 1728">Mencke, J. B. (1728). ''Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, praecipue Saxonicarum, in quibus scriptores aliquot rariotes nusquam adhuc editi''. [[Lipsia]]e: E. Martini; et: Mencke, J. B. (1728). ''Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, praecipue Saxonicarum'' (Tomus I). Lipsiae: Ioannes Christianus Martinus; et: Mencke, J. B. (1728). ''Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, praecipue Saxonicarum'' (Vol. 2). Sumptibus Ioannis Christiani Martini.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Amtsberg'')</small> * [[Mons Trifolium]]<ref name="Posse III 1898">Posse, O. (1898). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: I. Haupttheil, Band 3. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen (1196–1234)''. Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Markkleeberg'')</small> * [[Montes (Saxonia)|Montes]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bergen'')</small> * [[Mucherini]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Mockrehna'')</small> * [[Muckavium]]<ref name="SS 1930">Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (1930). ''Urkunden und Akten der Standesherrschaft Muskau: Prozesse und Klagen des fürstlichen Dominiums gegen die Schäfer zu Mücka''. Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Mücka''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Mikow'')</small> * [[Muldavium Saxonicum]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Mulda/Sa.'' seu ''Mulda/Sachsen'')</small> * [[Muscavia]]<ref name="UW 1685">Universität Wittenberg (1685). ''Album Academiae Vitebergensis: Tituli, inscriptiones et matriculae studiosorum (Johannes Henricus Cuntze, Muscavia-Lusatus)''. Ex officina typographica.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Muskau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Mužakow'')</small> * [[Myla (Saxonia)|Myla]]<ref name="Posse III 1897">Posse, O. (1897). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: I. Haupttheil, Band 3. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen (1196–1234)''. Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Mühlau'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== N ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Neofanum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Markneukirchen''; [[Varisce]] ''Neikirng'')</small> * [[Neokieritzschium]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neukieritzsch'')</small> * [[Neostadium ad Stolpam]]<ref name="Cotton 1831">Cotton, H. (1831). ''A Typographical Gazetteer'' (II ed.). Oxford University Press.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neustadt i. Sa.'' seu ''Neustadt in Sachsen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] '' Nowe Město w Sakskej'')</small> * [[Neostadium in Terra Advocatorum]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neustadt/Vogtl.'' et ''Neustadt/Vogtland'')</small> * [[Neovilla Germanica]]<ref name="Müller 1715">Müller, C. (1715). ''Saxoniae Electoralis Descriptio Historico-Geographica''. Lipsiae: Officina Gleditschiana.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Deutschneudorf'')</small> * [[Neswitza]]<ref name="Kinne 2014"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neschwitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Njeswačidło'')</small> * [[Netscha]]<ref name="Patze & Dolle 2000">Patze, H. & Dolle, J. (2000). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Naumburg: Teil 2 (1207–1304)''. Böhlau Verlag.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Netzschkau'')</small> * [[Nigromontium (Saxonia)|Nigromontium]]<ref name="Avianus 1589"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schwarzenberg/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Schwarzenberg/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Nivemontium (Saxonia)|Nivemontium]]<ref name="Avianus 1589">Avianius, I. (1589). ''ΜΟΥΣΑΙ ΣΥΓΧΑΙΡΟΥΣΑΙ ablegatae ad doctissimum optimumque adolescentem d. Bartholomaeum Cothium Nivemontium, quo tempore emeritum magisterii gradum philosophi Ienenses decreto suo illi concesserant''. Typis Academiae Ienensis.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Schneeberg'')</small> * [[Nova Curia (Saxonia)|Nova Curia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Naunhof'')</small> * [[Nova Ecclesia (Montes Metalliferi)|Nova Ecclesia]]<ref name="Ermisch 1879">Ermisch, H. (1879). ''Urkundenbuch der Stadt Chemnitz und ihrer Klöster''. In der Buchhandlung de Waisenhauses.</ref> <small>(in [[Montes Metalliferi (circulus)|Circulo Montium Metalliferorum]]<ref name="CMM"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neukirchen/Erzgeb.'' et ''Neukirchen/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Nova Ecclesia (prope Regiopontum)|Nova Ecclesia]]<ref name="Knothe 1875">Knothe, H. (1875). ''Urkundenbuch von Kamenz und seiner Umgebung''. Selbstverlag der Oberlausitzischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>(prope [[Regiopontum]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neukirch''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Neukirch pola Kinsporka'')</small> * [[Nova Ecclesia ad Pleissam]]<ref name="Patze & Dolle 2000"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neukirchen/Pleiße'')</small> * [[Nova Ecclesia in Lusatia]]<ref name="OGdW 1851"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neukirch/Lausitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wjazońca''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Neungirch'')</small> * [[Nova Salza-Spremberga]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/><ref name="OGdW 1851"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neusalza-Spremberg''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Nowosólc-Horni Hródk''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Neusaalz (-Spraamerch) bzw. Sprembsch'')</small> * [[Nova Villa (Saxonia)|Nova Villa]]<ref name="SH I III 1898">Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv (1898). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: Haupttheil I, Band 3. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen (1196–1234; und Regesten bis 1380)''. Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Naundorf'')</small> * [[Novae Aedes in Montibus Metallicis]]<ref name="SH I III 1898"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neuhausen/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Neuhausen/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Novale Dominae]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Fraureuth'')</small> * [[Novoforum (Saxonia)|Novoforum]]<ref name="SS 1935">Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (1935). ''Urkunden und Akten der Grundherrschaft Schönfels: Registrierungen über die Nachbardörfer im Grenzgebiet des Vogtlandes''. Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neumark'')</small> * [[Novum Salium]]<ref name="SH I III 1898"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neuensalz'')</small> * [[Nuncheriza]]<ref name="Gersdorf II II">Gersdorf, E. G. (1865). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: II. Haupttheil, Band 2. Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Meissen'' (Vol. 2). Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Nünchritz'')</small> * [[Nussena]]<ref name="SH II XVIII 1903">Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv (1903). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: II. Haupttheil, Band 18. Urkundenbuch der Städte Dresden und Pirna und der sächsischen Klöster''. Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Nossen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Nosyn'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== O ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Oderwitzium]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Oderwitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wódrjeńca''; [[Supralusatice]]; ''Uderwitz'')</small> * [[Oederanum]]<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=0HJGAAAAcAAJ&pg=PT27&lpg=PT27&dq=%22Oederanum%22&source=bl&ots=Ipk3ZXW6eM&sig=xXpZe8oE_ahkHQGyhRoMu1e4JBM&hl=it&sa=X&ei=nvwyVJaMOrKS7AaNhIDgCg&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=%22Oederanum%22&f=false Freibergi descriptio atque annales a.c. 1564 collecti (Google eBook) - Georg Fabricius, 1710].</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Oederan'')</small> * [[Oelsnitium (Terra Advocatorum)|Oelsnitium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>(in [[Terra advocatorum|Terra Advocatorum]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Oelsnitz/Vogtl.'' seu ''Oelsnitz/Vogtland''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wolešnica'')</small> * [[Olnitium (Montes Metalliferi)|Olnitium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>(in [[Montes Metalliferi (circulus)|Circulo Montium Metalliferorum]]<ref name="CMM"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Oelsnitz/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Oelsnitz im Erzgebirge''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wolešnica'')</small> * [[Osselinga]]<ref name="Kinne 2014"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Oßling''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wóslink'')</small> * [[Ossitium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Oschatz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Woseč'')</small> * [[Otterwischium]]<ref name="Friedensburg 1926">Friedensburg, W. (1926). ''Urkundenbuch der Universität Wittenberg'' (Geschichtsquellen der Provinz Sachsen und des Freistaates Anhalt, Neue Reihe 3). [[Magdeburgum|Magdeburgi]]: Selbstverlag de Historischen Commission.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Otterwisch'')</small> * [[Ottonis Villa-Okrilla]]<ref name="SH II I 1864">Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv. (1864). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: II. Haupttheil, Band 1. Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Meißen und sächsischer Diözesen''. Giesecke & Devrient.</ref><ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ottendorf-Okrilla''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Woćicy-Okrila'')</small> * [[Ostravia (Saxonia)|Ostravia]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ostritz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wostrowc''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Usterz'')</small> * [[Owa-Palus Slemensis]]<ref name="">Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Naumburg (1999). ''Regesta et diplomata episcopatus Naumburgensis (1207-1304)''. (Ed. ab H. J. Kirsch). [[Colonia Agrippina|Coloniae Agrippinae]]: Böhlau Verlag.</ref><ref name="Mencke 1730">Mencke, J. B. (1730). ''Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, praecipue Saxonicarum, in quibus scriptores aliquot rariotes nusquam adhuc editi''. Lipsiae: E. Martini.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Aue-Bad Schlema'')</small> * [[Oybinium]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Oybin''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Ojwin'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== P ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Palus Regia]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bad Lausick'')</small> * [[Pancicium-Kucovium]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/><ref name="Knothe 1879">Knothe, H. (1879). ''Geschichte des Tuchmacherhandwerks in der Oberlausitz bis zum Einkommen der Innungen''. Druck von G. Schönfeld; et: Knothe, H. (1879). ''Urkundenbuch des Cistercienserklosters St. Marienstern in der Oberlausitz''. [[Salinae Saxonicae|Salinis Saxonicis]]: Waisenhaus.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Panschwitz-Kuckau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Pančicy-Kukow'')</small> * [[Parvum Nemus Lusaticum]]<ref name="Jecht 1896"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hähnichen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wosečk''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Hahnchn'')</small> * [[Parvum Nemus Misnicum]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hainichen'')</small> * [[Parvum Nemus Silvae]]<ref name="Carpzov 1657"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hainewalde''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Heenewaale'')</small> * [[Passini]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großpösna'')</small> * [[Pegavia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Pegau'')</small> * [[Penica]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Penig'')</small> * [[Petra Ursi (Saxonia)|Petra Ursi]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bärenstein'')</small> * [[Pirna]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Pirna''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Pěrno'')</small> * [[Plavia Variscorum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Plauen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Pławno'')</small> * [[Pocavia-Longocampus]]<ref name="IfSGuV 2025"/><ref name="SH 1925">Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv (1925). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Urkundenbuch der Kirchen und Klöster im Erzgebirge''. Wilhelm Engelmann.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Pockau-Lengefeld'')</small> * [[Polium (Saxonia)|Polium]]<ref name="SH 1928">Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv (1928). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Urkundenbuch der Vögte von Weida, Gera und Plauen''. Wilhelm Engelmann.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Pöhl'')</small> * [[Pons Regularis]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Halsbrücke'')</small> * [[Praepositia]]<ref name="AdWzG 1898">Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (1898). ''Historisches Ortsnamenbuch von Sachsen: Appellativischer Wortschatz im Namenbestand''. Giesecke & Devrient; et: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (1898). ''Historisches Ortsnamenbuch von Sachsen: Linguistische Analyse und Etymologie der slawisch-germanischen Grenzflüsse''. Giesecke & Devrient; et: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (1898). ''Historisches Ortsnamenbuch von Sachsen: Linguistische Analyse und Etymologie der slawischen Personennamen im Denkmalsbestand''. Giesecke & Devrient; et: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (1898). ''Historisches Ortsnamenbuch von Sachsen: Linguistische Analyse und slawisch-germanische Etymologie der Oberlausitz''. Giesecke & Devrient; et: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (1898). ''Historisches Ortsnamenbuch von Sachsen: Linguistische Analyse und germanische Etymologie der osterzgebirgischen Siedlungen''. Giesecke & Devrient. </ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Priestewitz'')</small> * [[Pratum Alnorum]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Erlau'')</small> * [[Pratum Capreoli]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bockau''; [[Metalliferomontane]] ''Bucke'')</small> * [[Pratum Corvi]]<ref name="AdWzG 1898"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Rabenau'')</small> * [[Pratum Fulcimentorum]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Stützengrün''; localiter dialectaliter ''Stitzngrie'')</small> * [[Pratum Inferius (Saxonia)|Pratum Inferius]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Niederau'')</small> * [[Pratum Nissae]]<ref name="OGdW 1851">Oberlausitzische Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften (1851). ''Codex diplomaticus Lusatiae superioris: Sammlung von Urkunden zur Geschichte des Markgrafthums Oberlausitz'' (Vol. 1). In der Buchhandlung des Waisenhauses.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neißeaue''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Nysowa łučina'')</small> * [[Pussa-Mulitrophia]]<ref name="SS 2005">Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (2005). ''Urkunden- und Kanzleiwesen der sächsischen Städte im Spätmittelalter''. Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden.</ref><ref name="IfSGuV 2025">Institut für Sächsische Geschichte und Volkskunde [ISGV] (2025). ''Digitales Historisches Ortsverzeichnis von Sachsen: Dokumentation des castrum und der Stadt Mühltroff''. ISGV Dresden Online.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Pausa-Mühltroff'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== Q ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Quercetum (Saxonia)|Quercetum]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703">Cellarius, C. (1703). ''Notitia Orbis Antiqui, sive Geographia Plenior, ab Ortum Rerumpublicarum ad Constantinorum Tempora''. Impensis Ioannis Friderici Gleditschii.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eichigt''; [[Varisce]] ''Maechlicht'' seu ''Machlich)'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== R ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Racovitium]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Rackwitz'')</small> * [[Radeberga]]<ref name="Leyser & Cundisius 1627">Leyser, W., & Cundisius, G. (1627). ''Cum Christo, de Christo publica disquisitio instituetur 20 Decemb. praeside Wilhelmo Lysero... respondente M. Godofredo Cundisio, Radeberga-Misnico''. Typis haered. Salom. Auerbach.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Radeberg'')</small> * [[Radebule]]<ref name="SS sd">Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (sine die). ''Ältere Urkunden (Bestand 10001): Urkundenbuch-Regesten zu Orten im Meißner Raum (Radebule, Meißen, Zschaitz)''. Sächsisches Staatsarchiv; Sächsisches Staatsarchiv. (s.d.). ''Ältere Urkunden (Bestand 10001): Urkundenregesten der Amtshauptmannschaft Freiberg''. Sächsisches Staatsarchiv; et: Sächsisches Staatsarchiv. (s.d.). ''Ältere Urkunden: Besitzrechte und Lehnsakten des Rittergutes Rietschen samt Niederprauske''. Sächsisches Staatsarchiv; et: Sächsisches Staatsarchiv. (s.d.). ''Ältere Urkunden (Bestand 10001): Urkundenregesten des Kollegiatstifts St. Peter zu Bautzen (Pfarrei Slepe / Schleife)''. Sächsisches Staatsarchiv; et: Sächsisches Staatsarchiv. (s.d.). ''Ältere Urkunden (Bestand 10001): Urkundenregesten zu Besitzrechten der Herrschaft und des Schlosses Schönberg''. Sächsisches Staatsarchiv; et: Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (s. d.). ''Ältere Urkunden: Besitzrechte, Lehnsakten und Gerichtsunterlagen des Rittergutes Steina bei Pulsnitz''. Sächsisches Staatsarchiv.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Radebeul''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Radobyle'')</small> * [[Radeburgum]]<ref name="Cardano 1550">Cardano, G. (1550). De subtilitate libri XXI. Iohannes Petreius.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Radeburg'')</small> * [[Radibor]]<ref name="Gersdorf I III 1864">Gersdorf, E. G. (1864). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: Haupttheil 1, Band 3. Urkunden der Markgrafen de Meissen und Landgrafen von Thüringen''. Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] 'Radibor''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Radwor'')</small> * [[Ralbitium-Rosarum Vallis]]<ref name="-itium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-itz'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-itium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Rockelvitium]], [[Denheritium]], [[Groditium]], [[Oelsnitium (Terra Advocatorum)|Oelsnitium]], [[Olnitium (Montes Metalliferi)|Olnitium]], [[Racovitium]] apud hunc articulum.</ref><ref name="Rosarum Vallis">Theodiscum toponymum ''Rosenthal'' "Rosarum Vallis" latinizari solet. Exempli gratia, vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenaref/dupuy/dupuy1/Dupuy_nomina.html ''Nominum propriorum Virorum, Mulierum, Populorum, etc...''], ubi dicitur "(...) Rosarum vallis, ''Rosenthal'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ralbitz-Rosenthal''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Ralbicy-Róžant'')</small> * [[Rammenavia]]<ref name="-avia">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-au'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-avia-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: Sc(h)ongavia, Sec(c)lavia, Sit(t)avia, [[Sprottavia]], [[Spandavia]], Steinavia, Sundgavia, [[Thurnavia]], [[Torgavia]], [[Troppavia]], [[Velavia]], [[Wolavia]], [[Aravia]], [[Arnavia]], Batavia, [[Boleslavia]], Brisigavia, [[Burgavia]], Crumavia, [[Crumlavia]], Czasslavia, [[Dessavia]], Dirschavia, Iglavia, [[Gilavia Borussica]], [[Gilavia Germanica]], Glauchavia, Gloavia, [[Grotgavia]], Hirschavia, Iaroslavia, [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], Lindavia, [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], Namslavia, Nazzavia, [[Neoboleslavia]], Olavia, Oppavia, [[Pegavia]], Pil(l)avia, [[Premislavia]], apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Rammenau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Ramnow''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Roamm'')</small> * [[Ransteta]]<ref name="Gersdorf II IX I 1865">Gersdorf, E. G. (1865). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: II. Haupttheil, Band 9. Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Merseburg'' (Vol. 1). Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Markranstädt'')</small> * [[Raschavia-Marquardi Villa]]<ref name="Doppert 1725">Doppert, J. (1725). ''Hoc Monumentum Absentiae Christiani Frid. Veigelii, Raschavia Misnici Prope Lucum Viridem, Iuvenis Politi Pariterque Modesti, Auditoris''. Typis Fulda.</ref><ref name="Gersdorf I III 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Raschau-Markersbach'')</small> * [[Ratha]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Rathen'')</small> * [[Rathmannsdorfium]]<ref name="-dorfium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]], Altdorfium, Burgdorfium, [[Ensdorfium]], Oberndorfium apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Rathmannsdorf'')</small> * [[Rechenberga-Molendinum Apium]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="SS sd"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Rechenberg-Bienenmühle'')</small> * [[Regiocampus (Saxonia)|Regiocampus]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Königsfeld'')</small> * [[Regiopontum]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652">Calixtus, G. (1652). ''Historia de haeresibus et schismatibus variis eorumque confutationibus''. Helmaestadii: Typis Henningi Mulleri.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Königsbrück''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kinspork'')</small> * [[Regiosilva (Circulus terrae Gorliciensis)|Regiosilva]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Gorliciensis|Circulo terrae Gorliciensi]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Gorliciensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Görlitz'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Gorliciensis-e" ad [[Gorlicium Germaniae|Gorlicium]] refertur. Quod de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Königshain''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kralowski haj'')</small> * [[Regiosilva (Montes Metalliferi)|Regiosilva]]<ref name="Lehmann">Lehmann, C. (1699). ''Historia historico-geographica de limitibus et mirabilibus montium metalliferorum Saxonicorum''. Dresdae: Typis Baumannianis.</ref> <small>(in [[Montes Metalliferi (circulus)|Circulo Montium Metalliferorum]]<ref name="CMM">"Nuntii Latini Bremenses", [https://www.bremenzwei.de/themen/latein-nachrichten-rueckblick-september-102.html Septembris 2024, "Pauli Praemium Atrii Artificialis Bremensis tributum"].</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Königswalde''; [[Metalliferomontane]] ''Kinnesch’wall'')</small> * [[Regiosilva-Wideravia]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/><ref name="Schmid 1705">Schmid, J. (1705). ''Dies fasti Academiae Lipsiensis, continens dissertationes et panegyricas orationes''. Lipsiae: Typis Fleischerianis.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Königshain-Wiederau'')</small> * [[Regiovarda]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Königswartha''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Rakecy'')</small> * [[Regis-Breitinga]]<ref name="Wiessner 1998">Wiessner, H. (1998). ''Das Bistum Naumburg 1,1. Die Diözese (Germania Sacra, Neue Folge 35,1)''. Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte / Walter de Gruyter.</ref><ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Regis-Breitingen'')</small> * [[Reichenbachium Lusatiae]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Reichenbach/O.L.''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Rychbach'')</small> * [[Reichenbachium Variscorum]]<ref name="Huldreich 1705">Huldreich, J. B. (1705). ''Miscellanea Tigurina: exhibentia eruditorum potissimum Tigurinorum elogia, ephemerides, et elenchos''. Typis Bodmerianis.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Reichenbach im Vogtland''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Reichenbach''; [[Varisce]] ''Reignbach'')</small> * [[Reinhardtsdorfium-Schoena]]<ref name="-dorfium"/><ref name="De la Vega V 1791">De la Vega, J. (1791). ''Diccionario Geográfico Universal, que comprehende la descripción de las quatro partes del mundo (Vol. 5)''. [[Matritum|Matriti]]: Imprenta Real.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Reinhardtsdorf-Schöna'')</small> * [[Reinsberga (Saxonia)|Reinsberga]]<ref name="-berga"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Reinsberg'')</small> * [[Reinsdorfium (Saxonia)|Reinsdorfium]]<ref name="-dorfium"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Reinsdorf'')</small> * [[Remsea]]<ref name="UL 1720">Universitas Lipsiensis (1720). ''Monumentum Praeclarae Ut Virtutis, Sic Optimae Spei Iuvenis, Domini Christiani Friderici Philippi, Remsea Misnici Strenui Iurium Cultoris''. Ex officina typographica SLUB Dresdae (Sub nota: Op.var.22.m,misc.133).</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Remse'')</small> * [[Rezowiensis Civitas]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Riesa''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Ryzawa'')</small> * [[Rietscha]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Rietschen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Rěčicy'')</small> * [[Rivus Rosarum Lusatiae]]<ref name="Hoffmann 1719">Hoffmann, C. G. (1719). ''Scriptores rerum Lusaticarum antiqui & recentiores, seu Monumenta antiqua, praecipue ad Lusatiam utramque spectantia'' (Vol. 1). Sumptibus Davidis Peetzii.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Rosenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Rosarum Variscorum]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Rosenbach/Vogtl.'' seu ''Rosenbach/Vogtland'')</small> * [[Rockelvitium]]<ref name="Knothe 1883">Knothe, H. (1883). ''Analecta selecta ad historiam Lusatiae Superioris spectantia''. Sumptibus Societatis Scientiarum Budissinensis.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Räckelwitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Worklecy'')</small> * [[Rodewa]]<ref name="Posse 1889">Posse, O. (Ed.) (1889). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: Haupttheil 1, Band 2. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen (1100–1195)''. Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Rötha'')</small> * [[Rodewischia]]<ref>Hoc Latinum toponymum regressive derivatur Latino e gentilicio "Rodewischianus-a-um". Quo de gentilicio, vide: Schöttgen, C., & Kreysig, G. C. (1755). ''Diplomataria et scriptores historiae Germanicae medii aevi cum sigillis (Vol. 3)''. Officina Richteriana.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Rodewisch''; [[Varisce]] ''Ruewisch'' seu ''Ruebisch'')</small> * [[Rosarum Vallis-Vallis Bielae]]<ref name="Rosarum Vallis"/><ref name="Cardano 1550"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Rosenthal-Bielatal'')</small> * [[Rossavia (Saxonia)|Rossavia]]<ref name="-avia"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Rossau'')</small> * [[Roswyn]]<ref name="Posse III 1898"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Roßwein''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Roswin'')</small> * [[Rothenburgium Lusatiae]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Rothenburg/Oberlausitz'' seu ''Rothenburg/O.L.''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Rózbork''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Ruttnburg'')</small> * [[Rotlizi]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Rochlitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Rochlica'')</small> * [[Rudigerivilla Arida-Theodericibachium]]<ref name="Posee 1882"/><ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dürrröhrsdorf-Dittersbach'')</small> * [[Rueckerswalda Magna]]<ref name="Carpzov 1657"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großrückerswalde'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== S ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Scheibenberga]]<ref name="Kirsch 1729">Kirsch, C. G. (1729). ''Casus De Poena Dupli Ob Hypothecam Judicialem''. Typis Ioannis Christiani Hilligeri / Universitas Halensis.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Scheibenberg'')</small> * [[Schirgiswalda-Kirschavia]]<ref name="-walda">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-wald'' seu ''-walde'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-walda-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Dippoldiswalda]], [[Geringswalda]], [[Lawalda]], [[Rueckerswalda Magna]] apud hunc articulum.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small><ref name="-avia"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schirgiswalde-Kirschau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Šěrachow-Korzym''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Schirgswaale-Kirsche'')</small> * [[Schoena Superior]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Oberschöna'')</small> * [[Schoenavia-Berzdorfium]]<ref name="Crell & Frenzel 1743">Crell, C. L. (Pr.), & Frenzel, J. G. (Resp.). (1743). ''Observationes De Ivre Connvbiorvm Speciatim In Lvsatia Svperiore''. Typis Ioannis Friderici Schlomachi / Universitas Vitembergensis.</ref><ref name="-dorfium"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schönau-Berzdorf auf dem Eigen'' seu ''Schönau-Berzdorf a. d. Eigen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Schönau-Berzdorf'')</small> * [[Schonbachium (Saxonia)|Schonbachium]]<ref name="Nicolosi II 1660">Nicolosi, J. B. (1660). ''Parallela geographiae veteris et novae: Tomus Secundus''. Typis Michaelis Herculis.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schönbach''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Šumbach''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Schimmch'')</small> * [[Schonwolkavia]]<ref name="-avia"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schönwölkau'')</small> * [[Schwepnitium]]<ref name="-itium"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schwepnitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Sepicy'')</small> * [[Scudici]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schkeuditz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Skudźicy'')</small> * [[Sebnitium]]<ref name="-itium"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Sebnitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Zebnica'' seu ''Sebnica'')</small> * [[Seiffa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Seiffen/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Seiffen/Erzgebirge''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Seiffen'')</small> * [[Silva Hartha]]<ref name="Carpzov 1657"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hartha'')</small> * [[Sitavia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Zittau'' et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Žitawa''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Sitte'')</small> * [[Slatina]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schlettau'')</small> * [[Slepe]]<ref name="SS sd"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schleife''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Slepo''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Slepico-Sorabice]] ''Slěpe'')</small> * [[Smelna-Putzkavia]]<ref name="Hoffmann 1719"/><ref name="-avia"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schmölln-Putzkau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Smělna-Póckowy'')</small> * [[Sohlandia ad Spreham]]<ref name="-landia">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-land'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-landia-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amelandia]], [[Bevelandia Australis]], [[Bevelandia Septentrionalis]], [[Bolandia]], [[Iutlandia]], [[Curlandia]], [[Estlandia]], [[Finlandia]], [[Flevolandia]], [[Friedlandia]], [[Islandia]], [[Gothlandia]], [[Hollandia]], [[Ingermanlandia]], [[Isalandia]] [[Lalandia]], [[Langelandia]], [[Oehtlandia]] [[Olandia]], [[Sallandia]], [[Samlandia]] [[Zelandia]], [[Selandia]] [[Fotlandia]], [[Wermelandia]] [[Withlandia]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Sohland an der Spree'' seu ''Sohland a. d. Spree''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Załom'')</small> * [[Stauchitium]]<ref name="-itium"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Stauchitz'')</small> * [[Steina]]<ref name="SS sd"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Steina''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Sćenjow'')</small> * [[Steinigtwolmsdorfium]]<ref name="-dorfium"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Steinigtwolmsdorf'' et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wołbramecy''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Wunnsdurf'' seu ''Wumpe'' seu ''Steenigwupte'')</small> * [[Stolipolis]]<ref name="UL 1602">Universitas Lipsiensis (1602). ''Epithalamia In Honorem Ornatissimi Et Doctissimi Viri Domini Georgii Fabricii Stolipolitani''. Typis Iohanni Schnorri.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Stollberg/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Stollberg/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Stolpa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Stolpen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Stołpin'' seu ''Stołpno'')</small> * [[Strela]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Strehla''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Strjela'')</small> * [[Struppa]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud hunc articulum; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Struppen'')</small> * [[Susudata]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Sayda'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== T ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Tannenberg (Sachsen)|Tannenberg]] * [[Taucha]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Taura]] * [[Tauscha]] * [[Thalheim/Erzgeb.]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Thallwitz]] * [[Tharandt]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Theosebia]]<ref name="AdWzG 1898"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Puschwitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bóšicy'')</small> * [[Thermalbad Wiesenbad]] * [[Theuma]] * [[Thiendorf]] * [[Thum]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Thümmlitzwalde]] * [[Tirpersdorf]] * [[Tollanum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&cq=M%C3%BCnchen&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Dolan'')</small> * [[Torgau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Trebendorf]] * [[Trebnicia Elstri]]<ref name="Friedrich 1904">Friedrich, G. (Ed.) (1904). ''Codex Diplomaticus et Epistolaris Regni Bohemiae'' (Vol. 1). Sumptibus Comitiorum Regni Bohemiae.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Elstertrebnitz'')</small> * [[Trebsen/Mulde]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Treuen]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Triebel/Vogtl.]] * [[Triebischtal]] * [[Trimurica]]<ref name="Posse 1883"/><ref name="Hanspach 2014">Hanspach, D. (2024). ''Silva, nemus, merica, forestum: Die ältesten schriftlichen Wald- und Heidebelege im Lehnbuch Friedrich des Strengen''. In ''Arbeits- und Forschungsberichte zur sächsischen Bodendenkmalpflege'' (Band 32). Dresdae: Landesamt für Archäologie Sachsen.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dreiheide'')</small> * [[Trossin]] {{div col end}} ==== V ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Vallis Ganae]]<ref name="SH I III 1898"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Jahnatal'')</small> * [[Vallis Ignominiosa]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Schandau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Žandow'')</small> * [[Vallis Kobilizensis]]<ref name="">Ernst, J. (Ed.) (1968). ''Formulae Merovingici et Karolini Aevi'' (Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Legum Sectio V). [[Hannovera]]e: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Käbschütztal'')</small> * [[Vallis Libera]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Freital'')</small> * [[Vallis Lutosa]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bahretal'')</small> * [[Vallis Moglicia]]<ref name="Gersdorf IV 1870">Gersdorf, E. G. (1870). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: Haupttheil I, Band 4. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen (1235–1300)''. Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Müglitztal'')</small> * [[Vallis Pratensis Superior]]<ref name="SH 1951"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Oberwiesenthal'')</small> * [[Vallis Raderae]]<ref name="Gersdorf II I 1864"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Röderaue'')</small> * [[Vallis Scepis]]<ref name="Hoffmann 1719"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schöpstal''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Šepcowy Doł'')</small> * [[Vallis Sehmae]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Sehmatal'')</small> * [[Vallis Sonorosa]]<ref name="Mencke 1730"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Klingenthal'' seu ''Klingenthal/Sa.''; [[Varisce]] ''Klingedool'')</small> * [[Vallis Spreae]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Spreetal''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Sprjewiny Doł'')</small> * [[Vallis Stregis]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Striegistal'')</small> * [[Villa Bavari]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Beiersdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bejerecy'')</small> * [[Villa Bernardi (Circulus terrae Zviccaviensis)|Villa Bernardi]] <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Zviccaviensis|Circulo terrae Zviccaviensi]]<ref name="CTZ">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Zviccaviensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Zwickau'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Cygnea]]m" -ad quod gentilicium "Zviccaviensis-e" refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}. Quo de gentilicio, confer "[[Codex Statutorum Zviccaviensium|Codex Statutorum Zviccaviensium]]", anno [[1348]] scriptum.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bernsdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Bernardi (Lusatia Superior)|Villa Bernardi]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> (in [[Lusatia superior|Lusatia Superior]]e) <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bernsdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Njedźichow'')</small> * [[Villa Bertholdi Montana]]<ref name="Prochno 1939">Prochno, J. (1939). ''Zittauer Urkundenbuch, Band 1: Regesten zur Geschichte der Stadt und des Landes Zittau 1234–1437''. [[Sitavia]]e: Mitteilungen del Zittauer Geschichts- und Museumsvereins.</ref><ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bertsdorf-Hörnitz'')</small> * [[Villa Boni]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bennewitz'')</small> * [[Villa Chemnitzia]]<ref name="Buddeus 1704">Buddeus, J. F. (1704). ''Historia iuris naturalis, seculi iussu et auctoritate potissimum Samuelis Pufendorfii restituti''. Halae Magdeburgicae: Typis et impensis Ioannis Friderici Zeitleri.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dorfchemnitz'' seu ''Dorfchemnitz bei Sayda'')</small> * [[Villa Ernfridi]]<ref name="SS 1490">Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (1490). ''Ältere Urkunden: Andreas Trapp, Verweser des Altars Johannes’ des Täufers in der Pfarrkirche Ehrenfriedersdorf (Ernfridißdorff)''. Sächsisches Staatsarchiv.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ehrenfriedersdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Indaginis]]<ref name="Posse 1881"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dorfhain'')</small> * [[Villa Panis]]<ref name="Mencke 1730"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bannewitz'')</small> * [[Viridifluxus]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grünbach''; [[Varisce]] ''Grieboch'')</small> * [[Viridis Lucus-Bavaricum Feldum]]<ref name="Carpzov 1657"/><ref name="Ermisch 1864">Ermisch, H. (Ed.). (1864). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Haupttheil II, Band 1. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grünhain-Beierfeld'')</small> * [[Viridulum Nemus]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Grünhainichen'')</small> * [[Virsnia Inferior]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Niederwürschnitz'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== W ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Wachau (Saxe)|Wachau]] * [[Waldenbourg (Saxe)|Waldenbourg]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Waldheim]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Waldhufen-Vierkirchen]] * [[Wechselburg]] * [[Weinböhla]] * [[Weischlitz]] * [[Weißenberg]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Weißenborn/Erzgeb.]] * [[Weißig am Raschütz]] * [[Weißkeißel]] * [[Weißwasser]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Werda]] * [[Werdau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wermsdorf]] * [[Wiedemar]] * [[Wiednitz]] * [[Wildenfels]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wildenhain]] * [[Wilkau-Haßlau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wilsdruff]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wilthen]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wira Superior]]<ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Oberwiera'')</small> * [[Wisa Inferior]]<ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Niederwiesa'')</small> * [[Wittichenau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wolkenstein (Saxe)|Wolkenstein]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wülknitz]] * [[Wurzen]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wylyn]]<ref name="Wylyn">Vide [https://grokipedia.com/page/stadt_wehlen ''Grokipedianum de hac urbe articulum''], ubi dicitur "(...) The first historical record of the site appears on December 5, 1269, when Margrave Heinrich III of Meissen (known as "the Illustrious") documented the castle as ''castrum Wylyn'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Stadt Wehlen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wjelin'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== Z ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Zabeltitz]] * [[Zeithain]] * [[Zelici]]<ref name="Posse 1889"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Seelitz'')</small> * [[Zettlitz]] * [[Ziegra-Knobelsdorf]] * [[Zinna]] * [[Zöblitz]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Zschadraß]] * [[Zschepplin]] * [[Zschopau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Zschorlau]] * [[Zwenkau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Zwickau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Zwochau]] * [[Zwönitz]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Zwota]] {{div col end}} ==Notae== <references /> [[Categoria:Urbes Saxoniae]] 8plpimxxtqkyzxagv9hpuvidoy7ye0m 3971948 3971902 2026-07-14T11:03:37Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3971948 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in Saxony.svg|thumb|550px|Urbes et communia [[Saxonia]]e (Kalendis Ianuariis anni 2023).]] '''Index [[urbs|urbium]] et [[commune|communium]] in [[Saxonia]]''' omnes sedes in [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|Civitate Foederata Libera]] Saxoniae recenset. [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|Civitas Foederata Libera]] [[Germania|Germanica]] [[Saxonia]], e [[1 Ianuarii|Kalendis Ianuariis]] anni [[2023]], ex universis 418 sedibus politice sui iuris constat. Quae ita distribuuntur: * 169 urbes ([[Theodisce]] ''Städte''), quarum: ** tres [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli urbani]] (Theodisce ''kreisfreie Städte''), inter quas [[Caput (urbs)|caput]] [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terrae foederalis]] [[Dresda]] est; ** 166 urbes magnae [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiectae (Theodisce ''kreisangehörige Städte''); * 249 communium circulo subiecta. 158 sedes, quarum 48 urbes, ad negotia administrationis suae gerenda in 64 consociationes administrativas (Theodisce ''Verwaltungsgemeinschaften'') et 21 communia in sex foedera administrativa (Theodisce ''Verwaltungsverbände'') coierunt. Die [[3 Octobris]] anni [[1990]] adhuc 1626 sedes exstabant. Quarum numerus, ex illo tempore, ad circiter quartam partem imminutus est.<ref name="Entwicklung">''Entwicklung der Verwaltungsgliederung des Freistaates Sachsen'' (Theodisce). Ab Officio Statistico Regionalis Liberae Civitatis Saxoniae, die 4 Ianuarii 2021.</ref> Index sequens omnes sedes Saxoniae politice sui iuris sub nominibus officialibus recenset. Ad latus nominis Latini cuiusque sedis apparet etiam nomen officiale [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] atque [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabicum]] atque, si quod exstat, nomen in aliis linguis regionalibus. Si sedes est [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] (Theodisce ''kreisfreie Städte''), urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta (Theodisce ''Große Kreisstadt''), aut simpliciter urbs, id quoque indicatur; non autem si sedes tantum commune est: ==== A ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Abbatis Villa (Saxonia)|Abbatis Villa]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz II 1865">Beyer, H., Eltester, L., & Goerz, A. (1865). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der jetzt die preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien und angrenzenden kaiserlichen Diözesen'' (Vol. 2). J. Hölscher.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Oppach'' et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wopaka''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Uppach'')</small> * [[Abietis Mons]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Tannenberg'')</small> * [[Acer (Saxonia)|Acer]]<ref name="OGdW 1851"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Ohorn'')</small> * [[Adorfium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Adorf/Vogtl.'' seu ''Adorf/Vogtland''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Adorf'')</small> * [[Aerimontium]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Arzberg''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Arzberg'')</small> * [[Alberti Indago]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Olbernhau'')</small> * [[Alberti Villa]]<ref name="Stenzel XIV 1854"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Olbersdorf'')</small> * [[Alnetulum]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Elterlein''; [[Metalliferomontane]] ''Alterle'')</small> * [[Alnetum (Saxonia)|Alnetum]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bad Elster'')</small> * [[Alta Dubrava]]<ref name="Jecht 1896"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hohendubrau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wysoka Dubrawa'')</small> * [[Alta Ecclesia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hochkirch''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bukecy'')</small> * [[Alta Villa (Saxonia)|Alta Villa]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hohndorf'')</small> * [[Alticollum]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hohnstein'')</small> * [[Alticollum-Vallis Ernesti]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/><ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hohenstein-Ernstthal'')</small> * [[Amnis Castorum et Villa Giselberti]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bobritzsch-Hilbersdorf'')</small> * [[Amnis Clarus et Bernardi]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lauter-Bernsbach'')</small> * [[Amnis Veprium]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Brambach''; [[Varisce]] ''Brambich'')</small> * [[Angulus Pulcher (Saxonia)|Angulus Pulcher]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schöneck/Vogtl.'' seu ''Schöneck/Vogtland''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Schöneck'')</small> * [[Annaberga-Buchholzia]]<ref name="Egli 1893">Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Annaberg-Buchholz'')</small> * [[Antiqua Mitweida]]<ref name="IfSGuV 2008">Institut für Sächsische Geschichte und Volkskunde (2008). ''Altmittweida (antiqua Miteweide)''. Historisches Ortsverzeichnis von Sachsen [HOV]. </ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Altmittweida'')</small> * [[Antiquus Mons (Saxonia)|Antiquus Mons]]<ref name="Hrubý 2024">Hrubý, P. (2014). Medieval Mining Centre of Buchberg in the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands: Metal Production in the Kingdom of Bohemia (13th-14th Centuries) (Antiquus Mons - Altenberg). ''Praehistorica'' 31 (2).</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Altenberg'')</small> * [[Apricirivus (Circulus terrae Misniensis)|Apricirivus]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Ebersbach'')</small> * [[Apricirivus-Villa Geronis]]<ref name="Moser 1780">Moser, J. (1780). ''Corpus Iuris Evangelicorum Ecclesiastici: Complectens Statuta, Decreta et Ordinationes pro Rebus Ecclesiasticis''. Typis Christiani Friderici Schertzii.</ref><ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ebersbach-Neugersdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Habrachćicy-Nowe Jěžercy''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Aberschbuch-Gierschdurf'')</small> * [[Arnoldi Villa]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755">Schöttgen, C., & Kreysig, G. C. (1755). ''Diplomataria et scriptores historiae Germanicae medii aevi''. Altenburgi: Richter; et: Schöttgen, C., & Kreysig, G. C. (1755). ''Diplomataria et Scriptores Historiae Germanicae Medii Aevi'' (Vol. 3, Appendices de provinciis Misnensibus et Saxonicis). Altenburgi: Officina Richteriana; et: Schöttgen, C., & Kreysig, G. C. (1755). ''Diplomataria et Scriptores Historiae Germanicae Medii Aevi'' (Vol. 3, Diplomatarium Misnico-Voigtlandicum). Altenburgi: Officina Richteriana; et: Schöttgen, C., & Kreysig, G. C. (1755). ''Diplomataria et Scriptores Historiae Germanicae Medii Aevi'' (Vol. 3, Appendices de Lusatia Superiore). Altenburgi: Officina Richteriana; et: Schöttgen, C., & Kreysig, G. C. (1755). ''Diplomataria et scriptores historiae Germanicae medii aevi, cum sigillis aeri incisis'' (Vol. 3). Altenburgi: Officina Richteriana.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Arnsdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Warnoćicy'')</small> * [[Auerbachium (Montes Metalliferi)|Auerbachium]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Auerbach'')</small> * [[Auerbachium Vogtlandiae]]<ref name="Mencke 1730"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Auerbach/Vogtl.'' seu ''Auerbach/Vogtland''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Auerbach'')</small> * [[Augustoburgum]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Augustusburg'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== B ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Baxum]]<ref name="Cranz 1771">Cranz, D. (1771). ''Alte und neue Brüder-Historie oder kurz gefasste Geschichte der evangelischen Brüder-Unität auf den Schweizerischen und sächsischen Kolonien''. Barbeiae: Heinrich Detlef Ebers.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Niesky''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Niska'')</small> * [[Beilroda]]<ref name="-roda">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-rode'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-roda-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Baceroda]], [[Gerningeroda]], [[Osteroda]], [[Werningroda]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Beilrode'')</small> * [[Belgora-Schildavia]]<ref name="SS 2024">Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (2024). ''Regesta et diplomata episcopatus Misnensis: De vectigalibus fluminis Albis inter Belgoram et Misnam anno 979 concesis''. Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden.</ref><ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Belgern-Schildau'')</small> * [[Belina (Saxonia)|Belina]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Böhlen'')</small> * [[Bellomontium (Saxonia)|Bellomontium]]<ref name="SS sd"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schönberg'')</small> * [[Boernichenium]]<ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Börnichen/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Börnichen/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Boesenbrunnum]]<ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bösenbrunn'')</small> * [[Borna (Saxonia)|Borna]]<ref name="Gersdorf V 1865">Gersdorf, E. G. (Ed.) (1865). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae. Haupttheil I, Band 5: Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Meissen''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Borna''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Borno'')</small> * [[Borsdorfia]]<ref name="Leibniz 2021">Leibniz, G. W. (2021). ''Sämtliche Schriften und Briefe. Reihe I: Allgemeiner politischer und historischer Briefwechsel (Band 20: Juli 1701 – März 1702)''. Gottfried-Wilhelm-Leibniz-Bibliothek Hannover.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Borsdorf'')</small> * [[Boxberga (Saxonia)|Boxberga]]<ref name="Jecht 1920">Jecht, R. (Ed.) (1920). ''Codex Diplomaticus Lusatiae Superioris II, Band 1: Urkundenbuch der Stadt Görlitz und ihrer Klöster (1366)''. [[Gorlicium Germaniae|Gorlicii]]: Oberlausitzische Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Boxberg/O.L.''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hamor'')</small> * [[Brandisa]]<ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Brandis'')</small> * [[Breitenbrunnum (Montes Metalliferi)|Breitenbrunnum]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Breitenbrunn/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Breitenbrunn/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Budissa]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bautzen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Budyšin'')</small> * [[Burcardisdorfium]]<ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Burkhardtsdorf'')</small> * [[Burckavia]]<ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Burkau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Porchow''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Burke'')</small> * [[Burgstadtium]]<ref name="AML 1724">Ab [[Alma Mater Lipsiensis|Alma Matre Lipsiensi]] (1724). ''Die Matrikel der Universität Leipzig: Register der Studiosi und akademischen Grade (Johannes Christopherus Schulze, Burgstadtium-Misnicus)''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Burgstädt'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== C ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Calemberga]]<ref name="Tschackert 1889">Tschackert, P. (Ed.) (1889). ''Briefwechsel des Antonius Corvinus''. Karl J. Trübner.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Callenberg'')</small> * [[Camentia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kamenz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kamjenc'')</small> * [[Campus Alnorum]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ellefeld'')</small> * [[Campus Bellus (Saxonia)|Campus Bellus]]<ref name="Gersdorf II I 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Schönfeld'')</small> * [[Caropolis]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Liebstadt'')</small> * [[Casa Vitrea (Saxonia)|Casa Vitrea]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Glashütte'')</small> * [[Cavertizia]]<ref name="Posee 1882">Posse, O. (Ed.) (1882). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Haupttheil I, Band 1. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen (948–1099)''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Cavertitz'')</small> * [[Cervicampus (Saxonia)|Cervicampus]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hirschfeld'')</small> * [[Cervipetra]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hirschstein'')</small> * [[Chemnicium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Chemnitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kamjenica'')</small> * [[Civitas Bernardi in Proprio]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bernstadt auf dem Eigen'' seu ''Bernstadt a. d. Eigen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bjenadźicy'')</small> * [[Clausenitia]]<ref name="Posse 1881">Posse, O. (1881). ''Die Markgrafen von Meissen und das Haus Wettin: Im Zusammenhange mit der Geschichte des Reichs''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Claußnitz'')</small> * [[Clipphausa]]<ref>Hoc Latinum toponymum regressive derivatur Latino e gentilicio "Clipphausanus-a-um". Quo de gentilicio, vide: Academia Vitebergensis (1684). ''Album Academiae Vitebergensis: Sub rectoratu magnifici viri'' (Vol. III, p. 114). Vitebergae. (Textus primigenius latinus qui alumnos nobilesque eius pagi perscribit: "...Joannes Georgius de Ziegler, Clipphausanus..." [Misnicus]).</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Klipphausen'')</small> * [[Coderovillare]]<ref name="Pertzer 1868">Pertzer, G. H. (Ed.) (1868). ''Formulae et Diplomata Lusatiae Superioris medii aevi''. Budissae: Typis Monasterii.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kodersdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kodrecy'')</small> * [[Colditia]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Colditz'')</small> * [[Corylivallium]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] seu [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Haselbachtal'')</small> * [[Cozwicia]]<ref name="Posee 1882"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Coswig'' seu ''Coswig bei Dresden''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kosowiki'')</small> * [[Crema (Saxonia)|Crema]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grimma''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Grima'')</small> * [[Crieba-Neovilla]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/><ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kreba-Neudorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Chrjebja-Nowa Wjes'')</small> * [[Crimnicium]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864">Gersdorf, E. G. (Ed.) (1864). ''Urkundenbuch del Hochstifts Meißen'' (Vol. 1-5). Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Crimmitschau'' seu ''Crimmitzschau'' seu ''Krimmitschau'' seu ''Krimmitzschau'')</small> * [[Crinitzberga]]<ref name="Niels 1729">Niels, L. (Ed.) (1729). ''Opera omnia: De Marchia et finitimis Saxoniae regionibus''. Francofurti & Lipsiae.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Crinitzberg'')</small> * [[Crischova]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kreischa'')</small> * [[Crostewicia]]<ref name="Erler XVI 1895">Erler, G. (Ed.) (1895). ''Die Matrikel der Universität Leipzig (1409–1559)''. In ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae'' (Haupttheil II, Band 16). Giesecke & Devrient. </ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Krostitz'')</small> * [[Crostwicia]]<ref name="Posse 1883">Posse, O. (Ed.) (1883). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Haupttheil I, Band 3. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen (1196–1234)''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Crostwitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Chrósćicy'')</small> * [[Crottendorfium]]<ref name="Wiessner 1937">Wiessner, H. (1937). ''Das Bistum Naumburg: Die Diözese'' (Vol. 1). Berolini: Walter de Gruyter & Co.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Crottendorf'')</small> * [[Crybenstenium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kriebstein'')</small> * [[Cubschicia]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kubschütz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kubšicy'')</small> * [[Cunionissilva]]<ref name="Posee 1882"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Cunewalde''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kumwałd''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Cunewaale'')</small> * [[Custodia Dei]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Herrnhut''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Ochranow''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Harrnhutt'' seu ''Harrnutt'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== D ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Dalamancia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lommatzsch''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hłomač'')</small> * [[Debelum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Döbeln''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Doblin'')</small> * [[Delicia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Delitzsch''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Delič'')</small> * [[Demicium-Thumicium]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/><ref name="Ermisch 1899">Ermisch, H. (Ed.) (1899). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Haupttheil I, Band B-4. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen (1381–1427)''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Demitz-Thumitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Zemicy-Tumicy'')</small> * [[Denheritium]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/><ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dennheritz'')</small> * [[Derium-Cyrenium]]<ref name="Ermisch 1899"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Diera-Zehren'')</small> * [[Desertum Elstri]]<ref name="Posse & Ermisch 1882">Posse, O., & Ermisch, H. (Ed.) (1882). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen (948–1234)'' (Vol. 1). Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Elsterheide''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Halštrowska Hola'')</small> * [[Dippoldiswalda]]<ref name="Kleppisius 1804">Kleppisius, G. (1804). ''Epitaphium veneratae caniciei senioris Gregorii Kleppisii. En Neues allgemeines Intelligenzblatt für Literatur und Kunst''. Lipsiae: Johann Conrad Hinrichs.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Dippoldiswalde''; colloquialiter ''Dipps'')</small> * [[Doberschizium]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Doberschütz'')</small> * [[Dobrusium-Gussigium]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/><ref name="Ermisch 1899"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Doberschau-Gaußig''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Dobruša-Huska'')</small> * [[Doma (Saxonia)|Doma]]<ref name="Posern-Klett 1875">Posern-Klett, K. F. von (Ed.) (1875). ''Urkundenbuch der Städte Dresden und Pirna''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dohma'')</small> * [[Dommitzia]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dommitzsch''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Domič'')</small> * [[Doninburgum]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dohna''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Donin'')</small> * [[Drebachium]]<ref name="Müller 1715"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Drebach'')</small> * [[Dresda]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Caput (urbs)|caput]] [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terrae foederalis]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dresden''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Drježdźany''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Draasn'')</small> * [[Duba]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bad Düben'')</small> * [[Dubrava (Saxonia)|Dubrava]]<ref name="Jecht 1896">Jecht, R. (Ed.) (1896). ''Codex Diplomaticus Lusatiae Superioris II: Sammlung der Urkunden für die Geschichte der Oberlausitz'' (Vol. 1). [[Gorlicium Germaniae|Gorlicii Germaniae]]: Oberlausitzische Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großdubrau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wulka Dubrawa'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== E ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Ecclesia Sancti Aegidii (Saxonia)|Ecclesia Sancti Aegidii]]<ref name="Hengst 2012">Hengst, K. (2012). Patrociny Settlement Names in Eastern Germany. In ''Patrociny Settlement Names in Europe''. Iustus Richter / Université de Debrecen.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''St. Egidien'' seu ''Sankt Egidien'')</small> * [[Eilenburgum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eilenburg''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Jiłow'')</small> * [[Elsnigium]]<ref name="SS 1378">Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (1378). ''Ältere Urkunden: Landgrafen von Thüringen übereignen dem Kloster Buch das Dorf Elsnig (Elsnyg)''. Sächsisches Staatsarchiv.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Elsnig'')</small> * [[Elstro]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913?p=249&cq=Ludwigshafen%20u.a.&lang=en ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Elstra''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Halštrow'')</small> * [[Episcopi Insula]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bischofswerda'' seu ''Schiebock''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Biskopicy''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Beschwere'' seu ''Schiebock'')</small> * [[Eppendorfium Misnicum]]<ref name="Kiesling 1753">Kiesling, J. R. (1753). ''Historia Concertationis Graecorum Latinorumque de Transsubstantiatione in Sacrae Eucharistiae Sacramento''. Ioannis Adami Bielckii.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eppendorf'')</small> * [[Ericeti Ava]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] seu [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Heidenau'')</small> * [[Ericetum Bellum]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schönheide'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== F ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Falcostenium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Falkenstein/Vogtl.'' seu ''Falkenstein/Vogtland''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Falkenstein''; [[Varisce]] ''Falkenstaa'')</small> * [[Flava (Saxonia)|Flava]]<ref name="Posse & Ermisch 1882"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Flöha'')</small> * [[Florivilla ad Lacum]]<ref name="AdWzG 1898"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Quitzdorf am See''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kwětanecy při jězoru'')</small> * [[Francavallis]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Frankenthal''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Frankln'')</small> * [[Frankenberga (Saxonia)|Frankenberga]]<ref name="Kiesling 1753"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Frankenberg/Sa.'')</small> * [[Frauenstenium (Saxonia)|Frauenstenium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Frauenstein'')</small> * [[Fraxinetum (Saxonia)|Fraxinetum]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Jesewitz'')</small> * [[Friberga]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Freiberg'')</small> * [[Frohburgum]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Frohburg'')</small> * [[Frohna Inferior]]<ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Niederfrohna'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== G ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Gelenavia]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gelenau/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Gelenau/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Gerhardi Villa]]<ref name="Stenzel XIV 1854">Stenzel, G. A. H. (Ed.) (1854). ''Liber Fundationis Episcopatus Vratislaviensis'' (Codex Diplomaticus Silesiae, Tomus XIV, Registrum Legniciense). Max & Comp.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gersdorf'')</small> * [[Geringswalda]]<ref name="Bernhardi 1777">Bernhardi, G. A. (1777). ''Beytrag zu einer Geschichte des Städtlein Geringswalda, und besonders des ehemals dabey gelegenen St. Marien-Klosters, Benedictiner-Ordens''. Johann Gottfried Müller.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Geringswalde''; colloquialiter ''Dessch'')</small> * [[Geyera]]<ref name="">Müller, J. B. (1710). ''Geographia Universalis, ex recentissimis observationibus ad usum iuventutis historicae''. Typis Johannis Henrici Schmidii.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Geyer'')</small> * [[Glaucha]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Glauchau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hłuchow''; [[Thuringico-Altosaxonice]] ''Glauche'')</small> * [[Gluboczkia]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Glaubitz'')</small> * [[Godavia]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Göda''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hodźij'')</small> * [[Gorcha]]<ref name="Jecht 1896"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Horka''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hórka'' seu ''Dołha Hórka''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Hurke'')</small> * [[Gorcum]]<ref name="Kinne 2014"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Obergurig''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hornja Hórka'')</small> * [[Gorisium]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gohrisch'')</small> * [[Gorlicium Germaniae]]<ref name="UL 1684">Universitas Lipsiensis (1684). ''Acta Eruditorum anno MDCLXXXIV publicata''. Lipsiae: Grossium & Gleditsch.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Görlitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Zhorjelc''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Gerlz'' seu ''Gerltz'' seu ''Gerltsch'')</small> * [[Gornavia]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gornau/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Gornau/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Gottleubia-Mons Gieshubelus]]<ref name="Sehling 1902">Sehling, E. (1902). ''Die evangelischen Kirchenordnungen des XVI. Jahrhunderts. Band I: Sachsen (De parochia et inspectione Gottleubiae)''. Lipsiae: O. R. Reisland.</ref><ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bad Gottleuba-Berggießhübel'')</small> * [[Groditium]]<ref name="UL 1684"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Gröditz'')</small> * [[Groisca]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Groitzsch'')</small> * [[Gytanum]]<ref name="Sächsisches Staatsarchiv 1905"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Geithain''; colloquialiter ''Geidn''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Chitań'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== H ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Haganoa]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großenhain''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wulki Hojn'')</small> * [[Hartensteinium (Saxonia)|Hartensteinium]]<ref>[https://www.google.de/books/edition/Thesaurus_iuris_feudalis/iCpXAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=hartensteinium+saxoniae&pg=RA2-PA898&printsec=frontcover De nomine proprio Latino ''Hartensteinium'' (Theodisce ''Hartenstein'') vide ''Thesaurum iuris feudalis'', tom. I, Francofurti ad Moenum 1750, p. 898.]</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hartenstein'')</small> * [[Hartmanni Villa (apud Chemnicium)|Hartmanni Villa]]<ref name="Ermisch VI 1879"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hartmannsdorf'')</small> * [[Hartmanni Villa-Diviteava]]<ref name="Stenzel XIV 1854"/><ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hartmannsdorf-Reichenau'')</small> * [[Hartmanni Villa prope Montem Ecclesiae]]<ref name="Stenzel XIV 1854"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hartmannsdorf bei Kirchberg'' seu ''Hartmannsdorf bei Saupersdorf'')</small> * [[Heidenrici Villa]]<ref name="Wutke XX 1900">Wutke, K. (Ed.) (1900). ''Codex Diplomaticus Silesiae: Regesten zur schlesischen Geschichte'' (Vol. 20). E. Woulfarth's Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Heidersdorf'')</small> * [[Heini Villa]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Heinsdorfergrund'')</small> * [[Henrici Villa]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dürrhennersdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Suche Hendrichecy'')</small> * [[Henricivilla]]<ref name="Kinne 2014"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Seifhennersdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wodowe Hendrichecy''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Hennerschdurf'' seu ''Seifhennerschdurf'' seu ''Seifhennaschdurf'')</small> * [[Hermanni Villa]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hermsdorf/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Hermsdorf/Erzgebirge'' seu ''Hermsdorf bei Frauenstein'')</small> * [[Herwigi Villa]]<ref name="Knauthe 1754">Knauthe, C. (1754). ''Annales Zittavienses, oder Zittauische denckwürdige Jahrbücher: Aus alten urkunden und geschicht-büchern zusammen getragen''. Johann Jacob Schöps.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Mittelherwigsdorf'')</small> * [[Hoyerswerda]]<ref name="UL 1734">Universitas Lipsiensis (1734). ''Solemnia Magistrorum Philosophiae et Artium: Ex recensione academiae''. Typis Langenhemiis.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hoyerswerda''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wojerecy''; colloquialiter ''Hoywoj'' seu ''Hoywoy'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== I ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Iabloncza]]<ref name="CDLS">Codex Diplomaticus Lusatiae Superioris I: Regesten der Urkunden Kaiser Karls IV. (1346–1378). [[Gorlicium Germaniae|Gorlicii]]: Oberlausitzische Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gablenz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Jabłońc'')</small> * [[Ibenstoka]]<ref name="Posee 1882"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Eibenstock'')</small> * [[Indago Baltgeri]]<ref name="SS 1296">Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (1296). ''Urkunden und Grenzabgrenzungen des Ritterguts Belgershain im Erbamt Grimma (Indago Baltgeri)''. Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Belgershain'')</small> * [[Inferior Villa (Saxonia)|Inferior Villa]]<ref name="SH 1951">Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv (1951). ''Ältere Urkunden des Zisterzienserklosters und der sächsischen Hochstifte (1190–1380)'' (Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae, Haupttheil I). Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden; et: Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv. (1951). ''Ältere Urkunden und Bergbau-Registraturen der sächsischen Bergstädte (1500–1680)'' (Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae, Haupttheil I). Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Niederdorf'')</small> * [[Ioannis Villa]]<ref name="Stenzel XIV 1854"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Jahnsdorf/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Jahnsdorf/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Ioanno-Georgiopolis]]<ref name="UL 1684"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Johanngeorgenstadt'')</small> * [[Ionis Villa]]<ref name="Jecht 1915">Jecht, R. (Ed.) (1915). ''Codex Diplomaticus Lusatiae Superioris IV: Sammlung der Urkunden für die Geschichte der Oberlausitz'' (Band 4, Regesten der Dörfer unter dem Oybin). Oberlausitzische Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Jonsdorf'' seu ''Kurort Jonsdorf'')</small> * [[Iordanis Villa]]<ref name="Ermisch VI 1879">Ermisch, H. (Ed.) (1879). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Haupttheil II, Band 6. Urkundenbuch der Stadt Chemnitz und ihrer Klöster''. Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gornsdorf'')</small> * [[Iustusburgum]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Jöhstadt'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== K ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Kiczer]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kitzscher'')</small> * [[Klingenberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Klingenberg'')</small> * [[Kotmarus (commune)|Kotmarus]]<ref name="Kirchmaier 1698">Kirchmaier, G. C. (1698). ''De fontibus fluminum Sprae et Albis: tractatus historico-geographicus in quo de eorum originibus in montibus Lusatiae agitur''. Vitebergae: Typis Christiani Schrödteri.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kottmar''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kotmar'')</small> * [[Kruschvicia]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Krauschwitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Krušwica'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== L ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Lambertisilva]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lampertswalde'')</small> * [[Lapis Parthenis]]<ref name="AdWzG I III 1898">Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (1898). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen'' (Hauptteil I, Band 3). Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Parthenstein'')</small> * [[Lapis Regis (Helvetia Saxonica)|Lapis Regis]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Königstein'' seu ''Königstein/Sächs. Schw.''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kralowc'')</small> * [[Lauta (Saxonia)|Lauta]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lauta''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Łuty'')</small> * [[Lawalda]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lawalde''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lěwałd'')</small> * [[Leisnicium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Leisnig''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lěsnik'')</small> * [[Lenifluvium]]<ref name="AdWzG 1898"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Pulsnitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Połčnica''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Bolzns'')</small> * [[Lesnicia]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lößnitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lěsnica'')</small> * [[Leubasivilla (Saxonia)|Leubasivilla]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Leubsdorf'')</small> * [[Lichtenberga (Circulus terrae Budissinensis)|Lichtenberga]] <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Budissinensis|Circulo terrae Budissinensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae">Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' -secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo- vertit</ref><ref name="Landkreis Bautzen">Theodisce ''Landkreis Bautzen''.</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/><ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lichtenberg''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Swětła'')</small> * [[Lichtenberga ad Montes Metalliferos]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lichtenberg/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Lichtenberg/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Limbachium-Frohnavia]]<ref name="Ludovici 1723">Ludovici, J. F. (1723). ''Volumen scriptorum clientelarium et feudalium Marchiae Misnicae''. Halae Magdeburgicae: Officina Rengeriana.</ref><ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Limbach-Oberfrohna'')</small> * [[Limosorivulus]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Limbach'')</small> * [[Lipschutza]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Liebschützberg'')</small> * [[Lipsia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Leipzig''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lipsk''; [[Thuringico-Altosaxonice]] ''Leibzsch'')</small> * [[Liubanici Urbs]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Löbnitz'')</small> * [[Lobavia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Löbau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lubij''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Liebe'')</small> * [[Locus Caelestis]]<ref name="Richter 1758">Richter, G. (1758). ''De lamiis et veneficis: Selecta iuris naturae et gentium exempla ex historia Saxonica et Lusatica''. Officina Breitkopfiana.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Nebelschütz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Njebjelčicy'')</small> * [[Lomena (Saxonia)|Lomena]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lohmen'')</small> * [[Longalborivulus]]<ref>Hoc commune in [[Circulus terrae Zviccaviensis|Circulo terrae Zviccaviensi]] Saxoniae situm ortum est cum antiqua communia Longorivulus (Theodisce ''Langenbach''), Alborivulus (Theodisce ''Weißbach'') et, postea, Slema (Theodisce ''Schlema'') [[1 Ianuarii|Kalendis Ianuariis]] anni [[1996]] coniuncta sint. Latino de toponymo "Longorivulus", vide: Calixtus, G. (1652). ''Historia de haeresibus et schismatibus variis eorumque confutationibus''. Helmaestadii: Typis Henningi Mulleri; et Latino de toponymo "Alborivulus", vide: Weiß, C. H. (1721). ''De scriptoribus historiae Saxonicae seculi XVII schediasma literarium''. Lipsiae: Apud Jo. Christianum Martinum. Quia hodiernum novi communis nomen Theodiscum, ''Langenweißbach'', nominum ''Langenbach'' et ''Weißbach'' [[verbum amalgamatum|vocabulum amalgamatum]] est, nomen "Longalborivulus" novo communi ex antiquiis nominibus "Longorivulus" et "Alborivulus" amalgamare possumus.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Langenweißbach'')</small> * [[Longavicia]]<ref name="SH 1864 II I">Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv (1864). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: II. Haupttheil, Band 1. Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Meißen und sächsischer Diözesen'' (Vol. 1). Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Oberlungwitz'')</small> * [[Longobernardivilla]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Langenbernsdorf'')</small> * [[Longocampus (Saxonia)|Longocampus]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lengenfeld'')</small> * [[Losavia]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lohsa''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Łaz'')</small> * [[Lossavia]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lossatal'')</small> * [[Luciabies]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lichtentanne'')</small> * [[Lucipetra]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lichtenstein/Sa.'' seu ''Lichtenstein/Sachsen'')</small> * [[Lucipratum]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lichtenau'')</small> * [[Luga (Saxonia)|Luga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lugau'')</small> * [[Lunzenavia]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lunzenau'')</small> * [[Lusicia]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Laußig'')</small> * [[Lusnicia]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Laußnitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Łužnica'')</small> * [[Lutgerivilla]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Leutersdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lutarjecy''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Leckerschdurf'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== M ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Maceria (Saxonia)|Maceria]]<ref name="Haubrichs 2020">Haubrichs, W. (2020). ''Étymologie: Objets, méthodes et perspectives''. Academia-Verlag.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Machern'')</small> * [[Magna Alberti Villa]]<ref name="Carpzov 1657"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großolbersdorf'')</small> * [[Magna Dubena]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Düben''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Dźěwin'')</small> * [[Magna Harthavia]]<ref name="Carpzov 1657">Carpzov, B. (1657). ''Decisiones Illustres Saxonicae: In quibus arduae et graves quaestiones in foro Saxonico'' (Vol. 2). Sumptibus Haeredum Schurerianorum.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Großharthau''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Hoarde'')</small> * [[Magna Hartmanni Villa]]<ref name="Stenzel XIV 1854"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großhartmannsdorf'')</small> * [[Magna Nova Villa]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Großnaundorf'')</small> * [[Magna Postvicia]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großpostwitz'' seu ''Großpostwitz/O.L.''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Budestecy'')</small> * [[Magna Pulchra Prata]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großschönau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wulki Šunow''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Grußschiene'')</small> * [[Magna Ruedigersdorfia]]<ref name="Carpzov 1657"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großröhrsdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wulke Rědorjecy''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Rihrschdurf'' seu ''Gaage'')</small> * [[Magna Schirma]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Großschirma'')</small> * [[Magna Swidnica]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großschweidnitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Swóńca'' seu ''Swidnica'' seu ''Swódnica''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Schweenz'')</small> * [[Magna Wizschena]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großweitzschen'')</small> * [[Malleus Muldae]]<ref name="Oettel 1748">Oettel, J. P. (1748). ''Alte und neue Historie der Königl. Pohln. und Churfürstl. Sächß. freyen Berg-Stadt Eybenstock''. Johann Jacob Schöps</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Muldenhammer'')</small> * [[Malscewiza]]<ref name="Kinne 2014">Kinne, H.-J. (2014). ''Das Kollegiatstift St. Petri zu Bautzen von der Gründung bis zum Reformationsjahrhundert (1221–1580)''. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen; De Gruyter; et: Kinne, H. (2014). ''Die Bistümer der Kirchenprovinz Magdeburg. Das Kollegiatstift St. Peter zu Bautzen von seiner Gründung bis zum 16. Jahrhundert'' (Germania Sacra, Dritte Folge 7). Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen / Walter de Gruyter.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Malschwitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Malešecy'')</small> * [[Mariaeberga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Marienberg'')</small> * [[Marquardi Villa]]<ref name="Sächsisches Staatsarchiv 1905">Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (1905). ''Diplomatarium Joachimsteinense: Die Urkunden der zur Herrschaft des freien weltadeligen evangelischen Fräuleinstifts Joachimstein gehörigen Rittergüter Radmeritz, Niecha, Markersdorf''. Baensch; et: Sächsisches Staatsarchiv. (1905). ''Urkundenbuch mit Regesten bedeutender Akten de Stadt Mittweida und ihrer Umgebung (1286–1500)'': Baensch.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Markersdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Markoćicy'')</small> * [[Mauritioburgum]]<ref name="Büttner 1712">Büttner, J. H. (1712). ''Genealogiae oder Stamm- und Geschlecht-Register der vornehmsten Lüneburgischen Adelichen Patricischen Geschlechter''. Luneburgi: Schultze</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Moritzburg'')</small> * [[Media Weida]]<ref name="Beyer II 1897">Beyer, C. (1897). ''Urkundenbuch der Stadt Erfurt'' (Vol. 2). [[Salinae Saxonicae|Salinis Saxonicis]]: Druck und Verlag von Otto Hendel.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Mittweida'')</small> * [[Merania (Saxonia)|Merania]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Meerane'')</small> * [[Mildenavia]]<ref name="AH 1786">Ab Academia Hallensi (1767). ''Luxum Germanorum XIII. Philosophiae et artium candidatis qui supremo hoc loco honore ab ordine philosophorum Lipsiensis magistri renuntiantur''... Lipsiae: Ex officina Langenhemia.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Mildenau'')</small> * [[Milsina (Saxonia)|Milsina]]<ref name="Gersdorf II I 1865">Gersdorf, E. G. (1865). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: II. Haupttheil, Band 1. Urkundenbuch der Stadt Leipzig''. Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Mülsen'')</small> * [[Misnia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Meißen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Mišno'')</small> * [[Mogelina Urbs]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Mügeln''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Mohilno'')</small> * [[Molendinorum Vallis (Saxonia)|Molendinorum Vallis]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Mühlental'')</small> * [[Mons Ecclesiae (Saxonia)|Mons Ecclesiae]]<ref name="Stenzel XIV 1854"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchberg'')</small> * [[Mons Lapideus Variscorum]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Steinberg'')</small> * [[Mons Picae]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Elsterberg'')</small> * [[Mons Praetorianus]]<ref name="Mencke 1728">Mencke, J. B. (1728). ''Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, praecipue Saxonicarum, in quibus scriptores aliquot rariotes nusquam adhuc editi''. [[Lipsia]]e: E. Martini; et: Mencke, J. B. (1728). ''Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, praecipue Saxonicarum'' (Tomus I). Lipsiae: Ioannes Christianus Martinus; et: Mencke, J. B. (1728). ''Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, praecipue Saxonicarum'' (Vol. 2). Sumptibus Ioannis Christiani Martini.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Amtsberg'')</small> * [[Mons Trifolium]]<ref name="Posse III 1898">Posse, O. (1898). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: I. Haupttheil, Band 3. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen (1196–1234)''. Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Markkleeberg'')</small> * [[Montes (Saxonia)|Montes]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bergen'')</small> * [[Mucherini]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Mockrehna'')</small> * [[Muckavium]]<ref name="SS 1930">Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (1930). ''Urkunden und Akten der Standesherrschaft Muskau: Prozesse und Klagen des fürstlichen Dominiums gegen die Schäfer zu Mücka''. Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Mücka''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Mikow'')</small> * [[Muldavium Saxonicum]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Mulda/Sa.'' seu ''Mulda/Sachsen'')</small> * [[Muscavia]]<ref name="UW 1685">Universität Wittenberg (1685). ''Album Academiae Vitebergensis: Tituli, inscriptiones et matriculae studiosorum (Johannes Henricus Cuntze, Muscavia-Lusatus)''. Ex officina typographica.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Muskau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Mužakow'')</small> * [[Myla (Saxonia)|Myla]]<ref name="Posse III 1897">Posse, O. (1897). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: I. Haupttheil, Band 3. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen (1196–1234)''. Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Mühlau'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== N ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Neofanum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Markneukirchen''; [[Varisce]] ''Neikirng'')</small> * [[Neokieritzschium]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neukieritzsch'')</small> * [[Neostadium ad Stolpam]]<ref name="Cotton 1831">Cotton, H. (1831). ''A Typographical Gazetteer'' (II ed.). Oxford University Press.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neustadt i. Sa.'' seu ''Neustadt in Sachsen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] '' Nowe Město w Sakskej'')</small> * [[Neostadium in Terra Advocatorum]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neustadt/Vogtl.'' et ''Neustadt/Vogtland'')</small> * [[Neovilla Germanica]]<ref name="Müller 1715">Müller, C. (1715). ''Saxoniae Electoralis Descriptio Historico-Geographica''. Lipsiae: Officina Gleditschiana.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Deutschneudorf'')</small> * [[Neswitza]]<ref name="Kinne 2014"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neschwitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Njeswačidło'')</small> * [[Netscha]]<ref name="Patze & Dolle 2000">Patze, H. & Dolle, J. (2000). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Naumburg: Teil 2 (1207–1304)''. Böhlau Verlag.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Netzschkau'')</small> * [[Nigromontium (Saxonia)|Nigromontium]]<ref name="Avianus 1589"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schwarzenberg/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Schwarzenberg/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Nivemontium (Saxonia)|Nivemontium]]<ref name="Avianus 1589">Avianius, I. (1589). ''ΜΟΥΣΑΙ ΣΥΓΧΑΙΡΟΥΣΑΙ ablegatae ad doctissimum optimumque adolescentem d. Bartholomaeum Cothium Nivemontium, quo tempore emeritum magisterii gradum philosophi Ienenses decreto suo illi concesserant''. Typis Academiae Ienensis.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Schneeberg'')</small> * [[Nova Curia (Saxonia)|Nova Curia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Naunhof'')</small> * [[Nova Ecclesia (Montes Metalliferi)|Nova Ecclesia]]<ref name="Ermisch 1879">Ermisch, H. (1879). ''Urkundenbuch der Stadt Chemnitz und ihrer Klöster''. In der Buchhandlung de Waisenhauses.</ref> <small>(in [[Montes Metalliferi (circulus)|Circulo Montium Metalliferorum]]<ref name="CMM"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neukirchen/Erzgeb.'' et ''Neukirchen/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Nova Ecclesia (prope Regiopontum)|Nova Ecclesia]]<ref name="Knothe 1875">Knothe, H. (1875). ''Urkundenbuch von Kamenz und seiner Umgebung''. Selbstverlag der Oberlausitzischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>(prope [[Regiopontum]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neukirch''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Neukirch pola Kinsporka'')</small> * [[Nova Ecclesia ad Pleissam]]<ref name="Patze & Dolle 2000"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neukirchen/Pleiße'')</small> * [[Nova Ecclesia in Lusatia]]<ref name="OGdW 1851"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neukirch/Lausitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wjazońca''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Neungirch'')</small> * [[Nova Salza-Spremberga]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/><ref name="OGdW 1851"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neusalza-Spremberg''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Nowosólc-Horni Hródk''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Neusaalz (-Spraamerch) bzw. Sprembsch'')</small> * [[Nova Villa (Saxonia)|Nova Villa]]<ref name="SH I III 1898">Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv (1898). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: Haupttheil I, Band 3. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen (1196–1234; und Regesten bis 1380)''. Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Naundorf'')</small> * [[Novae Aedes in Montibus Metallicis]]<ref name="SH I III 1898"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neuhausen/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Neuhausen/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Novale Dominae]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Fraureuth'')</small> * [[Novoforum (Saxonia)|Novoforum]]<ref name="SS 1935">Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (1935). ''Urkunden und Akten der Grundherrschaft Schönfels: Registrierungen über die Nachbardörfer im Grenzgebiet des Vogtlandes''. Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neumark'')</small> * [[Novum Salium]]<ref name="SH I III 1898"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neuensalz'')</small> * [[Nuncheriza]]<ref name="Gersdorf II II">Gersdorf, E. G. (1865). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: II. Haupttheil, Band 2. Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Meissen'' (Vol. 2). Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Nünchritz'')</small> * [[Nussena]]<ref name="SH II XVIII 1903">Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv (1903). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: II. Haupttheil, Band 18. Urkundenbuch der Städte Dresden und Pirna und der sächsischen Klöster''. Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Nossen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Nosyn'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== O ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Oderwitzium]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Oderwitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wódrjeńca''; [[Supralusatice]]; ''Uderwitz'')</small> * [[Oederanum]]<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=0HJGAAAAcAAJ&pg=PT27&lpg=PT27&dq=%22Oederanum%22&source=bl&ots=Ipk3ZXW6eM&sig=xXpZe8oE_ahkHQGyhRoMu1e4JBM&hl=it&sa=X&ei=nvwyVJaMOrKS7AaNhIDgCg&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=%22Oederanum%22&f=false Freibergi descriptio atque annales a.c. 1564 collecti (Google eBook) - Georg Fabricius, 1710].</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Oederan'')</small> * [[Oelsnitium (Terra Advocatorum)|Oelsnitium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>(in [[Terra advocatorum|Terra Advocatorum]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Oelsnitz/Vogtl.'' seu ''Oelsnitz/Vogtland''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wolešnica'')</small> * [[Olnitium (Montes Metalliferi)|Olnitium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>(in [[Montes Metalliferi (circulus)|Circulo Montium Metalliferorum]]<ref name="CMM"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Oelsnitz/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Oelsnitz im Erzgebirge''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wolešnica'')</small> * [[Osselinga]]<ref name="Kinne 2014"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Oßling''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wóslink'')</small> * [[Ossitium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Oschatz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Woseč'')</small> * [[Otterwischium]]<ref name="Friedensburg 1926">Friedensburg, W. (1926). ''Urkundenbuch der Universität Wittenberg'' (Geschichtsquellen der Provinz Sachsen und des Freistaates Anhalt, Neue Reihe 3). [[Magdeburgum|Magdeburgi]]: Selbstverlag de Historischen Commission.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Otterwisch'')</small> * [[Ottonis Villa-Okrilla]]<ref name="SH II I 1864">Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv. (1864). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: II. Haupttheil, Band 1. Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Meißen und sächsischer Diözesen''. Giesecke & Devrient.</ref><ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ottendorf-Okrilla''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Woćicy-Okrila'')</small> * [[Ostravia (Saxonia)|Ostravia]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ostritz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wostrowc''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Usterz'')</small> * [[Owa-Palus Slemensis]]<ref name="">Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Naumburg (1999). ''Regesta et diplomata episcopatus Naumburgensis (1207-1304)''. (Ed. ab H. J. Kirsch). [[Colonia Agrippina|Coloniae Agrippinae]]: Böhlau Verlag.</ref><ref name="Mencke 1730">Mencke, J. B. (1730). ''Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, praecipue Saxonicarum, in quibus scriptores aliquot rariotes nusquam adhuc editi''. Lipsiae: E. Martini.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Aue-Bad Schlema'')</small> * [[Oybinium]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Oybin''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Ojwin'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== P ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Palus Regia]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bad Lausick'')</small> * [[Pancicium-Kucovium]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/><ref name="Knothe 1879">Knothe, H. (1879). ''Geschichte des Tuchmacherhandwerks in der Oberlausitz bis zum Einkommen der Innungen''. Druck von G. Schönfeld; et: Knothe, H. (1879). ''Urkundenbuch des Cistercienserklosters St. Marienstern in der Oberlausitz''. [[Salinae Saxonicae|Salinis Saxonicis]]: Waisenhaus.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Panschwitz-Kuckau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Pančicy-Kukow'')</small> * [[Parvum Nemus Lusaticum]]<ref name="Jecht 1896"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hähnichen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wosečk''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Hahnchn'')</small> * [[Parvum Nemus Misnicum]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hainichen'')</small> * [[Parvum Nemus Silvae]]<ref name="Carpzov 1657"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hainewalde''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Heenewaale'')</small> * [[Passini]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großpösna'')</small> * [[Pegavia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Pegau'')</small> * [[Penica]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Penig'')</small> * [[Petra Ursi (Saxonia)|Petra Ursi]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bärenstein'')</small> * [[Pirna]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Pirna''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Pěrno'')</small> * [[Plavia Variscorum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Plauen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Pławno'')</small> * [[Pocavia-Longocampus]]<ref name="IfSGuV 2025"/><ref name="SH 1925">Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv (1925). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Urkundenbuch der Kirchen und Klöster im Erzgebirge''. Wilhelm Engelmann.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Pockau-Lengefeld'')</small> * [[Polium (Saxonia)|Polium]]<ref name="SH 1928">Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv (1928). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Urkundenbuch der Vögte von Weida, Gera und Plauen''. Wilhelm Engelmann.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Pöhl'')</small> * [[Pons Regularis]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Halsbrücke'')</small> * [[Praepositia]]<ref name="AdWzG 1898">Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (1898). ''Historisches Ortsnamenbuch von Sachsen: Appellativischer Wortschatz im Namenbestand''. Giesecke & Devrient; et: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (1898). ''Historisches Ortsnamenbuch von Sachsen: Linguistische Analyse und Etymologie der slawisch-germanischen Grenzflüsse''. Giesecke & Devrient; et: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (1898). ''Historisches Ortsnamenbuch von Sachsen: Linguistische Analyse und Etymologie der slawischen Personennamen im Denkmalsbestand''. Giesecke & Devrient; et: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (1898). ''Historisches Ortsnamenbuch von Sachsen: Linguistische Analyse und slawisch-germanische Etymologie der Oberlausitz''. Giesecke & Devrient; et: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (1898). ''Historisches Ortsnamenbuch von Sachsen: Linguistische Analyse und germanische Etymologie der osterzgebirgischen Siedlungen''. Giesecke & Devrient. </ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Priestewitz'')</small> * [[Pratum Alnorum]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Erlau'')</small> * [[Pratum Capreoli]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bockau''; [[Metalliferomontane]] ''Bucke'')</small> * [[Pratum Corvi]]<ref name="AdWzG 1898"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Rabenau'')</small> * [[Pratum Fulcimentorum]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Stützengrün''; localiter dialectaliter ''Stitzngrie'')</small> * [[Pratum Inferius (Saxonia)|Pratum Inferius]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Niederau'')</small> * [[Pratum Nissae]]<ref name="OGdW 1851">Oberlausitzische Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften (1851). ''Codex diplomaticus Lusatiae superioris: Sammlung von Urkunden zur Geschichte des Markgrafthums Oberlausitz'' (Vol. 1). In der Buchhandlung des Waisenhauses.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Neißeaue''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Nysowa łučina'')</small> * [[Pussa-Mulitrophia]]<ref name="SS 2005">Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (2005). ''Urkunden- und Kanzleiwesen der sächsischen Städte im Spätmittelalter''. Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden.</ref><ref name="IfSGuV 2025">Institut für Sächsische Geschichte und Volkskunde [ISGV] (2025). ''Digitales Historisches Ortsverzeichnis von Sachsen: Dokumentation des castrum und der Stadt Mühltroff''. ISGV Dresden Online.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Pausa-Mühltroff'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== Q ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Quercetum (Saxonia)|Quercetum]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703">Cellarius, C. (1703). ''Notitia Orbis Antiqui, sive Geographia Plenior, ab Ortum Rerumpublicarum ad Constantinorum Tempora''. Impensis Ioannis Friderici Gleditschii.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eichigt''; [[Varisce]] ''Maechlicht'' seu ''Machlich)'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== R ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Racovitium]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Rackwitz'')</small> * [[Radeberga]]<ref name="Leyser & Cundisius 1627">Leyser, W., & Cundisius, G. (1627). ''Cum Christo, de Christo publica disquisitio instituetur 20 Decemb. praeside Wilhelmo Lysero... respondente M. Godofredo Cundisio, Radeberga-Misnico''. Typis haered. Salom. Auerbach.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Radeberg'')</small> * [[Radebule]]<ref name="SS sd">Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (sine die). ''Ältere Urkunden (Bestand 10001): Urkundenbuch-Regesten zu Orten im Meißner Raum (Radebule, Meißen, Zschaitz)''. Sächsisches Staatsarchiv; Sächsisches Staatsarchiv. (s.d.). ''Ältere Urkunden (Bestand 10001): Urkundenregesten der Amtshauptmannschaft Freiberg''. Sächsisches Staatsarchiv; et: Sächsisches Staatsarchiv. (s.d.). ''Ältere Urkunden: Besitzrechte und Lehnsakten des Rittergutes Rietschen samt Niederprauske''. Sächsisches Staatsarchiv; et: Sächsisches Staatsarchiv. (s.d.). ''Ältere Urkunden (Bestand 10001): Urkundenregesten des Kollegiatstifts St. Peter zu Bautzen (Pfarrei Slepe / Schleife)''. Sächsisches Staatsarchiv; et: Sächsisches Staatsarchiv. (s.d.). ''Ältere Urkunden (Bestand 10001): Urkundenregesten zu Besitzrechten der Herrschaft und des Schlosses Schönberg''. Sächsisches Staatsarchiv; et: Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (s. d.). ''Ältere Urkunden: Besitzrechte, Lehnsakten und Gerichtsunterlagen des Rittergutes Steina bei Pulsnitz''. Sächsisches Staatsarchiv.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Radebeul''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Radobyle'')</small> * [[Radeburgum]]<ref name="Cardano 1550">Cardano, G. (1550). De subtilitate libri XXI. Iohannes Petreius.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Radeburg'')</small> * [[Radibor]]<ref name="Gersdorf I III 1864">Gersdorf, E. G. (1864). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: Haupttheil 1, Band 3. Urkunden der Markgrafen de Meissen und Landgrafen von Thüringen''. Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] 'Radibor''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Radwor'')</small> * [[Ralbitium-Rosarum Vallis]]<ref name="-itium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-itz'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-itium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Rockelvitium]], [[Denheritium]], [[Groditium]], [[Oelsnitium (Terra Advocatorum)|Oelsnitium]], [[Olnitium (Montes Metalliferi)|Olnitium]], [[Racovitium]] apud hunc articulum.</ref><ref name="Rosarum Vallis">Theodiscum toponymum ''Rosenthal'' "Rosarum Vallis" latinizari solet. Exempli gratia, vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenaref/dupuy/dupuy1/Dupuy_nomina.html ''Nominum propriorum Virorum, Mulierum, Populorum, etc...''], ubi dicitur "(...) Rosarum vallis, ''Rosenthal'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ralbitz-Rosenthal''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Ralbicy-Róžant'')</small> * [[Rammenavia]]<ref name="-avia">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-au'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-avia-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: Sc(h)ongavia, Sec(c)lavia, Sit(t)avia, [[Sprottavia]], [[Spandavia]], Steinavia, Sundgavia, [[Thurnavia]], [[Torgavia]], [[Troppavia]], [[Velavia]], [[Wolavia]], [[Aravia]], [[Arnavia]], Batavia, [[Boleslavia]], Brisigavia, [[Burgavia]], Crumavia, [[Crumlavia]], Czasslavia, [[Dessavia]], Dirschavia, Iglavia, [[Gilavia Borussica]], [[Gilavia Germanica]], Glauchavia, Gloavia, [[Grotgavia]], Hirschavia, Iaroslavia, [[Labiavia]], [[Landavia]], Lindavia, [[Liptavia]], [[Lobavia]], [[Lochavia]], [[Lublavia]], [[Luccavia]], [[Mitavia]], [[Multavia]], Namslavia, Nazzavia, [[Neoboleslavia]], Olavia, Oppavia, [[Pegavia]], Pil(l)avia, [[Premislavia]], apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Rammenau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Ramnow''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Roamm'')</small> * [[Ransteta]]<ref name="Gersdorf II IX I 1865">Gersdorf, E. G. (1865). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: II. Haupttheil, Band 9. Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Merseburg'' (Vol. 1). Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Markranstädt'')</small> * [[Raschavia-Marquardi Villa]]<ref name="Doppert 1725">Doppert, J. (1725). ''Hoc Monumentum Absentiae Christiani Frid. Veigelii, Raschavia Misnici Prope Lucum Viridem, Iuvenis Politi Pariterque Modesti, Auditoris''. Typis Fulda.</ref><ref name="Gersdorf I III 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Raschau-Markersbach'')</small> * [[Ratha]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Rathen'')</small> * [[Rathmannsdorfium]]<ref name="-dorfium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]], Altdorfium, Burgdorfium, [[Ensdorfium]], Oberndorfium apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Rathmannsdorf'')</small> * [[Rechenberga-Molendinum Apium]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="SS sd"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Rechenberg-Bienenmühle'')</small> * [[Regiocampus (Saxonia)|Regiocampus]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Königsfeld'')</small> * [[Regiopontum]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652">Calixtus, G. (1652). ''Historia de haeresibus et schismatibus variis eorumque confutationibus''. Helmaestadii: Typis Henningi Mulleri.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Königsbrück''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kinspork'')</small> * [[Regiosilva (Circulus terrae Gorliciensis)|Regiosilva]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Gorliciensis|Circulo terrae Gorliciensi]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Gorliciensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Görlitz'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Gorliciensis-e" ad [[Gorlicium Germaniae|Gorlicium]] refertur. Quod de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Königshain''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kralowski haj'')</small> * [[Regiosilva (Montes Metalliferi)|Regiosilva]]<ref name="Lehmann">Lehmann, C. (1699). ''Historia historico-geographica de limitibus et mirabilibus montium metalliferorum Saxonicorum''. Dresdae: Typis Baumannianis.</ref> <small>(in [[Montes Metalliferi (circulus)|Circulo Montium Metalliferorum]]<ref name="CMM">"Nuntii Latini Bremenses", [https://www.bremenzwei.de/themen/latein-nachrichten-rueckblick-september-102.html Septembris 2024, "Pauli Praemium Atrii Artificialis Bremensis tributum"].</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Königswalde''; [[Metalliferomontane]] ''Kinnesch’wall'')</small> * [[Regiosilva-Wideravia]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/><ref name="Schmid 1705">Schmid, J. (1705). ''Dies fasti Academiae Lipsiensis, continens dissertationes et panegyricas orationes''. Lipsiae: Typis Fleischerianis.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Königshain-Wiederau'')</small> * [[Regiovarda]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Königswartha''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Rakecy'')</small> * [[Regis-Breitinga]]<ref name="Wiessner 1998">Wiessner, H. (1998). ''Das Bistum Naumburg 1,1. Die Diözese (Germania Sacra, Neue Folge 35,1)''. Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte / Walter de Gruyter.</ref><ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Regis-Breitingen'')</small> * [[Reichenbachium Lusatiae]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Reichenbach/O.L.''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Rychbach'')</small> * [[Reichenbachium Variscorum]]<ref name="Huldreich 1705">Huldreich, J. B. (1705). ''Miscellanea Tigurina: exhibentia eruditorum potissimum Tigurinorum elogia, ephemerides, et elenchos''. Typis Bodmerianis.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Reichenbach im Vogtland''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Reichenbach''; [[Varisce]] ''Reignbach'')</small> * [[Reinhardtsdorfium-Schoena]]<ref name="-dorfium"/><ref name="De la Vega V 1791">De la Vega, J. (1791). ''Diccionario Geográfico Universal, que comprehende la descripción de las quatro partes del mundo (Vol. 5)''. [[Matritum|Matriti]]: Imprenta Real.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Reinhardtsdorf-Schöna'')</small> * [[Reinsberga (Saxonia)|Reinsberga]]<ref name="-berga"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Reinsberg'')</small> * [[Reinsdorfium (Saxonia)|Reinsdorfium]]<ref name="-dorfium"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Reinsdorf'')</small> * [[Remsea]]<ref name="UL 1720">Universitas Lipsiensis (1720). ''Monumentum Praeclarae Ut Virtutis, Sic Optimae Spei Iuvenis, Domini Christiani Friderici Philippi, Remsea Misnici Strenui Iurium Cultoris''. Ex officina typographica SLUB Dresdae (Sub nota: Op.var.22.m,misc.133).</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Remse'')</small> * [[Rezowiensis Civitas]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Riesa''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Ryzawa'')</small> * [[Rietscha]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Rietschen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Rěčicy'')</small> * [[Rivus Rosarum Lusatiae]]<ref name="Hoffmann 1719">Hoffmann, C. G. (1719). ''Scriptores rerum Lusaticarum antiqui & recentiores, seu Monumenta antiqua, praecipue ad Lusatiam utramque spectantia'' (Vol. 1). Sumptibus Davidis Peetzii.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Rosenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Rosarum Variscorum]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Rosenbach/Vogtl.'' seu ''Rosenbach/Vogtland'')</small> * [[Rockelvitium]]<ref name="Knothe 1883">Knothe, H. (1883). ''Analecta selecta ad historiam Lusatiae Superioris spectantia''. Sumptibus Societatis Scientiarum Budissinensis.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Räckelwitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Worklecy'')</small> * [[Rodewa]]<ref name="Posse 1889">Posse, O. (Ed.) (1889). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: Haupttheil 1, Band 2. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen (1100–1195)''. Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Rötha'')</small> * [[Rodewischia]]<ref>Hoc Latinum toponymum regressive derivatur Latino e gentilicio "Rodewischianus-a-um". Quo de gentilicio, vide: Schöttgen, C., & Kreysig, G. C. (1755). ''Diplomataria et scriptores historiae Germanicae medii aevi cum sigillis (Vol. 3)''. Officina Richteriana.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Rodewisch''; [[Varisce]] ''Ruewisch'' seu ''Ruebisch'')</small> * [[Rosarum Vallis-Vallis Bielae]]<ref name="Rosarum Vallis"/><ref name="Cardano 1550"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Rosenthal-Bielatal'')</small> * [[Rossavia (Saxonia)|Rossavia]]<ref name="-avia"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Rossau'')</small> * [[Roswyn]]<ref name="Posse III 1898"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Roßwein''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Roswin'')</small> * [[Rothenburgium Lusatiae]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Rothenburg/Oberlausitz'' seu ''Rothenburg/O.L.''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Rózbork''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Ruttnburg'')</small> * [[Rotlizi]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Rochlitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Rochlica'')</small> * [[Rudigerivilla Arida-Theodericibachium]]<ref name="Posee 1882"/><ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dürrröhrsdorf-Dittersbach'')</small> * [[Rueckerswalda Magna]]<ref name="Carpzov 1657"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großrückerswalde'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== S ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Scheibenberga]]<ref name="Kirsch 1729">Kirsch, C. G. (1729). ''Casus De Poena Dupli Ob Hypothecam Judicialem''. Typis Ioannis Christiani Hilligeri / Universitas Halensis.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Scheibenberg'')</small> * [[Schirgiswalda-Kirschavia]]<ref name="-walda">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-wald'' seu ''-walde'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-walda-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Dippoldiswalda]], [[Geringswalda]], [[Lawalda]], [[Rueckerswalda Magna]] apud hunc articulum.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small><ref name="-avia"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schirgiswalde-Kirschau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Šěrachow-Korzym''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Schirgswaale-Kirsche'')</small> * [[Schoena Superior]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Oberschöna'')</small> * [[Schoenavia-Berzdorfium]]<ref name="Crell & Frenzel 1743">Crell, C. L. (Pr.), & Frenzel, J. G. (Resp.). (1743). ''Observationes De Ivre Connvbiorvm Speciatim In Lvsatia Svperiore''. Typis Ioannis Friderici Schlomachi / Universitas Vitembergensis.</ref><ref name="-dorfium"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schönau-Berzdorf auf dem Eigen'' seu ''Schönau-Berzdorf a. d. Eigen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Schönau-Berzdorf'')</small> * [[Schonbachium (Saxonia)|Schonbachium]]<ref name="Nicolosi II 1660">Nicolosi, J. B. (1660). ''Parallela geographiae veteris et novae: Tomus Secundus''. Typis Michaelis Herculis.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schönbach''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Šumbach''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Schimmch'')</small> * [[Schonwolkavia]]<ref name="-avia"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schönwölkau'')</small> * [[Schwepnitium]]<ref name="-itium"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schwepnitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Sepicy'')</small> * [[Scudici]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schkeuditz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Skudźicy'')</small> * [[Sebnitium]]<ref name="-itium"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Sebnitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Zebnica'' seu ''Sebnica'')</small> * [[Seiffa]]<ref name="-a"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Seiffen/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Seiffen/Erzgebirge''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Seiffen'')</small> * [[Silva Hartha]]<ref name="Carpzov 1657"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hartha'')</small> * [[Sitavia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Zittau'' et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Žitawa''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Sitte'')</small> * [[Slatina]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schlettau'')</small> * [[Slepe]]<ref name="SS sd"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schleife''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Slepo''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Slepico-Sorabice]] ''Slěpe'')</small> * [[Smelna-Putzkavia]]<ref name="Hoffmann 1719"/><ref name="-avia"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schmölln-Putzkau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Smělna-Póckowy'')</small> * [[Sohlandia ad Spreham]]<ref name="-landia">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-land'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-landia-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amelandia]], [[Bevelandia Australis]], [[Bevelandia Septentrionalis]], [[Bolandia]], [[Iutlandia]], [[Curlandia]], [[Estlandia]], [[Finlandia]], [[Flevolandia]], [[Friedlandia]], [[Islandia]], [[Gothlandia]], [[Hollandia]], [[Ingermanlandia]], [[Isalandia]] [[Lalandia]], [[Langelandia]], [[Oehtlandia]] [[Olandia]], [[Sallandia]], [[Samlandia]] [[Zelandia]], [[Selandia]] [[Fotlandia]], [[Wermelandia]] [[Withlandia]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Sohland an der Spree'' seu ''Sohland a. d. Spree''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Załom'')</small> * [[Stauchitium]]<ref name="-itium"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Stauchitz'')</small> * [[Steina]]<ref name="SS sd"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Steina''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Sćenjow'')</small> * [[Steinigtwolmsdorfium]]<ref name="-dorfium"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Steinigtwolmsdorf'' et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wołbramecy''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Wunnsdurf'' seu ''Wumpe'' seu ''Steenigwupte'')</small> * [[Stolipolis]]<ref name="UL 1602">Universitas Lipsiensis (1602). ''Epithalamia In Honorem Ornatissimi Et Doctissimi Viri Domini Georgii Fabricii Stolipolitani''. Typis Iohanni Schnorri.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Stollberg/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Stollberg/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Stolpa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Stolpen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Stołpin'' seu ''Stołpno'')</small> * [[Strela]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Strehla''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Strjela'')</small> * [[Struppa]]<ref name="-a">Germanica toponyma cum terminatione ''-en'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata "-a-ae", quamquam huius terminationis variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Stolpa]], [[Dresda]] apud hunc articulum; et Ala, [[Amma]], [[Brema]], [[Salancema]], Wisa, [[Groninga]], [[Toringa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Struppen'')</small> * [[Susudata]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Sayda'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== T ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Tarandia]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Tharandt'')</small> * [[Taura]]<ref name="Schöttegen 1741">Schöttgen, C. (1741). De Originibus Schoenburgicis Dissertatio Philologico-Historica qua Viro Summe Reverendo Christophoro Gottlob Grundigio. Vitembergae: Litteris Eichsfeldiis</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Taura'')</small> * [[Thallwicum]]<ref name="Carpzov 1668">Carpzov, B. (1668). ''Definitiones forenses, ac iudiciariae iuxta constitutiones electoralis Saxonicas explicitis et ad usum fororum''... Lipsiae: Sumptibus Haeredum Henningi Grossii.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Thallwitz'')</small> * [[Theosebia]]<ref name="AdWzG 1898"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Puschwitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bóšicy'')</small> * [[Thermalbad Wiesenbad]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] '''')</small> * [[Theuma]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] '''')</small> * [[Thiendorf]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] '''')</small> * [[Thum]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] '''')</small> * [[Thümmlitzwalde]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] '''')</small> * [[Tirpersdorf]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] '''')</small> * [[Tollanum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&cq=M%C3%BCnchen&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Dolan'')</small> * [[Torgau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] '''')</small> * [[Trebendorf]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] '''')</small> * [[Trebnicia Elstri]]<ref name="Friedrich 1904">Friedrich, G. (Ed.) (1904). ''Codex Diplomaticus et Epistolaris Regni Bohemiae'' (Vol. 1). Sumptibus Comitiorum Regni Bohemiae.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Elstertrebnitz'')</small> * [[Trebsen/Mulde]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] '''')</small> * [[Treuen]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] '''')</small> * [[Triebel/Vogtl.]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] '''')</small> * [[Triebischtal]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] '''')</small> * [[Trimurica]]<ref name="Posse 1883"/><ref name="Hanspach 2014">Hanspach, D. (2024). ''Silva, nemus, merica, forestum: Die ältesten schriftlichen Wald- und Heidebelege im Lehnbuch Friedrich des Strengen''. In ''Arbeits- und Forschungsberichte zur sächsischen Bodendenkmalpflege'' (Band 32). Dresdae: Landesamt für Archäologie Sachsen.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dreiheide'')</small> * [[Trossin]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] '''')</small> * [[Tuchavia]]<ref name="Carpzov 1649">Carpzov, B. (1649). ''Commentarius in Legem Regiam Germanorum, in qua de jure imperii, majestatisque juribus regnandi''... Lipsiae: Sumptibus Haeredum Henningi Grossii.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Taucha'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== V ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Vallis Domus in Montibus Metallicorum]]<ref name="Cellarius 1706">Cellarius, C. (1706). ''Notitia orbis antiqui, sive geographia plenior, ab ortu rerumpublicarum ad Constantinorum tempora'' (Vol. 1). Cantabrigiae: Typis Academicis.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Thalheim/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Thalheim/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Vallis Ganae]]<ref name="SH I III 1898"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Jahnatal'')</small> * [[Vallis Ignominiosa]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Schandau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Žandow'')</small> * [[Vallis Kobilizensis]]<ref name="">Ernst, J. (Ed.) (1968). ''Formulae Merovingici et Karolini Aevi'' (Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Legum Sectio V). [[Hannovera]]e: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Käbschütztal'')</small> * [[Vallis Libera]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Freital'')</small> * [[Vallis Lutosa]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bahretal'')</small> * [[Vallis Moglicia]]<ref name="Gersdorf IV 1870">Gersdorf, E. G. (1870). ''Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae: Haupttheil I, Band 4. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen (1235–1300)''. Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Müglitztal'')</small> * [[Vallis Pratensis Superior]]<ref name="SH 1951"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Oberwiesenthal'')</small> * [[Vallis Raderae]]<ref name="Gersdorf II I 1864"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Röderaue'')</small> * [[Vallis Scepis]]<ref name="Hoffmann 1719"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Schöpstal''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Šepcowy Doł'')</small> * [[Vallis Sehmae]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Sehmatal'')</small> * [[Vallis Sonorosa]]<ref name="Mencke 1730"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Klingenthal'' seu ''Klingenthal/Sa.''; [[Varisce]] ''Klingedool'')</small> * [[Vallis Spreae]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Spreetal''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Sprjewiny Doł'')</small> * [[Vallis Stregis]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Striegistal'')</small> * [[Villa Bavari]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Beiersdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bejerecy'')</small> * [[Villa Bernardi (Circulus terrae Zviccaviensis)|Villa Bernardi]] <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Zviccaviensis|Circulo terrae Zviccaviensi]]<ref name="CTZ">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Zviccaviensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Zwickau'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Cygnea]]m" -ad quod gentilicium "Zviccaviensis-e" refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}. Quo de gentilicio, confer "[[Codex Statutorum Zviccaviensium|Codex Statutorum Zviccaviensium]]", anno [[1348]] scriptum.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bernsdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Bernardi (Lusatia Superior)|Villa Bernardi]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> (in [[Lusatia superior|Lusatia Superior]]e) <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bernsdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Njedźichow'')</small> * [[Villa Bertholdi Montana]]<ref name="Prochno 1939">Prochno, J. (1939). ''Zittauer Urkundenbuch, Band 1: Regesten zur Geschichte der Stadt und des Landes Zittau 1234–1437''. [[Sitavia]]e: Mitteilungen del Zittauer Geschichts- und Museumsvereins.</ref><ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bertsdorf-Hörnitz'')</small> * [[Villa Boni]]<ref name="Mencke 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bennewitz'')</small> * [[Villa Chemnitzia]]<ref name="Buddeus 1704">Buddeus, J. F. (1704). ''Historia iuris naturalis, seculi iussu et auctoritate potissimum Samuelis Pufendorfii restituti''. Halae Magdeburgicae: Typis et impensis Ioannis Friderici Zeitleri.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dorfchemnitz'' seu ''Dorfchemnitz bei Sayda'')</small> * [[Villa Ernfridi]]<ref name="SS 1490">Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (1490). ''Ältere Urkunden: Andreas Trapp, Verweser des Altars Johannes’ des Täufers in der Pfarrkirche Ehrenfriedersdorf (Ernfridißdorff)''. Sächsisches Staatsarchiv.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ehrenfriedersdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Indaginis]]<ref name="Posse 1881"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dorfhain'')</small> * [[Villa Panis]]<ref name="Mencke 1730"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bannewitz'')</small> * [[Viridifluxus]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grünbach''; [[Varisce]] ''Grieboch'')</small> * [[Viridis Lucus-Bavaricum Feldum]]<ref name="Carpzov 1657"/><ref name="Ermisch 1864">Ermisch, H. (Ed.). (1864). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Haupttheil II, Band 1. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grünhain-Beierfeld'')</small> * [[Viridulum Nemus]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Grünhainichen'')</small> * [[Virsnia Inferior]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Niederwürschnitz'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== W ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Wachau (Saxe)|Wachau]] * [[Waldenbourg (Saxe)|Waldenbourg]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Waldheim]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Waldhufen-Vierkirchen]] * [[Wechselburg]] * [[Weinböhla]] * [[Weischlitz]] * [[Weißenberg]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Weißenborn/Erzgeb.]] * [[Weißig am Raschütz]] * [[Weißkeißel]] * [[Weißwasser]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Werda]] * [[Werdau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wermsdorf]] * [[Wiedemar]] * [[Wiednitz]] * [[Wildenfels]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wildenhain]] * [[Wilkau-Haßlau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wilsdruff]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wilthen]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wira Superior]]<ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Oberwiera'')</small> * [[Wisa Inferior]]<ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Niederwiesa'')</small> * [[Wittichenau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wolkenstein (Saxe)|Wolkenstein]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wülknitz]] * [[Wurzen]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wylyn]]<ref name="Wylyn">Vide [https://grokipedia.com/page/stadt_wehlen ''Grokipedianum de hac urbe articulum''], ubi dicitur "(...) The first historical record of the site appears on December 5, 1269, when Margrave Heinrich III of Meissen (known as "the Illustrious") documented the castle as ''castrum Wylyn'' (...)".</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Stadt Wehlen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wjelin'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== Z ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Zabeltitz]] * [[Zeithain]] * [[Zelici]]<ref name="Posse 1889"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Seelitz'')</small> * [[Zettlitz]] * [[Ziegra-Knobelsdorf]] * [[Zinna]] * [[Zöblitz]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Zschadraß]] * [[Zschepplin]] * [[Zschopau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Zschorlau]] * [[Zwenkau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Zwickau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Zwochau]] * [[Zwönitz]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Zwota]] {{div col end}} ==Notae== <references /> [[Categoria:Urbes Saxoniae]] racf5g0ea82geqhpxesgvbwpvnrz2lw 10 325742 3971812 3966659 2026-07-13T13:39:06Z Grufo 64423 Minora 3971812 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{safesubst:<noinclude />Si in substitutione | 1 = <noinclude />{<noinclude />{<noinclude />Formula indicia e Vicidatis reperiens{{safesubst:<noinclude />#invoke:params| excluding_non-numeric_names| mapping_to_uppercase| renaming_by_mixing|$@| discarding|| all_sorted| setting|hi|{{safesubst:<noinclude />!}}| for_each|$#}}<noinclude />}<noinclude />}<noinclude /> | 2 = {{Capsa lateralis | imago = Wikidata-logo-la.svg | 1 = {{#invoke:params| excluding_non-numeric_names| renaming_by_mixing|$@| mapping_by_invoking|vicidata|appellatio|names_only_as|tessera| discarding|| all_sorted| setting|h/i/n|Haec formula nonnulla indicia e '''[[Vicidata|Vicidatis]]''' sua sponte reperit: | |{{Error|Error: Nullum argumentum datur.}}| for_each|* '''''[[:d:Property:$#|$@ ($#)]]'''''}} }}{{#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio||{{In harenario aut alibi||[[Categoria:Formulae Vicidatorum|{{PAGENAME}}]]}}}} }}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentatio}}</noinclude> fqdvjkuysootyghcve261gwqvuj4qpg 3971822 3971812 2026-07-13T13:58:40Z Grufo 64423 3971822 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{safesubst:<noinclude />Si in substitutione | 1 = <noinclude />{<noinclude />{<noinclude />Formula indicia e Vicidatis reperiens{{safesubst:<noinclude />#invoke:params| excluding_non-numeric_names| mapping_to_uppercase| renaming_by_mixing|$@| discarding|| all_sorted| setting|hi|{{safesubst:<noinclude />!}}| for_each|$#}}<noinclude />}<noinclude />}<noinclude /> | 2 = {{Capsa lateralis | imago = Wikidata-logo-la.svg | 1 = {{#invoke:params| excluding_non-numeric_names| renaming_by_mixing|$@| discarding|| mapping_by_invoking|vicidata|appellatio|names_only_as|tessera| all_sorted| setting|h/i/n|Haec formula nonnulla indicia e '''[[Vicidata|Vicidatis]]''' sua sponte reperit: | |{{Error|Error: Nullum argumentum datur.}}| for_each|* '''''[[:d:Property:$#|$@ ($#)]]'''''}} }}{{#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio||{{In harenario aut alibi||[[Categoria:Formulae Vicidatorum|{{PAGENAME}}]]}}}} }}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentatio}}</noinclude> tc68vnri4398e1p9s0e0zpykqdj9gps 0 325879 3971861 3971328 2026-07-13T16:54:31Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De cursu honorum */ 3971861 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Diptych Nicomachi-Symmachi collated.jpg|thumb|Diptychum Symmachorum et Nicomachorum, quod matrimonium inter illas gentes fortasse celebrabat.]] '''Nicomachus Flavianus iunior''' ('''floruit''' exeunte quarto ineunte quinto saeculo) fuit senator Romanus qui ter [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] curavit. Homo litteratus quoque fuit qui [[Titus Livius|Titum Livium]] recensuit (eius nomen in subscriptione librorum sexti, septimi, octavi legitur). Primo in patris vestigiis [[Paganismus|paganismo]] favit sed [[Eugenius (imperator)|Eugenio]] usurpatore, cui praefectus urbi fuit, victo necatoque, ne poenas defectionis [[Theodosius I|Theodosio]] daret aut [[cursus honorum]] omnino frangeretur ad [[christianismus|christianismum]] sese convertisse videtur<ref>Quod ex testimonio [[Augustinus Hipponensis|Augustini]] ducitur, ''[[De civitate Dei|De Civitate Dei]]'' V.26.</ref>. == De familia == Filius paganorum partium ducis [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virii Nicomachi Flaviani]] erat qui sese post cladem ad [[Frigidus (flumen)|Frigidum Flumen]] occidit ([[394]]). Filiam scriptoris [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]], Gallam, uxorem duxit et multas epistulas a socero accepit<ref>''Epistulae'' VI.1-81.</ref> == De cursu honorum == Nicomachus iunior fuit consularis [[Campania (Italia)|Campaniae]] anno incerto ac deinde [[Fasti proconsulum Asiae|proconsul Asiae]] (382/3) e qua dignitate tamen pulsus est postquam [[centurio|centurionem]] verberavit. Theodosii iram metuens statim Romam rediit<ref>[[Libanius]], ''Oratio'' 28.5. Ad hunc eventum alludere videtur Symmachus lib.III ep.69.</ref>. Post intervallum honoribus carens ab usurpatore Eugenio praefectus Urbi anno [[392]] creatus est; eodem tempore pater praefectus Italiae erat et anno [[394]] [[Consul ordinarius|consul ordinarius]]. Qui tamen post Eugenium victum mortem sibi conscivit in consulatu. Nicomachus iunior [[salarium]] patri ob praefecturam datum rependere debuit, alio supplicio adfectus non visus fortasse quia conversionem ad Christianismum non aspernatus est. Post novum intervallum [[Flavius Stilicho|Stilichonis]] gratia<ref>Symmachus, ''Ep'' IV.4.</ref> praefectus Urbi iterum annis 399/400 [[Honorius (imperator)|Honorio imperante]] factus est atque etiam tertium anno 408 et postremo iam senex annis [[431]]/2 praefectus praetorio Italiae, Illyrici et Africae.<ref>{{CIL|6|1783}}. A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/344/mode/2up 345-347]</ref>. Inter magistratus plerumque [[Henna|Hennae]] in Sicilia in praedio suo morabatur. Ut eius maiores patrocinium [[Neapolis|Naepolitanorum]] civitatis curabat. == Notae == <references/> == Fontes == *{{CIL|6|1783}} Dessau 8985 {{AE|1934|147}} *Symmachus, ''Epistulae'' VI.1-81 ad Nicomachum missae, sed etiam II.17 19 22 24, III.69.2 89, IV.19 47 51, VI.12, VII.104 == Plura legere si cupis == *Alan Cameron, ''The Last Pagans of Rome''. Oxford University Press, 2011 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=AIQ8DwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://www.academia.edu/117724893/The_Last_Pagans_of_Rome_By_Alan_Cameron Recensio critica] [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2011/2011.12.35 Altera recensio critica] * Robert Malcolm Errington, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436261 The Praetorian Prefectures of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]", ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 439–461. * Michel Festy, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/crai_0065-0536_2004_num_148_2_22744 Les Nicomaques, auteurs de l'Histoire auguste. La jalousie des méchants]",''Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres'', 2004: 757-767 == Nexus externi == *[https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/RE:Flavianus_15 Flavianus 15] in [[Paulys Real-Enzyklopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft]] [[Categoria:Praefecti urbi Romae antiqui]] [[Categoria:Proconsules Asiae]] [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]] [[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 4]] 5mlznlczhxu1jggzmlteogkvrqeogtl 3971863 3971861 2026-07-13T17:03:06Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Fontes */ 3971863 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Diptych Nicomachi-Symmachi collated.jpg|thumb|Diptychum Symmachorum et Nicomachorum, quod matrimonium inter illas gentes fortasse celebrabat.]] '''Nicomachus Flavianus iunior''' ('''floruit''' exeunte quarto ineunte quinto saeculo) fuit senator Romanus qui ter [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] curavit. Homo litteratus quoque fuit qui [[Titus Livius|Titum Livium]] recensuit (eius nomen in subscriptione librorum sexti, septimi, octavi legitur). Primo in patris vestigiis [[Paganismus|paganismo]] favit sed [[Eugenius (imperator)|Eugenio]] usurpatore, cui praefectus urbi fuit, victo necatoque, ne poenas defectionis [[Theodosius I|Theodosio]] daret aut [[cursus honorum]] omnino frangeretur ad [[christianismus|christianismum]] sese convertisse videtur<ref>Quod ex testimonio [[Augustinus Hipponensis|Augustini]] ducitur, ''[[De civitate Dei|De Civitate Dei]]'' V.26.</ref>. == De familia == Filius paganorum partium ducis [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virii Nicomachi Flaviani]] erat qui sese post cladem ad [[Frigidus (flumen)|Frigidum Flumen]] occidit ([[394]]). Filiam scriptoris [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]], Gallam, uxorem duxit et multas epistulas a socero accepit<ref>''Epistulae'' VI.1-81.</ref> == De cursu honorum == Nicomachus iunior fuit consularis [[Campania (Italia)|Campaniae]] anno incerto ac deinde [[Fasti proconsulum Asiae|proconsul Asiae]] (382/3) e qua dignitate tamen pulsus est postquam [[centurio|centurionem]] verberavit. Theodosii iram metuens statim Romam rediit<ref>[[Libanius]], ''Oratio'' 28.5. Ad hunc eventum alludere videtur Symmachus lib.III ep.69.</ref>. Post intervallum honoribus carens ab usurpatore Eugenio praefectus Urbi anno [[392]] creatus est; eodem tempore pater praefectus Italiae erat et anno [[394]] [[Consul ordinarius|consul ordinarius]]. Qui tamen post Eugenium victum mortem sibi conscivit in consulatu. Nicomachus iunior [[salarium]] patri ob praefecturam datum rependere debuit, alio supplicio adfectus non visus fortasse quia conversionem ad Christianismum non aspernatus est. Post novum intervallum [[Flavius Stilicho|Stilichonis]] gratia<ref>Symmachus, ''Ep'' IV.4.</ref> praefectus Urbi iterum annis 399/400 [[Honorius (imperator)|Honorio imperante]] factus est atque etiam tertium anno 408 et postremo iam senex annis [[431]]/2 praefectus praetorio Italiae, Illyrici et Africae.<ref>{{CIL|6|1783}}. A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/344/mode/2up 345-347]</ref>. Inter magistratus plerumque [[Henna|Hennae]] in Sicilia in praedio suo morabatur. Ut eius maiores patrocinium [[Neapolis|Naepolitanorum]] civitatis curabat. == Notae == <references/> == Fontes == *{{CIL|6|1783}} Dessau 8985 {{AE|1934|147}} *Symmachus, ''Epistulae'' VI.1-81 ad Nicomachum missae, sed etiam II.17 19 22 24, III.69.2 89, IV.19 47 51, VI.12, VII.104 et imprimis IV.4. == Plura legere si cupis == *Alan Cameron, ''The Last Pagans of Rome''. Oxford University Press, 2011 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=AIQ8DwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] [https://www.academia.edu/117724893/The_Last_Pagans_of_Rome_By_Alan_Cameron Recensio critica] [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2011/2011.12.35 Altera recensio critica] * Robert Malcolm Errington, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436261 The Praetorian Prefectures of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]", ''Historia'' vol. 41 (1992) pp. 439–461. * Michel Festy, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/crai_0065-0536_2004_num_148_2_22744 Les Nicomaques, auteurs de l'Histoire auguste. La jalousie des méchants]",''Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres'', 2004: 757-767 == Nexus externi == *[https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/RE:Flavianus_15 Flavianus 15] in [[Paulys Real-Enzyklopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft]] [[Categoria:Praefecti urbi Romae antiqui]] [[Categoria:Proconsules Asiae]] [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]] [[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 4]] gf3ro45cwf9eg2rivvuw2s1vr7svgp2 828 325924 3971893 3971040 2026-07-13T22:18:31Z Grufo 64423 Paginam redintegravi 3971893 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Amplification-1294300.svg|thumb|The most important changes in [[Module:Params]] are recorded here.]] This is the [[:en:ChangeLog|ChangeLog]] page of [[Module:Params]]. All major events in the evolution of the module are recorded here in reverse chronological order. To test the module's capabilities, please visit [[Module:Params/periclitationes|the dedicated testcases page]]. == 13th July 2026 == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20260713213116}} ([[Special:Diff/3971038/3971889|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3971889|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * (BREAKING CHANGE) The †&nbsp;<code>unique_coins</code> function has been removed (commented out); the same behavior can be obtained by writing <code>...&#124;[[Module:Params#renaming_by_mixing|renaming_by_mixing]]&#124;$@&#124;[[Module:Params#magic_for_each_value|magic_for_each_value]]&#124;[[:mw:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions#.23switch|#switch]]&#124;...</code> * (BREAKING CHANGE) The default behavior of the <code>[[Module:Params#scoring|scoring]]</code> modifier has changed from <code>in_substack</code> to <code>here</code> * Four new modifiers have been added: <code>[[Module:Params#recalling|recalling]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#keeping_at_most|keeping_at_most]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#reassigning|reassigning]]</code>, and <code>[[Module:Params#setting_by_flushing|setting_by_flushing]]</code> * The <code>use</code> argument is now available to modifiers that call templates, modules, and parser functions * The <code>[[Module:Params#snapshotting|snapshotting]]</code> and <code>[[Module:Params#remembering|remembering]]</code> modifiers now support an optional numeric argument indicating the maximum number of parameters to copy * The <code>[[Module:Params#combining|combining]]</code> and <code>[[Module:Params#combining_values|combining_values]]</code> modifiers now support an optional second argument, whose value can be either <code>with_flushed_glue</code> or <code>without_flushed_glue</code> == 9th July 2026 == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20260709025357}} ([[Special:Diff/3967695/3971038|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3971038|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * The <code>[[Module:Params#scoring|scoring]]</code> modifier now saves the result in a new substack by default, unless the <code>here</code> argument is provided, which restores the previous behavior * Code review == 17th June 2026 == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20260617223814}} ([[Special:Diff/3967693/3967695|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967695|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * Minor bugfix in <code>[[Module:Params#mixing_names_and_values|mixing_names_and_values]]</code> * Code review == 15th June 2026 == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20260615085550}} ([[Special:Diff/3967688/3967693|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967693|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * (BREAKING CHANGE) The †&nbsp;<code>coins</code> function has been removed (commented out), because {{mwl|#switch}} already covers all the cases * Checks have been introduced to avoid possible repetitions of <code>[[Module:Params#sequential|sequential]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#non-sequential|non-sequential]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#all_sorted|all_sorted]]</code>, and <code>[[Module:Params#reassorted|reassorted]]</code> * One new modifier has been added to the module: <code>[[Module:Params#scoring|scoring]]</code> * Code review == 22nd April 2026 == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20260422144528}} ([[Special:Diff/3967686/3967688|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967688|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * One new modifier has been added to the module: <code>[[Module:Params#evaluating|evaluating]]</code> == 19th March 2026 == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20260319011643}} ([[Special:Diff/3967684/3967686|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967686|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * Four new modifiers have been added to the module: <code>[[Module:Params#combining_by_invoking|combining_by_invoking]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#combining_by_magic|combining_by_magic]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#shifting|shifting]]</code>, and <code>[[Module:Params#splicing|splicing]]</code> (the latter is the development of a modifier that was already present in the code but commented out, formerly called †&nbsp;<code>inserting</code>) * Functions that require integer arguments can now rely on integer check * Code review == 23rd February 2026 == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20260223012424}} ([[Special:Diff/3967683/3967684|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967684|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * Three new modifiers have been added to the module: <code>[[Module:Params#renaming_to_sequence|renaming_to_sequence]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#combining|combining]]</code>, and <code>[[Module:Params#combining_values|combining_values]]</code> * Repeated code fragments have been moved into functions * General code review == 16th January 2026 == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20260116035352}} ([[Special:Diff/3967681/3967683|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967683|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * Support for the <code>alphabetically</code> flag has been added to the <code>[[Module:Params#sorting_sequential_values|sorting_sequential_values]]</code> modifier * Code review (removed unused variable in the internal function <code>make_groups</code>; comments) == 17th October 2025 == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20251017092949}} ([[Special:Diff/3967679/3967681|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967681|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * (BREAKING CHANGE) Nomenclature standardization: The modifiers †&nbsp;<code>converting_values_to_lowercase</code>, †&nbsp;<code>converting_values_to_uppercase</code>, †&nbsp;<code>converting_names_to_lowercase</code>, and †&nbsp;<code>converting_names_to_uppercase</code> have been renamed to <code>[[Module:Params#mapping_to_lowercase|mapping_to_lowercase]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#mapping_to_uppercase|mapping_to_uppercase]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#renaming_to_lowercase|renaming_to_lowercase]]</code>, and <code>[[Module:Params#renaming_to_uppercase|renaming_to_uppercase]]</code> * A bug affecting the empty-name parameter in <code>[[Module:Params#value_of|value_of]]</code> has been fixed == 30th September 2025 == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20250930001434}} ([[Special:Diff/3967678/3967679|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967679|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * The new function <code>[[Module:Params#list_maybe_with_names|list_maybe_with_names]]</code> has been added to the module * Support for the new <code>s</code> slot – created with the [[:en:serial comma|Oxford comma]] in mind – has been added to the <code>[[Module:Params#setting|setting]]</code> modifier * Code review == 15th September 2025 == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20250915004803}} ([[Special:Diff/3967677/3967678|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967678|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * The <code>[[Module:Params#dropping_substack|dropping_substack]]</code> modifier has been added to the module * Made sure to follow the same criteria that wikitext follows when determining whether a parameter name is numeric or not – for instance, previously {{nm|params}} considered {{para|0012}} to be a numeric parameter identical to {{para|12}}; wikitext however distinguishes the two * A few minor bugs have been fixed == 23rd July 2025 == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20250723160846}} ([[Special:Diff/3967671/3967677|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967677|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * A bug that affected the ''plain flag'' in <code>[[Module:Params#mapping_by_replacing|mapping_by_replacing]]</code> and <code>[[Module:Params#load_replace_args|load_replace_args]]</code> has been fixed * The <code>newtab</code> variable in the internal function <code>copy_or_ref_table()</code>, mistakenly declared as global, has been redeclared as local * A minor bug that affected the module name displayed in <code>[[Module:Params#concat_and_invoke|concat_and_invoke]]</code> has been fixed * A minor bug that affected the error strings generated by <code>[[Module:Params#with_name_matching|with_name_matching]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#with_name_not_matching|with_name_not_matching]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#with_value_matching|with_value_matching]]</code>, and <code>[[Module:Params#with_value_not_matching|with_value_not_matching]]</code> has been fixed * The code is now in <code>[[:mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#strict|strict]]</code> mode == 29th June 2025 == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20250629004359}} ([[Special:Diff/3967669/3967671|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967671|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * (BREAKING CHANGE) The †&nbsp;<code>rotating</code> modifier has been renamed to <code>[[Module:Params#reversing_numeric_names|reversing_numeric_names]]</code> * Three new modifiers have been added to the module: <code>[[Module:Params#mapping_by_mixing|mapping_by_mixing]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#renaming_by_mixing|renaming_by_mixing]]</code>, and <code>[[Module:Params#mixing_names_and_values|mixing_names_and_values]]</code> * A poor design choice in <code>[[Module:Params#for_each|for_each]]</code> has been fixed<!-- ({{#time:c|20250627024739}} – [[Special:Diff/3967669/3967670|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967670|permanent link]]) --> == 13th June 2025 == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20250613041555}} ([[Special:Diff/3967667/3967669|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967669|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * A small bug affecting <code>...|[[Module:Params#renaming_by_replacing|renaming_by_replacing]]|...|strict|...</code> has been fixed == 4th June 2025 == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20250604024712}} ([[Special:Diff/3967665/3967667|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967667|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * Four new modifiers have been added to the module: [[#17th October 2025|†]]&nbsp;<code>converting_values_to_lowercase</code>, [[#17th October 2025|†]]&nbsp;<code>converting_values_to_uppercase</code>, [[#17th October 2025|†]]&nbsp;<code>converting_names_to_lowercase</code>, and [[#17th October 2025|†]]&nbsp;<code>converting_names_to_uppercase</code> == 22nd April 2025 == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20250422023723}} ([[Special:Diff/3967664/3967665|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967665|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * (MINOR BREAKING CHANGES) The directives †&nbsp;<code>with_pattern_isep</code>, †&nbsp;<code>with_plain_isep</code>, †&nbsp;<code>with_pattern_psep</code> and †&nbsp;<code>with_plain_psep</code> used by <code>[[Module:Params#parsing|parsing]]</code> and <code>[[Module:Params#reinterpreting|reinterpreting]]</code> have been renamed respectively to <code>splitter_pattern</code>, <code>splitter_string</code>, <code>setter_pattern</code>, and <code>setter_string</code> * Code review == 17th April 2025 == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20250417021247}} ([[Special:Diff/3967663/3967664|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967664|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * The <code>[[Module:Params#excluding_non-numeric_names|excluding_non-numeric_names]]</code> and <code>[[Module:Params#excluding_numeric_names|excluding_numeric_names]]</code> modifiers have been added to the module * Code review == 14th April 2025 == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20250414182241}} ([[Special:Diff/3967662/3967663|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967663|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * The [[#15th June 2026|†]]&nbsp;<code>coins</code> and [[#13th July 2026|†]]&nbsp;<code>unique_coins</code> functions have been added to the module * The following modifiers have been added to the module: <code>[[Module:Params#new|new]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#parsing|parsing]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#reinterpreting|reinterpreting]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#combining_by_calling|combining_by_calling]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#snapshotting|snapshotting]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#remembering|remembering]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#entering_substack|entering_substack]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#pulling|pulling]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#detaching_substack|detaching_substack]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#leaving_substack|leaving_substack]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#merging_substack|merging_substack]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#flushing|flushing]]</code> * Bug fix: Force string conversions in <code>[[Module:Params#mapping_by_invoking|mapping_by_invoking]]</code> and <code>[[Module:Params#renaming_by_invoking|renaming_by_invoking]]</code> (see {{Nexus ad caput|:en:Module talk:String|Protected edit request on 18 October 2024}}) * Code review == 1st October 2024 == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20241001185619}} ([[Special:Diff/3967657/3967662|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967662|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * The <code>[[Module:Params#providing|providing]]</code> and <code>[[Module:Params#grouping_by_calling|grouping_by_calling]]</code> modifiers have been added to the module * Code review == 25th September 2024 == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20240925004458}} ([[Special:Diff/3967653/3967657|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967657|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * The <code>[[Module:Params#reassorted|reassorted]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#mapping_by_replacing|mapping_by_replacing]]</code> and <code>[[Module:Params#renaming_by_replacing|renaming_by_replacing]]</code> modifiers have been added to the module * Support for the <code>pattern</code> flag has been added to the <code>with_*_matching</code> class of modifiers * Code review (<code>[[Module:Params#filling_the_gaps|filling_the_gaps]]</code>: made sure that the maximum number of available parameters is never exceeded) == 3rd June 2024 == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20240603142021}} ([[Special:Diff/3967647/3967653|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967653|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * (BREAKING CHANGES) The †&nbsp;<code>mapping_blindly_by_calling</code>, †&nbsp;<code>mapping_blindly_by_invoking</code>, †&nbsp;<code>renaming_blindly_by_calling</code> and †&nbsp;<code>renaming_blindly_by_invoking</code> modifiers have been removed; the same functionalities have now been moved to <code>[[Module:Params#mapping_by_calling|mapping_by_calling]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#mapping_by_invoking|mapping_by_invoking]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#renaming_by_calling|renaming_by_calling]]</code>, and <code>[[Module:Params#renaming_by_invoking|renaming_by_invoking]]</code> (this breaks compatibility with the former syntax); these modifiers now support a call style flag – please see the documentation for more information * The <code>[[Module:Params#renaming_by_calling|renaming_by_calling]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#renaming_by_invoking|renaming_by_invoking]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#mapping_by_magic|mapping_by_magic]]</code>, and <code>[[Module:Params#mapping_by_magic|mapping_by_magic]]</code> modifiers have been added to the module * Code review == 31st May 2024 == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20240531130534}} ([[Special:Diff/3967642/3967647|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967647|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * The <code>[[Module:Params#imposing|imposing]]</code> and <code>[[Module:Params#discarding|discarding]]</code> modifiers have been added to the module * Support for the <code>let</code> keyword (for passing non-sequential parameters) has been introduced in the <code>mapping_*</code> and <code>renaming_*</code> class of modifiers * Code review: ** The public interface has been moved to a metatable in order to avoid the duplication of functions ** A different strategy has been adopted in order to avoid nesting infinite calls ** The presentation of the code has had minor adjustments == 29th May 2024 == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20240529183136}} ([[Special:Diff/3967635/3967642|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967642|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * A different policy has been adopted for zero and negative parameter names directly passed to <code>[[Module:Params#call_for_each_group|call_for_each_group]]</code> (i.e. numerical argument names below <code>1</code> will be decreased by one unit, exactly like it happens for captured numerical prefixes) * In case of collisions during [[#3rd June 2024|†]]&nbsp;<code>[[Module:Params#renaming_by_calling|renaming_blindly_by_calling]]</code> and [[#3rd June 2024|†]]&nbsp;<code>[[Module:Params#renaming_by_invoking|renaming_blindly_by_invoking]]</code>, renamed parameters will now prevail over unchanged parameters * Code review == 27th May 2024 == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20240527234418}} ([[Special:Diff/3967628/3967635|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967635|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * The <code>[[Module:Params#call_for_each_group|call_for_each_group]]</code> function and the <code>[[Module:Params#filling_the_gaps|filling_the_gaps]]</code> modifier have been added to the module * Code review == 18th May 2024 == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20240518130625}} ([[Special:Diff/3967624/3967628|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967628|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * Three new modifiers – <code>[[Module:Params#clearing|clearing]]</code>, [[#29th June 2025|†]]&nbsp;<code>[[Module:Params#reversing_numeric_names|rotating]]</code> and <code>[[Module:Params#sorting_sequential_values|sorting_sequential_values]]</code> – have been added to the module * The †&nbsp;<code>mirroring</code> and †&nbsp;<code>reversing</code> modifiers have been indefinitely removed (in the code they have been respectively renamed to <code>pivoting</code> and <code>mirroring</code> and commented out) == 17th May 2024 == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20240517090349}} ([[Special:Diff/3967620/3967624|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967624|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * Support for the <code>strict</code> flag has been added to the <code>with_*_matching</code> class of modifiers == 12th May 2024 == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20240512192630}} ([[Special:Diff/3967610/3967620|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967620|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * (BREAKING CHANGES) Modifiers †&nbsp;<code>mapping_values_by_calling</code>, †&nbsp;<code>mapping_values_by_invoking</code>, †&nbsp;<code>mapping_values_blindly_by_calling</code> and †&nbsp;<code>mapping_values_blindly_by_invoking</code> have been renamed to <code>[[Module:Params#mapping_by_calling|mapping_by_calling]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#mapping_by_invoking|mapping_by_invoking]]</code>, [[#3rd June 2024|†]]&nbsp;<code>[[Module:Params#mapping_by_calling|mapping_blindly_by_calling]]</code>, and [[#3rd June 2024|†]]&nbsp;<code>[[Module:Params#mapping_by_invoking|mapping_blindly_by_invoking]]</code> * Seven new modifiers – <code>[[Module:Params#cropping|cropping]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#purging|purging]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#backpurging|backpurging]]</code>, [[#18th May 2024|†]]&nbsp;<code>reversing</code>, [[#18th May 2024|†]]&nbsp;<code>mirroring</code>, [[#3rd June 2024|†]]&nbsp;<code>[[Module:Params#renaming_by_calling|renaming_blindly_by_calling]]</code> and [[#3rd June 2024|†]]&nbsp;<code>[[Module:Params#renaming_by_invoking|renaming_blindly_by_invoking]]</code> – have been added to the module * The <code>[[Module:Params#all_sorted|all_sorted]]</code> modifier has now switched to [[:en:natural sort order|natural sort order]] * Code review == 30th January 2024 == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20240130110151}} ([[Special:Diff/3967609/3967610|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967610|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * The <code>[[Module:Params#setting|setting]]</code> modifier now supports the <code>l</code> runtime variable for assigning a last iteration delimiter == 15th January 2024‎ == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20240115175402}} ([[Special:Diff/3967607/3967609|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967609|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * Four new modifiers – [[#12th May 2024|†]]&nbsp;<code>[[Module:Params#mapping_by_calling|mapping_values_by_calling]]</code>, [[#12th May 2024|†]]&nbsp;<code>[[Module:Params#mapping_by_invoking|mapping_values_by_invoking]]</code>, [[#12th May 2024|†]]&nbsp;<code>[[Module:Params#mapping_by_calling|mapping_values_blindly_by_calling]]</code>, and [[#12th May 2024|†]]&nbsp;<code>[[Module:Params#mapping_by_invoking|mapping_values_blindly_by_invoking]]</code> – have been added to the module * One new function – <code>[[Module:Params#concat_and_magic|concat_and_magic]]</code> – has been added to the module * Minor code review == 27th September 2023‎ == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20230927102914}} ([[Special:Diff/3967605/3967607|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967607|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * The <code>[[Module:Params#self|self]]</code> function has been added to the module == 20th July 2023‎ == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20230720013944}} ([[Special:Diff/3967596/3967605|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967605|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * The logic of modifiers <code>[[Module:Params#with_name_matching|with_name_matching]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#with_name_not_matching|with_name_not_matching]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#with_value_matching|with_value_matching]]</code> and <code>[[Module:Params#with_value_not_matching|with_value_not_matching]]</code> has been extended * General code review == 15th July 2023‎ == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20230715053835}} ([[Special:Diff/3967595/3967596|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967596|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * One new modifier has been added to the module: <code>[[Module:Params#all_sorted|all_sorted]]</code> * General code review == 14th July 2023‎ == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20230714093347}} ([[Special:Diff/3967594/3967595|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967595|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * Two new modifiers – <code>[[Module:Params#squeezing|squeezing]]</code> and <code>[[Module:Params#trimming_values|trimming_values]]</code> – have been added to the module * General code review == 12th July 2023‎ == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20230712071906}} ([[Special:Diff/3967588/3967594|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967594|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * The <code>[[Module:Params#magic_for_each|magic_for_each]]</code> and <code>[[Module:Params#magic_for_each_value|magic_for_each_value]]</code> functions have been added to the module * The <code>[[Module:Params#setting|setting]]</code> modifier has been added to the module * Structural changes in all iterating functions * (BREAKING CHANGES) The † <code>trimmed</code> modifier has been renamed to <code>[[Module:Params#cutting|cutting]]</code> in order to keep the <code>trimmed</code> keyword reserved for referring to leading and trailing spaces that surround values * Breaking change in the <code>[[Module:Params#list|list]]</code> function: <code>&#123;&#123;&#123;1&#125;&#125;&#125;</code> and <code>&#123;&#123;&#123;2&#125;&#125;&#125;</code> have been swapped * General code review == 10th July 2023‎ == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20230710181050}} ([[Special:Diff/3967571/3967588|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967588|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * The <code>[[Module:Params#value_of|value_of]]</code> function has been added to the module * Code review == 9th July 2023‎ == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20230709202922}} ([[Special:PermanentLink/3967571|permanent link]])</div> The first draft of [[Module:Params]] is out. kuebky1if2yxzugoltzcfntks8szq63 3971909 3971893 2026-07-14T00:43:01Z Grufo 64423 Paginam redintegravi 3971909 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Amplification-1294300.svg|thumb|The most important changes in [[Module:Params]] are recorded here.]] This is the [[:en:ChangeLog|ChangeLog]] page of [[Module:Params]]. All major events in the evolution of the module are recorded here in reverse chronological order. To test the module's capabilities, please visit [[Module:Params/periclitationes|the dedicated testcases page]]. == 14th July 2026 == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20260714002328}} ([[Special:Diff/3971038/3971903|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3971903|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * (BREAKING CHANGE) The †&nbsp;<code>unique_coins</code> function has been removed (commented out); the same behavior can be obtained by writing <code>...&#124;[[Module:Params#renaming_by_mixing|renaming_by_mixing]]&#124;$@&#124;[[Module:Params#magic_for_each_value|magic_for_each_value]]&#124;[[:mw:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions#.23switch|#switch]]&#124;...</code> * (BREAKING CHANGE) The <code>[[Module:Params#filling_the_gaps|filling_the_gaps]]</code> modifier now requires one mandatory argument * (BREAKING CHANGE) The default behavior of the <code>[[Module:Params#scoring|scoring]]</code> modifier has changed from <code>in_substack</code> to <code>here</code> * Four new modifiers have been added: <code>[[Module:Params#recalling|recalling]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#keeping_at_most|keeping_at_most]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#reassigning|reassigning]]</code>, and <code>[[Module:Params#setting_by_flushing|setting_by_flushing]]</code> * The <code>use</code> argument is now available to modifiers that call templates, modules, and parser functions * The <code>[[Module:Params#snapshotting|snapshotting]]</code> and <code>[[Module:Params#remembering|remembering]]</code> modifiers now support an optional numeric argument indicating the maximum number of parameters to copy * The <code>[[Module:Params#combining|combining]]</code> and <code>[[Module:Params#combining_values|combining_values]]</code> modifiers now support an optional second argument, whose value can be either <code>with_flushed_glue</code> or <code>without_flushed_glue</code> == 9th July 2026 == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20260709025357}} ([[Special:Diff/3967695/3971038|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3971038|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * The <code>[[Module:Params#scoring|scoring]]</code> modifier now saves the result in a new substack by default, unless the <code>here</code> argument is provided, which restores the previous behavior * Code review == 17th June 2026 == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20260617223814}} ([[Special:Diff/3967693/3967695|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967695|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * Minor bugfix in <code>[[Module:Params#mixing_names_and_values|mixing_names_and_values]]</code> * Code review == 15th June 2026 == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20260615085550}} ([[Special:Diff/3967688/3967693|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967693|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * (BREAKING CHANGE) The †&nbsp;<code>coins</code> function has been removed (commented out), because {{mwl|#switch}} already covers all the cases * Checks have been introduced to avoid possible repetitions of <code>[[Module:Params#sequential|sequential]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#non-sequential|non-sequential]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#all_sorted|all_sorted]]</code>, and <code>[[Module:Params#reassorted|reassorted]]</code> * One new modifier has been added to the module: <code>[[Module:Params#scoring|scoring]]</code> * Code review == 22nd April 2026 == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20260422144528}} ([[Special:Diff/3967686/3967688|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967688|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * One new modifier has been added to the module: <code>[[Module:Params#evaluating|evaluating]]</code> == 19th March 2026 == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20260319011643}} ([[Special:Diff/3967684/3967686|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967686|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * Four new modifiers have been added to the module: <code>[[Module:Params#combining_by_invoking|combining_by_invoking]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#combining_by_magic|combining_by_magic]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#shifting|shifting]]</code>, and <code>[[Module:Params#splicing|splicing]]</code> (the latter is the development of a modifier that was already present in the code but commented out, formerly called †&nbsp;<code>inserting</code>) * Functions that require integer arguments can now rely on integer check * Code review == 23rd February 2026 == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20260223012424}} ([[Special:Diff/3967683/3967684|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967684|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * Three new modifiers have been added to the module: <code>[[Module:Params#renaming_to_sequence|renaming_to_sequence]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#combining|combining]]</code>, and <code>[[Module:Params#combining_values|combining_values]]</code> * Repeated code fragments have been moved into functions * General code review == 16th January 2026 == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20260116035352}} ([[Special:Diff/3967681/3967683|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967683|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * Support for the <code>alphabetically</code> flag has been added to the <code>[[Module:Params#sorting_sequential_values|sorting_sequential_values]]</code> modifier * Code review (removed unused variable in the internal function <code>make_groups</code>; comments) == 17th October 2025 == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20251017092949}} ([[Special:Diff/3967679/3967681|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967681|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * (BREAKING CHANGE) Nomenclature standardization: The modifiers †&nbsp;<code>converting_values_to_lowercase</code>, †&nbsp;<code>converting_values_to_uppercase</code>, †&nbsp;<code>converting_names_to_lowercase</code>, and †&nbsp;<code>converting_names_to_uppercase</code> have been renamed to <code>[[Module:Params#mapping_to_lowercase|mapping_to_lowercase]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#mapping_to_uppercase|mapping_to_uppercase]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#renaming_to_lowercase|renaming_to_lowercase]]</code>, and <code>[[Module:Params#renaming_to_uppercase|renaming_to_uppercase]]</code> * A bug affecting the empty-name parameter in <code>[[Module:Params#value_of|value_of]]</code> has been fixed == 30th September 2025 == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20250930001434}} ([[Special:Diff/3967678/3967679|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967679|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * The new function <code>[[Module:Params#list_maybe_with_names|list_maybe_with_names]]</code> has been added to the module * Support for the new <code>s</code> slot – created with the [[:en:serial comma|Oxford comma]] in mind – has been added to the <code>[[Module:Params#setting|setting]]</code> modifier * Code review == 15th September 2025 == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20250915004803}} ([[Special:Diff/3967677/3967678|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967678|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * The <code>[[Module:Params#dropping_substack|dropping_substack]]</code> modifier has been added to the module * Made sure to follow the same criteria that wikitext follows when determining whether a parameter name is numeric or not – for instance, previously {{nm|params}} considered {{para|0012}} to be a numeric parameter identical to {{para|12}}; wikitext however distinguishes the two * A few minor bugs have been fixed == 23rd July 2025 == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20250723160846}} ([[Special:Diff/3967671/3967677|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967677|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * A bug that affected the ''plain flag'' in <code>[[Module:Params#mapping_by_replacing|mapping_by_replacing]]</code> and <code>[[Module:Params#load_replace_args|load_replace_args]]</code> has been fixed * The <code>newtab</code> variable in the internal function <code>copy_or_ref_table()</code>, mistakenly declared as global, has been redeclared as local * A minor bug that affected the module name displayed in <code>[[Module:Params#concat_and_invoke|concat_and_invoke]]</code> has been fixed * A minor bug that affected the error strings generated by <code>[[Module:Params#with_name_matching|with_name_matching]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#with_name_not_matching|with_name_not_matching]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#with_value_matching|with_value_matching]]</code>, and <code>[[Module:Params#with_value_not_matching|with_value_not_matching]]</code> has been fixed * The code is now in <code>[[:mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#strict|strict]]</code> mode == 29th June 2025 == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20250629004359}} ([[Special:Diff/3967669/3967671|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967671|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * (BREAKING CHANGE) The †&nbsp;<code>rotating</code> modifier has been renamed to <code>[[Module:Params#reversing_numeric_names|reversing_numeric_names]]</code> * Three new modifiers have been added to the module: <code>[[Module:Params#mapping_by_mixing|mapping_by_mixing]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#renaming_by_mixing|renaming_by_mixing]]</code>, and <code>[[Module:Params#mixing_names_and_values|mixing_names_and_values]]</code> * A poor design choice in <code>[[Module:Params#for_each|for_each]]</code> has been fixed<!-- ({{#time:c|20250627024739}} – [[Special:Diff/3967669/3967670|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967670|permanent link]]) --> == 13th June 2025 == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20250613041555}} ([[Special:Diff/3967667/3967669|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967669|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * A small bug affecting <code>...|[[Module:Params#renaming_by_replacing|renaming_by_replacing]]|...|strict|...</code> has been fixed == 4th June 2025 == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20250604024712}} ([[Special:Diff/3967665/3967667|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967667|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * Four new modifiers have been added to the module: [[#17th October 2025|†]]&nbsp;<code>converting_values_to_lowercase</code>, [[#17th October 2025|†]]&nbsp;<code>converting_values_to_uppercase</code>, [[#17th October 2025|†]]&nbsp;<code>converting_names_to_lowercase</code>, and [[#17th October 2025|†]]&nbsp;<code>converting_names_to_uppercase</code> == 22nd April 2025 == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20250422023723}} ([[Special:Diff/3967664/3967665|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967665|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * (MINOR BREAKING CHANGES) The directives †&nbsp;<code>with_pattern_isep</code>, †&nbsp;<code>with_plain_isep</code>, †&nbsp;<code>with_pattern_psep</code> and †&nbsp;<code>with_plain_psep</code> used by <code>[[Module:Params#parsing|parsing]]</code> and <code>[[Module:Params#reinterpreting|reinterpreting]]</code> have been renamed respectively to <code>splitter_pattern</code>, <code>splitter_string</code>, <code>setter_pattern</code>, and <code>setter_string</code> * Code review == 17th April 2025 == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20250417021247}} ([[Special:Diff/3967663/3967664|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967664|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * The <code>[[Module:Params#excluding_non-numeric_names|excluding_non-numeric_names]]</code> and <code>[[Module:Params#excluding_numeric_names|excluding_numeric_names]]</code> modifiers have been added to the module * Code review == 14th April 2025 == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20250414182241}} ([[Special:Diff/3967662/3967663|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967663|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * The [[#15th June 2026|†]]&nbsp;<code>coins</code> and [[#14th July 2026|†]]&nbsp;<code>unique_coins</code> functions have been added to the module * The following modifiers have been added to the module: <code>[[Module:Params#new|new]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#parsing|parsing]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#reinterpreting|reinterpreting]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#combining_by_calling|combining_by_calling]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#snapshotting|snapshotting]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#remembering|remembering]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#entering_substack|entering_substack]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#pulling|pulling]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#detaching_substack|detaching_substack]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#leaving_substack|leaving_substack]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#merging_substack|merging_substack]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#flushing|flushing]]</code> * Bug fix: Force string conversions in <code>[[Module:Params#mapping_by_invoking|mapping_by_invoking]]</code> and <code>[[Module:Params#renaming_by_invoking|renaming_by_invoking]]</code> (see {{Nexus ad caput|:en:Module talk:String|Protected edit request on 18 October 2024}}) * Code review == 1st October 2024 == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20241001185619}} ([[Special:Diff/3967657/3967662|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967662|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * The <code>[[Module:Params#providing|providing]]</code> and <code>[[Module:Params#grouping_by_calling|grouping_by_calling]]</code> modifiers have been added to the module * Code review == 25th September 2024 == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20240925004458}} ([[Special:Diff/3967653/3967657|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967657|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * The <code>[[Module:Params#reassorted|reassorted]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#mapping_by_replacing|mapping_by_replacing]]</code> and <code>[[Module:Params#renaming_by_replacing|renaming_by_replacing]]</code> modifiers have been added to the module * Support for the <code>pattern</code> flag has been added to the <code>with_*_matching</code> class of modifiers * Code review (<code>[[Module:Params#filling_the_gaps|filling_the_gaps]]</code>: made sure that the maximum number of available parameters is never exceeded) == 3rd June 2024 == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20240603142021}} ([[Special:Diff/3967647/3967653|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967653|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * (BREAKING CHANGES) The †&nbsp;<code>mapping_blindly_by_calling</code>, †&nbsp;<code>mapping_blindly_by_invoking</code>, †&nbsp;<code>renaming_blindly_by_calling</code> and †&nbsp;<code>renaming_blindly_by_invoking</code> modifiers have been removed; the same functionalities have now been moved to <code>[[Module:Params#mapping_by_calling|mapping_by_calling]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#mapping_by_invoking|mapping_by_invoking]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#renaming_by_calling|renaming_by_calling]]</code>, and <code>[[Module:Params#renaming_by_invoking|renaming_by_invoking]]</code> (this breaks compatibility with the former syntax); these modifiers now support a call style flag – please see the documentation for more information * The <code>[[Module:Params#renaming_by_calling|renaming_by_calling]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#renaming_by_invoking|renaming_by_invoking]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#mapping_by_magic|mapping_by_magic]]</code>, and <code>[[Module:Params#mapping_by_magic|mapping_by_magic]]</code> modifiers have been added to the module * Code review == 31st May 2024 == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20240531130534}} ([[Special:Diff/3967642/3967647|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967647|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * The <code>[[Module:Params#imposing|imposing]]</code> and <code>[[Module:Params#discarding|discarding]]</code> modifiers have been added to the module * Support for the <code>let</code> keyword (for passing non-sequential parameters) has been introduced in the <code>mapping_*</code> and <code>renaming_*</code> class of modifiers * Code review: ** The public interface has been moved to a metatable in order to avoid the duplication of functions ** A different strategy has been adopted in order to avoid nesting infinite calls ** The presentation of the code has had minor adjustments == 29th May 2024 == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20240529183136}} ([[Special:Diff/3967635/3967642|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967642|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * A different policy has been adopted for zero and negative parameter names directly passed to <code>[[Module:Params#call_for_each_group|call_for_each_group]]</code> (i.e. numerical argument names below <code>1</code> will be decreased by one unit, exactly like it happens for captured numerical prefixes) * In case of collisions during [[#3rd June 2024|†]]&nbsp;<code>[[Module:Params#renaming_by_calling|renaming_blindly_by_calling]]</code> and [[#3rd June 2024|†]]&nbsp;<code>[[Module:Params#renaming_by_invoking|renaming_blindly_by_invoking]]</code>, renamed parameters will now prevail over unchanged parameters * Code review == 27th May 2024 == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20240527234418}} ([[Special:Diff/3967628/3967635|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967635|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * The <code>[[Module:Params#call_for_each_group|call_for_each_group]]</code> function and the <code>[[Module:Params#filling_the_gaps|filling_the_gaps]]</code> modifier have been added to the module * Code review == 18th May 2024 == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20240518130625}} ([[Special:Diff/3967624/3967628|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967628|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * Three new modifiers – <code>[[Module:Params#clearing|clearing]]</code>, [[#29th June 2025|†]]&nbsp;<code>[[Module:Params#reversing_numeric_names|rotating]]</code> and <code>[[Module:Params#sorting_sequential_values|sorting_sequential_values]]</code> – have been added to the module * The †&nbsp;<code>mirroring</code> and †&nbsp;<code>reversing</code> modifiers have been indefinitely removed (in the code they have been respectively renamed to <code>pivoting</code> and <code>mirroring</code> and commented out) == 17th May 2024 == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20240517090349}} ([[Special:Diff/3967620/3967624|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967624|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * Support for the <code>strict</code> flag has been added to the <code>with_*_matching</code> class of modifiers == 12th May 2024 == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20240512192630}} ([[Special:Diff/3967610/3967620|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967620|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * (BREAKING CHANGES) Modifiers †&nbsp;<code>mapping_values_by_calling</code>, †&nbsp;<code>mapping_values_by_invoking</code>, †&nbsp;<code>mapping_values_blindly_by_calling</code> and †&nbsp;<code>mapping_values_blindly_by_invoking</code> have been renamed to <code>[[Module:Params#mapping_by_calling|mapping_by_calling]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#mapping_by_invoking|mapping_by_invoking]]</code>, [[#3rd June 2024|†]]&nbsp;<code>[[Module:Params#mapping_by_calling|mapping_blindly_by_calling]]</code>, and [[#3rd June 2024|†]]&nbsp;<code>[[Module:Params#mapping_by_invoking|mapping_blindly_by_invoking]]</code> * Seven new modifiers – <code>[[Module:Params#cropping|cropping]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#purging|purging]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#backpurging|backpurging]]</code>, [[#18th May 2024|†]]&nbsp;<code>reversing</code>, [[#18th May 2024|†]]&nbsp;<code>mirroring</code>, [[#3rd June 2024|†]]&nbsp;<code>[[Module:Params#renaming_by_calling|renaming_blindly_by_calling]]</code> and [[#3rd June 2024|†]]&nbsp;<code>[[Module:Params#renaming_by_invoking|renaming_blindly_by_invoking]]</code> – have been added to the module * The <code>[[Module:Params#all_sorted|all_sorted]]</code> modifier has now switched to [[:en:natural sort order|natural sort order]] * Code review == 30th January 2024 == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20240130110151}} ([[Special:Diff/3967609/3967610|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967610|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * The <code>[[Module:Params#setting|setting]]</code> modifier now supports the <code>l</code> runtime variable for assigning a last iteration delimiter == 15th January 2024‎ == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20240115175402}} ([[Special:Diff/3967607/3967609|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967609|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * Four new modifiers – [[#12th May 2024|†]]&nbsp;<code>[[Module:Params#mapping_by_calling|mapping_values_by_calling]]</code>, [[#12th May 2024|†]]&nbsp;<code>[[Module:Params#mapping_by_invoking|mapping_values_by_invoking]]</code>, [[#12th May 2024|†]]&nbsp;<code>[[Module:Params#mapping_by_calling|mapping_values_blindly_by_calling]]</code>, and [[#12th May 2024|†]]&nbsp;<code>[[Module:Params#mapping_by_invoking|mapping_values_blindly_by_invoking]]</code> – have been added to the module * One new function – <code>[[Module:Params#concat_and_magic|concat_and_magic]]</code> – has been added to the module * Minor code review == 27th September 2023‎ == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20230927102914}} ([[Special:Diff/3967605/3967607|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967607|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * The <code>[[Module:Params#self|self]]</code> function has been added to the module == 20th July 2023‎ == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20230720013944}} ([[Special:Diff/3967596/3967605|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967605|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * The logic of modifiers <code>[[Module:Params#with_name_matching|with_name_matching]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#with_name_not_matching|with_name_not_matching]]</code>, <code>[[Module:Params#with_value_matching|with_value_matching]]</code> and <code>[[Module:Params#with_value_not_matching|with_value_not_matching]]</code> has been extended * General code review == 15th July 2023‎ == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20230715053835}} ([[Special:Diff/3967595/3967596|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967596|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * One new modifier has been added to the module: <code>[[Module:Params#all_sorted|all_sorted]]</code> * General code review == 14th July 2023‎ == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20230714093347}} ([[Special:Diff/3967594/3967595|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967595|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * Two new modifiers – <code>[[Module:Params#squeezing|squeezing]]</code> and <code>[[Module:Params#trimming_values|trimming_values]]</code> – have been added to the module * General code review == 12th July 2023‎ == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20230712071906}} ([[Special:Diff/3967588/3967594|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967594|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * The <code>[[Module:Params#magic_for_each|magic_for_each]]</code> and <code>[[Module:Params#magic_for_each_value|magic_for_each_value]]</code> functions have been added to the module * The <code>[[Module:Params#setting|setting]]</code> modifier has been added to the module * Structural changes in all iterating functions * (BREAKING CHANGES) The † <code>trimmed</code> modifier has been renamed to <code>[[Module:Params#cutting|cutting]]</code> in order to keep the <code>trimmed</code> keyword reserved for referring to leading and trailing spaces that surround values * Breaking change in the <code>[[Module:Params#list|list]]</code> function: <code>&#123;&#123;&#123;1&#125;&#125;&#125;</code> and <code>&#123;&#123;&#123;2&#125;&#125;&#125;</code> have been swapped * General code review == 10th July 2023‎ == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20230710181050}} ([[Special:Diff/3967571/3967588|diff]], [[Special:PermanentLink/3967588|permanent link]])</div> Changes: * The <code>[[Module:Params#value_of|value_of]]</code> function has been added to the module * Code review == 9th July 2023‎ == <div style="float: right; font-size: .75em;">{{#time:c|20230709202922}} ([[Special:PermanentLink/3967571|permanent link]])</div> The first draft of [[Module:Params]] is out. 1s0zcq0rpldkm4iyx0psetjnwk3oulj 828 325925 3971889 3971586 2026-07-13T21:31:16Z Grufo 64423 Modulum redintegravi 3971889 Scribunto text/plain require[[strict]] --- --- --- PRIVATE ENVIRONMENT --- --- ________________________________ --- --- --- --[[ Abstract utilities ]]-- ---------------------------- -- Helper function for `string.gsub()` (for managing zero-padded numbers) local function zero_padded (str) return ('%03d%s'):format(#str, str) end -- Helper function for `table.sort()` (for natural sorting) local function natural_sort (var1, var2) return var1:gsub('%d+', zero_padded) < var2:gsub('%d+', zero_padded) end -- Return a copy or a reference to a table local function copy_or_ref_table (src, refonly) if refonly then return src end local newtab = {} for key, val in pairs(src) do newtab[key] = val end return newtab end -- Copy at most N items (of all kinds) from `src` to `dest` and return `dest` local function copy_table_maxn (dest, src, len) local idx = 1 for key, val in pairs(src) do dest[key], idx = val, idx + 1 if idx > len then break end end return dest end -- Remove some numeric elements from a table, shifting everything to the left local function remove_numeric_keys (tbl, idx, len) local cache, tmp = {}, idx + len - 1 for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' and key >= idx then if key > tmp then cache[key - len] = val end tbl[key] = nil end end for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end end -- Make a reduced copy of a table (shifting in both directions if necessary) local function copy_table_reduced (tbl, idx, len) local ret, tmp = {}, idx + len - 1 if idx > 0 then for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) ~= 'number' or key < idx then ret[key] = val elseif key > tmp then ret[key - len] = val end end elseif tmp > 0 then local nshift = 1 - idx for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) ~= 'number' then ret[key] = val elseif key > tmp then ret[key - tmp] = val elseif key < idx then ret[key + nshift] = val end end else for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) ~= 'number' or key > tmp then ret[key] = val elseif key < idx then ret[key + len] = val end end end return ret end -- Make an expanded copy of a table (shifting in both directions if necessary) local function copy_table_expanded (tbl, idx, len) local ret, tmp = {}, idx + len - 1 if idx > 0 then for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) ~= 'number' or key < idx then ret[key] = val else ret[key + len] = val end end elseif tmp > 0 then local nshift = idx - 1 for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) ~= 'number' then ret[key] = val elseif key > 0 then ret[key + tmp] = val elseif key < 1 then ret[key + nshift] = val end end else for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) ~= 'number' or key > tmp then ret[key] = val else ret[key - len] = val end end end return ret end -- Given a table, create two new tables containing the sorted list of keys local function get_key_list_sorted (tbl, sort_fn) local nums, words, nn, nw = {}, {}, 0, 0 for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then nn = nn + 1 nums[nn] = key else nw = nw + 1 words[nw] = key end end table.sort(nums) table.sort(words, sort_fn) return nums, words, nn, nw end -- Parse a parameter name string and return it as a string or a number local function get_parameter_name (par_str) local ret = par_str:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' if ret ~= '0' and ret:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' == nil then return ret end return tonumber(ret) end -- Move a key from a table to another, but only if under a different name and -- always parsing numeric strings as numbers local function steal_if_renamed (val, src, skey, dest, dkey) local realkey = get_parameter_name(dkey) if skey ~= realkey then dest[realkey], src[skey] = val, nil end end --[[ Public strings ]]-- ------------------------ -- Special match keywords (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names) local mkeywords = { ['or'] = 0, pattern = 1, plain = 2, strict = 3 } -- Sort functions (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names) local sortfunctions = { alphabetically = false, naturally = natural_sort } -- Callback styles for the `mapping_*` and `renaming_*` class of modifiers -- (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names) --[[ Meanings of the columns: col[1] = Loop type (0-3) col[2] = Number of module arguments that the style requires (1-3) col[3] = Minimum number of sequential parameters passed to the callback col[4] = Name of the callback parameter where to place each parameter name col[5] = Name of the callback parameter where to place each parameter value col[6] = Argument in the modifier's invocation that will override `col[4]` col[7] = Argument in the modifier's invocation that will override `col[5]` A value of `-1` indicates that no meaningful value is stored (i.e. `nil`) ]]-- local mapping_styles = { names_and_values = { 3, 2, 2, 1, 2, -1, -1 }, values_and_names = { 3, 2, 2, 2, 1, -1, -1 }, values_only = { 1, 2, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1 }, names_only = { 2, 2, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1 }, names_and_values_as = { 3, 4, 0, -1, -1, 2, 3 }, names_only_as = { 2, 3, 0, -1, -1, 2, -1 }, values_only_as = { 1, 3, 0, -1, -1, -1, 2 }, blindly = { 0, 2, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1 } } -- Memory slots (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names) local memoryslots = { h = 'header', f = 'footer', i = 'itersep', l = 'lastsep', n = 'ifngiven', p = 'pairsep', s = 'oxfordsep' } -- Possible trimming modes for the `parsing` modifier local trim_parse_opts = { trim_none = { false, false }, trim_positional = { false, true }, trim_named = { true, false }, trim_all = { true, true } } -- Possible string modes for the iteration separator in the `parsing` and -- `reinterpreting` modifiers local isep_parse_opts = { splitter_pattern = false, splitter_string = true } -- Possible string modes for the key-value separator in the `parsing` and -- `reinterpreting` modifiers local psep_parse_opts = { setter_pattern = false, setter_string = true } -- Possible position references for the `splicing` modifier local position_references = { add_nothing = 0, add_smallest_number = 1, add_last_of_sequence = 2, add_largest_number = 3 } -- Possible modes for the `reassigning` modifier local a_modes = { duplicate = 0, transfer = 1, provide = 2, spare = 3, sacrifice = 4 } -- Functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names too: `here`, `in_substack`, -- `let`, `expose`, `use`, `with_flushed_glue`, `without_flushed_glue` -- `without_sorting` --[[ Private constants ]]-- --------------------------- -- Hard-coded name of the module (to avoid going through `frame:getTitle()`) local modulename = 'Module:Params' -- The functions listed here declare that they don't need the `frame.args` -- metatable to be copied into a regular table; if they are modifiers they also -- guarantee that they will make their own (modified) copy available local refpipe = { call_for_each_group = true, --coins = true, count = true, evaluating = true, for_each = true, list = true, list_values = true, list_maybe_with_names = true, value_of = true } -- The functions listed here declare that they don't need the -- `frame:getParent().args` metatable to be copied into a regular table; if -- they are modifiers they also guarantee that they will make their own -- (modified) copy available local refparams = { call_for_each_group = true, combining = true, combining_by_calling = true, combining_values = true, concat_and_call = true, concat_and_invoke = true, concat_and_magic = true, count = true, grouping_by_calling = true, mixing_names_and_values = true, keeping_at_most = true, renaming_by_mixing = true, renaming_to_sequence = true, renaming_to_uppercase = true, renaming_to_lowercase = true, --renaming_to_values = true, shifting = true, splicing = true, --swapping_names_and_values = true, value_of = true, with_name_matching = true } -- Maximum number of numeric parameters that can be filled, if missing (we -- chose an arbitrary number for this constant; you can discuss about its -- optimal value at Module talk:Params) local maxfill = 1024 -- The private table of functions local library = {} -- Functions and modifiers that can only be invoked in first position local static_iface = {} --[[ Private functions ]]-- --------------------------- -- Create a new context local function context_new (child_frame) local main_frame = child_frame:getParent() return { frame = main_frame, opipe = child_frame.args, oparams = main_frame.args, firstposonly = static_iface, iterfunc = pairs, sorttype = 0, n_parents = 0, n_children = 0, n_available = maxfill } end -- Move to the next action within the user-given list local function context_iterate (ctx, n_forward) local nextfn if ctx.pipe[n_forward] ~= nil then nextfn = ctx.pipe[n_forward]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if nextfn == nil then error(modulename .. ': You must specify a function to call', 0) end if library[nextfn] == nil then if ctx.firstposonly[nextfn] == nil then error(modulename .. ': The function ‘' .. nextfn .. '’ does not exist', 0) else error(modulename .. ': The ‘' .. nextfn .. '’ directive can only appear in first position', 0) end end remove_numeric_keys(ctx.pipe, 1, n_forward) return library[nextfn] end -- Main loop local function main_loop (ctx, start_with) local fn = start_with repeat fn = fn(ctx) until not fn if ctx.n_parents > 0 then error(modulename .. ': One or more ‘merging_substack’ directives are missing', 0) end if ctx.n_children > 0 then error(modulename .. ', For some of the snapshots either the ‘flushing’ directive is missing or a group has not been properly closed with ‘merging_substack’', 0) end end -- Load a `setting`-like directive string into the `dest` table local function set_strings_from_opts (dest, opts, start_from) local cmd if opts[start_from] == nil then return start_from - 1 end cmd = opts[start_from]:gsub('%s+', ''):gsub('/+', '/') :match'^/*(.*[^/])' if cmd == nil then return start_from end local vname, chr local amap, sep, argc = {}, string.byte('/'), start_from + 1 for idx = 1, #cmd do chr = cmd:byte(idx) if chr == sep then for key, val in ipairs(amap) do dest[val], amap[key] = opts[argc], nil end argc = argc + 1 else vname = memoryslots[string.char(chr)] if vname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘setting’: Unknown slot ‘' .. string.char(chr) .. '’', 0) end table.insert(amap, vname) end end for key, val in ipairs(amap) do dest[val] = opts[argc] end return argc end -- Add a new stack of parameters to `ctx.children` local function new_substack (ctx) local currsnap, newparams = ctx.n_children + 1, {} if ctx.children == nil then ctx.children = { newparams } else ctx.children[currsnap] = newparams end ctx.n_children = currsnap return newparams end -- Parse a raw argument containing a `sortfunctions` directive, or -- `'without_sorting'`, or `nil` local function load_sort_opt (raw_arg) if raw_arg == nil then return nil, 1, false end local trarg = raw_arg:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' if trarg == 'without_sorting' then return nil, 2, false, trarg end local tmp = sortfunctions[trarg] if tmp == nil then return nil, 1, false, trarg end return tmp or nil, 2, true, trarg end -- Parse optional user arguments of type `...|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]| -- [number of additional parameters]|[parameter 1]|[parameter 2]|[...]` local function load_child_opts (src, start_from, append_after, params) local tnamed, tmp1, tmp2 local pin, tbl, mem = start_from, {}, {} while src[pin] ~= nil and src[pin + 1] ~= nil do tmp1 = src[pin]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if tmp1 == 'let' and src[pin + 2] ~= nil then tmp1 = get_parameter_name(src[pin + 1]) mem[tmp1], tbl[tmp1], pin = nil, src[pin + 2], pin + 3 --[[ elseif tmp1 == 'expose' then tmp1 = get_parameter_name(src[pin + 1]) tmp2 = params[tmp1] mem[tmp1], tbl[tmp1], pin = tmp2, tmp2, pin + 2 ]]-- elseif tmp1 == 'use' and src[pin + 2] ~= nil then tmp1 = get_parameter_name(src[pin + 2]) tmp2 = params[tmp1] mem[tmp1], tbl[get_parameter_name(src[pin + 1])], pin = tmp2, tmp2, pin + 3 else break end end local tnew = copy_or_ref_table(params, next(mem) == nil) for key in pairs(mem) do tnew[key] = nil end if pin ~= start_from then tnamed, tbl = tbl, {} end tmp1 = tonumber(src[pin]) if tmp1 ~= nil and math.floor(tmp1) == tmp1 then if tmp1 < 0 then tmp1 = -1 end tmp2 = append_after - pin for idx = pin + 1, pin + tmp1 do tbl[idx + tmp2] = src[idx] end pin = pin + tmp1 + 1 end if tnamed ~= nil then for key, val in pairs(tnamed) do tbl[key] = val end end return tbl, pin, tnew, mem end -- Load the optional arguments of some of the `mapping_*` and `renaming_*` -- class of modifiers local function load_callback_opts (src, n_skip, default_style, params) local style, shf local tmp = src[n_skip + 1] if tmp ~= nil then style = mapping_styles[tmp:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'] end if style == nil then style, shf = default_style, n_skip - 1 else shf = n_skip end local n_exist, karg, varg = style[3], style[4], style[5] tmp = style[6] if tmp > -1 then karg = src[tmp + shf]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' if karg == '0' or karg:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then karg = tonumber(karg) n_exist = math.max(n_exist, karg) end end tmp = style[7] if tmp > -1 then varg = src[tmp + shf]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' if varg == '0' or varg:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then varg = tonumber(varg) n_exist = math.max(n_exist, varg) end end local dest, argc, tnew, mem = load_child_opts(src, style[2] + shf, n_exist, params) tmp = style[1] if (tmp == 3 or tmp == 2) and dest[karg] ~= nil then tmp = tmp - 2 end if (tmp == 3 or tmp == 1) and dest[varg] ~= nil then tmp = tmp - 1 end return dest, argc, tmp, karg, varg, tnew, mem end -- Parse the arguments of some of the `mapping_*` and `renaming_*` class of -- modifiers local function load_replace_args (opts, whoami) if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No pattern string was given', 0) end if opts[2] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No replacement string was given', 0) end local ptn, repl, nmax, argc = opts[1], opts[2], tonumber(opts[3]), 3 if nmax ~= nil or (opts[3] or ''):match'^%s*$' ~= nil then argc = 4 end local flg = opts[argc] if flg ~= nil then flg = mkeywords[flg:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'] end if flg == 0 then flg = nil elseif flg ~= nil then argc = argc + 1 end return ptn, repl, nmax, flg, argc, (nmax ~= nil and nmax < 1) or (flg == 3 and ptn == repl) end -- Parse the arguments of the `with_*_matching` class of modifiers local function load_pattern_args (opts, whoami) local keyw local ptns, state, nptns, cnt = {}, 0, 0, 1 for _, val in ipairs(opts) do if state == 0 then nptns, state = nptns + 1, -1 ptns[nptns] = { val, false, false } else keyw = val:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if keyw == nil or mkeywords[keyw] == nil or ( state > 0 and mkeywords[keyw] > 0 ) then break else state = mkeywords[keyw] if state > 1 then ptns[nptns][2] = true end if state == 3 then ptns[nptns][3] = true end end end cnt = cnt + 1 end if state == 0 then error(modulename .. ', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No pattern was given', 0) end return ptns, nptns, cnt end -- Load the optional arguments of the `parsing`, `reinterpreting` and -- `evaluating` modifiers local function load_parse_opts (opts, start_from, isp, psp) local tmp local optslots, noptslots, argc, trimn, trimu, iplain, pplain = { true, true, true }, 3, start_from, true, false, true, true repeat noptslots, tmp = noptslots - 1, opts[argc] if tmp == nil then break end tmp = tmp:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' if optslots[1] ~= nil and trim_parse_opts[tmp] ~= nil then tmp = trim_parse_opts[tmp] trimn, trimu, optslots[1] = tmp[1], tmp[2], nil elseif optslots[2] ~= nil and isep_parse_opts[tmp] ~= nil then argc = argc + 1 iplain, isp, optslots[2] = isep_parse_opts[tmp], opts[argc], nil elseif optslots[3] ~= nil and psep_parse_opts[tmp] ~= nil then argc = argc + 1 pplain, psp, optslots[3] = psep_parse_opts[tmp], opts[argc], nil else break end argc = argc + 1 until noptslots < 1 return isp, iplain, psp, pplain, trimn, trimu, argc end -- Map parameters' values using a custom callback and a referenced table local value_maps = { [0] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn) for key in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = fn() end end, [1] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do margs[varg] = val tbl[key] = fn() end end, [2] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn) for key in pairs(tbl) do margs[karg] = key tbl[key] = fn() end end, [3] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do margs[karg], margs[varg] = key, val tbl[key] = fn() end end } -- Private table for `map_names()` local name_thieves = { [0] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn()) end end, [1] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do rargs[varg] = val steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn()) end end, [2] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do rargs[karg] = key steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn()) end end, [3] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do rargs[karg], rargs[varg] = key, val steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn()) end end } -- Map parameters' names using a custom callback and a referenced table local function map_names (tbl, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, fn) local cache = {} name_thieves[looptype](cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end end -- Return a new table that contains `src` regrouped according to the numeric -- suffixes in its keys local function make_groups (src) -- NOTE: `src` might be the original metatable! local prefix, gid local groups = {} for key, val in pairs(src) do -- `key` must only be a string or a number... if type(key) == 'string' then prefix, gid = key:match'^%s*(.-)%s*(%-?%d*)%s*$' gid = tonumber(gid) or '' else prefix, gid = '', key end if groups[gid] == nil then groups[gid] = {} end if prefix == '0' or prefix:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then prefix = tonumber(prefix) if prefix < 1 then prefix = prefix - 1 end end groups[gid][prefix] = val end return groups end -- Split into parts a string containing the `$#` and `$@` placeholders and -- return the information as a skeleton table, a canvas table and a length local function parse_placeholder_string (target) local idx, s_pos, skel, canvas = 1, 1, {}, {} local e_pos = string.find(target, '%$[@#]', 1, false) while e_pos ~= nil do canvas[idx] = target:sub(s_pos, e_pos - 1) skel[idx + 1] = target:sub(e_pos, e_pos + 1) == '$@' idx = idx + 2 s_pos = e_pos + 2 e_pos = string.find(target, '%$[@#]', s_pos, false) end if (s_pos > target:len()) then idx = idx - 1 else canvas[idx] = target:sub(s_pos) end return skel, canvas, idx end -- Populate a table by parsing a parameter string (heavy lifting for `parsing`, -- `reinterpreting` and `evaluating`) local function parse_parameter_string (tbl, str, isp, ipl, psp, ppl, trn, tru) local key, val, spos1, spos2, pos1, pos2 local pos3, idx, lenplone = 0, 1, #str + 1 if isp == nil or isp == '' then if psp == nil or psp == '' then if tru then tbl[idx] = str:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' else tbl[idx] = str end return idx end spos1, spos2 = str:find(psp, 1, ppl) if spos1 == nil then key = idx if tru then val = str:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' else val = str end idx = idx + 1 else key = get_parameter_name(str:sub(1, spos1 - 1)) val = str:sub(spos2 + 1) if trn then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end end tbl[key] = val return idx end if psp == nil or psp == '' then repeat pos1 = pos3 + 1 pos2, pos3 = str:find(isp, pos1, ipl) val = str:sub(pos1, (pos2 or lenplone) - 1) if tru then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end tbl[idx], idx = val, idx + 1 until pos2 == nil return idx end repeat pos1 = pos3 + 1 pos2, pos3 = str:find(isp, pos1, ipl) val = str:sub(pos1, (pos2 or lenplone) - 1) spos1, spos2 = val:find(psp, 1, ppl) if spos1 == nil then key = idx if tru then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end idx = idx + 1 else key = get_parameter_name(val:sub(1, spos1 - 1)) val = val:sub(spos2 + 1) if trn then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end end tbl[key] = val until pos2 == nil return idx end -- Heavy lifting for `snapshotting` and `remembering` local function make_child (ctx, src, whoami) local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1]) if len == nil or len == 0 then local stack = new_substack(ctx) for key, val in pairs(src) do stack[key] = val end return len == nil and 1 or 2 end if len < 0 or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename .. ', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: The number of parameters to copy must be an integer greater than zero', 0) end copy_table_maxn(new_substack(ctx), src, len) return 2 end -- Heavy lifting for `setting_by_flushing`, `combining` and `combining_values` local function set_strings_from_substack (ctx, dest, whoami) if ctx.n_children < 1 then error(modulename .. ', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: There are no substacks to flush', 0) end local currsnap = ctx.n_children local stack = ctx.children[currsnap] for key, val in pairs(memoryslots) do if stack[key] ~= nil then dest[val] = stack[key] end end ctx.children[currsnap], ctx.n_children = nil, currsnap - 1 end -- Heavy lifting for `combining` and `combining_values` local function combine_parameters (ctx, keyval_fn, whoami) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! This function -- MUST create a copy of it before returning local opts = ctx.pipe if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end local argc local tbl, vars = ctx.params, {} local sortfn, varsarg0, do_sort, tmp = load_sort_opt(opts[2]) if varsarg0 == 2 then tmp = opts[3] and opts[3]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end if tmp == 'with_flushed_glue' then varsarg0 = varsarg0 + 1 argc = set_strings_from_opts(vars, opts, varsarg0 + 1) set_strings_from_substack(ctx, vars, whoami) else if tmp == 'without_flushed_glue' then varsarg0 = varsarg0 + 1 end argc = set_strings_from_opts(vars, opts, varsarg0 + 1) end if argc < varsarg0 then error(modulename .. ', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No setting directive was given', 0) end if next(tbl) == nil then if vars.ifngiven ~= nil then ctx.params = { [get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])] = vars.ifngiven } elseif tbl == ctx.oparams then ctx.params = {} end return argc end local cache, len if do_sort then local words cache, words, len, tmp = get_key_list_sorted(tbl, sortfn) for idx = 1, tmp do cache[len + idx] = words[idx] end len = len + tmp else len, cache = 0, {} for key in pairs(tbl) do len = len + 1 cache[len] = key end end local pmap, nss, kvs, pps = {}, 0, vars.pairsep or '', vars.itersep or '' for idx = 1, len do tmp, pmap[nss + 1] = cache[idx], pps pmap[nss + 2] = keyval_fn(tmp, tbl[tmp], kvs) nss = nss + 2 end tmp = vars.oxfordsep or vars.lastsep if tmp ~= nil and nss > 4 then pmap[nss - 1] = tmp elseif nss > 2 and vars.lastsep ~= nil then pmap[nss - 1] = vars.lastsep end pmap[1] = vars.header or '' if vars.footer ~= nil then pmap[nss + 1] = vars.footer end ctx.params = { [get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])] = table.concat(pmap) } return argc end -- Concatenate the numeric keys from the table of parameters to the numeric -- keys from the table of options; non-numeric keys from the table of options -- will prevail over colliding non-numeric keys from the table of parameters local function concat_params (ctx) local retval, tbl, nmax = {}, ctx.params, table.maxn(ctx.pipe) if ctx.subset == 1 then -- We need only the sequence for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do retval[key + nmax] = val end else if ctx.subset == -1 then for key in ipairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = nil end end for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' and key > 0 then retval[key + nmax] = val else retval[key] = val end end end for key, val in pairs(ctx.pipe) do retval[key] = val end return retval end -- Flush the parameters by calling a custom function for each value (after this -- function has been invoked `ctx.params` will be no longer usable) local function flush_params (ctx, fn) local tbl = ctx.params if ctx.subset == 1 then for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do fn(key, val) end return end if ctx.subset == -1 then for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = nil end end if ctx.sorttype > 0 then local nums, words, nn, nw = get_key_list_sorted(tbl, natural_sort) if ctx.sorttype == 2 then for idx = 1, nw do fn(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end for idx = 1, nn do fn(nums[idx], tbl[nums[idx]]) end return end for idx = 1, nn do fn(nums[idx], tbl[nums[idx]]) end for idx = 1, nw do fn(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end return end if ctx.subset ~= -1 then for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do fn(key, val) tbl[key] = nil end end for key, val in pairs(tbl) do fn(key, val) end end -- Flush the parameters by calling one of two custom functions for each value -- (after this function has been invoked `ctx.params` will be no longer usable) local function mixed_flush_params (ctx, fn_seq, fn_oth) if ctx.subset == 1 then for key, val in ipairs(ctx.params) do fn_seq(key, val) end return end if ctx.subset == -1 then flush_params(ctx, fn_oth) return end local tbl = ctx.params if ctx.sorttype > 0 then local nums, words, nn, nw = get_key_list_sorted(tbl, natural_sort) local sequence = {} for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do sequence[key] = val end if ctx.sorttype == 2 then for idx = 1, nw do fn_oth(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end end for idx = 1, nn do if sequence[nums[idx]] then fn_seq(nums[idx], sequence[nums[idx]]) else fn_oth(nums[idx], tbl[nums[idx]]) end end if ctx.sorttype ~= 2 then for idx = 1, nw do fn_oth(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end end return end for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do fn_seq(key, val) tbl[key] = nil end for key, val in pairs(tbl) do fn_oth(key, val) end end -- Finalize and return a concatenated list local function finalize_and_return_concatenated_list (ctx, lst, len, modsize) if len > 0 then local tmp = ctx.oxfordsep or ctx.lastsep if tmp ~= nil and len > modsize * 2 then lst[len - modsize + 1] = tmp elseif len > modsize and ctx.lastsep ~= nil then lst[len - modsize + 1] = ctx.lastsep end lst[1] = ctx.header or '' if ctx.footer ~= nil then lst[len + 1] = ctx.footer end ctx.text = table.concat(lst) else ctx.text = ctx.ifngiven or '' end end --- --- --- PUBLIC ENVIRONMENT --- --- ________________________________ --- --- --- --[[ Modifiers ]]-- ------------------- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|sequential|pipe to library.sequential = function (ctx) if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘sequential’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end if ctx.subset == -1 then error(modulename .. ': The two directives ‘non-sequential’ and ‘sequential’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end if ctx.sorttype > 0 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘all_sorted’ and ‘reassorted’ directives are redundant when followed by ‘sequential’', 0) end ctx.iterfunc, ctx.subset = ipairs, 1 return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|non-sequential|pipe to library['non-sequential'] = function (ctx) if ctx.subset == -1 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘non-sequential’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename .. ': The two directives ‘sequential’ and ‘non-sequential’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end ctx.iterfunc, ctx.subset = pairs, -1 return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|all_sorted|pipe to library.all_sorted = function (ctx) if ctx.sorttype == 1 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘all_sorted’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘all_sorted’ directive is redundant after ‘sequential’', 0) end if ctx.sorttype == 2 then error(modulename .. ': The two directives ‘reassorted’ and ‘sequential’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end ctx.sorttype = 1 return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|reassorted|pipe to library.reassorted = function (ctx) if ctx.sorttype == 2 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘reassorted’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘reassorted’ directive is redundant after ‘sequential’', 0) end if ctx.sorttype == 1 then error(modulename .. ': The two directives ‘sequential’ and ‘reassorted’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end ctx.sorttype = 2 return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|setting|directives|...|pipe to library.setting = function (ctx) local argc = set_strings_from_opts(ctx, ctx.pipe, 1) if argc < 2 then error(modulename .. ', ‘setting’: No directive was given', 0) end return context_iterate(ctx, argc + 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|scoring|new parameter name|[container]|pipe to library.scoring = function (ctx) if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘scoring’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end local tmp local retval, opts = 0, ctx.pipe for _ in pairs(ctx.params) do retval = retval + 1 end if opts[2] ~= nil then tmp = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tmp == 'in_substack' then new_substack(ctx)[get_parameter_name(opts[1])] = tostring(retval) return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end ctx.params[get_parameter_name(opts[1])] = tostring(retval) return context_iterate(ctx, tmp == 'here' and 3 or 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|squeezing|pipe to library.squeezing = function (ctx) local store, indices, tbl, newlen = {}, {}, ctx.params, 0 for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then newlen = newlen + 1 indices[newlen], store[key], tbl[key] = key, val, nil end end table.sort(indices) for idx = 1, newlen do tbl[idx] = store[indices[idx]] end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|filling_the_gaps|pipe to library.filling_the_gaps = function (ctx) local tbl, tmp, nmin, nmax, nnums = ctx.params, {}, 1, nil, -1 for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then if nmax == nil then if key < nmin then nmin = key end nmax = key elseif key > nmax then nmax = key elseif key < nmin then nmin = key end tmp[key], nnums = val, nnums + 1 end end if nmax ~= nil and nmax - nmin > nnums then ctx.n_available = ctx.n_available + nmin + nnums - nmax if ctx.n_available < 0 then error(modulename .. ', ‘filling_the_gaps’: It is possible to fill at most ' .. tostring(maxfill) .. ' parameters', 0) end for idx = nmin, nmax, 1 do tbl[idx] = '' end for key, val in pairs(tmp) do tbl[key] = val end end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|clearing|pipe to library.clearing = function (ctx) local tbl, numerics = ctx.params, {} for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then numerics[key], tbl[key] = val, nil end end for key, val in ipairs(numerics) do tbl[key] = val end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|cutting|left cut|right cut|pipe to library.cutting = function (ctx) local lcut = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1]) if lcut == nil or math.floor(lcut) ~= lcut then error(modulename .. ', ‘cutting’: Left cut must be an integer number', 0) end local rcut = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2]) if rcut == nil or math.floor(rcut) ~= rcut then error(modulename .. ', ‘cutting’: Right cut must be an integer number', 0) end local tbl = ctx.params local len = #tbl if lcut < 0 then lcut = len + lcut end if rcut < 0 then rcut = len + rcut end local tot = lcut + rcut if tot > 0 then local cache = {} if tot >= len then for key in ipairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = nil end tot = len else for idx = len - rcut + 1, len, 1 do tbl[idx] = nil end for idx = 1, lcut, 1 do tbl[idx] = nil end end for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' and key > 0 then if key > len then cache[key - tot] = val else cache[key - lcut] = val end tbl[key] = nil end end for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end end return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|cropping|left crop|right crop|pipe to library.cropping = function (ctx) local lcut = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1]) if lcut == nil or math.floor(lcut) ~= lcut then error(modulename .. ', ‘cropping’: Left crop must be an integer number', 0) end local rcut = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2]) if rcut == nil or math.floor(rcut) ~= rcut then error(modulename .. ', ‘cropping’: Right crop must be an integer number', 0) end local tbl = ctx.params local nmin, nmax for key in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then if nmin == nil then nmin, nmax = key, key elseif key > nmax then nmax = key elseif key < nmin then nmin = key end end end if nmin ~= nil then local len = nmax - nmin + 1 if lcut < 0 then lcut = len + lcut end if rcut < 0 then rcut = len + rcut end if lcut + rcut - len > -1 then for key in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then tbl[key] = nil end end elseif lcut + rcut > 0 then for idx = nmax - rcut + 1, nmax do tbl[idx] = nil end for idx = nmin, nmin + lcut - 1 do tbl[idx] = nil end local lshift = nmin + lcut - 1 if lshift > 0 then for idx = lshift + 1, nmax, 1 do tbl[idx - lshift], tbl[idx] = tbl[idx], nil end end end end return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|purging|start offset|length|pipe to library.purging = function (ctx) local idx = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1]) if idx == nil or math.floor(idx) ~= idx then error(modulename .. ', ‘purging’: Start offset must be an integer number', 0) end local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2]) if len == nil or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename .. ', ‘purging’: Length must be an integer number', 0) end local tbl = ctx.params if len < 1 then len = len + table.maxn(tbl) if idx > len then return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end len = len - idx + 1 end ctx.params = copy_table_reduced(tbl, idx, len) return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|backpurging|start offset|length|pipe to library.backpurging = function (ctx) local last = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1]) if last == nil or math.floor(last) ~= last then error(modulename .. ', ‘backpurging’: Start offset must be an integer number', 0) end local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2]) if len == nil or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename .. ', ‘backpurging’: Length must be an integer number', 0) end local idx local tbl = ctx.params if len > 0 then idx = last - len + 1 else for key in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' and (idx == nil or key < idx) then idx = key end end if idx == nil then return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end idx = idx - len if last < idx then return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end len = last - idx + 1 end ctx.params = copy_table_reduced(ctx.params, idx, len) return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|shifting|addend|pipe to library.shifting = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local nshift = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1]) if nshift == nil or nshift == 0 or math.floor(nshift) ~= nshift then error(modulename .. ', ‘shifting’: A non-zero integer number must be provided', 0) end local tbl = {} for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do if type(key) == 'number' then tbl[key + nshift] = val else tbl[key] = val end end ctx.params = tbl return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|reversing_numeric_names|pipe to library.reversing_numeric_names = function (ctx) local tbl, numerics, nmax = ctx.params, {}, 0 for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then numerics[key], tbl[key] = val, nil if key > nmax then nmax = key end end end for key, val in pairs(numerics) do tbl[nmax - key + 1] = val end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|pivoting_numeric_names|pipe to --[[ library.pivoting_numeric_names = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params local shift = #tbl + 1 if shift < 2 then return library.reversing_numeric_names(ctx) end local numerics = {} for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then numerics[key] = val tbl[key] = nil end end for key, val in pairs(numerics) do tbl[shift - key] = val end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mirroring_numeric_names|pipe to --[[ library.mirroring_numeric_names = function (ctx) local nmax, nmin local tbl, numerics = ctx.params, {} for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then numerics[key] = val tbl[key] = nil if nmax == nil then nmin, nmax = key, key elseif key > nmax then nmax = key elseif key < nmin then nmin = key end end end for key, val in pairs(numerics) do tbl[nmax + nmin - key] = val end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|swapping_numeric_names|pipe to --[[ library.swapping_numeric_names = function (ctx) local tmp local tbl, cache, nsize = ctx.params, {}, 0 for key in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then nsize = nsize + 1 cache[nsize] = key end end table.sort(cache) for idx = math.floor(nsize / 2), 1, -1 do tmp = tbl[cache[idx] ] tbl[cache[idx] ] = tbl[cache[nsize - idx + 1] ] tbl[cache[nsize - idx + 1] ] = tmp end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|sorting_sequential_values|[criterion]|pipe to library.sorting_sequential_values = function (ctx) local sortfn if ctx.pipe[1] ~= nil then sortfn = sortfunctions[ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'] end if sortfn then table.sort(ctx.params, sortfn) else table.sort(ctx.params) end -- i.e. either `false` or `nil` if sortfn == nil then return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|splicing|[add to position]|position|increment| -- [number of elements to write]|...|pipe to library.splicing = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local tmp2, argc, pos, refp local opts, tbl = ctx.pipe, ctx.params local tmp1 = opts[1] if tmp1 ~= nil then tmp2 = tonumber(tmp1) if tmp2 == nil or math.floor(tmp2) ~= tmp2 then pos, argc, tmp2 = tonumber(opts[2]), 4, tmp1:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if tmp2 ~= nil then refp = position_references[tmp2] if refp == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘splicing’: ‘' .. tostring(tmp2) .. '’ is not a valid first argument', 0) end else refp = 0 end else pos, argc, refp = tmp2, 3, 0 end else pos, argc, refp = tonumber(opts[2]), 4, 0 end if pos == nil or math.floor(pos) ~= pos then error(modulename .. ', ‘splicing’: The position must be an integer number', 0) end local len = tonumber(opts[argc - 1]) if len == nil or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename .. ', ‘splicing’: The increment must be an integer number', 0) end if refp == 2 then for _ in ipairs(tbl) do pos = pos + 1 end refp = 0 end tmp1, tmp2 = nil, nil if refp ~= 0 or len ~= 0 then for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then if tmp1 == nil then tmp1, tmp2 = key, key elseif key < tmp1 then tmp1 = key elseif key > tmp2 then tmp2 = key end end end end if tmp2 == nil then len = 0 elseif refp == 3 then pos = pos + tmp2 elseif refp == 1 then pos = pos + tmp1 end if len > 0 and pos + len > tmp1 and pos <= tmp2 then tbl = copy_table_expanded(tbl, pos, len) elseif len < 0 and pos - len > tmp1 and pos <= tmp2 then tbl = copy_table_reduced(tbl, pos, -len) else tbl = copy_or_ref_table(tbl, tbl ~= ctx.oparams) end ctx.params = tbl tmp1 = tonumber(opts[argc]) if len == 0 and (tmp1 == nil or tmp1 < 1) then error(modulename .. ', ‘splicing’: When the increment is zero the number of elements to add cannot be zero', 0) end if tmp1 == nil or tmp1 < 0 or math.floor(tmp1) ~= tmp1 then return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end tmp2 = argc - pos + 1 for key = pos, pos + tmp1 - 1 do tbl[key] = opts[key + tmp2] end return context_iterate(ctx, argc + tmp1 + 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|imposing|name|value|pipe to library.imposing = function (ctx) if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘imposing’: Missing parameter name to impose', 0) end ctx.params[get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])] = ctx.pipe[2] return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|providing|name|value|pipe to library.providing = function (ctx) if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘providing’: Missing parameter name to provide', 0) end local key = get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1]) if ctx.params[key] == nil then ctx.params[key] = ctx.pipe[2] end return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|reassigning|source|destination|[mode]|pipe to library.reassigning = function (ctx) local opts, tbl = ctx.pipe, ctx.params if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘reassigning’: Missing source parameter', 0) end if opts[2] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘reassigning’: Missing destination parameter', 0) end local mode local src = get_parameter_name(opts[1]) local val = tbl[src] if opts[3] ~= nil then mode = a_modes[opts[3]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'] end local argc = mode == nil and 3 or 4 if val == nil then return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end local dest = get_parameter_name(opts[2]) if mode == 1 or mode == 4 or (mode == 3 and tbl[dest] == nil) then tbl[src] = nil end if mode == nil or mode < 2 or tbl[dest] == nil then tbl[dest] = val end return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|discarding|name|[how many]|pipe to library.discarding = function (ctx) if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘discarding’: Missing parameter name to discard', 0) end local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2]) if len == nil then ctx.params[get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])] = nil return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end local key = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1]) if key == nil or math.floor(key) ~= key then error(modulename .. ', ‘discarding’: A range was provided, but the initial parameter name is not an integer number', 0) end if len < 1 or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename .. ', ‘discarding’: A range can only be an integer number greater than zero', 0) end for idx = key, key + len - 1 do ctx.params[idx] = nil end return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|excluding_non-numeric_names|pipe to library['excluding_non-numeric_names'] = function (ctx) local tmp = ctx.params for key, val in pairs(tmp) do if type(key) ~= 'number' then tmp[key] = nil end end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|excluding_numeric_names|pipe to library.excluding_numeric_names = function (ctx) local tmp = ctx.params for key, val in pairs(tmp) do if type(key) == 'number' then tmp[key] = nil end end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|with_name_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1]|[or] -- |[target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[or]|[...]|[target N]|[plain flag -- N]|pipe to library.with_name_matching = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local tmp, ptn local targets, nptns, argc = load_pattern_args(ctx.pipe, 'with_name_matching') local tbl, newparams = ctx.params, {} for idx = 1, nptns do ptn = targets[idx] if ptn[3] then tmp = ptn[1] if tmp == '0' or tmp:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then tmp = tonumber(tmp) end newparams[tmp] = tbl[tmp] else for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if tostring(key):find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then newparams[key] = val end end end end ctx.params = newparams return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|with_name_not_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1] -- |[and]|[target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[and]|[...]|[target N]|[plain -- flag N]|pipe to library.with_name_not_matching = function (ctx) local targets, nptns, argc = load_pattern_args(ctx.pipe, 'with_name_not_matching') local tbl = ctx.params if nptns == 1 and targets[1][3] then local tmp = targets[1][1] if tmp == '0' or tmp:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then tbl[tonumber(tmp)] = nil else tbl[tmp] = nil end return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end local yesmatch, ptn for key in pairs(tbl) do yesmatch = true for idx = 1, nptns do ptn = targets[idx] if ptn[3] then if tostring(key) ~= ptn[1] then yesmatch = false break end elseif not tostring(key):find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then yesmatch = false break end end if yesmatch then tbl[key] = nil end end return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|with_value_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1]|[or] -- |[target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[or]|[...]|[target N]|[plain flag -- N]|pipe to library.with_value_matching = function (ctx) local nomatch, ptn local tbl = ctx.params local targets, nptns, argc = load_pattern_args(ctx.pipe, 'with_value_matching') for key, val in pairs(tbl) do nomatch = true for idx = 1, nptns do ptn = targets[idx] if ptn[3] then if val == ptn[1] then nomatch = false break end elseif val:find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then nomatch = false break end end if nomatch then tbl[key] = nil end end return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|with_value_not_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1] -- |[and]|[target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[and]|[...]|[target N]|[plain -- flag N]|pipe to library.with_value_not_matching = function (ctx) local yesmatch, ptn local tbl = ctx.params local targets, nptns, argc = load_pattern_args(ctx.pipe, 'with_value_not_matching') for key, val in pairs(tbl) do yesmatch = true for idx = 1, nptns do ptn = targets[idx] if ptn[3] then if val ~= ptn[1] then yesmatch = false break end elseif not val:find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then yesmatch = false break end end if yesmatch then tbl[key] = nil end end return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|keeping_at_most|number of parameters to pick|pipe to library.keeping_at_most = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1]) if len == nil or len < 1 or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename .. ', ‘keeping_at_most’: The number of parameters to keep must be an integer greater than zero', 0) end ctx.params = copy_table_maxn({}, ctx.params, len) return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|trimming_values|pipe to library.trimming_values = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_to_lowercase|pipe to library.mapping_to_lowercase = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = val:lower() end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_to_uppercase|pipe to library.mapping_to_uppercase = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = val:upper() end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_by_calling|template name|[call -- style]|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of additional -- parameters]|[parameter 1]|[parameter 2]|[...]|[parameter N]|pipe to library.mapping_by_calling = function (ctx) local tname local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end local margs, argc, looptype, karg, varg, tbl, mem = load_callback_opts(opts, 1, mapping_styles.values_only, ctx.params) local model = { title = tname, args = margs } value_maps[looptype](tbl, margs, karg, varg, function () return ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model) end) for key, val in pairs(mem) do tbl[key] = val end ctx.params = tbl return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_by_invoking|module name|function name|[call -- style]|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of additional -- arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to library.mapping_by_invoking = function (ctx) local mname, fname local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if mname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: No module name was provided', 0) end if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if fname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: No function name was provided', 0) end local margs, argc, looptype, karg, varg, tbl, mem = load_callback_opts(opts, 2, mapping_styles.values_only, ctx.params) local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = margs } local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname] if mfunc == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end value_maps[looptype](tbl, margs, karg, varg, function () return tostring(mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model))) end) for key, val in pairs(mem) do tbl[key] = val end ctx.params = tbl return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_by_magic|parser function|[call -- style]|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of additional -- arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to library.mapping_by_magic = function (ctx) local magic local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if magic == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end local margs, argc, looptype, karg, varg, tbl, mem = load_callback_opts(opts, 1, mapping_styles.values_only, ctx.params) value_maps[looptype](tbl, margs, karg, varg, function () return ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, margs) end) for key, val in pairs(mem) do tbl[key] = val end ctx.params = tbl return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_by_replacing|target|replace|[count]|[plain -- flag]|pipe to library.mapping_by_replacing = function (ctx) local ptn, repl, nmax, flg, argc, die = load_replace_args(ctx.pipe, 'mapping_by_replacing') if die then return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end local tbl = ctx.params if flg == 3 then for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if val == ptn then tbl[key] = repl end end else if flg == 2 then -- Copied from Module:String's `str._escapePattern()` ptn = ptn:gsub('[%(%)%.%%%+%-%*%?%[%^%$%]]', '%%%0') end for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = val:gsub(ptn, repl, nmax) end end return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_by_mixing|mixing string|pipe to library.mapping_by_mixing = function (ctx) if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_mixing’: No mixing string was provided', 0) end local tbl, mix = ctx.params, ctx.pipe[1] if mix == '$#' then for key in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = tostring(key) end return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end local skel, cnv, n_parts = parse_placeholder_string(mix) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do for idx = 2, n_parts, 2 do if skel[idx] then cnv[idx] = val else cnv[idx] = tostring(key) end end tbl[key] = table.concat(cnv) end return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_to_names|pipe to --[[ library.mapping_to_names = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params for key in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = tostring(key) end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_to_lowercase|pipe to library.renaming_to_lowercase = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local cache = {} for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do if type(key) == 'string' then cache[key:lower()] = val else cache[key] = val end end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_to_uppercase|pipe to library.renaming_to_uppercase = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local cache = {} for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do if type(key) == 'string' then cache[key:upper()] = val else cache[key] = val end end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_to_sequence|[sort order]|pipe to library.renaming_to_sequence = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local cache, len local tbl = ctx.params local sortfn, argc, do_sort = load_sort_opt(ctx.pipe[1]) if do_sort then local words, wl cache, words, len, wl = get_key_list_sorted(tbl, sortfn) for idx = 1, len do cache[idx] = tbl[cache[idx]] end for idx = 1, wl do cache[len + idx] = tbl[words[idx]] end else len, cache = 0, {} for _, val in pairs(tbl) do len = len + 1 cache[len] = val end end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_by_calling|template name|[call -- style]|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of additional -- parameters]|[parameter 1]|[parameter 2]|[...]|[parameter N]|pipe to library.renaming_by_calling = function (ctx) local tname local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘renaming_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end local rargs, argc, looptype, karg, varg, tbl, mem = load_callback_opts(opts, 1, mapping_styles.names_only, ctx.params) local model = { title = tname, args = rargs } map_names(tbl, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, function () return ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model) end) for key, val in pairs(mem) do tbl[key] = val end ctx.params = tbl return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_by_invoking|module name|function -- name|[call style]|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of -- additional arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument -- N]|pipe to library.renaming_by_invoking = function (ctx) local mname, fname local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if mname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘renaming_by_invoking’: No module name was provided', 0) end if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if fname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘renaming_by_invoking’: No function name was provided', 0) end local rargs, argc, looptype, karg, varg, tbl, mem = load_callback_opts(opts, 2, mapping_styles.names_only, ctx.params) local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = rargs } local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname] if mfunc == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘renaming_by_invoking’: The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end map_names(tbl, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, function () return tostring(mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model))) end) for key, val in pairs(mem) do tbl[key] = val end ctx.params = tbl return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_by_magic|parser function|[call -- style]|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of additional -- arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to library.renaming_by_magic = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local magic if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if magic == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘renaming_by_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end local rargs, argc, looptype, karg, varg, tbl, mem = load_callback_opts(opts, 1, mapping_styles.names_only, ctx.params) map_names(tbl, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, function () return ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, rargs) end) for key, val in pairs(mem) do tbl[key] = val end ctx.params = tbl return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_by_replacing|target|replace|[count]|[plain -- flag]|pipe to library.renaming_by_replacing = function (ctx) local ptn, repl, nmax, flg, argc, die = load_replace_args(ctx.pipe, 'renaming_by_replacing') if die then return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end local tbl = ctx.params if flg == 3 then ptn = get_parameter_name(ptn) local val = tbl[ptn] if val ~= nil then tbl[ptn], tbl[get_parameter_name(repl)] = nil, val end else if flg == 2 then -- Copied from Module:String's `str._escapePattern()` ptn = ptn:gsub('[%(%)%.%%%+%-%*%?%[%^%$%]]', '%%%0') end local cache = {} for key, val in pairs(tbl) do steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, tostring(key):gsub(ptn, repl, nmax)) end for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end end return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_by_mixing|mixing string|pipe to library.renaming_by_mixing = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘renaming_by_mixing’: No mixing string was provided', 0) end local mix = ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' local cache = {} if mix == '$@' then for _, val in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[get_parameter_name(val)] = val end else local skel, canvas, n_parts = parse_placeholder_string(mix) for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do for idx = 2, n_parts, 2 do if skel[idx] then canvas[idx] = val else canvas[idx] = tostring(key) end end cache[get_parameter_name(table.concat(canvas))] = val end end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_to_values|pipe to --[[ library.renaming_to_values = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local cache = {} for _, val in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[val] = val end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|grouping_by_calling|template -- name|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of additional -- arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to library.grouping_by_calling = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local tmp, argc, tbl, mem = load_child_opts(ctx.pipe, 2, 0, ctx.params) local gargs = {} for key, val in pairs(tmp) do if type(key) == 'number' and key < 1 then gargs[key - 1] = val else gargs[key] = val end end tmp = ctx.pipe[1] if tmp ~= nil then tmp = tmp:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tmp == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘grouping_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end local model = { title = tmp } local groups = make_groups(tbl) for gid, group in pairs(groups) do for key, val in pairs(gargs) do group[key] = val end group[0], model.args = gid, group groups[gid] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model) end for key, val in pairs(mem) do groups[key] = val end ctx.params = groups return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|parsing|string to parse|[trim flag]|[iteration -- delimiter setter]|[...]|[key-value delimiter setter]|[...]|pipe to library.parsing = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘parsing’: No string to parse was provided', 0) end local isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed, argc = load_parse_opts(opts, 2, '|', '=') parse_parameter_string(ctx.params, opts[1], isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed) return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|reinterpreting|parameter to reinterpret|[trim -- flag]|[iteration delimiter setter]|[...]|[key-value delimiter -- setter]|[...]|pipe to library.reinterpreting = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘reinterpreting’: No parameter to reinterpret was provided', 0) end local isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed, argc = load_parse_opts(opts, 2, '|', '=') local tbl, tmp = ctx.params, get_parameter_name(opts[1]) local str = tbl[tmp] if str ~= nil then tbl[tmp] = nil parse_parameter_string(tbl, str, isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed) end return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|evaluating|string to parse|[trim flag]|[iteration -- delimiter setter]|[...]|[key-value delimiter setter]|[...]|pipe to library.evaluating = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘evaluating’: No string to parse was provided', 0) end local isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed, argc = load_parse_opts(opts, 2, '!', ':') if opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' == nil then ctx.pipe = copy_or_ref_table(opts, opts ~= ctx.opipe) return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end local new_opts, cache = {}, {} local shift = parse_parameter_string(cache, opts[1], isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed) - argc for key, val in pairs(opts) do if type(key) ~= 'number' or key < 1 then new_opts[key] = val elseif key >= argc then new_opts[key + shift] = val end end for key, val in pairs(cache) do new_opts[key] = val end ctx.pipe = new_opts return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mixing_names_and_values|mixing string|pipe to library.mixing_names_and_values = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mixing_names_and_values’: No mixing string was provided for parameter names', 0) end if ctx.pipe[2] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mixing_names_and_values’: No mixing string was provided for parameter values', 0) end local tmp local mix_k = ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' local cache, mix_v = {}, ctx.pipe[2] if mix_k == '$@' and mix_v == '$@' then for _, val in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[get_parameter_name(val)] = val end elseif mix_k == '$@' and mix_v == '$#' then for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[get_parameter_name(val)] = tostring(key) end elseif mix_k == '$#' and mix_v == '$#' then for key in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[key] = tostring(key) end else local skel_k, cnv_k, n_parts_k = parse_placeholder_string(mix_k) local skel_v, cnv_v, n_parts_v = parse_placeholder_string(mix_v) for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do tmp = tostring(key) for idx = 2, n_parts_k, 2 do if skel_k[idx] then cnv_k[idx] = val else cnv_k[idx] = tmp end end for idx = 2, n_parts_v, 2 do if skel_v[idx] then cnv_v[idx] = val else cnv_v[idx] = tmp end end cache[get_parameter_name(table.concat(cnv_k))] = table.concat(cnv_v) end end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|swapping_names_and_values|pipe to --[[ library.swapping_names_and_values = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local cache = {} for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[val] = key end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|combining|new parameter name|[sort -- order]|[with/without flushed glue]|setting directives|...|pipe to library.combining = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning return context_iterate(ctx, combine_parameters( ctx, function (key, val, kvs) return key .. kvs .. val end, 'combining' ) + 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|combining_values|new parameter name|[sort -- order]|[with/without flushed glue]|setting directives|...|pipe to library.combining_values = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning return context_iterate(ctx, combine_parameters( ctx, function (key, val, kvs) return val end, 'combining_values' ) + 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|combining_by_calling|template name|new parameter -- name|pipe to library.combining_by_calling = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local tname = ctx.pipe[1] if tname ~= nil then tname = tname:match'^%s*(.*%S)' else error(modulename .. ', ‘combining_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end if ctx.pipe[2] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘combining_by_calling’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end ctx.params = { [get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[2])] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate{ title = tname, args = ctx.params } } return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|combining_by_invoking|module name|function name|new -- parameter name|pipe to library.combining_by_invoking = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local mname = ctx.pipe[1] if mname ~= nil then mname = mname:match'^%s*(.*%S)' else error(modulename .. ', ‘combining_by_invoking’: No module name was provided', 0) end local fname = ctx.pipe[2] if fname ~= nil then fname = fname:match'^%s*(.*%S)' else error(modulename .. ', ‘combining_by_invoking’: No function name was provided', 0) end if ctx.pipe[3] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘combining_by_invoking’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = ctx.params } local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname] if mfunc == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end ctx.params = { [get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[3])] = tostring(mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model))) } return context_iterate(ctx, 4) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|combining_by_magic|parser function|new parameter -- name|pipe to library.combining_by_magic = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local magic = ctx.pipe[1] if magic ~= nil then magic = magic:match'^%s*(.*%S)' else error(modulename .. ', ‘combining_by_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end if ctx.pipe[2] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘combining_by_magic’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end ctx.params = { [get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[2])] = ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, ctx.params) } return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|snapshotting|[maximum number]|pipe to library.snapshotting = function (ctx) return context_iterate(ctx, make_child(ctx, ctx.params, 'snapshotting')) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|remembering|[maximum number]|pipe to library.remembering = function (ctx) return context_iterate(ctx, make_child(ctx, ctx.oparams, 'remembering')) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|entering_substack|[new]|pipe to library.entering_substack = function (ctx) local tbl, ncurrparent = ctx.params, ctx.n_parents + 1 if ctx.parents == nil then ctx.parents = { tbl } else ctx.parents[ncurrparent] = tbl end ctx.n_parents = ncurrparent if ctx.pipe[1] ~= nil and ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*new%s*$' then ctx.params = {} return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end local currsnap = ctx.n_children if currsnap > 0 then ctx.params, ctx.children[currsnap], ctx.n_children = ctx.children[currsnap], nil, currsnap - 1 else local newparams = {} for key, val in pairs(tbl) do newparams[key] = val end ctx.params = newparams end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|pulling|parameter name|pipe to library.pulling = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘pulling’: No parameter to pull was provided', 0) end local tmp = ctx.n_parents local parent = tmp < 1 and ctx.oparams or ctx.parents[tmp] tmp = get_parameter_name(opts[1]) if parent[tmp] ~= nil then ctx.params[tmp] = parent[tmp] end return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|recalling|parameter name|pipe to library.recalling = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘recalling’: No parameter to recall was provided', 0) end local arg = get_parameter_name(opts[1]) if ctx.oparams[arg] ~= nil then ctx.params[arg] = ctx.oparams[arg] end return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|finding|parameter name|pipe to --[[ library.finding = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘finding’: No parameter to find was provided', 0) end local arg = get_parameter_name(opts[1]) local parent for idx = ctx.n_parents, 1, -1 do parent = ctx.parents[idx] if parent[arg] ~= nil then ctx.params[arg] = parent[arg] return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end end if ctx.oparams[arg] ~= nil then ctx.params[arg] = ctx.oparams[arg] end return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|picking|number of parameters to pick|pipe to --[[ library.picking = function (ctx) local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1]) if len == nil or len < 1 or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename .. ', ‘picking’: The number of parameters to pick must be an integer greater than zero', 0) end if ctx.n_parents < 1 then copy_table_maxn(ctx.params, ctx.oparams, len) else copy_table_maxn(ctx.params, ctx.parents[ctx.n_parents], len) end return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|detaching_substack|pipe to library.detaching_substack = function (ctx) local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents if ncurrparent < 1 then error(modulename .. ', ‘detaching_substack’: No substack has been created', 0) end local parent = ctx.parents[ncurrparent] for key in pairs(ctx.params) do parent[key] = nil end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|dropping_substack|pipe to library.dropping_substack = function (ctx) local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents if ncurrparent < 1 then error(modulename .. ', ‘dropping_substack’: No substack has been created', 0) end ctx.params, ctx.parents[ncurrparent], ctx.n_parents = ctx.parents[ncurrparent], nil, ncurrparent - 1 return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|leaving_substack|pipe to library.leaving_substack = function (ctx) local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents if ncurrparent < 1 then error(modulename .. ', ‘leaving_substack’: No substack has been created', 0) end local currsnap = ctx.n_children + 1 if ctx.children == nil then ctx.children = { ctx.params } else ctx.children[currsnap] = ctx.params end ctx.params, ctx.parents[ncurrparent], ctx.n_parents, ctx.n_children = ctx.parents[ncurrparent], nil, ncurrparent - 1, currsnap return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|merging_substack|pipe to library.merging_substack = function (ctx) local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents if ncurrparent < 1 then error(modulename .. ', ‘merging_substack’: No substack has been created', 0) end local parent, child = ctx.parents[ncurrparent], ctx.params ctx.params, ctx.parents[ncurrparent], ctx.n_parents = parent, nil, ncurrparent - 1 for key, val in pairs(child) do parent[key] = val end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|flushing|pipe to library.flushing = function (ctx) if ctx.n_children < 1 then error(modulename .. ', ‘flushing’: There are no substacks to flush', 0) end local parent, currsnap = ctx.params, ctx.n_children for key, val in pairs(ctx.children[currsnap]) do parent[key] = val end ctx.children[currsnap], ctx.n_children = nil, currsnap - 1 return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|setting_by_flushing|pipe to library.setting_by_flushing = function (ctx) set_strings_from_substack(ctx, ctx, 'setting_by_flushing') return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end --[[ Functions ]]-- ----------------------------- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|count library.count = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` and `ctx.params` might be the original metatables! local retval = 0 for _ in ctx.iterfunc(ctx.params) do retval = retval + 1 end if ctx.subset == -1 then retval = retval - #ctx.params end ctx.text = retval return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:args|concat_and_call|template name|[prepend 1]|[prepend 2] -- |[...]|[item n]|[named item 1=value 1]|[...]|[named item n=value -- n]|[...] library.concat_and_call = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! local tname local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘concat_and_call’: No template name was provided', 0) end remove_numeric_keys(opts, 1, 1) ctx.text = ctx.frame:expandTemplate{ title = tname, args = concat_params(ctx) } return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:args|concat_and_invoke|module name|function name|[prepend -- 1]|[prepend 2]|[...]|[item n]|[named item 1=value 1]|[...]|[named -- item n=value n]|[...] library.concat_and_invoke = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! local mname, fname local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if mname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘concat_and_invoke’: No module name was provided', 0) end if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if fname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘concat_and_invoke’: No function name was provided', 0) end remove_numeric_keys(opts, 1, 2) local mfunc = require('Module:' .. mname)[fname] if mfunc == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘concat_and_invoke’: The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end ctx.text = mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild{ title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = concat_params(ctx) }) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:args|concat_and_magic|parser function|[prepend 1]|[prepend -- 2]|[...]|[item n]|[named item 1=value 1]|[...]|[named item n= -- value n]|[...] library.concat_and_magic = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! local magic local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if magic == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘concat_and_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end remove_numeric_keys(opts, 1, 1) ctx.text = ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, concat_params(ctx)) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|value_of|parameter name library.value_of = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` and `ctx.params` might be the original metatables! local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘value_of’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end local val local key = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' if key == '0' or key:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then key = tonumber(key) val = ctx.params[key] -- No worries: #ctx.params is unused when the modifier is in -- first position (and therefore `ctx.params` is a metatable) if val ~= nil and ( ctx.subset ~= -1 or key > #ctx.params or key < 1 ) and ( ctx.subset ~= 1 or (key <= #ctx.params and key > 0) ) then ctx.text = (ctx.header or '') .. val .. (ctx.footer or '') else ctx.text = ctx.ifngiven or '' end else val = ctx.params[key] if ctx.subset ~= 1 and val ~= nil then ctx.text = (ctx.header or '') .. val .. (ctx.footer or '') else ctx.text = ctx.ifngiven or '' end end return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|list library.list = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable! local ret, nss, kvs, pps = {}, 0, ctx.pairsep or '', ctx.itersep or '' flush_params(ctx, function (key, val) ret[nss + 1], ret[nss + 2], ret[nss + 3], ret[nss + 4], nss = pps, key, kvs, val, nss + 4 end) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 4) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|list_values library.list_values = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable! -- NOTE: `library.coins()` and `library.unique_coins()` rely on us local ret, nss, pps = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' flush_params(ctx, function (key, val) ret[nss + 1], ret[nss + 2], nss = pps, val, nss + 2 end) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|list_maybe_with_names library.list_maybe_with_names = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable! local ret, nss, kvs, pps = {}, 0, ctx.pairsep or '', ctx.itersep or '' mixed_flush_params( ctx, function (key, val) ret[nss + 1], ret[nss + 2], ret[nss + 3], ret[nss + 4], nss = pps, '', '', val, nss + 4 end, function (key, val) ret[nss + 1], ret[nss + 2], ret[nss + 3], ret[nss + 4], nss = pps, key, kvs, val, nss + 4 end ) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 4) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|coins|[first coin = value 1]|[second coin = value -- 2]|[...]|[last coin = value N] --[[ library.coins = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable! local opts, tbl = ctx.pipe, ctx.params for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = opts[get_parameter_name(val)] end return library.list_values(ctx) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|unique_coins|[first coin = value 1]|[second coin = -- value 2]|[...]|[last coin = value N] --[[ library.unique_coins = function (ctx) local tmp local opts, tbl = ctx.pipe, ctx.params for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tmp = get_parameter_name(val) tbl[key], opts[tmp] = opts[tmp], nil end return library.list_values(ctx) end ]] -- Syntax: #invoke:params|for_each|wikitext library.for_each = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable! local ret, nss, pps, txt = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '', ctx.pipe[1] or '' local skel, cnv, n_parts = parse_placeholder_string(txt) flush_params(ctx, function (key, val) for idx = 2, n_parts, 2 do if skel[idx] then cnv[idx] = val else cnv[idx] = tostring(key) end end ret[nss + 1], nss = pps, nss + 2 ret[nss] = table.concat(cnv) end) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|call_for_each|template name|[append 1]|[append 2] -- |[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param -- n=value n]|[...] library.call_for_each = function (ctx) local tname local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘call_for_each’: No template name was provided', 0) end local model = { title = tname, args = opts } local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' table.insert(opts, 1, true) flush_params(ctx, function (key, val) opts[1], opts[2], ret[nss + 1], nss = key, val, ccs, nss + 2 ret[nss] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model) end) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|invoke_for_each|module name|module function|[append -- 1]|[append 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...] -- |[named param n=value n]|[...] library.invoke_for_each = function (ctx) local mname, fname local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if mname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘invoke_for_each’: No module name was provided', 0) end if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if fname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘invoke_for_each’: No function name was provided', 0) end local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = opts } local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname] local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' flush_params(ctx, function (key, val) opts[1], opts[2], ret[nss + 1], nss = key, val, ccs, nss + 2 ret[nss] = mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model)) end) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|magic_for_each|parser function|[append 1]|[append 2] -- |[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param -- n=value n]|[...] library.magic_for_each = function (ctx) local magic local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if magic == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘magic_for_each’: No parser function was provided', 0) end local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' table.insert(opts, 1, true) flush_params(ctx, function (key, val) opts[1], opts[2], ret[nss + 1], nss = key, val, ccs, nss + 2 ret[nss] = ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, opts) end) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|call_for_each_value|template name|[append 1]|[append -- 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param -- n=value n]|[...] library.call_for_each_value = function (ctx) local tname local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘call_for_each_value’: No template name was provided', 0) end local model = { title = tname, args = opts } local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' flush_params(ctx, function (key, val) opts[1], ret[nss + 1], nss = val, ccs, nss + 2 ret[nss] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model) end) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|invoke_for_each_value|module name|[append 1]|[append -- 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param -- n=value n]|[...] library.invoke_for_each_value = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local mname, fname if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if mname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘invoke_for_each_value’: No module name was provided', 0) end if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if fname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘invoke_for_each_value’: No function name was provided', 0) end local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = opts } local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname] local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' remove_numeric_keys(opts, 1, 1) flush_params(ctx, function (key, val) opts[1], ret[nss + 1], nss = val, ccs, nss + 2 ret[nss] = mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model)) end) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|magic_for_each_value|parser function|[append 1] -- |[append 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named -- param n=value n]|[...] library.magic_for_each_value = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local magic if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if magic == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘magic_for_each_value’: No parser function was provided', 0) end local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' flush_params(ctx, function (key, val) opts[1], ret[nss + 1], nss = val, ccs, nss + 2 ret[nss] = ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, opts) end) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|call_for_each_group|template name|[append 1]|[append -- 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param -- n=value n]|[...] library.call_for_each_group = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` and `ctx.params` might be the original metatables! local tmp if ctx.pipe[1] ~= nil then tmp = ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tmp == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘call_for_each_group’: No template name was provided', 0) end local model = { title = tmp } local opts, ret, nss, ccs = {}, {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' for key, val in pairs(ctx.pipe) do if type(key) == 'number' then opts[key - 1] = val else opts[key] = val end end ctx.pipe = opts ctx.params = make_groups(ctx.params) flush_params(ctx, function (gid, group) for key, val in pairs(opts) do group[key] = val end group[0], model.args, ret[nss + 1], nss = gid, group, ccs, nss + 2 ret[nss] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model) end) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end --[[ First-position-only modifiers ]]-- --------------------------------------- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|new|pipe to static_iface.new = function (child_frame) local ctx = context_new(child_frame) ctx.pipe = copy_or_ref_table(ctx.opipe, false) ctx.params = {} main_loop(ctx, context_iterate(ctx, 1)) return ctx.text end --[[ First-position-only functions ]]-- --------------------------------------- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|self static_iface.self = function (frame) return frame:getParent():getTitle() end --[[ Public metatable of functions ]]-- --------------------------------------- return setmetatable({}, { __index = function (_, query) local fname = query:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if fname == nil then error(modulename .. ': You must specify a function to call', 0) end local func = static_iface[fname] if func ~= nil then return func end func = library[fname] if func == nil then error(modulename .. ': The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end return function (child_frame) local ctx = context_new(child_frame) ctx.pipe = copy_or_ref_table(ctx.opipe, refpipe[fname]) ctx.params = copy_or_ref_table(ctx.oparams, refparams[fname]) main_loop(ctx, func) return ctx.text end end }) k7hunt7fffv437xiwzvjjs3wxma2eww 3971903 3971889 2026-07-14T00:23:28Z Grufo 64423 Modulum redintegravi 3971903 Scribunto text/plain require[[strict]] --- --- --- PRIVATE ENVIRONMENT --- --- ________________________________ --- --- --- --[[ Abstract utilities ]]-- ---------------------------- -- Helper function for `string.gsub()` (for managing zero-padded numbers) local function zero_padded (str) return ('%03d%s'):format(#str, str) end -- Helper function for `table.sort()` (for natural sorting) local function natural_sort (var1, var2) return var1:gsub('%d+', zero_padded) < var2:gsub('%d+', zero_padded) end -- Return a copy or a reference to a table local function copy_or_ref_table (src, refonly) if refonly then return src end local newtab = {} for key, val in pairs(src) do newtab[key] = val end return newtab end -- Copy at most N items (of all kinds) from `src` to `dest` and return `dest` local function copy_table_maxn (dest, src, len) local idx = 1 for key, val in pairs(src) do dest[key], idx = val, idx + 1 if idx > len then break end end return dest end -- Remove some numeric elements from a table, shifting everything to the left local function remove_numeric_keys (tbl, idx, len) local cache, tmp = {}, idx + len - 1 for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' and key >= idx then if key > tmp then cache[key - len] = val end tbl[key] = nil end end for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end end -- Make a reduced copy of a table (shifting in both directions if necessary) local function copy_table_reduced (tbl, idx, len) local ret, tmp = {}, idx + len - 1 if idx > 0 then for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) ~= 'number' or key < idx then ret[key] = val elseif key > tmp then ret[key - len] = val end end elseif tmp > 0 then local nshift = 1 - idx for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) ~= 'number' then ret[key] = val elseif key > tmp then ret[key - tmp] = val elseif key < idx then ret[key + nshift] = val end end else for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) ~= 'number' or key > tmp then ret[key] = val elseif key < idx then ret[key + len] = val end end end return ret end -- Make an expanded copy of a table (shifting in both directions if necessary) local function copy_table_expanded (tbl, idx, len) local ret, tmp = {}, idx + len - 1 if idx > 0 then for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) ~= 'number' or key < idx then ret[key] = val else ret[key + len] = val end end elseif tmp > 0 then local nshift = idx - 1 for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) ~= 'number' then ret[key] = val elseif key > 0 then ret[key + tmp] = val elseif key < 1 then ret[key + nshift] = val end end else for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) ~= 'number' or key > tmp then ret[key] = val else ret[key - len] = val end end end return ret end -- Given a table, create two new tables containing the sorted list of keys local function get_key_list_sorted (tbl, sort_fn) local nums, words, nn, nw = {}, {}, 0, 0 for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then nn = nn + 1 nums[nn] = key else nw = nw + 1 words[nw] = key end end table.sort(nums) table.sort(words, sort_fn) return nums, words, nn, nw end -- Parse a parameter name string and return it as a string or a number local function get_parameter_name (par_str) local ret = par_str:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' if ret ~= '0' and ret:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' == nil then return ret end return tonumber(ret) end -- Move a key from a table to another, but only if under a different name and -- always parsing numeric strings as numbers local function steal_if_renamed (val, src, skey, dest, dkey) local realkey = get_parameter_name(dkey) if skey ~= realkey then dest[realkey], src[skey] = val, nil end end --[[ Public strings ]]-- ------------------------ -- Special match keywords (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names) local mkeywords = { ['or'] = 0, pattern = 1, plain = 2, strict = 3 } -- Sort functions (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names) local sortfunctions = { alphabetically = false, naturally = natural_sort } -- Callback styles for the `mapping_*` and `renaming_*` class of modifiers -- (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names) --[[ Meanings of the columns: col[1] = Loop type (0-3) col[2] = Number of module arguments that the style requires (1-3) col[3] = Minimum number of sequential parameters passed to the callback col[4] = Name of the callback parameter where to place each parameter name col[5] = Name of the callback parameter where to place each parameter value col[6] = Argument in the modifier's invocation that will override `col[4]` col[7] = Argument in the modifier's invocation that will override `col[5]` A value of `-1` indicates that no meaningful value is stored (i.e. `nil`) ]]-- local mapping_styles = { names_and_values = { 3, 2, 2, 1, 2, -1, -1 }, values_and_names = { 3, 2, 2, 2, 1, -1, -1 }, values_only = { 1, 2, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1 }, names_only = { 2, 2, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1 }, names_and_values_as = { 3, 4, 0, -1, -1, 2, 3 }, names_only_as = { 2, 3, 0, -1, -1, 2, -1 }, values_only_as = { 1, 3, 0, -1, -1, -1, 2 }, blindly = { 0, 2, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1 } } -- Memory slots (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names) local memoryslots = { h = 'header', f = 'footer', i = 'itersep', l = 'lastsep', n = 'ifngiven', p = 'pairsep', s = 'oxfordsep' } -- Possible trimming modes for the `parsing` modifier local trim_parse_opts = { trim_none = { false, false }, trim_positional = { false, true }, trim_named = { true, false }, trim_all = { true, true } } -- Possible string modes for the iteration separator in the `parsing` and -- `reinterpreting` modifiers local isep_parse_opts = { splitter_pattern = false, splitter_string = true } -- Possible string modes for the key-value separator in the `parsing` and -- `reinterpreting` modifiers local psep_parse_opts = { setter_pattern = false, setter_string = true } -- Possible position references for the `splicing` modifier local position_references = { add_nothing = 0, add_smallest_number = 1, add_last_of_sequence = 2, add_largest_number = 3 } -- Possible modes for the `reassigning` modifier local a_modes = { duplicate = 0, transfer = 1, provide = 2, spare = 3, sacrifice = 4 } -- Functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names too: `here`, `in_substack`, -- `let`, `expose`, `use`, `with_flushed_glue`, `without_flushed_glue` -- `without_sorting` --[[ Private constants ]]-- --------------------------- -- Hard-coded name of the module (to avoid going through `frame:getTitle()`) local modulename = 'Module:Params' -- The functions listed here declare that they don't need the `frame.args` -- metatable to be copied into a regular table; if they are modifiers they also -- guarantee that they will make their own (modified) copy available local refpipe = { call_for_each_group = true, --coins = true, count = true, evaluating = true, for_each = true, list = true, list_values = true, list_maybe_with_names = true, value_of = true } -- The functions listed here declare that they don't need the -- `frame:getParent().args` metatable to be copied into a regular table; if -- they are modifiers they also guarantee that they will make their own -- (modified) copy available local refparams = { call_for_each_group = true, combining = true, combining_by_calling = true, combining_values = true, concat_and_call = true, concat_and_invoke = true, concat_and_magic = true, count = true, grouping_by_calling = true, mixing_names_and_values = true, keeping_at_most = true, renaming_by_mixing = true, renaming_to_sequence = true, renaming_to_uppercase = true, renaming_to_lowercase = true, --renaming_to_values = true, shifting = true, splicing = true, --swapping_names_and_values = true, value_of = true, with_name_matching = true } -- Maximum number of numeric parameters that can be filled, if missing (we -- chose an arbitrary number for this constant; you can discuss about its -- optimal value at Module talk:Params) local maxfill = 1024 -- The private table of functions local library = {} -- Functions and modifiers that can only be invoked in first position local static_iface = {} --[[ Private functions ]]-- --------------------------- -- Create a new context local function context_new (child_frame) local main_frame = child_frame:getParent() return { frame = main_frame, opipe = child_frame.args, oparams = main_frame.args, firstposonly = static_iface, iterfunc = pairs, sorttype = 0, n_parents = 0, n_children = 0, n_available = maxfill } end -- Move to the next action within the user-given list local function context_iterate (ctx, n_forward) local nextfn if ctx.pipe[n_forward] ~= nil then nextfn = ctx.pipe[n_forward]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if nextfn == nil then error(modulename .. ': You must specify a function to call', 0) end if library[nextfn] == nil then if ctx.firstposonly[nextfn] == nil then error(modulename .. ': The function ‘' .. nextfn .. '’ does not exist', 0) else error(modulename .. ': The ‘' .. nextfn .. '’ directive can only appear in first position', 0) end end remove_numeric_keys(ctx.pipe, 1, n_forward) return library[nextfn] end -- Main loop local function main_loop (ctx, start_with) local fn = start_with repeat fn = fn(ctx) until not fn if ctx.n_parents > 0 then error(modulename .. ': One or more ‘merging_substack’ directives are missing', 0) end if ctx.n_children > 0 then error(modulename .. ', For some of the snapshots either the ‘flushing’ directive is missing or a group has not been properly closed with ‘merging_substack’', 0) end end -- Load a `setting`-like directive string into the `dest` table local function set_strings_from_opts (dest, opts, start_from) local cmd if opts[start_from] == nil then return start_from - 1 end cmd = opts[start_from]:gsub('%s+', ''):gsub('/+', '/') :match'^/*(.*[^/])' if cmd == nil then return start_from end local vname, chr local amap, sep, argc = {}, string.byte('/'), start_from + 1 for idx = 1, #cmd do chr = cmd:byte(idx) if chr == sep then for key, val in ipairs(amap) do dest[val], amap[key] = opts[argc], nil end argc = argc + 1 else vname = memoryslots[string.char(chr)] if vname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘setting’: Unknown slot ‘' .. string.char(chr) .. '’', 0) end table.insert(amap, vname) end end for key, val in ipairs(amap) do dest[val] = opts[argc] end return argc end -- Add a new stack of parameters to `ctx.children` local function new_substack (ctx) local currsnap, newparams = ctx.n_children + 1, {} if ctx.children == nil then ctx.children = { newparams } else ctx.children[currsnap] = newparams end ctx.n_children = currsnap return newparams end -- Parse a raw argument containing a `sortfunctions` directive, or -- `'without_sorting'`, or `nil` local function load_sort_opt (raw_arg) if raw_arg == nil then return nil, 1, false end local trarg = raw_arg:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' if trarg == 'without_sorting' then return nil, 2, false, trarg end local tmp = sortfunctions[trarg] if tmp == nil then return nil, 1, false, trarg end return tmp or nil, 2, true, trarg end -- Parse optional user arguments of type `...|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]| -- [number of additional parameters]|[parameter 1]|[parameter 2]|[...]` local function load_child_opts (src, start_from, append_after, params) local tnamed, tmp1, tmp2 local pin, tbl, mem = start_from, {}, {} while src[pin] ~= nil and src[pin + 1] ~= nil do tmp1 = src[pin]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if tmp1 == 'let' and src[pin + 2] ~= nil then tmp1 = get_parameter_name(src[pin + 1]) mem[tmp1], tbl[tmp1], pin = nil, src[pin + 2], pin + 3 --[[ elseif tmp1 == 'expose' then tmp1 = get_parameter_name(src[pin + 1]) tmp2 = params[tmp1] mem[tmp1], tbl[tmp1], pin = tmp2, tmp2, pin + 2 ]]-- elseif tmp1 == 'use' and src[pin + 2] ~= nil then tmp1 = get_parameter_name(src[pin + 2]) tmp2 = params[tmp1] mem[tmp1], tbl[get_parameter_name(src[pin + 1])], pin = tmp2, tmp2, pin + 3 else break end end local tnew = copy_or_ref_table(params, next(mem) == nil) for key in pairs(mem) do tnew[key] = nil end if pin ~= start_from then tnamed, tbl = tbl, {} end tmp1 = tonumber(src[pin]) if tmp1 ~= nil and math.floor(tmp1) == tmp1 then if tmp1 < 0 then tmp1 = -1 end tmp2 = append_after - pin for idx = pin + 1, pin + tmp1 do tbl[idx + tmp2] = src[idx] end pin = pin + tmp1 + 1 end if tnamed ~= nil then for key, val in pairs(tnamed) do tbl[key] = val end end return tbl, pin, tnew, mem end -- Load the optional arguments of some of the `mapping_*` and `renaming_*` -- class of modifiers local function load_callback_opts (src, n_skip, default_style, params) local style, shf local tmp = src[n_skip + 1] if tmp ~= nil then style = mapping_styles[tmp:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'] end if style == nil then style, shf = default_style, n_skip - 1 else shf = n_skip end local n_exist, karg, varg = style[3], style[4], style[5] tmp = style[6] if tmp > -1 then karg = src[tmp + shf]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' if karg == '0' or karg:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then karg = tonumber(karg) n_exist = math.max(n_exist, karg) end end tmp = style[7] if tmp > -1 then varg = src[tmp + shf]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' if varg == '0' or varg:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then varg = tonumber(varg) n_exist = math.max(n_exist, varg) end end local dest, argc, tnew, mem = load_child_opts(src, style[2] + shf, n_exist, params) tmp = style[1] if (tmp == 3 or tmp == 2) and dest[karg] ~= nil then tmp = tmp - 2 end if (tmp == 3 or tmp == 1) and dest[varg] ~= nil then tmp = tmp - 1 end return dest, argc, tmp, karg, varg, tnew, mem end -- Parse the arguments of some of the `mapping_*` and `renaming_*` class of -- modifiers local function load_replace_args (opts, whoami) if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No pattern string was given', 0) end if opts[2] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No replacement string was given', 0) end local ptn, repl, nmax, argc = opts[1], opts[2], tonumber(opts[3]), 3 if nmax ~= nil or (opts[3] or ''):match'^%s*$' ~= nil then argc = 4 end local flg = opts[argc] if flg ~= nil then flg = mkeywords[flg:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'] end if flg == 0 then flg = nil elseif flg ~= nil then argc = argc + 1 end return ptn, repl, nmax, flg, argc, (nmax ~= nil and nmax < 1) or (flg == 3 and ptn == repl) end -- Parse the arguments of the `with_*_matching` class of modifiers local function load_pattern_args (opts, whoami) local keyw local ptns, state, nptns, cnt = {}, 0, 0, 1 for _, val in ipairs(opts) do if state == 0 then nptns, state = nptns + 1, -1 ptns[nptns] = { val, false, false } else keyw = val:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if keyw == nil or mkeywords[keyw] == nil or ( state > 0 and mkeywords[keyw] > 0 ) then break else state = mkeywords[keyw] if state > 1 then ptns[nptns][2] = true end if state == 3 then ptns[nptns][3] = true end end end cnt = cnt + 1 end if state == 0 then error(modulename .. ', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No pattern was given', 0) end return ptns, nptns, cnt end -- Load the optional arguments of the `parsing`, `reinterpreting` and -- `evaluating` modifiers local function load_parse_opts (opts, start_from, isp, psp) local tmp local optslots, noptslots, argc, trimn, trimu, iplain, pplain = { true, true, true }, 3, start_from, true, false, true, true repeat noptslots, tmp = noptslots - 1, opts[argc] if tmp == nil then break end tmp = tmp:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' if optslots[1] ~= nil and trim_parse_opts[tmp] ~= nil then tmp = trim_parse_opts[tmp] trimn, trimu, optslots[1] = tmp[1], tmp[2], nil elseif optslots[2] ~= nil and isep_parse_opts[tmp] ~= nil then argc = argc + 1 iplain, isp, optslots[2] = isep_parse_opts[tmp], opts[argc], nil elseif optslots[3] ~= nil and psep_parse_opts[tmp] ~= nil then argc = argc + 1 pplain, psp, optslots[3] = psep_parse_opts[tmp], opts[argc], nil else break end argc = argc + 1 until noptslots < 1 return isp, iplain, psp, pplain, trimn, trimu, argc end -- Map parameters' values using a custom callback and a referenced table local value_maps = { [0] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn) for key in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = fn() end end, [1] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do margs[varg] = val tbl[key] = fn() end end, [2] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn) for key in pairs(tbl) do margs[karg] = key tbl[key] = fn() end end, [3] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do margs[karg], margs[varg] = key, val tbl[key] = fn() end end } -- Private table for `map_names()` local name_thieves = { [0] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn()) end end, [1] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do rargs[varg] = val steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn()) end end, [2] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do rargs[karg] = key steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn()) end end, [3] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do rargs[karg], rargs[varg] = key, val steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn()) end end } -- Map parameters' names using a custom callback and a referenced table local function map_names (tbl, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, fn) local cache = {} name_thieves[looptype](cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end end -- Return a new table that contains `src` regrouped according to the numeric -- suffixes in its keys local function make_groups (src) -- NOTE: `src` might be the original metatable! local prefix, gid local groups = {} for key, val in pairs(src) do -- `key` must only be a string or a number... if type(key) == 'string' then prefix, gid = key:match'^%s*(.-)%s*(%-?%d*)%s*$' gid = tonumber(gid) or '' else prefix, gid = '', key end if groups[gid] == nil then groups[gid] = {} end if prefix == '0' or prefix:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then prefix = tonumber(prefix) if prefix < 1 then prefix = prefix - 1 end end groups[gid][prefix] = val end return groups end -- Split into parts a string containing the `$#` and `$@` placeholders and -- return the information as a skeleton table, a canvas table and a length local function parse_placeholder_string (target) local idx, s_pos, skel, canvas = 1, 1, {}, {} local e_pos = string.find(target, '%$[@#]', 1, false) while e_pos ~= nil do canvas[idx] = target:sub(s_pos, e_pos - 1) skel[idx + 1] = target:sub(e_pos, e_pos + 1) == '$@' idx = idx + 2 s_pos = e_pos + 2 e_pos = string.find(target, '%$[@#]', s_pos, false) end if (s_pos > target:len()) then idx = idx - 1 else canvas[idx] = target:sub(s_pos) end return skel, canvas, idx end -- Populate a table by parsing a parameter string (heavy lifting for `parsing`, -- `reinterpreting` and `evaluating`) local function parse_parameter_string (tbl, str, isp, ipl, psp, ppl, trn, tru) local key, val, spos1, spos2, pos1, pos2 local pos3, idx, lenplone = 0, 1, #str + 1 if isp == nil or isp == '' then if psp == nil or psp == '' then if tru then tbl[idx] = str:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' else tbl[idx] = str end return idx end spos1, spos2 = str:find(psp, 1, ppl) if spos1 == nil then key = idx if tru then val = str:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' else val = str end idx = idx + 1 else key = get_parameter_name(str:sub(1, spos1 - 1)) val = str:sub(spos2 + 1) if trn then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end end tbl[key] = val return idx end if psp == nil or psp == '' then repeat pos1 = pos3 + 1 pos2, pos3 = str:find(isp, pos1, ipl) val = str:sub(pos1, (pos2 or lenplone) - 1) if tru then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end tbl[idx], idx = val, idx + 1 until pos2 == nil return idx end repeat pos1 = pos3 + 1 pos2, pos3 = str:find(isp, pos1, ipl) val = str:sub(pos1, (pos2 or lenplone) - 1) spos1, spos2 = val:find(psp, 1, ppl) if spos1 == nil then key = idx if tru then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end idx = idx + 1 else key = get_parameter_name(val:sub(1, spos1 - 1)) val = val:sub(spos2 + 1) if trn then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end end tbl[key] = val until pos2 == nil return idx end -- Heavy lifting for `snapshotting` and `remembering` local function make_child (ctx, src, whoami) local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1]) if len == nil or len == 0 then local stack = new_substack(ctx) for key, val in pairs(src) do stack[key] = val end return len == nil and 1 or 2 end if len < 0 or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename .. ', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: The number of parameters to copy must be an integer greater than zero', 0) end copy_table_maxn(new_substack(ctx), src, len) return 2 end -- Heavy lifting for `setting_by_flushing`, `combining` and `combining_values` local function set_strings_from_substack (ctx, dest, whoami) if ctx.n_children < 1 then error(modulename .. ', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: There are no substacks to flush', 0) end local currsnap = ctx.n_children local stack = ctx.children[currsnap] for key, val in pairs(memoryslots) do if stack[key] ~= nil then dest[val] = stack[key] end end ctx.children[currsnap], ctx.n_children = nil, currsnap - 1 end -- Heavy lifting for `combining` and `combining_values` local function combine_parameters (ctx, keyval_fn, whoami) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! This function -- MUST create a copy of it before returning local opts = ctx.pipe if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end local argc local tbl, vars = ctx.params, {} local sortfn, varsarg0, do_sort, tmp = load_sort_opt(opts[2]) if varsarg0 == 2 then tmp = opts[3] and opts[3]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end if tmp == 'with_flushed_glue' then varsarg0 = varsarg0 + 1 argc = set_strings_from_opts(vars, opts, varsarg0 + 1) set_strings_from_substack(ctx, vars, whoami) else if tmp == 'without_flushed_glue' then varsarg0 = varsarg0 + 1 end argc = set_strings_from_opts(vars, opts, varsarg0 + 1) end if argc < varsarg0 then error(modulename .. ', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No setting directive was given', 0) end if next(tbl) == nil then if vars.ifngiven ~= nil then ctx.params = { [get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])] = vars.ifngiven } elseif tbl == ctx.oparams then ctx.params = {} end return argc end local cache, len if do_sort then local words cache, words, len, tmp = get_key_list_sorted(tbl, sortfn) for idx = 1, tmp do cache[len + idx] = words[idx] end len = len + tmp else len, cache = 0, {} for key in pairs(tbl) do len = len + 1 cache[len] = key end end local pmap, nss, kvs, pps = {}, 0, vars.pairsep or '', vars.itersep or '' for idx = 1, len do tmp, pmap[nss + 1] = cache[idx], pps pmap[nss + 2] = keyval_fn(tmp, tbl[tmp], kvs) nss = nss + 2 end tmp = vars.oxfordsep or vars.lastsep if tmp ~= nil and nss > 4 then pmap[nss - 1] = tmp elseif nss > 2 and vars.lastsep ~= nil then pmap[nss - 1] = vars.lastsep end pmap[1] = vars.header or '' if vars.footer ~= nil then pmap[nss + 1] = vars.footer end ctx.params = { [get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])] = table.concat(pmap) } return argc end -- Concatenate the numeric keys from the table of parameters to the numeric -- keys from the table of options; non-numeric keys from the table of options -- will prevail over colliding non-numeric keys from the table of parameters local function concat_params (ctx) local retval, tbl, nmax = {}, ctx.params, table.maxn(ctx.pipe) if ctx.subset == 1 then -- We need only the sequence for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do retval[key + nmax] = val end else if ctx.subset == -1 then for key in ipairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = nil end end for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' and key > 0 then retval[key + nmax] = val else retval[key] = val end end end for key, val in pairs(ctx.pipe) do retval[key] = val end return retval end -- Flush the parameters by calling a custom function for each value (after this -- function has been invoked `ctx.params` will be no longer usable) local function flush_params (ctx, fn) local tbl = ctx.params if ctx.subset == 1 then for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do fn(key, val) end return end if ctx.subset == -1 then for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = nil end end if ctx.sorttype > 0 then local nums, words, nn, nw = get_key_list_sorted(tbl, natural_sort) if ctx.sorttype == 2 then for idx = 1, nw do fn(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end for idx = 1, nn do fn(nums[idx], tbl[nums[idx]]) end return end for idx = 1, nn do fn(nums[idx], tbl[nums[idx]]) end for idx = 1, nw do fn(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end return end if ctx.subset ~= -1 then for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do fn(key, val) tbl[key] = nil end end for key, val in pairs(tbl) do fn(key, val) end end -- Flush the parameters by calling one of two custom functions for each value -- (after this function has been invoked `ctx.params` will be no longer usable) local function mixed_flush_params (ctx, fn_seq, fn_oth) if ctx.subset == 1 then for key, val in ipairs(ctx.params) do fn_seq(key, val) end return end if ctx.subset == -1 then flush_params(ctx, fn_oth) return end local tbl = ctx.params if ctx.sorttype > 0 then local nums, words, nn, nw = get_key_list_sorted(tbl, natural_sort) local sequence = {} for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do sequence[key] = val end if ctx.sorttype == 2 then for idx = 1, nw do fn_oth(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end end for idx = 1, nn do if sequence[nums[idx]] then fn_seq(nums[idx], sequence[nums[idx]]) else fn_oth(nums[idx], tbl[nums[idx]]) end end if ctx.sorttype ~= 2 then for idx = 1, nw do fn_oth(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end end return end for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do fn_seq(key, val) tbl[key] = nil end for key, val in pairs(tbl) do fn_oth(key, val) end end -- Finalize and return a concatenated list local function finalize_and_return_concatenated_list (ctx, lst, len, modsize) if len > 0 then local tmp = ctx.oxfordsep or ctx.lastsep if tmp ~= nil and len > modsize * 2 then lst[len - modsize + 1] = tmp elseif len > modsize and ctx.lastsep ~= nil then lst[len - modsize + 1] = ctx.lastsep end lst[1] = ctx.header or '' if ctx.footer ~= nil then lst[len + 1] = ctx.footer end ctx.text = table.concat(lst) else ctx.text = ctx.ifngiven or '' end end --- --- --- PUBLIC ENVIRONMENT --- --- ________________________________ --- --- --- --[[ Modifiers ]]-- ------------------- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|sequential|pipe to library.sequential = function (ctx) if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘sequential’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end if ctx.subset == -1 then error(modulename .. ': The two directives ‘non-sequential’ and ‘sequential’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end if ctx.sorttype > 0 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘all_sorted’ and ‘reassorted’ directives are redundant when followed by ‘sequential’', 0) end ctx.iterfunc, ctx.subset = ipairs, 1 return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|non-sequential|pipe to library['non-sequential'] = function (ctx) if ctx.subset == -1 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘non-sequential’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename .. ': The two directives ‘sequential’ and ‘non-sequential’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end ctx.iterfunc, ctx.subset = pairs, -1 return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|all_sorted|pipe to library.all_sorted = function (ctx) if ctx.sorttype == 1 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘all_sorted’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘all_sorted’ directive is redundant after ‘sequential’', 0) end if ctx.sorttype == 2 then error(modulename .. ': The two directives ‘reassorted’ and ‘sequential’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end ctx.sorttype = 1 return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|reassorted|pipe to library.reassorted = function (ctx) if ctx.sorttype == 2 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘reassorted’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘reassorted’ directive is redundant after ‘sequential’', 0) end if ctx.sorttype == 1 then error(modulename .. ': The two directives ‘sequential’ and ‘reassorted’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end ctx.sorttype = 2 return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|setting|directives|...|pipe to library.setting = function (ctx) local argc = set_strings_from_opts(ctx, ctx.pipe, 1) if argc < 2 then error(modulename .. ', ‘setting’: No directive was given', 0) end return context_iterate(ctx, argc + 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|scoring|new parameter name|[container]|pipe to library.scoring = function (ctx) if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘scoring’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end local tmp local retval, opts = 0, ctx.pipe for _ in pairs(ctx.params) do retval = retval + 1 end if opts[2] ~= nil then tmp = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tmp == 'in_substack' then new_substack(ctx)[get_parameter_name(opts[1])] = tostring(retval) return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end ctx.params[get_parameter_name(opts[1])] = tostring(retval) return context_iterate(ctx, tmp == 'here' and 3 or 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|squeezing|pipe to library.squeezing = function (ctx) local store, indices, tbl, newlen = {}, {}, ctx.params, 0 for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then newlen = newlen + 1 indices[newlen], store[key], tbl[key] = key, val, nil end end table.sort(indices) for idx = 1, newlen do tbl[idx] = store[indices[idx]] end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|filling_the_gaps|pipe to library.filling_the_gaps = function (ctx) local newval, tbl, tmp, nmin, nmax, nnums = ctx.pipe[1], ctx.params, {}, 1, nil, -1 if newval == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘filling_the_gaps’: No value was provided', 0) end for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then if nmax == nil then if key < nmin then nmin = key end nmax = key elseif key > nmax then nmax = key elseif key < nmin then nmin = key end tmp[key], nnums = val, nnums + 1 end end if nmax ~= nil and nmax - nmin > nnums then ctx.n_available = ctx.n_available + nmin + nnums - nmax if ctx.n_available < 0 then error(modulename .. ', ‘filling_the_gaps’: It is possible to fill at most ' .. tostring(maxfill) .. ' parameters', 0) end for idx = nmin, nmax, 1 do tbl[idx] = newval end for key, val in pairs(tmp) do tbl[key] = val end end return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|clearing|pipe to library.clearing = function (ctx) local tbl, numerics = ctx.params, {} for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then numerics[key], tbl[key] = val, nil end end for key, val in ipairs(numerics) do tbl[key] = val end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|cutting|left cut|right cut|pipe to library.cutting = function (ctx) local lcut = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1]) if lcut == nil or math.floor(lcut) ~= lcut then error(modulename .. ', ‘cutting’: Left cut must be an integer number', 0) end local rcut = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2]) if rcut == nil or math.floor(rcut) ~= rcut then error(modulename .. ', ‘cutting’: Right cut must be an integer number', 0) end local tbl = ctx.params local len = #tbl if lcut < 0 then lcut = len + lcut end if rcut < 0 then rcut = len + rcut end local tot = lcut + rcut if tot > 0 then local cache = {} if tot >= len then for key in ipairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = nil end tot = len else for idx = len - rcut + 1, len, 1 do tbl[idx] = nil end for idx = 1, lcut, 1 do tbl[idx] = nil end end for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' and key > 0 then if key > len then cache[key - tot] = val else cache[key - lcut] = val end tbl[key] = nil end end for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end end return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|cropping|left crop|right crop|pipe to library.cropping = function (ctx) local lcut = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1]) if lcut == nil or math.floor(lcut) ~= lcut then error(modulename .. ', ‘cropping’: Left crop must be an integer number', 0) end local rcut = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2]) if rcut == nil or math.floor(rcut) ~= rcut then error(modulename .. ', ‘cropping’: Right crop must be an integer number', 0) end local tbl = ctx.params local nmin, nmax for key in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then if nmin == nil then nmin, nmax = key, key elseif key > nmax then nmax = key elseif key < nmin then nmin = key end end end if nmin ~= nil then local len = nmax - nmin + 1 if lcut < 0 then lcut = len + lcut end if rcut < 0 then rcut = len + rcut end if lcut + rcut - len > -1 then for key in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then tbl[key] = nil end end elseif lcut + rcut > 0 then for idx = nmax - rcut + 1, nmax do tbl[idx] = nil end for idx = nmin, nmin + lcut - 1 do tbl[idx] = nil end local lshift = nmin + lcut - 1 if lshift > 0 then for idx = lshift + 1, nmax, 1 do tbl[idx - lshift], tbl[idx] = tbl[idx], nil end end end end return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|purging|start offset|length|pipe to library.purging = function (ctx) local idx = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1]) if idx == nil or math.floor(idx) ~= idx then error(modulename .. ', ‘purging’: Start offset must be an integer number', 0) end local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2]) if len == nil or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename .. ', ‘purging’: Length must be an integer number', 0) end local tbl = ctx.params if len < 1 then len = len + table.maxn(tbl) if idx > len then return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end len = len - idx + 1 end ctx.params = copy_table_reduced(tbl, idx, len) return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|backpurging|start offset|length|pipe to library.backpurging = function (ctx) local last = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1]) if last == nil or math.floor(last) ~= last then error(modulename .. ', ‘backpurging’: Start offset must be an integer number', 0) end local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2]) if len == nil or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename .. ', ‘backpurging’: Length must be an integer number', 0) end local idx local tbl = ctx.params if len > 0 then idx = last - len + 1 else for key in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' and (idx == nil or key < idx) then idx = key end end if idx == nil then return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end idx = idx - len if last < idx then return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end len = last - idx + 1 end ctx.params = copy_table_reduced(ctx.params, idx, len) return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|shifting|addend|pipe to library.shifting = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local nshift = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1]) if nshift == nil or nshift == 0 or math.floor(nshift) ~= nshift then error(modulename .. ', ‘shifting’: A non-zero integer number must be provided', 0) end local tbl = {} for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do if type(key) == 'number' then tbl[key + nshift] = val else tbl[key] = val end end ctx.params = tbl return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|reversing_numeric_names|pipe to library.reversing_numeric_names = function (ctx) local tbl, numerics, nmax = ctx.params, {}, 0 for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then numerics[key], tbl[key] = val, nil if key > nmax then nmax = key end end end for key, val in pairs(numerics) do tbl[nmax - key + 1] = val end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|pivoting_numeric_names|pipe to --[[ library.pivoting_numeric_names = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params local shift = #tbl + 1 if shift < 2 then return library.reversing_numeric_names(ctx) end local numerics = {} for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then numerics[key] = val tbl[key] = nil end end for key, val in pairs(numerics) do tbl[shift - key] = val end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mirroring_numeric_names|pipe to --[[ library.mirroring_numeric_names = function (ctx) local nmax, nmin local tbl, numerics = ctx.params, {} for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then numerics[key] = val tbl[key] = nil if nmax == nil then nmin, nmax = key, key elseif key > nmax then nmax = key elseif key < nmin then nmin = key end end end for key, val in pairs(numerics) do tbl[nmax + nmin - key] = val end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|swapping_numeric_names|pipe to --[[ library.swapping_numeric_names = function (ctx) local tmp local tbl, cache, nsize = ctx.params, {}, 0 for key in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then nsize = nsize + 1 cache[nsize] = key end end table.sort(cache) for idx = math.floor(nsize / 2), 1, -1 do tmp = tbl[cache[idx] ] tbl[cache[idx] ] = tbl[cache[nsize - idx + 1] ] tbl[cache[nsize - idx + 1] ] = tmp end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|sorting_sequential_values|[criterion]|pipe to library.sorting_sequential_values = function (ctx) local sortfn if ctx.pipe[1] ~= nil then sortfn = sortfunctions[ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'] end if sortfn then table.sort(ctx.params, sortfn) else table.sort(ctx.params) end -- i.e. either `false` or `nil` if sortfn == nil then return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|splicing|[add to position]|position|increment| -- [number of elements to write]|...|pipe to library.splicing = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local tmp2, argc, pos, refp local opts, tbl = ctx.pipe, ctx.params local tmp1 = opts[1] if tmp1 ~= nil then tmp2 = tonumber(tmp1) if tmp2 == nil or math.floor(tmp2) ~= tmp2 then pos, argc, tmp2 = tonumber(opts[2]), 4, tmp1:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if tmp2 ~= nil then refp = position_references[tmp2] if refp == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘splicing’: ‘' .. tostring(tmp2) .. '’ is not a valid first argument', 0) end else refp = 0 end else pos, argc, refp = tmp2, 3, 0 end else pos, argc, refp = tonumber(opts[2]), 4, 0 end if pos == nil or math.floor(pos) ~= pos then error(modulename .. ', ‘splicing’: The position must be an integer number', 0) end local len = tonumber(opts[argc - 1]) if len == nil or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename .. ', ‘splicing’: The increment must be an integer number', 0) end if refp == 2 then for _ in ipairs(tbl) do pos = pos + 1 end refp = 0 end tmp1, tmp2 = nil, nil if refp ~= 0 or len ~= 0 then for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then if tmp1 == nil then tmp1, tmp2 = key, key elseif key < tmp1 then tmp1 = key elseif key > tmp2 then tmp2 = key end end end end if tmp2 == nil then len = 0 elseif refp == 3 then pos = pos + tmp2 elseif refp == 1 then pos = pos + tmp1 end if len > 0 and pos + len > tmp1 and pos <= tmp2 then tbl = copy_table_expanded(tbl, pos, len) elseif len < 0 and pos - len > tmp1 and pos <= tmp2 then tbl = copy_table_reduced(tbl, pos, -len) else tbl = copy_or_ref_table(tbl, tbl ~= ctx.oparams) end ctx.params = tbl tmp1 = tonumber(opts[argc]) if len == 0 and (tmp1 == nil or tmp1 < 1) then error(modulename .. ', ‘splicing’: When the increment is zero the number of elements to add cannot be zero', 0) end if tmp1 == nil or tmp1 < 0 or math.floor(tmp1) ~= tmp1 then return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end tmp2 = argc - pos + 1 for key = pos, pos + tmp1 - 1 do tbl[key] = opts[key + tmp2] end return context_iterate(ctx, argc + tmp1 + 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|imposing|name|value|pipe to library.imposing = function (ctx) if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘imposing’: Missing parameter name to impose', 0) end ctx.params[get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])] = ctx.pipe[2] return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|providing|name|value|pipe to library.providing = function (ctx) if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘providing’: Missing parameter name to provide', 0) end local key = get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1]) if ctx.params[key] == nil then ctx.params[key] = ctx.pipe[2] end return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|reassigning|source|destination|[mode]|pipe to library.reassigning = function (ctx) local opts, tbl = ctx.pipe, ctx.params if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘reassigning’: Missing source parameter', 0) end if opts[2] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘reassigning’: Missing destination parameter', 0) end local mode local src = get_parameter_name(opts[1]) local val = tbl[src] if opts[3] ~= nil then mode = a_modes[opts[3]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'] end local argc = mode == nil and 3 or 4 if val == nil then return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end local dest = get_parameter_name(opts[2]) if mode == 1 or mode == 4 or (mode == 3 and tbl[dest] == nil) then tbl[src] = nil end if mode == nil or mode < 2 or tbl[dest] == nil then tbl[dest] = val end return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|discarding|name|[how many]|pipe to library.discarding = function (ctx) if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘discarding’: Missing parameter name to discard', 0) end local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2]) if len == nil then ctx.params[get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])] = nil return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end local key = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1]) if key == nil or math.floor(key) ~= key then error(modulename .. ', ‘discarding’: A range was provided, but the initial parameter name is not an integer number', 0) end if len < 1 or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename .. ', ‘discarding’: A range can only be an integer number greater than zero', 0) end for idx = key, key + len - 1 do ctx.params[idx] = nil end return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|excluding_non-numeric_names|pipe to library['excluding_non-numeric_names'] = function (ctx) local tmp = ctx.params for key, val in pairs(tmp) do if type(key) ~= 'number' then tmp[key] = nil end end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|excluding_numeric_names|pipe to library.excluding_numeric_names = function (ctx) local tmp = ctx.params for key, val in pairs(tmp) do if type(key) == 'number' then tmp[key] = nil end end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|with_name_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1]|[or] -- |[target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[or]|[...]|[target N]|[plain flag -- N]|pipe to library.with_name_matching = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local tmp, ptn local targets, nptns, argc = load_pattern_args(ctx.pipe, 'with_name_matching') local tbl, newparams = ctx.params, {} for idx = 1, nptns do ptn = targets[idx] if ptn[3] then tmp = ptn[1] if tmp == '0' or tmp:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then tmp = tonumber(tmp) end newparams[tmp] = tbl[tmp] else for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if tostring(key):find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then newparams[key] = val end end end end ctx.params = newparams return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|with_name_not_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1] -- |[and]|[target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[and]|[...]|[target N]|[plain -- flag N]|pipe to library.with_name_not_matching = function (ctx) local targets, nptns, argc = load_pattern_args(ctx.pipe, 'with_name_not_matching') local tbl = ctx.params if nptns == 1 and targets[1][3] then local tmp = targets[1][1] if tmp == '0' or tmp:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then tbl[tonumber(tmp)] = nil else tbl[tmp] = nil end return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end local yesmatch, ptn for key in pairs(tbl) do yesmatch = true for idx = 1, nptns do ptn = targets[idx] if ptn[3] then if tostring(key) ~= ptn[1] then yesmatch = false break end elseif not tostring(key):find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then yesmatch = false break end end if yesmatch then tbl[key] = nil end end return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|with_value_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1]|[or] -- |[target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[or]|[...]|[target N]|[plain flag -- N]|pipe to library.with_value_matching = function (ctx) local nomatch, ptn local tbl = ctx.params local targets, nptns, argc = load_pattern_args(ctx.pipe, 'with_value_matching') for key, val in pairs(tbl) do nomatch = true for idx = 1, nptns do ptn = targets[idx] if ptn[3] then if val == ptn[1] then nomatch = false break end elseif val:find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then nomatch = false break end end if nomatch then tbl[key] = nil end end return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|with_value_not_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1] -- |[and]|[target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[and]|[...]|[target N]|[plain -- flag N]|pipe to library.with_value_not_matching = function (ctx) local yesmatch, ptn local tbl = ctx.params local targets, nptns, argc = load_pattern_args(ctx.pipe, 'with_value_not_matching') for key, val in pairs(tbl) do yesmatch = true for idx = 1, nptns do ptn = targets[idx] if ptn[3] then if val ~= ptn[1] then yesmatch = false break end elseif not val:find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then yesmatch = false break end end if yesmatch then tbl[key] = nil end end return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|keeping_at_most|number of parameters to pick|pipe to library.keeping_at_most = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1]) if len == nil or len < 1 or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename .. ', ‘keeping_at_most’: The number of parameters to keep must be an integer greater than zero', 0) end ctx.params = copy_table_maxn({}, ctx.params, len) return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|trimming_values|pipe to library.trimming_values = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_to_lowercase|pipe to library.mapping_to_lowercase = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = val:lower() end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_to_uppercase|pipe to library.mapping_to_uppercase = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = val:upper() end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_by_calling|template name|[call -- style]|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of additional -- parameters]|[parameter 1]|[parameter 2]|[...]|[parameter N]|pipe to library.mapping_by_calling = function (ctx) local tname local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end local margs, argc, looptype, karg, varg, tbl, mem = load_callback_opts(opts, 1, mapping_styles.values_only, ctx.params) local model = { title = tname, args = margs } value_maps[looptype](tbl, margs, karg, varg, function () return ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model) end) for key, val in pairs(mem) do tbl[key] = val end ctx.params = tbl return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_by_invoking|module name|function name|[call -- style]|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of additional -- arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to library.mapping_by_invoking = function (ctx) local mname, fname local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if mname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: No module name was provided', 0) end if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if fname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: No function name was provided', 0) end local margs, argc, looptype, karg, varg, tbl, mem = load_callback_opts(opts, 2, mapping_styles.values_only, ctx.params) local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = margs } local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname] if mfunc == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end value_maps[looptype](tbl, margs, karg, varg, function () return tostring(mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model))) end) for key, val in pairs(mem) do tbl[key] = val end ctx.params = tbl return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_by_magic|parser function|[call -- style]|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of additional -- arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to library.mapping_by_magic = function (ctx) local magic local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if magic == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end local margs, argc, looptype, karg, varg, tbl, mem = load_callback_opts(opts, 1, mapping_styles.values_only, ctx.params) value_maps[looptype](tbl, margs, karg, varg, function () return ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, margs) end) for key, val in pairs(mem) do tbl[key] = val end ctx.params = tbl return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_by_replacing|target|replace|[count]|[plain -- flag]|pipe to library.mapping_by_replacing = function (ctx) local ptn, repl, nmax, flg, argc, die = load_replace_args(ctx.pipe, 'mapping_by_replacing') if die then return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end local tbl = ctx.params if flg == 3 then for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if val == ptn then tbl[key] = repl end end else if flg == 2 then -- Copied from Module:String's `str._escapePattern()` ptn = ptn:gsub('[%(%)%.%%%+%-%*%?%[%^%$%]]', '%%%0') end for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = val:gsub(ptn, repl, nmax) end end return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_by_mixing|mixing string|pipe to library.mapping_by_mixing = function (ctx) if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_mixing’: No mixing string was provided', 0) end local tbl, mix = ctx.params, ctx.pipe[1] if mix == '$#' then for key in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = tostring(key) end return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end local skel, cnv, n_parts = parse_placeholder_string(mix) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do for idx = 2, n_parts, 2 do if skel[idx] then cnv[idx] = val else cnv[idx] = tostring(key) end end tbl[key] = table.concat(cnv) end return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_to_names|pipe to --[[ library.mapping_to_names = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params for key in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = tostring(key) end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_to_lowercase|pipe to library.renaming_to_lowercase = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local cache = {} for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do if type(key) == 'string' then cache[key:lower()] = val else cache[key] = val end end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_to_uppercase|pipe to library.renaming_to_uppercase = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local cache = {} for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do if type(key) == 'string' then cache[key:upper()] = val else cache[key] = val end end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_to_sequence|[sort order]|pipe to library.renaming_to_sequence = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local cache, len local tbl = ctx.params local sortfn, argc, do_sort = load_sort_opt(ctx.pipe[1]) if do_sort then local words, wl cache, words, len, wl = get_key_list_sorted(tbl, sortfn) for idx = 1, len do cache[idx] = tbl[cache[idx]] end for idx = 1, wl do cache[len + idx] = tbl[words[idx]] end else len, cache = 0, {} for _, val in pairs(tbl) do len = len + 1 cache[len] = val end end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_by_calling|template name|[call -- style]|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of additional -- parameters]|[parameter 1]|[parameter 2]|[...]|[parameter N]|pipe to library.renaming_by_calling = function (ctx) local tname local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘renaming_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end local rargs, argc, looptype, karg, varg, tbl, mem = load_callback_opts(opts, 1, mapping_styles.names_only, ctx.params) local model = { title = tname, args = rargs } map_names(tbl, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, function () return ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model) end) for key, val in pairs(mem) do tbl[key] = val end ctx.params = tbl return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_by_invoking|module name|function -- name|[call style]|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of -- additional arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument -- N]|pipe to library.renaming_by_invoking = function (ctx) local mname, fname local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if mname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘renaming_by_invoking’: No module name was provided', 0) end if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if fname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘renaming_by_invoking’: No function name was provided', 0) end local rargs, argc, looptype, karg, varg, tbl, mem = load_callback_opts(opts, 2, mapping_styles.names_only, ctx.params) local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = rargs } local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname] if mfunc == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘renaming_by_invoking’: The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end map_names(tbl, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, function () return tostring(mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model))) end) for key, val in pairs(mem) do tbl[key] = val end ctx.params = tbl return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_by_magic|parser function|[call -- style]|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of additional -- arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to library.renaming_by_magic = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local magic if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if magic == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘renaming_by_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end local rargs, argc, looptype, karg, varg, tbl, mem = load_callback_opts(opts, 1, mapping_styles.names_only, ctx.params) map_names(tbl, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, function () return ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, rargs) end) for key, val in pairs(mem) do tbl[key] = val end ctx.params = tbl return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_by_replacing|target|replace|[count]|[plain -- flag]|pipe to library.renaming_by_replacing = function (ctx) local ptn, repl, nmax, flg, argc, die = load_replace_args(ctx.pipe, 'renaming_by_replacing') if die then return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end local tbl = ctx.params if flg == 3 then ptn = get_parameter_name(ptn) local val = tbl[ptn] if val ~= nil then tbl[ptn], tbl[get_parameter_name(repl)] = nil, val end else if flg == 2 then -- Copied from Module:String's `str._escapePattern()` ptn = ptn:gsub('[%(%)%.%%%+%-%*%?%[%^%$%]]', '%%%0') end local cache = {} for key, val in pairs(tbl) do steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, tostring(key):gsub(ptn, repl, nmax)) end for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end end return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_by_mixing|mixing string|pipe to library.renaming_by_mixing = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘renaming_by_mixing’: No mixing string was provided', 0) end local mix = ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' local cache = {} if mix == '$@' then for _, val in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[get_parameter_name(val)] = val end else local skel, canvas, n_parts = parse_placeholder_string(mix) for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do for idx = 2, n_parts, 2 do if skel[idx] then canvas[idx] = val else canvas[idx] = tostring(key) end end cache[get_parameter_name(table.concat(canvas))] = val end end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_to_values|pipe to --[[ library.renaming_to_values = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local cache = {} for _, val in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[val] = val end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|grouping_by_calling|template -- name|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of additional -- arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to library.grouping_by_calling = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local tmp, argc, tbl, mem = load_child_opts(ctx.pipe, 2, 0, ctx.params) local gargs = {} for key, val in pairs(tmp) do if type(key) == 'number' and key < 1 then gargs[key - 1] = val else gargs[key] = val end end tmp = ctx.pipe[1] if tmp ~= nil then tmp = tmp:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tmp == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘grouping_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end local model = { title = tmp } local groups = make_groups(tbl) for gid, group in pairs(groups) do for key, val in pairs(gargs) do group[key] = val end group[0], model.args = gid, group groups[gid] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model) end for key, val in pairs(mem) do groups[key] = val end ctx.params = groups return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|parsing|string to parse|[trim flag]|[iteration -- delimiter setter]|[...]|[key-value delimiter setter]|[...]|pipe to library.parsing = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘parsing’: No string to parse was provided', 0) end local isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed, argc = load_parse_opts(opts, 2, '|', '=') parse_parameter_string(ctx.params, opts[1], isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed) return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|reinterpreting|parameter to reinterpret|[trim -- flag]|[iteration delimiter setter]|[...]|[key-value delimiter -- setter]|[...]|pipe to library.reinterpreting = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘reinterpreting’: No parameter to reinterpret was provided', 0) end local isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed, argc = load_parse_opts(opts, 2, '|', '=') local tbl, tmp = ctx.params, get_parameter_name(opts[1]) local str = tbl[tmp] if str ~= nil then tbl[tmp] = nil parse_parameter_string(tbl, str, isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed) end return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|evaluating|string to parse|[trim flag]|[iteration -- delimiter setter]|[...]|[key-value delimiter setter]|[...]|pipe to library.evaluating = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘evaluating’: No string to parse was provided', 0) end local isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed, argc = load_parse_opts(opts, 2, '!', ':') if opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' == nil then ctx.pipe = copy_or_ref_table(opts, opts ~= ctx.opipe) return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end local new_opts, cache = {}, {} local shift = parse_parameter_string(cache, opts[1], isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed) - argc for key, val in pairs(opts) do if type(key) ~= 'number' or key < 1 then new_opts[key] = val elseif key >= argc then new_opts[key + shift] = val end end for key, val in pairs(cache) do new_opts[key] = val end ctx.pipe = new_opts return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mixing_names_and_values|mixing string|pipe to library.mixing_names_and_values = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mixing_names_and_values’: No mixing string was provided for parameter names', 0) end if ctx.pipe[2] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mixing_names_and_values’: No mixing string was provided for parameter values', 0) end local tmp local mix_k = ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' local cache, mix_v = {}, ctx.pipe[2] if mix_k == '$@' and mix_v == '$@' then for _, val in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[get_parameter_name(val)] = val end elseif mix_k == '$@' and mix_v == '$#' then for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[get_parameter_name(val)] = tostring(key) end elseif mix_k == '$#' and mix_v == '$#' then for key in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[key] = tostring(key) end else local skel_k, cnv_k, n_parts_k = parse_placeholder_string(mix_k) local skel_v, cnv_v, n_parts_v = parse_placeholder_string(mix_v) for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do tmp = tostring(key) for idx = 2, n_parts_k, 2 do if skel_k[idx] then cnv_k[idx] = val else cnv_k[idx] = tmp end end for idx = 2, n_parts_v, 2 do if skel_v[idx] then cnv_v[idx] = val else cnv_v[idx] = tmp end end cache[get_parameter_name(table.concat(cnv_k))] = table.concat(cnv_v) end end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|swapping_names_and_values|pipe to --[[ library.swapping_names_and_values = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local cache = {} for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[val] = key end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|combining|new parameter name|[sort -- order]|[with/without flushed glue]|setting directives|...|pipe to library.combining = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning return context_iterate(ctx, combine_parameters( ctx, function (key, val, kvs) return key .. kvs .. val end, 'combining' ) + 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|combining_values|new parameter name|[sort -- order]|[with/without flushed glue]|setting directives|...|pipe to library.combining_values = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning return context_iterate(ctx, combine_parameters( ctx, function (key, val, kvs) return val end, 'combining_values' ) + 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|combining_by_calling|template name|new parameter -- name|pipe to library.combining_by_calling = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local tname = ctx.pipe[1] if tname ~= nil then tname = tname:match'^%s*(.*%S)' else error(modulename .. ', ‘combining_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end if ctx.pipe[2] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘combining_by_calling’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end ctx.params = { [get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[2])] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate{ title = tname, args = ctx.params } } return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|combining_by_invoking|module name|function name|new -- parameter name|pipe to library.combining_by_invoking = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local mname = ctx.pipe[1] if mname ~= nil then mname = mname:match'^%s*(.*%S)' else error(modulename .. ', ‘combining_by_invoking’: No module name was provided', 0) end local fname = ctx.pipe[2] if fname ~= nil then fname = fname:match'^%s*(.*%S)' else error(modulename .. ', ‘combining_by_invoking’: No function name was provided', 0) end if ctx.pipe[3] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘combining_by_invoking’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = ctx.params } local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname] if mfunc == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end ctx.params = { [get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[3])] = tostring(mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model))) } return context_iterate(ctx, 4) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|combining_by_magic|parser function|new parameter -- name|pipe to library.combining_by_magic = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local magic = ctx.pipe[1] if magic ~= nil then magic = magic:match'^%s*(.*%S)' else error(modulename .. ', ‘combining_by_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end if ctx.pipe[2] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘combining_by_magic’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end ctx.params = { [get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[2])] = ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, ctx.params) } return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|snapshotting|[maximum number]|pipe to library.snapshotting = function (ctx) return context_iterate(ctx, make_child(ctx, ctx.params, 'snapshotting')) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|remembering|[maximum number]|pipe to library.remembering = function (ctx) return context_iterate(ctx, make_child(ctx, ctx.oparams, 'remembering')) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|entering_substack|[new]|pipe to library.entering_substack = function (ctx) local tbl, ncurrparent = ctx.params, ctx.n_parents + 1 if ctx.parents == nil then ctx.parents = { tbl } else ctx.parents[ncurrparent] = tbl end ctx.n_parents = ncurrparent if ctx.pipe[1] ~= nil and ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*new%s*$' then ctx.params = {} return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end local currsnap = ctx.n_children if currsnap > 0 then ctx.params, ctx.children[currsnap], ctx.n_children = ctx.children[currsnap], nil, currsnap - 1 else local newparams = {} for key, val in pairs(tbl) do newparams[key] = val end ctx.params = newparams end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|pulling|parameter name|pipe to library.pulling = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘pulling’: No parameter to pull was provided', 0) end local tmp = ctx.n_parents local parent = tmp < 1 and ctx.oparams or ctx.parents[tmp] tmp = get_parameter_name(opts[1]) if parent[tmp] ~= nil then ctx.params[tmp] = parent[tmp] end return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|recalling|parameter name|pipe to library.recalling = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘recalling’: No parameter to recall was provided', 0) end local arg = get_parameter_name(opts[1]) if ctx.oparams[arg] ~= nil then ctx.params[arg] = ctx.oparams[arg] end return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|finding|parameter name|pipe to --[[ library.finding = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘finding’: No parameter to find was provided', 0) end local arg = get_parameter_name(opts[1]) local parent for idx = ctx.n_parents, 1, -1 do parent = ctx.parents[idx] if parent[arg] ~= nil then ctx.params[arg] = parent[arg] return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end end if ctx.oparams[arg] ~= nil then ctx.params[arg] = ctx.oparams[arg] end return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|picking|number of parameters to pick|pipe to --[[ library.picking = function (ctx) local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1]) if len == nil or len < 1 or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename .. ', ‘picking’: The number of parameters to pick must be an integer greater than zero', 0) end if ctx.n_parents < 1 then copy_table_maxn(ctx.params, ctx.oparams, len) else copy_table_maxn(ctx.params, ctx.parents[ctx.n_parents], len) end return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|detaching_substack|pipe to library.detaching_substack = function (ctx) local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents if ncurrparent < 1 then error(modulename .. ', ‘detaching_substack’: No substack has been created', 0) end local parent = ctx.parents[ncurrparent] for key in pairs(ctx.params) do parent[key] = nil end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|dropping_substack|pipe to library.dropping_substack = function (ctx) local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents if ncurrparent < 1 then error(modulename .. ', ‘dropping_substack’: No substack has been created', 0) end ctx.params, ctx.parents[ncurrparent], ctx.n_parents = ctx.parents[ncurrparent], nil, ncurrparent - 1 return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|leaving_substack|pipe to library.leaving_substack = function (ctx) local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents if ncurrparent < 1 then error(modulename .. ', ‘leaving_substack’: No substack has been created', 0) end local currsnap = ctx.n_children + 1 if ctx.children == nil then ctx.children = { ctx.params } else ctx.children[currsnap] = ctx.params end ctx.params, ctx.parents[ncurrparent], ctx.n_parents, ctx.n_children = ctx.parents[ncurrparent], nil, ncurrparent - 1, currsnap return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|merging_substack|pipe to library.merging_substack = function (ctx) local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents if ncurrparent < 1 then error(modulename .. ', ‘merging_substack’: No substack has been created', 0) end local parent, child = ctx.parents[ncurrparent], ctx.params ctx.params, ctx.parents[ncurrparent], ctx.n_parents = parent, nil, ncurrparent - 1 for key, val in pairs(child) do parent[key] = val end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|flushing|pipe to library.flushing = function (ctx) if ctx.n_children < 1 then error(modulename .. ', ‘flushing’: There are no substacks to flush', 0) end local parent, currsnap = ctx.params, ctx.n_children for key, val in pairs(ctx.children[currsnap]) do parent[key] = val end ctx.children[currsnap], ctx.n_children = nil, currsnap - 1 return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|setting_by_flushing|pipe to library.setting_by_flushing = function (ctx) set_strings_from_substack(ctx, ctx, 'setting_by_flushing') return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end --[[ Functions ]]-- ----------------------------- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|count library.count = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` and `ctx.params` might be the original metatables! local retval = 0 for _ in ctx.iterfunc(ctx.params) do retval = retval + 1 end if ctx.subset == -1 then retval = retval - #ctx.params end ctx.text = retval return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:args|concat_and_call|template name|[prepend 1]|[prepend 2] -- |[...]|[item n]|[named item 1=value 1]|[...]|[named item n=value -- n]|[...] library.concat_and_call = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! local tname local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘concat_and_call’: No template name was provided', 0) end remove_numeric_keys(opts, 1, 1) ctx.text = ctx.frame:expandTemplate{ title = tname, args = concat_params(ctx) } return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:args|concat_and_invoke|module name|function name|[prepend -- 1]|[prepend 2]|[...]|[item n]|[named item 1=value 1]|[...]|[named -- item n=value n]|[...] library.concat_and_invoke = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! local mname, fname local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if mname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘concat_and_invoke’: No module name was provided', 0) end if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if fname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘concat_and_invoke’: No function name was provided', 0) end remove_numeric_keys(opts, 1, 2) local mfunc = require('Module:' .. mname)[fname] if mfunc == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘concat_and_invoke’: The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end ctx.text = mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild{ title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = concat_params(ctx) }) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:args|concat_and_magic|parser function|[prepend 1]|[prepend -- 2]|[...]|[item n]|[named item 1=value 1]|[...]|[named item n= -- value n]|[...] library.concat_and_magic = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! local magic local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if magic == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘concat_and_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end remove_numeric_keys(opts, 1, 1) ctx.text = ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, concat_params(ctx)) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|value_of|parameter name library.value_of = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` and `ctx.params` might be the original metatables! local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘value_of’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end local val local key = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' if key == '0' or key:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then key = tonumber(key) val = ctx.params[key] -- No worries: #ctx.params is unused when the modifier is in -- first position (and therefore `ctx.params` is a metatable) if val ~= nil and ( ctx.subset ~= -1 or key > #ctx.params or key < 1 ) and ( ctx.subset ~= 1 or (key <= #ctx.params and key > 0) ) then ctx.text = (ctx.header or '') .. val .. (ctx.footer or '') else ctx.text = ctx.ifngiven or '' end else val = ctx.params[key] if ctx.subset ~= 1 and val ~= nil then ctx.text = (ctx.header or '') .. val .. (ctx.footer or '') else ctx.text = ctx.ifngiven or '' end end return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|list library.list = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable! local ret, nss, kvs, pps = {}, 0, ctx.pairsep or '', ctx.itersep or '' flush_params(ctx, function (key, val) ret[nss + 1], ret[nss + 2], ret[nss + 3], ret[nss + 4], nss = pps, key, kvs, val, nss + 4 end) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 4) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|list_values library.list_values = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable! -- NOTE: `library.coins()` and `library.unique_coins()` rely on us local ret, nss, pps = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' flush_params(ctx, function (key, val) ret[nss + 1], ret[nss + 2], nss = pps, val, nss + 2 end) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|list_maybe_with_names library.list_maybe_with_names = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable! local ret, nss, kvs, pps = {}, 0, ctx.pairsep or '', ctx.itersep or '' mixed_flush_params( ctx, function (key, val) ret[nss + 1], ret[nss + 2], ret[nss + 3], ret[nss + 4], nss = pps, '', '', val, nss + 4 end, function (key, val) ret[nss + 1], ret[nss + 2], ret[nss + 3], ret[nss + 4], nss = pps, key, kvs, val, nss + 4 end ) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 4) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|coins|[first coin = value 1]|[second coin = value -- 2]|[...]|[last coin = value N] --[[ library.coins = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable! local opts, tbl = ctx.pipe, ctx.params for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = opts[get_parameter_name(val)] end return library.list_values(ctx) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|unique_coins|[first coin = value 1]|[second coin = -- value 2]|[...]|[last coin = value N] --[[ library.unique_coins = function (ctx) local tmp local opts, tbl = ctx.pipe, ctx.params for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tmp = get_parameter_name(val) tbl[key], opts[tmp] = opts[tmp], nil end return library.list_values(ctx) end ]] -- Syntax: #invoke:params|for_each|wikitext library.for_each = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable! local ret, nss, pps, txt = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '', ctx.pipe[1] or '' local skel, cnv, n_parts = parse_placeholder_string(txt) flush_params(ctx, function (key, val) for idx = 2, n_parts, 2 do if skel[idx] then cnv[idx] = val else cnv[idx] = tostring(key) end end ret[nss + 1], nss = pps, nss + 2 ret[nss] = table.concat(cnv) end) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|call_for_each|template name|[append 1]|[append 2] -- |[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param -- n=value n]|[...] library.call_for_each = function (ctx) local tname local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘call_for_each’: No template name was provided', 0) end local model = { title = tname, args = opts } local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' table.insert(opts, 1, true) flush_params(ctx, function (key, val) opts[1], opts[2], ret[nss + 1], nss = key, val, ccs, nss + 2 ret[nss] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model) end) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|invoke_for_each|module name|module function|[append -- 1]|[append 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...] -- |[named param n=value n]|[...] library.invoke_for_each = function (ctx) local mname, fname local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if mname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘invoke_for_each’: No module name was provided', 0) end if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if fname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘invoke_for_each’: No function name was provided', 0) end local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = opts } local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname] local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' flush_params(ctx, function (key, val) opts[1], opts[2], ret[nss + 1], nss = key, val, ccs, nss + 2 ret[nss] = mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model)) end) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|magic_for_each|parser function|[append 1]|[append 2] -- |[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param -- n=value n]|[...] library.magic_for_each = function (ctx) local magic local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if magic == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘magic_for_each’: No parser function was provided', 0) end local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' table.insert(opts, 1, true) flush_params(ctx, function (key, val) opts[1], opts[2], ret[nss + 1], nss = key, val, ccs, nss + 2 ret[nss] = ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, opts) end) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|call_for_each_value|template name|[append 1]|[append -- 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param -- n=value n]|[...] library.call_for_each_value = function (ctx) local tname local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘call_for_each_value’: No template name was provided', 0) end local model = { title = tname, args = opts } local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' flush_params(ctx, function (key, val) opts[1], ret[nss + 1], nss = val, ccs, nss + 2 ret[nss] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model) end) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|invoke_for_each_value|module name|[append 1]|[append -- 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param -- n=value n]|[...] library.invoke_for_each_value = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local mname, fname if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if mname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘invoke_for_each_value’: No module name was provided', 0) end if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if fname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘invoke_for_each_value’: No function name was provided', 0) end local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = opts } local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname] local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' remove_numeric_keys(opts, 1, 1) flush_params(ctx, function (key, val) opts[1], ret[nss + 1], nss = val, ccs, nss + 2 ret[nss] = mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model)) end) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|magic_for_each_value|parser function|[append 1] -- |[append 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named -- param n=value n]|[...] library.magic_for_each_value = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local magic if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if magic == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘magic_for_each_value’: No parser function was provided', 0) end local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' flush_params(ctx, function (key, val) opts[1], ret[nss + 1], nss = val, ccs, nss + 2 ret[nss] = ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, opts) end) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|call_for_each_group|template name|[append 1]|[append -- 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param -- n=value n]|[...] library.call_for_each_group = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` and `ctx.params` might be the original metatables! local tmp if ctx.pipe[1] ~= nil then tmp = ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tmp == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘call_for_each_group’: No template name was provided', 0) end local model = { title = tmp } local opts, ret, nss, ccs = {}, {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' for key, val in pairs(ctx.pipe) do if type(key) == 'number' then opts[key - 1] = val else opts[key] = val end end ctx.pipe = opts ctx.params = make_groups(ctx.params) flush_params(ctx, function (gid, group) for key, val in pairs(opts) do group[key] = val end group[0], model.args, ret[nss + 1], nss = gid, group, ccs, nss + 2 ret[nss] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model) end) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end --[[ First-position-only modifiers ]]-- --------------------------------------- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|new|pipe to static_iface.new = function (child_frame) local ctx = context_new(child_frame) ctx.pipe = copy_or_ref_table(ctx.opipe, false) ctx.params = {} main_loop(ctx, context_iterate(ctx, 1)) return ctx.text end --[[ First-position-only functions ]]-- --------------------------------------- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|self static_iface.self = function (frame) return frame:getParent():getTitle() end --[[ Public metatable of functions ]]-- --------------------------------------- return setmetatable({}, { __index = function (_, query) local fname = query:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if fname == nil then error(modulename .. ': You must specify a function to call', 0) end local func = static_iface[fname] if func ~= nil then return func end func = library[fname] if func == nil then error(modulename .. ': The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end return function (child_frame) local ctx = context_new(child_frame) ctx.pipe = copy_or_ref_table(ctx.opipe, refpipe[fname]) ctx.params = copy_or_ref_table(ctx.oparams, refparams[fname]) main_loop(ctx, func) return ctx.text end end }) jm8x5ug81bre69dpt2csm0n3owsmu2i 828 326443 3971894 3970114 2026-07-13T22:19:35Z Grufo 64423 Formulam redintegravi 3971894 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{1|}}} |[[Module:Params#{{safesubst:<noinclude />#switch:{{{1}}} | sequential = L-945 | non-sequential = L-958 | all_sorted = L-969 | reassorted = L-982 | setting = L-995 | scoring = L-1004 | squeezing = L-1021 | filling_the_gaps = L-1036 | clearing = L-1061 | cutting = L-1074 | cropping = L-1109 | purging = L-1150 | backpurging = L-1169 | shifting = L-1196 | reversing_numeric_names = L-1213 | sorting_sequential_values = L-1288 | splicing = L-1302 | imposing = L-1362 | providing = L-1371 | reassigning = L-1381 | discarding = L-1403 | excluding_non-numeric_names = L-1422 | excluding_numeric_names = L-1432 | with_name_matching = L-1444 | with_name_not_matching = L-1475 | with_value_matching = L-1510 | with_value_not_matching = L-1538 | keeping_at_most = L-1564 | trimming_values = L-1576 | mapping_to_lowercase = L-1584 | mapping_to_uppercase = L-1592 | mapping_by_calling = L-1602 | mapping_by_invoking = L-1623 | mapping_by_magic = L-1651 | mapping_by_replacing = L-1670 | mapping_by_mixing = L-1693 | renaming_to_lowercase = L-1724 | renaming_to_uppercase = L-1738 | renaming_to_sequence = L-1752 | renaming_by_calling = L-1778 | renaming_by_invoking = L-1800 | renaming_by_magic = L-1828 | renaming_by_replacing = L-1847 | renaming_by_mixing = L-1875 | grouping_by_calling = L-1917 | parsing = L-1945 | reinterpreting = L-1960 | evaluating = L-1979 | mixing_names_and_values = L-2005 | combining = L-2060 | combining_values = L-2073 | combining_by_calling = L-2086 | combining_by_invoking = L-2107 | combining_by_magic = L-2135 | snapshotting = L-2153 | remembering = L-2159 | entering_substack = L-2165 | pulling = L-2188 | recalling = L-2201 | detaching_substack = L-2246 | dropping_substack = L-2257 | leaving_substack = L-2268 | merging_substack = L-2282 | flushing = L-2295 | setting_by_flushing = L-2306 | count = L-2318 | concat_and_call = L-2331 | concat_and_invoke = L-2350 | concat_and_magic = L-2376 | value_of = L-2390 | list = L-2420 | list_values = L-2433 | list_maybe_with_names = L-2446 | for_each = L-2493 | call_for_each = L-2513 | invoke_for_each = L-2534 | magic_for_each = L-2559 | call_for_each_value = L-2580 | invoke_for_each_value = L-2600 | magic_for_each_value = L-2625 | call_for_each_group = L-2644 | new = L-2675 | self = L-2690 | #default = nowhere }}|{{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{2|}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{1}}}}}]] |[[Module:Params]] }}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentatio|titulus=[[File:Test Template Info-Icon - Version (2).svg|50px|alt=|link=]] Documentatio formulae}}</noinclude> ieebofu40zghwyiazebr2nd24lzl81h 3971908 3971894 2026-07-14T00:40:00Z Grufo 64423 Formulam redintegravi 3971908 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{1|}}} |[[Module:Params#{{safesubst:<noinclude />#switch:{{{1}}} | sequential = L-945 | non-sequential = L-958 | all_sorted = L-969 | reassorted = L-982 | setting = L-995 | scoring = L-1004 | squeezing = L-1021 | filling_the_gaps = L-1036 | clearing = L-1064 | cutting = L-1077 | cropping = L-1112 | purging = L-1153 | backpurging = L-1172 | shifting = L-1199 | reversing_numeric_names = L-1216 | sorting_sequential_values = L-1291 | splicing = L-1305 | imposing = L-1365 | providing = L-1374 | reassigning = L-1384 | discarding = L-1406 | excluding_non-numeric_names = L-1425 | excluding_numeric_names = L-1435 | with_name_matching = L-1447 | with_name_not_matching = L-1478 | with_value_matching = L-1513 | with_value_not_matching = L-1541 | keeping_at_most = L-1567 | trimming_values = L-1579 | mapping_to_lowercase = L-1587 | mapping_to_uppercase = L-1595 | mapping_by_calling = L-1605 | mapping_by_invoking = L-1626 | mapping_by_magic = L-1654 | mapping_by_replacing = L-1673 | mapping_by_mixing = L-1696 | renaming_to_lowercase = L-1727 | renaming_to_uppercase = L-1741 | renaming_to_sequence = L-1755 | renaming_by_calling = L-1781 | renaming_by_invoking = L-1803 | renaming_by_magic = L-1831 | renaming_by_replacing = L-1850 | renaming_by_mixing = L-1878 | grouping_by_calling = L-1920 | parsing = L-1948 | reinterpreting = L-1963 | evaluating = L-1982 | mixing_names_and_values = L-2008 | combining = L-2063 | combining_values = L-2076 | combining_by_calling = L-2089 | combining_by_invoking = L-2110 | combining_by_magic = L-2138 | snapshotting = L-2156 | remembering = L-2162 | entering_substack = L-2168 | pulling = L-2191 | recalling = L-2204 | detaching_substack = L-2249 | dropping_substack = L-2260 | leaving_substack = L-2271 | merging_substack = L-2285 | flushing = L-2298 | setting_by_flushing = L-2309 | count = L-2321 | concat_and_call = L-2334 | concat_and_invoke = L-2353 | concat_and_magic = L-2379 | value_of = L-2393 | list = L-2423 | list_values = L-2436 | list_maybe_with_names = L-2449 | for_each = L-2496 | call_for_each = L-2516 | invoke_for_each = L-2537 | magic_for_each = L-2562 | call_for_each_value = L-2583 | invoke_for_each_value = L-2603 | magic_for_each_value = L-2628 | call_for_each_group = L-2647 | new = L-2678 | self = L-2693 | #default = nowhere }}|{{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{2|}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{1}}}}}]] |[[Module:Params]] }}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentatio|titulus=[[File:Test Template Info-Icon - Version (2).svg|50px|alt=|link=]] Documentatio formulae}}</noinclude> 15h5oeyzmojyn56nxv2w9j89dap9brc 828 326444 3971895 3969313 2026-07-13T22:20:12Z Grufo 64423 /* Complete list of the links generated */ 3971895 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Non Latine}} This is a helper template for the documentation of [[Module:Params]] that creates a link to the line in the Lua code where a function or a modifier is declared. == Usage == * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|squeezing}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|squeezing}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|cutting|Lorem ipsum}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|cutting|Lorem ipsum}} == Complete list of the links generated == # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|sequential}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|non-sequential}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|all_sorted}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|reassorted}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|setting}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|scoring}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|squeezing}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|filling_the_gaps}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|clearing}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|cutting}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|cropping}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|purging}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|backpurging}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|shifting}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|reversing_numeric_names}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|sorting_sequential_values}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|splicing}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|imposing}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|providing}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|reassigning}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|discarding}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|excluding_non-numeric_names}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|excluding_numeric_names}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|with_name_matching}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|with_name_not_matching}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|with_value_matching}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|with_value_not_matching}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|keeping_at_most}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|trimming_values}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|mapping_to_lowercase}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|mapping_to_uppercase}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|mapping_by_calling}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|mapping_by_invoking}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|mapping_by_magic}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|mapping_by_replacing}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|mapping_by_mixing}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|renaming_to_lowercase}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|renaming_to_uppercase}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|renaming_to_sequence}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|renaming_by_calling}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|renaming_by_invoking}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|renaming_by_magic}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|renaming_by_replacing}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|renaming_by_mixing}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|grouping_by_calling}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|parsing}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|reinterpreting}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|evaluating}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|mixing_names_and_values}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|combining}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|combining_values}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|combining_by_calling}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|combining_by_invoking}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|combining_by_magic}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|snapshotting}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|remembering}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|entering_substack}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|pulling}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|recalling}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|detaching_substack}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|dropping_substack}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|leaving_substack}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|merging_substack}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|flushing}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|setting_by_flushing}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|count}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|concat_and_call}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|concat_and_invoke}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|concat_and_magic}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|value_of}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|list}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|list_values}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|list_maybe_with_names}}</code><!-- # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|coins}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|unique_coins}}</code>--> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|for_each}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|call_for_each}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|invoke_for_each}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|magic_for_each}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|call_for_each_value}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|invoke_for_each_value}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|magic_for_each_value}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|call_for_each_group}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|new}}</code> # <code>{{module:params/doc/nexus ad functionem ostendendam|self}}</code> == Updating the list == After each update in the code of [[Module:Params]] the list of line numbers stored in this template needs to be updated. If you use [[GNU]] or other [[Unix-like]] operating systems you can do that automatically by launching: <syntaxhighlight lang="sh">grep -n '^library.\|^static_iface.' params.lua | sed 's/\(library\|static_iface\)\(\.\|\['\''\)\|'\''\]\|\s*=\s*function\s*([^)]\+)//g;s/^\([0-9]\+\):\(.\+\)$/ | \2 = L-\1/g'</syntaxhighlight> <includeonly>{{in harenario aut alibi||2= <!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --> [[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae intra versum accommodandae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae nexuales|{{PAGENAME}}]] }}</includeonly> n8uyazvn8kvzfmtf2bwa2gjz37lqoqc 0 326491 3971857 3970435 2026-07-13T16:36:00Z Neander 1973 3971857 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} {{Pellicula | Imago = À bout de souffle movie logo.png | Titulus = À bout de souffle | Latinus titulus = Ad ultimum spiritum | Annus = [[1960]] | Moderator = [[Ioannes Lucas Godard]] | Scriptor = [[Franciscus Truffaut]] | Actores = {{Series versibus dissaepta | [[Ioanna Seberg]] | [[Ioannes Paulus Belmondo]] }} | Duratio = 90 minuta | Lingua = {{Series versibus dissaepta | [[Lingua Francogallica|Francogallica]] | [[Lingua Anglica|Anglica]] }} }} {{ores|À bout de souffle|lingua=fr}} (‘Ad ultimum spiritum’) est pellicula dramatica ab [[Ioannes Lucas Godard|Ioanne Luca Godard]] anno [[1960]] disposita, et una ex praecipuis operibus [[Nova unda Francica|Novae undae Francicae]].<ref>De hac pellicula facienda in ''[[Nouvelle Vague (pellicula 2025)|Nouvelle Vague (2025)]]'' narratur.</ref> Qua pellicula narratur de viro scelesto Francico, qui [[vigil]]es fugit, et de virgine [[CFA|Americana]], quae diurnaria fieri cupit. Eventa [[Parisii]]s fiunt. {{Op|À bout de souffle|lingua=fr}} prima pellicula diutina Godardiana est. Quod opus in fabula a [[Franciscus Truffaut|Francisco Truffaut]] facta, altero dispositore Novae undae, positum est. Spectaculum primum pelliculae {{Op|À bout de souffle|lingua=fr}} anno post quam Truffaut suum opus {{Op|Les Quatre cents coups|lingua=fr}} ([[1959]]) edidit. Eodem anno, etiam {{Op|Hiroshima, mon amour|lingua=fr}} ab [[Alanus Resnais|Alano Resnais]] disposita in lucem prolata est. Fundamenta Novae undae cinematographicae ab illis trinis iacta sunt. == Argumentum == Michael Poiccard est iuvenis acer scelestusque [[Parisii]]s versatus, qui gregales Americanos sceleratos cinematographicos, praesertim [[Humphredus Bogart|Humphredum Bogart]], admiratur. [[Massilia]]e [[autocinetum]] furatus Parisios proficiscitur. In itinere, custos [[birota automataria]] vectus eum persequitur. Michael, ne a custode comprehendatur, ad extremam confugit rationem, nam impetuose eum sclopetans necat, deinde fugit. [[Fasciculus:Japanese-edition-of-Alfred-Hitchcocks-Mystery-Magazine-1960-May-3-revised.jpg|thumb|left|Ioannes Paulus Belmondo in ''À bout de souffle'' agens.]] Michael, nunc vir conquisitus, Parisiis Patriciam Franchini quaerit, discipulam Americanam ad diurnariam aspirantem. Michael Patriciae amore captus hanc persuadere conatur, ut secum in Italiam fugiat. Patricia primo de sceleribus Michaelis inscia, de suo amore dubitat. Michael, conatus vigiles vitare, apud Patriciam et in variis deversoriorum cubiculis latet. Eodem tempore, pecuniam a variis amicis sibi debitam conligere conatur. Temerarius suique conscius est. Perpetuo loquitur, Patricia autem, quae magis secum habitat, intellegere conatur, quid a vita, ab amore, a Michaele sibi velit. Patricia magis magisque suspiciosa fit in Michaelem. Incipit enim vigilem ab eo occisum esse suspicari. Quamquam ad eius strenuitatem et audaciam trahi videtur, ab eius instabilitate et mobilitate abhorret. Postremo, Patricia vigiles adit et locum Michaelis revelat — incerta, utrum eum protegere an delere velit. Michael vigiles foras fugere conatur, sed dum in via currit, [[pistolium|pistolii]] [[glans (telum)|glande]] mortifera in tergo ictus concidit. Dum moriturus iacet, paucis verbis perplexis Patriciam adloquitur. == Histriones == * [[Ioannes Paulus Belmondo]] | Michael Poiccard * [[Ioanna Seberg]] | Patricia Franchini * [[Daniel Boulanger]] | Vitalis inspector vigilum * [[Micahel Fabre]] | Vitalinus adiutor * [[Henricus Iacobus Huet]] | Antonius Berutti * [[Antonius Flachot]] | Carolus Zubert * [[Van Doude]] | redactor Americanus * [[Claudius Mansard]] | Claudius Mansard * [[Liliana Dreyfus]] | Liliana * [[Ioannes Petrus Melville]] | Parvulesco viator * [[Roger Hanin]] | Carolus Zombach * [[Ricardus Balducci]] | Ludovicus Tolmatchoff * [[Ioannes Ludovicus Richard]] | redactor * [[Ioannes Lucas Godard]] | emptor ephemeridis [[France-Soir]] * [[Ioannes Domarchi]] | vir ebrius * [[Franciscus Moreuil]] | photographus * [[Renatus Bernard]] | redactor in [[Aeroportus Orly|aeroportu Orly]] * [[Andreas S. Labarthe]] | redactor in aeroportu Orly * [[Iacobus Siclier]] | redactor in aeroportu Orly == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Andrew | nomen auctoris = Dudley | titulus = {{Op|Breathless}} Then and Now | contextus = Criterion | tempus = 2014-02-28 | url = https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/526-breathless-then-and-now }}. == Nexus externi == * {{Titulus in Indice Interretiali Pellicularum|0053472|À bout de souffle}} [[Categoria:Pelliculae 1960]] nia3vhsmaj6gjllueznwu50fptv8fr9 0 326527 3971879 3971774 2026-07-13T21:15:30Z Grufo 64423 Grufo movit paginam [[Coemeterium Monumentalis Cothonei]] ad [[Coemeterium Monumentale Cothonei]]: Concordantia 3971774 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Codogno Monumental Cemetery 01 entrance.JPG|thumb|250px|Introitus coemeterii Cothonei]] [[Fasciculus:Codogno Monumental Cemetery 04 first courtyard.JPG|thumb|250px|Primum coemeterii atrium]] [[Fasciculus:Codogno Monumental Cemetery 05 pieta entrance left.JPG|thumb|250px|Signum Pietatis ad introitum coemeterii, a sinistra parte]] [[Fasciculus:Codogno Monumental Cemetery 06 nuns grave.JPG|thumb|250px|Sepulcrum Sororum Virginum a Sacro Corde Jesu]] '''Coemeterium Monumentalis Cothonei''' ([[Italice]] ''Cimitero Monumentale di Codogno'') est sepulcretum in civitate [[Cothoneum|Cothonei]] situm, prope ipsum oppidi centrum situm est, inter ecclesiam Nostrae Dominae [[Caravagium|Caravagii]] et [[valetudinarium]] municipale.<ref>[https://www.lombardiabeniculturali.it/architetture/schede/LO370-00018/ Cimitero di Codogno]</ref> == Historia == Coemeterium formam rectangulam habet et ex tribus areis constat. Die 2 Iunii 2020, anniversarii diei Rei Publicae, , praeses [[ Sergius Mattarella]] coemeterium visitavit ut honorem tribueret victimis pestilentiae [[COVID-19]].<ref>[https://milano.repubblica.it/cronaca/2020/06/02/news/mattarella_codogno_festa_della_repubblica_2_giugno_coronavirus-258235276/ 2 Giugno, Mattarella a Codogno: "Da qui riparte l'Italia del coraggio e da qui ribadiamo i valori della Costituzione"]</ref> == Sepulcra notabiles == * [[Raimundus Pandini]], (1810-1889), politicus * [[Iosephus Novello]], (1897-1988) pictor * [[Virgilius Muzzi]], (1923-2010), scriptor [[Narratio picta|narrationis pictae]]. * [[Iosephus Pagani]], (1937-2023) scriptor diarii et moderator radiophonicus ==Bibliographia== * Palazzina D., Cenni storici di Codogno, Mediolanum 1964, pp. 234-235 == Notae == <references /> ==Nexus externi== {{fontes geographici}} * [https://www.lombardiabeniculturali.it/architetture/schede/LO370-00018/ Coemeterium Monumentalis Cothonei apud Lombardia Beni Culturali, Regio Langobardiae] {{ling|Italice}} {{stipula}} [[Categoria:Langobardia]] [[Categoria:Coemeteria]] ar4hyuy0tc0lx1engu24v6i1i70ktnu 3971883 3971879 2026-07-13T21:18:49Z Grufo 64423 Paginam redintegravi 3971883 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Codogno Monumental Cemetery 01 entrance.JPG|thumb|250px|Introitus coemeterii Cothonei]] [[Fasciculus:Codogno Monumental Cemetery 04 first courtyard.JPG|thumb|250px|Primum coemeterii atrium]] [[Fasciculus:Codogno Monumental Cemetery 05 pieta entrance left.JPG|thumb|250px|Signum Pietatis ad introitum coemeterii, a sinistra parte]] [[Fasciculus:Codogno Monumental Cemetery 06 nuns grave.JPG|thumb|250px|Sepulcrum Sororum Virginum a Sacro Corde Jesu]] {{res|Coemeterium Monumentalis Cothonei}} ([[Italice]] ''Cimitero Monumentale di Codogno'') est sepulcretum in civitate [[Cothoneum|Cothonei]] situm, prope ipsum oppidi centrum, inter ecclesiam Nostrae Dominae [[Caravagium|Caravagii]] et [[valetudinarium]] municipale.<ref>[https://www.lombardiabeniculturali.it/architetture/schede/LO370-00018/ Cimitero di Codogno]</ref> == Historia == Coemeterium formam rectangularem habet et ex tribus areis constat. Die [[2 Iunii]] [[2020]], anniversarii diei Rei Publicae, praeses [[Sergius Mattarella]] coemeterium visitavit ut honorem victimis pestilentiae [[COVID-19]] tribuit.<ref>[https://milano.repubblica.it/cronaca/2020/06/02/news/mattarella_codogno_festa_della_repubblica_2_giugno_coronavirus-258235276/ 2 Giugno, Mattarella a Codogno: "Da qui riparte l'Italia del coraggio e da qui ribadiamo i valori della Costituzione"]</ref> == Sepulcra notabilia == * [[Raimundus Pandini]], ([[1810]]–[[1889]]), politicus * [[Iosephus Novello]], ([[1897]]–[[1988]]) pictor * [[Virgilius Muzzi]], ([[1923]]–[[2010]]), scriptor [[Narratio picta|narrationis pictae]]. * [[Iosephus Pagani]], ([[1937]]–[[2023]]) scriptor diarii et moderator radiophonicus ==Bibliographia== * Palazzina D., Cenni storici di Codogno, Mediolanum 1964, pp. 234-235 == Notae == <references /> ==Nexus externi== {{fontes geographici}} * [https://www.lombardiabeniculturali.it/architetture/schede/LO370-00018/ Coemeterium Monumentale Cothonei apud Lombardia Beni Culturali, Regio Langobardiae] {{ling|Italice}} {{stipula}} [[Categoria:Langobardia]] [[Categoria:Coemeteria]] bsa2gu1np4k907hoh7bo7edmnmtvcxb 3971885 3971883 2026-07-13T21:20:20Z Grufo 64423 3971885 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Codogno Monumental Cemetery 01 entrance.JPG|thumb|250px|Introitus coemeterii Cothonei]] [[Fasciculus:Codogno Monumental Cemetery 04 first courtyard.JPG|thumb|250px|Primum coemeterii atrium]] [[Fasciculus:Codogno Monumental Cemetery 05 pieta entrance left.JPG|thumb|250px|Signum Pietatis ad introitum coemeterii, a sinistra parte]] [[Fasciculus:Codogno Monumental Cemetery 06 nuns grave.JPG|thumb|250px|Sepulcrum Sororum Virginum a Sacro Corde Jesu]] {{res|Coemeterium Monumentalis Cothonei}} ([[Italice]] ''Cimitero Monumentale di Codogno'') est sepulcretum in civitate [[Cothoneum|Cothonei]] situm, prope ipsum oppidi centrum, inter ecclesiam Nostrae Dominae [[Caravagium|Caravagii]] et [[valetudinarium]] municipale.<ref>[https://www.lombardiabeniculturali.it/architetture/schede/LO370-00018/ Cimitero di Codogno]</ref> == Historia == Coemeterium formam rectangulam habet et ex tribus areis constat. Die [[2 Iunii]] [[2020]], anniversarii diei Rei Publicae, praeses [[Sergius Mattarella]] coemeterium visitavit ut honorem victimis pestilentiae [[COVID-19]] tribuit.<ref>[https://milano.repubblica.it/cronaca/2020/06/02/news/mattarella_codogno_festa_della_repubblica_2_giugno_coronavirus-258235276/ 2 Giugno, Mattarella a Codogno: "Da qui riparte l'Italia del coraggio e da qui ribadiamo i valori della Costituzione"]</ref> == Sepulcra notabilia == * [[Raimundus Pandini]], ([[1810]]–[[1889]]), politicus * [[Iosephus Novello]], ([[1897]]–[[1988]]) pictor * [[Virgilius Muzzi]], ([[1923]]–[[2010]]), scriptor [[Narratio picta|narrationis pictae]]. * [[Iosephus Pagani]], ([[1937]]–[[2023]]) scriptor diarii et moderator radiophonicus ==Bibliographia== * Palazzina D., Cenni storici di Codogno, Mediolanum 1964, pp. 234-235 == Notae == <references /> ==Nexus externi== {{fontes geographici}} * [https://www.lombardiabeniculturali.it/architetture/schede/LO370-00018/ Coemeterium Monumentale Cothonei apud Lombardia Beni Culturali, Regio Langobardiae] {{ling|Italice}} {{stipula}} [[Categoria:Langobardia]] [[Categoria:Coemeteria]] 3hupvf417q0yv46ibhyvahkw1m02s6s 3971887 3971885 2026-07-13T21:21:23Z Grufo 64423 3971887 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Codogno Monumental Cemetery 01 entrance.JPG|thumb|250px|Introitus coemeterii Cothonei]] [[Fasciculus:Codogno Monumental Cemetery 04 first courtyard.JPG|thumb|250px|Primum coemeterii atrium]] [[Fasciculus:Codogno Monumental Cemetery 05 pieta entrance left.JPG|thumb|250px|Signum Pietatis ad introitum coemeterii, a sinistra parte]] [[Fasciculus:Codogno Monumental Cemetery 06 nuns grave.JPG|thumb|250px|Sepulcrum Sororum Virginum a Sacro Corde Jesu]] {{res|Coemeterium Monumentalis Cothonei}} ([[Italice]] ''Cimitero Monumentale di Codogno'') est sepulcretum in civitate [[Cothoneum|Cothonei]] situm, prope ipsum oppidi centrum, inter ecclesiam Nostrae Dominae [[Caravagium|Caravagii]] et [[valetudinarium]] municipale.<ref>[https://www.lombardiabeniculturali.it/architetture/schede/LO370-00018/ Cimitero di Codogno]</ref> == Historia == Coemeterium formam rectangulam habet et ex tribus areis constat. Die [[2 Iunii]] [[2020]], anniversarii diei Rei Publicae, praeses [[Sergius Mattarella]] coemeterium visitavit ut honorem victimis pestilentiae [[COVID-19]] tribueret.<ref>[https://milano.repubblica.it/cronaca/2020/06/02/news/mattarella_codogno_festa_della_repubblica_2_giugno_coronavirus-258235276/ 2 Giugno, Mattarella a Codogno: "Da qui riparte l'Italia del coraggio e da qui ribadiamo i valori della Costituzione"]</ref> == Sepulcra notabilia == * [[Raimundus Pandini]], ([[1810]]–[[1889]]), politicus * [[Iosephus Novello]], ([[1897]]–[[1988]]) pictor * [[Virgilius Muzzi]], ([[1923]]–[[2010]]), scriptor [[Narratio picta|narrationis pictae]]. * [[Iosephus Pagani]], ([[1937]]–[[2023]]) scriptor diarii et moderator radiophonicus ==Bibliographia== * Palazzina D., Cenni storici di Codogno, Mediolanum 1964, pp. 234-235 == Notae == <references /> ==Nexus externi== {{fontes geographici}} * [https://www.lombardiabeniculturali.it/architetture/schede/LO370-00018/ Coemeterium Monumentale Cothonei apud Lombardia Beni Culturali, Regio Langobardiae] {{ling|Italice}} {{stipula}} [[Categoria:Langobardia]] [[Categoria:Coemeteria]] bpa4xv4tdpk6b81w62cz79ju0p8wo9t 1 326690 3971803 2026-07-13T13:05:54Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Neutrum? */ nova pars 3971803 wikitext text/x-wiki == Neutrum? == Coemeterium neutrum est. Cur igitur monumentalis et non monumentale? [[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 13:05, 13 Iulii 2026 (UTC) m2t71da0fhegya33gr3qgznzmw739ac 3971881 3971803 2026-07-13T21:15:30Z Grufo 64423 Grufo movit paginam [[Disputatio:Coemeterium Monumentalis Cothonei]] ad [[Disputatio:Coemeterium Monumentale Cothonei]]: Concordantia 3971803 wikitext text/x-wiki == Neutrum? == Coemeterium neutrum est. Cur igitur monumentalis et non monumentale? [[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 13:05, 13 Iulii 2026 (UTC) m2t71da0fhegya33gr3qgznzmw739ac 3971884 3971881 2026-07-13T21:19:38Z Grufo 64423 /* Neutrum? */ Responsum 3971884 wikitext text/x-wiki == Neutrum? == Coemeterium neutrum est. Cur igitur monumentalis et non monumentale? [[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 13:05, 13 Iulii 2026 (UTC) : Mihi videtur fuisse menda. Novum nomen paginae dedi. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 21:19, 13 Iulii 2026 (UTC) ro9pw8a6u0v8sho7pawbfy7qykkj4ol 2 326691 3971834 2026-07-13T14:40:08Z Syunsyunminmin 155700 Syunsyunminmin movit paginam [[Usor:とるてぃ]] ad [[Usor:Toruti17]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/とるてぃ|とるてぃ]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Toruti17|Toruti17]]" 3971834 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Usor:Toruti17]] ilrpi96kmx73urpjre1lo6o02ozcjus 0 326692 3971860 2026-07-13T16:50:52Z Neander 1973 Paginam instituit, scribens '[[Fasciculus:Kinema-Junpo-1967-March-late-2.jpg|thumb|Scaena pelliculae Godardianae ''Pierrot le fou'' ([[1967]])]]. {{ores|Nova unda Francica}} ([[Francogallice]] 'la Nouvelle vague') fuit genus cinematographicum [[cinematographia Francica|pellicularum Francicarum]], quod fere ad [[anni 1960|annos 1960]] pertinebat. Sed origo motus ponenda est in anno [[1959]], quo duae pelliculae exemplares — ''Les quatre cents coups (pellicula 1959)|Les quatre cents co...' 3971860 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Kinema-Junpo-1967-March-late-2.jpg|thumb|Scaena pelliculae Godardianae ''Pierrot le fou'' ([[1967]])]]. {{ores|Nova unda Francica}} ([[Francogallice]] 'la Nouvelle vague') fuit genus cinematographicum [[cinematographia Francica|pellicularum Francicarum]], quod fere ad [[anni 1960|annos 1960]] pertinebat. Sed origo motus ponenda est in anno [[1959]], quo duae pelliculae exemplares — ''[[Les quatre cents coups (pellicula 1959)|Les quatre cents coups]]'' a [[Franciscus Truffaut|Francisco Truffaut]] diposita, et ''[[Hiroshima, mon amour (pellicula 1959)|Hiroshima, mon amour]]'' ab [[Alanus Resnais|Alano Resnais]] f[[]]acta — in lucem editae sunt. Praeterea addenda est ''[[À bout de souffle (pellicula 1960)|À bout de souffle]]'' ab [[Ioannes Lucas Godard|Ioanne Luca Godard]] anno [[1960]] disposita. Illi tres dispositores auctores Novae undae habentur. Aliae auctores insignes sunt [[Claudius Chabrol]], [[Jacobus Rivette]], [[Ericus Rohmer]], [[Ludovicus Malle]], [[Agnes Varda]]. == Bibliographia == * Marie, Marcel (1997) ''La Nouvelle Vague: Une école artistique''. Nathan. jxj4t36b9tz8o9lrthgt4dyooztv0vu 3971862 3971860 2026-07-13T16:56:05Z Neander 1973 3971862 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Kinema-Junpo-1967-March-late-2.jpg|thumb|Scaena pelliculae Godardianae ''Pierrot le fou'' ([[1967]])]]. {{ores|Nova unda Francica}} ([[Francogallice]] 'la Nouvelle vague') fuit genus cinematographicum [[cinematographia Francica|pellicularum Francicarum]], quod fere ad [[anni 1960|annos 1960]] pertinebat. Sed origo motus ponenda est in anno [[1959]], quo duae pelliculae exemplares — ''[[Les quatre cents coups (pellicula 1959)|Les quatre cents coups]]'' a [[Franciscus Truffaut|Francisco Truffaut]] diposita, et ''[[Hiroshima, mon amour (pellicula 1959)|Hiroshima, mon amour]]'' ab [[Alanus Resnais|Alano Resnais]] facta — in lucem editae sunt. Praeterea addenda est ''[[À bout de souffle (pellicula 1960)|À bout de souffle]]'' ab [[Ioannes Lucas Godard|Ioanne Luca Godard]] anno [[1960]] disposita. Illi tres dispositores auctores Novae undae habentur. Aliae auctores insignes sunt [[Claudius Chabrol]], [[Jacobus Rivette]], [[Ericus Rohmer]], [[Ludovicus Malle]], [[Agnes Varda]]. == Bibliographia == * Marie, Marcel (1997) ''La Nouvelle Vague: Une école artistique''. Nathan. 5a49u0nyekjrw6yuh7eh0ik7lcrow91 3971875 3971862 2026-07-13T21:03:08Z Grufo 64423 +{{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}}; typographia 3971875 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Kinema-Junpo-1967-March-late-2.jpg|thumb|Scaena pelliculae Godardianae {{Op|Pierrot le fou}} ([[1967]])]] {{ires|Nova unda Francica}} ([[Francogallice]] ‘la Nouvelle vague’) fuit genus cinematographicum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|cinematographia Francica|pellicularum Francicarum|fr|qid=Q242080}}, quod fere ad [[anni 1960|decennium 197]] pertinuit. Sed origo motus ponenda est in anno [[1959]], quo duae pelliculae exemplares — {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Les quatre cents coups (pellicula 1959)|Les quatre cents coups|fr|qid=Q162331}}}} a [[Franciscus Truffaut|Francisco Truffaut]] diposita, et {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Hiroshima, mon amour (pellicula 1959)|Hiroshima, mon amour|fr|qid=Q283036}}}} ab [[Alanus Resnais|Alano Resnais]] facta — in lucem editae sunt. Praeterea addenda est ''[[À bout de souffle (pellicula 1960)|À bout de souffle]]'' a [[Ioannes Lucas Godard|Ioanne Luca Godard]] anno [[1960]] disposita. Illi tres dispositores auctores Novae undae habentur. Aliae auctores insignes sunt [[Claudius Chabrol]], [[Iacobus Rivette|Jacobus Rivette]], [[Ericus Rohmer]], [[Ludovicus Malle]], [[Agnes Varda]]. == Bibliographia == * {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Marie | nomen auctoris = Marcel | titulus = La Nouvelle Vague: Une école artistique | annus = 1997 | domus editoria = Nathan | locus = [[Lutetia]]e | url = https://archive.org/details/lanouvellevagueu0000mari | isbn = 2-09-190690-5 }} 4n4tqrg9q59def6qhbw2jw4ua1g29sh 3971876 3971875 2026-07-13T21:05:26Z Grufo 64423 3971876 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Kinema-Junpo-1967-March-late-2.jpg|thumb|Scaena pelliculae Godardianae {{Op|Pierrot le fou}} ([[1967]])]] {{ires|Nova unda Francica}} ([[Francogallice]] ‘la Nouvelle vague’) fuit genus cinematographicum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|cinematographia Francica|pellicularum Francicarum|fr|qid=Q242080}}, quod fere ad [[anni 1960|decennium 197]] pertinuit. Sed origo motūs ponenda est in anno [[1959]], quo duae pelliculae exemplares—{{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Les quatre cents coups (pellicula 1959)|Les quatre cents coups|fr|qid=Q162331}}}} a [[Franciscus Truffaut|Francisco Truffaut]] diposita, et {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Hiroshima, mon amour (pellicula 1959)|Hiroshima, mon amour|fr|qid=Q283036}}}} ab [[Alanus Resnais|Alano Resnais]] facta—in lucem editae sunt. Praeterea addenda est ''[[À bout de souffle (pellicula 1960)|À bout de souffle]]'' a [[Ioannes Lucas Godard|Ioanne Luca Godard]] anno [[1960]] disposita. Illi tres dispositores auctores Novae undae habentur. Aliae auctores insignes sunt [[Claudius Chabrol]], [[Iacobus Rivette|Jacobus Rivette]], [[Ericus Rohmer]], [[Ludovicus Malle]], [[Agnes Varda]]. == Bibliographia == * {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Marie | nomen auctoris = Marcel | titulus = La Nouvelle Vague: Une école artistique | annus = 1997 | domus editoria = Nathan | locus = [[Lutetia]]e | url = https://archive.org/details/lanouvellevagueu0000mari | isbn = 2-09-190690-5 }} i6pztctiup3o4t95ekftsxcg9cd5m5h 3971877 3971876 2026-07-13T21:09:04Z Grufo 64423 +‘|accessus ad url=socii’ 3971877 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Kinema-Junpo-1967-March-late-2.jpg|thumb|Scaena pelliculae Godardianae {{Op|Pierrot le fou}} ([[1967]])]] {{ires|Nova unda Francica}} ([[Francogallice]] ‘la Nouvelle vague’) fuit genus cinematographicum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|cinematographia Francica|pellicularum Francicarum|fr|qid=Q242080}}, quod fere ad [[anni 1960|decennium 197]] pertinuit. Sed origo motūs ponenda est in anno [[1959]], quo duae pelliculae exemplares—{{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Les quatre cents coups (pellicula 1959)|Les quatre cents coups|fr|qid=Q162331}}}} a [[Franciscus Truffaut|Francisco Truffaut]] diposita, et {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Hiroshima, mon amour (pellicula 1959)|Hiroshima, mon amour|fr|qid=Q283036}}}} ab [[Alanus Resnais|Alano Resnais]] facta—in lucem editae sunt. Praeterea addenda est ''[[À bout de souffle (pellicula 1960)|À bout de souffle]]'' a [[Ioannes Lucas Godard|Ioanne Luca Godard]] anno [[1960]] disposita. Illi tres dispositores auctores Novae undae habentur. Aliae auctores insignes sunt [[Claudius Chabrol]], [[Iacobus Rivette|Jacobus Rivette]], [[Ericus Rohmer]], [[Ludovicus Malle]], [[Agnes Varda]]. == Bibliographia == * {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Marie | nomen auctoris = Marcel | titulus = La Nouvelle Vague: Une école artistique | annus = 1997 | domus editoria = Nathan | locus = [[Lutetia]]e | url = https://archive.org/details/lanouvellevagueu0000mari | accessus ad url = socii | isbn = 2-09-190690-5 }} kpstzanoaacis0g2otjek4qzw84ke75 0 326693 3971871 2026-07-13T20:21:42Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Redirigens ad [[Estonia]] 3971871 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Estonia]] oynez03msq5jwihp82r62zgyodnif15 0 326694 3971872 2026-07-13T20:41:50Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Redirigens ad [[Terra advocatorum]] 3971872 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Terra advocatorum]] 1b1dg0azwrrzoiubmn1mkh759b7g1fn 0 326695 3971874 2026-07-13T20:54:13Z Grufo 64423 Redirectionem creavi 3971874 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Nova unda Francica]] 4epbv8qylw6pjnj6ev4rbplauzd9r4m 0 326696 3971880 2026-07-13T21:15:30Z Grufo 64423 Grufo movit paginam [[Coemeterium Monumentalis Cothonei]] ad [[Coemeterium Monumentale Cothonei]]: Concordantia 3971880 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Coemeterium Monumentale Cothonei]] 8xp6mqvf50675gv5t3399pwyxicj042 1 326697 3971882 2026-07-13T21:15:30Z Grufo 64423 Grufo movit paginam [[Disputatio:Coemeterium Monumentalis Cothonei]] ad [[Disputatio:Coemeterium Monumentale Cothonei]]: Concordantia 3971882 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Disputatio:Coemeterium Monumentale Cothonei]] 85pwg269yso5f3nyohkpjh7i338r4zh 0 326698 3971896 2026-07-13T22:42:27Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Redirigens ad [[Thuringia]] 3971896 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Thuringia]] sbtjiq7yx8uvm12ehhdx7aaizhfaakd 0 326699 3971898 2026-07-13T22:44:26Z Grufo 64423 Redirectionem ad [[Eugenius (imperator)|Eugenium (imperatorem)]] creavi 3971898 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Eugenius (imperator)]] fckxv7ckibbm4sdxde8kb1ocdmg7f99 0 326700 3971914 2026-07-14T06:01:33Z Pippobuono 54500 creatio a francica documentatione 3971914 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Le Puid, Église de l'Assomption-de-Notre-Dame.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Le Puid: [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]] [[Assumptio]]ni [[Maria (mater Iesu)|Nostrae Dominae]] dicata.]] {{res|Le Puid}} est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 116 incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegi]] in regione [[Magnus Oriens|Magno Oriente]]. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Vosegi]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Le Puid|Le Puid}} {{Fontes geographici}} {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Vosegi]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Vosegi]] ivrq6i1rqiq4oj16ze5i1ohhqlmhrbd 3971938 3971914 2026-07-14T10:24:27Z IacobusAmor 1163 3971938 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Le Puid, Église de l'Assomption-de-Notre-Dame.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Communis [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]], [[Assumptio]]ni [[Maria (mater Iesu)|Nostrae Dominae]] dicata.]] {{res|Le Puid}} est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 116 incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegi]] in regione [[Magnus Oriens|Magno Oriente]]. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Vosegi]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Le Puid|Le Puid}} {{Fontes geographici}} {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Vosegi]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Vosegi]] mlzrmklfkn81ubt5jem2j56iiu7lpi3 1 326701 3971915 2026-07-14T06:03:24Z Pippobuono 54500 attributio 3971915 wikitext text/x-wiki {{attributio|fr|Le Puid|237278098}} 0bfde9v3hp001bg3osenj4w4i8wrfik 1 326702 3971925 2026-07-14T06:29:33Z Jondel 452 /* ractione */ nova pars 3971925 wikitext text/x-wiki == ractione == Quod est 'ractione' ? ;custodia datur a ractione: he was imprisoned by the (communists?)(ractione?) ? [[Usor:Jondel|Jondel]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Jondel|disputatio]]) 06:29, 14 Iulii 2026 (UTC) ayztm8tpvo7ankuqz8mmjdk0v1y0q68