Linguistica

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'''Linguistica''', sive plenius '''linguistica generalis,''' etiam '''glottologia,''' est [[scientia (ratio)|scientia]] quae quaslibet [[lingua|linguas naturales]] pertractat, quali [[vox|vocum]] sive [[linguae gesticulatoriae|gestuum]], [[verbum (generale)|verborum]], [[sententia (linguistica)|sententiarum]], [[significatio]]numque [[structura]] constitutae sint. ''Lingua naturalis'' est [[terminus technicus]], qui ad linguas [[societas humana|humanas]] adhibetur. ''Naturalem'' dicimus, quia velut [[natura]], id est: sponte sua, ex [[homo|hominum]] inter se loquentium actuum multitudine creverunt continuoque crescunt, nec [[mathematicus|mathematicorum]] artificiis constructae sunt. Itaque [[lingua formalis|linguae formales]], quippe quae nihil in [[societas humana|mundo sociali]] attingunt, ad linguisticam non pertinent (quamquam etiam [[linguista]]e interdum rationibus formalibus utuntur). ''Humanam'' dicimus, quia talibus de [[signum (ars semiotica)|signis]] agitur, quae ex forma et significatione constant. 

Linguistica est pars [[semiotica]]e, quae omnium generum [[signum|signa]] et signalia [[communicatio|communicativa]], sive [[vox|vocibus]] emissa sive [[gestus|gestibus]] expressa sive [[pictura|picturis]] effecta, pertractat. 

Studia linguistica ex maxima parte ad singulas linguas describendas pertinent. Quibus in studiis [[philologia]] et [[linguistica corporum]] magnas partes agunt. Constat quamque linguam [[systema]] esse ex subsystematibus constans. Descriptionem structurae linguae perficit [[grammatica]] scientifica, quae multiplicem imaginem [[diagramma]]ticam subsystematum describendorum praebet. 

== De divisionibus linguisticae ==
In linguistica, quamquam per singularum linguarum exemple proficitur, tamen quaestiones generales ad naturam ac pertractationem linguae naturalis pertinentes proponuntur: 
# Quomodo a ceteris nuntiorum communicandorum modis differt lingua naturalis? Quae sunt eius virtutes et propietates?
# Quem ad finem linguam humanam informavit natura hominis, quem ad finem [[cultura|mores]] et consuetudines sociales linguam figurant? Quomodo pro portione sua mores et actus hominum lingua naturali informantur? Quomodo denique lingua naturalis apud hominem valet?
# Quae sunt partes structurales et propietates generales linguae humanae? [[Universalia linguistica]] -- suntne, et si sunt, qualia sunt et quomodo investigantur? 
# Singulae linguae, siquidem ex eodem ingenio humano natae sunt, nihilo minus multum inter se differunt. Suntne huic differentiae certi fines? [[Linguae mundi]] quatenus in classes [[typologia linguistica|typologicas]] dividi possunt?
# Lingua(e usus) quomodo ad alias actiones [[scientia cognitiva|cognitivas]] refertur? Systema linguae quomodo ad usum linguae refertur?
# Cur et quomodo mutantur structurae linguarum? [[Linguistica diachrona]] et [[linguistica historica]] quomodo inter se differunt? 
# Quae sunt ''input'' sive indita descriptionis grammaticae?

Linguistica generalis proprio et stricto sensu e nucleo quodam [[linguistica descriptiva|descriptivo]] constat, in quo elementa cuiusque subsystematis eorumque relationes syntagmaticae et [[paradigma|paradigmticae]] enumerantur. Quem nucleum etiam [[linguistica descriptiva|linguisticam autonomam]] appellari decet. Nam autonoma est, quod in ea definitur, quae elementa quaeque inter elementa rationes in lingua describenda sint. Antequam enim usum aut mutationem elementorum pertractare potuerimus, cognoscere primum debebimus, elementa illa quae sint.&lt;ref&gt;Itkonen 1978.&lt;/ref&gt; Quod scimus, [[Panines]], grammaticus [[India|Indicus]], primam explicationem autonomam, mere descriptivam, [[lingua Sanscrita|linguae Sanscritae]] octo capitulis (Sanscritice ''Aṣṭādhyāyī'', अष्टाध्यायी) circa annum [[500 a.C.n.]] confecit.

In studiis linguisticis—cogitatione quidem, non re—omnes linguae aequum locum obtinent, quamquam nemo negare potest [[lingua Anglica|linguam Anglicam]], nec non linguas Europaeas, in his studiis maximas partes agere. Sed non nisi initium factum est. Forsitan addito tempore haec iniquitas corrigatur. In studiis linguisticis lingua, sive de lingua in genere sive de singulis linguis agitur, ut systema tractatur ex subsystematibus constans. Qui intellectus linguae a [[Ferdinandus de Saussure|Ferdinando de Saussure]] duci solet, qui dum vivit id agebat, ut linguisticae suam cuius studium habeat rem instituat, suamque inter studia scientifica viam propriam munitaret: linguisticam scientiam autonomam esse de solis structuris agentem, quae suam habeat rationem propriam, nec solum in [[phonetica]]m aut [[psychologia]]m reduci possit.&lt;ref&gt;Saussure 1922: 20-26.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Partes linguisticae ==
{{div col|3}}
* [[Linguistica anthropologica]]
* [[Linguistica comparativa]]
* [[Linguistica quantitativa]]
* [[Linguistica generativa]]
* [[Linguistica practica]]
* [[Linguistica quantitativa]]
* [[Morphologia (linguistica)|Morphologia]]
* [[Neurolinguistica]]
* [[Onomastica]]
* [[Phonologia]]
* [[Psycholinguistica]]
* [[Semantica]]
* [[Sociolinguistica]]
* [[Syntaxis]]
{{div col end}}

== Linguistae maximi momenti ==
*[[Leonardus Bloomfield]], linguista [[Civitates Foederatae|Americanus]], qui evolutionem [[Linguistica structuralis|linguisticae structuralis]] in Civitatibus Foederatis annis inter duo bella mundana (imprimis inter 1930 - 1940) efficaciter direxit. 
*[[Franciscus Bopp]], linguarum investigator et comparator [[Germania|Theodiscus]], qui, una cum [[Rasmus Rask|Rasmo Rask]], [[Methodus historico-comparativa|linguisticae historico-comparativae]] et studiorum [[Linguae Indoeuropaeae|Indoeuropaeorum]] conditor existimatur. 
*[[Carolus Brugmann]], inter studiorum Indoeuropaeorum conditores et [[Neogrammatici|Neogrammaticos]] [[Alma mater Lipsiensis|Universitatis Lipsiensis]] inscribitur.
*[[Carolus Bühler]], excogitavit theoriam linguisticam, quam &quot;Organon-Modell&quot; (simulacrum organon) appellavit.
*[[Noam Chomsky]], [[Grammatica generativa|grammaticam generativam]] condidit.
*[[Iosephus Greenberg]], latissimas de typologia linguarum investigationes peregit, classificationem linguarum [[Africa]]narum condidit, familias [[Linguae Amerindae|linguarum Amerindarum]] et [[Linguae Eurasiaticae|Eurasiaticarum]] postulavit.
*[[Iacobus Grimm]] et [[Guilielmus Grimm]], conditores [[philologia]]e Germanicae habentur.
*[[Zellig Harris]], initio [[Linguae Semiticae|Semitista]], magis notus ob opera de linguistica structurali, auctor maximi momenti [[Descriptivismus|descriptivismi]] Americani.
*[[Ludovicus Hjelmslev]], linguista [[Dania|Danicus]], linguisticae structulali in [[Europa]] fovit, [[Schola Hafnensis|scholam Hafnensem]] condidit.
*[[Gulielmus von Humboldt]], [[Linguistica comparativa|linguisticam comparativam]] condidit
*[[Romanus Jakobson]], studia maximi momenti de lingua acquirenda perfecit.
*[[Gulielmus Labov]], conditor disciplinae [[sociolinguistica]]e late habetur.
*[[Georgius Lakoff]], linguista Americanista, qui [[Linguistica cognitiva|linguisticae cognitivae]] studet.
*[[Eric Lenneberg]], elementa linguae [[biologia|biologica]] investigavit.
*[[Antonius Meillet]], linguis Indoeuropaeis studuit, vim [[oeconomia]]e in lingua mutanda investigavit.
*[[Hermannus Osthoff]], inter conditores studiorum Indoeuropaeorum et Neogrammaticos numeratur. 
*[[Panines]],  grammaticus saeculi quinti vel quarti a.C.n., qui regulas linguae Sanscritae formulis brevissimis plene et compacte explicuit.
*[[Hermannus Paul (grammaticus)|Hermannus Paul]], linguista Theodiscus et lexicographus, particeps gregis Neogrammaticorum.
*[[Harm Pinkster]],  secundum [[Universitas Chicaginiensis|Universitatem Chicaginiensem]], quae eum anno [[2006]] laurea honoris causa ornavit, &quot;the world’s leading authority on Latin linguistics&quot; (maxima toto orbe terrarum auctoritas in linguistica Latina).
*[[Eduardus Sapir]], a quo Sapir-Whorf-Hypothesis nomen traxit
*[[Ferdinandus de Saussure]],  philologus et [[Semiotica|semioticus]] [[Helvetia|Helveticus]] linguarum Indoeuropaearum peritus.
*[[Augustus Schleicher]], excogitavit sic dictam [[Stammbaumtheorie]] ('theoriam arboris familiaris'), quae fuit gradatio in linguis Indoeuropaeis investigandis.
*[[Ioannes Schmidt]], linguista Germanicus, qui &quot;doctrinam undarum&quot; (Theodisce Wellentheorie) originum et evolutionis linguae posuit.
*[[Nicolaus Trubeckoj]],  linguista [[Russia|Russicus]] (ab anno 1922 [[Vindobona]]e degens), ut conditor [[Morphophonologia|morphophonologiae]] aestimatus, unus e conditoribus [[Circulus linguisticus Pragensis|Circuli linguistici Pragensis]].
*[[Georgius Kingsley Zipf]], investigationes eius maximi momenti sunt pro [[Linguistica quantitativa]] (&quot;Leges Zipf&quot;).
*[[Galaad Zuckermann]],  glottologus et linguisticae professor.

{{NexInt}}
*[[Aphasia]]
*[[Robbins Burling]]
*[[Etymologia]]
*[[Graphetica]]
*[[Historia linguisticae]]
*[[Philosophia linguae]]

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
* Aitchison, Jean. [[1999]]. ''Linguistics: An Introduction.'' Londinii: Hodder &amp; Stoughton.
* Akmajian, Adrian, Richard Demers, Ann Farmer, et Robert Harnish. [[2010]]. ''Linguistics: An Introduction to Language and Communication.'' Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: The MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-51370-6.
* Crystal, David. [[1990]]. ''Linguistics.'' Penguin Books. 
* Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman &amp; Nina Hymes. [[2008]]. ''An Introduction to Language.'' Editio octava. Bostoniae: Thomson Wadsworth, ISBN 978-1-4130-1773-1.
* Greenberg, Joseph. [[1948]]. &quot;Linguistics and ethnology.&quot; ''Southwestern Journal of Anthropology'' 4: 140–47. 
* Hall, Christopher. [[2005]]. ''An Introduction to Language and Linguistics: Breaking the Language Spell.'' Routledge
* Halliday, Michael A. K. [[2006]]. ''On Language and Linguistics'', ed. Jonathan Webster. Londinii &amp; Novi Eboraci: Continuum.
* Hudson, G. [[2000]]. ''Essential Introductory Linguistics.'' Oxoniae: Blackwell.
* Itkonen, Esa. [[1978]]. ''Grammatical theory and metascience.'' Amstelodami: Benjamins.
* Lyons, John. [[1991]]. ''Natural Language and Universal Grammar.'' Novi Ebroaci: Cambridge University Press. 
* Lyons, John. [[1995]]. ''Linguistic Semantics.'' Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. 
* Martinet, André. [[1970]]. ''Éléments de linguistique générale.'' Lutetiae: Armand Colin.
* Sapir, Edward. [[1921]]. ''Language: An introduction to the study of speech.'' Novi Eboraci: Harcourt, Brace and company.
* Saussure, Ferdinand de. [[1922]]. ''Cours de linguistique générale'' publié par Charles Bally et Albert Sechehaye avec la collaboration de Albert Riedlinger. Lutetiae: Payot.
* Taylor, John R. [[2003]]. ''Cognitive Grammar.'' Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. 
* Trask, R. L. [[1995]]. ''Language: The Basics.'' Londinii: Routledge.
* Ungerer, Friedrich &amp; Hans-Jorg Schmid. [[1996]]. ''An Introduction to Cognitive Linguistics.'' Harloviae Angliae: Longman.

== Nexus externi ==
{{div col|2}}
* [https://personal.unizar.es/garciala/bibliography.html Bibliographia] (anglice)
* [http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Linguistics Citizendium] (anglice)
* [http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/index.htm Glossarium vocabulorum linguisticae] (anglice)
* [http://www.glottopedia.org Glottopedia]
* [http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/ Language Log] (anglice)
* [http://www.linguisticsociety.org/ Societas Linguistica Americae]
* [http://www.lingforum.com LingForum] (anglice)
* [http://linguistlist.org/ The Linguist List] (anglice)
* [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Language Scholarpedia] (anglice)
{{div col end}}

{{Scientiae humanae}}
{{1000 paginae}}
{{Myrias|Anthropologia}}

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'''Linguistica''', sive plenius '''linguistica generalis,''' etiam '''glottologia,''' est [[scientia (ratio)|scientia]] quae quaslibet [[lingua|linguas naturales]] pertractat, quali [[vox|vocum]] sive [[linguae gesticulatoriae|gestuum]], [[verbum (generale)|verborum]], [[sententia (linguistica)|sententiarum]], [[significatio]]numque [[structura]] constitutae sint. ''Lingua naturalis'' est [[terminus technicus]], qui ad linguas [[societas humana|humanas]] adhibetur. ''Naturalem'' dicimus, quia velut [[natura]], id est: sponte sua, ex [[homo|hominum]] inter se loquentium actuum multitudine creverunt continuoque crescunt, nec [[mathematicus|mathematicorum]] artificiis constructae sunt. Itaque [[lingua formalis|linguae formales]], quippe quae nihil in [[societas humana|mundo sociali]] attingunt, ad linguisticam non pertinent (quamquam etiam [[linguista]]e interdum rationibus formalibus utuntur). ''Humanam'' dicimus, quia talibus de [[signum (ars semiotica)|signis]] agitur, quae ex forma et significatione constant. 

Linguistica est pars [[semiotica]]e, quae omnium generum [[signum|signa]] et signalia [[communicatio|communicativa]], sive [[vox|vocibus]] emissa sive [[gestus|gestibus]] expressa sive [[pictura|picturis]] effecta, pertractat. 

Studia linguistica ex maxima parte ad singulas linguas describendas pertinent. Quibus in studiis [[philologia]] et [[linguistica corporum]] magnas partes agunt. Constat quamque linguam [[systema]] esse ex subsystematibus constans. Descriptionem structurae linguae perficit [[grammatica]] scientifica, quae multiplicem imaginem [[diagramma]]ticam subsystematum describendorum praebet. 

== De divisionibus linguisticae ==
In linguistica, quamquam per singularum linguarum exemple proficitur, tamen quaestiones generales ad naturam ac pertractationem linguae naturalis pertinentes proponuntur: 
# Quomodo a ceteris nuntiorum communicandorum modis differt lingua naturalis? Quae sunt eius virtutes et propietates?
# Quem ad finem linguam humanam informavit natura hominis, quem ad finem [[cultura|mores]] et consuetudines sociales linguam figurant? Quomodo pro portione sua mores et actus hominum lingua naturali informantur? Quomodo denique lingua naturalis apud hominem valet?
# Quae sunt partes structurales et propietates generales linguae humanae? [[Universalia linguistica]] -- suntne, et si sunt, qualia sunt et quomodo investigantur? 
# Singulae linguae, siquidem ex eodem ingenio humano natae sunt, nihilo minus multum inter se differunt. Suntne huic differentiae certi fines? [[Linguae mundi]] quatenus in classes [[typologia linguistica|typologicas]] dividi possunt?
# Lingua(e usus) quomodo ad alias actiones [[scientia cognitiva|cognitivas]] refertur? Systema linguae quomodo ad usum linguae refertur?
# Cur et quomodo mutantur structurae linguarum? [[Linguistica diachrona]] et [[linguistica historica]] quomodo inter se differunt? 
# Quae sunt ''input'' sive indita descriptionis grammaticae?

Linguistica generalis proprio et stricto sensu e nucleo quodam [[linguistica descriptiva|descriptivo]] constat, in quo elementa cuiusque subsystematis eorumque relationes syntagmaticae et [[paradigma|paradigmticae]] enumerantur. Quem nucleum etiam [[linguistica descriptiva|linguisticam autonomam]] appellari decet. Nam autonoma est, quod in ea definitur, quae elementa quaeque inter elementa rationes in lingua describenda sint. Antequam enim usum aut mutationem elementorum pertractare potuerimus, cognoscere primum debebimus, elementa illa quae sint.&lt;ref&gt;Itkonen 1978.&lt;/ref&gt; Quod scimus, [[Panines]], grammaticus [[India|Indicus]], primam explicationem autonomam, mere descriptivam, [[lingua Sanscrita|linguae Sanscritae]] octo capitulis (Sanscritice ''Aṣṭādhyāyī'', अष्टाध्यायी) circa annum [[500 a.C.n.]] confecit.

In studiis linguisticis—cogitatione quidem, non re—omnes linguae aequum locum obtinent, quamquam nemo negare potest [[lingua Anglica|linguam Anglicam]], nec non linguas Europaeas, in his studiis maximas partes agere. Sed non nisi initium factum est. Forsitan addito tempore haec iniquitas corrigatur. In studiis linguisticis lingua, sive de lingua in genere sive de singulis linguis agitur, ut systema tractatur ex subsystematibus constans. Qui intellectus linguae a [[Ferdinandus de Saussure|Ferdinando de Saussure]] duci solet, qui dum vivit id agebat, ut linguisticae suam cuius studium habeat rem instituat, suamque inter studia scientifica viam propriam munitaret: linguisticam scientiam autonomam esse de solis structuris agentem, quae suam habeat rationem propriam, nec solum in [[phonetica]]m aut [[psychologia]]m reduci possit.&lt;ref&gt;Saussure 1922: 20-26.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Partes linguisticae ==
{{div col|3}}
* [[Linguistica anthropologica]]
* [[Linguistica comparativa]]
* [[Linguistica quantitativa]]
* [[Linguistica generativa]]
* [[Linguistica practica]]
* [[Linguistica quantitativa]]
* [[Morphologia (linguistica)|Morphologia]]
* [[Neurolinguistica]]
* [[Onomastica]]
* [[Phonologia]]
* [[Psycholinguistica]]
* [[Semantica]]
* [[Sociolinguistica]]
* [[Syntaxis]]
{{div col end}}

== Linguistae maximi momenti ==
*[[Leonardus Bloomfield]], linguista [[Civitates Foederatae|Americanus]], qui evolutionem [[Linguistica structuralis|linguisticae structuralis]] in Civitatibus Foederatis annis inter duo bella mundana (imprimis inter 1930 - 1940) efficaciter direxit. 
*[[Franciscus Bopp]], linguarum investigator et comparator [[Germania|Theodiscus]], qui, una cum [[Rasmus Rask|Rasmo Rask]], [[Methodus historico-comparativa|linguisticae historico-comparativae]] et studiorum [[Linguae Indoeuropaeae|Indoeuropaeorum]] conditor existimatur. 
*[[Carolus Brugmann]], inter studiorum Indoeuropaeorum conditores et [[Neogrammatici|Neogrammaticos]] [[Alma mater Lipsiensis|Universitatis Lipsiensis]] inscribitur.
*[[Carolus Bühler]], excogitavit theoriam linguisticam, quam &quot;Organon-Modell&quot; (simulacrum organon) appellavit.
*[[Noam Chomsky]], [[Grammatica generativa|grammaticam generativam]] condidit.
*[[Iosephus Greenberg]], latissimas de typologia linguarum investigationes peregit, classificationem linguarum [[Africa]]narum condidit, familias [[Linguae Amerindae|linguarum Amerindarum]] et [[Linguae Eurasiaticae|Eurasiaticarum]] postulavit.
*[[Iacobus Grimm]] et [[Guilielmus Grimm]], conditores [[philologia]]e Germanicae habentur.
*[[Zellig Harris]], initio [[Linguae Semiticae|Semitista]], magis notus ob opera de linguistica structurali, auctor maximi momenti [[Descriptivismus|descriptivismi]] Americani.
*[[Ludovicus Hjelmslev]], linguista [[Dania|Danicus]], linguisticae structulali in [[Europa]] fovit, [[Schola Hafnensis|scholam Hafnensem]] condidit.
*[[Gulielmus von Humboldt]], [[Linguistica comparativa|linguisticam comparativam]] condidit
*[[Romanus Jakobson]], studia maximi momenti de lingua acquirenda perfecit.
*[[Gulielmus Labov]], conditor disciplinae [[sociolinguistica]]e late habetur.
*[[Georgius Lakoff]], linguista Americanista, qui [[Linguistica cognitiva|linguisticae cognitivae]] studet.
*[[Eric Lenneberg]], elementa linguae [[biologia|biologica]] investigavit.
*[[Antonius Meillet]], linguis Indoeuropaeis studuit, vim [[oeconomia]]e in lingua mutanda investigavit.
*[[Hermannus Osthoff]], inter conditores studiorum Indoeuropaeorum et Neogrammaticos numeratur. 
*[[Panines]],  grammaticus saeculi quinti vel quarti a.C.n., qui regulas linguae Sanscritae formulis brevissimis plene et compacte explicuit.
*[[Hermannus Paul (grammaticus)|Hermannus Paul]], linguista Theodiscus et lexicographus, particeps gregis Neogrammaticorum.
*[[Harm Pinkster]],  secundum [[Universitas Chicaginiensis|Universitatem Chicaginiensem]], quae eum anno [[2006]] laurea honoris causa ornavit, &quot;the world’s leading authority on Latin linguistics&quot; (maxima toto orbe terrarum auctoritas in linguistica Latina).
*[[Eduardus Sapir]], a quo Sapir-Whorf-Hypothesis nomen traxit
*[[Ferdinandus de Saussure]],  philologus et [[Semiotica|semioticus]] [[Helvetia|Helveticus]] linguarum Indoeuropaearum peritus.
*[[Augustus Schleicher]], excogitavit sic dictam [[Stammbaumtheorie]] ('theoriam arboris familiaris'), quae fuit gradatio in linguis Indoeuropaeis investigandis.
*[[Ioannes Schmidt]], linguista Germanicus, qui &quot;doctrinam undarum&quot; (Theodisce Wellentheorie) originum et evolutionis linguae posuit.
*[[Nicolaus Trubeckoj]],  linguista [[Russia|Russicus]] (ab anno 1922 [[Vindobona]]e degens), ut conditor [[Morphophonologia|morphophonologiae]] aestimatus, unus e conditoribus [[Circulus linguisticus Pragensis|Circuli linguistici Pragensis]].
*[[Georgius Kingsley Zipf]], investigationes eius maximi momenti sunt pro [[Linguistica quantitativa]] (&quot;Leges Zipf&quot;).
*[[Galaad Zuckermann]],  glottologus et linguisticae professor.

{{NexInt}}
* [[Aphasia]]
* [[Robbins Burling]]
* [[Dialectus]]
* [[Etymologia]]
* [[Graphetica]]
* [[Historia linguisticae]]
* [[Philosophia linguae]]
* [[Sprachbund]]

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
* Aitchison, Jean. [[1999]]. ''Linguistics: An Introduction.'' Londinii: Hodder &amp; Stoughton.
* Akmajian, Adrian, Richard Demers, Ann Farmer, et Robert Harnish. [[2010]]. ''Linguistics: An Introduction to Language and Communication.'' Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: The MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-51370-6.
* Crystal, David. [[1990]]. ''Linguistics.'' Penguin Books. 
* Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman &amp; Nina Hymes. [[2008]]. ''An Introduction to Language.'' Editio octava. Bostoniae: Thomson Wadsworth, ISBN 978-1-4130-1773-1.
* Greenberg, Joseph. [[1948]]. &quot;Linguistics and ethnology.&quot; ''Southwestern Journal of Anthropology'' 4: 140–47. 
* Hall, Christopher. [[2005]]. ''An Introduction to Language and Linguistics: Breaking the Language Spell.'' Routledge
* Halliday, Michael A. K. [[2006]]. ''On Language and Linguistics'', ed. Jonathan Webster. Londinii &amp; Novi Eboraci: Continuum.
* Hudson, G. [[2000]]. ''Essential Introductory Linguistics.'' Oxoniae: Blackwell.
* Itkonen, Esa. [[1978]]. ''Grammatical theory and metascience.'' Amstelodami: Benjamins.
* Lyons, John. [[1991]]. ''Natural Language and Universal Grammar.'' Novi Ebroaci: Cambridge University Press. 
* Lyons, John. [[1995]]. ''Linguistic Semantics.'' Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. 
* Martinet, André. [[1970]]. ''Éléments de linguistique générale.'' Lutetiae: Armand Colin.
* Sapir, Edward. [[1921]]. ''Language: An introduction to the study of speech.'' Novi Eboraci: Harcourt, Brace and company.
* Saussure, Ferdinand de. [[1922]]. ''Cours de linguistique générale'' publié par Charles Bally et Albert Sechehaye avec la collaboration de Albert Riedlinger. Lutetiae: Payot.
* Taylor, John R. [[2003]]. ''Cognitive Grammar.'' Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. 
* Trask, R. L. [[1995]]. ''Language: The Basics.'' Londinii: Routledge.
* Ungerer, Friedrich &amp; Hans-Jorg Schmid. [[1996]]. ''An Introduction to Cognitive Linguistics.'' Harloviae Angliae: Longman.

== Nexus externi ==
{{div col|2}}
* [https://personal.unizar.es/garciala/bibliography.html Bibliographia] (anglice)
* [http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Linguistics Citizendium] (anglice)
* [http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/index.htm Glossarium vocabulorum linguisticae] (anglice)
* [http://www.glottopedia.org Glottopedia]
* [http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/ Language Log] (anglice)
* [http://www.linguisticsociety.org/ Societas Linguistica Americae]
* [http://www.lingforum.com LingForum] (anglice)
* [http://linguistlist.org/ The Linguist List] (anglice)
* [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Language Scholarpedia] (anglice)
{{div col end}}

{{Scientiae humanae}}
{{1000 paginae}}
{{Myrias|Anthropologia}}

[[Categoria:Linguistica|!]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Pedemontium</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="11441" sha1="08ujklcddxpovnkpvjh22adqzx6677p" xml:space="preserve">{{pro pagina discretiva vide|Pedemontium (discretiva)}}
{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}

'''Pedemontium''',&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.it/books?id=UvsEaRJt0ZAC&amp;dq=Il+mondo+antico,+moderno,+e+novissimo,+tomo+1&amp;hl=it&amp;source=gbs_navlinks_s ''Il mondo antico, moderno, e novissimo'', Tomo primo, p. 262.]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;graesse&quot;&gt;&quot;Pedemontium, Pedimons, Pedismoncium, Pedemontana provincia, Pedemoncium&quot;: {{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Gallia Subalpina&quot;: ''[http://www.dizionario-latino.com/dizionario-italiano-latino.php?lemma=PIEMONTE100 Dizionario italiano-latino]''&lt;/ref&gt; [[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]] ''Piemonte'', est [[Regio Italiae|regio]] [[Italia|Italica]], circiter 4&amp;thinsp;436&amp;thinsp;798&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.tuttitalia.it/piemonte/ www.tuttitalia.it].&lt;/ref&gt; incolarum, in [[Italia septentrionalis|Italia septentrionali]] sita, inter septentriones et occidentem spectans, cuius [[caput (urbs)|caput]] est [[Augusta Taurinorum]].

== Historia ==
[[Antiquitas|Antiquitus]] haec regio in [[Gallia Cisalpina]] erat, olim [[Regio IX Liguria]] et [[Regio XI Transpadana]].

=== Terrae historicae ===
* [[Canapisium]] (seu [[Canavisium]] ac [[Ager Canapicensium]])
* [[Langae]]
* [[Pagus Rotarianus]]
* [[Ager Alexandrinus Statiellorum]] ''Alessandrino '',
* [[Ager Derthonensis]],
* [[Mons Ferratus]] (seu [[Mons Farratus]] et [[Mons Pharatus]]):
** [[Ager Aquensis]],
** [[Ager Uvadensis]],
** [[Ager Casalensis]],
** ''Gaviese'', 
** ''Valenzano'',
* [[Ager Novensis]].

== Oeconomia ==
* [[Oryzae sationes]]

== Geographia politica ==
=== Provinciae Pedemonti ===
* '''[[Urbs metropolitana Taurinensis]]''',
* [[Provincia Alexandrina Statiellorum]],
* [[Provincia Astensis]],
* [[Provincia Bugellensis]],
* [[Provincia Cuneensis]],
* [[Provincia Novariensis]],
* [[Provincia Verbanensis-Cusiana-Oscelensis]],
* [[Provincia Vercellensis]].

=== Loci principes provinciarum ===
* [[Augusta Taurinorum]],
* [[Alexandria Statiellorum]],
* [[Bugella]],
* [[Cuneum]],
* [[Hasta Pompeia]],
* [[Novaria]],
* [[Vercellae]],
* [[Verbania]], Verbani, Cusii Vallisque Oscellanae provinciae, Italice ''provincia di Verbano, Cusio e Ossola''

=== Urbes Italiae in Pedemontio ===
Urbes Italiae in Pedemontio regione '''65''' sunt:

# [[Alba Pompeia]],
# '''[[Alexandria (Italia)|Alexandria]]''' vel '''Alexandria a Palea''' et '''Alexandria Statiellorum''' (Italiane: ''[[:it:Alessandria|Alessandria]]''),
# [[Altessanum]] vel Venaria Regalis (Italiane: ''[[:it:Venaria Reale|Venaria Reale]]''),
# [[Aquae Statiellae]] (Italiane: ''[[:it:Acqui Terme|Acqui Terme]]''),
# [[Arona]] (Italiane: ''[[:it:Arona|Arona]]''),
# '''[[Augusta Taurinorum]]''' vel '''[[Taurasia]]''' (Italiane: ''[[:it:Torino|Torino]]''),
# [[Augusta Vagiennorum]] aut Salutiae (Italiane: ''[[:it:Saluzzo|Saluzzo]]''),
# [[Bavena]] vel Bavenum (Italiane: ''[[:it:Baveno|Baveno]]''),
# [[Bovitium]] (Italiane: ''[[:it:Boves|Boves]]''),
# [[Braida]] (Italiane: ''[[:it:Bra|Bra]]''),
# '''[[Bugella]]''' (Italiane: ''[[:it:Biella|Biella]]''),
# [[Burgarium]] (Italiane: ''[[:it:Borgaro Torinese|Borgaro Torinese]]''),
# [[Burgus Sancti Leonardi]], deinde Burgus de Mayneriis, (Italiane: ''[[:it:Borgomanero|Borgomanero]]''),
# [[Burgus Sesius]] vel Burgus Sessites (Italiane: ''[[:it:Borgosesia|Borgosesia]]''),
# [[Caballarium Maius]] sive Caballarium Leo vel Cavallarium Witberti (Italiane: ''[[:it:Cavallermaggiore|Cavallermaggiore]]''),
# [[Canderium]] (Italiane: ''[[:it:Candelo|Candelo]]''),
# [[Canellae]] (Italiane: ''[[:it:Canelli|Canelli]]''),
# [[Canobium]] (Italiane: ''[[:it:Cannobio|Cannobio]]''),
# [[Carmaniola]] (Italiane: ''[[:it:Carmagnola|Carmagnola]]''),
# [[Carinianum]] (Italiane: ''[[:it:Carignano|Carignano]]''),
# [[Carrea Potentia]] (Italiane: ''[[:it:Chieri|Chieri]]''),
# [[Casalis]] vel Casalis Montis Ferrati (Italiane: ''[[:it:Casale Monferrato|Casale Monferrato]]''),
# [[Casellum]] (Italiane: ''[[:it:Caselle Torinese|Caselle Torinese]]''),
# [[Castellum ad Montem]] (Italice: ''[[:it:Castellamonte|Castellamonte]]''),
# [[Ceba]] (Italiane: ''[[:it:Ceva|Ceva]]''),
# [[Ciriacum]], deinde Castrum Cerreti vel Cerretum (Italice: ''[[:it:Cirié|Cirié]]''),
# [[Civitas Sanctae Agathae]] (Italiane: ''[[:it:Santhià|Santhià]]''),
# [[Clavasium]] (Italiane: ''[[:it:Chivasso|Chivasso]]''),
# '''[[Cuneum]]''' (Italiane: ''[[:it:Cuneo|Cuneo]]''),
# [[Curtis Lancei]] (Curtis Lanceii) (Italiane: ''[[:it:Lanzo Torinese|Lanzo Torinese]]''),
# [[Derthona]] (Italiane: ''[[:it:Tortona|Tortona]]''),
# [[Eporedia]] (Italiane: ''[[:it:Ivrea|Ivrea]]''),
# [[Forum Fulvii]] seu Valentinum Forum (deinde Valentinum ac Valentia) (Italiane: ''[[:it:Valenza (Italia)|Valenza]]''),
# [[Fossanum]] (Italiane: ''[[:it:Fossano|Fossano]]''),
# [[Garexium]] vel Garessium (Italiane: ''[[:it:Garessio|Garessio]]''),
# [[Gatinaria]] (Italiane: ''[[:it:Gattinara|Gattinara]]''),
# [[Gravalona (Verbanus-Cusius-Oscela)|Gravalona]] (Italice: ''[[:it:Gravellona Toce|Gravellona Toce]]''),
# '''[[Hasta Pompeia]]''' (Italiane: ''[[:it:Asti|Asti]]''),
# [[Mons Calerius]] vel Mons Calerii (Italice: ''[[:it:Moncalieri|Moncalieri]]''),
# [[Mons Calvus]] vel Civitas Montis Calvi (Italiane: ''[[:it:Moncalvo|Moncalvo]]''),
# [[Mons Regalis in Pedemonte]] vel Mons Vici (Italiane: ''[[:it:Mondovì|Mondovì]]''),
# [[Nichelinum]] (Italiane: ''[[:it:Nichelino|Nichelino]]''),
# [[Nicia Palearum|Nicia]] vel [[Nicia Palearum|Nicea Palearum]] (Italiane: ''[[:it:Nizza Monferrato|Nizza Monferrato]]''),
# [[Novae]] (Italiane: ''[[:it:Novi Ligure|Novi Ligure]]''),
# '''[[Novaria]]''' (Italiane: ''[[:it:Novara|Novara]]''),
# [[Olegium]] (Italiane: ''[[:it:Oleggio|Oleggio]]''),
# [[Orbacianum]],
# Oscela Lepontiorum vel Domus Oscelae (Italiane: ''[[:it:Domodossola|Domodossola]]''),
# [[Pinarolium]] (Italiane: ''[[:it:Pinerolo|Pinerolo]]''),
# [[Pulcherada]] (''Pulchra Rada'') et Vicus Pulcherada, deinde Fanum Sancti Mauri, (Italice: ''[[:it:San Mauro Torinese|San Mauro Torinese]]''),
# [[Raconisium]] (Italiane: ''[[:it:Racconigi|Racconigi]]''),
# [[Riparolium]] vel Riparolium Canavisum (Italice: ''[[:it:Rivarolo Canavese|Rivarolo Canavese]]''),
# [[Santula]] et Santana (Italiane: ''[[:it:Santena|Santena]]''),
# [[Segusium]] (Italiane: ''[[:it:Susa (Italia)|Susa]]''),
# [[Septimus ab Urbe Lapis (Augusta Taurinorum)|Septimus ab Urbe Lapis]] vel Septimum Taurinense (Italiane: ''[[:it:Settimo Torinese|Settimo Torinese]]''),
# [[Strixia]] (Italiane: ''[[:it:Stresa|Stresa]]''),
# [[Tricastium]], Tercadium, deinde Trecatium et Trecas (Italiane: ''[[:it:Trecate|Trecate]]''),
# [[Ulmeta]] deinde Ulmea (Italiane: ''[[:it:Ormea|Ormea]]''),
# [[Vaemenia]] vel Umenia (Italice: ''[[:it:Omegna|Omegna]]''),
# [[Varallum]] (Italiane: ''[[:it:Varallo|Varallo]]''),
# '''[[Verbania]]''' (Italiane: ''[[:it:Verbania|Verbania]]''),
# '''[[Vercellae]]''' (Italiane: ''[[:it:Vercelli|Vercelli]]''),
# [[Villa ad Vites]] (deinde Villa Forte{{dubsig}}, Castrum Sancti Salvatoris) (Italiane: ''[[:it:San Salvatore Monferrato|San Salvatore Monferrato]]''),
# [[Villa Oscelensis]] (Italice: ''[[:it:Villadossola|Villadossola]]''),
# [[Vualda]] (alia nomina: Vuada, Vada, Vadum, deinde Uvada) (Italiane: ''[[:it:Ovada|Ovada]]'').

=== Fines ===
==== Regiones ====
* [[Liguria]],
* [[Aemilia-Romania]],
* [[Langobardia]],
* [[Vallis Augustana]].

==== Civitates ====
* [[Francia]]:
** [[Provincia Alpes Litus Lazuli]],
** [[Rhodanus et Alpes]],
* [[Helvetia]]:
** [[Ticinum (pagus)|Ticinum]],
** [[Valesia]].

== Geographia physica ==
[[Fasciculus:Panorama di Lu.png|350px|thumb|Despectus ad colles [[Mons Ferratus|Montis Ferrati]]]]
=== Morphologia ===
==== Montes ====
* [[Bugellenses Alpes]] (Italiane: ''[[:it:Alpi Biellesi|Alpi Biellesi]]''),
* [[Cottiae Alpes]] (Italiane: ''[[:it:Alpi Cozie|Alpi Cozie]]''),
* [[Cottiae Australes Alpes]] vel Vesuli Montis Alpes (Italiane: ''[[:it:Alpi del Monviso|Alpi del Monviso]]''),
* [[Cusianae Alpes]] (Italiane: ''[[:it:Alpi Cusiane|Alpi Cusiane]]''),
* [[Graiae Alpes]] (Italiane: ''[[:it:Alpi Graie|Alpi Graie]]''),
* [[Lepontiae Alpes]] (Italiane: ''[[:it:Alpi Lepontine|Alpi Lepontine]]''),
* [[Maritimae Alpes]] (Italiane: ''[[:it:Alpi Marittime|Alpi Marittime]]''),
* [[Poeninae Alpes]] (Italiane: ''[[:it:Alpi Pennine|Alpi Pennine]]''),

==== Colles ====
* [[Langae]] (gen. ''Langarum'') seu Landa Ligurum,
* [[Mons Ferratus]] (seu Mons Farratus vel Mons Pharatus),
* [[Novarienses Colles]].

==== Valles ====
* [[Vallis Aconiensis]],
* [[Vallis Antiasca]],
* [[Vallis Antigoriensis]],
* [[Vallis Antrona]],
* [[Vallis Bormiae]] (Italiane: ''[[:it:Val Bormida|Val Bormida]]''),
* [[Vallis Bulberiensis]],
* [[Vallis Clusellia]]
* [[Vallis Curionis]],
* [[Vallis Formatia]],
* [[Vallis Intrania]],
* [[Vallis Oscelae]] vel [[Oscela]]
* [[Vallis Segusiensis]],
* [[Vallis Sessitensis]],
* [[Vallis Stronae]],
* [[Vallis Stronae Moxii]],
* [[Vallis Vigetium]].

==== Transitūs ====
* [[Mons Matrona]] (alia nomina: Mons Genevus, Mons Genevius, Mons Ianus, Mons Genuae, Mons Genevae, Mons Genebrae)

==== Planities ====
* [[Planities Padana]]

=== Hydrographia ===
==== Flumina ====
* [[Amaluna]],
* [[Bolberia]] (seu [[Bulberia]]) ''Borbera'',
* [[Burmia]],
* [[Cluso]] (''-onis'') (''Chisone'')
* [[Duria Bautica]] (vel Duria Maior),
* [[Duria Ripuaria]] (vel Duria Minor),
* [[Helevus]],
* [[Olubria]],
* [[Orgus]],
* [[Padus]],
* [[Tanarus]],
* [[Ticinus (flumen)]],
* [[Sarvo]] (''-onis) (alia nomina: Sarvus, Victium),
* [[Sesites]] (aut Sessites),
* [[Sturia Superior]] (seu Sturia Meridionalis deinde Sturia Demontis),
* [[Varus (flumen Italiae)|Varus]] (seu Sturia Septemtionalis), deinde Sturia Lancei),
* [[Tausa]] vel Tauxa (etiam Atosa, Tosa, Toccia).

==== Lacūs et paludes ====
* [[Avilianensis lacūs]]&lt;ref name=&quot;graesse&quot; /&gt; (alia nomina: Aviliani lacūs&lt;ref name=&quot;graesse&quot; /&gt; (Italiane: ''[[:it:Lago d'Orta|Lago d'Orta]]''),
* [[Cusius lacus]],
* [[Marogotii lacus]] (seu Muregocii Lacus) (Italice: ''[[:it:Lago di Mergozzo|Lago di Mergozzo]]''),
* [[Verbanus lacus]],
* [[Viveroni lacus]] (Italiane: ''[[:it:Lago di Viverone|Lago di Viverone]]'').

== Vecturae ==
=== Aeroportus ===
* Augusta Taurinorum: [[Aeroportus Augustae Taurinorum-Casellarum]] seu Aeroportus Internationalis &quot;Alexander Pertini&quot;

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
* &quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160312124414/http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/hofmann/hof3/s0633b.html Pedemontana regio ... nunc Pedemontium]&quot; in {{Hofmannus}}

{{NexInt}}
* [[Regnum Sardiniae]]
* [[5162 Piemonte]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Piedmont|Pedemontium}}
{{Fontes geographici}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110225110327/http://www.regione.piemonte.it/ Situs publicus]

== Pinacotheca ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Imago:Exterior of the Palazzina di caccia of Stupinigi.jpg|[[Stupinigii venationis regiae]] frons meridionalis
Imago:Sacro Monte di Crea. Cappella del Paradiso3.jpg|[[Creae Sacer Mons]] &lt;br /&gt; Paradisi Aedicula
Imago:Sacro Monte di Ghiffa.JPG| ''[[Sacro Monte di Ghiffa]]''&lt;br /&gt;Auctor ignotus saeculo XVI, Crucifixio et [[Trinitas]]
Imago:Cap. 9, La terza caduta. Cap. 11, La crocefissione.JPG|''[[Sacro Monte di Domodossola]]''&lt;br /&gt;[[Via Crucis|Viae Crucis]] stationes 9 et 11
Imago:Sacro Monte di Varallo Fig1.JPG|[[Sacro Monte di Varallo]]&lt;br /&gt;Aedicula XXXIII. Ioannes d’Enrico, Ecce Homo, 1608-9
Imago:La Sacra ammantata dalla neve.jpg|Sacra San Michael Abbatiae, symbolum Pedemontani
&lt;/gallery&gt;

{{Italiae regiones}}

[[Categoria:Pedemontium| ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Barcino</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1996</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3998838</id>
      <parentid>3945641</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-03T11:40:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LilyKitty</username>
        <id>18316</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>de Carolo Magno et Basilica Sanctae Familiae</comment>
      <origin>3998838</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="3714" sha1="s6llmstm1u4van6vcw5yd8rxteshe2h" xml:space="preserve">{{Vide discretivam|urbe Hispaniae}}
{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}
{{res|Barcino}} ({{pns|onis|f|Barcino}}) aliter tardius {{res|Barchino}} vel {{res|Barcinona}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; (vulgo ''Barcelona'') est urbs 1 593 075 incolarum (anno [[2006]]) secunda [[Hispania]]e et decima [[Unio Europaea|Unionis Europaeae]] quod ad incolas pertinet. Barcino est etiam maxima civitas caputque regionis [[Catalonia]]e. Incolae &quot;Barcinonenses&quot; appellantur. Romani nomen sollemne &quot;Colonia Iulia Augusta Faventia Paterna Barcino&quot; imposuerunt.

== Historia ==
Barcino condita est inter annos [[15 a.C.n.]] et [[10 a.C.n.]] in monte prope Mare Nostrum. Urbs locum strategicum habebat, hic locus urbs [[floruit]].

Barcino caput territoriorum Hispanicorum Visighothis factum est, antequam Toletum mota est. Barcino capta est a Musulmanis et liberata est [[Carolus Magnus|Carolo Magno]] in anno 801.

Urbe liberata, Comitatus Catalani Regno Aragonico uniti sunt, et Barcino in potentia Maris Nostri conversata est.&lt;ref&gt;https://books.google.com.bo/books?hl=es&amp;lr=&amp;id=Qv1OAQAAIAAJ&amp;oi=fnd&amp;pg=PA3&amp;dq=historia+de+barcelona+archivo&amp;ots=W0SNb8UhTs&amp;sig=bLo5VzomiWgsoEOrUvc1BXWj_iw&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false&lt;/ref&gt;

In saeculo XX, [[Antonius Gaudí i Cornet]] architecto, construxit [[Basilica Sanctae Familiae]], Park Güell, Domus Battlóque construxit. Basilica Sacrae Familiae adhuc in constructione est.

== [[Ecclesia Catholica]] ==
[[Fasciculus:Sagradafamilia-overview.jpg|thumb|Expiatorium [[Basilica Sanctae Familiae|templum Sanctae Familiae]] praeclari architecti [[Antonius Gaudí i Cornet|Antonii Gaudí]]]]
Barcino est [[sedes episcopalis metropolitana]] ([[Archidioecesis Barcinonensis]]). Praesens [[archiepiscopus]] est [[Ioannes Iosephus Omella]], archiepiscopus emeritus [[Ludovicus Martínez Sistach]]. Multi Barcinoni archiepiscopi etiam [[cardinalis|cardinales]] fuerunt.

== Instituta ==
* [[Universitas Autonoma Barcinonensis]]
* [[Universitas Barcinonensis]]

== Incolae notabiles ==
*[[Raimundus de Penyafort]], [[monachus]], [[sanctus]] ac studiosus [[ius canonicum|iuris canonici]]
*[[Iosephus Carreras]] orbis praeclarissimus [[tenor]].
*[[Montserrat Caballé]] clarissima theatri lyrici supranistria.
*[[Hasdai Crescas]], [[philosophus]] [[Iudaei|Iudaicus]]
*[[Ioachimus Monzó]], [[fabula]]tor.
*[[Ludovicus Segalá y Estalella]], grammaticus et interpres

== [[Ludus athleticus|Ludi athletici]] ==
[[Barcino PS]] est [[Pediludium|pediludi]] turma urbis Barcinonis.

[[Fasciculus:La_Boqueria.JPG|thumb|right| Macellum ''La Boqueria''.]]

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
; Antiquiora
* 1911 : [[Nathaniel Newnham-Davis]], ''The Gourmet's Guide to Europe'' (3a ed. Londinii: Grant Richards, 1911) [https://archive.org/details/b2804938x/page/276/mode/2up pp. 277-281]

; Recentiora
* Marta Bausells, &quot;[http://www.theguardian.com/cities/2016/apr/01/story-cities-13-eixample-barcelona-ildefons-cerda-planner-urbanisation Story of cities #13: Barcelona's unloved planner invents science of 'urbanisation']&quot; in ''[[The Guardian]]'' (1 Aprilis 2016)
* Will Coldwell, &quot;[https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2015/jun/12/sonar-barcelona-clubbing-nightlife-reports-spain Nightlife reports: Clubbing in Barcelona]&quot; in ''[[The Guardian]]'' (12 Iunii 2016)

{{NexInt}}
* [[Castellers de la Vila de Gràcia]]
* [[Comites Barcinonenses]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Barcelona|Barcinonem}}
{{Coord|41|22|57|N|2|10|37|E|display=title}}

{{Urbes Europae maximae}}

[[Fasciculus:BarcelonaExpositionPanorama.1929.ws.jpg|thumb|Expositio Internationalis Barcinonis [[1929]]]]

{{Myrias|Geographia}}

[[Categoria:Barcino|!]]
[[Categoria:Portus maris Mediterranei]]
[[Categoria:Urbes milies milium incolarum]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Puppis (discretiva)</title>
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      <text bytes="341" sha1="s65ivhwtk8cr47zzzrv4vadpinv49nn" xml:space="preserve">{{Pagina discretiva}}

{{res|Puppis}} haec dissimilia significat:

# '''{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Puppis (navigatio)|&lt;&gt;|en|qid=Q273062}}''' pars [[navis]] posterior appellatur.
# '''[[Puppis (sidus)|Puppis]]''' etiam [[Sidus|constellatio]] vocata exstat.

== Toponyma ==
# '''[[Puppis (Italia)]]''' vide ''[[Popium]]''.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Salisburgum</title>
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      <text bytes="2618" sha1="l4yefhi7ifcxr79s5fak0zeluuexr33" xml:space="preserve">{{Vide discretivam|urbem Austriae}}
&lt;!-- Incipit data !--&gt;
{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}
[[Fasciculus:1912 - Salzburg - View from Mönchsberg.JPG|thumb|Urbs nocturna]]
 &lt;!-- explicit data !--&gt;
'''Salisburgum'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20060719204519/http://www.lib.byu.edu/~catalog/people/rlm/latin/names.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20060719204519/http://www.lib.byu.edu/~catalog/people/rlm/latin/names.htm]&lt;br /&gt;Alia nomina sunt: Iuvavia, Iopia, Iovavis, Iovavum, Iuavo, Iubensis, Iuvabum, Iuvam, Iuvanensis, Iuvao, Iuvarum, Iuvavensis, Iuvavia Noricorum, Iuvaviensis, Iuvaviensium urbs, Iuvavium, Iuvavum, Iuvawia, Iuvensis, Petenensis urbs, Salcburiensis, Salceburgensis, Salcibergensis, Salczburga, Salczburgensis, Salczpurga, Salczpurgensis, Salepurgum, Salisboriensis, Salisburgensis, Salseburgensis, Saltzburgensis, Saltzpurgensis, Salzaburgensis, Salzburga, Salzburgensis, Salzburgum, Salzburigensis, Salzeburga, Salzeburgensis, Salzpurga, Salzpurgensis, Zalzpurgensis.&lt;/ref&gt; [[urbs]] [[Austria]]e aedificata est in loco municipii Romani quod '''Iuvavum''' appellata erat. Origo nominis ''Salisburgum'' (latine ''arx salis'') est, quod per flumen [[Salzaha]]m urbem transfluens [[sal]] vehebatur usque ad [[saeculum 19|saeculum XIX]]. Celebris est [[Palaeopolis Salisburgensis]]. Salisburgum caput est [[Salisburgum (provincia)|Provinciae foederalis Salisburgensis]].

Salisburgum est sedes [[Archidioecesis Salisburgensis]]. [[Archiepiscopus]] et Primas Germaniae ex anno 2013 [[Franciscus Lackner]], OFM.

== Incolae notabiles ==
* [[Bertoldus Pürstinger]], episcopus Chiemensis
* [[Ioannes Michael Sattler]], gigantis panoramatis creator
* [[Otho (rex Graeciae)|Otho]], rex Graeciae (hic natus)
* [[Rupertus Salisburgensis]], episcopus et sanctus
* [[Wolfgangus Amadeus Mozart]]

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{NexInt}}
* [[Salisburgium (provincia)]]
* [[Suffleta Salisburgensia]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{Fontes geographici}}
* [http://www.stadt-salzburg.at/ Pagina officialis]
{{communia|Salzburg (Stadt)|Salisburgum}}

== Pinacotheca ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Image:Austria_Salzburg_Cathedral_Ceiling.jpg|[[Cupola]] ecclesiae cathedralis Salisburgi
Image:Mozarts_Geburtshaus.JPG|Domus natalicia [[Mozart]]i
Image:Salzburg - Altstadt - Petersfriedhof.jpg|[[Coemeterium]] Sancti Petri ([[Theodisce]] ''St. Petersfriedhof''
Image:Schloss_Leopoldskron_and_the_Leopoldskroner_Weiher_in_Salzburg.JPG|Castellum ''Leopoldskron''
Image:Untersberg (5).JPG|Conspectus in montem ''Untersberg'', et vehiculum caplaris{{dubsig}}
&lt;/gallery&gt;

{{Urbes Austriae}}

[[Categoria:Salisburgum|!]]
[[Categoria:Loci habitati Austriae]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Oceanus Arcticus</title>
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      <text bytes="38545" sha1="6evyj171km0qcqactyoag0isvfeeft8" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Arctic Ocean - en.png|thumb|Conlocatio Oceani Arctici.]]
'''Oceanus arcticus'''&lt;ref&gt;&quot;''det nordlige Ocean (''Oceanus arcticus'')&quot; {{Google Books|j2cAAAAAcAAJ|p. 136}}.&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''glacialis,'''&lt;ref&gt;&quot;''la Mer Glaciale, en lat.'' Oceanus Glacialis, ''qui est au nord de l'Asie&quot; {{Google Books|VdlgAAAAcAAJ|p. 3}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Oceanus Tartaricus&quot;: [[Athanasius Kircherus]] {{Google Books|85TCuczA-SAC|p. 158}}&lt;/ref&gt; in [[Hemisphaerium Septentrionale|Hemisphaerio Septentrionali]] et plerumque intra [[Circulus Arcticus|Arctica]] [[Polus Septentrionalis|Poli Septentrionalis]] [[regio]]ne situs, est minimus humillimusque ex [[quinque]] [[tellus|orbis terrarum]] maioribus partibus [[oceanus|oceanicis]].&lt;ref name=Pidwirny&gt;Michael Pidwirny (2006), [http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/8o.html ''Introduction to the Oceans,''] www.physicalgeography.net, nexus confirmatus [[2 Maii]] [[2013]].&lt;/ref&gt; [[Societas Hydrographica Internationalis]] eum oceanum agnoscit verum, quamquam nonnulli [[oceanographia|oceanographi]] eum &quot;mare mediterraneum arcticum&quot; vel breviter &quot;mare arcticum&quot; appellant, [[mare mediterraneum (oceanographia)|mare mediterraneum]] vel grande [[Oceanus Atlanticus|Oceani Atlantici]] [[aestuarium]] describentes.&lt;ref&gt;Matthias Tomczak et J. Stuart Godfrey, [https://web.archive.org/web/20070630202249/http://www.es.flinders.edu.au/~mattom/regoc/ ''Regional Oceanography: an Introduction,''] ed. 2a. (Dellii: Daya Publishing House, 2003, ISBN 81-7035-306-8), nexus confirmatus [[2 Maii]] [[2013]].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/33188/Arctic-Ocean/57838/Oceanography Arctic Ocean,'] www.britannica.com (Encyclopædia Britannica), nexus confirmatus [[2 Maii]] [[2013]]. [[Anglice]]: &quot;As an approximation, the Arctic Ocean may be regarded as an estuary of the Atlantic Ocean.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Hae [[aqua]]e invicem ut [[septentrio]]nalissima [[Oceanus Mundi|Oceani Mundi]] pars videri possunt.

Oceanus Arcticus, paene omnino ab [[Eurasia]] [[America Septentrionalis|Americaque Septentrionali]] circumclusus, a [[glacies marina|glacie marina]] omnem per [[annus|annum]] partim (et [[hiems|hieme]] paene omnino) tegitur.&lt;ref&gt;Post annum [[2001]], glacies marina solum tertiam partem ad dimidium [[superficies|superficiei]] extrema [[aestas|aestate]] tegit.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Temperatura]] et [[salinitas]] per [[tempus]] variantur dum tegmen [[glacies|glaciei]] [[liquefactio|liquescit]] et iterum conglaciat.&lt;ref&gt;K. Aagaard et R. A. Woodgate ([[2001]]), [http://psc.apl.washington.edu/HLD/Lomo/OM2001AagaardWoodgate.pdf &quot;Some Thoughts on the Freezing and Melting of Sea Ice and Their Effects on the Ocean,&quot;] apud psc.apo.washington.edu (Polar Science Center, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington), nexus confirmatus [[2 Maii]] [[2013]].&lt;/ref&gt; [[Salinitas]] est minima ex salinitatibus [[quinque]] maiorum oceanorum, ob minorem [[evaporatio]]nem, maiorem [[aqua dulcis|aquae dulcis]] influxum ex [[flumen|fluminibus]] et rivulis, atque circumscriptum effluxum ad oceanicas aquas circumdantes quibus sunt maiores salinitates. Annuus glaciei per [[aestas|aestatem]] contractus circa 50 centesimae aestimatur.&lt;ref name=Pidwirny/&gt; [[Nationale Rerum Nivalium Glacialiumque Tabularium]]&lt;!--National Snow and Ice Data Center--&gt; in [[Civitates Foederatae|Civitatibus Foederatis]] res ex [[satelles|satellite]] quotidie nuntiat ad praebendum monumentum tegminis glaciei marinae arcticae et [[velocitas|velocitatis]] [[liquefactio]]nis contra mediam periodon{{dubsig}} et singulas [[annus|annos]] praeteritos mensum.

== Historia ==
[[Fasciculus:Map of the Arctic, 1780s - B&amp;W.jpeg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|[[Tabula geographica|Tabula]] Arctica [[saeculum 18|saeculo duodevicensimo]] exeunte, ab [[Emanuel Bowen|Emanuele Bowen]] facta, nomen [[Lingua Anglica|Anglicum]] pro ''Septentrionali Oceano'' monstrat.]]
[[Fasciculus:Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld målad av Georg von Rosen 1886.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|''[[Adolphus Ericus Nordenskiöld]] per eius [[exploratio arctica|explorationem]] [[regio]]num arcticarum.'' Pictura a [[Georgius von Rosen|Georgio von Rosen]] anno [[1886]] facta.]]
Per multum [[historia]]e Europaeae&lt;!--nexus recte: historia Europaea--&gt;, regiones [[Polus Septentrionalis|polares septentrionales]] plerumque erant inexploratae, et earum [[geographia]] erant res coniecturae. [[Pytheas]] [[Massilia|Massiliensis]] relatum itineris anno [[325 a.C.n.]] ad [[septentrio]]nes facti scripsit, ad terram quam &quot;[[Thule|Eschate Thule]]&quot; appellavit, ubi [[Sol]] [[tres]] horas per diem occidit et in loco [[aqua]]e substituta est res concreta, &quot;super quam [[homo]] nec ambulare nec [[ars navigandi|navigare]] potest.&quot; Veri simile est eum mobiles [[mons glacialis|montes glaciales]] descripsisse. Sua &quot;Thule&quot; ut videtur fuit [[Norvegia]] per [[Insulae Faroenses|Insulas Faroenses]], vel fortasse [[Aemodae Insulae]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20080918073035/http://www.win.tue.nl/~engels/discovery/pytheas.html &quot;Pytheas,&quot; ab Andre Engels scriptum,] apud win.tue.nl.&lt;/ref&gt;

Primi [[cartographia|cartographi]] non sciverunt num [[regio]]nem circum Polum Septentrionale adumbrare [[terra (humus)|terram]] (ut in [[Ioannes Ruysch|Ioannis Ruysch]] [[:Fasciculus:Ruysch map.jpg|tabula 1507]] et [[Gerardus Mercator|Gerardi Mercatoris]] [[:Fasciculus:Mercator Septentrionalium Terrarum descriptio.jpg|tabula 1595]]) aut [[aqua]]m (ut in [[Martinus Hylacomylus|Martini Hylacomyli]] [[:Fasciculus:UniversalisCosmographia.jpg|tabula orbis terrarum 1507]]). Negotiatorum [[Europa]]eorum appetitio [[transitus septentrionalis]] ad ''[[Cathay]]'' ([[Sina (regio)|Sinam]]) fecit ut ei aquam anteponerent; itaque antequam [[1723]], [[Ioannes Homann]] et alii cartographi amplum &quot;Oceanum Septentrionalem&quot; ad [[septentrio]]nalem eorum tabularum marginem vehementius exhibebant.

Paucae expeditiones quae praeter [[Circulus Arcticus|Circulum Arcticum]] illo tempore penetraverunt solum parvas [[insula]]s addebant, sicut [[Nova Zembla]] ([[saeculum 11|saeculo undecimo]]) et [[Spitsbergen]] ([[1596]]), quamquam, quia hi loci saepe a [[glacies fluitans|glacie fluitanti]]&lt;!--drift ice, pack ice--&gt; circumdabantur, eorum fines [[septentrio]]nales erant obscuri. Qui [[charta nautica|chartas navigationis]] faciebant, [[homo|homines]] nonnullis cartographis ingeniosis prudentiores, regionem vacuam monstrare solebant, solum fragmentis [[litus|litorum]] notorum definite adumbratis.
[[Fasciculus:Fridtjof Nansen LOC 03377u-3.jpg|thumb|125px|left|[[Fridtjof Nansen]]. [[Photogramma]] in [[Bibliotheca Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum]].]]

Haec inopia [[Scientia (ratio)|scientifica]] cuiuscunque ad septentriones permutantis glaciei septi multas coniecturas excitavit. In [[Anglia]] et aliis [[civitas|civitatibus]] [[Europa]]eis, [[fabula]] aperti maris polaris tam perseverabat quam [[Ioannes Barrow Eques, Primus Baronet|Ioannes Barrow Eques]], diu Secretarius Alter [[Admiraltas|Admiraltatis]] Britannicae, [[exploratio arctica|explorationem]] huius regionis ab [[1818]] ad [[1845]] promovebat.

In [[Civitates Foederatae|Civitatibus Foederatis]] [[decennium|decenniis]] [[decennium 186|186]] et [[decennium 187|187]], [[Elisha Kane]] et [[Isaac Israel Hayes]] [[explorator]]es ambo adfirmaverunt se hanc partem huius fallacis [[corpus aquae|corporis aquae]] vidisse. Usque adeo finem saeculi,&lt;!--quite late in the century--&gt; [[Matthaeus Fontaine Maury]], auctor egregius, descriptionem &quot;Aperti Maris Polaris&quot; in [[liber scholasticus|libro scholastico]]&lt;!--textbook, schoolbook--&gt; ''The Physical Geography of the Sea'' (1883) conlocavit. Nihilominus, ut deferebant omnes [[explorator]]es qui iter propius atque propius ad [[polus|polum]] faciebant, [[pileus glacialis]] est crassissimus, qui omnem per annum persistit.

[[Fridtjof Nansen]] fuit primus qui [[ars navigandi|nauticum]] Oceani Arctici transitum fecit, anno [[1896]]. Primus autem oceani transitus superficialis anno [[1969]] factus est, [[Wally Herbert]] duce, in expeditione [[trahea canum|trahearum canum]]&lt;!--dogsleds--&gt; ab [[Alasca]] ad [[Svalbard]] gesta, auxiliatu ex [[aer]]e praebito.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210415074931/http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/uk/sir+wally+herbert+dies/558357 &quot;Sir Wally Herbert dies,&quot; Canalis 4, 13 Iunii 2007,] apud www.channel4.com.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fasciculus:IBCAO betamap.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Bathymetria|Bathymetrica]]/[[topographia|topographica]] Oceani Arctici et insularum circumdatarum [[charta]].]]

Post [[1937]], [[statio polaris|stationes polares]] glaciei fluitantis [[URSS|Sovieticae]] et Russicae Oceanum Arcticum amplissime observantur. [[Instrumentum computatorium|Instrumenta scientifica]] in glacie fluitanti constituta milia [[chiliometrum|chiliometrorum]] a planis glacialibus&lt;!--Anglice: ice floes--&gt; portata sunt.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.whoi.edu/beaufortgyre/history/history_drifting.html &quot;North Pole drifting stations (1930s–1980s),&quot;] www.whoi.edu, nexus confirmatus [[2 Maii]] [[2013]].&lt;/ref&gt;

== Geographia ==
Oceanus Arcticus pelvem complet satis rotundam, [[area (geometria)|aream]] circa 14&amp;thinsp;056&amp;thinsp;000 chiliometrorum quadratorum tegens, [[superficies|superficiem]] paene [[magnitudo|magnitudinis]] [[Russia|Russicae]].&lt;ref name=nyt&gt;{{cite book | first=John W. (ed.) | last=Wright | coauthors=Editores et scriptores ''The New York Times'' | year=[[2006]] | title=The New York Times Almanac | url=https://archive.org/details/newyorktimes200700newy | edition=[[2007]] | publisher=Penguin Books | location=Novi Eboraci | isbn=0-14-303820-6|page=[https://archive.org/details/newyorktimes200700newy/page/731 455]}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Oceans of the World&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://mset.rst2.edu/portfolios/d/drewes_c/Integrating%20Technologies/Oceans%20of%20the%20World.pdf|title=Oceans of the World|publisher=rst2.edu|date=|accessdate=[[2 Maii]] [[2013]]}}.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Litus]] est circa 45&amp;thinsp;390 chiliometra longum.&lt;ref name=nyt/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Arctic Ocean Fast Facts&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://wwf.panda.org/what_we_do/where_we_work/arctic/area/species/polarbear/habitat/|title=Arctic Ocean Fast Facts|publisher=wwf.pandora.org (World Wildlife Foundation)|date=|accessdate=[[28 Octobris]] [[2010]]}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Cingitur omnis regio a terrestribus [[Eurasia]]e et [[America Septentrionalis|Americae Septentrionalis]] [[massa|massis]], atque a nonnullis [[civitas|civitatibus]] et regionibus, inter quas [[Canada]], [[Alasca]], [[Beringia]], [[Russia]], [[Scandinavia]], [[Islandia]], et [[Groenlandia]]. Civitatis Canadae maior pars, quae ad Oceanum Arcticum adiacet, regioni [[Nunavut]] rite attribuitur; e [[regio]]nibus [[civitas|civitatis]] Russiae [[Siberia]] praesertim huic [[oceanus|oceano]] adiungit.

[[Regio]] usitate [[Sinus Baffini|Sinum Baffini]], [[Mare Barentsii]], [[Mare Beaufortii]], [[Mare Tschukotense]], [[Mare Sibiricum Orientale]], [[Mare Groenlandicum]], [[Sinus Hudsonius|Sinum Hudsonium]], [[Fretum Hudsonianum]], [[Mare Karense]], [[Mare Lapteviorum]], [[Mare Album]], et alia [[flumen influens|tributaria]] [[corpus aquae|aquae corpora]] putatur comprehendere. Cum [[Oceanus Pacificus|Oceano Pacifico]] a [[Fretum Beringianum|Freto Beringiano]] et cum [[Oceanus Atlanticus|Oceano Atlantico]] per [[mare|maria]] [[Mare Groenlandicum|Groenlandicum]] et [[Mare Labradorense|Labradorense]] conectitur.&lt;ref name=Pidwirny/&gt;

=== Ambitus ===
{{Vide etiam|Fines oceanorum#Oceanus Arcticus}}
[[Fasciculus:Arctic.svg|thumb|300px|[[Regio arctica]]. Hac in [[tabula]], finis a linea [[ruber|rubra]] definitur. Omni terrae ad [[septentrio]]nes illius linae [[calor|calidissimo]] [[mensis|mense]] est media [[temperatura]] minus quam 10 gradus C. (Tabula [[Anglice]] signata.)]]

=== Proprietates submarinae ===
[[Iugum Lomonosovii]], maius [[iugum medii oceani|iugum submarinum]], [[Pelvis Polaris Septentrionalis|Pelvem Polarem Septentrionalem]] maris alti&lt;!--deep sea--&gt; in [[duo|duas]] [[pelvis oceanica|pelves oceanicas]] dividit: [[Pelvis Eurasiana|Pelvem Eurasianam]], inter 4000 et 4500 metrorum altam, et [[Pelvis Amerasiana|Pelvem Amerasianam]] (aliquando Pelvem Americanam Septentrionalem vel Pelvem Hyperboreanam appellatam), circa 4000 metrorum altum. [[Bathymetria]] fundi abyssi a iugis ''[[fault-block]],'' [[planities abyssi|planitiebus abyssi]], [[fossa oceanica|fossis oceanicis]], et [[pelvis oceanica|pelvibus]] designatur. Media Oceani Arctici [[altitudo]] est 1038 metra.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=The Mariana Trench – Oceanography| work=www.marianatrench.com | url=http://www.marianatrench.com/mariana_trench-oceanography.htm | date=[[4 Aprilis]] [[2003]]| accessdate=[[11 Maii]] [[2013]]}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Altissimus locus arcticus in Pelve Eurasiana patet, ad 5450 metrorum.

Duae pelves maiores a iugis praeterea dividuntur in [[Pelvis Canadensis|Pelvem Canadensem]] (inter Alascam/[[Canada]]m et [[Iugum Alpha]]), [[Pelvis Makarovii|Pelvem Makarovii]] (inter iuga [[iugum Mendeleevii|Mendeleevii]] et Lomonosovii), [[Pelvis Fram|Pelvem Fram]] (inter iuga Lomonosovii et [[Iugum Hackelii|Hackelii]]), et [[Pelvis Nansen|Pelvem Nansen]] ([[Pelvis Amundsen|Pelvem Amundsen]]) (inter Iugum Hackelii et [[pluteus continentalis|pluteum continentalem]] qui [[Terra Francisci Iosephi|Terram Francisci Iosephi]] comprehendit).

=== Fluxus aquae ===
Oceano Arctico est maius [[punctum intercludens]]&lt;!-- =chokepoint--&gt; in [[Mare Tschukotense|Mari Tschuktschorum]] meridiano situm,&lt;ref name=CIA&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20180705175634/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/xq.html Oceanus Arcticus,] apud www.cia.gov (CIA World Factbook).&lt;/ref&gt; quod aditum ad Oceanum Pacificum per [[Fretum Beringianum]] inter [[Alasca]]m et [[Siberia]]m orientalem praebet. &lt;!--Subject to ice conditions,--&gt; Oceanus Arcticus brevissimum nexum marinum inter extremas Russiae orientalis occidentalisque partes offert. Sunt in [[Regio Arctica|Regione Arctica]] aliquae [[statio investigationis|fluitantes investigationis stationes]], a [[Civitates Foederatae|Civitatibus Foederatis]] et [[Russia]] curatae.

Maximus aquae [[influxus]] ex Atlantico per [[Flumen Norvegicum]] advenit, quod secundum [[litus]] [[Eurasia]]num deinde fluit. Aqua etiam intrat ex Pacifico per Fretum Beringense. [[Flumen Groenlandiae Orientalis]] maiorem [[effluxus|effluxum]] transfert.

[[Glacies]] plurimam oceani [[superficies|superficiem]] omnem per annum opplet, conglaciantes [[temperatura]]s aerias plerumque efficiens. [[Regio]] est maior fons [[frons frigida|frontium frigidissimarum]], quae ad [[aequator]]em moventur, [[frons polaris|aerem calidiorem]] in latitudine 60°N{{dubsig}} offendentes ac [[pluvia]]m et [[nix|nivem]] efficientes. Hic fluxus est inferior cellulae polaris pars, latitudine altissima ex [[tres|tribus]] principalibus cellulis circulationis [[atmosphaera Telluris|atmosphaerae Telluris]], quarum quaeque [[triginta]] latitudinis gradus iungit. [[Biologia marina|Vita marina]] in regionibus apertis abundat, praecipue in aquis meridianioribus. Maiores oceani [[portus]] sunt [[urbs|urbes]] [[Murmansk]], [[Archangelopolis]], et [[Sinus Prudhoensis (Alasca)|Sinus Prudhoensis]].&lt;ref name=CIA/&gt;

=== Salinitas et temperatura ===
[[Fasciculus:Arctic sea temperature salinity plot.svg|thumb|175px|Descriptio [[temperatura]]e et [[salinitas|salinitatis]] in Oceano Arctico apud 85.18 septentrionales et 117.28 orientales die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2010]].&lt;ref name=&quot;gtsppdata&quot;&gt;[http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/GTSPP U.S. National Oceanographic Data Center: Global Temperature–Salinity Profile Programme,] Iunio 2006. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Oceanographic Data Center, Silver Spring, Terrae Mariae 20910.&lt;/ref&gt;]]
In magnis Oceani Arctici partibus, strato superiori (circa 50 m) est humilior [[salinitas]] et humilior [[temperatura]] quam reliquio; manet autem rerum status constans, quia effectus salinitatis in densitate est maior quam effectus temperaturae. Alitur oceanus ab influxu [[aqua dulcis|aquae dulcis]] magnorum [[flumen|fluminum]] [[Siberia|Sibericorum]] et [[Canada|Canadensium]] ([[Obius]], [[Ienisea]], [[Lena]], [[Flumen Mackenzie|MacKenzie]]), quorum aqua, ut videtur, super [[aqua]]m humiliorem, densiorem, salsiorem fluitat. Inter hoc stratum humilioris salinitatis et reliquium oceani iacet res [[haloclinum]] appellata, ubi salinitas et temperatura cum maiore [[altitudo|altitudine]] increbescunt. Vertices [[convectio]]nis a diversitatibus temperaturarum inter frigidam oceani [[superficies|superficiem]] et altitudines [[calor|calidiores]] effecti circa hoc [[thermoclinum]] consistunt, [[conductio caloris|conductione caloris]] solo mechanismo transportationis caloris sursum versus—quod per [[ordo magnitudinis|ordines magnitudinis]] est minus. Sine hoc effectu [[insulatio]]nis fiat multo minor [[glacies marina arctica]]. Exemplaria salinitatis et temperaturae Oceani Arctici multiplicia fieri possunt, quia ex fluxibus variis in et ex [[regio]]ne arctica dependent.&lt;ref&gt;P. Bourgain et J. C. Gascard, [https://web.archive.org/web/20120727062914/http://soa.arcus.org/sites/soa.arcus.org/files/sessions/2-1-observations-arctic-change/pdf/bourgain.pdf &quot;The Arctic Ocean Halocline variability over the past 20 years,&quot;] poster{{dubsig}} in conventu &quot;State Of The Arctic,&quot; 16–19 Martii [[2010]].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;B. Rudels, E. P. Jones, U. Schauer, et P. Eriksson, [https://web.archive.org/web/20110612091159/http://www.ices.dk/products/CMdocs/2001/W/W1501.pdf &quot;Two Sources for the Lower Halocline in the Arctic Ocean,&quot;] commentarius apud acroasim ICES Annual Science Conference 2001 praebitus.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Pileus glacialis ===
[[Fasciculus:NSIDC arctic sea ice extent since 1979.svg|thumb|200px|left|Variatio temporalis et &lt;!--long-term--&gt; deminutio amplitudinis glaciei marinae arcticae.&lt;ref&gt;F. Fetterer, K. Knowles, W. Meier, et M. Savoie, ''Sea Ice Index'' (Boulder Colorati: [[Nationale Rerum Nivalium Glacialiumque Tabularium]], [[2002]], [[2009]]). Media digitalia.&lt;/ref&gt;]]
[[Fasciculus:Plot arctic sea ice volume.svg|thumb|200px|left|Variatio temporalis et &lt;!--long-term--&gt; deminutio voluminis glaciei marinae arcticae.&lt;ref name=&quot;zhangrothrock1&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Zhang|first1=Jinlun|last2=Rothrock|first2=D. A.|doi=10.1175/1520-0493(2003)131&lt;0845:MGSIWA&gt;2.0.CO;2|title=Modeling Global Sea Ice with a Thickness and Enthalpy Distribution Model in Generalized Curvilinear Coordinates|issn=1520-0493|year=[[2003]]|pages=845|issue=5|volume=131|journal=Monthly Weather Review|url=http://psc.apl.washington.edu/zhang/Pubs/POIM.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
{{Vide etiam|Glacies marina arctica}}

Multum Oceani Arctici ab [[pluteus glacialis|pluto glaciali]] tegitur,&lt;!--ice cap--&gt; plerumque continua [[glaciea marina arctica|glacie marina]] composito, qui ambitu et crassitudine per tempora variatur. Medius plutei ambitus post [[1980]] deminutus est ex medio valore [[hiems|hiemali]] 15&amp;thinsp;600&amp;thinsp;000 chiliometrorum quadratum, modo 3 centesimarum per decennium. Variationes temporales sunt circa 7&amp;thinsp;000&amp;thinsp;000 chiliometrorum quadratorum, maximo Aprili mense, minimo Septembri observatis. Glacies marina a [[ventus|ventis]] et fluminibus oceanicis, quae maiores glaciei regiones movere et circumagere possunt. Zonae compressionis oriri possunt ubi glacies se congerit ad efficiendam [[glacies stipata|glaciem stipatam]]&lt;!--pack ice--&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;[http://nsidc.org/data/seaice_index/ Index Glaciei Marinae,] apud nsidc.org, nexus confirmatus [[2 Maii]] [[2013]].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110223161943/http://arctic.atmos.uiuc.edu/cryosphere/ Pluteus Glaciei Marinae Polaris et Nivis,] apud arctic,atmos.uiuc.ed (''Cryosphere Today'').&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Plutei ===
Oceanus Arctici a [[Pluteus Continentalis Russiae|Pluteo Continentalis Russiae]] circumdatur, qui in tribus minores pluteis separatis consistit: [[Pluteus Barentsianus|Barentsiano]], [[Pluteus Maris Tschukotensis|Tschukotensi]], et [[Pluteus Sibericus|Siberico]]; quorum Pluteus Sibericus est maximus [[orbis terrarum]] pluteus. Pluteus Sibericus magnas [[petroleum|petrolei]] et [[gas]]ii opes tenet, et Pluteus Tschuktschorum finem inter [[Russia]]m et [[Civitates Foederatae|Civitates Foederatas]] constituit, ut in [[Pactum Finium Maritimorum URSS-CFA|Pacto Finium Maritimorum URSS-CFA]]{{dubsig}} describitur.

=== Pericula naturalia ===
[[Mons glaciei|Montes glaciei]] aliquando ex [[Insula Ellesmere]] septentrionali confringuntur, et montes glaciei ex [[glaciarium|glaciariis]] Groenlandia occidentali et Canada boreorientali extremo oriuntur. Qui montes glaciei [[navis|navibus]] sunt [[periculum|pericula]], celeberrime ''[[RMS Titanic]].'' [[Congelatio aeterna]] in plurimis [[insula|insulis]] invenitur. Oceanus a mense [[October|Octobri]] ad [[Iunius|Iunium]] paene circumcluditur, et [[navis|naves]] [[conglaciatio (navigatio)|conglaciationem]] [[superstructura]]rum ab Octobri ad [[Maius|Maium]] perpeti potuerunt.&lt;ref name=CIA/&gt; Ante hodiernas [[navis glaciem frangens|naves glaciem frangentis]] aedificandas, naves Oceanum Arcticum [[navigatio|navigantes]] a glacie marina includi vel contundi poterant, quamquam ''[[Baychimo]]'' per Oceanum Arcticum sine nautis contra haec pericula [[decennium|decennia]] felice fluitabat.

== Clima ==
[[Fasciculus:North pole february ice-pack 1978-2002.png|thumb|upright=0.6|left|Ambitus glaciei stipatae mense Februario, medius valor 1978–2002.]]
[[Fasciculus:North pole september ice-pack 1978-2002.png|thumb|upright=0.8|Ambitus glaciei stipatae mense Septembri, medius valor, 1978–2002.]]
Oceanus Arcticus, ab [[glaciatio Quaternaria|aevo glaciali hodierno]] motus, intra [[clima polare|climate polari]] continetur, cui sunt frigus constans et angustiores [[varietas temperatura|varietates temperaturae]].&lt;!--vel ambitus temp.--&gt; [[Hiems|Hiemes]] [[obscuritas|obscuritatem]] continuam ([[nox polaris|noctem polarem]]), clima frigidum et constans, et caelos serenos; [[aestas|aestates]] [[lux diei|lucem diei]] continuam ([[sol mediae noctis|solem mediae noctis]]), clima humidum et caliginosum, et [[cyclonum|cyclona]]{{dubsig}} debilia cum [[pluvia]] vel [[nix|nive]] offerunt.

[[Temperatura]] superficiei Oceani Arctici est satis constans, prope [[punctum liquefactionis]] [[aqua marina|aquae marinae]]. Quia Oceanus Arcticus in [[aqua salsa]] consistit, temperatura conglaciationis est −1.8&amp;nbsp;°C. [[Densitas]] aquae marinae, contra aquam dulcem, increbescit cum punctum congelationis approprinquatur, et itaque submergere solet. Nisi superiora 100–150 metra aquae oceanicae ad punctum congelationis refrigeretur, [[glacies marina]] non fit.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20100117114629/http://nsidc.org/seaice/intro.html Glacies marina] apud nsidc.org, nexus confirmatus [[2 Maii]] [[2013]].&lt;/ref&gt; Calidior aqua oceanica hieme moderationem movet, etiamsi glacie tecta. Huius et aliarum causa, [[regio]] arctica temperaturas extremas in [[Antarctica|continente Antarctica]] visas non experitur.

Est notabilis variatio temporalis in quantitate glaciei stipatae [[glacies fluitantes polaris|glaciei fluitantis arcticae]] quae Oceanum Arcticum contegit. Multum glaciei fluitantis arcticae [[decem]] menses anni nive tegitur. Maximum tegimen niveum Martio vel Aprili est, cum circa 20–50 centimetra supra oceanum conglaciatum sit.
[[Fasciculus:Polar Bear 2004-11-15.jpg|thumb|''[[Ursus maritimus]]'' [[nix|nivem]] ambulat. [[Vivarium Nationale apud Wapusk]], Caput Churchill, prope [[Churchillpolis|Churchillpolim]] [[Manitoba]]e [[Canada]]e.]]

Clima regionis arcticae magnopere variatum est. Abhinc annorum 55 milliones, per [[Maximum Thermale Palaeocenum–Eocaenum]], media regionis temperatura annua fuit 10–20 C.&lt;ref name=Shellito2003&gt;{{cite journal
| author = Shellito, C. J.
| coauthors = Sloan, L. C., et M. Huber
| year = [[2003]]
| title = Climate model sensitivity to atmospheric CO2 levels in the Early-Middle Paleogene
| journal = Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
| volume = 193
| issue = 1
| pages = 113–123
| doi = 10.1016/S0031-0182(02)00718-6
}}&lt;/ref&gt; Aquae superficiales septentrionalissimi&lt;ref&gt;''Drill cores''{{dubsig}} ex [[Iugum Lomonosov|Iugo Lomosov]] capta sunt, hodierno tempore apud 87° Septentrionalis.&lt;/ref&gt; Oceani Arctici [[calor|calidiores]] factae sunt, saltem per partem anni, ut formas [[vita]]e [[zona tropica|tropicas]] sustineret,&lt;ref&gt;[[Dinoflagellata]] ''Apectodinium augustum.''&lt;/ref&gt; quod significat temperaturas [[superficies|superficiales]] plus quam 22 C.&lt;ref name=Sluijs2006&gt;A. Sluijs, S. Schouten, M. Pagani, M. Woltering, H. Brinkhuis, J. S. S. Damsté, G. R. Dickens, M. Huber, G. J. Reichart, R. Stein, et alii (2006), &quot;Subtropical Arctic Ocean temperatures during the Palaeocene/Eocene thermal maximum,&quot; ''Nature'' 441(7093): 610–613. doi 10.1038/nature04668. pmid 16752441.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Flora et fauna ==
[[Fasciculus:Phytoplankton - the foundation of the oceanic food chain.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|left|Phyto[[plancton]]a sunt fundamenta oceanicae [[cibus|cibi]] catenae.]]
Oceano Arctico sunt perpaucae [[planta]]e praeter [[plancton|phytoplancton]], quae sunt gravissima [[vita]]e in [[Oceanus Mundi|Oceano Mundi]] pars. Adsunt permulta singula in Oceano Arctico, ubi ea [[alimentum|alimenta]] ex [[flumen|fluminibus]] terrestribus et [[flumen oceanicum|fluminibus]] oceanorum Atlantici et Pacifici [[victus|vescuntur]].&lt;ref name=NOAA&gt;[http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/02arctic/background/physical/physical.html Terry Whiteledge, &quot;Physical Nutrients and Primary Productivity,&quot;] oceanexplorer.noaa.gov (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration), nexus confirmatus [[2 Maii]] [[2013]].&lt;/ref&gt; [[Sol]]e [[aestas|aestivo]] [[nox|nocte]] et [[dies|die]] effulgente, phytoplancton [[photosynthesis|photosynthesin]] diu sustinere et celeriter [[procreatio|denuo generare]] possunt; sed tamen [[hiems|hieme]], Sole plerumque absente, ea vix satis [[lux|lucem]] ut supersint accipiunt.&lt;ref name=NOAA/&gt;

[[Habitatio|Habitant]] in regione arctica circa quadringentae [[species]] [[animal]]ium, inter quas notissima fortasse est ''[[Ursus maritimus]]'' ([[Ursidae]]), maximum [[carnivora|carnivorum]] arcticum. In regione Arctica etiam habitant permulta [[Euphausiacea]], quae multum in catena [[alimentum|alimentaria]] valent. [[Cnidaria|Cnidarium]] ''[[Cyanea capillata]]'' ([[Cyaneidae]]) in aquis arcticis abundat, et ''[[Pholis fasciata]]'' est sola [[Pholidae|pholidarum]] species [[oceanus|oceanica]]. Regio autem est [[oecosystema]] fragile, quae tardius mutatur ac tardius se ob diruptionem vel detrimentum reficit.&lt;ref name=CIA/&gt; Inter [[species periclitata|periclitatas regionis species]] marinas sunt ''[[Odobenus rosmarus]]'' ([[Odobenidae]]) et varia [[Cetacea]].&lt;ref name=CIA/&gt;
[[Fasciculus:Gadus morhua-Cod-2-Atlanterhavsparken-Norway.JPG|thumb|upright=0.8|''[[Gadus morhua]]'' ([[Gadidae]]) est unus ex [[piscis|piscibus]] maximi momenti oceanorum Arctici et [[Oceanus Atlanticus|Atlantici septentrionalis]].]]

== Opes naturales ==
[[Fasciculus:Section.jpg|thumb|125px|Pars [[alluvium|alluvialis]] depositi placer apud [[Yentna-Cache Creek districtus effodendi#The Blue Ribbon Mine|Blue Ribbon Mine]] [[Alasca]]e.]]
{{Vide etiam|Opes naturales Arcticae|Postulationes territoriales in Arctica|Mammalia marina}}
Inter [[opes naturales]] arcticas sunt [[ager gasii naturalis|agri]] [[petroleum|petrolei]] et [[gas naturale|gasii naturalis]], [[depositum placer|deposita placer]],{{dubsig}} [[noduli mangani|noduli polymetallici]], [[adgregatio constructionis|adgregationes constructionis]] [[arena]]e et [[glarea]]e, [[piscis|pisces]], [[Pinnipedia]], et [[Cetacea]], quorum omnes in [[regio]]ne abundant.&lt;ref name=CIA/&gt;

Civilis &quot;zona mortua&quot; prope medium oceanum est situs disceptationum crescentium inter [[Civitates Foederatae|Civitates Foederatas]], [[Russia]]m, [[Canada]]m, [[Norvegia]]m, et [[Dania]]m.&lt;ref&gt;[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/4354036.stm#map &quot;The Arctic's New Gold Rush,&quot;] apud news.bbc.co.uk (BBC), nexus confirmatus [[2 Maii]] [[2013]].&lt;/ref&gt; [[Regio]] multum in [[forum energiae|foro energiae]] valet, quia 25 centesimas vel plus opium petrolii et gasii [[tellus|orbis terrarum]] non iam inventarum continere potest.&lt;ref&gt;Shamil Midkhatovich Yenikeyeff et Timothy Fenton Krysiek, [http://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/Aug2007-TheBattleforthenextenergyfrontier-ShamilYenikeyeff-and-TimothyFentonKrysiek.pdf &quot;The Battle for the Next Energy Frontier: The Russian Polar Expedition and the Future of Arctic Hydrocarbons,&quot;] apud http://www.oxfordenergy.org (Oxford Institute for Energy Studies), Augusto 2007, nexus confirmatus [[2 Maii]] [[2013]].&lt;/ref&gt;

== Anxietates de circumiectu ==
[[Fasciculus:North Pole Sea Ice 1990-1999.ogv|thumb|200px|Mutationes glaciei inter 1990 et 1999.]]
[[Fasciculus:Polar bears near north pole.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Tres]] ''[[Ursus maritimus|Ursi maritimi]]'' [[USS Honolulu (SSN-718)|USS ''Honolulu'']] prope [[Polus Septentrionalis|Polum Septentrionalem]] appropinquant.]]
&lt;!--{{Main|Arctic shrinkage|ozone depletion}}--&gt;
Attenuatur coartata glacies Arctica continenter, multisque annis adest foramen [[tempus|temporale]] in Arctico [[stratum ozonicum|strato ozonico]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ec.gc.ca/cleanair-airpur/Linking_Today_into_Tomorrow-WS4D339983-1_En.htm &quot;Clean Air Online – Linking Today into Tomorrow,&quot;] apud www.ec.gc.ca.&lt;/ref&gt; Deminutio [[area (geometria)|areae]] glaciei marinae Arcticae mediam [[planeta]]e [[albedo|albedinem]] imminuit, quod fortasse [[calefactio globalis|calefactionem globalem]] per rationem ''positive [[feedback]]'' efficiet.&lt;ref name=&quot;R.Black&quot;&gt;[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/4315968.stm Earth—melting in the heat?] Richard Black, 7 October 2005. BBC News, nexus confirmatus [[2 Maii]] [[2013]].&lt;/ref&gt; Investigationes monstrant Arcticam glacie liberam primo in [[historia]] [[homo|humana]] tempore ante annum [[2040]] fortasse fieri.&lt;ref&gt;Peter Wilson, [https://web.archive.org/web/20090105065714/http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,24659919-2703,00.html &quot;Russia the next climate recalcitrant,&quot;] ''The Australian,'' [[17 Novembris]] [[2008]], nexus confirmatus [[2 Maii]] [[2013]].&lt;/ref&gt;

Multi eruditi laborant&lt;!--worry--&gt; ne [[temperatura]]e [[calor|calientes]] in Arctica magnas novae [[aqua liquefacta|aquae liquefactae]]&lt;!--meltwater--&gt; quantitates efficiant quae in Atlanticum Septentrionalem influere possunt, fortasse [[tellus|orbis terrarum]] [[circulatio thermohalina|exemplaria fluminum oceanicorum]] conturbantes. Mutationes [[clima]]tis [[Tellus|Telluris]] quae maiores fieri possunt fortasse tum consequuntur.&lt;ref name=&quot;R.Black&quot;/&gt;

Aliae [[Oecologismus|anxietates de circumiectu]] ad [[contaminatio radioactiva|contaminationem radioactivam]] Oceani Arctici ex, exempli gratia, Russicis sitibus [[ramenta radioactiva|ramentorum radioactivorum]] abiectorum in [[mare Karense|mari Karensi]]&lt;ref&gt;Thomas Nilsen, [https://web.archive.org/web/20071016195202/http://bellona.org/english_import_area/international/russia/nuke_industry/siberia/mayak/21636 &quot;400 million cubic meters of radioactive waste threaten the Arctic area,&quot;] ''Bellona,'' [[24 Augusti]] [[2001]], nexus confirmatus [[11 Maii]] [[2013]].&lt;/ref&gt; et [[temptatio nuclearis|situs temptationis nuclearis]] [[Bellum Frigidum|Belli Frigidi]], sicut [[Nova Zembla|Terra Nova]], spectant.&lt;ref&gt;Bradley Moran et John N. Smith, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170202051233/http://www.gso.uri.edu/maritimes/Text_Only/00Summer/text/arctic.html &quot;Plutonium in the Russian Arctic, or How We Learned to Love the Bomb,&quot;] apud www.gso.uri.edu, nexus confirmatus [[2 Maii]] [[2013]].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--
&lt;center&gt;
{{multiple image
| align     = center
| image1    = 2007 Arctic Sea Ice.jpg
| width1    = 250
| caption1  = Tegmen marinum in Oceano Arctico, medium, 2005, et 2007.
| image2    = SeaIce 2002-05 cmp 1979-2000.png
| width2    = 305
| caption2  = Declinatio glaciei Arcticae [[aestas|aestate]] ab 1979–2000 ad 2002–2005.&lt;ref&gt;[http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=17047 Continued Sea Ice Decline in 2005] Robert Simmon, [[Earth Observatory]], and Walt Meier, [[NSIDC]], nexus confirmatus [[2 Maii]] [[2013]].&lt;/ref&gt;
| image3    = Arctic ocean SST and ice edge.png
| width3    = 220
| caption3  = Media [[superficies|superficiei]] maris [[temperatura]] annua et margo glaciei Septembri ad Martium.
}}&lt;/center&gt;--&gt;

===Maiores portus===
[[Fasciculus:Arctic Ocean Seaports.png|thumb|Tabula Oceani Arctici maiores [[portus]] (nominibus Anglicis signata) exhibet.]]
Sunt nonnulli [[portus]] et refugia nautica&lt;!--ports &amp; harbors--&gt; circa Oceanum Arcticum.&lt;ref name=CIA/&gt;

* In [[Alasca]] [[Civitates Foederatae|Civitatum Foederatarum]], portus praecipui sunt [[Barrow (Alasca)|Barrow]] ({{Coord|71|17|44|N|156|45|59|W|name=Barrow}}) et [[Sinus Prudhoensis (Alasca)|Sinus Prudhoensis]] ({{coord|70.325490|-148.711387|type:city_region:US|format=dms|display=inline|name=Prudhoe}}).

* In [[Canada]], [[navis|naves]] [[ancora|ad ancoras deligare]] possunt in [[Churchillpolis]] in [[Manitoba]] ({{coord|58|46|09|N|94|10|9|W|type:city_region:CA|name=Churchill, Manitoba}}), in [[Inuvik (Territoria Septentrio-Occidentalia)|Inuvik]] [[Territoria Septentrio-Occidentalia|Territoriorum Septentrio-Occidentalium]] ({{coord|68|21|42|N|133|43|50|W|type:city_region:CA|name=Inuvik}}) et [[Nanisivik (Nunavut)|Nanisivik]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20081008083217/http://www.pm.gc.ca/eng/media.asp?id=1785 Mirror].&lt;/ref&gt; ({{coord|73|2|5|N|84|32|13|W|name=Nanisivik}}) in [[Nunavut]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
| title=Backgrounder – Expanding Canadian Forces Operations in the Arctic
| url=http://www.pm.gc.ca/eng/media.asp?id=1785
| accessdate= [[17 Augusti]] [[2007]]
}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20081008083217/http://www.pm.gc.ca/eng/media.asp?id=1785 mirror]&lt;/ref&gt; et in [[Tuktoyaktuk]] ({{coord|69|26|34|N|133|1|52|W|type:city|name=Tuktoyaktuk}}).

* In [[Norvegia]], [[Kirkenes]] ({{coord|69|43|N|30|03|E|name=Kirkenes}}) et [[Varangria]] ({{coord|70|22|14|N|31|6|27|E|region:NO_type:city|name=Vardø}}) sunt portus [[continens|continentales]]. Praeterea, [[Longyearbyen]] ({{coord|78|13|12|N|15|39|0|E|region:NO_type:city|name=Longyearbyen}}) in [[insula]] [[Svalbard]] ad [[Fretum Fram]] patet.

* In [[Russia]], maiores portus variis [[regio]]nibus marinis digesti sunt [[Romana (ad Murmanum)|Romana ad Murmanum]] ({{coord|68|58|N|33|5|E|type:city|name=Murmansk}}) in [[Mare Barentsii|Mari Barentsiano]]; [[Archangelopolis]] ({{coord|64|32|N|40|32|E|type:city|name=Arkhangelsk}}) in [[Mare Album|Mari Albo]]; et [[Labytnangi]] ({{coord|66|39|26|N|66|25|06|E|type:city|name=Labytnangi}}), [[Salechardum]] ({{coord|66|32|N|66|36|E|type:city|name=Salekhard}}), [[Dudinka]] ({{coord|69|24|N|86|11|E|type:city|name=Dudinka}}), [[Igarka]] ({{coord|67|28|N|86|35|E|type:city|name=Igarka}}), et [[Dickson (oppidum)|Dickson]] ({{coord|73|30|N|80|31|E|region:RU|name=Dikson}}) in [[Mare Karense|Mari Karensi]]; [[Tiksi]] ({{coord|71|38|N|128|52|E|type:city|name=Tiksi, city of the Polar Heros}}) in [[Mare Lapteviorum|Mari Lapteviorum]]; ac [[Pevek]] ({{coord|69|42|N|170|17|E|type:city|name=Pevek}}) in [[Mare Sibiricum Orientale|Mari Siberico Orientali]].

{{NexInt}}
{{div col|2}}
* [[:Categoria:Exploratores Arcticae]]
* [[:Categoria:Fauna Arctica]]
* [[Flumina Atlantici Septentrionalis]]
* [[Internationalis Scientiae Arcticae Consilium]]
* [[Loci extremi Arcticae]]
* [[Pons Arcticus]]
* [[Nordicitas]]
* [[Oecologia et historia glaciei marinae Arcticae]]
* [[Opera et Politica Arctica]]&lt;!-- =Arctic Cooperation and Politics --&gt;
* [[Pileus Chukchi]]
* [[Septem maria]]
* [[Subarctica]]
{{div col end}}

==Notae==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
* Grantz, Arthur, L. Johnson, et J. F. Sweeney, eds. [[1990]]. ''The Arctic Ocean Region.'' Boulder Colorati: Geological Society of America. ISBN 0-8137-5211-6.
* Neatby, Leslie H. [[1973]]. ''Discovery in Russian and Siberian Waters.'' ISBN 0-8214-0124-6.
* Ray, L., et B. Bacon, eds. [[1982]]. ''The Arctic Ocean.'' ISBN 0-333-31017-9.
* Thorén, Ragnar V. A. [[1969]]. ''Picture Atlas of the Arctic.'' ISBN 0-8214-0124-6.
* Tolmachev, A. I., ed. [[1982]]. ''The Arctic Ocean and Its Coast in the Cenozoic Era.'' Novi Dellii: Amerind.

== Nexus externi ==
{{Fontes geographici}}
{{CommuniaCat|Arctic Ocean|Oceanum Arcticum}}
{{Wiktionary|Oceanum Arcticum}}
{{wikisource|CIA World Fact Book, 2004/Arctic Ocean|Oceanum Arcticum}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060106013649/http://vitalgraphics.grida.no/arcticmap/ Atlas Circumiectus Arctici,] apud vitalgraphics.grida.no.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140119003406/http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0060.html &quot;Daily Arctic Ocean Rawinsonde Data&quot; ex &quot;Soviet Drifting Ice Stations (1954–1990),&quot;] apud nsidc.org
* [http://www.arctic-council.org De rebus arcticis] apud www.arctic-council.org (Concilium Arcticum).
* [http://www.polarfoundation.org/ De regione Arctica,] apud polarfoundation.org (Societas Fundata Polaris Internationalis).
* [http://www.northernforum.org Forum Septentrionale] apud www.northernforum.org.
* [http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/05arctic/welcome.html &quot;The Hidden Ocean Arctic 2005,&quot; relatus ex missione exploratoria quotidie dati,] apud oceanexplorer.noaa.gov.
* [http://www.arctic.noaa.gov/gallery_np.html Imagines ex &quot;NOAA North Pole Web Cam,&quot; vere super planum glaciale posito,] apud www.arctic.noaa.gov.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110723034802/http://www.marbef.org/wiki/Arctic_Ocean &quot;Marine Biodiversity Wiki,&quot;] apud marbef.org.
* [http://nsidc.org/arcticseaicenews/ Nuntii de tegmen glaciei secundum indicia ex satellite] apud nsidc.org (National Snow and Ice Data Center).
* [http://www.arctic.noaa.gov &quot;NOAA Arctic Theme Page,&quot;] apud www.arctic.noaa.gov.&lt;!--
*{{CIA World Factbook link|xq|Arctic Ocean}}--&gt;
* [http://www.whoi.edu/imageOfDay.do Oceanographica Diei Imago, ex Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,] apud www.whoi.edu.
* [http://www.arctic.noaa.gov/gallery_np_weatherdata.html Res ex instrumentis super ''floe'' glaciali ositis,] apud www.arctic.noaa.gov.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080722215555/http://www.wired.com/news/technology/0,1282,63980,00.html &quot;Search for Arctic Life Heats Up,&quot; a Stephano Leahy scriptum,] apud www.wired.com.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120702084209/http://www.unaami.noaa.gov/ Series temporis Arctici: &quot;The Unaami Data collection,&quot;] apud www.unaami.noaa.gov.

{{Oceani}}
{{FA stella}}

[[Categoria:Canada Septentrionalis]]
[[Categoria:Oceanus Arcticus|!]]
[[Categoria:Regio Arctica]]
{{1000 paginae}}
{{Myrias|Geographia}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Periodica Latina</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="2313" sha1="0w895w5z7v9rtc209tytxz5by3i0ovy" xml:space="preserve">Multa '''[[periodicum|periodica]] [[Latine]]''' conscripta sunt, olim et nunc. Ecce exempla:

== Periodica quae non iam eduntur ==
* [[Alaudae]], quas edebat [[Carolus Henricus Ulrichs]]
* [[Vox Urbis]], quam edebat Eques [[Aristides Leonori]]
* [[Praeco Latinus]]
* [[Hermes Romanus]] ou Mercure latin, Parisiis, Chaignieau, 1816-1818.
* [[Hermes Americanus]]
* [[Apis Romana]], editum in Montlieu (Charente-Inférieure), ab abbate Raniguet, superior Parvi seminarii.
* [[Civis Romanus]], Bremae ([[Bremen]], Germanis)
* [[Palaestra Latina]]
* [[Iúvenis]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20040410134606/http://www.elimagazines.com/magazines/iuvenis/index.htm ''ELI Magazines'' apud www.elimagazines.com]

== Periodica adhuc extantia ==
* [[Ephemeris (diarium interretiale)]]
* [[Vox Latina]] [http://www.voxlatina.uni-saarland.de/ ''Vox latina'' apud www.voxlatina.uni-saarland.de]
* [[Melissa]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20110225185654/http://users.skynet.be/Melissalatina/ ''Melissa'' apud users.skynet.be]
* [[Aduléscens]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20080512030401/http://www.elimagazines.com/magazines/adulescens/ ''ELI Magazines'' apud www.elimagazines.com]
* [[Rumor Varius]] [http://www.eclectica.ch/f/rumor_varius_presentation.php]
* [[Latinitas (periodicum)]] [http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/institutions_connected/latinitas/documents/rc_latinitas_20040602_commentarii-latinitas_lt.html]
* [[M.A.S.]]
* [[Nunc est gaudendum]]
* [[TIRO]] [http://www.beacon-verlag.de/produkte.htm#tiro]

== In interreti ==
* [[Retiarius]] [http://www.uky.edu/ArtsSciences/Classics/retiarius/ ''Retiarius'' apud www.uky.edu]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20230116125337/https://ephemerisnuntii.eu/ Ephemeris]
* [[Leo Latinus]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20041205093019/http://www.leolatinus.com/Nuntius_lat.html ''www.leolatinus.com - lateinische Hörbuch-Textausgaben'' apud www.leolatinus.com]
* [[Vates (periodicum)|Vates]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20130202073546/http://pineapplepubs.snazzystuff.co.uk/vates.htm], [https://vatesblog.wordpress.com/]
*[http://praeconia.blogspot.com Acta Hodierna]
* [[Hebdomada Aenigmatum]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20210506091613/http://www.mylatinlover.it/]

{{NexInt}}
* [[Nuntii Latini]]
* [[Vita Latinitatis]]

{{Nexus carentes}}

[[Categoria:Periodica Latina|!]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ordo (taxinomia)</title>
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      <text bytes="1534" sha1="tkhwpyugv0nn2rqsx7l9qn84thoc1fl" xml:space="preserve">{{videdis|Ordo (discretiva)}}

[[Fasciculus:Categoriae taxonomicae la.png|thumb|upright=0.5|Categoriae taxinomicae]]
'''Ordo''' {{victio|Ordo|inis|m}} in [[Systema taxinomicum Linnaeanum|systemate taxinomico Linnaeano]] est gradus [[Biologia|biologicus]] inter [[Classis (taxinomia)|classem]] et [[Familia (taxinomia)|familiam]] posita.

==Subdivisiones==
Inter classem et ordinem, pariter atque inter ordinem et familiam, varii gradus medii in usu sunt, prout opus est subtiliore [[organismus|organismorum]] in subclasses distributione. Usitatissimi gradus sunt hi: 

{{Index arborescens|
* '''CLASSIS'''
** '''Magnordo'''
*** '''Superordo'''
**** '''Grandordo'''
***** '''Mirordo'''
****** '''ORDO'''
******* '''Subordo'''
******** '''Infraordo'''
********* '''Parvordo'''
********** '''FAMILIA'''
}}

Ordines sunt, exempli gratia:
*[[Insecta|Insectis]]: [[Diptera]] et [[Odonata]]
*[[Plantae|Plantis]]: [[Fabales]] et [[Liliales]]
*[[Reptilia|Reptilibus]]: [[Squamata]] et [[Testudines]]

{{NexInt}}
*[[Cladistica]]
*[[Classificatio biologica]]
*[[Classificatio virorum]]
*[[Hierarchia]]
*[[Taxinomia]]

== Nexus externi ==
* ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20191216164849/https://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants]'' (2018)
* ''[https://www.iczn.org/the-code/the-international-code-of-zoological-nomenclature/the-code-online/ International Code of Zoological Nomenclature]'' (1999/2012)

{{Gradus taxinomici}}

[[Categoria:Ordines (taxinomia)|!]]

{{Myrias|Biologia}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>1876</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <comment>Imago Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F078072-0004,_Konrad_Adenauer.jpg deleta est ex Communibus ab Reinhard Kraasch. Ille hanc rationem dedit: Copyright violation; see [[:c:Commons:Licensing|]] ([[:c:COM:CSD#F1|F1]]): and [[:c:Ticket:2026102910008077|]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="6171" sha1="jt5lmn8jt7ies11o6q1qqe8j5j4towk" xml:space="preserve">{{Decennium|188|MDCCCLXXVI}}

== Eventa ==
=== Mense Aprili ===
* [[17 Aprilis]] - [[Ioannes Emmanuel Florescu]] novus primus minister [[Romania]]e factus est; successor est [[Lascăr Catargiu]].

=== Mense Maio ===
* [[6 Maii]] - [[Ioannes Emmanuel Florescu]] primus minister [[Romania]]e brevi tempore dimissus est; successor [[Manuel Constantinus Epureanu]] factus est.

=== Mense Iunio ===
* [[25 Iunii|25]] et [[26 Iunii]] - [[Proelium ad Magnum Cornu Minus]] in [[Montana]] factum est.

=== Mense Augusto ===
* [[5 Augusti]] - [[Manuel Constantinus Epureanu]] primus minister [[Romania]]e brevi tempore dimissus est; successor [[Ioannes Constantinus Brătianu]] factus est.

=== Mense Decembri ===
* [[8 Decembris]] - [[Epaminondas Deligeorges]] [[Primi ministri Graeciae|Primus Minister]] [[Graecia]]e nominatus est. Antecessor eius [[Alexander Cumundurus]] erat.
* [[13 Decembris]] - [[Alexander Cumundurus]] [[Primi ministri Graeciae|Primus Minister]] [[Graecia]]e nominatus est. Antecessor eius [[Epaminondas Deligeorges]] erat.

=== Ignotis diebus ===
* [[Societas Zoologica Franciae]] constituta est.

== Nati ==
[[Fasciculus:Ethiopia empress zauditu.jpg|thumb|120px|right|[[Zauditu]] 1876-1930]]
=== Mense Ianuario ===
* [[5 Ianuarii]] - [[Conradus Adenauer]], vir publicus [[Germania]]e; mortuus est anno [[1967]].
* [[6 Ianuarii]] - [[Christianus Caminada]], [[episcopus]] [[dioecesis Curiensis]]; mortuus est anno [[1962]].

=== Mense Februario ===
* [[12 Februarii]] - [[Paulus Chack]], [[scriptor]] [[Francia|Francicus]]; supplicio affectus est anno [[1945]].
* [[19 Februarii]] - [[Constantinus Brâncuşi]], [[sculptor]] [[Romania|Dacoromanus]] (mortuus [[1957]])

=== Mense Martio ===
* [[2 Martii]] - [[Eugenius Pacelli]], papa Pius XII [[Roma]]e (mortuus anno [[1958]]).
*[[23 Martii]] - [[Kodaw Hmaing]], auctor scaenicus et satyricus [[Birmania|Birmanicus]]; mortuus est anno [[1964]].

=== Mense Aprili ===
* [[29 Aprilis]]
**[[Zauditu]], [[Aethiopia]]e [[Imperator|imperatrix]], mortua [[1930]].
**[[Maria Mannering]], [[actrix]] [[theatrum|theatralis]] [[Regnum Unitum|Britannica]]; mortua est anno [[1953]].

=== Mense Maio ===
*[[18 Maii]] - [[Hermannus Müller]], vir publicus [[Germania|Theodiscus]] factionis [[SPD]]; mortuus est anno [[1931]].
*[[24 Maii]] - [[Maurilius Fossati]], [[archiepiscopus]] [[Taurinum|Taurini]] ac [[cardinalis]] [[Ecclesia Catholica|Ecclesiae Catholicae]]; mortuus est anno [[1965]].

=== Mense Iunio ===
* [[10 Iunii]] - [[Gulielmus Ernestus (Saxonia-Vimarii-Eisenach)|Gulielmus Ernestus]] dux magnus [[Saxonia-Vimarii-Eisenach|Saxoniae-Vimarii-Eisenach]] annis [[1901]] - [[1918]]; mortuus est anno [[1923]].
* [[22 Iunii]] - [[Hermannus Hummel]], vir publicus [[Germania|Germanicus]] atque sodalis [[DDP]]; mortuus est anno [[1952]].

=== Mense Iulio ===
[[Fasciculus:Mata-Hari 1910.jpg|thumb|120px|right|[[Mata Hari]] 1876-1917]]
[[Fasciculus:Pablocasals.jpg|thumb|120px|right|[[Paulus Casals]] 1876-1973]]
* [[12 Iulii]] - [[Vincentius Polidori]], poeta [[Francia|Francicus]] [[lingua Latina]] scribens; mortuus est anno [[1968]].
* [[15 Iulii]] - [[Maximus Jacob]], [[scriptor]], [[poeta]] et pictor [[Francia|Francicus]]; mortuus est anno [[1944]].
* [[20 Iulii]] - [[Otto Blumenthal]], [[mathematicus]] [[Germania|Germanicus]]; necatus est a [[NSDAP|Nazistis]] anno [[1944]].

=== Mense Augusto ===
* [[7 Augusti]] - [[Mata Hari]], saltatrix [[Nederlandia|Nederlandica]] et exploratrix [[Bellum Orbis Terrarum I|Bello Orbis Terrarum I]], supplicio affecta est anno [[1917]].
* [[14 Augusti]] - [[Sibylla Aleramo]], scriptrix [[Italia|Italica]]; mortua est anno [[1960]].
* [[29 Augusti]] - [[Kim Gu]], [[Respublica Coreae|Rei Publicae Coreanae]] vir publicus; mortuus est anno [[1949]].

=== Mense Octobri ===
* [[21 Octobris]] - [[Petrus Stubmann]], vir publicus [[Germania|Theodiscus]] et annis [[1918]]/[[1919]] praeses ministrorum [[Megalopolis-Strelicia]]e; mortuus est anno [[1962]].

=== Mense Novembri ===
* [[22 Novembris]] - [[Petrus Petit de Julleville]], [[cardinalis]] et ab anno [[1936]] [[archiepiscopus]] [[Francia|Francicus]] [[Rothomagus|Rothomagi]]; motuus est anno [[1947]].

=== Mense Decembri ===
* [[11 Decembris]] - [[Paulus de Chapeaurouge]], vir publicus [[Germania|Theodiscus]] factionis Nationalis Liberalis, deinde [[DVP]], postremo [[CDU]]; mortuus est anno [[1952]].
* [[22 Decembris]] - [[Philippus Thomas Marinetti]], poeta et edictor (mortuus anno [[1944]])
* [[29 Decembris]] - [[Paulus Casals]], violunculista [[Hispania|Hispanicus]]; mortuus est anno [[1973]].
{{-}}

== Mortui ==
=== Mense Ianuario ===
* [[10 Ianuarii]] - [[Carolus Edmundus Henricus de Coussemaker]], [[iurisconsultus]] [[musicologus]] et [[ethnologus]] [[Francia|Francicus]]; natus est [[1805]].
* [[22 Ianuarii]] - [[Ioannes Bacchus Dykes]], sacerdos et praeclarus [[hymnus|hymnorum]] [[compositor]] [[Anglia|Anglicus]]; natus est anno [[1823]].

=== Mense Februario ===
* [[18 Februarii]] - [[Adolphus Theodorus Brongniart]], studiosus [[chemica|chemicus]], [[mineralogia]]e, [[geologia]]e, [[palaeontologia]]e et [[zoologia]]e [[Francia|Francicus]]; natus est anno [[1801]].

=== Mense Martio ===
* [[5 Martii]] - [[Maria de Agoult]], scriptrix [[Francia|Francica]]; nata est anno [[1805]].
* [[31 Martii]] - [[Iacobus Bodisco]], dux militum [[Imperium Russicum|Russicus]], natus est anno [[1794]].

=== Mense Maio ===
* [[29 Maii]] - [[Fridericus Christianus Diez]], [[Linguae Romanicae|linguarum romanicarum]] [[philologia|philologus]] [[Germania|Germanicus]]; natus est anno [[1794]].

=== Mense Augusto ===
* [[8 Augusti]] - [[Adolphus Tidemand]], pictor [[Norvegia|Norvegicus]]; natus est anno [[1814]].

=== Mense Novembri ===
* [[6 Novembris]] - [[Iacobus Antonelli]], [[cardinalis]] [[Cardinalis Secretarius Status|secretarius status]] (natus anno [[1806]]).

=== Mense Decembri ===
* [[30 Decembris]] - [[Christianus Winther]], [[scriptor]] et [[poeta]] [[Dania|Danicus]]; natus est anno [[1796]].

== Principes Mundi ==
* [[Imperium Ottomanicum]]:
:''Abdulaziz'' Sultanus, die [[30 Maii]] depositus.
:[[Amorathes V]] Sultanus, die [[31 Augusti]] depositus.
:''Abdulhamid'' Sultanus</text>
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  <page>
    <title>3 Novembris</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <comment>Solitas emendatiiones feci.</comment>
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      <text bytes="11003" sha1="5vbkl2rfqy0gfe1on5jhu0mjhj9w1is" xml:space="preserve">{{Res|3 Novembris}} est [[dies]] 307ª anni (308ª [[annus bisextilis|annis bisextilibus]]) in [[Calendarium Gregorianum|calendario Gregoriano]]. 58 dies manent.

Secundum [[calendarium Romanum]] '''ante diem tertium Nonas Novembres''' (''a.d. III Non. Nov.'') est.

{{Calendarium-Novembris}}
[[Fasciculus:Ugrant.jpeg|thumb|left|upright=0.44|[[Ulixes S. Grant]]]]
== [[Praeses Civitatum Foederatarum Americae|Praesides Civitatum Foederatarum Americae]] hodie electi ==
* [[1868]] - [[Ulixes S. Grant]]
* [[1896]] - [[Gulielmus McKinley]]
* [[1908]] - [[Gulielmus Howard Taft]] 
* [[1936]] - [[Franklinius D. Rooseveltius]] (iterum electus)
* [[1964]] - [[Lyndon B. Johnson]]
* [[1992]] - [[Gulielmus Clinton]] 

== Alia Eventa ==
=== Saeculo 4 === 
* [[361]] - Post mortem [[Constantius II|Constantii II]] imperatoris [[Iulianus Apostata|Flavius Iulianus]] ab utroque imperio [[Roma]]no imperator solus salutatur.

=== Saeculo 7 ===
* [[625]] aut [[27 Octobris]] - [[Honorius I (papa)|Honorius I]] [[papa]] eligitur.

=== Saeculo 15 ===
* [[1450]] - [[Universitas Barcinonensis]] constituitur.

=== Saeculo 20 ===
* [[1903]] - [[Panama]] a [[Columbia]] libera fit.
* [[1918]] - [[Polonia]] suam [[independentia]]m a Russia declarat.
* [[1930]] - Post tumultum militarem [[Gaetulius Dornelles Vargas]] praeses [[Brasilia]]e fit.
* [[1935]] - [[Georgius II (rex Graecorum)|Georgius II]], rex [[Graecia]]e revocatur.
* [[1946]] - [[Constitutio Iaponiae]] publice decreta a [[Parlamentum|Parlamento]] imperiali est. 
* [[1978]] - [[Dominica (civitas)|Dominica]] a [[Britanniarum regnum|Britanniarum regno]] libera fit.


=== Saecolo 21 ===
* [[2014]] - ''One World Trade Center'' post ''[[World Trade Center (Novum Eboracum)|World Trade Center]]'' constituitur.

== Nati ==
=== Saeculo 1 ===
* [[39]] - [[Lucanus]], poeta Romanus (†&amp;nbsp;[[65]])

=== Saeculo 15 ===
* [[1500]] - [[Benvenuto Cellini|Benvenutus Cellini]], sculptor [[Italia|Italicus]] (†&amp;nbsp;[[1571]])

=== Saeculo 16 ===
* [[1527]] - [[Tilemann Heshusius]], [[Theologia|theologus]] [[Emendatio Ecclesiae|reformatus]] [[Germania|Germanicus]] (mortuus anno [[1588]])

=== Saeculo 17 ===
* [[1604]] - [[Ottomanus II (sultanus Ottomanicus)|Ottomanus II]], sultanus Ottomanicus (mortuus anno [[1622]])
* [[1618]] - [[Aurangzeb]], Mogul vel imperator [[Imperium Mogolicum|imperii Mogolici]] (mortuus anno [[1707]]) 

=== Saeculo 18 ===
* [[1718]] - [[Ioannes Montagu (comes Sandvicensis)|Iohannes Montagu]], comes Sandvicensis (†&amp;nbsp;[[1792]]) 
* [[1749]] - [[Daniel Rutherford]], botanista et chemicus [[Scotia|Scoticus]] (mortuus anno [[1819]])
* [[1793]] - [[Stephanus F. Augustinus]], praecursor [[CFA|Americanus]], fundator Rei publicae [[Texas|Texanae]] (†&amp;nbsp;[[1836]])  
* [[1794]] - [[Villelmus Cullen Brigant]], poeta et diurnarius Americanus (†&amp;nbsp;[[1878]])

=== Saeculo 19 ===
* [[1801]] - [[Vincentius Bellini]], compositor Italicus (†&amp;nbsp;[[1835]])
* [[1816]] - [[Jubal Early]], dux militum Americanus (†&amp;nbsp;[[1894]]) 
* [[1852]] - [[Mutsuhito|Meidius]], imperator [[Iaponia]]e (mortuus anno [[1912]])
* [[1879]] - [[Ignatius Gabriel I Tappouni]], [[cardinalis]]  Romanae Ecclesiae et [[Patriarchatus Antiochenus|patriarcha Antiochenus]] Ecclesiae Catholicae Syrorum (mortuus anno [[1968]])
* [[1882]] - [[Iacobus Kolas]], scriptor [[Ruthenia Alba|Albaruthenicus]] [[URSS|Sovieticus]] (†&amp;nbsp;[[1956]])
* [[1883]] - [[Demetrius Moor]], pictor [[Russia|Russicus]] Sovieticus (†&amp;nbsp;1946)
* [[1887]] - [[Samuel Maršak]], poeta Russicus Sovieticus (†&amp;nbsp;[[1964]])
* 1894 - [[Sophocles Benizelus]], [[Primi ministri Graeciae|primus minister Graeciae]] (mortuus anno 1964)
* [[1895]] - [[Olga Nicolai filia Romanova|Olga]], magna principissa Russiae, filia imperatoris [[Nicolaus II (imperator Russiae)|Nicolai II]] (†&amp;nbsp;1918)

=== Saeculo 20 ===
* [[1901]]
** [[Andreas Malraux]], scriptor [[Francia|Francicus]] (†&amp;nbsp;[[1976]]) 
** [[Leopoldus III (rex Belgarum)|Leopoldus III]], rex [[Belgica]]e (†&amp;nbsp;[[1983]]) 
* [[1903]] - [[Walker Evans]], photographus Americanus (mortuus anno [[1975]])
* [[1908]] - [[Ioannes Leone]], [[Praeses Consilii ministrorum Reipublicae Italicae|primus minister Italiae]] (mortuus anno [[2001]])
* [[1909]] - [[Iacobus Reston]], diurnarius Americanus (mortuus anno [[1995]])
* 1912 - [[Alfredus Stroessner]], praeses [[Paraquaria]]e (mortuus anno [[2006]])
* [[1921]] - [[Carolus Bronson]], actor Americanus (†&amp;nbsp;[[2003]]) 
* [[1926]] - [[Valdas Adamkus]], praeses [[Lituania]]e
* [[1928]] 
** [[Lew Palter]], actor Americanus (mortuus anno [[2023]])
** [[Tezuka Osamu]], scriptor [[manga]]rum (mortuus anno [[1989]])
* [[1931]] - [[Monica Vitti]], actrix Italica (mortua anno [[2022]])
* [[1933]]
** [[Michael Dukakis]], politicus Americanus 
** [[Ieremias Brett]], actor [[Anglia|Anglicus]] (†&amp;nbsp;[[1995]])
** [[Ioannes Barry]], [[musica]]e pelliculorum [[compositor]] Britannicus (mortuus anno [[2011]])
** [[Amartya Sen]], oeconimiae peritus philosophusque [[India|Indicus]], qui [[praemium Nobelianum Oeconomiae]] accipiet 
** [[Ken Berry]], actor Americanus (mortuus anno [[2018]])
* 1935 - [[Paulus (patriarcha Aethiopiae)|Abune Paulus]], [[patriarcha]] [[Ecclesia Orthodoxa Aethiopica|Ecclesiae Orthodoxae Aethiopicae]] (mortuus anno [[2012]]) 
* [[1937]] - [[Lynn Woolsey]], rerum politicarum perita Americana factionis [[Partes democraticae (CFA)|Democraticae]].
* [[1938]] - [[Martinus Dunwoody]], mathematicus Britannicus
* [[1945]] - [[Gerardus Müller]], pedilusor Germanicus (mortuus anno [[2021]])
* 1946 - [[Thomas Savini]], actor et moderator cinematographicus atque faber larvarum Americanus
* [[1947]] - [[Mazie Hirono]], rerum politicarum perita Americana [[Factio Democratica (Civitates Foederatae)|factionis Democraticae]] 
* [[1948]] - [[Lulu (cantante)|Lulu]], actrix et cantrix Scotica
* 1949 
** [[Larry Holmes]], pugil Americanus
** [[Anna Wintour]], diurnaria Britannico-Americana
* [[1950]] - [[Iacobus Rothman]], [[Biochemia|biochemicus]] Americanus, [[Praemium Nobelianum physiologiae et medicinae|praemio Nobeliano physiologiae et medicinae]] affectus 
* [[1951]] - [[Ioannes Teresi]], poëta et scriptor [[Lingua Latina|Linguae Latinae]] Italicus 
* [[1952]]
** [[Roseanne]], actrix comica Americana 
** [[Iacobus Ionas Cummings]], histrio Americanus
* [[1953]]
** [[Catharina Capshaw]], actrix Americana
** [[Dionysius Miller]], comicus Americanus
** [[Anna Milton]], rerum politicarum perita Britannica factionis [[Factio Conservativa (Britanniarum Regnum)|Conservativae]]
* 1954 - [[Adam Ant]], cantor [[Anglia|Anglicus]].
* 1956 - [[Kevin Murphy]], actor, actor pupularum et scriptor 
* [[1958]] - [[Antonius McNulty]], rerum politicarum peritus Britannicus factionis [[Factio Laboris (Britanniarum Regnum)|Laboris]]
* [[1960]] - [[Karch Kiraly]], pallavolista Americanus
* [[1962]] - [[Jacqui Smith]], rerum politicarum perita Britannica factionis Laboris
* [[1963]] - [[Ioannes Wright]], [[pedilusor]] Anglicus
* [[1970]] - [[Andreas Juskowiak]], pedilusor [[Polonia|Polonicus]] 
* [[1972]] - [[Hubertus Heil]], vir publicus Germaniae factionis [[SPD]]
* 1976 - [[Gulielmus Franco]], pedilusor [[Mexico|Mexicanus]]
* [[1977]] - [[Aria Giovanni]], actrix ponographica Americana 
* [[1982]] - [[Eugenius Pljuščenko]], pactinator artisticus Russicus 
* [[1986]] - [[Iasminus Trias]], cantrix Americana

== Mortui ==
=== Saeculo 4 ===
* 361 - Constantius II, imperator [[Imperium Romanum|Romanus]] (natus anno [[337]])

=== Saeculo 13 ===
* [[1254]] - [[Ioannes III Ducas Batatzes]], [[Imperatores Constantinopolitani|imperator Byzantinus]]

=== Saeculo 16 ===
* [[1580]] - [[Hieronymus de Zurita y Castro]], [[rerum gestarum scriptor]] [[Hispania|Hispanicus]] (natus anno [[1512]])
* [[1584]] - [[Carolus Borromeus]], [[archiepiscopus]] [[Archidioecesis Mediolanensis|Mediolanensis]], [[cardinalis]] ac [[sanctus]] (natus [[1538]]) 

=== Saeculo 17 ===
* [[1639]] - [[Martinus de Porres]], Dominicanus Peruanus, sanctus (natus [[1579]])

=== Saeculo 18 ===
* [[1787]] - [[Robertus Lowth]], episcopus et grammaticus Britannicus (natus anno [[1710]])
* [[1798]] - [[Olympe de Gouges]], scriptrix et feminista Francica

=== Saeculo 19 ===
* [[1879]] - [[Iosephus Poelaert]], architectus regis Belgarum [[Leopoldus I|Leopoldi I]] (*&amp;nbsp;[[1817]])
* [[1890]] - [[Ulricus Ochsenbein]], [[Consilium Foederale Helvetiae|Consiliarius Foederalis Helvetiae]] (n. [[1811]]) 
* [[1891]] - [[Ludovicus Lucianus Bonaparte]], politicus Francicus (natus anno [[1813]])
* [[1893]] - [[Angelus Jelmini]], presbyter Italicus et [[dioecesis Luganensis]] [[administrator apostolicus]] (mortuus anno 1968)

=== Saeculo 20 ===
* [[1914]] - [[Georgius Trakl]], poeta [[Austria]]cus (natus est anno 1887)
* [[1917]] - [[Leo Bloy]], auctor Francicus (natus anno 1946)
* 1918 - [[Alexander Ljapunov]], mathematicus Russicus (natus [[1857]]) 
* [[1929]] - [[Olaus Aukrust]], poeta [[Norvegia|Norvegicus]] 
* 1954 - [[Henricus Matisse]], pictor Francicus (natus anno [[1869]])
* [[1957]]
** [[Gulielmus Reich]], [[Psychiatria|psychiater]], [[psychologia|animi]] et [[actus sexuales|actuum sexualium]] studiosus Americanus (natus est anno [[1897]])
** [[Laika]] canis, primum animal in [[spatium cosmicum]] iter faciens (nata circa annum 1954)
* [[1965]] - [[Ioannes de Raumer]], vir publicus Germaniae [[Factio Theodisca Popularis|Factionis Theodisca Popularis]] (natus anno [[1870]])
* [[1970]] - [[Iosephus Tronskij]], philologus Sovieticus (natus anno 1897)
* [[1971]] - [[Ioannes Krüger]], vir publicus Germanicus et sodalis factionis [[CDU]] (natus est anno [[1902]])
* [[1990]] - [[Maria Martina]], actrix Americana (nata anno [[1913]]) 
* [[1993]] - [[Leo Theremin]], inventor Russicus et Sovieticus (natus anno [[1896]])
* 1995 - [[Gordon S. Fahrni]], medicus, praeses Associationis Medicae [[Canada|Canadiensis]]  (natus anno 1887)
* [[1996]] - [[Ioannes Bédel Bokassa]], praeses et postea imperator [[Respublica Africae Mediae|Reipublicae Africae Mediae]] (natus anno 1921)
* [[1999]] - [[Ioannes Bannen]], actor Scoticus (natus 1928)

=== Saeculo 21 ===
* [[2002]] - [[Lonnie Donegan]], musicus Britannicus (natus 1931) 
* [[2003]] - [[Rasul Gamzatov]], poeta [[Daghestania|Daghestanicus]], Sovieticus et Russicus (natus [[1923]]) 
* [[2004]] - [[Carolus F. Wheeler]], dispositor scaenarum et photographus Americanus (natus anno [[1915]])
* [[2025]] - [[Ricardus Cheney]], [[praeses vicarius Civitatum Foederatarum Americae]] (*&amp;nbsp;[[1941]])

== Festa et Feriae ==
* Dominica - Independentiae dies (1978)
* [[Civitates Foederatae Micronesiae]] - Independentiae dies (1986)
* Panama - Festum nationale
* Iaponia - Dies culturae ([[natalis|die natali]] imperatoris Meiji)
* Memoria [[Martinus de Porres|Sancti Martini de Porres]], fratris [[Ordo Fratrum Praedicatorum|Donminicani]] (ecclesiae catholica, Anglicana et evangelica-Lutherana Civitatum Foederatarum Americae)

{{CommuniaCat|3 November}}
{{Menses}}

[[Categoria:Dies]]</text>
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    <title>Senatus Romanus</title>
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      <text bytes="9878" sha1="6mhustg0j9k3am7jzoa4rda6f83emp4" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Curia Iulia.JPG|thumb|[[Curia Iulia]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro Romano]], quae fuit sedes Senatus]]

'''Senatus Romanus''' {{Victio|senatus|-us, -ūs|m}} fuit comitium veterrimum civitatis, institutum aetate [[Regnum Romanum|Regni Romani]] et spatium [[Libera res publica Romana|Rei Publicae]] [[Imperium Romanum|Principatus]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;que obdurans. Verbum ''Senatus'' crescit a radice eadem sicut ''[[wikt:senex|senex]]''; Senatus igitur interpretationem veluti “concilium senium” determinat.


== Conditus ==
Fabulae antiquae narrant [[Romulus|Romulum]] senatum sibi consulendi causa statuisse. Concepit copiam senatorum pristinorum ex patribus divitissimis civitatis, centum ad numerum, de quibus verbum ''[[patricius]]'' defluit. Anno [[509 a.C.n.|509 a.C.]] [[Lucius Iunius Brutus]] qui regem ultimum [[Tarquinius Superbus|Tarquinium Superbum]] Roma exegit et Rem Publicam instituit, numerum senatorum a centum ad trecentos auxit. Dicti autem sunt idem a Bruto conscripti esse, quam ob rem ''patres et conscripti'', vel ''patres conscripti'' in aetate aurea Latinitatis appellabantur. 

== Auctoritas ==
Cives Romani duos in ordines, patricios et [[Plebs|plebes]], tributi sunt. Populus qui familiis priscis senatoriis aetatis Regni Romani non delapsus est plebem constituit. Regibus priscis ex urbe expulsis, imperium monarchiae in populum delatum est. [[Comitia centuriata|Comitia Centuriata]] [[Comitia curiata|Comitiaque Populi Tributa]] imprimis imperium tenuerunt; annis cedentibus [[Concilium Plebis]] plus imperii propter [[:en:Conflict_of_the_Orders|Concertationem Ordinum]] potitum est. Contitutio Romana non sinebat ut Senatus iura leges edicta promulgaret antequam aliquae comitia rem consuluisset. Consensus comitiorum vel concilii plebis potestatem iuribus legibus edictis dabat. Comitiis concilioque plebis non modo ius rogationis delatum est sed etiam [[Magistratus|magistratus Romanos]] eligendi - haec potestas senatui data non est. 

Senatus tamen aliquantam auctoritatem possidebat. Pro urbe legatos Romanos mittebat et nuntios peregrinos accipiebat; constituebat procuratores ad [[Agri publici|agros publicos]] administrandos; [[Proconsul|proconsules]] [[Propraetor|propraetores]] duces adoptabat; pecunias publicas ex provinciis colligebat. Senatus etiam qualem potestatem tenuit ut [[senatus consultum ultimum]] actuaret ad [[Dictatura|dictatorem]] in temporibus discriminis confirmandum, quo magis Res Publica servanda foret. Tali in discrime oportuit dictator faceret id quod meditaretur ut Res Publica servanda foret, usque ad cives interficiendos sine iudicio. 

Sicut Comitia Centuriata et Comitia Populi Tributa, senatus item intra [[Pomoerium]] in aedificio sacro se congregabat, plerumque in [[Curia Hostilia]]. Sacrificia novi anni in [[Iuppiter|templo Iovis Optimi Maximi]] et professiones bellorum in templo [[Bellona|Bellonae]] fiebant. Cum duces imperatores Romam regressi essent ad [[Triumphus|triumphos]] celebrandos, necesse erat senatui extra Pomoerium convenire, quia non oportebat imperator triumphalis Pomoerio ingrederetur priusquam concessio ei donata foret; talibus in temporibus aedificio quali [[Theatrum Pompeii|Theatro Pompeii]] generaliter conveniebat senatus. Chronologice, senatui convenire licebat inter ortum occasumque solis talibus diebus fastis dum comitia alia non convenerint.

== Corporatio Senatus Romani ==
Singuli momento fere trecenti senatores exstabant dum Res Publica [[Antiquitas classica|aetate classica]] valebat. Quique magistratus scilicet [[Quaestor|quaestores]] [[Aedilis|aediles]] [[Praetor|praetores]] [[Consul|consules]] ad dignitatem senatus accesserunt; fieri autem poterat ut senator dignitate spoliaretur, si quod censor ratus est senatorem fecisse contra mores solemnes. Fieri quoque poterat ut aliquis senator factus sit si [[censor]] eum ad dignitatem advocaverit; ac rarius factum est hoc eventum. Ideo senatus a familiis ratis nobilioribus, quae [[Cursus honorum|cursum honorum]] saepe consequebantur, actus est. 

== Senatus per Rei Publicae Ruinam ==
Re Publica per saeculum ante Christi natum aegrotante, partes exstiterunt quae se direxerunt in duas classes: [[Optimates]] vel Bonoroum qui nobilitatem diligebant, ac [[Populares]] qui plebi favebat. Optimates duxerunt [[Lucius Cornelius Sulla|Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix]], [[Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus]], [[Marcus Tullius Cicero]], [[Marcus Porcius Cato Uticensis]], etiam plures. Populares duxerunt [[Gaius Marius]], [[Gaius Iulius Caesar]], [[Marcus Antonius|Marcus Antonius Creticus]], [[Publius Clodius Pulcher]], plures quoque. Inter Optimates Popularesque concertatio frequenter erumpebant, quare violentia dissidium ac [[Bellum civile|bella civilia]] hoc saeculo imperaverunt. [[De bello civili|Bellum inter Iulium Caesarem et Pompeium Magnum]], ex senatu crescens, demum Rem Publicam saepsit ut aetas Imperii Romani denique facta sit.  

== Vices Curae ==
Cum consules invicem mensium senatui praesiderent, [[princeps senatus]] qui longissime decore emeritus esset maioritati congressuum quotidianorum praeerat. Cum ambo consules ab urbe abessent propter bellum vel aliam causam, magistratus honoratissimus, [[praetor urbanus]] plerumque, senatui praeerat. Loquendi ordo per quem senatores sibi adfabantur resessus est secundum senioritatem; quo exemplo si duo paris loci adloquendo studerint, de consuetudine patricius praeter plebeianum talem honorem conceperit.  

== Mores Antiqui ==
Spatium conferendi infinitum erat; cum consensus eminenter aestimaretur saepe senatores conferebant ne classis dessidens scissionem faceret. Adsuetudine vel voce vel manu divisiones curiae ostensae sunt; gravioribus de rebus divisio ostensa sit per separationem ipsorum aliquot in gregibus. Quaedam copia senatorum oportuit ut negotia fieret quin senatus convenire posset; nobis posteritas numerum ipsum non conservat. Senatus in decurias, utraque a patricio ducta, divisus est, donec trecenti patricii in senatu permanerent; Re Publica occidente haec condicio dilapsa est. Senatores ab mercatura perficiendo interdicti sunt et siti modo negotia georgica fuerunt; quibus autem censores senatoresque alii frequenter conivebant. 

== Habitus ==
Ab initio Rei Publicae unus quisque senator gerere [[Anulus (ornamentum)|anulum]] [[Ferrum|ferreum]] adsolitus est; postmodo autem [[Bella Punica|Bellis Punicis]] consuetudo ita mutata est ut ipsi anulum [[Aurum|aureum]] gesserint. Tantum ad modum [[Tunica|tunicam]] albam purpuraque clavam utrobique lateribus gesserunt. Senator pedarius (ut dictum est, senator iunior qui numquam imperium tenuerat) [[Toga|togam]] virilem, puram ac sine clavo, gerere solitus est, donec idem qui magistratum curulem gereret [[Toga praetexta|togam praetextam]] supra demonstratam. Simili quoque modo cuncti senatores alutas rubras, quibus firmacula lunata magistratibus senioribus dignitatis [[Sella|curulis]] addita sunt, gesserunt. 

== Equites et Liberi Senatorum ==
Usque ad annum [[123 a.C.n.]] cuncti senatores munera militaria implentes simul [[Eques Romanus|equites]] fuerunt; quo anno [[Gaius Sempronius Gracchus]] senatum duos ordines secavit et Ordinem Equestrium fundavit. [[Commercium|Mercatura]] equitibus interdicta non erat, quod sinebat equites ordinem Romae divitissimum fieri. Incrementabiliter equites sic prodierunt ut institutiones civitatis dominati forent. Filii etiam senatorum in ordine equestrium conscripti sunt ac signa officiorum senatoria adsciverunt; pueri liberi iuvenes tunicas praetextas gerebant dum togam virilem quindecimum circa annum sumpserunt. 

== Exitium Senatus ==
[[Gaius Iulius Caesar]], cum [[dictator]] factus sit, numerum senatorum ad nongentos auxit, quibus ex adsumptis delegit cives [[Latini|Latinos]] [[Italicus|Italicos]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;que ac suos qui fidelitatem per [[bellum civile|bella civilia]] ei continuerint. Cum potestas Optimatum decreverit quem ad modum cupiebat Caesar, numquam aestimatio senatus tam minime emarcuit ut omnino disparuerit sua ab parte. Reliquia suae partis per [[imperium Romanum|imperium]] perstitit; potentiam autem priscam numquam resumpsit. Ultima consulta senatus posteritati perscripti, quae [[Occasus Imperii Romani|occasu imperii occidentalis]] superfuerunt, mandatum ad binos legatos ad curiam [[Imperium Romanum Orientale|imperialem Constantinopolitanam]] imperatoris [[Tiberius Constantinus|Tiberii Constantini]] annis [[578]] et [[580]] dimittendos. Alter senatus qui permulta saecula sic nomine ne etiamsi magnitudine remansit, [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopoli]] a [[Constantinus I|Constantino Magno]] constitutus.

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*	Marianne Bonnefond-Coudry, ''Le Sénat de la République de la guerre d'Hannibal à Auguste : pratiques délibératives et prise de décision'', Romae, 1989 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1992_num_61_1_1155_t1_0585_0000_2 Recensio critica]
*Michel Christol, ''Essai sur l'évolution des carrières sénatoriales dans la seconde moitié du IIIe siècle ap. J.-C'', Lutetiae, 1986 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1989_num_58_1_2274_t1_0484_0000_2 Recensio critica]
*George Graham Mason, &quot;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3297956 Senacula and Meeting Places of the Roman Senate]&quot;, ''The Classical Journal'', 1987: 39-50
*Richard J. A. Talbert, ''The Senate of Imperial Rome'', Princeton, 1984 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1987_num_56_1_2222_t1_0474_0000_3 Recensio critica] [https://books.google.fr/books?id=iNxSEAAAQBAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum]

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20200927004308/http://perseus.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.10:1:431.harpers De senatu Romano] in ''Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities'' (1898)

{{Roma antiqua}}

[[Categoria:Roma antiqua]]

{{Myrias|Societas}}</text>
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      <text bytes="27985" sha1="gl3vmols327i4k628y0q9ah40jhxzce" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa civitatis Vicidata}}
[[Fasciculus:Quaternion Eagle by Jost de Negker.jpg|thumb|&quot;Imperium Sacrum cum omnibus membris&quot;.]]
'''Sacrum Romanum Imperium'''&lt;ref name=BP&gt;[http://books.google.com/books?id=3BAEAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA82&amp;lpg=PA82&amp;dq=%22sacrum+Romanum+imperium%22+quod&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=IwMBF9jvk0&amp;sig=_lpy78OyFgrbT1N12kYKEMzFvMc&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=h-VFTdSLJsbxsgbRl8jCDg&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=7&amp;sqi=2&amp;ved=0CDUQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&amp;q=%22sacrum%20Romanum%20imperium%22%20quod&amp;f=false Herby rycerstwa polskiego By Bartosz Paprocki] {{ling|Latine|Polonice}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110605024050/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=115214 'Rymer's Foedera with Syllabus: July-September 1416]; [http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/institutions_connected/latinitas/documents/rc_latinitas_20060609_europa_lt.html LATINITAS Vaticana]&lt;/ref&gt; vel '''Sacrum Imperium Romanum'''&lt;ref name=BP/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.pax-westphalica.de/ipmipo/index.html Latine: → ''Downloads'' → ''IPO: Lateinischer Originaltext nach APW III B 1/1 (1998)'']; [http://books.google.com/books?id=QroMAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA765&amp;lpg=PA765&amp;dq=%22sacrum+imperium+Romanum%22+quod&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=CxzdRA1PRY&amp;sig=ruTTitmqtUDFnm5gymnFRnQoy_I&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=V-1FTYT3LIaTswbMnYCdDg&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=3&amp;sqi=2&amp;ved=0CCQQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&amp;q=%22sacrum%20imperium%20Romanum%22%20quod&amp;f=false British and foreign state papers, Volume 2 By Great Britain. Foreign Office] {{ling|Latine}}; [http://books.google.com/books?id=ulBbAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=RA2-PR61&amp;lpg=RA2-PR61&amp;dq=%22sacrum+imperium+Romanum%22+quod&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=tfTMpOfm49&amp;sig=DqghMajoMXve7rwQPKD_ZL0beLE&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=oO9FTd-uCoKTswaa_JnKDg&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=3&amp;ved=0CB0Q6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&amp;q=%22sacrum%20imperium%20Romanum%22%20quod&amp;f=false Histoire ecclésiastique et civile du duché de Luxembourg et comté ..., Volume 7 By P. A. Kilian]; [http://books.google.com/books?id=U3j9SsgQwG4C&amp;pg=PA191&amp;lpg=PA191&amp;dq=%22sacrum+imperium+Romanum%22+quod&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=PfRRTUF6Ii&amp;sig=yFpX_A56HzzIzSOOVNV8PF2v4eE&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=oO9FTd-uCoKTswaa_JnKDg&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=8&amp;ved=0CEEQ6AEwBzgK#v=onepage&amp;q=%22sacrum%20imperium%20Romanum%22%20quod&amp;f=false Die nichtarchivischen Handschriften der Signaturengruppe . . . , Issues 191-992 By Eef Overgaauw].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Nonnumquam &quot;Sacrum Imperium Romanum Nationis Germanicae&quot; (e.g. [http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&amp;q=cache:FCo36O0MIVsJ:sitemaker.umich.edu/mladjov/files/holy_roman_empire.pdf+Sacrum+Imperium+Romanum+Nationis+Germanicae&amp;hl=en&amp;pid=bl&amp;srcid=ADGEESg6m10IVMaiWAi-i5alhSp6IcN9sHAk4eas-ervmtbO_Ouk5h5yQXfQvZL6RZWmEzI2KRA7YosWmbvf2uj6quYKFvGTjShTk2cQuAuWBM6Q-X8mK25okxcDDUwRGzMKoSXFsrjt&amp;sig=AHIEtbTG8rMcJb2Wlo8vzjeKGUO0qCTUyg HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE (SACRUM ROMANUM IMPERIUM, HEILIGES RÖMISCHES REICH)]) seu &quot;Nationis Teutonicae&quot; (e.g. [http://books.google.com/books?id=bcmuA69pHM0C&amp;pg=PA16&amp;lpg=PA16&amp;dq=%22Romanum+imperium+nationis+Teutonicae%22&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=b0kw6LkexL&amp;sig=ZluKRyoB_-1bzdTToqxELklDaPw&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=HOxFTci0Fo3Dswak-8HODg&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=1&amp;sqi=2&amp;ved=0CBUQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;q=%22Romanum%20imperium%20nationis%20Teutonicae%22&amp;f=false Empire and order: the concept of empire, 800-1800 By James Muldoon]), etiam &quot;imperium Romanum nationis Teutonicae&quot; ([http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:oHlyvAYHxR8J:fr000279.host.inode.at/Buecher-Zivilrecht.xls+nationis+Teutonicae&amp;cd=100&amp;hl=en&amp;ct=clnk&amp;client=firefox-a&amp;source=www.google.com Tractatus Ad Jus Publicum Sacri Romani Imperii: [Beigef. Werk (ohne Titelblatt):] Tractatus II. De Antiqua Et Moderna Forma Regendi Romanum Jmperium Teutonicae Nationis Et Mediis Jdipsum In Meliorem Statum Colocandi / [Johann Georg Kieffer]).&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Heiliges Römisches Reich'') fuit [[terra|terrestris]] multarum [[ethnos|populorum]] compositio in [[Europa]] [[Europa Occidentalis|Occidentali]], [[Europa Media|Media]], et [[Europa Meridiana|Meridiana]] quae [[Medium Aevum|Mediis Aevis]] ineuntibus fiebat et usque ad [[dissolutio Sacri Romani Imperii|dissolutionem]] anno [[1806]] continuavit, [[bella Napoleonica|bellis Napoleonicis]] saevientibus.&lt;ref&gt;''Encyclopaedia Britannica.''&lt;/ref&gt; Quod [[imperium]] anno [[962]], [[Otto I|Ottone I]] regente, ex [[regnum Francorum|imperio Francorum]] exortum erat.

Formula ''[[Imperium Romanum]]'' iam titulis propria erat [[Carolus Magnus|Caroli Magni]] [[imperator]]is, tum memoria [[Fridericus I (SRI)|Friderici I]] appendix ''Sacrum'' apparuit. In documentis [[Lingua Germanica moderna (theotisca)|lingua Theotisca]] primo exsistebat formula ''Heiliges Römisches Reich'' [[Carolus IV|Carolo IV]] imperante ([[1254]]). Ex anno [[1438]], appendix ''Nationis Germanicae'' ([[Theodisce]] ''deutscher Nation'') inveniri potest, anno [[1486]] hoc titulo primo in lege utebantur. Ex anno [[1512]] ordinaria erat formula ''Sacrum Imperium Romanum Nationis Germanicae'' aut ''Imperium Romanum Sacrum Nationis Germanicae''. Corona dedicata a [[Franciscus II|Francisco II]] die [[6 Augusti]] [[1806]] anno imperium exstinguebatur. 

Titulus exprimit postulationem et esse sucessorem [[imperium Romanum|imperii Romani]] pariterque imperatorem mundi et hoc ad sacra augetur, in quibus dominatio erat condita.

== Historia ==
[[Fasciculus:Roman Empire map.svg|thumb|upright=1|left|Imperium Romanum Classicum.]]
Incipit historia Sacri Romani Imperii cum obitu [[Imperium Romanum|imperii Romani classici]]. [[Traianus|Traiano]] imperatore, id est [[Saeculum 2|saeculo secundo]], hoc imperium comprehendit totum mare [[Mare Mediterraneum|mediterraneum]], cum parte maiore [[Europa Occidentalis|Europae Occidentalis]]. Sed saeculo proximo accidit magnum discrimen, quod [[discrimen tertii saeculi]] dicitur. Propter discrimina tam politica quam bellica ac quoque oeconomica, inter annos [[235|ducentos triginta quinque]] et [[284|ducentos octoginta quattuor]] imperium Romanum commotum est magno bello civili. His temporibus imperium saepe est in multis partibus divisum.

[[Fasciculus:Theodosius I's empire.png|thumb|Divisio Imperii post [[Theodosius|Theodosium]], anno [[395]].]]

Demum anno ducentis octoginta quattuor, sumptus est [[Diocletianus]] ut Romanorum imperator, qui totum imperium conciliare potuit. Ad pacem agendam, creat [[Tetrarchia|novum gubernium]] quo duo imperatores aequales, dicti Augusti, regunt imperium cuncti, uno regente in [[Imperium Romanum Occidentale|parte occidentale]] et alio regente in [[Imperium Romanum Orientale|parte orientale]]. Sub his Augustis sunt duo imperatores minores, dicti Caesares. Hi debent sumere nomen Augusti cum illi anteriores imperium cedant. Sed hoc systema mox incipit novum discrimen, et demum imperium est denuo ab uno imperatore solo rectum, nomine [[Constantinus I|Constantini]]. Post Constantinum incipit novum aevum stabilitatis. Ad pacem agendam, Constantinus statuit novam religionem publicam quae imperium debet coire, nomine [[Religio Christiana|Christianismi]]. Post mortem imperatori [[Theodosius I|Theodosii]], anno tricentis nonaginta quinque, imperium est denuo et finaliter in duabus partibus divisum, sed utrique imperatores se vident ut aequales et imperium in theoria est semper unum.

=== Invasio barbarorum et finis imperii occidentalis ===
[[Fasciculus:Invasions of the Roman Empire Dutch.svg|thumb|Invasio barbarorum]]
Sub regno [[Honorius (imperator)|Honorii]], filii Theodosii, qui partem occidentalem rexit, barbari nomine [[Visigothi|Visigothorum]] vastant urbem [[Roma|Romam]], anno [[410|quadringentis decem]], pro prima occasione ab anno [[390 a.C.n.|tricentis nonaginta ante Christum natum]], vel prima occasione ab octingentis annis. Post hoc, Visigothi procedunt in provinciam Romanam [[Hispania Romana|Hispaniae]] ubi regnum ipsorum statuunt. Deinde multi alii populi barbari, debilitatem Romanorum Occidentalium videntes, vastant invicem imperium Occidentis. [[Africa (provincia Romana)|Africa Romana]] ad [[Vandali|Vandalos]] it, [[Gallia]] ad [[Franci|Francos]], et demum [[Italia]] ad [[Ostrogothi|Ostrogothos]]. Anno [[476]] sola pars orientalis manet imperii Romani.

=== Reconquista Iustiniani ===
[[Fasciculus:The Byzantine State under Justinian I-pt.svg|thumb|left|Reconquista Iustiniani.]]
Imperator [[Iustinianus I|Iustinianus Magnus]], qui fortasse ultimus imperatorum Orientis est qui Latinam loquitur ut linguam maternam,&lt;ref&gt;''The Inheritance of Rome'', Chris Wickham, Penguin Books Ltd. 2009, ISBN 978-0-670-02098-0 (page 90). Iustinianus loquitur de Lingua Latina ut lingua sua materna in multis suis legibus. Vide etiam Moorhead (1994), p. 18.&lt;/ref&gt; incipit anno [[527]] regnum suum. Circa annum [[530]] incipit in Regno Vandalorum bellum civile inter regem [[Hildericus|Hildericum]] et consobrinum eius [[Gelimer]], quo hic ultimus ab illo regnum rapit. Haec res valde Iustinianum irritat, qui mox mittit [[Magister militum|magistrum militum]] suum, nomine [[Flavius Belisarius|Flavii Belisarii]], in Africam ad has terras recuperandas pro [[Romania (discretiva)|Romania]].  

Belisarius citius retrahit Africam pro Romanis, quia Vandali, res novas timentes ab Africanis Romanis, moenia deleverant plerorumque vicorum urbiumque eorum ut difficile insurrecti potuissent vicos tenere.&lt;ref&gt;Prokopios, ''The Wars of Justinian'', Hacket Publishing Company Inc. 2014. Book Three&lt;/ref&gt; Iustinianus est valde ab hac victoria citatus, et postquam misit copias suas in Hispaniam et Italiam. Partem minorem in Hispania meridionale retrahunt a barbaris. Belisarius deinde ac successores sui, post multos annos belli, et cum multis mortuis tam apud copias quam apud cives, retrahunt Italiam totam pro Romania.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;Prokopios, ''The Wars of Justinian'', Hacket Publishing Company Inc. 2014. Books Five to Eight&lt;/ref&gt; Nihilominus, post mortem Iustiniani, adveniunt novi barbari in Italiam, nomine [[Langobardi|Langobardorum]]. Bella inter Romanos et Langobardos procedunt in Italia per multa saecula, sed post invasionem [[Arabes|Arabum]] plerarumque partium imperii, Romani valde sunt remolliti et Langobardi quasi totam Italiam capiunt.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Peter H. Wilson, ''The Holy Roman Empire'', pp. 21-24&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Renovatio imperii occidentalis ===
[[Fasciculus:Franks expansion.gif|thumb|[[Regnum Francorum]].]]
In occidente [[memoria]] imperii classici supervixerat ab obitu imperii.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Francis Rapp, ''Le Saint Empire romain germanique d'Otton le Grand à Charles Qunit'' (Tallendier, 2000), 24-32.&lt;/ref&gt; Iam circa tempus Iustiniani, [[Anicius Manlius Torquatus Severinus Boethius|Boëthius]], qui senator urbis Romae erat clarissimus, a rege Ostrogotho [[Theodericus (rex Ostrogothorum)|Theodorico]] est necatus propter suspicionem eum cum imperatore Orientis insidiari (etiamsi ipse libro suo ''De Consolatione Philosophiae'' hoc negat).&lt;ref&gt;Boethius, ''The Consolation of Philosophy'', Penguin Classics 1999. cf Introduction Victoris Watts, pp. xviii-xxii.&lt;/ref&gt; Post reconquistam Iustiniani et bella insequentia, donec Langobardi lente tollent Italiam ab imperio, [[Papa|papae Romani]] semper magis auctoritatis politici acquirent propter debilitatem semper fortiorem imperii Orientis. Nihilominus, defensionem cupiebant semper papae ab imperatoribus; sed cum [[Schisma|schismatibus]] semper maioribus inter [[Orthodoxia|ecclesias orientis]] et [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|occidentis]], et post victoriam Langobardorum, anno [[751]], in urbe [[Ravenna]], quae imperii orientalis erat caput in Italia, papae incipiunt ad Francos spectare pro adiumento. Mox papae adiuvant [[Pippinus III (maior domus)|Pippinum]] ad ultimum regem [[Merovingii|Merovingium]] deiciendum et thronum invicem sumere. Hic novus rex Francorum, qui antequam erat [[maior domus]] regis, throno sumpto adiuvat papam, anno [[754]], in bello contra Langobardos facto. Post aliquos annos papa et Romani urbis pacem habent.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Filius Pippini, nomine [[Carolus Magnus|Caroli]], tam magnum imperium habebat in Europa occidentali, ut iam diceretur &quot;imperatori similis.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Mox papa [[Hadrianus I]] quaerit denuo a Francis adiumentum, anno [[773]], quia denuo Langobardi Romanos urbis perdolent.&lt;ref&gt;Peter H. Wilson, ''The Holy Roman Empire,'' 25.&lt;/ref&gt; Paucis annis post successor Hadriani, nomine [[Leo III|Leonis III]], insurrectione a Romanis patitur et adiumentum quaerit a Karolo. Hac occasione papa vult agnoscere officium regum Francorum ut defensores ecclesiae et populi Romani. Secundum papam imperium orientis hoc tempore non habebat imperatorem legitimum, quia ultimus imperatorum masculorum depositus erat anno [[796]] a matre sua [[Irene Atheniensis|Irene]], et propter [[Sexismus|sexismum]] [[medium aevum|medii aevi]] papae potentiam muliebrem haud potebant sufferre.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Peter H. Wilson, ''The Holy Roman Empire'' p. 27&lt;/ref&gt; Papa Leo III inde vult implere thronum vacuum Romanorum cum Karolo, quem coronat cum nomine &quot;imperatoris Romanorum&quot; die [[Dies Christi Natalis|25 Decembris]], anno [[800]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Francis Rapp, ''Le Saint Empire romain germanique d'Otton le Grand à Charles Quint,'' 30.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Dynastia Carolingia ===
[[Fasciculus:Charlemagne denier Mayence 812 814.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Denarius [[Carolus Magnus|Karoli Magni]], quo regalia antiqua sumit.]]
Karolus vult cum imperatice Orientis Irene matrimonium agere ad imperia iungenda, sed hoc consilium aboritur.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;Réginald Grégoire, ''Theofano: Una Bizantina sul Trono del Sacro Romano Impero'', p. 45&lt;/ref&gt; Post hoc, Romanis orientalibus parcens, ad nobiles Francos pacandos, qui haud dilexerunt nomen Romanorum sumere, Karolus omittit partem &quot;Romanorum&quot; e titulo suo, appellaturus se solum &quot;Imperatorem Augustum.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Ita cum [[Einhardus]] scribat historiam Karoli, appellet illum: &quot;Karolus gratia dei rex Francorum et Langobardorum ac ''patricius Romanorum''&quot;, et non &quot;''imperator Romanorum''.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Einhardus, ''Vita Karoli Magni'' p. 1&lt;/ref&gt; Nihilominus Karolus utitur regalia Romana antiqua, et probabiliter in oculis plerisque populorum intellegebatur hic titulus intendere &quot;imperator Romanorum,&quot; quia in oculis Christanorum medii aevi solum unum imperium esse poterat.&lt;ref&gt;Peter H. Wilson, ''The Holy Roman Empire''  &quot;The Roman empire had to continue, since the appearance of a fifth monarchy would invalidate Daniel's prophecy and contradict God's plan&quot; p. 38&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Boethius, ''The Consolation of Philosophy,'' Penguin Classics 1999, cf Introduction Victoris Watts: &quot;This system was preserved by Theodoric, king of the Ostrogoths, when he succeeded Odoacer in 493. To the emperor Anastasius he wrote: 'Our royalty is an imitation of yours, a copy of the only Empire on earth'&quot; (p. xviii-xix).&lt;/ref&gt;

Post mortem Karoli, propter consuetudinem Francorum ac plerorumque barbarorum, imperium eius est divisum inter filios eius. Nihilominus, filius Karoli [[Ludovicus (imperator)|Ludovicus Pius]] potuit tenere titulum imperatoris. Sed successores Ludovici, qui et illi dividunt imperium in multas partes, primatus imperatoris non agnoscunt, et contra imperatorem [[Lotharius I (imperator)|Lotharium]] bellum agunt. Hic imperator perdidit bellum anno [[841]] in [[Certamen Fontanetonis|Certamine Fontanetonis]] ([[Lingua Francogallica|Francogallice]]: ''Fontenoy''). Imperium dehinc supervivit per aliquos annos, sed imperatores sui regunt paulo magis quam Italiam Septentrionalem. Anno [[899]] moritur ultimus imperator Carolingiorum. Post eum succedunt duos imperatores aliarum dynastiarum, sed post mortem [[Berengarius Foroiuliensis (imperator)|Berengarii]] anno [[924]] non succedit alius imperator, et nomen imperatoris debet exspectare triginta septem annos usque imperium denuo renovatum sit sub domu Ottoniana.&lt;ref&gt;Francis Rapp, ''Le Saint Empire romain germanique d'Otton le Grand à Charles Quint'', p. 41.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Dynastia Ottoniana ===
[[Fasciculus:Siegel Otto I 968.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Imperator [[Otto I (imperator)|Otto I Magnus]].]]
Anno [[959]], [[Berengarius II]] incipit imperium struere in Italia et urbem Romam vult capere. Papa [[Ioannes XII]] imitat antecessores suos, appellans quendam regem barbarum ad se adiuvandum. Rex [[Otto I (imperator)|Otto]], qui erat iam conatus Italiam capere duabus occasionibus inter annos [[951]] et [[952]], appellatus est. Is rex [[Regnum Francorum orientalium|Franciae orientalis]] fuit, quae pars erat orientalis veteris [[Regnum Francorum|regni Francorum]] sub Karolo Magno, vel praeterpropter [[Germania]] hodierna. Otto reppulit Berengarium, et secundo die Februarii, anno [[962]], factus est ab Ioanne novus imperator Romanorum.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;Peter H. Wilson, ''The Holy Roman Empire'', p. 49.&lt;/ref&gt; Apud aliquos historicos, Sacrum Romanum Imperium nunc verum incipit, sed alii, sicut [[Petrus H. Wilson]], dicunt hoc imperium esse solum successionem imperii quod renovaverat Karolus, et enim thronus imperii fuerat vacuus per solus triginta septem annos.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

Nihilominus, si imperatores dynastiae Carolingiae se ipsos appellabant solum &quot;imperator,&quot; appellatione &quot;Romanorum&quot; fugientes, Otto haud rubescit hoc nomine uti, et enim historicus suorum temporum, nomine [[Thietmarus Merseburgensis|Thietmari]], loquitur de eo ut &quot;Caesar imperii Romanorum.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Thietmarus, ''Chronicon'', liber III caput 20.&lt;/ref&gt; Ad titulum suum Romanum coram imperio Orientis iustificandum, Otto suo filio [[Otto II (imperator)|Ottoni II]] dat principissam [[Theophano (uxor Ottonis II)|Theophanonem]] in matrimonio, quae erat filia imperatoris Orientis [[Ioannes I Tzimisces|Ioannis I Tzimiscis]]. Filius Ottonis II et Theophanonis, [[Otto III (imperator)|Otto III]], educationem Romanissimam recepit.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;Réginald Grégoire, ''Theofano: Una Bizantina sul Trono del Sacro Romano Impero.''&lt;/ref&gt;

Haec educatio Romana minime est dilecta apud quosdam nobiles Germanicos.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Quidem multi apud eos putabant Romanos esse gentem inferiorem et mollem, et maximus morbus eorum erat ipsa educatio. Iam cum filia regis Osthrogothi Theodorici, nomine [[Amalasuntha]]e, quaesivisset filio suo educationem dare, nobiles Ostrogothi noluerunt. Secundum historicum [[Procopius Caesarensis|Procopium]], haec fuit ratio propter quam filius Amalasunthae praeferebat exire cum amicis et non res regni gerere, ac propter quam mortuus erit a morbo vinoso in aetate iuvene.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; Etiam in temporibus Ottonis, historicus [[Bruno Querfurtensis]] lamentat amorem ipsius Ottonis pro Romanis et Italicis, dicens quod Roma erat a Deo electa ut caput mundi non propter gentem suam, quam aestimabat gentem malam esse, sed propter [[Apostolus|Apostolos]] ibi mortuos.&lt;ref&gt;Réginald Grégoire, ''Theofano: Una Bizantina sul Trono del Sacro Romano Impero'' pp. 26-27.&lt;/ref&gt; Haec contentio inter naturam Romanam et naturam barbaram huius imperii Romani mox &quot;sacrum&quot; dicti numquam cadet usque ad finem imperii.

Alia et fortasse maior contentio erit illa inter Sacrum Romanum Imperium et Sacram Romanam Ecclesiam. Iam Karolus Magnus lamentaverat magnam partem papae in coronatione sua, quia non volebat potentiam suam a papa dependere.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Sub regno Ottonis I, haec contentio in bellum erumpit, primum enim apud multissima quae inter Imperium et Ecclesiam medio aevo spargentur. Hoc bellum incipit cum elevatione Episcopatus Magdeburgi in Archiepiscopatum, quam egit Otto sine papae approbatione. Ioannes XII inde conspirat cum Berengario II ac [[Hungari|Hungaris]] contra Ottonem. Otto dehinc furiatus est et bellum egit contra papam. Ioannes XII e Roma fugit et Otto synodum convocavit ad novum papam eligendum. Dehinc electus est [[Leo VIII]] qui, post alia proelia, papa unicus et legitimus erit.&lt;ref&gt;Peter H. Wilson, ''The Holy Roman Empire'', pp. 49-51.&lt;/ref&gt; Sed non omnia bella inter Imperium et Ecclesiam finient cum victoria imperii, et enim haec bella Italiam per totum medium aevum devastabunt.

== Forma imperii ==
[[Fasciculus:HRR.gif|thumb|Progressus territorii imperii per annos.]]
Imperium Romanum Sacrum fuit successor [[imperium Francorum|imperii Francorum]], quod [[Regnum Teutonicum]] (vel Regnum Teutonicorum) appellatum est. Quod autem constructio [[civilitas|civilis]] fuit, quae numquam [[civitas]] [[natio]]nis facta est, sicut [[Francia]] et [[Anglia]], et numquam illam ducere voluit propter regressum [[cogitatio]]num [[historia|historicarum]]. Usque ad [[pax Westphalica|pacem Westphalicam]], universum includebat spatium [[lingua Theodisca|linguae Theodiscae]], ac reges imperatoresque fuerunt genere [[Germani|Germano]]; sed consistebat principatibus, quorum principes imperator imperii caput accipebant. 

Imperium expansione maxima habuit maximam partam hodiernae [[Germania]]e, [[Austria]]e, [[Slovenia]]e, [[Helvetia]]e, [[Lichtenstenum|Lichtensteni]], [[Belgia]]e, [[Batavia]]e, [[Luxemburgia]]e, [[Bohemia]]e, cum [[Europa]]ea [[Francia]]e, septentrionali [[Italia]]e, occidentali [[Polonia]]e parte. Quam ob rem in imperio non modo [[lingua Theodisca]] (vel cuius [[sermo]]nes), sed etiam multae [[linguae Slavicae]] et [[linguae Romanae|Romanae]], e quibus hodierna [[lingua Francogallica|Francogallica]] et [[lingua Italiana|Italiana]] facta sunt, in usu erant. [[Lingua Latina]] viris doctis et [[Christianitas|ecclesiae Christianae]] mansit.

== Textus institutaque ==
Erant instituta media, sicut [[Dieta Imperii (Sacrum Romanum Imperium)|Diaeta Imperii]] (''Reichstag''), Iudicium Imperii (''Reichskammergericht''), Concilium Aulae Imperii (''Reichshofrat''), et in bello collocatus Exercitus Imperialis (''Reichsarmee''), sed nulla administratio imperialis et nullum caput ordinarium. Propter servandam pacem in terra (''Landfrieden'') et rationes militares imperium divisum est in [[Circulus (iurisdictio)|circulos]] Imperii (''Reichskreise''). 

Ab anno [[1653]] [[Ratisbona]] sedes Dietae Imperii semper fuit.

Temptatur condere administrationem (''Reichsregiment'') anno [[1502]], iterumque [[1520]] usque ad [[1522]], sed deerat iterum atque iterum rationibus oeconomicis. Imprimis [[Pax Westphalica|pace facta Westphalensi]] [[1648]] imperium solum non fortiter continens societas erat regionum cum aequali iudicio; ut [[Samuel Pufendorf]] in ''De statu imperii germanici ad Laelium fratrem, dominum Trezolani, liber unus'' (editus alieno nomine &quot;[[Severinus de Mozambano|Severini de Monzambano]] Veronensis&quot; [[Genava (urbs)|Genavae]] et [[Haga]]e) anno [[1667]] scripsit: &quot;Nihil ergo aliud restat, quam ut dicamus Germaniam esse irregulare aliquod corpus et monstro simile.&quot; [[Voltarius]] autem derisit: &quot;nec sacrum, nec Romanum, nec imperium.&quot; Collaboratio propinquior ''pluralismo'' principium et postremo ''dualismo'' [[Prussia]]e et [[Austria]]e deerat.

== Origo nominis ==
[[Fasciculus:Germania1648.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Imperium anno [[1648]] post [[Pax Westphalica|pacem Vestfaliae]].]]
[[Carolus Magnus]], cum imperator a [[Leo III|Leone III Papa]] anno [[800]] coronatus esset, successionem antiqui [[imperium Romanum|imperii Romani]], quae ''[[Translatio Imperii]]'' appellabatur, postulavit, quamquam historice aspiciens imperium [[Byzantium|Byzantii]] antiquo ex imperio Romano factum sit. Secundum Byzantinos novum ''Imperium Romanum'' ipso nominatum et nothum erat. 

Cupido Caroli, ut imperium suum in Byzantium et Mauros contenderet, sua memoria exstitit. Eo mortuo autem differitas facta est inter morem Germanicum, dividendi imperii inter filios, et ecclesiam, cuius retulit unitas imperii propter rationes potestatis. Tandem mos contendit et imperium Francorum divisum est in imperium occasus, in terra hodiernae Franciae, et imperium ortus, in occidentali parte hodiernae [[Germania]]e. 

Dignitas imperialis in imperio orientali remansit, cum [[Otto I Magnus]] anno 962 propter expugnationes Italianas Romae imperatorem se coronare iussit. Sed imperium non iam ''sacrum'' erat. Necesse non erat imperatore papae potestate praestante. Imperator proporro species Dei in terra putabatur. Necessitas ergo id demonstrare non erat. Imperium ''erat'' sacrum. 

Tam cum numen a imperatore in papam transisset propter certamen utriusque ([[1075]]-[[1122]]), imperator conatus est sibi ipsi hanc postulationem verbatim poscere. Sic [[Fridericus I Barbarossa]] imperio dedit titulum ''sacrum imperium''.

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index imperatorum Sacri Romani Imperii]]
* [[Leges imperii (Imperium Romanum Sacrum)]]
* [[Princeps Elector Imperii]]

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

==Bibliographia==
*Angermeier, Heinz. [[1991]]. ''Das Alte Reich in der deutschen Geschichte.'' Studien über Kontinuitäten und Zäsuren, Monaci.
*Duffy, Eamon. [[1997]]. ''Saints &amp; Sinners: A History of the Popes.'' Portu Novo: Yale University Press.
*Lauryssens, Stan. [[1999]]. ''The Man Who Invented the Third Reich: The Life and Times of Arthur Moeller van den Bruck.'' Stroud: Sutton. ISBN 978-0-7509-1866-4.
*Karl Otmar Freiherr von Aretin. [[1993]]–[[2000]]. ''Das Alte Reich 1648–1806.'' 4 vol. Stutgardiae.
*Hartmann, Peter Claus. [[2001]]. ''Kulturgeschichte des Heiligen Römischen Reiches 1648 bis 1806.'' Vindobonae.
*Wilson, Peter H. [[2016]]. ''Heart of Europe: A History of the Holy Roman Empire.'' Belknap Press. ISBN 978-0674058095.
*Wolfram, Herwig. [[2006]]. ''Conrad II, 990–1039: Emperor of Three Kingdoms.'' The Pennsylvania State University Press. ISBN 0-271-02738-X.

===Bibliographia addita===
*Arnold, Benjamin. [[1991]]. ''Princes and Territories in Medieval Germany.'' Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press.
*Bryce, James. [[1864]]. ''The Holy Roman Empire.'' Londinii: Macmillan.
*Coy, Jason Philip, et al. [[2010]]. ''The Holy Roman Empire, Reconsidered.'' Berghahn Books.
*Donaldson, George. [[1985]]. ''Germany: A Complete History.'' Novi Eboraci: Gotham Books
*Evans, R. J. W., et Peter H. Wilson, eds. [[2011]]. ''The Holy Roman Empire 1495–1806.''
*Hahn, Hans Joachim. [[1995]]. ''German thought and culture: From the Holy Roman Empire to the present day.'' Mancuniae: Manchester University Press.
*Heer, Friedrich. [[2002]]. ''Holy Roman Empire.''
*Hoyt, Robert S., et Stanley Chodorow. [[1976]]. ''Europe in the Middle Ages.'' Novi Eboraci: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
*Renna, Thomas. [[2015]]. &quot;The Holy Roman Empire was Neither Holy, Nor Roman, Nor an Empire1.&quot; ''Michigan Academician'' 42 (1): 60–75. doi:10.7245/0026-2005-42.1.60. ISSN 0026-2005.
*Schmidt, Georg. [[1999]]. ''Geschichte des Alten Reiches.'' Monaci.
*Scribner, Bob. [[1995]]. ''Germany: A New Social and Economic History, Vol. 1: 1450–1630.''
*Treasure, Geoffrey. [[2003]]. ''The Making of Modern Europe, 1648–1780.'' Ed. tertia.
*Voltaire; Balechou, Jean-Joseph. [[1756]]. ''Essay sur l'histoire générale, et sur les moeurs et l'esprit des nations, depuis Charlemagne jusqu'à nos jours.'' Cramer.
*Whaley, Joachim. [[2012]]. ''Germany and the Holy Roman Empire. Volume I: Maximilian I to the Peace of Westphalia, 1493–1648.'' Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-873101-6.
*Whaley, Joachim. [[2012]]. ''Germany and the Holy Roman Empire. Volume II: The Peace of Westphalia to the Dissolution of the Reich, 1648–1806.'' Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-969307-8.
*Wilson, Peter H. [[2011]]. ''The Holy Roman Empire 1495–1806.''
*Zophy, Jonathan W., ed. [[1980]]. ''The Holy Roman Empire: A Dictionary Handbook.'' Greenwood Press.

== Nexus externi ==
{{Fontes geographici}}
{{CommuniaCat|Holy Roman Empire|Sacrum Romanum Imperium}}
{{victionarium}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110605024015/http://diglib.hab.de/wdb.php?dir=drucke/xb-1044&amp;lang=en&amp;end=519&amp;imgtyp=2&amp;pointer=43&amp;PHPSESSID=veevh32uglklkbmtg0bcrkqgu7 Imperium Romano-Germanicum, Sive Quinquaginta Imperatorum Ac Germaniae Regum Elogia / Nicolaus Avancinus. Vindobonae Austriae: Cosmerovius, 1663]

{{1000 paginae}}
{{Myrias|Historia}}

[[Categoria:Historia Austriae]]
[[Categoria:Historia Germaniae]]
[[Categoria:Medium aevum]]
[[Categoria:Sacrum Romanum Imperium| ]]

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'''Regio Insubrica''' est geographica regio [[Helvetia]]e meridianae et [[Italia]]e septentrionalis. [[Euroregio]] sub hoc nomine Latino anno [[1995]] constituta [[Ticinum (pagus)|Ticinum]] [[Helvetia|pagum Helveticum]] cum [[Italia|Italicis]] provinciis finitimis comprehendit, videlicet [[Provincia Verbanensis|Verbanensi]] in [[Pedemontium|Pedemontio]], [[Provincia Varisiensis|Varisiensi]] et [[Novum Comum (provincia)|Novocomensi]] in [[Langobardia]]. Anno [[2007]] provinciae [[Provincia Leucensis|Leucensis]] et [[Provincia Novariensis|Novariensis]] additae sunt. '''Insubria''' autem, nomen aevo nostro [[Italiane]] usitatum, apud nonnullos [[Metropolis Mediolanensis|metropolem Mediolanensem]] terrasque Langobardicas quae olim ad [[ducatus Mediolanensis|ducatum Mediolanensem]] pertinuerunt comprehendere solet.

Nomen ex appellatione [[Insubres|Insubrium]] derivatur, gentis [[Galli|Gallorum]] qui in [[Gallia Transpadana]] ad orientalem [[Ticinus|Ticini]] fluminis ripam incolebant, urbe capitali [[Mediolanum|Mediolano]]. Gentile nomen Latinum &quot;Insuber&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Eques Insuber&quot;: [[Titus Livius|Livius]], ''Ab Urbe condita'' 22.6.3&lt;/ref&gt; recentius verbum adiectivum &quot;Insubricus -a -um&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Cf. nomen zoologicum ''[[Acrotylus insubricus]]'' (Scopoli, 1786)&lt;/ref&gt; leguntur.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
* &quot;[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0064%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DG%3Aentry+group%3D1%3Aentry%3Dgallia-cisalpina-geo Gallia Cisalpina]&quot; in {{Smith-geo}}

{{NexInt}}
* [[Lingua Insubris]]

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180817060014/https://www.regioinsubrica.org/ Comunità di lavoro Regio Insubrica]
* [http://www.uninsubria.it/ Università dell'Insubria]
* [http://www.terrainsubre.org/ Associazione culturale Terra Insubre]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090221162633/http://www.domanunch.org/ Domà Nunch - Moviment Econazional per l'Insubria]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100513142330/http://lakesandalps.com/ Sito per la promozione turistica integrata della Regione dei Laghi Prealpini]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100622070828/http://www.infoinsubria.com/ ''Infoinsubria'']
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120620170735/http://www.ininsubria.it/ &quot;InInsubria.it&quot;]

[[Categoria:Regio Insubrica|!]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1995]]
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    <title>Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus</title>
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{{videdis|Pompeius (nomen)}}
[[Fasciculus:Hw-pompey.jpg|thumb|Effigies Pompeii [[Holmia]]e ostentata.]]

'''Gnaeus Pompeius''' appellatus '''Magnus''' (natus 29 septembris [[106 a.C.n.]] eodem anno quo Cicero, mortuus 28 septembris [[48 a.C.n.]]) fuit ductor exercitus [[Roma Antiqua|Romanus antiquus]], ter [[consul]] et ter [[Triumphus|triumphator]]. In discordiis civilibus pro [[Sylla]] et adversus [[Quintus Sertorius|Sertorium]] pugnavit antequam rivalis exercitui [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Gai Iulii Caesaris]] ipse succumberet.

== De familiaribus necessitudinibus ==
Gnaeus Pompeius e nobili familia [[Picenum|Picena]] ortus erat, filius consulis anni [[89 a.C.n.]], [[Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo|Gnaei Pompei Strabonis]], viri Romanis ob avaritiam et latrocinia [[Bellum sociale|Bello Sociali]] commissa invisi&lt;ref&gt;[[Velleius Paterculus]] II.21.4. [[Iulius Obsequens]] 56. [[Plutarchus]], ''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 1.&lt;/ref&gt;. Post eius mortem (87 a.C.n.) furti accusatus Pompeius coram iudicibus se purgare debuit.

Quinque uxores habuit Pompeius Magnus. Primo Antistiam, filiam [[praetor|praetoris]] qui iudicio de bonis Pompei praeerat, circa [[86 a.C.n.|86]] uxorem duxit&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 4.4-6.&lt;/ref&gt;. Post paucos annos eam repudiavit cogente [[Dictatura|dictatore]] [[Lucius Cornelius Sulla|Sylla]], qui ut Pompeium artius sibi constringeret [[Privigna|privignam]] suam Aemiliam, filiam uxoris [[Caecilia Metella Dalmatica|Metellae]] et [[Marcus Aemilius Scaurus (senior)|Aemilii Scauri]] prioris mariti eius consulis anni [[115 a.C.n.]], apud eum collocare voluit quamvis praegnantem e marito Manio Acilio Glabrione. Quae post paucos menses in [[puerperium|puerperio]] obiit&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 9.1-4.&lt;/ref&gt;.

Deinde Muciam Tertiam uxorem habuit, filiam [[Quintus Mucius Scaevola (consul 95 a.C.n.)|Quinti Mucii Scaevolae]], quae ei tres liberos peperit: Gnaeum, [[Sextus Pompeius|Sextum]] Pompeiamque quae [[Faustus Cornelius Sulla (mortuus 46 a.C.n.)|Fausto Syllae]], [[Dictatura|dictatoris]] filio nupsit. At cum diu in Asia bellaret Muciam solam Romae relictam palam seduxit Gaius Iulius Caesar. Quocirca cum illa quoque divortium fecit redux Pompeius&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 42.12-13. [[Suetonius]], ''Divus Iulius'' 10.1. [[Cicero]], ''[[Epistulae ad Atticum|Ad Atticum]]'' I.12.3&lt;/ref&gt;.

Quartam  velut [[triumviratus|primi triumviratus]] pignus habuit [[Iulia (uxor Pompeii Magni)|Iuliam]], filiam Gai Iulii Caesaris antea Servilio Caepioni sponsam&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 47.10. ''[[Ad Atticum]]'' II.17.1&lt;/ref&gt; , quae maritum multum adamasse dicitur&lt;ref&gt;Ibidem 48.8 et 49.4 et 53.1-4. [[Valerius Maximus]] IV.6.4. [[Cassius Dio|Dio Cassius]] XXXIX.32.2.&lt;/ref&gt;. At et illa in puerperio periit nec infans superfuit (mense septembri [[54 a.C.n.]]). Eius funus fuit triumviratus funus et societatis inter Pompeium et Caesarem interitus.

Postremam duxit Corneliam Metellam, viduam [[Publius Licinius Crassus|Publii Licinii Crassi]]&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 74.6.&lt;/ref&gt; eandemque filiam [[Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio Nasica|Quinti Metelli Scipionis]]&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 55 qui hanc feminam litteratam laudabat.&lt;/ref&gt;, quem anno [[52 a.C.n.|52]] collegam in consulatu sibi ipse elegit et qui generum in bello civili comitabatur atque Pompeio mortuo reliquas copias in Africa collegit ubi ad [[Pugna ad Thapsum|Thapsum]] a Caesare victus est&lt;ref&gt;Shelley P. Haley, &quot;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/642299 The Five Wives of Pompey the Great]&quot;, ''Greece &amp; Rome'', 1985: 49-59 &lt;/ref&gt;.

== De triumphis ==
Ter [[triumphus|triumphavit]] Pompeius. Triumphus primus &quot;ex Africa&quot; die [[12 Martii]] [[79 a.C.n.]] celebratus est: revera non Afros vicit sed [[Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus (Cinnae gener)|Gnaeum Domitium Ahenobarbum]], [[Lucius Cornelius Cinna|Cinnae]] generum, aliosque [[Gaius Marius|Marianarum]] partium profugos qui in hanc provinciam salutem quaerebant&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 10-12&lt;/ref&gt;. Redux statim triumphare voluit sed [[Dictatura|dictator]] [[Lucius Cornelius Sulla|Sylla]] diu recusavit praecipue quia nec consul nec praetor exercitum duxerat&lt;ref&gt;Magistratum cum imperio non gerebat. Cf Titus Livius XXXI.20:  ''exemplum a maioribus non accepisse ut qui neque dictator neque consul neque praetor res gessisset triumpharet''. Cf Cicero, ''[[De imperio Cn. Pompei|de Imperio Cn. Pompei]]'' 61: ''Quid vero tam inauditum quam equitem Romanum triumphare?''.&lt;/ref&gt;, antequam manus postremo daret&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 14&lt;/ref&gt;. Tum Pompeius [[Quadrigae|quadrigis]] elephantorum Urbem intrare voluit sed quia porta angustior erat equis albis contentus fuit&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 14.6. {{Pnh}} VIII.4.&lt;/ref&gt;. Et milites obstrepentes quia non satis praemiorum acceperant repulisse narratur dicens triumpho se renuntiare malle quam eos adulari&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 14.7.&lt;/ref&gt;. Ita non erubuit de Romanis triumphare.

Triumphus alter &quot;ex Hispania&quot; pridie [[Kalendae|Kalendas]] Ianuarias [[71 a.C.n.]] celebratus est et postero die Kalendis Ianuariis [[70 a.C.n.]] primum consulatum Pompeius inibat&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 22.&lt;/ref&gt;. Iterum [[Bellum Sertorianum|de Romanis triumphabat]]: etsi enim nonnullae gentes Ibericae cum [[Quintus Sertorius|Sertorio]] societatem fecerant revera Sertorium et successorem Perpennam vicerat reliquiasque Marianarum partium quae Sullanam civitatem recusabant.
[[Fasciculus:Faustus Cornelius Sulla, AR denarius, 56 BC, RRC 426-4a.jpg|thumb|Denarius in honorem Pompei a genero [[Faustus Cornelius Sulla (mortuus 46 a.C.n.)|Fausto Sylla]] anno 56 a.C.n. signatus. Nam tres laureae ad tres triumphos alludunt et spica frumenti ad praefecturam annonae nuper Pompeio mandatam. Quae emissio specialiter ad frumentum emendum percussa est. Corona gemmata super globum ad 'triumphatorem mundi' referenda est&lt;ref&gt;Babelon, [https://archive.org/details/descriptionhisto01babe/page/422/mode/2up Cornelia 61]. Crawford 426/4. [https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/C_R-8752 Nummus in Museo Britannico].&lt;/ref&gt;.]]
Tertius triumphus ita magnificus et sumptuosus fuit ut per duos dies digeri debuerit (28/9 septembris 61) nec tamen omnia quae praeparata erant populo ostendi tempore deficiente potuerunt. Quattuordecim gentes victas enumerabat: praeter [[Pirata|piratas]] fuerunt Pontus, Armenia, Syria, Iudaea, Arabia etc. Finis praeterea fuit [[Bella Mithridatica|belli Mithridatici]] quo Romani per triginta annos multa damna acceperant. Et in tabellis in pompa prolatis pecunia ingens in [[aerarium]] deposita et novae urbes (circiter 39) ab illo conditae legebantur&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 45. {{Pnh}} VII.98-99 necnon XXXVII.13. [[Appianus Alexandrinus|Appianus]], ''Mithridatica'' 116-117. Velleius Paterculus II.40.3.&lt;/ref&gt;. Quod tamen maxime animadverterunt aequales  nec umquam ante Pompeium cuiquam acciderat hoc fuit quod tribus triumphis Pompeius de tribus mundi partibus (Africa, Europa, Asia) tunc notis triumphasset atque velut orbem terrarum Romanis subegisset&lt;ref&gt;[[Cicero]], ''Pro Balbo'' 4.9 et VI.16. ''Pro Sestio'' 129. [[Dio Cassius]] XXXVII.21. Quod idem in denariis suis celebrabat [[Faustus Cornelius Sulla (mortuus 46 a.C.n.)|Faustus Stylla]], Pompei gener.&lt;/ref&gt;. Posteris vero res postea gestas cogitantibus visum est tunc mori Pompeium optimum fuisse ne &quot;magni nominis umbra&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[[Lucanus]], ''Pharsalia'' I.135. D. C. Feeney, &quot;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/638958 Stat magni nominis umbra.' Lucan on the Greatness of Pompeius Magnus]&quot;, ''The Classical Quarterly'', 1986: 239-243&lt;/ref&gt; fieret. Reliqua vita eius non tantum foeda sed etiam reipublicae Romanae perniciosa fuit postquam primum [[Triumviratus|triumviratum]] cum Caesare et Crasso sociavit&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 46.&lt;/ref&gt;.

De quo vide etiam [[Triumphi Gnaei Pompei Magni]].

== Curriculum vitae ==
=== De bello civili ===
Pater Strabo filio velut hereditatem exercitum legavit quem in [[Bellum sociale|bello Sociali]] ducendum acceperat et post consulatum anni 89 retinuit successore per milites interfecto. Praeterea ipse dilectus in regione natali [[Picenum|Picentina]] habebat. Bello civili primo cum pater tum postea filius ambigue egerunt usque ad Syllae in Italiam reditum. Tum Pompeius  et ipse et tres legiones quibus imperabat Syllae praesto fuit, vix tres et viginti annos natus. Quod gratum illi fuit et Pompeius in Siciliam et Africam adversus [[Gaius Marius|Marianos]] ab eo missus Perpenam fugavit, Carbonem et Domitium Ahenobarbum vicit et interfecit&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 10-12. [[Valerius Maximus]] VI.2.8.&lt;/ref&gt;. Redux a Sylla [[imperator]]  appellatur  et [[cognomen]] Magnus ei confirmatur. Anno 79 de Africa triumphare Pompeio licuit quamquam nondum magistratum ullum [[cursus honorum]] gesserat.

Sylla mortuo adversus consulem [[Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (consul 78 a.C.n.)|Lepidum]] rerum potiri conantem pugnavit et eius legatum Marcum Iunium Brutum in [[Gallia Cisalpina]] victum et in fidem suam deditum perfide interfici iussit&lt;ref&gt;[[Titus Livius]], ''Periocha'' 90. [[Orosius]] V.22.17. ''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 16.&lt;/ref&gt;. Deinde cum exercitum retineret nec dimittere vellet proconsulari potestate (quamvis privatus tunc erat&lt;ref&gt;Cicero, ''[[De imperio Cn. Pompei|De imperio Gnaei Pompei]]'' 62&lt;/ref&gt;) in Hispaniam adversus [[Quintus Sertorius|Sertorium]] anno [[77 a.C.n.]] missus est, adiutor et collega [[Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius|Quinti Metelli Pii]] qui saepe contra ultimum popularium ducem male pugnaverat. Pompeius et ipse saepe cum Sertorio [[Bellum Sertorianum|infeliciter pugnavit]] qui semper ex improviso apparebat: tandem tamen Sertorio a [[Marcus Perperna Veiento|Perperna]] fraude occiso bellum confecit atque victor Romam rediit ([[71 a.C.n.]])&lt;ref&gt;Plutarchus, ''Vita Sertorii'' et ''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 17-20. [[Appianus Alexandrinus|Appianus]], ''Bella civilia'' I.108-115.&lt;/ref&gt; ubi triumphavit et consulatum sibi paravit.

=== De consulatu, piratis, Mithridate ===
Post triumphum anno [[70 a.C.n.]] consul fuit, quamquam nullum magistratum ordinarium cursus honorum adhuc gesserat nec ad aetatem consulatui legalem pervenerat&lt;ref&gt;Cicero, ''[[De imperio Cn. Pompei|De Imperio Cn. Pompei]]'' 62.&lt;/ref&gt;, cum [[Marcus Licinius Crassus (triumvir)|Marco Licinio Crasso]], quocum simultates acerbas exercebat adhuc asperiores factas cum in itinere Pompeius reliquos servos fugitivos qui [[Spartacus|Spartacum]] secuti erant profligavit, ita partem gloriae suae et victoriae Crasso subripiens. Odium mutuum consulum tum apud Romanos metum graviorum turbarum suscitavit. Certe legem pertulerunt de [[Tribunus plebis|tribunicia potestate]] in pristinam vim restituenda quae plebis votis data est. Praeterea [[Lex Aurelia iudiciaria|legem iudiciariam]] [[Lucius Aurelius Cotta (cos. 65 a.C.n.)|Aurelii Cottae]] probavit quae iudicia [[Eques Romanus|equitibus]] pro tertia parte reddebat a quibus exclusi erant a dictatore Sylla. His duabus legibus Pompeius popularis favoris cupidine illa quam Cicero eius ''popularem levitatem''&lt;ref&gt;''[[Ad Atticum]]'' II.1.6.&lt;/ref&gt; appellabat rempublicam a dictatore Sylla ordinatam aboleverat&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 21-23&lt;/ref&gt;.

Post consulatum exercitum dimisit et paulisper a re publica secessit. Mox tamen anno [[67 a.C.n.|67]] quia [[Pirata|piratae]] maria infestabant atque plebs Romana iam famem timebat si commeatus interciperetur [[tribunus plebis]] [[Aulus Gabinius]] [[Lex Gabinia|rogationem]] promulgavit quae duci unico imperium maius extraordinarium adversus piratas daret: legatos consulares aut praetorios quindecim sibi adiungere, militum dilectus quot vellet et navium aedificationes pecuniaeque erogationem ad libitum iubere, imperium ceteris magistratibus maius non tantum in mari sed etiam in omnibus litoribus in triennium. Ita sine nomine dictatura quaedam instituebatur: nam omnes sciebant rem ad Pompeium spectare. Optimates illi novae rei frustra adversabantur, plebs Pompeio nimis favebat quam ut obstare liceret&lt;ref&gt;[[Dio Cassius]] XXXVI.21-34&lt;/ref&gt;. Itaque lex perlata est. Pompeius regionem aliquam maris unicuique legatorum suorum adsignavit&lt;ref&gt;[[Appianus Alexandrinus|Appianus]], ''Mithridatica'' 195.&lt;/ref&gt; et tribus mensibus mare praedonibus liberavit. Reliquos eorum in [[Cilicia]] interiore longe a mari collocavit agris datis ut vitam agricultura in posterum quaererent&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 24-29. [[Appianus Alexandrinus|Appianus]], ''Mithridatica'' 91-6. [[Cicero]], ''[[De imperio Cn. Pompei|de Imperio Cn. Pompei]]'' 31-35. [[Cassius Dio|Dio Cassius]] XXXVI.18-35.&lt;/ref&gt;.

Haec tam inexspectata celeritas in praedonibus subigendis Pompeium iam ad nova imperia promptum faciebat, imprimis bellum contra Mithridatem cui iamdiu inhiabat. Itaque alius tribunus plebis ei devotus Gaius Mamilius [[Lex Manilia|rogationem]] invitis senatoribus ad populum tulit ([[66 a.C.n.]]) omnes legiones et provincias [[Lucullus|Lucullo]] prius datas, addita [[Bithynia]] cui [[Manius Acilius Glabrio (consul 67 a.C.n.|Acilius Glabrio]] iam annum praeerat, Pompeio iam in [[Asia Minor|Asia Minore]] versanti transferendas esse ad [[Bella Mithridatica|Bellum Mithridaticum]] peragendum. Qui idem adhuc imperium extraordinarium lege Gabinia sibi datum retinebat. Ita in toto orbe Romano dominabatur Pompei imperium.
Lucullus tum reges [[Mithridates VI (rex Ponti)|Mithridatem]] et [[Tigranes Magnus|Tigranem]] iam ab anno [[74 a.C.n.]] saepe vicerat et eorum vires multum infirmarat sed ultimo cum in regni Tigranis caput iter faceret a seditiosis militibus desertus retroire coactus erat et interim eius legatus Triarius cladem in [[Pontus (regnum)|Ponto]] accepit. Quocirca Ciceroni quidem mutatio imperatoris non iniusta videri potuit et orationem habuit legem suadentem&lt;ref&gt;''[[De imperio Cn. Pompei|De Imperio Cn. Pompei]]''. [[Dio Cassius]] XXXVI.41-2.&lt;/ref&gt;. Alii vero existimabant Lucullum iam maximam belli partem confecisse atque Pompeium triumphum ei sunbrepturum tantummodo supervenisse&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 30.3 et 31.11-12.&lt;/ref&gt; Ob simultatem inter duos imperatores Pompeius omnia decreta et dona Luculli rescidit&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 31.9.&lt;/ref&gt; de quo ille postquam Romam rediit acerbe questus est.

Rex callide fugax Pompeium per tres annos usque ad mortem suam in Oriente detinuit (63 a.C.n.). Interim in nomine populi Romani imperator  vicit [[Iudaei|Iudaeos]] et Arabes et Armenios, [[Syria (provincia Romana)|Syriam]] [[Seleucidae|Seleucidarum]] in [[Provincia Romana|provinciam Romanam]] redegit, populis adhuc Romanis ignotis [[Regnum Hiberiae|Hiberis]] et [[Albania (Caucasus)|Albanis]] in [[Caucasus|Caucaso]] bellum intulit&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 34-5.&lt;/ref&gt;, reges alios destituit alios in eorum locum substituit atque amicos populi Romani appellavit, novas urbes condidit&lt;ref&gt;A. Dreizehnter, &quot;[https://publications.dainst.org/journals/chiron/article/view/1478 Pompeius als Städtegründer]&quot;, ''Chiron'', 1975: 213-245&lt;/ref&gt;, praemia comitibus et militibus divisit&lt;ref&gt;[[Appianus Alexandrinus|Appianus]], ''Mithridatica'' 97-121. ''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 30-41. Dio Cassius XXXVI.43-52, XXXVII.1-7 et 11-21.&lt;/ref&gt;. Quae omnia facile a senatu rata fore sperabat.

=== De triumviratu ===
[[Fasciculus:First Triumvirate of Caesar, Crassius and Pompey.jpg|thumb|&quot;Triumviri&quot; Caesar, Crassus, Pompeius.]]
At cum Romam rediit Lucullus et optimatium dux [[Cato minor|Cato]] et pristinus in consulatu collega Marcus Crassus multique alii senatores res a Pompeio in Oriente decretas omnes comprobare noluerunt&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 46.&lt;/ref&gt;. Pompeius vero pecunia multa paene aperte divisa suffragia in [[comitia|comitiis]] emebat: ita quidem legati eius [[Marcus Pupius Piso Frugi Calpurnianus|Marcus Pupius]] anno [[61 a.C.n.]] et [[Lucius Afranius]] anno [[60 a.C.n.]] consules facti sunt&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 44.&lt;/ref&gt; sed Marcus Pupius scandalo [[Sacra Bonae Deae (62 a.C.n.)|sacrorum Bonae Deae pollutorum]] et [[Publius Clodius Pulcher|Publii Clodi]] de ea re absoluti implicatus omnem auctoritatem amisit et Lucius Afranius, homo militaris et a subtili politica alienissimus, nihil effecit. Tum Pompeius per Caesarem Crasso reconciliatus societatem cum eis iniit &quot;ne quid ageretur in republica quod displicuisset ulli e tribus&quot; ([[Suetonius]]&lt;ref&gt;''Vita Divi Iuli'' 19&lt;/ref&gt;), quam &quot;[[Triumviratus|primum triumviratum]]&quot; historici moderni appellare solent, quamquam numquam a Romanis sic nominatam : privata enim societas erat, matrimonio quoque firmata, cum Pompeius filiam [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Caesaris]], [[Iulia (uxor Pompeii Magni)|Iuliam]], uxorem duxit. Nec ulla lex potestatem illorum &quot;triumvirum&quot; umquam sanxit&lt;ref&gt;[[Appianus Alexandrinus|Appianus]], libro secundo ''Bellorum civilium'' 9 et 17. Cassius Dio  XXXVII.54-58. ''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 47.&lt;/ref&gt;.

Caesare consule ([[59 a.C.n.]]) acta Pompei lege in toto rata sunt multa vi adhibita et republica perturbata&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 48.&lt;/ref&gt;, simul leges agrariae perlatae quae agros Pompeianis veteranis dabant&lt;ref&gt;Peter Panitschek, &quot;[https://tyche.univie.ac.at/index.php/tyche/article/view/4344 Die Agrargesetze des Jahres 59 und die Veteranen des Pompeius]&quot;, ''Tyche'', 1987: 141-154&lt;/ref&gt;. Eius amicus legatusque Aulus Gabinius ad consulatum anni 58 designatus est. Tum Pompeius  Ciceronem, qui se magni hominis praesidio tutum credebat, deseruit et Clodio novisque sociis prodidit&lt;ref&gt;[[Ad Atticum]] II.9.1. Robin Seager, &quot;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/41523235 Clodius, Pompeius and the Exile of Cicero]&quot;, ''Latomus'', 1965: 519-531 &lt;/ref&gt;. Mox ipse Pompeius a Clodio conviciis contumeliosis lacessitus est, sicarii in eum missi sunt: caedem timens Pompeius domi usque ad novos tribunos sese continuit. Sed anno proximo Ciceronis reditui operam dedit&lt;ref&gt;[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 48-49.&lt;/ref&gt;. Item cura annonae ad quinquennium ei mandata est postquam fames et caritas plebem turbavit, quod munus summo studio et successu implevit. Attamen ira et indignatio optimatium adversus triumviros maxima erat: [[Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus (consul 54 a.C.n.)|Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus]] consulatum anni 55 petivit se decreta triumvirum et Caesaris proconsulatum rescissurum ceteraque eorum consilia impugnaturum pollicitus. Quod ut impedirent Crassus et Pompeius simul adversus eum consulatum petiverunt. Manus armatae, sicarii et omne genus violentiae comitia turbabant ita ut mense ianuario Roma consules non habebat et ad [[Interregnum|interreges]] ventum est&lt;ref&gt;[[Dio Cassius]] 39.31. [[Plutarchus]], ''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Pompeius]]'' 52 et ''Crassus'' 15 et ''Cato minor'' 41.&lt;/ref&gt;. Postremo Pompeius et Crassus consules renuntiati sunt: per tribunos plebis et populum Crassus sibi bellum [[Regnum Parthorum|Parthicum]] attribuit, Pompeius Hispanias in quinquennium, quas tamen provincias legatis reliquit dum ipse cum exercitu ad portas Urbis remanet; prorogationem proconsulatus in Gallia ad quinquennium quoque Caesari obtulerunt&lt;ref&gt;[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 52-53&lt;/ref&gt;. Ita Pompeius unus e tribus reipublicae liberae vespillonibus iure dici potest.

Iam tamen dissolvebatur eorum societas: nam anno 54 obiit sine liberis [[Iulia (uxor Pompeii Magni)|Iulia]] quae maximum vinculum inter Pompeium et Caesarem fuerat. Et anno 53 Crassus apud Parthos cum filio periit. Restabant duo rivales de principatu certantes. Tum Pompeius optimates propius accessit quia potentiam Caesaris reformidabat. At vis in dies crescebat: anno 53 per sex menses Roma consules non habuit et mense Ianuario 52 tum cum respublica iterum consules non habebat Publius Clodius a familia armata [[Titus Annius Milo|Milonis]] occisus est. Pompeio salus reipublicae [[Senatus consultum ultimum|senatusconsulto ultimo]] mandata est consuli sine collega&lt;ref&gt;Joh, T. Ramsey, &quot;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/45019234 How and why was Pompey Made Sole Consul in 52 BC?]&quot;, ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 2016: 298-324&lt;/ref&gt; facto ne nomen infame [[Dictatura|dictaturae]] nuncuparetur&lt;ref&gt;[[Cicero]], ''[[Pro Milone]]'' cum commentario [[Asconius|Asconii]]. [[Dio Cassius]] 40.49. [[Appianus]], ''Bell. civ''. II.21-23. ''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 54.3-8.&lt;/ref&gt;. Pompeius milites suos Romam introduxit ad manus armatas opprimendas et varias leges de ambitu et [[Lex Pompeia de provinciis|intervallo inter magistratus et promagistratus]] pertulit quas ipse non observavit. Ad secundam partem anni socerum [[Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio Nasica|Metellum Scipionem]] sibi collegam adiunxit. Talis fuit eius tertius et ultimus consulatus.

=== De secundo bello civili ===
[[Fasciculus:Pompeius Magnus during Civil War 49-45 BC es.svg|thumb|Itinera Pompei in secundo bello civili (49-48) a Roma usque ad [[Pelusium]]]]
Iam res Romanae ad [[Bellum Civile (49-45 a.C.n.)|bellum civile]] vergebant. Nam Pompeius parem sibi esse in republica non patiens, simul et ab optimatibus incitatus Caesaris proposita exercitum dimittere nolentis nisi prius sibi absenti consulatum petere licuisset firmiter recusabat. Timebat enim Caesar privatus Romam redire ob multa iudicia et odia sibi obeunda. Postquam vero Caesar Rubiconem transiit Pompeius legionibus quas secum habebat diffisus (duas earum obtento bello Parthico e Caesaris exercitu substraxerat) in [[Epirus (regio historica)|Epirum]] fugere maluit, secum paene totum senatum abducens. Quo faciendo non solum urbem Romam, [[aerarium]], [[Cliens (discretiva)|clientelam]] multam quam in [[Picenum|Piceno]] habebat inimico relinquebat&lt;ref&gt;Plutarchus, ''Comparatio inter Agesilaum et Pompeium'' III.4-8.&lt;/ref&gt; sed etiam legatos et legiones suas in Hispania versantes deserebat quas primum debellavit Caesar antequam et ipse in Epirum exercitum transduceret&lt;ref&gt;Caesar, ''[[De bello civili|de Bello civili]]'' liber primus.&lt;/ref&gt;.

[[Dyrrhachium|Dyrrachii]] Caesar castra Pompei circumvallare et obsidere conatus est sed eruptio Pompeianorum legiones Caesarianas non sine magno damno repulit et paulum afuit quin haec dies victoria Pompeianorum finem bello imponeret. Deinde Pompeius in Thessaliam recessit: sperabat enim cunctando inopia Caesarianos et fame victum iri sine pugna. Non diu tamen senatoribus morae impatientibus et circumstrepentibus resistere potuit. Apud [[Pharsalus|Pharsalum]] proelium invitus commisit et cladem accepit. Huius imbecillitatem animi multum vituperavit poeta [[Lucanus]] in ''[[Pharsalia]]'' et post eum [[Plutarchus]] in [[biographia]]&lt;ref&gt;''Comparatio inter Agesilaum et Pompeium'' IV.3-6.&lt;/ref&gt;.

Ne in fidem victoris sese dederet Pompeius in [[Aegyptus antiqua|Aegyptum]] cum uxore et liberis proficisci constituit ubi regnabat [[Ptolemaeus XII (rex Aegypti)|Ptolemaei XII]] filius adhuc puer cuius patrem per Aulum Gabinium proconsulem Pompeius nuper in regnum restituerat. Sperabat enim beneficii gratiam sibi saluti fore. At consilium minoris regis gratiam victoris Caesaris praeposuit et Pompeium ad litus accitum decollari iussit ita ut eius caput Caesari adventanti praeberetur. Inter interfectores fuerunt et milites Romani qui sub Pompeio olim meruerant ut [[tribunus militum]] [[Lucius Septimius]]. Talis fuit exitus Magni Pompei&lt;ref&gt;''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 74-80. [[Appianus Alexandrinus|Appianus]], ''Bella civilia'' II.83-86. Dio Cassius XLII.2-5.&lt;/ref&gt;.

== De moribus ==
[[Fasciculus:Het Theater van Pompeius te Rome Theatrum Pompeii (titel op object) Livre des edifices antiques romains (serietitel) Magesyn der Italiaense gebouwen (serietitel), RP-P-1957-653-85-3.jpg|thumb|Theatrum Pompei sedecimo saeculo excogitatum.]]
Cicero in oratione sua ''[[de imperio Cn. Pompei]]''&lt;ref&gt;36-42.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[66 a.C.n.]]) virtutes Pompei magnifice enumerabat, quem capitulo secundo suae biographiae secutus est [[Plutarchus]]. Ita laudabat eius innocentiam, temperantiam, abstinentiam, continentiam, fidem, comitatem, humanitatem, mansuetudinem, dignitatem imperatoriam, auctoritatem. Sine dubio laudatio illa sueta [[hyperbola]] oratoria non carebat, aliquid veri tamen inesse iure putaris. Certe adfirmabat socios adventum militum a Pompeio ductorum non timere, reliquorum ducum Romanorum intemperantiam et aviditatem pavescere.

Maxima eius vitia bene demonstravit Plutarchus, hoc est vanitatem et nimiam gloriae popularitatisque cupidinem quam saepe patriae utilitati praevertit. Supra enim leges se putabat et primus esse volens pares non tolerabat. Popularitatis causa etiam quandam animi levitatem et inconstantiam ei obiciebant. Praeterea adulescens in primo bello civili immitem et crudelem sese praebuisse accusabatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Valerius Maximus]] VI.2.8. ''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|. Vita Pompei]]'' X.1-8 et XVI.6-8.&lt;/ref&gt;. Praeterea gloriae ceterorum ducum invidebat et obtrectabat, Metello Pio in Hispaniis, Crasso in bello servili, Lucullo in bello Mithridatico.

== De facultate dicendi ==
[[Fasciculus:Curia Pompey.jpg|thumb|Curia Pompei computatro restituta]]
[[Fasciculus:Curia Pompeia te Rome Magni Pompei Curia ad Theatrum eiusdem (titel op object) Antieke monumenten (serietitel) Antiquae Urbis Splendor (serietitel) Magesyn der Italiaense gebouwen (serietitel), RP-P-1957-653-71-3.jpg|thumb|Curia Pompeia decimo septimo saeculo excogitata.]]
His verbis Cicero Pompei eloquentiam aestimabat: ''meus autem aequalis Cn. Pompeius vir ad omnia summa natus maiorem dicendi gloriam habuisset, nisi eum maioris gloriae cupiditas ad bellicas laudes abstraxisset. Erat oratione satis amplus, rem prudenter videbat; actio vero eius habebat et in voce magnum splendorem et in motu summam dignitatem''&lt;ref&gt;''[[Brutus (Cicero)|Brutus]]'' 239.&lt;/ref&gt;.

== De monumentis ==
Praeclarum monumentum posteris reliquit Pompeius, primum theatrum marmoreum Romae aedificatum quod quidem maneret, [[Theatrum Pompeium|theatrum Pompei]] vulgo dictum. Quod theatrum fortasse circa [[61 a.C.n.]] ad exemplum theatri Graeci quod [[Mytilene|Mytilenae]] viderat&lt;ref&gt;Plutarchus, ''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 42.7-9&lt;/ref&gt; postquam ex Asia rediit inchoatum, in [[Campus Martius|Campo Martio]] in agro privato anno [[55 a.C.n.|55]] secundo consulatu dedicavit&lt;ref&gt;[https://rome.unicaen.fr/monument/theatrepompee/ Le Plan de Rome].  Filippo Coarelli, &quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/dha_0755-7256_1997_num_23_2_2353 Le théâtre de Pompée]&quot;, ''Dialogues d'histoire ancienne'', 1997: 105-124&lt;/ref&gt;. Tum magnos ludos populo dedit&lt;ref&gt;[[Dio Cassius]] XXXIX.38&lt;/ref&gt;. Instar templi fuit quia summa [[Cavea (discretiva)|cavea]] aedem [[Venus Victrix|Veneri Victrici]] exstruxerat, quae dea bello potens ei semper cordi fuerat. In situ inventae sunt [[Musae (deae)|Musarum]] et [[Hercules|Herculis]] statuae quae ad hoc monumentum pertinuisse videntur: nam Pompeius libenter cum Hercule aut [[Alexander Magnus|Alexandro Magno]] comparabatur&lt;ref&gt;D. Villani (2013).&lt;/ref&gt;. Augustus theatrum Pompeium refecit&lt;ref&gt;''[[Res gestae Divi Augusti|Res gestae]]'' 20.&lt;/ref&gt; et saepe postea refectum est ita ut Dione teste tertio saeculo magnificentiam suam retinuisset.

Novam curiam quoque aedificavit ad senatum habendum in qua [[idus|idibus]] martiis 44 a.C.n. Gaius Iulius Caesar a coniuratis occisus est, ad pedes rivalis statuae cadens&lt;ref&gt;[https://rome.unicaen.fr/monument/curiepompee/ Plan de Rome]&lt;/ref&gt;. Horti et [[porticus]] eam a theatro separabant&lt;ref&gt;Gilles Sauron, &quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/efr_0000-0000_1987_act_98_1_2981 Le complexe pompéien du Champ de Mars : nouveauté urbanistique à finalité idéologique]&quot;, ''Publications de l'École française de Rome'', 1987: 457-473&lt;/ref&gt;.  Augusto regnante curia obstructa est nec ea iam utebantur&lt;ref&gt;Eleonora Zampieri, ''Politics in the monuments of Pompey the Great and Julius Caesar'', Taylor and Francis, 2023 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=FkSHEAAAQBAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum]&lt;/ref&gt;.

Iam anno [[71 a.C.n.|71]] ex Hispania rediens [[Tropaeum Pompeii|magnum tropaeum]] in [[arcus triumphalis]] forma summo [[Pyrenaei montes|Pyrenaeo]] monte ad maiorem sui gloriam erexerat, suam statuam in magna turri ponens&lt;ref&gt;Georges Castellvi, Josep Maria Nolla, Isabel Rodà. &quot;[https://hal.science/hal-03651020 Le trophée de Pompée dans les Pyrénées (71 avant J.-C.)]&quot;, Supplementum ad ''Gallia'', 2008. (272 pp.)&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Pompeius in litteris ==
Paulatim in litteris Pompeius tamquam ultimus defensor libertatis adversus tyrannidem descriptus est&lt;ref&gt;Pierre Grenade,	''[https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_1950_num_52_1_3416 Le mythe de Pompée et les Pompéiens sous les Césars]'', ''Revue des Études Anciennes'', 1950: 28-63&lt;/ref&gt;, quod historice dubium est&lt;ref&gt;Cicero (''Ad Atticum'' II.17.1) Pompeium tyrannidem adfectare credidit.&lt;/ref&gt;. Ita Titus Livius &quot;Pompeianus&quot; ab Augusto appellabatur&lt;ref&gt;[[Tacitus]], ''[[Annales (Tacitus)|Annales]]'' IV.34: ''Titus Liuius, eloquentiae ac fidei praeclarus in primis, Cn. Pompeium tantis laudibus tulit ut Pompeianum eum Augustus appellaret ; neque id amicitiae eorum offecit'' (verba in ore [[Aulus Cremutius Cordus|Cremuti Cordi]] posita). cf Bernard Mineo, &quot;[https://books.openedition.org/ugaeditions/52338 Tite-Live et le pouvoir augustéen]&quot; in ''Derrière le voile du pouvoir. Études d'histoire, de littérature et de réception sur le monde romain'', UGA, 2025: 111-130&lt;/ref&gt;, quod tamen in periochis hodie servatis non multum apparet sed fortasse hoc iudicium ad totum opus potius pertinebat. Lucanus imprimis in suo poemate e Pompeio heroem tragicum fecit, &quot;magni nominis umbram&quot;.

Non frequenter in litteris modernis apparet. Nihilominus septimo decimo saeculo ineunte [[iesuita]] [[Petrus Mussonius]] tragoediam Latinam  de Pompei morte scripsit&lt;ref&gt;Bernhard Paul, ''Petrus Mussonius, &quot;Pompeius Magnus&quot; : eine neulateinische Tragödie : Text, Übersetzung und Interpretation'', DeGruyter, 2013 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=MKHoBQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PP3&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_selected_pages&amp;cad=1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum]&lt;/ref&gt;. Paulo post praeclarus poeta tragicus Francogallicus [[Petrus Cornelius]] ''La Mort de Pompée''&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.theatre-classique.fr/pages/pdf/CORNEILLEP_MORTPOMPEE.pdf Textus]&lt;/ref&gt; anno [[1644]] composuit et postea in tragoedia ''Sertorius'' inscripta (1662) Pompeium hominem generosum ostendit qui Syllanorum societatem suscipit ad praesentes iniurias minuendas et libertatem in posterum restituendam&lt;ref&gt;[https://theatre-classique.fr/pages/pdf/CORNEILLEP_SERTORIUS.pdf Textus]&lt;/ref&gt;.

Nonnulli pictores et musici quoque memoriam Pompei coluerunt sed operibus hodie parum notis.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Fontes praecipui ==
[[Fasciculus:RSC 0017.jpg|thumb|Caput Pompei in [[Denarius|denario]] a filio Sexto signato.]]
* [[Appianus Alexandrinus|Appianus]], ''Bella civilia'' I-II et ''Mithridatica''
*[[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Caesar]], ''De bello civili''
* [[Cicero]], Epistulae et orationes passim et imprimis oratio ''[[De imperio Cn. Pompei]]''
*[[Dio Cassius]], ''[[Historia Romana (Dio)|Historia Romana]]'' libri 36-42
*[[Lucanus]], ''[[Pharsalia]]''
*[[Plutarchus]], ''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]''  et ''[[Vita Sertorii|Sertorius]]'' et ''[[Vita Luculli (Plutarchus)|Lucullus]]''
*[[Sallustius]], ''Historiae''
*[[Titus Livius]], ''Periochae'' 89-112
*[[Velleius Paterculus]], ''[[Historiae (Velleius)|Historiae]]''

== Plura legere si cupis ==
[[Fasciculus:11871 - Vatican - Pius-Clementine Museum (3482903904).jpg|thumb|Statua Herculis anno 1864 prope ruinas theatri Pompei inventa. Ad secundum saeculum p.C. refertur. Theatrum enim illud diu floruit.]]
*Ernestus Baltrusch, ''Caesar und Pompeius'', [[Darmstadium|Darmstadii]], 2004 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rbph_0035-0818_2007_num_85_1_6137_t1_0185_0000_4 Recensio critica]
*Henricus Gottlob Kloeber, ''[https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb11211445?page=,1 De Pompeio Hierosolymario]'', Vitembergae, 1741/2 '''LATINE'''
*Henricus Antonius Cornelius Chais Van Buren,	''Dissertatio historico-juridica inauguralis de Cn. Pompeio Magno, et de legibus ab eo latis''..., Lugduni Batavorum, 1823 
*	Karl Christ, ''Pompeius : der Feldherr Roms ; eine Biographie'', C.H. Beck, 2004 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=IN-8tQcnJiEC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum]
*H. P. Collins, &quot;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/641489 Decline and Fall of Pompey the Great]&quot;, ''Greece &amp; Rome'', 1953: 98-106
*	 Matthias Dingmann, ''Pompeius Magnus : Machtgrundlagen eines spätrepublikanischen Politikers'', M. Leidorf, 2007 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_2010_num_79_1_4002_t21_0656_0000_2 Recensio critica] [https://www.academia.edu/165291002/Matthias_Dingmann_Pompeius_Magnus_Machtgrundlagen_eines_sp%C3%A4trepublikanischen_Politikers Altera recensio critica]
* Henri-Louis Fernoux, &quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_2007_num_109_2_6560nL’image de Pompée le Grand pendant les guerres civiles (49-35 av.J.-C.)]&quot;, ''Revue des Études Anciennes'', 2007: 621-644
*Kurt von Fritz, &quot;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/283545?read-now=1 Pompey's Policy before and after the Outbreak of the Civil War of 49 B.C.]&quot;, ''Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association'', 1942: 145-180
*	Mathias Gelzer, ''Pompeius. Lebensbild eines Römers'', Stuttgart, Steiner, 2005 (prima editio 1948) [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_2007_num_109_1_6738_t1_0400_0000_3 Recensio critica]
*Klaus M. Girardet,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/ccgg_1016-9008_1992_num_3_1_1357 Imperium und provinciae des Pompeius seit 67 v. Chr.]&quot;, ''Cahiers du Centre Gustave Glotz'', 1992: 177-188
*Peter Greenhalgh, ''Pompey. I The roman Alexander II The republican prince'', Weidenfeld, 1980/1 (duo volumina) [https://www.jstor.org/stable/3063845 Recensio critica]
*Erich S. Gruen, &quot;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4435061 Pompey, the Roman Aristocracy, and the Conference of Luca]&quot;, ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 1969: 71-108
*Thomas P. Hillman, &quot;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4476779 Pompeius and the Senate: 77-71]&quot;, ''Hermes'', 1990: 444-454
*Charles-Alban Horvais, &quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/vita_0042-7306_2017_num_195_1_1841 Pompée, les Italiens et le Sénat (de 62 à 49 av. J.-C.)]&quot;, ''Vita Latina'', 2017: 5-21
*John Leach,	''Pompey the Great'', Routledge, 1978 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=ASYiAwAAQBAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum]
*Giuseppe Marchetti Longhi, ''&quot;Theatrum Lapideum&quot;, &quot;Curia Pompeia&quot; e &quot;Trullum Dominae Maraldae&quot;: Topografia antica e medioevale di Roma'',	Tip. Poliglotta Vaticana, 1936
*Thomas N. Mitchell, &quot;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/27830953 Cicero, Pompey and the rise of the first triumvirate]&quot;, ''Traditio'', 1973: 1-26
*Kit Morrell, ''Pompey, Cato, and the Governance of the Roman Empire'', Oxford University Press, 2017 [https://academic.oup.com/book/9802]
*	Alessandro Moretti, ''Crescere nella discordia : la vita di Pompeo'', Bononiae, 2022 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=DRAEEQAAQBAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] 
*L. G. Pocock, &quot;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/641978 What Made Pompeius Fight in 49 B. C.?]&quot;, ''Greece &amp; Rome'', 1959: 68-81
*Nicole Schemmel, ''Rhōmaiōn kratistos : die Rezeption des Pompeius in der römischen Kaiserzeit'', Wellem Verlag, 2015
*David Rafferty , Frederik Juliaan Vervaet, Christopher J. Dart. &quot;[https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783111705446-012/html Competitive Authoritarianism on the Eve of Empire: Pompeius’s New Republic of 52 BCE]&quot;, in ''How  Republics die'', De Gruyter, 2025: 301-329
*Francesco Paolo Rizzo S. J., ''Le Fonti per la Storia della Conquista Pompeiana della Siria'', Banca di Sicilia, 1963 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1964_num_33_2_1428_t1_0551_0000_2 Recensio critica] [https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_1964_num_77_364_3778_t1_0308_0000_1 Altera recensio critica]
*Georg-Philipp Schietinger (curator), ''Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus : Ausnahmekarrierist, Netzwerker und Machtstratege : Beiträge zur Heidelberger Pompeius-Tagung am 24. September 2014'', Marie Leidorf, 2019
*Robin Seager, ''Pompey the Great : a political biography'', Oxonii, Blackwell, 2002 [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2002/2002.12.15 Recensio critica] [https://books.google.fr/books?id=EKwClH_z09gC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum]
*G. R. Stanton, B. A. Marshall. &quot;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4435439 The Coalition between Pompeius and Crassus 60-59 B.C.]&quot;, ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 1975: 205-219
*Augustus Stinner, ''[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044085197283&amp;seq=7 Ciceronis de Cn. Pompeio Magno judicia, ab illo epistolis praecipue commissa, examini subjecta]'', 	[[Vratislavia|Vratislaviae]], typis Kupferianis, 1830           '''LATINE'''
*Éric Teyssier, ''Pompée. L’anti-César'', Perrin, 2013 [https://shs.cairn.info/pompee--9782262042127?lang=fr] [https://books.google.fr/books?id=ktUpQCpx3e0C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum]
*J. Van Ooteghem,  ''Pompée le Grand, bâtisseur d'Empire'', Bruxellis, 1954 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rbph_0035-0818_1955_num_33_4_1970_t1_0952_0000_1 Recensio critica]
*Donata Villani, « [https://journals.openedition.org/pallas/1061#article-1061 Entre imitatio Alexandri et imitatio Herculis : Pompée et l’universalisme romain] », ''Pallas'', 2013: 335-350.
*G. Wirth, &quot;[https://prop.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/journals/bjb/article/view/69815 Pompeius - Armenien - Parther. Mutmaßungen zur Bewältigung einer Krisensituation]&quot;,  ''Bonner Jahrbücher'', 1983: 1-60
*Jean-Joseph De Witte,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/crai_0065-0536_1867_num_11_1_67361 Le colosse d'Hercule trouvé au théâtre de Pompée à Rome]&quot;, ''Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres'', 1867:  293-299

== Nexus externi ==
{{Vicicitatio|Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus}}
{{CommuniaCat|Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus|Gnaeum Pompeium Magnum }}
* [https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/De_viris_illustribus_urbis_Romae_a_Romulo_ad_Augustum/Cnaeus_Pompeius_Magnus Pompeius] in opere [[ Lhomond|abbatis C. F. Lhomond]] ''[[De viris illustribus urbis Romae]]'', 1779.
* &quot;[http://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/moa/acl3129.0003.001/485?page=root;rgn=full+text;size=100;view=image;q1=pompeius C. Pompeius Magnus]&quot; in {{Smith-bio}} vol. 3 pp. 477-488
{{Fontes biographici}}
{{Index consulum rei publicae|
praedecessores= [[Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus]] et [[Lucius Marcius Philippus (consul 56 a.C.n.)|Lucius Marcius Philippus]]|
annus= 55 a.C.n.&lt;br /&gt;cum&lt;br /&gt;[[Marcus Licinius Crassus (triumvir)|Marco Licinio Crasso]] II|
successores= [[Appius Claudius Pulcher (consul 54 a.C.n.)|Appius Claudius Pulcher]] et [[Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus (consul 54 a.C.n.)|L. Domitius Ahenobarbus]]}} 
{{Index consulum rei publicae|
praedecessores=[[Marcus Valerius Messalla Rufus]] et [[Gnaeus Domitius Calvinus]]|
annus= 52 a.C.n.&lt;br /&gt;cum&lt;br /&gt;[[Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio Nasica|Quinto Caecilio Metello Pio Scipione Nasica]]|
successores=[[Marcus Claudius Marcellus (consul 51 a.C.n.)|M. Claudius Marcellus]] et [[Servius Sulpicius Rufus]]}} 

{{Lifetime|106 a.C.n.|48 a.C.n.|Pompeius Magnus, Gnaeus}}

[[Categoria:Consules]]
[[Categoria:Gens Pompeia|Magnus, Gnaeus]]
[[Categoria:Necati]]
[[Categoria:Participes bellorum Mithridaticorum]]
[[Categoria:Participes Belli Civilis (49-45 a.C.n.)]]
[[Categoria:Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus|!]]
[[Categoria:Victimae Belli Civilis (49-45 a.C.n.)]]
{{Myrias|Homines}}</text>
      <sha1>r2igyaq4mp8l6lhzevmb827rjkmbkik</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Vicipaedia:Compendium</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>12813</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3998787</id>
      <parentid>3996151</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-03T01:02:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-58270-95</username>
        <id>217192</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
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      <text bytes="1580" sha1="95rtj0f356gcf2n0pzee9rn9rmxiis0" xml:space="preserve">{{Compendia paginae|VP:C}}

{{Res|Compendium}}{{LTL ref|compendium|727|}}{{L&amp;S ref|compendium}} est nexus brevis qui accessum atiis , &lt;code&gt;Auxilium:&lt;/ et &lt;code&gt;Formula:&lt;/&gt; iacent.

== De novis compendis creandis ==
Primum excogitandum et decernendum est quod nomen (utrum verbum an litterarum series) sit maxime idoneum et in memoria facillime teneatur. Ei oportet esse breve ac, quum in spatiis nominalibus &lt;code&gt;Vicipaedia:&lt;/code&gt; et &lt;code&gt;Auxilium:&lt;/code&gt;, litteris capitaneis tantum scriptum.

Aliquibus spatiis nominalibus sunt sua peculiaria praefixa brevia ({{*eg}} &lt;code&gt;VP:&lt;/code&gt; in compendiis spatii nominalis &lt;code&gt;Vicipaedia:&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;A:&lt;/code&gt; in compendiis spatii nominalis &lt;code&gt;Auxilium:&lt;/code&gt;, et cetera). Ad novum compendium creandum, quaesumus, sequere hos passus:

# Si studes paginam—{{*eg}} [[Vicipaedia:Taberna]]—facere compedii, [[VP:T]] videtur esse bona excogitatio.
# Aperi paginam supra decretam ([[VP:T]]) et ibi scribe:&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;#REDIRECT [[Vicipaedia:Taberna]]

{{De hac redirectione}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
# Tunc i ad paginam “[[Vicipaedia:Taberna]]” et ibi adde, prae summo capite, formulam &lt;code&gt;{{fnp|Compendia paginae|VP:T}}&lt;/code&gt;. Hoc modo parva arca nomen compedii ostendet.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{NexInt}}
* [[Specialis:Praefixa/VP:|Compendia in spatio nominali Vicipaediae]]
* [[Specialis:Praefixa/A:|Compendia in spatio nominali Auxilii]]
* [[:Categoria:Paginae cum compendiis]]
* [[:Categoria:Compendia]]
* {{fn|Compendia paginae}}
* {{fn|Compendia formulae}}
* {{fn|Compendia substitutionis}}</text>
      <sha1>95rtj0f356gcf2n0pzee9rn9rmxiis0</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>3998789</id>
      <parentid>3998787</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-03T01:22:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Recensiones a conlatore [[Special:Contributions/~2026-58270-95|~2026-58270-95]] ([[User talk:~2026-58270-95|Disputatio]]) factas in superiorem redactionem a conlatore [[User:Grufo|Grufo]] factam restitui</comment>
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      <text bytes="1803" sha1="kho5tkjiwopb5fijpbh87jg3zwvm6gp" xml:space="preserve">{{Compendia paginae|VP:C}}

{{Res|Compendium}}{{LTL ref|compendium|727|}}{{L&amp;S ref|compendium}} est nexus brevis qui accessum ad paginas praebet facilem. Paginae in [[Vicipaedia:Spatium nominale|spatio nominali]] encyclopaedico non solent compendia habere, multa autem sunt compendia paginarum quae in spatiis nominalibus &lt;code&gt;Vicipaedia:&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;Auxilium:&lt;/code&gt; et &lt;code&gt;Formula:&lt;/code&gt; iacent.

== De novis compendis creandis ==
Primum excogitandum et decernendum est quod nomen (utrum verbum an litterarum series) sit maxime idoneum et in memoria facillime teneatur. Ei oportet esse breve ac, quum in spatiis nominalibus &lt;code&gt;Vicipaedia:&lt;/code&gt; et &lt;code&gt;Auxilium:&lt;/code&gt;, litteris capitaneis tantum scriptum.

Aliquibus spatiis nominalibus sunt sua peculiaria praefixa brevia ({{*eg}} &lt;code&gt;VP:&lt;/code&gt; in compendiis spatii nominalis &lt;code&gt;Vicipaedia:&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;A:&lt;/code&gt; in compendiis spatii nominalis &lt;code&gt;Auxilium:&lt;/code&gt;, et cetera). Ad novum compendium creandum, quaesumus, sequere hos passus:

# Si studes paginam—{{*eg}} [[Vicipaedia:Taberna]]—facere compedii, [[VP:T]] videtur esse bona excogitatio.
# Aperi paginam supra decretam ([[VP:T]]) et ibi scribe:&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;#REDIRECT [[Vicipaedia:Taberna]]

{{De hac redirectione}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
# Tunc i ad paginam “[[Vicipaedia:Taberna]]” et ibi adde, prae summo capite, formulam &lt;code&gt;{{fnp|Compendia paginae|VP:T}}&lt;/code&gt;. Hoc modo parva arca nomen compedii ostendet.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{NexInt}}
* [[Specialis:Praefixa/VP:|Compendia in spatio nominali Vicipaediae]]
* [[Specialis:Praefixa/A:|Compendia in spatio nominali Auxilii]]
* [[:Categoria:Paginae cum compendiis]]
* [[:Categoria:Compendia]]
* {{fn|Compendia paginae}}
* {{fn|Compendia formulae}}
* {{fn|Compendia substitutionis}}</text>
      <sha1>kho5tkjiwopb5fijpbh87jg3zwvm6gp</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Gaius Licoppe</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>13589</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3998629</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-11-02T12:09:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Torstanus</username>
        <id>212901</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Diem mortis addidi et categorias idoneas</comment>
      <origin>3998629</origin>
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      <text bytes="37006" sha1="h27ung6x9jbvk7tp97a8h0lkiurhlvw" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidata}}

'''Gaius Licoppe''' (natus ''Guy Licoppe'' in [[Belgica]] die [[27 Iunii]] [[1931]], mortuus [[12 Octobris]] [[2026]]), [[medicus]] [[radiologia|radiologicus]] natione Belga, instituit primum ex anno [[1983]] Seminaria Latinitatis Vivae [[Vestenda]]e in maritima [[Belgae|Belgarum]] [[urbs|urbe]], et nunc Symposia Latina moderatur.

== Eius actuositates ==
Edit etiam ab anno 1984 Bruxellis commentarios Latinos quibus titulus ''[[Melissa]]'' et quorum compositrix est [[Francisca Deraedt]]. Indefessus fautor est [[lingua Latina|linguae Latinae]] renascendae et revivificandae.

== [[Domus Latina]] Bruxellis ab eo conditur ==
Die [[16 Decembris]] anno 1989, in urbe Bruxellarum ab eo condita est [[Domus Latina]] ad quam solent latinizantes tam Americani quam Belgae aliarumque nationum cives adire ad usum Latinae linguae iucunde et hilariter exercendum.

== Carmen in eius honorem ==
In honorem Gai Licoppe, [[Alaenus Divutius]] poeta pepigit hoc carmen.&lt;ref&gt;Vide: ''Melissa'', n° 107, anno 2002, p. 15.&lt;/ref&gt;

 AD GAIUM LICOPPE,
 LATINITATIS VIVAE DEFENSOREM ET PROPAGATOREM.
 
 Ars longa est, dicunt medici, sed vita brevis lux,
 sic via longa quoque est usque ad Latium redivivum :
 tu medicus bene scis teque ars perlonga iuvabit,
 iampridem linguam qui sanes semisepultam,
 nec via longa tibi gravis, indefesse viator,
 qui multos homines, multas urbesque latino
 ore loquens nosti, prae te vexilla latina
 gestans pacifice per terras undique sparsas.
 Tuque gregis nostri, patrone et optime ductor,
 perge diu nobis constanti mente favere
 atque animo forti Latii defendere linguam,
 ne misere pereat quondam regina triumphans.
 Perge etiam calamo docto varioque docere
 lectores, carpens passim nova mella Melissae.
 Sic eris usque quod es, fortis, bonus atque fidelis,
 fundator solidus, constructor et aedificator,
 omnibus attentus, semper quoque firmus amicus,
 ni nimis est, etiam cum te pituita molestat !

== Index omnium scriptorum Gai Licoppe in ordine chronologico redactorum. ==
=== anno 1976 ===
* 1976 - 1977 : ''Diarium nauticum. Iter circum mare Tyrrhenum'', Scriptum a Gaio et delineatum a [[Corinna Licoppe]], anno 1976, editum opusculum mense septembri anno 1977. Sunt decem exemplaria numero notata. Duorum primorum involucrum exornatum est charta picta a Margarita Licoppe.
=== anno 1980 ===
* 1980: &quot;De vera natura [[garum|gari]]&quot;, in commentariis quibus titulus ''Vox Latina'', Saraviponti, tomus 16, fasc. 60, 1980, p.182 ad 183.
=== anno 1984 ===
* 1984: &quot;Ad lectores&quot;, ''[[Melissa]]'', 1, 1984, p.1.
* 1984: &quot;Andreas Robbe mortuus&quot;, ''Melissa'', 1, 1984, p. 3.
* 1984: &quot;Inter eximios latinitatis vivae fautores : Antoninus Immè&quot;, ''Melissa'', 2, 1984, pp. 4-5.
* 1984: &quot;In vestigiis peregrinationis Compostellanae&quot;, ''Melissa'', 3, 1984, pp. 1-3.
* 1984: &quot;Inter eximios latinitatis vivae fautores : Genovefa Immè&quot;, Melissa, 1984, 3, pp. 4-5.

=== anno 1985 ===
* 1985: ''Lustratio litoris Belgici'', editio prima, Vestendae, 1985.
* 1985: &quot;Cur latine sileant undae&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 6, anno 1985, p.1 et p. 12.
* 1985: &quot;Ludi latini Augustiani quam mirifici fuerint&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 7, 1985, pp. 1-2.
* 1985: &quot;Domus editoria ELI quid latini divulget&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 7, anno 1985, pp. 8-9.
* 1985: &quot;Fundatio Melissa cur condita sit&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 8, anno 1985, p. 1 et p.9.
* 1985: &quot;[[Paulus Elsen]] mystagogus&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 8, anno 1985, p. 8.
* 1985: &quot;Novissima inventa technica etiam emolumento sunt latinitati vivae&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 9, anno 1985, p. 1.

=== anno 1986 ===
* 1986: &quot;Notior popularibus nostris fiat latinitas viva&quot;, ''Melissa'', n° 10, 1986.
* 1986: &quot;Academia linguae litterisque latinis fovendis quid profuerit Latinitati vivae&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 11, anno 1986, pp. 1-2.
* 1986: &quot;De nuperrima Mediolanensi scintilla latina&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 12, anno 1986, p. 1.
* 1986: &quot;Abhinc annis triginta...De latinitatis vivae motionis ortu&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 13, anno 1986, pp. 1-2 et p. 10.
* 1986: &quot;Quid de lingua Islandica scitu dignum sit&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 13, anno 1986, pp. 5-6.
* 1986: &quot;Fundationi Melissae cur adiugendi sint adsocii&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 14, anno 1986, pp. 1-2.
* 1986: &quot;De quodam oblectamento inexpectato&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 13, anno 1986, p. 6.
* 1986: &quot;Lustratio Iprensis&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 14, anno 1986, p. 4.
* 1986: &quot;De latinitatis vivae motionis ortu II&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 14, anno 1986, pp. 12-13.
* 1986: &quot;Ludi latini Frisingensis MCMLXXXVI&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 15, anno 1986, pp. 1-5.
* 1986: &quot;Consumatum est&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 15, anno 1986, p. 16.
=== anno 1987 ===
* 1987: &quot;De pronuntiatu latino&quot; in ''Melissa'', n° 16, anno 1987, p. 3.
* 1987: &quot;Latina acroasis in sede Communitatis Europaeae&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 17, pp. 1-2.
* 1987: De colloquio Wegimontano II quot capita, tot sensus... &quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 18, anno 1987, pp. 1-2.
* 1987: &quot;De Hornotino consessu Academiae linguae litterisque latinis fovendis&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 18, anno 1987, pp. 3 et 10. (Dialogus Gai Licoppe cum monacho Eichenseer).
* 1987: &quot;Cur Latine discamus hodie... &quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 19, anno 1987, p. 1, p. 2, et p. 7.
* 1987: &quot;De aestate Latina&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 20, anno 1987, p.1 et p. 13.
* 1987: &quot;De symposio Saravipontano, paucissimis... &quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 20, anno 1987, p. 3, p. 13, p. 16.
* 1987: &quot;Exemplo et aemulatione necnon perseverantia. I. De conventu Romano. II De conventu Argentoratensi (sive Strateburgensi). III De sessione communi Meldis habita&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 21, anno 1987, pp. 1-4.
* 1987: &quot;Oportet iterum vigeat et floreat in Europa studium linguae Latinae. (Oratio, Saturni die 31° m. Oct. a° 1987, Romae, 4 h 1/2 habita)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 21, anno 1987, pp. 13-14.
=== anno 1988 ===
* 1988: &quot;De terminologia medica temporibus posthumanisticis aucta&quot;, in farragine c. t. ''Symposium Latinitatis posthumanisticae'', Saraviponti, 1988, p. 39 ad 45.
* 1988: &quot;Gratias maximas... &quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 22, anno 1988, pp. 1-2.
* 1988: &quot;In memoriam [[Albertus Grisart|Alberti Grisart]]&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 22, anno 1988, pp. 2-3.
* 1988: &quot;De Graecia salentina&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 22, anno 1988, pp. 6-7. (Scripserunt una Gaius Licoppe et [[Iohannes Albertus Moreno Tortuero]]).
* 1988: &quot;De scopis nostris patefaciendis&quot;, in ''Meliss'', n° 23, anno 1988, pp. 12.
* 1988: &quot;Spes nova in Academia Romana&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 24, anno 1988, p. 1 et p. 3.
* 1988: &quot;Quid Latini in Scandinavia&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 25, anno 1988, p. 1.
* 1988: &quot;De percutanea transluminali angioplastica&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 25, anno 1988, pp. 6-7.
* 1988: &quot;De Caesarum vitreis Coloniae Agrippinae expositis&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 25, anno 1988, p. 7.
* 1988: &quot;Quo stultius..., eo fortius&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 26, anno 1988, pp. 1-2.
* 1988: &quot;Inter eximios latinitatis vivae fautores: Euthymius B. Antonaros&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 26, anno 1988, pp. 5-6.
* 1988: &quot;In memoriam Antonini Immé&quot;, in &quot;''Melissa'', n° 26, anno 1988, p. 11 (moderatores)
* 1988: &quot;De rationibus nostris dispungendis&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 27, anno 1988, p. 1 et p. 3.
=== anno 1989 ===
* 1989: &quot;Nunc temporis cur discenda sit lingua latina&quot;, in fasciculo c. t. Latine sapere, agere, loqui, Saraviponti, 1989, p. 185 ad 191.
* 1989: &quot;De 'Thesibus vesontinis' renovatis&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 28, anno 1989, p. 1, p. 2, p. 15.
* 1989: &quot;De educatione occidentali in summo discrimine versanti&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 29, anno 1989, p. 1.
* 1989: &quot;Undique spes novae... &quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 30, anno 1989, p. 1.
* 1989: &quot;Recordationes aestivae&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 31, anno 1989, p. 1 et p. 15.
* 1989: &quot;De nonnullis quaestionibus oecologicis&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 31, anno 1989, pp. 11-12.
* 1989: &quot;Iaponia in Belgio&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 32, anno 1989, pp. 1-3.
* 1989: &quot;Radiophonia latina ex Finnia&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 32, anno 1989, p. 10.
* 1989: &quot;[[Andreas Flour|Andreae Flour]], benevolo lectori, melissa respondet&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 32, anno 1989, p. 13.
* 1989: &quot;In hoc multizonio Bruxellensi [[Domus Latina]] inaugurata est&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 33, anno 1989, p. 1.
* 1989: &quot;Europalia 89. Iaponia in Belgio: circa artem 'Namban' &quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 33, anno 1989, pp. 2-6.
* 1989: &quot;Fundationis Melissae novissimus liber: Fabula ficta cui titulus 'Ubi sunt ? ', ([[Christianus Verbist]] est auctor)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 33, anno 1989, p. 11.
* 1989: &quot;De Domo Latina die 16 m. decembris Bruxellis inaugurata&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 33, p.16.
* 1989: &quot;Uter verum dixerit... Epistola professoris Iohannis Irmscher Berolinensis Orientalis et responsio Melissae&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 33, anno 1989, p. 16.
* 1989 : ''Pourquoi le latin aujourd'hui ? : (Cur adhuc discenda sit lingua Latina)'', s.l., 1989.

=== anno 1990 ===
* 1990: &quot;Conventus Consociationis Palaeophilologorum Germanorum&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 34, anno 1990, p. 1.
* 1990: &quot;Europalia 89. Iaponia in Belgio: circa expositionem 'Oranda' &quot;, in ''Melisa'', n° 34, anno 1990, pp. 2-5.
* 1990: &quot;De 'Vita Latina' deducta&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 35, anno 1990, p. 1.
* 1990: &quot;De officina latina Hammaburgi habita&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 36, anno 1990, pp. 1-4.
* 1990: &quot;Res latinae florent in Finnia&quot;&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 37, anno 1990, pp. 1-2.
* 1990: &quot;De templo Divae Sophiae&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 37, pp. 3-4 et p. 6. (una cum [[Francisca Deraedt]], cum supplemento quod est &quot;Schemata templi Divae Sophiae&quot; quae delineavit Corinna Licoppe, architecta))
* 1990: &quot;Quis fuerit Petrus Gyllius&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 37, anno 1990, p. 5.
* 1990: &quot;Fama fert&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 37, anno 1990, p. 7. (De Pierre Grimal)
* 1990: &quot;Quid novi autumno tempore&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 38, anno 1990, p. 1 et p. 14.
* 1990: &quot;De sermone qui nobis natus est (de abbé Grégoire)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 39, anno 1990, pp. 1-3.
=== anno 1991 ===
* 1991: &quot;De re et specie&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 40, anno 1991, pp. 1-2.
* 1991: &quot;De meditatione quadam aestiva&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 43, anno 1991, pp. 12.
* 1991: &quot;Via Orientalis&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 44, anno 1991, p. 1.
* 1991: &quot;Imprimis cur? ... Postea quomodo? &quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 45, anno 1991, pp. 1-2.

=== anno 1992 ===
* 1992: &quot;Amisso vinculo Latino, translationum ingens impedimentum in Communitate Europaea administranda possitne superari ordinatro&quot;, in farragine ''Symposium Latinum. De lingua latina vinculo Europae, anno 1991'', Bruxellis, edidit Institut Finlandais en France, 1992, p.37 ad 44.
* 1992: &quot;O Hierosolyma... &quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 46, anno 1992, pp. 1-2.
* 1992: &quot;De re institutoria in discrimine versanti&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 47, anno 1992, pp. 1-2 et p. 4.
* 1992: &quot;De Hispania Islamica, arabice vocata Al-Andalus&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 48, anno 1992, pp. 1-4.
* 1992: &quot;Latine communicare dedecet&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 49, anno 1992, pp. 1-2.
* 1992: &quot;De Hispania Islamica, Arabice vocata Al-Andalus&quot; (II)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 49, anno 1992, pp. 3-5.
* 1992: &quot;De incerto Europae ortu&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 50, anno 1992, pp. 1-2.
* 1992: &quot;Vicit veritas et vicet latius&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 51, anno 1992, p. 1.
* 1992: &quot;De Academia Lynceorum&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 51, anno 1992, pp. 2-4.
=== anno 1993 ===
* 1993: &quot;De nuntiis Latinis&quot; (Latinankielst uutiset), in ''Melissa'', n° 52, anno 1993, pp. 1-2.
* 1993: &quot;De Academia Lynceorum (III)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 52, anno 1993, pp. 3-5.
* 1993: &quot;De triplici aspectu Latinitatis hodiernae&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 53, anno 1993, pp. 1-2.
* 1993: &quot;De Academia Lynceorum (IV)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 53, anno 1993, pp. 3-5.
* 1993: &quot;De Academia Lynceorum (ultima pars)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 54, anno 1993, pp. 2-7.
* 1993: &quot;De fide servanda&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 55, anno 1993, pp. 1-2 et p. 16.
* 1993: &quot;De veritate colenda&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 56, anno 1993, pp. 1-2.
* 1993: &quot;Europalia 93. Mexico&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n) 56, anno 1993.
* 1993: &quot;De Ludis Horatianis Monacensibus&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 57, anno 1993, pp. 1-2.
* 1993: &quot;Europalia 93. Mexico&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 57, p. 5.
=== anno 1994 ===
* 1994: &quot;Domi despecta, foris clara... &quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 58, anno 1994, pp. 1-2.
* 1994: &quot;Europalia. De Aztecis (ultima pars)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 58, anno 1994, pp. 4-5.
* 1994: &quot;Quid novi Finni meditentur&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 58, anno 1994, p. 13.
* 1994: &quot;Melissa decem annos nata&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 59, anno 1994, pp. 1-3.
* 1994: &quot;Specialis numerus totus de Latinitate, qualis sit colenda variis sententiis exemplisque exhibitis&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 60, anno 1994, p. 1.
* 1994: &quot;De somno Europaeo&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 61, anno 1994, p. 2 et p. 16.
* 1994: &quot;De medicina ocularia&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 61, anno 1994, pp. 10-12.
* 1994: &quot;Crescite et multiplicamini&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 62, anno 1994, p. 2.
* 1994: &quot;De Latinitate Neapolitana ab Aloisio Miraglia sustenta&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 62, anno 1994, pp. 3-4
* 1994: &quot;Romani num convenerint Sinenses&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 62, pp. 7-12.
* 1994: &quot;De displosione demographica&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 63, pp. 2-4.
* 1994: ''Ambulatio Latina secundum litus Belgicum'', Bruxellis, Domus Editoria Melissa, 1994 (scripsit cum eo [[Andreas Flour]])
=== anno 1995 ===
* 1995: &quot;De nonnullis vulgaribus interrogatis&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 64, anno 1995, pp. 2-3.
* 1995: &quot;Cur nox sit nigra&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 64, anno 1995, pp. 5-7.
* 1995: &quot;De institutionis scholaris proposito&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 65, anno 1995, pp. 2-4 (de [[Schola nova]]).
* 1995: &quot;Per restaurationem ad Antiquitatis notitiam&quot;: &quot;De statuis aeneis , quae a 'Riace' nuncupantur&quot;, &quot;De nave Punica&quot;, &quot;De navibus Romanis Mogontiacensibus&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 65, anno 1995, pp. 4-6.
* 1995: &quot;De scholari institutione privata&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 66, anno 1995, pp. 2-3.
* 1995: &quot;De nave Sancti Didaci&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 66, anno 1995, pp. 3-6.
* 1995: &quot;Nunquam iterum... &quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 67, anno 1995, pp. 2-3.
* 1995: &quot;De nave Sancti Didaci&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 67, anno 1995, pp. 4-8.
* 1995: &quot;res publica qualis evaserit&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 68, anno 1995, p. 2.
* 1995: &quot;De nave Sancti Didaci (III)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 68, anno 1995, pp. 3-6.
* 1995: &quot;Recordatio aestiva. De coetu Hispanico&quot; (cum photographemate in quo videntur: Iosephus Maria sanctius Martinus et Augustinus Cano, legatus Regis Hispaniae), in ''Melissa'', n° 68, anno 1995, p. 16.
* 1995: &quot;In memoriam inclutam Professoris [[Euthymius Antonaros|Euthymii Antonaros]]&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 69, anno 1995, p. 2.
* 1995: &quot;de nave Sancti Didaci (IV)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 69, anno 1995, pp. 3-5.
* 1995: &quot;Mediaevalis aetas quomodo exemplum fuerit Europae&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 69, anno 1995, pp. 13-14.

=== anno 1996 ===
* 1996: &quot;De Latinitate viva quid sentiamus&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 70, anno 1996, pp. 2-3.
* 1996: &quot;Veterum litterae rationales cur et quando in modernas mutatae sint&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 70, anno 1996, pp. 4-5.
* 1996: &quot;Domus editoria Melissa novum librum Latinum proponit&quot; (''Mystagogus Lycius'', [[Wolfgangus Jenniges|Wolfgangi Jenniges]]), in ''Melissa'', n° 70, anno 1996, p. 15.
* 1996: &quot;Veterum litterae rationales cur et quando in modernas mutatae sint (II)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 71, anno 1996, pp. 4-5.
* 1996: &quot;Romanae rationales litterae unde sint oriundae&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 72, pp. 2-4.
* 1996: &quot;De rei institutoriae novissimis mutationibus&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 73, anno 1996, pp. 2-3.
* 1996: &quot;De execratione Babylonica&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 73, anno 1996, p. 3.
* 1996: &quot;De conventibus Latinis&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 74, anno 1996, pp. 2-3.
* 1996: &quot;De initiis Buddhismi in Iaponia&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 74, anno 1996, pp. 4-5.
* 1996: &quot;De Sidronio Hosschio expositio fit in publica bibliotheca Cortoriacensi&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 74, anno 1996, p. 6.
* 1996: &quot;Epistula ad consobrinos meos Americanos&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 75, anno 1996, pp. 2-3.
* 1996: &quot;Exemplum Latinitatis vivae&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 75, pp. 5-7.
=== anno 1997 ===
* 1997: &quot;De catapulta Sacomaria&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 76, anno 1997, pp. 5-7.
* 1997: &quot;De Novae Vallis incepto&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 77, anno 1997, pp. 4-5.
* 1997: &quot;India utrum sit longinqua an propinqua&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n) 78, anno 1997, pp. 2-3.
* 1997: &quot;De conventu Academiae Latinitati Fovendae cogitationes nonnullas&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 79, anno 1997, pp. 2-5.
* 1997: &quot;Pulcherrima expositio chartographica et tota Latina&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 79, p. 6.
* 1997: &quot;Technicae modernissimae Latinitati sunt usui&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 79, anno 1997, p. 7.
* 1997: &quot;Spectacula latina&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 79, anno 1997, p. 9.
* 1997: &quot;Conspectus acroasium principalium, quas in actis Academiae edendas aliquando legere poteritis&quot; (auctores sunt: [[Carolus Egger]], [[Birgerus Bergh]], [[Caelestis Eichenseer]], [[Caietanus Gantar]], [[Valahfridus Stroh]], [[Bohumila Mouchova]], [[Iohannes Orberg]], [[Aloisius Miraglia]], [[Thomas Pekkanen]], [[Milena Minkova]], [[Bruno Luiselli]], in ''Melissa'', n° 79, anno 1997, pp. 10-11.
* 1997: &quot;India num sit longinqua an propinqua (II)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 79, anno 1997, pp. 13-15.
* 1997: &quot;De theatro anatomico&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 80, anno 1997, pp. 5-7.
* 1997: &quot;De Erasmo iacenti&quot; ([[Vilhelmus van Best]], Roterodamus, misit photographema Erasmi miserabiliter iacentis), in ''Melissa'', n° 80, anno 1997, p. 7.
* 1997: &quot;Num Universum sit creatum an increatum&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 81, anno 1997, p. 2.
=== anno 1998 ===
* 1998: &quot;De consociatione 'Euroclassica' &quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 82, anno 1998, p. 2.
* 1998: &quot;Ver Latinum in Italia&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 84, anno 1998, pp. 2-6.
* 1998: &quot;Melissa in Americam advolavit&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 85, anno 1998, pp. 2-4.
* 1998: &quot;Inter eximios Latinitatis vivae fautores: Terentius et Guenevera Tunberg&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 85, anno 1998, pp. 7-8.
* 1998: &quot;De fetu in fetu&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 85, anno 1998, pp. 10-11.
* 1998: &quot;Quid sit S.A.L.V.I. &quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 85, anno 1998, p. 16.
* 1998: &quot;Recogitationes de anno Latinissimo&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 86, anno 1998, pp. 2-4.
* 1998: &quot;De Erasmi longissimo itinere&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 86, anno 1998, p. 16.
* 1998: &quot;Ridicula&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 86, anno 1998, p. 16.
* 1998: &quot;De utilitate scholae&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 87, anno 19998, p. 2.
=== anno 1999 ===
* 1999: &quot;De cultura&quot;, in ''Melissa'', anno 1999, n° 88, pp. 2-3.
* 1999: &quot;De gloria Alexandreae&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 89, pp. 2-3.
* 1999: &quot;De Guidone Gezelle poeta Flandro ante centum annos vita functo&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 89, pp. 4-6.
* 1999: &quot;De gloria Alexandreae (II)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 90, anno 1999, pp. 7-9.
* 1999: &quot;Finnia sola contra ceteras consociatas civitates Europae linguam Latinam officialiter promovet et adhibet&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 91, anno 1999, p. 2.
* 1999: &quot;De gloria Alexandreae (III)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 91, anno 1999, pp. 3-5.
* 1999: &quot;De aestate latina&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 92, anno 1999, pp. 2-4.
* 1999: &quot;Circa Domum Latinam ante decem annos conditam&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 93, anno 1999, p. 2.
=== anno 2000 ===
* 2000: &quot;Hic et nunc&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 94, anno 2000, p. 2.
* 2000: &quot;Docere adhuc oporteat&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 95, anno 2000, p. 2.
* 2000: &quot;De Mahumetanae architecturae originibus&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 95, anno 2000, pp. 6-8.
* 2000: &quot; 'In varietate concordia' sive de sententia symbolica Europaea&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 96, anno 2000, pp. 2-3.
* 2000: &quot;De Mahumetanae architecturae originibus (II)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 96, anno 2000, pp. 6-7.
* 2000: &quot;De novo itinere americano&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 97, anno 2000, pp. 2-3.
* 2000: &quot;De Mahumetanae architecturae originibus (III)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 97, pp. 6-7.
* 2000: &quot;De venenis brevis historia&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 97, anno 2000, pp. 14-15.
* 2000: &quot;De aestate Latinissima&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 98, anno 2000, pp. 2-3.
* 2000: &quot;De Mahumetanae architecturae originibus (IV)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 98, anno 2000, p. 4.
* 2000: &quot;De venenis brevis historia (II)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 98, anno 2000, pp. 12-13.
* 2000: &quot;De terroribus anni bismillesimi&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 99, anno 2000, p. 2.
* 2000: &quot;De Mahumetanae architecturae originibus (V)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 99, anno 2000, pp. 3-5.
* 2000: &quot;De venenis brevis historia (III°&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 99, pp. 10-12.
=== anno 2001 ===
* 2001: &quot;Allocutio Bruxellis in Domo Erasmiana die 17. m. feb. a. 2001 habita&quot; (Gratias imprimis ago Domino [[Alexander Vanautgaerden|Alexandro Vanautgaerden]], musei Domus Erasmianae Bruxellensi srenuissimo curatori... Celebramus hodie centesimum Melissae fasciculum in lucem editum. ... Gratias etiam ago [[Alaenus Divutius|Alaeno Van Dievoet]], qui numeratur inter Fundationis Melissae conditores atque Melissae transformationis fuit instigator. Per Alaenum Francisca egoque consuetudinem, amicitiam rationemque iungere potuimus cum Domus Erasmianae curatore), in ''Melissa'', n° 1000, anno 2001, p. 1.
* 2001: &quot;Quo vadis, institutio Latina?&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 101, anno 2001, p. 1.
* 2001: &quot;De venenis brevis historia (IV)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 101, anno 2001, pp. 2-4.
* 2001: &quot;Nova spes in Francogallia&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 103, anno 2001, pp. 1-2.
* 2001: &quot;De Mahumetanae architecturae originibus (VI)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 103, anno 2001, pp. 9-13.
* 2001: &quot;Discussio Occidentis conscientiae&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 105, anno 2001, pp. 1-2.

=== anno 2002 ===
* 2002: &quot;In memoriam inclytam Leopoldi Sedar Senghor&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 106, anno 2002, pp. 1-2.
* 2002: &quot;In memoriam amici nostri [[Rainardus Brune|Rainardi Brune]]&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 2002, anno 2002, p. 3.
* 2002: &quot;De mensura temporis&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 106, anno 2002, pp. 4-6.
* 2002: &quot;De pace&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 107, anno 20002, pp. 1-2.
* 2002: &quot;De mensura temporis. II &quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 107, anno 2002, pp. 3-6.
* 2002: &quot;De libro a discipulis confecto&quot; (discipuli Magistri Christiani Buyse in Instituto Sancti Petri Gandavi), in ''Melissa'', n°107, anno 2002, p. 14.
* 2002: &quot;Qualis Europa&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 108, anno 2002, 1-2.
* 2002: &quot;De pecuniae inventione&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 108, anno 2002, pp. 3-5.
* 2002: ''[https://archive.org/details/calepinusnovus2002 Calepinus novus]'' (una cum [[Francisca Deraedt]]), duo volumina, Bruxellis, 2002.
* 2002: &quot;Aestas latina&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 109, anno 2002, p. 1.
* 2002: &quot;De trapezitis argentariisque antiquis&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 109, anno 2002, pp. 12-14.
* 2002: &quot;De Academiae conventu&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 110, anno 2002, p. 1.
* 2002: &quot;De Sassanidarum imperio&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 110, anno 2002, pp. 2-6.
* 2002: &quot;De latina consociatione condenda&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 111, anno 2002, p. 1.
* 2002: &quot;De Sassanidarum imperio (II)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 111, anno 2002, pp. 9-11.

=== anno 2003 ===
* 2003: &quot;De Latino hymno Europaeo&quot;, quem composuit [[Thomas Pekkanen]], in ''Melissa&quot;, n° 112, anno 2003, p. 1.
* 2003: &quot;Res argentariae quales medio aevo fuerint&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 112, anno 2003, pp. 2-5.
* 2003: &quot;In memoriam&quot; ([[Basilius Hypeau|Basilii Hypeau]]), in ''Melissa'', n° 112, anno 2003, p. 15.
* 2003: &quot;Turcia qualis sit&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 113, anno 2003, pp. 1-2.
* 2003: &quot;Responsum ad amicum Americanum&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 114, anno 2003, p. 1.
* 2003: &quot;De renovata Brendani navigatione (I)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 114, anno 2003, pp. 10-11.
* 2003: &quot;Recordatio aestiva&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 115, anno 2003, p. 2.
* 2003: &quot;De renovata Brendani navigatione (II)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 115, anno 2003, pp. 3-5.
* 2003: &quot;De miro per aera vehendi modo (I)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 115, anno 2003, pp. 15-16.
* 2003: &quot;De renovata Brendani navigatione (III)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 116, anno 2003, pp. 2-4.
* 2003: &quot;De miro per aera vehendi modo (II)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 116, anno 2003, pp. 14-15.
* 2003: &quot;Inaestimabilis libertas&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 117, anno 2003, p. 1.
* 2003: &quot;De miro per aera vehendi modo (III)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 117, anno 2003, pp. 14-16.
* 2003 : ''De civilitate morum puerilium'', una cum [[Francisca Deraedt]], Bruxellis, in Domo Erasmiana, 2003.
* 2003 : ''Le latin et le politique : les avatars du latin à travers les âges'', Bruxellis : Musée de la Maison d'Erasme, 2003.

=== anno 2004 ===
* 2004: &quot;Circa hymnum Europaeum&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 118, anno 2004, p. 1.
* 2004: &quot;De miro per aera vehendi modo (IV)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 118, anno 2004, pp. 7-9.
* 2004: &quot;Quid velet velum&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 119, anno 2004, pp. 1-2.
* 2004: &quot;De miro per aera vehendi modo (V)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 119, anno 2004, pp. 10-13.
* 2004: &quot;De praehistoriae cunabulis&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 120, anno 2004, pp. 1-3.
* 2004: &quot;De novis libris a Melissa et Museo Erasmi modo in lucem editis&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 120, anno 2004, pp. 13-16. (pertinet ad translationem ''Fragrantiae'' Patricii Süskind latine redditae a [[Nicolaus Gross|Nicolao Gross]] et ad ''Glossarium Fragrantiae'' eiusdem auctoris)
* 2004: &quot;Symposii meditatio&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 121, anno 2004, pp. 1-3.
* 2004: &quot;De Bibliis Hebraicis controversia (II)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 121, anno 2004, pp. 11-13.
* 2004: &quot;Iam ante viginti annos... &quot; (in lucem editus est primus Melissae fasciculus.), in ''Melissa'', n° 122, anno 2004, p. 1.
* 2004: &quot;De Bibliis Hebraicis controversia (III)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 122, anno 2004, pp. 14-15.
* 2004: &quot;Europa et America&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 123, anno 2004, p. 1.
* 2004: &quot;De Bibliis Hebraicis controversia (IV)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 123, anno 2004, pp. 12-13.
* 2004 : ''Vocabulaire latin d'aujourd'hui'', una cum [[Francisca Deraedt]], Bruxellis : Fundatio Melissa et Maison d'Erasme, 2004.

=== anno 2005 ===
* 2005: &quot;Europa et America&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 124, anno 2005, p. 1.
* 2005: &quot;De neodarvinismo num dogmatismus adhuc vigeat&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 124, anno 2005, pp. 12-13.
* 2005: &quot;[[Domus Latina]] munere functa&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 124, anno 2005, p. 16.
* 2005: &quot;Salve barbaries!&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 125, anno 2005, pp. 1-2.
* 2005: &quot;Quid rari agatur in collegio Sancti Michaelis&quot; (in oppido Kapelle, ubi docet [[Christianus Laes]]), in ''Melissa'', n° 125, anno 2005, p. 3.
* 2005: &quot;De Academia Latinitati Fovendae&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 126, anno 2005, pp. 1-2.
* 2005: &quot;De Latinitate Orientali&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 126, anno 2005, pp. 3-5.
* 2005: &quot;Normannorum vestigiis ingredientes...&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 127, anno 2005, pp. 1-2.
* 2005: &quot;De Horatii villa&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 127, anno 2005, pp. 3-6.
* 2005: &quot;De Latinitate Orientali (II)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 127, anno 2005, pp. 11-13.
* 2005: &quot;De Mahabharata nonnulla&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 128, anno 2005, pp. 1-3.
* 2005: &quot;De Latinitate Orientali (III)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 128, anno 2005, pp. 12-15.
* 2005: &quot;Europalis Russiae&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 129, anno 2005, pp. 1-3.
* 2005: &quot;In memoriam inclytam [[Iohannes Claudius Champeau|Iohannis Claudii Alexandri Champeau]]&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 129, anno 2005, p. 3.
* 2005: &quot;De [[Schola Nova]] ante decem annos condita&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 129, anno 2005, p. 4.
* 2005: &quot;De Latinitate Orientali (IV)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 129, anno 2005, pp. 10-11.
* 2005: &quot;De ludis aeriis&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 129, anno 2005, p. 15.

=== anno 2006 ===
* 2006: &quot;De villa Hadriana (I)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 130, anno 2006, pp. 1-4.
* 2006: &quot;De Deo capto&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 131, anno 2006, pp. 1-2.
* 2006: &quot;De villa Hadriana (II)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 131, anno 2006, pp. 3-5.
* 2006: &quot;De climatis mutatione&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 132, anno 2006, pp. 1-2.
* 2006: &quot;De equitum ortu ac facinoribus&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 132, anno 2006, pp. 3-7.
* 2006: &quot;Adulescentes Russi et Belgae Latine conveniunt&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 132, anno 2006, p. 16.
* 2006: &quot;De hornotino symposio Bruxellensi auspiciis Academiae Latinitati Fovendae habito&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 133, anno 2006, p. 1.
* 2006: &quot;De XI conventu Academiae Latinitati Fovendae&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 133, anno 206, pp. 2--3.
* 2006: &quot;Ante quinquaginta annos... &quot; (de Conventu Avennionensi), in ''Melissa'', n° 134, anno 2006, p. 1.
* 2006: &quot;Cedant armi intelligentiae&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 135, anno 2006, pp. 1-2.

=== anno 2007 ===
* 2007: &quot;De reditu ad Medium Aevum&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 136, anno 2007, pp. 1-2.
* 2007: &quot;De ruina cuiusdam societatis humanae&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 137, anno 2007, pp. 1-2.
* 2007: &quot;De libello ab Academia pacto&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 138, anno 2007, p. 1.
* 2007: &quot;De Ara Pacis Augustae&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 138, anno 2007, pp. 4-8.
* 2007: &quot;De quodam tristi die natali&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 139, anno 2007, pp. 1-2.
* 2007: &quot;De fortuna perditorum Vikingorum&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 139, anno 2007, pp. 3-7.
* 2007: &quot;De conventu Neapolitano&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 139, anno 2007, p. 14.
* 2007: &quot;De humanitate et humanismo&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 140, anno 2007, pp. 1-2.
* 2007: &quot;De Celso auctore christianis infesto&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 140, anno 2007, pp. 13-15.
* 2007: &quot;De Instituto Papyrologico Leodiensi 'CEDOPAL' &quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 140, anno 2007, p.16.
* 2007: &quot;[[Andreas Flour]] nonagenarius&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 140, anno 2007, p. 16.
* 2007: &quot;Delectationis causa&quot;, in ''[[Melissa]]'', n° 141, anno 2007, pp. 1-2.
* 2007: &quot;De quarto regno hellenistico, pars prima: in vestigiis Alexandre Magni&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 141, anno 2007, pp. 5-9.

=== anno 2008 ===
* 2008: &quot;Europalia, farrago Europaea&quot;, in ''[[Melissa]]'', n° 142, anno 2008, n° 142, p. 1.
* 2008: &quot;De quarto regno Hellenistico, pars secunda: de nova Graecia sub Paropaniso&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 142, anno 2008, pp. 7-10.
* 2008: &quot;In memoriam inclytam Dris Caelestis Eichenseer&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 143, anno 2008, pp. 1-5
* 2008: &quot;De quarto regno Hellenistico. Pars tertia: De Graecitate Buddhismo occursante&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 143, anno 2008, pp. 8-10.
* 2008: &quot;In memoriam inclytam Professoris [[Christianus Helfer|Christiani Helfer]]&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 144, anno 2008, p. 1.
* 2008: &quot;De Constantinopoli&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 144, anno 2008, pp. 3-12.
* 2008: &quot;De caeli condicionis mutatione sive de mutatione climatis, sensu neoterico huius vovabuli, qui in occidentalibus linguis modernis adhiberi solet&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 145, anno 2008, p. 1.
* 2008: &quot;De seminariis Hungaricis&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 145, anno 2008, p. 2.
* 2008: &quot;De timoribus&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 146, anno 2008, pp. 1-2.
* 2008: &quot;De fame mundo imminente&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 147, anno 2008, pp. 1-2.

=== anno 2009 ===
* 2009: &quot;De bonis consumendis&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 148, anno 2009, p. 1.
* 2009: &quot;De Romano Imperio Orientali (I)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 148, anno 2009, pp. 8-13.
* 2009: &quot;De Romano Imperio Orientali (II). Quinto saeculo clades fere tota&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 149, anno 2009, pp. 5-8.
* 2009: &quot;De Romano Imperio Orientali (III). Transitus ad Medium Aevum.&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 150, anno 2009, pp. 14-15.
* 2009: &quot;Ante decem circiter milia annorum&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 151, anno 2009, pp. 1-2.
* 2009: &quot;De Romano imperio orientali (IV). Seditiones religiosae quinti saeculi&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 151, anno 2009, pp. 9-10.
* 2009: &quot;De Academiae Latinitati Fovendae conventu (15-19 m. sept. a. 2009)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 152, anno 2009, p. 1.
* 2009: &quot;De Romano imperio orientali (V). Ruina Occidentis&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 152, anno 2009, pp. 10-13.
* 2009: ''De Portu Itio et Caesaris navigationibus in Britanniam'', Bruxellis, ed. Melissa, 2009, 64 pp.
* 2009: &quot;Originalis peccati genetica explicatio&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 153, anno 2009, pp. 1-3.
* 2009: &quot;Arminii victoria, clades cultus civilis? &quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 153, anno 2009, pp. 6-8.
* 2009: &quot;De Romano imperio orientali (VI). Occidentis desiderium&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 153, anno 2009, pp. 11-14.

=== anno 2010 ===
* 2010: &quot;De usu linguae Latinae&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 154, anno 2010, p. 1.
* 2010: &quot;De Romano imperio orientali (VII). Verus Antiquitatis finis&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 154, anno 2010, pp. 12-14.
* 2010: &quot;De die feminae dicato&quot;, in ''Melissa'', anno 2010, n° 155, anno 2010, p. 1.
* 2010: &quot;De Romano imperio orientali (VIII). Primum bellum reliogosum&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 155, anno 2010, pp. 12-15.
* 2010: &quot;De Arelate duplici&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 156, anno 2010, pp. 1-2.
* 2010: &quot;De Romano imperio orientali (IX). Islam oritur&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 156, anno 2010, pp. 5-8.
* 2010: &quot;De Conventu Romano&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 157, anno 2010, pp. 1-3.
* 2010: &quot;De nanomachinis&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 157, anno 2010, pp. 4-5.
* 2010: &quot;De Romano imperio orientali (X). Romae protector mutatur&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 157, anno 2010, pp. 10-13.
* 2010: &quot;De Romano imperio orientali (XI). Initium secessionis&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 158, anno 2010, pp. 13-15.
* 2010: &quot;De Romano imperio Orientali (XII). Odium crescit inter Orientem et Occidentem&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 159, anno 2010, pp. 13-16.

=== anno 2011 ===
* 2011: &quot;De certitudinis fine&quot; in ''[[Melissa]]'', n° 160, anno 2011, pp. 1-2.
* 2011: &quot;De Romano imperio orientali (XIII). Fastigium imperii Byzantini&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 160, anno 2011, pp. 14-15.
* 2011: &quot;De Romano imperio orientali (XIV). Magnum schisma orientis&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 161, anno 2011, pp. 11-13.
* 2011: &quot;De Romano imperio orientali (XV). Adveniunt crucigeri&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 162, Bruxellis, 2011, pp.11-14.
* 2011: &quot;Reditus Athenas&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 162, Bruxellis, 2011, pp. 1-3.
* 2011: &quot;De Romano imperio orientali (XVI). Ultimus imperii splendor&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 163, Bruxellis, 2011, pp. 10-13.
* 2011: &quot;De Romano imperio orientali (XVII). Clades irreparabilis&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 164, Bruxellis, 2011, pp.13-15.
* 2011: &quot;De Romano imperio orientali (XVIII). Calamitosus exitus&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 165, Bruxellis, 2011, pp.15-16.
=== anno 2012 ===
* 2012 : &quot;Spes nova in Academia Romana. Ad lectorem&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 166, Bruxellis, 2012, pp. 1-2.
* 2012 : &quot;De rebus colonicis&quot;, in ''Melissa&quot;, n° 166, Bruxellis, 2012, pp. 11-14.
* 2012 : &quot;Terra Brasilis&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 167, Bruxellis, 2012, pp. 1-4.
* 2012 : &quot;De machina Anticytherorum sive de antiquorum Graecorum computatro mechanico&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 168, Bruxellis, 2012, pp. 1-3.
* 2012 : &quot;ΤΗΛΕ&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 169, Bruxellis, 2012, p. 1.
* 2012 : &quot;De immenso caelo (ante nostri aevi initium)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 169, Bruxellis, 2012, pp. 12-15.
* 2012 : &quot; De immenso caelo (II) (Ab initio nostri aevi - 1543 : Ptolemaeus - Copernicus) &quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 170, Bruxellis, 2012, pp. 7-9.
* 2012 : &quot; De immenso caelo (III) (VIII-XV saec. : Astronomia in orbe Mahumetano) &quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 171, Bruxellis, 2012, pp. 8-13 (cum compendio Almagesti, pp. 11-13).
=== anno 2013 ===
* 2013 : &quot;Abies 'electronicus' &quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 172, Bruxellis, 2013, p. 1 (una cum [[Francisca Deraedt]]).
* 2013 : &quot;Unio Europaea praemio Nobeliano honestata&quot;, in : ''Melissa'', n° 172, Bruxellis, 2013, pp. 2-3.
* 2013 : &quot; De immenso caelo (IV) (1543-1630 : Tycho Brahe, Iohannes Kepler) &quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 172, Bruxellis, 2013, pp. 7-10.
* 2013 : &quot; Num liceat prave scribere &quot;, in : ''Melissa'', n° 173, Bruxellis, 2013, p. 1.
* 2013 : &quot; De immenso caelo (V) (1604-1642 : Galileus Galileus) &quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 173, Bruxellis, 2013, pp. 5-7 (cum textu originali abiurationis Galilei, p. 7).
* 2013 : &quot;Deceptus gymnasio&quot;, in : ''Melissa'', n° 174, Bruxellis, 2013, p.1.
* 2013 : &quot;De immenso caelo (VI) (1642-1742 : Huygens, Cassini, Newton, Halley)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 174, Bruxellis, 2013, pp. 6-9.
* 2013 : &quot;De terribili quadam coniuratione&quot;, in : ''Melissa'', n° 175, Bruxellis, 2013, p. 1.
* 2013 : &quot;De immenso caelo (VII) (1742-1860 : Bradley, [[Gulielmus Herschel|Herschel]], [[Petrus Simon Laplace|Laplace]], [[Iosephus de Fraunhofer|Von Fraunhofer]], Kirchhoff&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 175, Bruxellis, 2013, pp. 7-10.
* 2013 : &quot;XXX annis ante nascebatur circulus latinus Belgicus&quot;, in : ''Melissa'', n° 176, Bruxellis, 2013, p. 1.
* 2013 : &quot;In hoc signo vinces&quot;, in : ''Melissa'', n° 176, Bruxellis, 2013, pp. 8-11.
* 2013 : &quot;De immenso caelo (VIII) (1801-1967)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 176, Bruxellis, 2013, pp. 12-15.
* 2013 : &quot;De hodierno latinitatis vivae statu&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 177, Bruxellis, 2013, pp. 1-2.
* 2013 : &quot;De immenso caelo (IX)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 177, Bruxellis, 2013, p. 11-14.
* 2013 : ''De Romano Imperio orientali - verae historiae conspectus'', Bruxellis, 2013.

=== anno 2014 ===
* 2014 : &quot;De Hierosolymitano nosocomio Ordinis Hospitalis&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 178, Bruxellis, 2014, pp. 5-7. (Fons huius symbolae est scriptio in fasciculo n. 14 periodici ''Société de l'histoire et du patrimoine de l'Ordre de Malte'' in quo Alanus Beltjens symbolam de hoc nosocomio conscripsit).

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

{{Lifetime|1931||Licoppe, Gaius}}
[[Categoria:Auctores Latini hodierni]]
[[Categoria:Participes primi Seminarii latinitatis vivae Vestendensis]]
[[Categoria:Radiologi]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Belgicae]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Melissae]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Vocis Latinae]]
[[Categoria:Socii Academiae Latinitati Fovendae]]
[[Categoria:Nati 1931]]
[[Categoria:Mortui 2026]]</text>
      <sha1>h27ung6x9jbvk7tp97a8h0lkiurhlvw</sha1>
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'''Gaius Licoppe''' (natus ''Guy Licoppe'' in [[Belgica]] die [[27 Iunii]] [[1931]], mortuus [[10 Octobris]] [[2026]]), [[medicus]] [[radiologia|radiologicus]] natione Belga, instituit primum ex anno [[1983]] Seminaria Latinitatis Vivae [[Vestenda]]e in maritima [[Belgae|Belgarum]] [[urbs|urbe]], et nunc Symposia Latina moderatur.

== Eius actuositates ==
Edit etiam ab anno 1984 Bruxellis commentarios Latinos quibus titulus ''[[Melissa]]'' et quorum compositrix est [[Francisca Deraedt]]. Indefessus fautor est [[lingua Latina|linguae Latinae]] renascendae et revivificandae.

== [[Domus Latina]] Bruxellis ab eo conditur ==
Die [[16 Decembris]] anno 1989, in urbe Bruxellarum ab eo condita est [[Domus Latina]] ad quam solent latinizantes tam Americani quam Belgae aliarumque nationum cives adire ad usum Latinae linguae iucunde et hilariter exercendum.

== Carmen in eius honorem ==
In honorem Gai Licoppe, [[Alaenus Divutius]] poeta pepigit hoc carmen.&lt;ref&gt;Vide: ''Melissa'', n° 107, anno 2002, p. 15.&lt;/ref&gt;

 AD GAIUM LICOPPE,
 LATINITATIS VIVAE DEFENSOREM ET PROPAGATOREM.
 
 Ars longa est, dicunt medici, sed vita brevis lux,
 sic via longa quoque est usque ad Latium redivivum :
 tu medicus bene scis teque ars perlonga iuvabit,
 iampridem linguam qui sanes semisepultam,
 nec via longa tibi gravis, indefesse viator,
 qui multos homines, multas urbesque latino
 ore loquens nosti, prae te vexilla latina
 gestans pacifice per terras undique sparsas.
 Tuque gregis nostri, patrone et optime ductor,
 perge diu nobis constanti mente favere
 atque animo forti Latii defendere linguam,
 ne misere pereat quondam regina triumphans.
 Perge etiam calamo docto varioque docere
 lectores, carpens passim nova mella Melissae.
 Sic eris usque quod es, fortis, bonus atque fidelis,
 fundator solidus, constructor et aedificator,
 omnibus attentus, semper quoque firmus amicus,
 ni nimis est, etiam cum te pituita molestat !

== Index omnium scriptorum Gai Licoppe in ordine chronologico redactorum. ==
=== anno 1976 ===
* 1976 - 1977 : ''Diarium nauticum. Iter circum mare Tyrrhenum'', Scriptum a Gaio et delineatum a [[Corinna Licoppe]], anno 1976, editum opusculum mense septembri anno 1977. Sunt decem exemplaria numero notata. Duorum primorum involucrum exornatum est charta picta a Margarita Licoppe.
=== anno 1980 ===
* 1980: &quot;De vera natura [[garum|gari]]&quot;, in commentariis quibus titulus ''Vox Latina'', Saraviponti, tomus 16, fasc. 60, 1980, p.182 ad 183.
=== anno 1984 ===
* 1984: &quot;Ad lectores&quot;, ''[[Melissa]]'', 1, 1984, p.1.
* 1984: &quot;Andreas Robbe mortuus&quot;, ''Melissa'', 1, 1984, p. 3.
* 1984: &quot;Inter eximios latinitatis vivae fautores : Antoninus Immè&quot;, ''Melissa'', 2, 1984, pp. 4-5.
* 1984: &quot;In vestigiis peregrinationis Compostellanae&quot;, ''Melissa'', 3, 1984, pp. 1-3.
* 1984: &quot;Inter eximios latinitatis vivae fautores : Genovefa Immè&quot;, Melissa, 1984, 3, pp. 4-5.

=== anno 1985 ===
* 1985: ''Lustratio litoris Belgici'', editio prima, Vestendae, 1985.
* 1985: &quot;Cur latine sileant undae&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 6, anno 1985, p.1 et p. 12.
* 1985: &quot;Ludi latini Augustiani quam mirifici fuerint&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 7, 1985, pp. 1-2.
* 1985: &quot;Domus editoria ELI quid latini divulget&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 7, anno 1985, pp. 8-9.
* 1985: &quot;Fundatio Melissa cur condita sit&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 8, anno 1985, p. 1 et p.9.
* 1985: &quot;[[Paulus Elsen]] mystagogus&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 8, anno 1985, p. 8.
* 1985: &quot;Novissima inventa technica etiam emolumento sunt latinitati vivae&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 9, anno 1985, p. 1.

=== anno 1986 ===
* 1986: &quot;Notior popularibus nostris fiat latinitas viva&quot;, ''Melissa'', n° 10, 1986.
* 1986: &quot;Academia linguae litterisque latinis fovendis quid profuerit Latinitati vivae&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 11, anno 1986, pp. 1-2.
* 1986: &quot;De nuperrima Mediolanensi scintilla latina&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 12, anno 1986, p. 1.
* 1986: &quot;Abhinc annis triginta...De latinitatis vivae motionis ortu&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 13, anno 1986, pp. 1-2 et p. 10.
* 1986: &quot;Quid de lingua Islandica scitu dignum sit&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 13, anno 1986, pp. 5-6.
* 1986: &quot;Fundationi Melissae cur adiugendi sint adsocii&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 14, anno 1986, pp. 1-2.
* 1986: &quot;De quodam oblectamento inexpectato&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 13, anno 1986, p. 6.
* 1986: &quot;Lustratio Iprensis&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 14, anno 1986, p. 4.
* 1986: &quot;De latinitatis vivae motionis ortu II&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 14, anno 1986, pp. 12-13.
* 1986: &quot;Ludi latini Frisingensis MCMLXXXVI&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 15, anno 1986, pp. 1-5.
* 1986: &quot;Consumatum est&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 15, anno 1986, p. 16.
=== anno 1987 ===
* 1987: &quot;De pronuntiatu latino&quot; in ''Melissa'', n° 16, anno 1987, p. 3.
* 1987: &quot;Latina acroasis in sede Communitatis Europaeae&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 17, pp. 1-2.
* 1987: De colloquio Wegimontano II quot capita, tot sensus... &quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 18, anno 1987, pp. 1-2.
* 1987: &quot;De Hornotino consessu Academiae linguae litterisque latinis fovendis&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 18, anno 1987, pp. 3 et 10. (Dialogus Gai Licoppe cum monacho Eichenseer).
* 1987: &quot;Cur Latine discamus hodie... &quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 19, anno 1987, p. 1, p. 2, et p. 7.
* 1987: &quot;De aestate Latina&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 20, anno 1987, p.1 et p. 13.
* 1987: &quot;De symposio Saravipontano, paucissimis... &quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 20, anno 1987, p. 3, p. 13, p. 16.
* 1987: &quot;Exemplo et aemulatione necnon perseverantia. I. De conventu Romano. II De conventu Argentoratensi (sive Strateburgensi). III De sessione communi Meldis habita&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 21, anno 1987, pp. 1-4.
* 1987: &quot;Oportet iterum vigeat et floreat in Europa studium linguae Latinae. (Oratio, Saturni die 31° m. Oct. a° 1987, Romae, 4 h 1/2 habita)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 21, anno 1987, pp. 13-14.
=== anno 1988 ===
* 1988: &quot;De terminologia medica temporibus posthumanisticis aucta&quot;, in farragine c. t. ''Symposium Latinitatis posthumanisticae'', Saraviponti, 1988, p. 39 ad 45.
* 1988: &quot;Gratias maximas... &quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 22, anno 1988, pp. 1-2.
* 1988: &quot;In memoriam [[Albertus Grisart|Alberti Grisart]]&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 22, anno 1988, pp. 2-3.
* 1988: &quot;De Graecia salentina&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 22, anno 1988, pp. 6-7. (Scripserunt una Gaius Licoppe et [[Iohannes Albertus Moreno Tortuero]]).
* 1988: &quot;De scopis nostris patefaciendis&quot;, in ''Meliss'', n° 23, anno 1988, pp. 12.
* 1988: &quot;Spes nova in Academia Romana&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 24, anno 1988, p. 1 et p. 3.
* 1988: &quot;Quid Latini in Scandinavia&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 25, anno 1988, p. 1.
* 1988: &quot;De percutanea transluminali angioplastica&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 25, anno 1988, pp. 6-7.
* 1988: &quot;De Caesarum vitreis Coloniae Agrippinae expositis&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 25, anno 1988, p. 7.
* 1988: &quot;Quo stultius..., eo fortius&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 26, anno 1988, pp. 1-2.
* 1988: &quot;Inter eximios latinitatis vivae fautores: Euthymius B. Antonaros&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 26, anno 1988, pp. 5-6.
* 1988: &quot;In memoriam Antonini Immé&quot;, in &quot;''Melissa'', n° 26, anno 1988, p. 11 (moderatores)
* 1988: &quot;De rationibus nostris dispungendis&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 27, anno 1988, p. 1 et p. 3.
=== anno 1989 ===
* 1989: &quot;Nunc temporis cur discenda sit lingua latina&quot;, in fasciculo c. t. Latine sapere, agere, loqui, Saraviponti, 1989, p. 185 ad 191.
* 1989: &quot;De 'Thesibus vesontinis' renovatis&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 28, anno 1989, p. 1, p. 2, p. 15.
* 1989: &quot;De educatione occidentali in summo discrimine versanti&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 29, anno 1989, p. 1.
* 1989: &quot;Undique spes novae... &quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 30, anno 1989, p. 1.
* 1989: &quot;Recordationes aestivae&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 31, anno 1989, p. 1 et p. 15.
* 1989: &quot;De nonnullis quaestionibus oecologicis&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 31, anno 1989, pp. 11-12.
* 1989: &quot;Iaponia in Belgio&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 32, anno 1989, pp. 1-3.
* 1989: &quot;Radiophonia latina ex Finnia&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 32, anno 1989, p. 10.
* 1989: &quot;[[Andreas Flour|Andreae Flour]], benevolo lectori, melissa respondet&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 32, anno 1989, p. 13.
* 1989: &quot;In hoc multizonio Bruxellensi [[Domus Latina]] inaugurata est&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 33, anno 1989, p. 1.
* 1989: &quot;Europalia 89. Iaponia in Belgio: circa artem 'Namban' &quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 33, anno 1989, pp. 2-6.
* 1989: &quot;Fundationis Melissae novissimus liber: Fabula ficta cui titulus 'Ubi sunt ? ', ([[Christianus Verbist]] est auctor)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 33, anno 1989, p. 11.
* 1989: &quot;De Domo Latina die 16 m. decembris Bruxellis inaugurata&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 33, p.16.
* 1989: &quot;Uter verum dixerit... Epistola professoris Iohannis Irmscher Berolinensis Orientalis et responsio Melissae&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 33, anno 1989, p. 16.
* 1989 : ''Pourquoi le latin aujourd'hui ? : (Cur adhuc discenda sit lingua Latina)'', s.l., 1989.

=== anno 1990 ===
* 1990: &quot;Conventus Consociationis Palaeophilologorum Germanorum&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 34, anno 1990, p. 1.
* 1990: &quot;Europalia 89. Iaponia in Belgio: circa expositionem 'Oranda' &quot;, in ''Melisa'', n° 34, anno 1990, pp. 2-5.
* 1990: &quot;De 'Vita Latina' deducta&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 35, anno 1990, p. 1.
* 1990: &quot;De officina latina Hammaburgi habita&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 36, anno 1990, pp. 1-4.
* 1990: &quot;Res latinae florent in Finnia&quot;&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 37, anno 1990, pp. 1-2.
* 1990: &quot;De templo Divae Sophiae&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 37, pp. 3-4 et p. 6. (una cum [[Francisca Deraedt]], cum supplemento quod est &quot;Schemata templi Divae Sophiae&quot; quae delineavit Corinna Licoppe, architecta))
* 1990: &quot;Quis fuerit Petrus Gyllius&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 37, anno 1990, p. 5.
* 1990: &quot;Fama fert&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 37, anno 1990, p. 7. (De Pierre Grimal)
* 1990: &quot;Quid novi autumno tempore&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 38, anno 1990, p. 1 et p. 14.
* 1990: &quot;De sermone qui nobis natus est (de abbé Grégoire)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 39, anno 1990, pp. 1-3.
=== anno 1991 ===
* 1991: &quot;De re et specie&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 40, anno 1991, pp. 1-2.
* 1991: &quot;De meditatione quadam aestiva&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 43, anno 1991, pp. 12.
* 1991: &quot;Via Orientalis&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 44, anno 1991, p. 1.
* 1991: &quot;Imprimis cur? ... Postea quomodo? &quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 45, anno 1991, pp. 1-2.

=== anno 1992 ===
* 1992: &quot;Amisso vinculo Latino, translationum ingens impedimentum in Communitate Europaea administranda possitne superari ordinatro&quot;, in farragine ''Symposium Latinum. De lingua latina vinculo Europae, anno 1991'', Bruxellis, edidit Institut Finlandais en France, 1992, p.37 ad 44.
* 1992: &quot;O Hierosolyma... &quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 46, anno 1992, pp. 1-2.
* 1992: &quot;De re institutoria in discrimine versanti&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 47, anno 1992, pp. 1-2 et p. 4.
* 1992: &quot;De Hispania Islamica, arabice vocata Al-Andalus&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 48, anno 1992, pp. 1-4.
* 1992: &quot;Latine communicare dedecet&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 49, anno 1992, pp. 1-2.
* 1992: &quot;De Hispania Islamica, Arabice vocata Al-Andalus&quot; (II)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 49, anno 1992, pp. 3-5.
* 1992: &quot;De incerto Europae ortu&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 50, anno 1992, pp. 1-2.
* 1992: &quot;Vicit veritas et vicet latius&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 51, anno 1992, p. 1.
* 1992: &quot;De Academia Lynceorum&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 51, anno 1992, pp. 2-4.
=== anno 1993 ===
* 1993: &quot;De nuntiis Latinis&quot; (Latinankielst uutiset), in ''Melissa'', n° 52, anno 1993, pp. 1-2.
* 1993: &quot;De Academia Lynceorum (III)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 52, anno 1993, pp. 3-5.
* 1993: &quot;De triplici aspectu Latinitatis hodiernae&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 53, anno 1993, pp. 1-2.
* 1993: &quot;De Academia Lynceorum (IV)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 53, anno 1993, pp. 3-5.
* 1993: &quot;De Academia Lynceorum (ultima pars)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 54, anno 1993, pp. 2-7.
* 1993: &quot;De fide servanda&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 55, anno 1993, pp. 1-2 et p. 16.
* 1993: &quot;De veritate colenda&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 56, anno 1993, pp. 1-2.
* 1993: &quot;Europalia 93. Mexico&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n) 56, anno 1993.
* 1993: &quot;De Ludis Horatianis Monacensibus&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 57, anno 1993, pp. 1-2.
* 1993: &quot;Europalia 93. Mexico&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 57, p. 5.
=== anno 1994 ===
* 1994: &quot;Domi despecta, foris clara... &quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 58, anno 1994, pp. 1-2.
* 1994: &quot;Europalia. De Aztecis (ultima pars)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 58, anno 1994, pp. 4-5.
* 1994: &quot;Quid novi Finni meditentur&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 58, anno 1994, p. 13.
* 1994: &quot;Melissa decem annos nata&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 59, anno 1994, pp. 1-3.
* 1994: &quot;Specialis numerus totus de Latinitate, qualis sit colenda variis sententiis exemplisque exhibitis&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 60, anno 1994, p. 1.
* 1994: &quot;De somno Europaeo&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 61, anno 1994, p. 2 et p. 16.
* 1994: &quot;De medicina ocularia&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 61, anno 1994, pp. 10-12.
* 1994: &quot;Crescite et multiplicamini&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 62, anno 1994, p. 2.
* 1994: &quot;De Latinitate Neapolitana ab Aloisio Miraglia sustenta&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 62, anno 1994, pp. 3-4
* 1994: &quot;Romani num convenerint Sinenses&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 62, pp. 7-12.
* 1994: &quot;De displosione demographica&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 63, pp. 2-4.
* 1994: ''Ambulatio Latina secundum litus Belgicum'', Bruxellis, Domus Editoria Melissa, 1994 (scripsit cum eo [[Andreas Flour]])
=== anno 1995 ===
* 1995: &quot;De nonnullis vulgaribus interrogatis&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 64, anno 1995, pp. 2-3.
* 1995: &quot;Cur nox sit nigra&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 64, anno 1995, pp. 5-7.
* 1995: &quot;De institutionis scholaris proposito&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 65, anno 1995, pp. 2-4 (de [[Schola nova]]).
* 1995: &quot;Per restaurationem ad Antiquitatis notitiam&quot;: &quot;De statuis aeneis , quae a 'Riace' nuncupantur&quot;, &quot;De nave Punica&quot;, &quot;De navibus Romanis Mogontiacensibus&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 65, anno 1995, pp. 4-6.
* 1995: &quot;De scholari institutione privata&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 66, anno 1995, pp. 2-3.
* 1995: &quot;De nave Sancti Didaci&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 66, anno 1995, pp. 3-6.
* 1995: &quot;Nunquam iterum... &quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 67, anno 1995, pp. 2-3.
* 1995: &quot;De nave Sancti Didaci&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 67, anno 1995, pp. 4-8.
* 1995: &quot;res publica qualis evaserit&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 68, anno 1995, p. 2.
* 1995: &quot;De nave Sancti Didaci (III)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 68, anno 1995, pp. 3-6.
* 1995: &quot;Recordatio aestiva. De coetu Hispanico&quot; (cum photographemate in quo videntur: Iosephus Maria sanctius Martinus et Augustinus Cano, legatus Regis Hispaniae), in ''Melissa'', n° 68, anno 1995, p. 16.
* 1995: &quot;In memoriam inclutam Professoris [[Euthymius Antonaros|Euthymii Antonaros]]&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 69, anno 1995, p. 2.
* 1995: &quot;de nave Sancti Didaci (IV)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 69, anno 1995, pp. 3-5.
* 1995: &quot;Mediaevalis aetas quomodo exemplum fuerit Europae&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 69, anno 1995, pp. 13-14.

=== anno 1996 ===
* 1996: &quot;De Latinitate viva quid sentiamus&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 70, anno 1996, pp. 2-3.
* 1996: &quot;Veterum litterae rationales cur et quando in modernas mutatae sint&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 70, anno 1996, pp. 4-5.
* 1996: &quot;Domus editoria Melissa novum librum Latinum proponit&quot; (''Mystagogus Lycius'', [[Wolfgangus Jenniges|Wolfgangi Jenniges]]), in ''Melissa'', n° 70, anno 1996, p. 15.
* 1996: &quot;Veterum litterae rationales cur et quando in modernas mutatae sint (II)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 71, anno 1996, pp. 4-5.
* 1996: &quot;Romanae rationales litterae unde sint oriundae&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 72, pp. 2-4.
* 1996: &quot;De rei institutoriae novissimis mutationibus&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 73, anno 1996, pp. 2-3.
* 1996: &quot;De execratione Babylonica&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 73, anno 1996, p. 3.
* 1996: &quot;De conventibus Latinis&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 74, anno 1996, pp. 2-3.
* 1996: &quot;De initiis Buddhismi in Iaponia&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 74, anno 1996, pp. 4-5.
* 1996: &quot;De Sidronio Hosschio expositio fit in publica bibliotheca Cortoriacensi&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 74, anno 1996, p. 6.
* 1996: &quot;Epistula ad consobrinos meos Americanos&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 75, anno 1996, pp. 2-3.
* 1996: &quot;Exemplum Latinitatis vivae&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 75, pp. 5-7.
=== anno 1997 ===
* 1997: &quot;De catapulta Sacomaria&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 76, anno 1997, pp. 5-7.
* 1997: &quot;De Novae Vallis incepto&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 77, anno 1997, pp. 4-5.
* 1997: &quot;India utrum sit longinqua an propinqua&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n) 78, anno 1997, pp. 2-3.
* 1997: &quot;De conventu Academiae Latinitati Fovendae cogitationes nonnullas&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 79, anno 1997, pp. 2-5.
* 1997: &quot;Pulcherrima expositio chartographica et tota Latina&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 79, p. 6.
* 1997: &quot;Technicae modernissimae Latinitati sunt usui&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 79, anno 1997, p. 7.
* 1997: &quot;Spectacula latina&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 79, anno 1997, p. 9.
* 1997: &quot;Conspectus acroasium principalium, quas in actis Academiae edendas aliquando legere poteritis&quot; (auctores sunt: [[Carolus Egger]], [[Birgerus Bergh]], [[Caelestis Eichenseer]], [[Caietanus Gantar]], [[Valahfridus Stroh]], [[Bohumila Mouchova]], [[Iohannes Orberg]], [[Aloisius Miraglia]], [[Thomas Pekkanen]], [[Milena Minkova]], [[Bruno Luiselli]], in ''Melissa'', n° 79, anno 1997, pp. 10-11.
* 1997: &quot;India num sit longinqua an propinqua (II)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 79, anno 1997, pp. 13-15.
* 1997: &quot;De theatro anatomico&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 80, anno 1997, pp. 5-7.
* 1997: &quot;De Erasmo iacenti&quot; ([[Vilhelmus van Best]], Roterodamus, misit photographema Erasmi miserabiliter iacentis), in ''Melissa'', n° 80, anno 1997, p. 7.
* 1997: &quot;Num Universum sit creatum an increatum&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 81, anno 1997, p. 2.
=== anno 1998 ===
* 1998: &quot;De consociatione 'Euroclassica' &quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 82, anno 1998, p. 2.
* 1998: &quot;Ver Latinum in Italia&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 84, anno 1998, pp. 2-6.
* 1998: &quot;Melissa in Americam advolavit&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 85, anno 1998, pp. 2-4.
* 1998: &quot;Inter eximios Latinitatis vivae fautores: Terentius et Guenevera Tunberg&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 85, anno 1998, pp. 7-8.
* 1998: &quot;De fetu in fetu&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 85, anno 1998, pp. 10-11.
* 1998: &quot;Quid sit S.A.L.V.I. &quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 85, anno 1998, p. 16.
* 1998: &quot;Recogitationes de anno Latinissimo&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 86, anno 1998, pp. 2-4.
* 1998: &quot;De Erasmi longissimo itinere&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 86, anno 1998, p. 16.
* 1998: &quot;Ridicula&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 86, anno 1998, p. 16.
* 1998: &quot;De utilitate scholae&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 87, anno 19998, p. 2.
=== anno 1999 ===
* 1999: &quot;De cultura&quot;, in ''Melissa'', anno 1999, n° 88, pp. 2-3.
* 1999: &quot;De gloria Alexandreae&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 89, pp. 2-3.
* 1999: &quot;De Guidone Gezelle poeta Flandro ante centum annos vita functo&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 89, pp. 4-6.
* 1999: &quot;De gloria Alexandreae (II)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 90, anno 1999, pp. 7-9.
* 1999: &quot;Finnia sola contra ceteras consociatas civitates Europae linguam Latinam officialiter promovet et adhibet&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 91, anno 1999, p. 2.
* 1999: &quot;De gloria Alexandreae (III)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 91, anno 1999, pp. 3-5.
* 1999: &quot;De aestate latina&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 92, anno 1999, pp. 2-4.
* 1999: &quot;Circa Domum Latinam ante decem annos conditam&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 93, anno 1999, p. 2.
=== anno 2000 ===
* 2000: &quot;Hic et nunc&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 94, anno 2000, p. 2.
* 2000: &quot;Docere adhuc oporteat&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 95, anno 2000, p. 2.
* 2000: &quot;De Mahumetanae architecturae originibus&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 95, anno 2000, pp. 6-8.
* 2000: &quot; 'In varietate concordia' sive de sententia symbolica Europaea&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 96, anno 2000, pp. 2-3.
* 2000: &quot;De Mahumetanae architecturae originibus (II)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 96, anno 2000, pp. 6-7.
* 2000: &quot;De novo itinere americano&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 97, anno 2000, pp. 2-3.
* 2000: &quot;De Mahumetanae architecturae originibus (III)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 97, pp. 6-7.
* 2000: &quot;De venenis brevis historia&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 97, anno 2000, pp. 14-15.
* 2000: &quot;De aestate Latinissima&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 98, anno 2000, pp. 2-3.
* 2000: &quot;De Mahumetanae architecturae originibus (IV)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 98, anno 2000, p. 4.
* 2000: &quot;De venenis brevis historia (II)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 98, anno 2000, pp. 12-13.
* 2000: &quot;De terroribus anni bismillesimi&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 99, anno 2000, p. 2.
* 2000: &quot;De Mahumetanae architecturae originibus (V)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 99, anno 2000, pp. 3-5.
* 2000: &quot;De venenis brevis historia (III°&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 99, pp. 10-12.
=== anno 2001 ===
* 2001: &quot;Allocutio Bruxellis in Domo Erasmiana die 17. m. feb. a. 2001 habita&quot; (Gratias imprimis ago Domino [[Alexander Vanautgaerden|Alexandro Vanautgaerden]], musei Domus Erasmianae Bruxellensi srenuissimo curatori... Celebramus hodie centesimum Melissae fasciculum in lucem editum. ... Gratias etiam ago [[Alaenus Divutius|Alaeno Van Dievoet]], qui numeratur inter Fundationis Melissae conditores atque Melissae transformationis fuit instigator. Per Alaenum Francisca egoque consuetudinem, amicitiam rationemque iungere potuimus cum Domus Erasmianae curatore), in ''Melissa'', n° 1000, anno 2001, p. 1.
* 2001: &quot;Quo vadis, institutio Latina?&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 101, anno 2001, p. 1.
* 2001: &quot;De venenis brevis historia (IV)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 101, anno 2001, pp. 2-4.
* 2001: &quot;Nova spes in Francogallia&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 103, anno 2001, pp. 1-2.
* 2001: &quot;De Mahumetanae architecturae originibus (VI)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 103, anno 2001, pp. 9-13.
* 2001: &quot;Discussio Occidentis conscientiae&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 105, anno 2001, pp. 1-2.

=== anno 2002 ===
* 2002: &quot;In memoriam inclytam Leopoldi Sedar Senghor&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 106, anno 2002, pp. 1-2.
* 2002: &quot;In memoriam amici nostri [[Rainardus Brune|Rainardi Brune]]&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 2002, anno 2002, p. 3.
* 2002: &quot;De mensura temporis&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 106, anno 2002, pp. 4-6.
* 2002: &quot;De pace&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 107, anno 20002, pp. 1-2.
* 2002: &quot;De mensura temporis. II &quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 107, anno 2002, pp. 3-6.
* 2002: &quot;De libro a discipulis confecto&quot; (discipuli Magistri Christiani Buyse in Instituto Sancti Petri Gandavi), in ''Melissa'', n°107, anno 2002, p. 14.
* 2002: &quot;Qualis Europa&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 108, anno 2002, 1-2.
* 2002: &quot;De pecuniae inventione&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 108, anno 2002, pp. 3-5.
* 2002: ''[https://archive.org/details/calepinusnovus2002 Calepinus novus]'' (una cum [[Francisca Deraedt]]), duo volumina, Bruxellis, 2002.
* 2002: &quot;Aestas latina&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 109, anno 2002, p. 1.
* 2002: &quot;De trapezitis argentariisque antiquis&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 109, anno 2002, pp. 12-14.
* 2002: &quot;De Academiae conventu&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 110, anno 2002, p. 1.
* 2002: &quot;De Sassanidarum imperio&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 110, anno 2002, pp. 2-6.
* 2002: &quot;De latina consociatione condenda&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 111, anno 2002, p. 1.
* 2002: &quot;De Sassanidarum imperio (II)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 111, anno 2002, pp. 9-11.

=== anno 2003 ===
* 2003: &quot;De Latino hymno Europaeo&quot;, quem composuit [[Thomas Pekkanen]], in ''Melissa&quot;, n° 112, anno 2003, p. 1.
* 2003: &quot;Res argentariae quales medio aevo fuerint&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 112, anno 2003, pp. 2-5.
* 2003: &quot;In memoriam&quot; ([[Basilius Hypeau|Basilii Hypeau]]), in ''Melissa'', n° 112, anno 2003, p. 15.
* 2003: &quot;Turcia qualis sit&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 113, anno 2003, pp. 1-2.
* 2003: &quot;Responsum ad amicum Americanum&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 114, anno 2003, p. 1.
* 2003: &quot;De renovata Brendani navigatione (I)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 114, anno 2003, pp. 10-11.
* 2003: &quot;Recordatio aestiva&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 115, anno 2003, p. 2.
* 2003: &quot;De renovata Brendani navigatione (II)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 115, anno 2003, pp. 3-5.
* 2003: &quot;De miro per aera vehendi modo (I)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 115, anno 2003, pp. 15-16.
* 2003: &quot;De renovata Brendani navigatione (III)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 116, anno 2003, pp. 2-4.
* 2003: &quot;De miro per aera vehendi modo (II)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 116, anno 2003, pp. 14-15.
* 2003: &quot;Inaestimabilis libertas&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 117, anno 2003, p. 1.
* 2003: &quot;De miro per aera vehendi modo (III)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 117, anno 2003, pp. 14-16.
* 2003 : ''De civilitate morum puerilium'', una cum [[Francisca Deraedt]], Bruxellis, in Domo Erasmiana, 2003.
* 2003 : ''Le latin et le politique : les avatars du latin à travers les âges'', Bruxellis : Musée de la Maison d'Erasme, 2003.

=== anno 2004 ===
* 2004: &quot;Circa hymnum Europaeum&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 118, anno 2004, p. 1.
* 2004: &quot;De miro per aera vehendi modo (IV)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 118, anno 2004, pp. 7-9.
* 2004: &quot;Quid velet velum&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 119, anno 2004, pp. 1-2.
* 2004: &quot;De miro per aera vehendi modo (V)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 119, anno 2004, pp. 10-13.
* 2004: &quot;De praehistoriae cunabulis&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 120, anno 2004, pp. 1-3.
* 2004: &quot;De novis libris a Melissa et Museo Erasmi modo in lucem editis&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 120, anno 2004, pp. 13-16. (pertinet ad translationem ''Fragrantiae'' Patricii Süskind latine redditae a [[Nicolaus Gross|Nicolao Gross]] et ad ''Glossarium Fragrantiae'' eiusdem auctoris)
* 2004: &quot;Symposii meditatio&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 121, anno 2004, pp. 1-3.
* 2004: &quot;De Bibliis Hebraicis controversia (II)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 121, anno 2004, pp. 11-13.
* 2004: &quot;Iam ante viginti annos... &quot; (in lucem editus est primus Melissae fasciculus.), in ''Melissa'', n° 122, anno 2004, p. 1.
* 2004: &quot;De Bibliis Hebraicis controversia (III)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 122, anno 2004, pp. 14-15.
* 2004: &quot;Europa et America&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 123, anno 2004, p. 1.
* 2004: &quot;De Bibliis Hebraicis controversia (IV)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 123, anno 2004, pp. 12-13.
* 2004 : ''Vocabulaire latin d'aujourd'hui'', una cum [[Francisca Deraedt]], Bruxellis : Fundatio Melissa et Maison d'Erasme, 2004.

=== anno 2005 ===
* 2005: &quot;Europa et America&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 124, anno 2005, p. 1.
* 2005: &quot;De neodarvinismo num dogmatismus adhuc vigeat&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 124, anno 2005, pp. 12-13.
* 2005: &quot;[[Domus Latina]] munere functa&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 124, anno 2005, p. 16.
* 2005: &quot;Salve barbaries!&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 125, anno 2005, pp. 1-2.
* 2005: &quot;Quid rari agatur in collegio Sancti Michaelis&quot; (in oppido Kapelle, ubi docet [[Christianus Laes]]), in ''Melissa'', n° 125, anno 2005, p. 3.
* 2005: &quot;De Academia Latinitati Fovendae&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 126, anno 2005, pp. 1-2.
* 2005: &quot;De Latinitate Orientali&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 126, anno 2005, pp. 3-5.
* 2005: &quot;Normannorum vestigiis ingredientes...&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 127, anno 2005, pp. 1-2.
* 2005: &quot;De Horatii villa&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 127, anno 2005, pp. 3-6.
* 2005: &quot;De Latinitate Orientali (II)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 127, anno 2005, pp. 11-13.
* 2005: &quot;De Mahabharata nonnulla&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 128, anno 2005, pp. 1-3.
* 2005: &quot;De Latinitate Orientali (III)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 128, anno 2005, pp. 12-15.
* 2005: &quot;Europalis Russiae&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 129, anno 2005, pp. 1-3.
* 2005: &quot;In memoriam inclytam [[Iohannes Claudius Champeau|Iohannis Claudii Alexandri Champeau]]&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 129, anno 2005, p. 3.
* 2005: &quot;De [[Schola Nova]] ante decem annos condita&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 129, anno 2005, p. 4.
* 2005: &quot;De Latinitate Orientali (IV)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 129, anno 2005, pp. 10-11.
* 2005: &quot;De ludis aeriis&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 129, anno 2005, p. 15.

=== anno 2006 ===
* 2006: &quot;De villa Hadriana (I)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 130, anno 2006, pp. 1-4.
* 2006: &quot;De Deo capto&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 131, anno 2006, pp. 1-2.
* 2006: &quot;De villa Hadriana (II)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 131, anno 2006, pp. 3-5.
* 2006: &quot;De climatis mutatione&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 132, anno 2006, pp. 1-2.
* 2006: &quot;De equitum ortu ac facinoribus&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 132, anno 2006, pp. 3-7.
* 2006: &quot;Adulescentes Russi et Belgae Latine conveniunt&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 132, anno 2006, p. 16.
* 2006: &quot;De hornotino symposio Bruxellensi auspiciis Academiae Latinitati Fovendae habito&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 133, anno 2006, p. 1.
* 2006: &quot;De XI conventu Academiae Latinitati Fovendae&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 133, anno 206, pp. 2--3.
* 2006: &quot;Ante quinquaginta annos... &quot; (de Conventu Avennionensi), in ''Melissa'', n° 134, anno 2006, p. 1.
* 2006: &quot;Cedant armi intelligentiae&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 135, anno 2006, pp. 1-2.

=== anno 2007 ===
* 2007: &quot;De reditu ad Medium Aevum&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 136, anno 2007, pp. 1-2.
* 2007: &quot;De ruina cuiusdam societatis humanae&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 137, anno 2007, pp. 1-2.
* 2007: &quot;De libello ab Academia pacto&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 138, anno 2007, p. 1.
* 2007: &quot;De Ara Pacis Augustae&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 138, anno 2007, pp. 4-8.
* 2007: &quot;De quodam tristi die natali&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 139, anno 2007, pp. 1-2.
* 2007: &quot;De fortuna perditorum Vikingorum&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 139, anno 2007, pp. 3-7.
* 2007: &quot;De conventu Neapolitano&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 139, anno 2007, p. 14.
* 2007: &quot;De humanitate et humanismo&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 140, anno 2007, pp. 1-2.
* 2007: &quot;De Celso auctore christianis infesto&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 140, anno 2007, pp. 13-15.
* 2007: &quot;De Instituto Papyrologico Leodiensi 'CEDOPAL' &quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 140, anno 2007, p.16.
* 2007: &quot;[[Andreas Flour]] nonagenarius&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 140, anno 2007, p. 16.
* 2007: &quot;Delectationis causa&quot;, in ''[[Melissa]]'', n° 141, anno 2007, pp. 1-2.
* 2007: &quot;De quarto regno hellenistico, pars prima: in vestigiis Alexandre Magni&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 141, anno 2007, pp. 5-9.

=== anno 2008 ===
* 2008: &quot;Europalia, farrago Europaea&quot;, in ''[[Melissa]]'', n° 142, anno 2008, n° 142, p. 1.
* 2008: &quot;De quarto regno Hellenistico, pars secunda: de nova Graecia sub Paropaniso&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 142, anno 2008, pp. 7-10.
* 2008: &quot;In memoriam inclytam Dris Caelestis Eichenseer&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 143, anno 2008, pp. 1-5
* 2008: &quot;De quarto regno Hellenistico. Pars tertia: De Graecitate Buddhismo occursante&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 143, anno 2008, pp. 8-10.
* 2008: &quot;In memoriam inclytam Professoris [[Christianus Helfer|Christiani Helfer]]&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 144, anno 2008, p. 1.
* 2008: &quot;De Constantinopoli&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 144, anno 2008, pp. 3-12.
* 2008: &quot;De caeli condicionis mutatione sive de mutatione climatis, sensu neoterico huius vovabuli, qui in occidentalibus linguis modernis adhiberi solet&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 145, anno 2008, p. 1.
* 2008: &quot;De seminariis Hungaricis&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 145, anno 2008, p. 2.
* 2008: &quot;De timoribus&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 146, anno 2008, pp. 1-2.
* 2008: &quot;De fame mundo imminente&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 147, anno 2008, pp. 1-2.

=== anno 2009 ===
* 2009: &quot;De bonis consumendis&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 148, anno 2009, p. 1.
* 2009: &quot;De Romano Imperio Orientali (I)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 148, anno 2009, pp. 8-13.
* 2009: &quot;De Romano Imperio Orientali (II). Quinto saeculo clades fere tota&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 149, anno 2009, pp. 5-8.
* 2009: &quot;De Romano Imperio Orientali (III). Transitus ad Medium Aevum.&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 150, anno 2009, pp. 14-15.
* 2009: &quot;Ante decem circiter milia annorum&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 151, anno 2009, pp. 1-2.
* 2009: &quot;De Romano imperio orientali (IV). Seditiones religiosae quinti saeculi&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 151, anno 2009, pp. 9-10.
* 2009: &quot;De Academiae Latinitati Fovendae conventu (15-19 m. sept. a. 2009)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 152, anno 2009, p. 1.
* 2009: &quot;De Romano imperio orientali (V). Ruina Occidentis&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 152, anno 2009, pp. 10-13.
* 2009: ''De Portu Itio et Caesaris navigationibus in Britanniam'', Bruxellis, ed. Melissa, 2009, 64 pp.
* 2009: &quot;Originalis peccati genetica explicatio&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 153, anno 2009, pp. 1-3.
* 2009: &quot;Arminii victoria, clades cultus civilis? &quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 153, anno 2009, pp. 6-8.
* 2009: &quot;De Romano imperio orientali (VI). Occidentis desiderium&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 153, anno 2009, pp. 11-14.

=== anno 2010 ===
* 2010: &quot;De usu linguae Latinae&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 154, anno 2010, p. 1.
* 2010: &quot;De Romano imperio orientali (VII). Verus Antiquitatis finis&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 154, anno 2010, pp. 12-14.
* 2010: &quot;De die feminae dicato&quot;, in ''Melissa'', anno 2010, n° 155, anno 2010, p. 1.
* 2010: &quot;De Romano imperio orientali (VIII). Primum bellum reliogosum&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 155, anno 2010, pp. 12-15.
* 2010: &quot;De Arelate duplici&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 156, anno 2010, pp. 1-2.
* 2010: &quot;De Romano imperio orientali (IX). Islam oritur&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 156, anno 2010, pp. 5-8.
* 2010: &quot;De Conventu Romano&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 157, anno 2010, pp. 1-3.
* 2010: &quot;De nanomachinis&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 157, anno 2010, pp. 4-5.
* 2010: &quot;De Romano imperio orientali (X). Romae protector mutatur&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 157, anno 2010, pp. 10-13.
* 2010: &quot;De Romano imperio orientali (XI). Initium secessionis&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 158, anno 2010, pp. 13-15.
* 2010: &quot;De Romano imperio Orientali (XII). Odium crescit inter Orientem et Occidentem&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 159, anno 2010, pp. 13-16.

=== anno 2011 ===
* 2011: &quot;De certitudinis fine&quot; in ''[[Melissa]]'', n° 160, anno 2011, pp. 1-2.
* 2011: &quot;De Romano imperio orientali (XIII). Fastigium imperii Byzantini&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 160, anno 2011, pp. 14-15.
* 2011: &quot;De Romano imperio orientali (XIV). Magnum schisma orientis&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 161, anno 2011, pp. 11-13.
* 2011: &quot;De Romano imperio orientali (XV). Adveniunt crucigeri&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 162, Bruxellis, 2011, pp.11-14.
* 2011: &quot;Reditus Athenas&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 162, Bruxellis, 2011, pp. 1-3.
* 2011: &quot;De Romano imperio orientali (XVI). Ultimus imperii splendor&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 163, Bruxellis, 2011, pp. 10-13.
* 2011: &quot;De Romano imperio orientali (XVII). Clades irreparabilis&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 164, Bruxellis, 2011, pp.13-15.
* 2011: &quot;De Romano imperio orientali (XVIII). Calamitosus exitus&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 165, Bruxellis, 2011, pp.15-16.
=== anno 2012 ===
* 2012 : &quot;Spes nova in Academia Romana. Ad lectorem&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 166, Bruxellis, 2012, pp. 1-2.
* 2012 : &quot;De rebus colonicis&quot;, in ''Melissa&quot;, n° 166, Bruxellis, 2012, pp. 11-14.
* 2012 : &quot;Terra Brasilis&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 167, Bruxellis, 2012, pp. 1-4.
* 2012 : &quot;De machina Anticytherorum sive de antiquorum Graecorum computatro mechanico&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 168, Bruxellis, 2012, pp. 1-3.
* 2012 : &quot;ΤΗΛΕ&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 169, Bruxellis, 2012, p. 1.
* 2012 : &quot;De immenso caelo (ante nostri aevi initium)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 169, Bruxellis, 2012, pp. 12-15.
* 2012 : &quot; De immenso caelo (II) (Ab initio nostri aevi - 1543 : Ptolemaeus - Copernicus) &quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 170, Bruxellis, 2012, pp. 7-9.
* 2012 : &quot; De immenso caelo (III) (VIII-XV saec. : Astronomia in orbe Mahumetano) &quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 171, Bruxellis, 2012, pp. 8-13 (cum compendio Almagesti, pp. 11-13).
=== anno 2013 ===
* 2013 : &quot;Abies 'electronicus' &quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 172, Bruxellis, 2013, p. 1 (una cum [[Francisca Deraedt]]).
* 2013 : &quot;Unio Europaea praemio Nobeliano honestata&quot;, in : ''Melissa'', n° 172, Bruxellis, 2013, pp. 2-3.
* 2013 : &quot; De immenso caelo (IV) (1543-1630 : Tycho Brahe, Iohannes Kepler) &quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 172, Bruxellis, 2013, pp. 7-10.
* 2013 : &quot; Num liceat prave scribere &quot;, in : ''Melissa'', n° 173, Bruxellis, 2013, p. 1.
* 2013 : &quot; De immenso caelo (V) (1604-1642 : Galileus Galileus) &quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 173, Bruxellis, 2013, pp. 5-7 (cum textu originali abiurationis Galilei, p. 7).
* 2013 : &quot;Deceptus gymnasio&quot;, in : ''Melissa'', n° 174, Bruxellis, 2013, p.1.
* 2013 : &quot;De immenso caelo (VI) (1642-1742 : Huygens, Cassini, Newton, Halley)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 174, Bruxellis, 2013, pp. 6-9.
* 2013 : &quot;De terribili quadam coniuratione&quot;, in : ''Melissa'', n° 175, Bruxellis, 2013, p. 1.
* 2013 : &quot;De immenso caelo (VII) (1742-1860 : Bradley, [[Gulielmus Herschel|Herschel]], [[Petrus Simon Laplace|Laplace]], [[Iosephus de Fraunhofer|Von Fraunhofer]], Kirchhoff&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 175, Bruxellis, 2013, pp. 7-10.
* 2013 : &quot;XXX annis ante nascebatur circulus latinus Belgicus&quot;, in : ''Melissa'', n° 176, Bruxellis, 2013, p. 1.
* 2013 : &quot;In hoc signo vinces&quot;, in : ''Melissa'', n° 176, Bruxellis, 2013, pp. 8-11.
* 2013 : &quot;De immenso caelo (VIII) (1801-1967)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 176, Bruxellis, 2013, pp. 12-15.
* 2013 : &quot;De hodierno latinitatis vivae statu&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 177, Bruxellis, 2013, pp. 1-2.
* 2013 : &quot;De immenso caelo (IX)&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 177, Bruxellis, 2013, p. 11-14.
* 2013 : ''De Romano Imperio orientali - verae historiae conspectus'', Bruxellis, 2013.

=== anno 2014 ===
* 2014 : &quot;De Hierosolymitano nosocomio Ordinis Hospitalis&quot;, in ''Melissa'', n° 178, Bruxellis, 2014, pp. 5-7. (Fons huius symbolae est scriptio in fasciculo n. 14 periodici ''Société de l'histoire et du patrimoine de l'Ordre de Malte'' in quo Alanus Beltjens symbolam de hoc nosocomio conscripsit).

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

{{Lifetime|1931||Licoppe, Gaius}}
[[Categoria:Auctores Latini hodierni]]
[[Categoria:Participes primi Seminarii latinitatis vivae Vestendensis]]
[[Categoria:Radiologi]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Belgicae]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Melissae]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Vocis Latinae]]
[[Categoria:Socii Academiae Latinitati Fovendae]]
[[Categoria:Nati 1931]]
[[Categoria:Mortui 2026]]</text>
      <sha1>0q75q64c7op4pjbhvrneitax20rl2hi</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Phylum (taxinomia)</title>
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      <text bytes="2613" sha1="kfs9pdf7cgazviwdbjpzl3bcmz16knp" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Categoriae taxonomicae la.png|thumb|upright=0.5|Categoriae taxinomicae]]
'''Phylum''' ([[Graece]] φῦλον, 'genus, gens, natio') est stratum [[systema taxinomicum Linnaeanum|gradus taxinomici]] sub [[Regnum (taxinomia)|regno]] et supra [[Classis (taxinomia)|classem]]. Exemplis sunt [[Chordata]], [[Arthropoda]], [[Mollusca]], [[Brachiopoda]]. [[Nomen substantivum|Nomen]] eiusdem rei in [[taxinomia]] [[botanice|botanica]] usitate est '''divisio,''' sed ''[[International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants]]'' haec nomina idem valere decernit.&lt;ref name=&quot;ICN&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |year=2012 |editor-last=McNeill |editor-first=J. |displayeditors=etal|title=International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code), Adopted by the Eighteenth International Botanical Congress Melbourne, Australia, July 2011 |edition=electronic |publisher=International Association for Plant Taxonomy |url=http://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php?page=art3 |accessdate=2017-05-14}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Berg2007&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Berg|first=Linda R.|title=Introductory Botany: Plants, People, and the Environment|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I71WWH9ZmfsC&amp;pg=PA15|accessdate=2012-07-23|edition=2|date=2 March 2007 |publisher=Cengage Learning|isbn=9780534466695|page=15}}.&lt;/ref&gt; 

==Notae==
&lt;references/&gt;

==Bibliographia==
*Ax, Peter. [[1984]]. ''Das Phylogenetische System: Systematisierung der lebenden Natur aufgrund ihrer Phylogenesee.'' Gustav Fischer Verlag. ISBN 9783437304507.
*Cavalier-Smith, T. [[1993]]. Kingdom Protozoa and Its 18 Phyla. ''Microbiological Reviews'' 57(4): 953–994.
*Giribet, Gonzalo, Gustavo Hormiga, et Gregory D. Edgecombe. [[2016]]. The meaning of categorical ranks in evolutionary biology. ''Organisms Diversity &amp; Evolution'' 16(3): 613-639. doi:10.1007/s13127-016-0263-9.
*Lambertz, Markus, et Steven F. Perry. [[2015]]. Chordate phylogeny and the meaning of categorial ranks in modern evolutionary biology. ''Proceedings of the Royal Society B 282,'' 1807. doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.2327.
*Valentine, James W. [[2004]]. ''On the Origin of Phyla.'' Sicagi: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226845494.

{{NexInt}}
*[[Cladistica]]

== Nexus externi ==
* ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20191216164849/https://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants]'' (2018)
* ''[https://www.iczn.org/the-code/the-international-code-of-zoological-nomenclature/the-code-online/ International Code of Zoological Nomenclature]'' (1999/2012)

{{Gradus taxinomici}}

[[Categoria:Phyla|!]]

{{Myrias|Biologia}}</text>
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    <title>Pagus Ticinensis</title>
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      <text bytes="6096" sha1="92prai81x6pzfzlddozdh5bddeeoj9u" xml:space="preserve">{{Videdis|Ticinus (discretiva)}}
{{latinitas|dubium}}
{| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; align=&quot;right&quot; style=&quot;margin:0.5em;&quot;
!colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=center bgcolor=&quot;#DEFFAD&quot; | Pagus Ticini
|-
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=center | [[Fasciculus:Wappen Tessin matt.svg|thumb|center|Vexillum Ticini]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-
!colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=center bgcolor=&quot;#DEFFAD&quot; | Notatiae elementi
|-
|Caput: || [[Bilitio]]
|-
|Ambitus: || 2.812 km²
|-
|Populatio: || 346'539 &lt;small&gt;''(31.12.[[2013]])'' &lt;ref&gt;Confer [http://www.ticinonews.ch/articolo.aspx?id=309037&amp;rubrica=2 Nuntius Officii Foederalis Statisticae, pag. 5]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|Densitas: || 120 incolae pro km²
|-
|Pars [[Helvetia]]e ab: || [[1803]]
|-
|Signum: || TI
|-
|Lingua: || [[Lingua Italiana]]
|-
|Pagina domestica: || [https://web.archive.org/web/20120123032538/http://www.ti.ch/ www.ti.ch]
|-
!colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=center bgcolor=&quot;#DEFFAD&quot; | Tabula
|-
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=center | [[Fasciculus: Map of Canton Ticino.png|300px|center|Tabula Ticini]]&lt;br /&gt;
|}
'''Ticinum''' est [[pagus]] [[Helvetia]]nus ad [[meridies|meridiem]] [[Alpes|Alpium]] spectans, qui nomen ''Ticino'' [[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]] a [[flumen|flumine]] [[homonymum|homonymo]] capit. Hic pagus a Padana [[planitie]] ad summas [[Alpes]] pertinet. Caput est [[Bilitio]]. 

[[Fasciculus:Karte Lage Kanton Tessin.png|thumb|left|Collocatio pagi in Helvetia]]

Finitimi pagi atque civitates sunt [[Valesia]], [[Urania (pagus)|Urania]], [[Grisonia]] [[Italia]]que, accurate provinciae Italiae [[Novum Comum]], [[Baretium]], [[Verbania]]. 

==Natura==
Propter [[natura]]m loci et [[lacus]] [[Verbanus|Verbanum]] ac [[Ceresius|Ceresium]] [[aer]] temperatus est, [[Alpes]] Ticinum a calidis [[ventus|ventis]] nam protegunt. Super apricos colles [[vinea]]e crescunt.

[[Fasciculus: VerbanoversoOriente.JPG|thumb|left|240px|Despectus ex Muralto in Verbano lacu.]]

[[Mons Cinerum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]] ''[[:it:Monte Ceneri]]'') pagum Ticini in duas partes dividit: Supra Montem Cinerum ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]] ''[[:it:Sopraceneri]]'') et Infra Montem Cinerum ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]] ''[[:it:Sottoceneri]]'').

In [[vallis|vallibus]] multi lapidum moles&lt;ref&gt;Cf. [[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]] diga in {{Castiglioni}}&lt;/ref&gt; corsum aquis interscindunt.

Altissimus Ticini [[mons]] est [[Adula]], 3402 [[metrum|metra]] altus.

== Sermo publicus ==
Incolae Ticini [[Lingua Italiana]] loquuntur, sed multi etiam [[Dialectos Langobarda|Dialecto Langobardo]]. In vico tantum Selva Gurin ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''Bosco Gurin'') [[Lingua Germanica]] sermo officialis est.

==Religio==
Magna pars incolarum Ticini se [[Ecclesia Catholica|Catholica]] esse profitetur, accurate:

* [[Catholicus|Catholici]] (75,94 %)
* [[Veteris Catholicus|Veteres Catholici]]  (0,18%)
* [[Musulmanus|Musulmani]]  (1,87 %)
* [[Iudaeus|Iudaei]]  (0.12%)
* [[Orthoduxus|Orthodoxi]]  (2,35 %)
* [[Protestantes]]  (6.88%)
* Sine religione  (12,22 %)

(Fons:Helveticus census anno [[2000]])

== Historia ==
Millennio 1 a.C.n. [[Leponti]] in vallibus Ticini et urbis [[Oscela Lepontiorum|Oscelae Lepontiorum]] habitabant.

[[Medium Aevum|Aevo Medio]] [[Mediolanum]] et [[Novum Comum]] de terris pagi Ticini contendere Mediolanenses circiter [[saeculum 14|saeculum quartum decimum]] vicerunt. Postea Helvetii terras pagi Ticini [[saeculum 15|saeculis quinto decimo]] et [[saeculum 16|sexto decimo]] gradatim ceperunt, et in eas ut [[colonia]]s (Italiane ''bagliaggi'') dominata sunt.

Ab anno [[1803]] Ticinum pagus [[Helvetia]]e est.

==Institutiones==
Facultas [[lex|legum]] faciendi pertinet ad [[Magnum Consilium]] (Italiane ''Gran Consiglio'') a nonaginta legatis populi constitutum et administrandi ad Civitatis Consilium (''Consiglio di Stato'') a quinque legatis constitutum.

==Districtus==
[[Fasciculus:Karte Kanton Tessin Bezirke 2010.png|thumb|200px|Ticini districtus.]]

Ticino sunt octo [[districtus]]:
* [[Bilitio (districtus)|Bilitio]]
* ''[[Blenio (districtus)|Blenio]]''
* ''[[Leventina (districtus)|Leventina]]''
* [[Locarnum (districtus)|Locarnum]]
* [[Luganum (districtus)|Luganum]]
* [[Mendricus (districtus)|Mendricus]]
* ''[[Riviera (districtus)|Riviera]]''
* [[Vallis Maggia (districtus)|Vallis Maggia]] 

== Praeclari cives ==
In Ticinum olim vixerunt aut nati sunt et hodie vivunt viri atque feminae noti:

===Nati===
* [[Dominicus Fontana]], [[pictor]], [[architectura|architectus]] et [[sculptor]].
* [[Franciscus Borromini]], [[architectura|architectus]].
* [[Dominicus Trezzini]], [[architectura|architectus]].
* [[Antonius Ciseri]], pictor
* [[Franciscus Chiesa]], scriptor
* [[Carola Del Ponte]], iuris consultus
* [[Marius Botta]], [[architectura|architectus]].

=== Mortui ===
* [[Thomas Mann]], scriptor
* [[Otto Braun]], vir publicus  [[Germania|Germanicus]]
* [[Paulus Klee]], pictor
* [[Georgius Strehler]], director [[theatrum|theatralis]]
* [[Iosephus Prezzolini]], [[scriptor]]

=== Urbes Oppidaque et Vici ===
* [[Barerna]], oppidum
* [[Bedaliola]], vicus
* [[Bedoledus]], vicus
* [[Bilitio]], urbs
* [[Brixagum (Helvetia)|Brixagus]], oppidum
* [[Cadelus]], oppidum
* [[Cibiascum]], vicus
* [[Clasus]], vicus
* [[Cumanus (Helvetiae vicus)|Cumanus]], vicus
* [[Curea]], vicus
* [[Gudum (Helvetia)]], vicus
* [[Locarnum]], urbs
* [[Luganum]], urbs
* [[Mendricus]], vicus
* [[Menuxius]], vicus
* [[Maxanius]], vicus
* [[Morbius Inferior]], vicus
* [[Vicus Subinates]], vicus

===Transitus===
* [[Cuniculus Ferriviae Montis Sancti Godehardi novus]]
* [[Lucus Magnus]]
* [[Novena]]
* [[Sanctus Gothardus (transitus)|Sanctus Gothardus]]

===Flumina===
* [[Maggia (flumen)|Maggia]]
* [[Ticinus (flumen)|Ticinus]]

===Lacus===
* [[Ceresius]]
* [[Verbanus]]

===Terrae historicae===
* [[Insubria]],

==Nota==
&lt;div class=&quot;references-small&quot;&gt;&lt;references /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

{{NexInt}}
* [[Aemilius Motta]]
* [[Raeti]]

==Nexus externus==
{{communiaCat|Canton of Ticino |Ticinum (pagum)}}

{{geo-stipula}}
{{Ticini districtus}}

{{Helvetia}}

[[Categoria:Ticinum (pagus)|!]]
[[Categoria:Regio Insubrica]]</text>
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[[Fasciculus:Red_ribbon.png|thumb|120px|Laqueus ruber, universale seropositivis personis et eis qui cum morbum HIV convivunt solidaritatis signum.]]

'''Morbus deficientiae immunitatis acquisitae''',&lt;ref name=&quot;ICD-10&quot;&gt;&quot;Morbus HIV - morbus deficientiae immunitatis acquisitae ...&quot;: [https://web.archive.org/web/20190821053018/https://www.stetoskop.info/pretragamkb?ss=B20 ICD-10] apud ''Stetoskop'', aliis fontibus adnuentibus&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Morbus viralis immunodeficientiae humanus&quot;: [http://www.biokemia.fi/ICD10_WHO.htm ICD-10 Diagnosis]''&lt;/ref&gt; acronymis vernacularibus adhibitis '''SIDA'''&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Syndroma immunodefectus adquisiti&quot;, [[Calepinus Novus]]: &quot;S.I.D.A. ¶ sída, ae&quot; [S. Albert in : ''Vox Latina'', 127, p. 92]&lt;/ref&gt; e quibus etiam vocabulum '''sida''' (-ae f.),&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Syndroma immunodefectus adquisiti&quot;, [[Calepinus Novus]]: &quot;S.I.D.A. ¶ sída, ae&quot; [S. Albert in : ''Vox Latina'', 127, p. 92]&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''morbus HIV'''&lt;ref name=&quot;ICD-10&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Anglice ''AIDS'': &quot;verbum vulgare constat e primis litteris vocum Anglicarum ''Acquired Immunity Deficiency Syndrome'' {{PONS-Egger}}&lt;/ref&gt; est [[syndroma]] in qua ob [[lymphocytus|lymphocytorum]] [[Lymphocytus T|T]] depletionem manifestationes summae sunt; inter quas normaliter non [[pathogen]]icorum [[microorganismus|microorganismorum]] [[infectio]]nes vel [[Cancer (morbus)|tumorum]] surrectiones, seu in generali populatione communium, seu immunocompromissarum [[persona]]rum propriorum, seu eius qui talem syndroma ostendit proprium. Syndromae causa est [[virus immunodeficientiae humanae]].

Syndroma, hodierno rerum statu, est fere insanabilis, quia nunquam totaliter virus ex hospite eradicari possit; nihilominus, hodiernae [[sanatio]]nes, valde melius usis in emersionis puncto [[decennium 190|decennio 190]] principio toleratae, [[viraemia]]m imminuere in minimas aut non graves libras consequuntur, [[lymphocytus|lymphocyticam]] reinculturam{{dubsig}} et normalioris{{dubsig}} [[vita]]e prosecutionem permittentes.

Clinico-pathologicum syndroma incrementum secundum personam variabillimum{{dubsig}} est, quia infectionis progressus geneticis seu viri seu hospitis factoribus (Campbell et alii 2004, 2005; Senkaali et alii 2005), seu ex hygienicis condicionibus et coinfectionibus (Morgan et alii 2002b; Lawn et alii 2004), dependet, unus in [[Italia]] [[Roma]]e hominis cuiusdam immunis documentatus casus est.

In civitatibus ubi sumptuosae antiretrovirales curae et ob opportunisticas infectiones et neoplasticae curae sunt magis disponibiles, aut [[Securitas Socialis|Securitate Sociali]]{{dubsig}} solventur, ob SCDI [[mortalitas]] valde imminuta est (Palella et alii 1998), sed conlateralium resistentiae farmacis incrementi effectuum (Montessori et alii 2004), et minimae patientium [[adquiescentia]]e problematibus libratur.

==Epidemiologia==
[[Fasciculus:Africa HIV-AIDS 2002.png|300px|thumb|left|Tabula Africae coloratae secundum procentualem seropositivorum adultorum (15–49 natorum) incidentiam]] Syndroma in [[Africa Subsahariana]] (Gao et alii 1999) ob animalis retroviri, forsitan simii, mutationem orta putatur, quae saeculo vicensimo in humanam populationem velut tunc universa [[epidemia]] transmissus est. [[UNAIDS]] et [[ordo mundi sanitarius|OMS]] de inventa syndroma 25 miliones mortuorum aestimant, quod eam terribillimarum historiae epidemiarum unam fecit. Solum anno [[2005]] circa 3.1 miliones mortuorum, e quibus 570 000 pueri, aestimantur.&lt;ref name=UNAIDS2006&gt;UNAIDS, [http://data.unaids.org/pub/GlobalReport/2006/2006_GR_CH02_en.pdf ''2006 Report on the global AIDS epidemic.'']&lt;/ref&gt;

Universe, numerus inter 36.7 et 45.3 miliones personarum amplexus cum VIDH vivit (fons UNAIDS 2005). Anno [[2005]], numerus inter 4.3 et 6.6 miliones hominum amplexus infectus est et numerus inter 2.6 et 3.6 miliones personarum amplexus ob SCDI mortuus est, incrementum de anno [[2004]] et maximus numerus de anno [[1981]].

Recentissima aestimationis relatio Administrationis Aestimationis Operationis Argentariae Mundanae oblati [[Argentaria Mundana]] auxilii efficaciam civitatibus secundum strategiae definitionem, per analyticum laborem, et per cum explicito epidemicae SCDI impactionis imminuendae proposito versuras. Haec prima generalis Argentariae Mundanae civitatibus auxilii aestimatio ab epidemiae VIDH/SCDI initio usque ad annum 2004. De gubernationale per gubernationes complemento, nuntiatio indicationes quomodo nationalia pugnae contra SCDI programmata efficacia reddidisse possint.

Data [[Ordo mundi sanitarius|Ordine mundi sanitario]] anno 2004 diffusa [[pandemiae]] VIDH augmentum velut personarum defunctarum augmentum ob SCDI revelant.

In Africae Subsaharianae civitatibus, circa 25–28 miliones hominum VIDH infectorum sunt, magis quam 60 centesimae totius populationis et magis quam tres quarti feminarum. In [[America Latina]] et in [[Mare Caribicum|regione Caraibica]], anno praeterito, circa 2000 infectiones fuerunt quae seropositivorum numerum ad 2 miliones circa tulere. Cum suis 100 000 mortuis talis area ea quae post Africam Subsaharianam percussissima{{dubsig}} est.

In [[Oriens Medius|Oriente Medio]] et in [[Africa Septentrionalis|Septentrionali Africa]], [[Sudania|Sudaniá]] exceptá, tota area praevalentiam VIDH parvam ostendit. In praesente, circa 600 000 viro infecti sunt (amplexis 55 000 qui anno praeterito iunctis sunt) et anno [[2003]] SCDI circa 45 000 [[persona]]s necavit.

In [[civitas sui iuris|civitatibus]] [[Europa Orientalis|Europae Orientalis]] et [[Media Asia|Mediae Asiae]], epidemia cum 1.3 miliones seropositivarum personarum ante 160 000 anni 1995 patet.

==Pathogenesis==
Id quod viralis infectio provocat chronii inflammatorii status apparitio quae velut [[systema immunitatis|systematis immunitarii]] functionalis qualitativusque defectus solvitur est. Quamquam immune responsum praesertim forte dominandae viralis replicationis utile potest, talis status perseveratio progressivam cellularum exhaustionem depletionemque ferre potest. Medium in infectionis pathogenese eventum lineae lymphocyticae pondus est. Certe praeter numericam imminutionem etiam varia phaenomena functionali lymphocytorum T imminutioni imputabilia animadvertuntur:

* Proliferativi responsi imminutio antigenicae stimulationi.
* Responsi [[Th1]] inaequilibrium pro [[Th2]]. Hoc cellularis immunitatis imminutionem pro tota umoralis praestantia.
* Responsi T defectus aut imminutio operae antigenorum quibus antea subsceptibilitas erat. Haec praecoci lymphocyti [[CD4]] memoriae depletioni necesse esse ob magnam receptoriorum [[CCR5]] patefactionem fiunt.

In praesente, omnia haec phaenomena univocam basem, sed multifactorialem habere firmantur:

* VIDH gradu necandae directe cellulae per lysem (cytopathicum effectum) esse scitur. Hoc ob immodicam cum virale natura particularum aut geneticae vel proticae materiae cumulationem accidere posset. His rebus immoderatam poteicae in [[cellula]] hospite patefactionis inhibitionem addi posse putatur.
* VIDH gradu [[syncytium|syncytii]] generandi ob cellularum infectarum cellularum [[membrana]]rum fusionem inter alias aut bene cum sanis cellulis causa vinculi quod inter gp120 et CD4 formari possit. Post fusionem fortis reinflammatio et cellularis mors in paucis horis producuntur. 
Syncytiorum formandorum capacitas solum stirpibus T-tropicis VIDH circumscribi videretur.
* [[Anticorpus|Anticorporum]] contra viralis involumenti proteina formatio cellularum hae antigena in superficie manifestantium lysis reponsalis potest. In hoc eventu, intervenire diversa phaenomena possunt: imminens lysis lymphocytis T specificis aut cytotoxicis cellulis ([[NK]], [[granulocytis]], [[phagocytis mononucleatis]]).
* [[Apoptosis]] lymphocytica. Haec res seu lymphocyta T CD4+ seu CD8+ involveret. Primis vinculi CD4-gp120 involucrum in phaenomeni origine cui lymphocytica activitas ob antigenici ([[TCT]]) receptorii stimulationem additur suspicatur, cum consequente CD4 aggregatione et apoptotici phaenomeni prorruptione. In huius phaenomeni origine, nihilominus, alii factores involvuntur. Varia viralia proteina, env, vpr, nef, vpu et tat apoptosem in non infecta lymphocyta T inducere demonstrata sunt quamquam inter alias in vivo maximi ponderis actio ob env abulta venire fit. Etiam receptorii CXCR4 activatio ponderis aliquod vestit de his rebus quae gradu inducendae molecularis de [[Fas]] independentis cataractae sunt. Alia studia, insuper, activationem CXCR4 ponderis eventum esse in seu lymphocytorum CD4+ seu CD8+ [[apoptosis]] incremento demonstravere.
* Immunitariarum cellularum praecursoriorum amissio. Hoc vel ob directam infectionem ipsam, vel ob in thymo sitas progenitorias cellulas, vel ob cytochinorum et dilationis processui necessariorum factorum secernendorum capaces accessorias cellulas accidere posse putatur.
* Quidam homologiae gradus inter gp120, gp41 et [[antigenum|antigena]] HLA-DR et HLA-DQ animadvertitur. Hoc ad hypothesem ut eventualia [[anticorpus|anticorpora]] contra viralia proteina cum proteinis HLA patefactis in specificis lymphocytis crucireagire possint tulit, sic determinantibus horum ultimorum vinculi obicem cum infectarum cellularum receptorio CD4 cui functionalis generis inhibitio sequitur.
* Vinculum gp120 aut gp 41 super CD4 inhibendorum lymphocytorum T iuvatoriorum gradu esse, facendis eis incapacibus ut ad stimulationem imminentem [[CD3]] respondeant videretur.
* Possibile viralis originis [[superantigenum|superantigenorum]] vinculum in catena b de TCR cum consentanea lymphocytaria anergia.

Cursu infectionis VIDH duae distincta virologica luculamenta, sed communicantia creari solent:
* activum luculamentum viro in sanguine libero et evecta virale replicatione characterizato viro in lymphocytis contento constitutum,
* latentiae luculamentum cellularibus lineis et anatomicis [[organismus|organismi]] zonis ubi virus manet latens et quae depositis, quamobrem, utuntur constitutum.
Si activum luculamentum ponderis munus fungitur ut systema immunitarium noceat, latentiae id praecipuum viralis in organismo ineradicationis responsale.

Deposita VIDH in cellularia et anatomica subdividuntur.
* Cellularia follicularibus-dendriticis cellulis, quiescentibus lymphocytis CD4+ et monocytis-macrophagocytis constituntur.
* Anatomica deposita, tamen, centrale [[systema nervosum]] et [[testes|testiculi]] participant (quamquam alia organismi luculamenta simile munus habere suspectantur).

Dendriticae folliculares cellulae ponderis munus habere videntur, saltem in primis infectionis phasibus, ob ostendendi antigeni munus, in portando viro contactum cum lymphoidibus organis aut lymphocytis CD4+. Praeterea ingentem virionum quantitatem retinere supersuperficiem posse probatur. Tamen cursu antiretroviralis therapiae talis numerus sic drastice imminuitur ut quidam auctor eas, in cursu efficacis antiretroviralis therapiae, depositi munus amittere aut, maxime, secundarium fieri firment. Notandum est, tamen, talem conclusionem haud unanime condividi.

Quiescentia lymphocyta CD4+ infici ob VIDH possunt quamquam huius phaenomeni modus etiam clarus non est. Quiescentia lymphocyta in [[thymus|thymo]] maturescunt, e quo latente statu emergunt usque ad antigenum inventum. Infectio cum viro vel in immaturo stadio in thymo (organo ubi virus inventum est) accidere posse vel in quiescentiae stadio, semel perfecta maturatione, aestimatur. Hoc casu ob cellularis quietis statum virale genoma in modo haud integrato esse aestimatur. Alia hypothesis virus activa lymphocyta inficere, quae, semel sua activitate{{dubsig}} confecta, latentem statum ire possint, admissa sua superviventia, firmat. Tale casu virale genoma modo integrato est etsi viriones non producantur.

VIDH in centrale infectorum hominum [[systems nervosum|systemate nervoso]] inveniri scitur. Viricam penetrationem in tempore praecosissimo post in organismum ingressionem accidere posse aliquae data hypothetizant.{{dubsig}} In medio systemate nervoso viralis infectio [[macrophagocytus|macrophagocytis]] et [[microglia]]e cellulis circumscribitur dum alia cellularia genera involvi non videntur (exceptis [[astrocytum|astrocytis]], quorum [[infectio]], ut supra firmatur, productiva non est). Absoluta centralis systematis nervosi peculiaritas velut depositi VIDH elementum se praebet de facto ut virus in eo praesens genotypice phaenotypiceque cum plasmatico differat et tendentialiter ''R5-using'' sit.

De eis quae ad [[apparatus genitalis masculinus|apparatum genitalem masculinum]] attinent in [[eiaculatum|liquido seminale]] virus inveniri posse scitur, tametsi quae cellula id transmittat clarum non sit. Secundum hoc visionis punctum ponderis est notare ut, in aliquibus experimentis, VIDH-2, sed haud VIDH-1, [[cellula Leydigiana|cellularum Leydigianarum]] infectionem consecutum sit. Aliud studium testiculares macrophagocytos CCR5, CXCR4, CD4 et CD45 exprimere probavit, ut haec praecipua viri distributoria in hoc plano sint. Etiam casu apparatus genitalis virus inventum mutationes dissimiles cum plasmatico ostendit.

==Progressio clinica==
[[Fasciculus:Hiv-timecourse.png|400px|thumb|Graphice viralis lymphocytorumque CD4 oneris incrementum cursu infectionis VIHD ostendens]]
In circiter infectarum personarum dimidio post circa 3-6 [[hebdomas|hebdomades]] a contactu similnucleosica syndroma verificatur, cuius expressio &quot;[[Infectio]] VIDH Primaria&quot; (aut '''IVP''', Anglice PHI) est, prima infectionis VIDH phasis, sponte regressa et [[pharyngitis|pharyngitide]], [[febris|febre]], [[lemphadenopathia]], [[asthenia]], [[cephalea]], [[somnolentia]], et [[eruptio]]ne cutanea characterizata. Symptomatum gravitas satis variabilis est. Talibus manifestationibus intensa viraemia et magnus [[proteinum p24|proteini p24]] auctus comitantur. Aliquibus casibus opportunisticae infectiones probabiliter post rapidam lymphocytorum CD4 imminutionem aut disfunctionem verificatae sunt. Velut supra firmatur, talis syndroma et synopsis sponte regreditur et CD4 etiam augent quae restitui ad normam (aut fere) et constantia per magis aut minus lungam periodum manere tendunt. In 10% casuum, tamen, immunologica synopsis melior non fit et fulminantiter praecipitat.

Inter infectionis 1–3 menses [[seroconversio]] cum [[anticorpus|anticorporum]] comitatu contra viralia antigena. Hoc phaenomenon in similnucleosicae symptomatologiae regressione involvi existimatur, quia subitam viralis oneris imminutionem determinat quod ita parvum fit ne emineat etsi virus ad lymphomonocytorum planum maneat. Systema immunitarium, nihilominus, omnino virus ex organismo eliminare non consequitur.

Continenter infectae personae synopsis constans per satis variabilem periodum manere tendit cuius proportionale dimidium circiter decem annos circumit. Haec synopsis latentiae definitur dum persona alia symptomata aut morbi signa non ostendit sed systema immunitarium lente declinare tendit. Progressus velocitas cum ARN VIDH praesentis quotizatione correfert.

Quo maior ARN quotizatio{{dubsig}} est, eo rapidior ad symptomaticum statum transitus. Aliquando hac phase persistens lymphoadenopathia generari potest.

Continua lymphocytorum CD4 depletio et disfunctio morborum apparitionem afferunt quorum aliqui opportunisticis infectionibus debentur dum alii chroniae infectionis VIDH statu deberi videntur. Inter frequentissimos sunt:

* [[Lemphadenopathia]] generalizata
* Vulnera [[Os (oris)|oris]] velut [[muguetum]], [[leucoplasia]] (forsitan ob [[virus Epstein-Barr|viri Epstein-Barr]] actionem), et ulcera aphtosa
* ''[[Herpes zoster]]''
* [[Thrombocytopenia]], cuius causa est ignota, sed directam viri actionem super megacaryocyta suspicantur.

Hoc in stadio etiam neurologica variorum generum vulnera comparere possunt, seu peripherica seu centralia (haec ultima complexu syndroma participant cuius nomen [[Dementia Complex SCDI]] est).

His symptomatibus etiam alia velut [[febris]], [[diarrhoea]], attenuatio comitari possunt quorum nomen est VIDH relatus complexus, VRC (Anglice: ''ARC''). Inventa cursu VRC a multis auctoribus declarati SCDI status non considerantur quamquam obvie systematis immunitarii prolapsi expressio sunt.

VRC status continenter in stadium SCDI declarati culminat characterizatum{{dubsig}} dissimilibus opportunisticis{{dubsig}} infectionibus (quae esse solent [[pneumonia]] [[Pneumocystis carinii|Pneumocystibus carinii]], [[cryptosporidosis]], [[toxoplamosis]], [[histoplasmosis]], [[candidosis]], [[cytomegalovirus]], [[tuberculosis]], atypica [[mycobacteriosis]], etc.), variis [[neoplasia|neoplasiis]] (quae solent esse [[sarcoma Kaposianum]], [[lymphoma]]ta cellulis B, [[carcinoma]]ta), et neurologicae synopsis progressione.

Plerisque occasionibus exitus advenit post opportunisticas infectiones inter quas frequentissime per pneumoniam.

==Sanatio==
In praesente, VIDH infectio cum nominata ''therapia antiretrovirali maxime activa'' (TAMA, Anglice: ''HAART'') tractatur, in qua opportunis retroviralium [[pharmacum|pharmacorum]] coniunctionibus utuntur. Quorum usus, a suo ingressu anno [[1995]], VIDH infectorum hominum morbilitatem mortalitatemque imminuire permissum est. Talis therapia, insuper, etiam in melius immunitariorum parametrorum mutatio cum nitido lymphocytorum CD4+ auctu permittit qui manere usque ad 4-5 annos videtur cui plasmatici liquoralisque viralis oneris imminutio comitatur.
[[Fasciculus:Abacavir (Ziagen) 300mg.jpg|thumb|100px|''[[Abacavir]],'' &quot;nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor&quot; (NARTI vel NRTI)]]

TAMA usus, nihilominus, in praeliminare{{dubsig}} studio super decem VIDH-2 infectas personas lato, minorem efficaciam habere videtur quam resultationes{{dubsig}} cum VIDH-2 obtentae. In praesente, antiretroviralis sanatio ad tres classes attinentibus pharmacis utitur:

* Transcriptasi inversi inhibitoria, etiam dissimilia nucleosidicorum, nucleotidicorum et haud nucleosidicorum inhibitoriorum.
* Proteasi inhibitoria.
* Fusionis inhibitoria.

Nucleosidica transcriptasi inversi inhibitoria ut suam actionem explicent endocellularibus [[quinasum|quinasis]] triphosphorilanda sunt et continenter cum endogenis desoxynucleotidis per retrotranscriptionis processum certant. Talium compositorum efficacia de sua intracellulare concentratione et ex desoxynucleotidis cum quibus certant pendet. Hoc significat ut cellulae velut [[macrophagocytus|macrophagocyti]], limitatum{{dubsig}} [[metabolismus|metabolismum]] et ergo parvam desoxynucleotidorum concentrationem&lt;ref&gt;Ernestus Gotthold Struve D., ''Paradoxum chymicum sine igne'', Ienae, 1715, apud Ernestum Claudium Bailliar, p. 55. [http://books.google.com.br/books?id=s8MPAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PT62&amp;lpg=PT62&amp;dq=concentrationibus&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=g6-lXUDh65&amp;sig=_LFxoUn2xECZDsD0_jbEtnhzhIk&amp;hl=pt-BR&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=hfdfT8_FCOni0QHy2tynBw&amp;sqi=2&amp;ved=0CEYQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&amp;q=concentrationibus&amp;f=false] [[Libri Googles]] {{Ling|Latine}}&lt;/ref&gt; habentes, satis sensibiles talium pharmacorum actioni sunt.

Nucleotidica inhibitoria, velut [[Tenofovir]], velut competitiva transcriptasi inversi inhibitoria, sicut nucleosidica inhibitoria se gerunt, sed horum ultimorum dissimiliter, circulum [[phosphatum|phosphati]] ad [[purinum]] et [[pyrimidinum]] ligatum praebent. Quod primae phosphorilantis stationis eliminationem permittit metabolizationis stationes simplificans ad duas imminuens. Etiam talis pharmacorum categoria, sicut nucleosidica inhibitoria, maiorem actionem supra macrophagocytos quam supra infectos lymphocytos praebent. De Tenofovir [[index therapeuticus|indicem therapeuticum]] supra monocytos/macrophagocytos circiter 15 000 dum supra lymphocytos circa 20 circumire probatum est.
[[Fasciculus:abacavir.svg|thumb|100px|left|Forma chemica Abacavir]]

Proteasi inhibitoria ultimam replicativi VIDH cycli partem obstant quia viralia proteina a maturatione impediunt. Quod novorum virionum productioni liberationique obicem determinat. Talis actionis mechanismus ita facit ut proteasi inhibitoria in omnibus illis statibus utilia sint in quibus initiales cycli phases iam praeteritae, quamobrem inutilem transcriptasi inversi inhibitoriorum usum facientes. Similis status in macrophagocytis est, quae, ut supra vidimus, deposito VIDH utuntur cuius cytopathico effectu paulo sensilia sunt. In talibus cellulis virale genoma iam integratur in hospite cui una composita viralis replicationis obtandae gradu ad hunc planum in praesente proteasi inhibitoria sunt. Efficax horum compositorum concentratio super monocytos/macrophagocytos maior est quam supra lymphocyta CD4+ activa et crebro pro maximis plasmaticis concretationibus in vivo assequibilibus sunt. Quod non solum adversorum effectuum summam fovere sed etiam provocare factum potest ut in aliquibus organismi regionibus viralis replicationis inhibitio in monocytis/macrophagocytis obtenta sic manca sit. 

Fusionis inhibitoria pharmacorum categoria recentes exita quorum, hoc puncto, unum exponens Enfuvirtide est, viricae fussionis processum cum hospitis [[membrana cellulae|cellulae membrana]] impedientia. Hic processus in phases tres articulatur: contactus, ligamen ad correceptoria et membranarum fusio. Enfuvirtide peptidum proteini gp41 thema simulans. Cum proteinum gp120 ad sua receptoria ligatur, gp41 conformationalium mutationum seriem patitur quae in structurae cum tribus foliunculis β formationem culminant ponte inter virion et infectandam cellulam usae. Enfuvirtide aminoterminalem gp41 regionem impedit trium foliunculorum formationem obstans.

== Symptomatologia ==
Prima SCDI symptomata in hominibus quibusdam cum normale [[systema immunitarium|systemate immunitario]] explicatorum similia sunt. Pleraeque sunt infectiones [[bacterium|bacteriis]], [[virus|viris]], [[fungus|fungis]], [[parasitus|parasitis]] et aliis [[organismus|organismis]] allatae (Holmes et al., 2003). SCDI affecti homines quidam opportunisticae infectiones communes sunt, et variorum [[tumor]]um modorum explicandorum periculum auget sicut [[Sarcoma Kaposianum|sarcomatis Kaposiani]], cerebralis tumoris et lymphomatis. Communia symptoma [[febris]], praecipue nocturna [[insudatio]], glandularis tumiditas, [[tremor (symptoma)|tremor]], [[debilitas]] et [[attenuatio]] (Guss, 1992a; 1994b). Dimidiata uperviventia cum [[therapia retroviralis|therapia retrovirale]] 4 aut 5 annorum a confirmatae diagnosticatae SCDI puncto est (Schneider et al., 2005). Sine therapeutico fulcro mors in anno uno intervenit (Morgan et al., 2002b). Plerique patientes ob opportunisticas infectiones moritur progressivae systematis immunitarii hebetationis causa (Lawn et al., 2004).

=== SCDI definitio et VIDH infectionis ===
Usque ad annum [[1982]], epidemiologicae infectionis monitoriationi procusae sunt variae definitiones: inter quas [[definitio Banguiana]] et [[Ordo mundi sanitarius|Ordinis mundi sanitarii]] anno [[1994]] adscripto. Nihilominus, clinica patientium ordinatione non utuntur, quia nec aptae nec speciales sunt. Definitione qua Ordo mundi sanitarius utitur et ea qua CMD (Centra Morborum Dominatorum, Anglice CDC) utuntur solum explicatae civitates uti possunt. 

==== OMS infectionum et morborum VIDH ordinatio ====
Anno [[1990]], [[ordo mundi sanitarius]] (OMS) diversos casuum modos scalam VIDH-1 affectis patientibus definiens. Quae Septembri mense anni [[2005]] renovata est. Pleraeque harum opportunisticarum infectionum in de cetero sanis hominibus facile sanari possunt.

* ''Gradus I'': VIDH infectio asymptomatica est et haud SCDI characterizatur.
* ''Gradus II'': minores mucocutaneas manifestationes et recurrentes tractus respiratorii superioris infectiones includit.
* ''Gradus III'': prolatam chroniam [[diarrhoea]]m ultra mensem, graves [[bacterium|bacterianas]]{{dubsig}} infectiones, et [[tuberculosis|tuberculosem]] includit.
* ''Gradus IV'': [[cerebrum|cerebralem]] [[toxoplasmosis|toxoplasmosem]], [[oesophagus|oesophagicam]], [[trachea]]lem, [[bronchia]]lem aut [[pulmo]]narem [[candidosis|candidosem]], et [[sarcoma Kaposianum]] includit{{dubsig}}; his pathologiis SCDI indicativis utuntur.

==== VIDH infectionum ordinationis systema secundum CMD ====
In [[CFA|Civitatibus Foederatis]], SCDI definitio Officiorum Morborum Dominatorum et Praeventorum (Anglice: ''Centers for Disease Control and Prevention'') regitur. Anno [[1993]], CMD definitionem sanas personas sed seropositivas, cum [[lymphocytum|lymphocytorum]]T CD4+ numero quam 200 pro sanguinis µl inferiore, includentia amplificavere. Novorum SCDI casuum plerique in Foederatis Civitatibus diagnosticantur cum parvo [[lymphocytum T|lymphocytorum T]] numero et VIDH infectione (MMWR, 1992).

=== SCDI clinicae manifestationes ===
==== Praecipuae pulmonares pathologiae ====
===== Pneumonia Pneumocystis iiroveci =====
Pneumocystis iiroveci (orte cognitae Pneumocysitis carinii), [[pneumonia]] relative in immunocompetentibus personis rara sed in personis cum SCDI valde communior fit. Inter quas, ante efficaces tractationes explicatas et idoneas diagnosticas methodologias, de una creberrimarum mortalium causarum in opulentis civitatibus agebatur. Adhuc, praecipuorum SCDI signorum unum in haud probationi VIDH summissis hominibus manet et casus in quibus lymphocytorum CD4 numerus quam 200 pro µl inferior est prodire solet (Feldman, 2005).

===== Tuberculosis =====
[[Tuberculosis]], inter praecipuas cum VIDH infectione consocias [[pathologia]]s, unica quae aliae personae immunocompetenti via respiratoria transmitti potest. De pathologia tractatur quae etiam in primis VIDH infectionis stadiis apparere potest sed interim efficaces praeventivae therapiae
habentur. Futuro maximarum problematicarum una, attamen, crescens pharmacologicae resistentiae taxatio est. Etsi dominata in Occidentalibus civitatibus ob pharmacologicas sanationes et sanitatis publicae cautiones consideratur, incidentia sua ut augeat paratur et in subevolutis nationibus semper in magnis praevalentiae taxationibus manet, crescentis VIDH diffusionis in populatione gratia.

In primo infectionis VIDH stadio (cuius lymphocytorum CD4+ computus &gt;300 cellularum pro µl), tuberculosis praecipue pulmonaris pathologia apparet dum, processis casibus, extrapulmonare modo apparet praesertim in [[medulla ossium]], tractu gastrointestinale, [[os]]sibus, [[iecur|iecore]], [[nodus lymphaticus|nodis lymphaticis regionalibus]] et in medio [[systema nervosum|systematis nervosi]] (Decker et Lazarus, 2000).

==== Praecipuae gastrointestinalis tractus infectiones ====
===== Oesophagitis =====
[[Oesophagitis]] inferioris [[oesophagus|oesophagi]] (ducti ad [[stomachus|stomachum]] ferens) extremi superindumenti inflammatio. In infectis VIDH personis inflammationis causae sunt [[fungus|fungi]] ([[candidiasis]], [[virus|vira]] ([[herpes simplex-1]] aut [[cytomegalovirus]]. Rarius [[mycobacterium|mycobacteria]] eius causae sunt (Zaidi &amp; Cervia, 2002).

=====Chronia diarrhoea=====
In VIDH inflammationibus, multa communia [[bacterium|bacteria]] [[diarrhoea]]m efficere possunt (''[[Salmonella]], [[Scighella]], [[Listeria]], [[Campylobacter]],'' et ''[[Escherichia coli]]'') in parasitariis infectionibus, et praeterea insolitae opportunisticae infectiones velut [[cryptosporidiosis]], [[microsporidiosis]], Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) et cytomegalovirus (CMV). Diarrhoea accidere tractatione cum antibioticis potest (communis ob [[Clostridium]] difficile), collateralis alicuius pharmaci quo ad infectionem VIDH tractandam utuntur effectus esse aut simpliciter infectionem praesertim per primum stadium comitari. Ultimis infectionis VIDH stadiis diarrhoea in modo quo [[tractus intestinalis]] nutrientes substantias absorbeat mutationis cosequentia{{dubsig}} esse putatur et una principalium infirmitatis ob infectionem VIDH causarum esse potest (Guerrant et al., 1990).

====Praecipuae neurologicae pathologiae====
===== Toxoplasmosis =====
[[Toxoplasmosis]] pathologia organismo unicellulari, qui [[Toxoplasma gondii]] appellatur, affertur. Quod generatim [[systema nervosum]] centrale inficit [[encephalitis|encephalitidem]] provocans. Etiam [[oculus|oculos]] et [[pulmo]]nes inficere et eis morbos efficere potest.(Luft and Chua 2000).

===== Leukoencephalopathia multifocalis progressiva =====
[[Leukoencephalopathia multifocalis progressiva]] demyelinizatoria pathologia est qua myelinum neuronum axiona protegens involvensque gradualiter diruitur, in [[potentiale actionis|potentialis actionis]] transmissione lentitudine efficienda. Talis [[morbus]] viro in 70% populationis latente et quod cum [[systema immunitarium]] maxime debile fit reactivatur, velut in personis cum SCDI, ([[virus JC|viro JC]]) fit.

Generatim, huius morbi progressio rapida et mortem fert paucis mensibus post [[diagnosis|diagnosem]] (Sadler and Nelson [[1997]]).

===== SCDI dementia complex =====
[[SCDI dementia complex]] (aut dementia VIDH) VIDH infectione inducta encephalopathia et systemate immunitario activato (praesertim [[macrophagocytus|macrophagocytis]] et [[microglia]] ad cerebrale planum roborata est. Tales cellulares lineae productive VIDH inficiuntur et neurotoxica composita segregant, seu endogenae originis seu viralis. Quod neurologicae naturae alterationum seriei causa est: cognitivam et moralem abnormalitatem et motorias disfunctiones facit. Omnia haec post varios infectionis VIDH annos apparet et cum parvo lymphocytorum CD4+ computo et magno virale plasmatico onere consociatur.

== Contagio ==
Ab [[epidemia]]e principiis, tres contagionis VIDH viae inventae sunt:

* '''Sexualiter'''. Fere omnes infectiones viri VIDH transmissas est a participe infectis, qui non utitur interventionem artificialem in coitu sexuale, quae praeveniat disseminationem virii per divisionem [[mucosa]]rum infectarum, et genitalum atque [[eiaculatum|seminis vitae]].

* '''Per sanguinem et sua derivata'''. Haec contagionis via eis qui intravenosis stupefactivis utuntur, [[haemophilus|haemophilis]] et eis qui saguinis transfusionem aut derivata accepere praesertim praecipua est. Sanitarii sectoris operarii (aegrorum ministri, laboratorii technici, medici etc...) etiam involvuntur, etsi valde rarissime. Haec via et eos qui sibi aut aliis corporeas perforationes picturasque faciunt afficere potest.

* '''E matre in filium'''. E matre in filium contagio in utero per ultimas gestationis hebdomades et in ortu accidere potest. Etiam sinus lactatio infanti infectionis periculum producit. Sine tractatione, contagionis taxatio e matre in filium 20% est. Nihilominus, cum tractatio est et cum caesareo partu coniungitur, si possibile est, periculum in 11% imminuit.

VIDH in infectorum hominum [[saliva]], [[lacrima|lacrimis]], et [[urina]] inventum est, sed ob parvam viri concentrationem in his biologicis liquoribus, contagionis periculum sine ponderis putatur.

== Prohibitio ==
Varii VIDH contagionis modi valde cognitissimi recognitissimique sunt. Pariter contagionis praeventionis modi cognitissimi sunt. Nihilominus, recentia epidemiologica et moralia studia in Europa et Septemtrionale America consistentem magnam iuvenum minorem partem magni periculi activitatem facere sequi et quamquam SCDI notitiam habeant, SCDI contagionis periculum subaestimare suggerunt (Dias et al., 2005). VIDH contagio per stupefactivorum intravenosum usum drastice imminuit et contagio per saguinis transfusionem in hac populatione practice obsoleta est.

=== VIDH sexualis contagionis prohibitio ===
==== Scientifici aspectus ====
Receptivus sexualis coitus sine interventione artificiale quam insertivus sine interventione artificiale valde periculosior est, cum VIDH transmittendum periculo ex infecto comite in non infecto per analem coitum insertivum valde maius quam per analem coitum receptivum aut oralem sexum periculum. Secundum Ministerium Salutis Gallicum, contagionis probabilitas e 0.03% in 0.07% vaginalis coitus receptivi casu, e 0.02% in 0.05% vaginalis coitus insertivi casu, e 0.01% in 0.185% analis coitus insertivi casu, et e 0.5% in 3% analis coitus receptivi casu mutat.

* Morbi sexualiter transmissibiles (MST) VIDH infectionis contagionis periculum augent quia normalia epitelialia repagula per genitales ulcerationes aut microulcerationes frangunt et cumulatos cellularum VIDH sensilium aut VIDH infectarum ([[lymphocytum|lmphocytorum]] et [[macrophagocytus|macrophagocytorum]] circulos in semine et in vaginalibus secretionibus provocant.

Epidemiologica studia de [[Africa Subsahariana]], [[Europa]], et [[America Septentrionalis|America Septentrionali]] provenientia VIDH infectionis periculum circa quater maius esse cum genitalibus [[ulcus|ulceribus]] velut [[syphilis|syphilide]] et/aut [[ulcus molle|ulcere molle]] provocatis, et ponderis periculum, quamquam minus, cum MST sicut [[gonorrhoea]], [[chlamydia]] et [[trichomoniasis|tricomoniaside]], localiter{{dubsig}} lymphocytorum et macrophagocytorum cumulationem efficientibus, esse putant (Laga et. al.,1991).

* VIDH contagio [[patiens zerum|patientis zerum]] [[infectivitas|infectivitate]] et haud infecti comitis sensilitate pendet. Infectivitas per [[syndroma]]s et suarum pathologicarum manifestationum cursum mutare videtur et inter homines constans non est. Virale onus haud identificabile in plasmate ut parvum virale onus in [[semen|seminale liquore]] aut in genitalibus secretionibus sit non significat. Factoris 10 ARN VIDH incrementum in seminale liquore cum viri contagionis incremento 81% consociatur (Tovanabutra et al., 2002). 

* Si aliquis iam VIDH infectus est, id aliae et virulentioris speciei infectione ei non protegit.

* Buccalis sexus e periculo eximit quia VIDH per receptivos et insertivos buccales coitus transmitti posse probatum est (Rothenberg et al., 1998).

==== Prohibitionis consilia ====
In coitu sexuale solum [[praeservativum|praeservativa]] praeveniant VIDH infectionis, attamen plerumque non eliminant omnem periculum defectionibus materiale, sive inrectis indutis. Eo utendum est per totam coitalem penetrationem [[seropositivus|seropositivi]] aut incognitae seropositivitatis comitis casu, quia infectio venire per occasionales coitus potest. Multis credunt effectivus praeservativi usus et protecta sanguinis transfusiones in Septemtrionali America et Centro-Occidentali Europa in minimae SCDI incidentalis taxationis base in his regionibus retinentur. Sed has praeventionis methodos adoptare in aliquibus locis controversiae et difficultatis causa fuit. Aliqui hanc difficultatem potentis [[civitas Vaticana|Vaticani]] auctoritatis consequentiam, qui firme praeservativi usu obsistit, putant.

* Masculinum [[praeservativum]] sola efficientissima technologia sexualem VIDH infectionem et alias sexualiter transmissibiles infectiones imminuens est. Tametsi efficiens sit, eo recte per totum coitum utendum est. Lubrificatris [[oleum]] continentibus, velut [[vaselinum|vaselino]] aut [[butyrum|butyro]], non utendum est quia praeservativum porosum facientia debilitant. Si opus est, cum [[aqua|aquosa]] base lubrificatra comendantur. Praeservativum modaratam caducitatis diem habet. Caput caducitatis diem observare et normae Europaeae (EC 600) aut Americanae (D3492) suam congruentiam ante usum est.

* Femineum [[praeservativum]] masculino alternativa est et e [[polyurethanum|polyurethano]] fit, lubrificatrorum cum oleosa base usui resistens. Longiora quam masculina praeservativa sunt et cum proposito ut in vaginam inserantur fiunt.

Cum constante rectoque praeservativi usu VIDH infectionis periculum minimum est. De coniugiis in quibus coniugum unus seropositivus est studia crebrum praeservativum usum sano coniugi infectionalis incidentiae taxationem minorem quam 1% annuum esse monstravere.

==== Gubernationalia programmata ====
Gubernatio et sanitariae ordinationes [[CFA|Civitatum Foederatarum]] &quot;programma ABC&quot; promulgaverunt ut SCDI infectionis periculum per coitum imminuatur:

* '''''A'''bstinence'' ('abstinentia', aut sexualem activitatem procrastinare, praesertim iuvenibus,
* '''''B'''e faithful'' (ad verbum, 'fidelis esto'), praesertim eis qui seria coniugia habent, et
* '''''C'''ondom,'' praeservativi usus eis qui sexuales mores periculosas habent.

Hoc programma in [[Uganda]] optime successit, ubi SCDI praevalentia e 15% in 5% imminuitur. Programma tamen ABC longe est ab omnibus quae Uganda fecit, quia &quot;Uganda semel utiles conceptiones ut sociale morbi stigma imminuatur experta est, licenter de sexualibus moribus loquendo, sine sepositis scholarum studentibus SCDI percussis, coelibibus aut coniugiis ut sibi probationes faciant et consultoribus utantur suadendo, meliore femineo statu faciendo, [[religio]]sis ordinationibus, ''enlisting'' et [[tribus|tribalibus]]{{dubsig}} sanatoribus coinvolvendis, et multis aliis&quot; (Edward Green, [[medicus]] [[anthropologia|anthropologus]] [[Universitas Harvardiana|Universitatis Harvardianae]]). Praeterea, ne conclusiva{{dubsig}} probatio aliquae ut solum in abstinentia fulta programmata in aliqua mundi civitate in imminuta VIDH infectione bene successerint dicere necesse est. Quamobrem, praeservativi usus iuxta abstinentiam ferventer monetur. Aliqua confusio a '''CNN conceptionis''' superpositione derivata est. Id est:

* '''C'''ondom (praeservativi usus), eis quorum sexuales mores periculosae sint.
* [[Acus hypodermica|'''N'''eedles]] ([[acus]]), solum novis uti, (ute et iace).
* '''N'''egotiate (negotiandi capacitas); compromissum invenire ut securissime coitus cum coniuge practicetur et convenientissimi eligendi possibilitas feminae detur.

'''ABC conceptio''' vituperata est, quia fidelis infidelis [[coniugium|coniugis]] coniux SCDI infectionis periculum habet. Coniunctionem CNN conceptionis cum ABC conceptione optimum praeventionis pulpitum constituturam esse multi cogitant.

==== Circumcisio ====
In praesenti, investigatio opinabilem relationem inter [[circumcisio]]nem masculinam, in aliquibus [[cultura]]rum contextibus{{dubsig}} effectam, et VIDH explanat. Nihilominus, UNAIDS circumcisionem in praeventivo VIDH programmate inserere praematurum esse credit. Tamen, experti [[Africa Australis|Africae Australis]] [[medicus|medici]] reiteratum cultrorum insterilizatorum usum in adulescentium circumcisionis ritu VIDH diffusionem futurum esse firmant.

===Per sanguinem et derivata VIDH infectionem praevenire===
==== Scientifica fundamenta====
[[Syringa]]s condividere vel eis reuti maximum infectionis non solum VIDH, sed etiam [[hepatitis B]] et [[hepatitis C]], periculum repraesentat. In [[CFA|Civitatibus Foederatis ]] Americae, tertia omnium novarum VIDH infectionum pars ad hunc permutationis modum reduci possunt, et paene 50 centesimae toxicodependentium hepatitem C habent.

* VIDH infectionis periculum ob unam puncturam per acum, quo iam homo VIDH infectus usus sit, circiter 1 de 150 esse putatur. [[Prophylaxis postexpositionalis]] cum anti-VIDH pharmacis ulterius hanc parvam periculi centesimam imminuire potest.

* Universe recognitae cautiones frequenter in [[Africa Subsahariana]] et magna [[Asia]]e parte ob materialis inopiam ineptamque praeparationem non observantur. [[Ordo mundi sanitarius]] circiter 2.5% omnium VIDH infectionum in [[Africa Subsahariana]] ob insecuris [[iniectio]]nibus sanitaria structura practicatis transmitti censetur. Quamobrem, Consilium Generale Civitatum Foederatarum Americanarum, unanimi consensu in [[medicina|medico]] ambitu sustentatum, civitates urgenter appellavit ut universe iam acceptas cautiones intra proprias suas sanitarias structuras adoptent.

==Notae==
&lt;div class=&quot;references-small&quot;&gt;&lt;references/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

{{NexInt}}
*[[Endogenuum retrovirus]]
*[[Dies Mundi SCDI]]
*[[Wan Yanhai]]

[[Categoria:SIDA|!]]
{{1000 paginae}}

{{Myrias|Biologia}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Novaria</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="3343" sha1="6ga05f73lcz5xbvnngvyrbpynfxvu2c" xml:space="preserve">{{pro pagina discretiva vide|Novaria (discretiva)}}
{{capsa urbis Vicidata}}
[[Fasciculus:Novara san gaudenzio.jpg|thumb|Basilica   [[Sanctus Gaudentius|Sancti Gaudenti]], cuius turris est 121 metra alta]]
'''Novaria'''&lt;ref name=&quot;graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CathHier&quot;&gt;Cf. {{CathHierDiocese|nova|Dioecesis Novariensis}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://books.google.it/books?id=UvsEaRJt0ZAC&amp;dq=Il+mondo+antico,+moderno,+e+novissimo,+tomo+1&amp;hl=it&amp;source=gbs_navlinks_s ''Il mondo antico, moderno, e novissimo'', Tomo primo]&lt;/ref&gt; ({{pns|ae|f|Novaria}}; alia nomina: ''Novayra'';&lt;ref name=&quot;graesse&quot; /&gt; [[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Novara|Novara]]'') est [[Urbes Italiae|Urbs]] [[Italia]]e et [[Commune Italiae|municipium]], circiter 104&amp;thinsp;390 incolarum, in [[Regio Italiae|Regione]] [[Pedemontium|Pedemontio]] sita e caput [[Provincia Novariensis|Provinciae Novariensis]]. Urbani ''Novarienses''&lt;ref name=&quot;graesse&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CathHier&quot; /&gt; appellantur.

Urbs secunda Pedemontii regionis est, quod ad incolas pertinet.

== Insignia ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Fasciculus:Corona di città.svg|''[[Urbs Italiae]]''
Fasciculus:Merito civile gold medal BAR.svg|''[[Urbs nomismate aureum ob virtutem civilem decoratum]]''
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Historia ==
Novaria iam a Liguriis condita est. Postea [[municipium]] Romanum factus est. Novaria erat apud viam inter [[Vercellae|Vercellas]] et [[Mediolanum]]. 

Anno [[386]], [[Magnus Maximus]] Novariam, quae adversarius [[Valentinianus II]] sustinuerat, delevit. [[Theodosius]] [[imperator]] urbem restituit.

== Clari cives ==
Novariae olim vixerunt aut nati sunt et hodie vivunt multi praeclari viri atque feminae, inter alios:
=== Nati ===
* [[Guido Cantelli]], [[concentus magister]]
* [[Anscharius Aloisius Scalfarus]], [[praeses]] rei publicae [[Italia]]e ab anno [[1992]] usque ad annum [[1999]]

== Aedificia egregia ==
* Basilica Sancti Gaudenti,
* Ecclesia cathedralis Assumptionis B.M.V.
* Ecclesia Sacri Cordis.

== Ecclesia Catholica Romana ==
Novaria [[sedes episcopalis]] [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Ecclesiae Catholicae Romanae]] est. Nomen sedis episcopalis [[Dioecesis Novariensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;CathHier&quot; /&gt; est. Praesens episcopus est [[Renatus Corti]].

== Fractiones, vici et loci in municipio ==
=== Fractiones ===
''Agognate, Casalgiate, Cascina Montà, Cascina Roggia Mora, Gionzana, Isarno, Lumellogno, Olengo, Pagliate, Pernate, Torrion Quartara, Veveri, Vignale''.

== Municipia finitima ==
* [[Caltiniaca]], 
* [[Camerium]], 
* [[Casalinum]], 
* [[Galeatum (Pedemontium)|Galeatum]], 
* [[Garbanea Novariensium]], 
* [[Granotium cum Monticello]], 
* [[Nibiola]], 
* [[Romentinum]], 
* [[Fanum Sancti Petri Novariensium]], 
* [[Tercade]] (gen. ''Tercadis''), deinde [[Trecate]] (gen. ''Trecatis'').

{{NexInt}}
* [[Pedemontium]] (''regionem''),
* [[Provincia Novariensis|Provinciam Novariensem]],
* [[Urbes Italiae]].

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081020193624/http://www.comune.novara.it/ Situs publicus] {{Ling|Lingua Italiana{{!}}Italiane}}
{{CommuniaCat|Novara|Novariam}}

== Pinacotheca ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Imago:Coats of arms of None.svg|Collocatio finium Municipii in Provincia Novariensi.
Imago: Novara sacro cuore.jpg |Ecclesia Sacri Cordis
&lt;/gallery&gt;

{{Capita provinciarum Italiae}}

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Novaria| ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Programma computatrale</title>
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      <text bytes="3116" sha1="ga3zo04xhutk3jztdh3au6lkcrc9gp4" xml:space="preserve">{{latinitas|-2}}
 
'''Programma computatrale,'''&lt;ref&gt;Ex pagina [[Words]]; Vide etiam [https://web.archive.org/web/20070122090721/http://www.obta.uw.edu.pl/%7Edraco/docs/voccomp.html ''Vocabula computralia''] ([[lingua Latina]] et [[lingua Anglica|Anglica]]).&lt;/ref&gt; vel '''programma computatoris'''{{FD ref}} breviter '''programma,'''&lt;ref&gt;John C. Traupman, ''Latin and English Dictionary'' (Novi Eboraci: Bantam Books, Random House, 2007), 627.&lt;/ref&gt; est [[res informatica]] velut folium memoria fixa servatum iussa [[computatrum|computatralia]] cohibens seu praecontinens. Haec iussa memoria volatili et lecta et [[processorium medium|processorio medio]] exhibita trahunt ut computatrum res speciales quasdam in seriem ordinatam efficiat. Iussa computatralia quippe in [[lingua machinalis|codice machinali]] scribuntur, sed non est necessarium codicem scire ut usores programmate utantur. Programmata iam in lingua machinali versa, quae dicuntur pellibilia, pellere possumus tam solum [[iconos|iconum]] {{dubsig}} in [[tabulatrum| tabulatro]] pulsando seu premendo vel nomen in computatrum referendo. 

==Species programmatum==
[[Fasciculus:Abiword 2.4.png|thumb|Despectus tabulatralis in editorium [[AbiWord]].]]
Adsunt multae programmatum species. [[Systema administrativum computatrale]] est programmatum fundamentalium coniunctum quod principales computatri functiones interactionesque administrat. Alia programmata sunt programmata compilandi, editionis, tabularum computativarum, epistularum electronicarum, per interrete navigandi, et [[:Categoria:Ludi computatrales|ludorum computatralium]]. Etiam sunt programmata ut nos ipsi scribamus.

=== Exempla programmatum ===
{{div col|2}}
*[[Abiword]]
*[[Excel]]
*[[Explorer]]
*[[GCC]]
*[[LabView]]
*[[Matlab]]
*[[Mozilla_Firefox|Mozilla Firefox]]
*[[Open Office]]
*[[Words|Whitaker's Words]] 
*[[Word]]
*[[:Categoria:Ludi computatrales|Ludi computatrales]]
*[[Second Life]]
{{div col end}}

==Linguae computatrales==
[[Fasciculus:Python_add5_syntax.svg|thumb|Exemplum linguae computatralis [[Python (lingua programmandi)|Python]].]]
Medium computatri processorium solum iussa computatralia scripta in sua [[Lingua machinarum]] fungitur, sed haec lingua inter varia computatra differt, difficilisque est ea uti, quam ob rem habemus compilatra, programmata quae varias [[lingua programmationis|linguas programmandi]] ad linguam machinarum convertunt. 

===Linguae vel codices programmandi principales===
Sunt milia linguarum computatralium, inter eas, exempli gratia:
{{div col|3}}
*[[Algol]]
*[[Basic]]
*[[C (lingua programmationis)|C]]
*[[C++]] 
*[[C#]] 
*[[D (lingua programmandi)|D]]
*[[Delphi (lingua programmandi)|Delphi]] 
*[[Fortran]]
*[[Haskell]]
*[[Java]]
*[[Lingua machinalis]]
*[[Lisp]]
*[[Pascal]]
*[[Perl]]
*[[PHP]]
*[[Prolog]]
*[[Tcl]]
{{div col end}}

{{NexInt}}
*[[Algorithmus]]
*[[Appy Pie]]
*[[Corpus programmatum]]
*[[Informatica]]
*[[Licentia]]
*[[Congruentia licentiarum]]
*[[Paradigma programmandi]]
*[[Praecompressor]]
*[[Programmatura computatralis]]

==Notae==
&lt;references/&gt;

[[Categoria:Programmata computatralia|!]]
{{Myrias|Technologia}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Provincia Terulensis</title>
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      <text bytes="123675" sha1="8w7jltmlvuzmg6lhqn23altze8dawcu" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}
'''Provincia Terulensis'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-87-1995-ocr.pdf ''Acta Apostolicae Sedis: Acta Ioannis Pauli PP.II, Epistula Apostolica Episcopis, clero, fidelibus anni MM Iubilaeum ad parandum''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Cum Episcopus Polanco Terulium venit (...)  a Commissione delegata Terulensi recognita, Terulium translata sunt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; aut '''Turbensis''' ([[Hispanice]] ac [[Aragonice]] ''Provincia de Teruel''; [[Catalanice]] ''Província de Terol'') est [[provincia]] [[Hispania|Hispanica]]. Quae Aragonicarum provinciarum extrema ad meridiem versa est; ad septentrionem inter [[provincia Caesaraugustana|provinciam Caesaraugustanam]] [[Aragonia]]e et [[Communitas Valentina|Communitatem Valentinam]] ([[Provincia Valentiae|provinciam Valentiae]] ac [[provincia Castaliae|provinciam Castaliae]], respective) ad meridiem ortumque; ad septentrionem ortumque inter [[Catalaunia]]m ([[Provincia Tarraconensis|Provinciam Tarraconensem]]) et [[Castella-Manica|Castellam-Manicam]] ([[Conca (provincia)|provinciam Concae]] ac [[Provincia Guadalaxarae|provinciam Guadalaxarae]]) ad occasum contenta.

Provinciae [[superficies]] est 14&amp;thinsp;804 km². Hominum 135&amp;thinsp;309 eam incolunt (anno 2023), quorum quarta incolarum pars [[Terulium|caput homonymum]] habitant. Provincialis [[densitas incolarum]], 9,77 incolarum pro km², secunda infima post [[provincia Soria|provinciam Soriam]] (8,9 incolarum pro km²) in [[Hispania]] est.

Municipiorum 236, quorum dimidium cum minus quam 200 incolarum, habet.

== Commarcae Provinciae Terulensis sive Turbensis ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Nomen [[Lingua latina|Lat.]] (Nomen [[Lingua Hispanica|His.]], [[lingua Aragonensis|Ara.]], et [[lingua Catalana|Cat.]])
! Caput Lat. (Caput His., Ara. et Cat.)
|- 
| [[Martinus Inferior]] (His. ''Bajo Martín'', Ara. ''Baixo Martín'', Cat. ''Baix Martín'') 
| [[Ixarium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Hofmannus}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; sive [[Isaurum (Aragonia)|Isaurum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; sive [[Ixar]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;&gt;[https://ocharraire.blogspot.com/p/toponimia-mayor-aragonesa-l.html ''O Charraire: Toponimia Mayor Aragonesa (A-L)'']&lt;/ref&gt; sive [[Yxar]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; (His. ''Híjar'', Ara. ''Íxar'', Cat. ''Híxar'') 
|-
| [[Xiloca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt; (His. et Cat.''Jiloca'', Ara. ''Xiloca'') 
| [[Calamocha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;&gt;Vide [https://toponhisp.org/es/toponimia-de-aragon-cantabria-y-la-rioja/consulta-diccionario/12 ''Toponimia de Aragón, Cantabria y La Rioja''].&lt;/ref&gt; sive [[Calamoia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt; seu [[Calamoxa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt; (His., Ara. et Cat. Calamocha) et [[Mons Regalis (Terulium)|Mons Regalis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;&gt;[https://ocharraire.blogspot.com/p/toponimia-mayor-aragonesa-m-z.html ''O Charraire: Toponimia Mayor Aragonesa (M-Z)'']&lt;/ref&gt; (His. et Cat. ''Monreal del Campo'', Ara. ''Mont-reyal'') 
|-
| [[Regiones Metalliferae]] (His. et Cat. ''Cuencas Mineras'', Ara. ''Cuencas Meneras'') 
| [[Mons Albanus (Terulium)|Mons Albanus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt; (His., Ara. et Cat. ''Montalbán'') et [[Utrillae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt; (His. et Cat. ''Utrillas'', et Ara. ''Utriellas'')
|-
| [[Andorra-Serra Arcuum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; (His. ''Andorra- Sierra de Arcos'', Ara. 'Andorra- Sierra d'Arcos'', Cat. ''Andorra-Serra d'Arcs'') 
| [[Andorra (Aragonia)|Andorra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; (His., Ara. et Cat. ''Andorra'') 
|-
| [[Aragonia Inferior (commarca)|Aragonia Inferior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Aragonia Inferior&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Flora_34_0577-0591.pdf ''Flora nº 37''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) prope pagum Bera in Aragonia inferior (...) et Guerra in Aragonia inferiore (...) et alibi in Aragonia inferiore (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (His. ''Bajo Aragón'', Ara. ''Baixo Aragón'', Cat. ''Baix Aragó'') 
| [[Alcanitium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; sive [[Alcanicia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Alcanicha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; (His. ''Alcañiz'', A. ''Alcanyiz'' Cat. ''Alcanyís'') 
|-
| [[Communitas Terulii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt; (His. ''Comunidad de Teruel'', Ara. ''Comunidat de Teruel'', Cat. ''Comunitat de Terol'') 
| [[Terulium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt; sive [[Terulum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&amp;cq=M%C3%BCnchen&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt; sive [[Teruela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt; sive [[Turia (urbs)|Turia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt; sive Turula&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt; sive [[Turba (urbs)|Turba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Turba&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.gutenberg.org/files/27167/27167-h/27167-h.htm ''Historia de Teruel'', auctore C. Blasco y Val, apud ''The Project Gutenberg''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Teruel la antigua, llamada ''Turba'' o ''Túrbula'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; sive [[Turulium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt; sive [[Turolum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt; sive [[Turolium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt; sive [[Turbula]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Turba&quot;/&gt; (His. et Ara. ''Teruel'', Cat. ''Terol'') 
|-
| [[Magistratus (Terulium)|Magistratus]] (His. ''Maestrazgo'', Ara. ''Mayestrato'', Cat. ''Maestrat'') 
| [[Carthago Vetus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt; sive [[Cantavetula]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Vetulacanta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; (His. ''Cantavieja'', Cat. ''Cantavella'', Ara. ''Cantaviella'') 
|-
| [[Serra Albarracina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Serra Albarracina&quot;&gt;De vocabulo &quot;serra&quot;, vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20250918025612/http://ducange.enc.sorbonne.fr/SERRA2 Du Cange et al. auctoribus, ''Glossarium mediae et infimae latinitatis''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) SERRA, pro Monte, vel colle usurpari cœpit: qua notione Hispani etiamnum ''Sierras'' dicunt (...)&quot;; et, de gentilicio &quot;Albarracinus-a-um&quot;, confer, exempli gratia, [[binomen|epitheton binominis]] &quot;Metopoceras albarracina&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (His. ''Sierra de Albarracín'', Ara. ''Sierra d'Albarracín'', Cat. ''Serra d'Albarrasí'') 
| [[Lobetum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt; sive [[Albaracinum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; sive [[Albarrazinum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; (His. et Ara. ''Albarracín'', Cat. ''Albarrasí'') 
|-
| [[Gudar-Iavalambre]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; (His. et Cat. ''Gúdar-Javalambre'', Ara. ''Gúdar-Chabalambre'') 
| [[Mora (Terulium)|Mora]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt; (His. et Ara. ''Mora de Rubielos'', Cat. ''Móra de Rubiols'') 
|-
| [[Marrania]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt; (His. ''Matarraña'', Cat. et Ara. ''Matarranya'') 
| [[Vallis de Robres]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt; seu [[Vallis de Roures]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt; (His. ''Valderrobres'', Ara. ''Val de Robres'', Cat. ''Vall-de-roures'') et [[Calaceite]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Calazeyte]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; (His. ''Calaceite'', Ara.et Cat. ''Calaceit'') 
|}

== Provinciae communia ==

[[Fasciculus:Teruel - Mapa municipal.svg|thumb|300px|Provinciae communium tabula]]

{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;
! Municipium [[Lingua Latina|Latine]]
! Nomen [[Lingua Hispanica|Hispanicum]]
! Nomen [[Lingua Aragonensis|Aragoniense]]
! Nomen [[Lingua Catalana|Catalanicum]]
! Superficies&lt;br /&gt;Km²&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20111204174343/http://www.aragon.es/DepartamentosOrganismosPublicos/Organismos/InstitutoAragonesEstadistica/AreasTematicas/Territorio/ci.01_Datos_Geograficos.detalleDepartamento?channelSelected=0 Superficie de las provincias, comarcas/delimitaciones comarcales y municipios de Aragón]&lt;/ref&gt;
! Incolae&lt;br /&gt;(2009)
! Densitas&lt;br /&gt;hab/Km²
! Commarca&lt;ref name=&quot;Commarca&quot;&gt;De hoc lemmate, vide [https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Traditiones_Emmerammenses_(Anamodus_Ratisponensis) ''Traditiones Emmerammenses (Anamodus Ratisponensis)'' apud ''Vicifontem''], ubi dicitur &quot;commarcarum colligens. . . . De commarca vero . . . in commarcam.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;
! Iudicialis plaga&lt;ref&gt;Vide lemma &quot;partido xudicial&quot; apud ''Dicionario Galego-Latino Clásico e Moderno'', auctore Iosepho López Díaz.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20130613002135/http://www.cgpe.es/provincia.aspx?idprovincia=50 Consejo General de Procuradores de España] (Hispanice).&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20150923221931/http://www.cgpe.es/provincia.aspx?idprovincia=44 Consejo General de Procuradores de España]&lt;/ref&gt;
! Altitudo&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20111204174343/http://www.aragon.es/DepartamentosOrganismosPublicos/Organismos/InstitutoAragonesEstadistica/AreasTematicas/Territorio/ci.01_Datos_Geograficos.detalleDepartamento?channelSelected=0 Zonas altimétricas por rangos en Aragón y España, y altitud de los municipios de Aragón]&lt;/ref&gt;
|- 
| [[Abeiuela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Albeiuela&quot;&gt;In hac latinizatione, littera I latina loco litterae Hispanicae J posita est.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Abejuela''
| ''Abechuela''
| ''Abellola''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 86,67
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 57
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 0,78
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Gudar-Iavalambre]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.167
|- 
| [[Alacon]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; seu [[Alaquon]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| ''Alacón''
| ''Alacón''
| ''Alacón''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 47,50
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 384
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8,53
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Andorra-Serra Arcuum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 702
|-  
| [[Alava (Terulium)|Alava]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Alaba (Terulium)|Alaba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| ''Alba'' sive ''Alba del Campo''
| ''Alba'' sive ''Álaba''
| ''Alba''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 69,53
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 250
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,60
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Communitas Terulii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 974
|-
| [[Albalat de Episcopo]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| ''Albalate del Arzobispo''
| ''Albalat de l'Arcebispe''
| ''Albalat de l'Arzebispe''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 205,69
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2.195
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,88
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Aragonia Inferior (commarca)|Aragonia Inferior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Aragonia Inferior&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcañiz
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 343
|- 
| [[Alcaine]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Arcaine]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Arcayne]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| ''Alcaine''
| ''Alcaine''
| ''Alcaine''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 57,38
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 67
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,29
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Regiones Metalliferae]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 643
|- 
| [[Alcala Silvae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Alcala Silvae&quot;&gt;Genetivus singularis ‘Silvae’ additur ut locutio Hispanica ‘de la Selva’ in linguam Latinam vertatur et ut toponyma ‘Alcala’ et ‘Alchala’ in documento [https://ocharraire.blogspot.com/p/toponimia-mayor-aragonesa-l.html ''O Charraire: Toponimia Mayor Aragonesa (A-L)''] reperta ab aliis toponymis homonymis distinguantur.&lt;/ref&gt; sive [[Alchala Silvae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Alcala Silvae&quot;/&gt;
| ''Alcalá de la Selva''
| ''Alcalá de la Selva''
| ''Alcalá de la Selva''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 104,95
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 513
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4,86
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Gudar-Iavalambre]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.404
|- 
| [[Alcanitium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; sive [[Alcanicia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Alcanicha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| ''Alcañiz''
| ''Alcanyiz''
| ''Alcanyís''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 472,12
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 16.392
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 33,01
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Aragonia Inferior (commarca)|Aragonia Inferior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Aragonia Inferior&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcanitium&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 340
|- 
| [[Alcorisa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Alcorissa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| ''Alcorisa''
| ''Alcorisa''
| ''Alcorisa''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 121,20
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3.698
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 30,12
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Aragonia Inferior (commarca)|Aragonia Inferior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Aragonia Inferior&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcanitium&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 632
|- 
| [[Alfambra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Alhambra (Terulium)|Alhambra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| ''Alfambra''
| ''Alfambra''
| ''Alfambra''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 122,44
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 723
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,17
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Communitas Terulii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.047
|- 
| [[Aliga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rationes&quot;&gt;[http://books.google.es/books?id=ZGlpAAAAIAAJ&amp;q=amonezir+%22rationes+decimarum%22&amp;dq=amonezir+%22rationes+decimarum%22&amp;hl=es&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=hdDWUZdbhZDsBvPigNAH&amp;ved=0CDQQ6AEwAA ''Rationes decimarum Hispaniae (1279-80): Aragón y Navarra''].&lt;/ref&gt; sive [[Aliaga (Terulium)|Aliaga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Aliaga&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ocharraire.blogspot.com/p/toponimia-mayor-aragonesa-l.html ''O Charraire: Toponimia Mayor Aragonesa (A-L)''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Aliaga, Ailaga, Iliacham, Aliacca, Aliacce, Aylacha, Aliace [1118 (...)&quot;. Formae &quot;Aliacce&quot; et &quot;Aliace&quot; intellegi possunt in hoc documento ut locativi aut dativi aut genetivi singulares primae declinationis, quarum nominativi essent &quot;Aliacca&quot; et &quot;Aliaca&quot; respective, et forma &quot;Iliacham&quot; intellegi potest in hoc documento ut Iliacham singularis primae declinationis, cuius nominativus esset &quot;Iliacha&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; sive [[Iliacha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Aliaga&quot;/&gt; sive [[Aliacca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Aliaga&quot;/&gt; sive [[Aylacha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Aliaga&quot;/&gt; sive [[Aliaca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Aliaga&quot;/&gt;
| ''Aliaga''
| ''Aliaga''
| ''Aliaga''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 193,08
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 384
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,19
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Regiones Metalliferae]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.105
|- 
| [[Allepuz]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rationes&quot;/&gt;
| ''Allepuz''
| ''Allepuz''
| ''Allepús''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 67,26
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 134
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,01
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Magistratus (Terulium)|Magistratus]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.424
|- 
| [[Alloza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| ''Alloza''
| ''Alloza''
| ''Alloza''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 81,60
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 711
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8,55
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Andorra-Serra Arcuum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcanitium&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 668
|- 
| [[Alluvera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rationes&quot;/&gt; seu [[Allueva]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; seu [[Allueba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| ''Allueva''
| ''Allueva''
| ''Allueva''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18,65
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 15
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 0,70
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Xiloca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.200
|- 
| [[Almazanera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Almazanera&quot;&gt;Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manzanera_(Teruel)#Toponimia commentationem de hoc municipio apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) En la versión latina, en latín, talment de 1249 s'escribe ''Almazaneram'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; sive [[Maçanera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Maçanera&quot;&gt;Vide [https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manzanera#Edad_Media commentationem de hoc municipio apud Vicipaediam Hispanicam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''locum illum que apellatur Maçanera'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; sive [[Manzaneda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt; sive [[Mançanera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| ''Manzanera''
| ''Manzanera''
| ''Maçanera''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 168,66
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 561
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,22
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Gudar-Iavalambre]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 994
|- 
| [[Almofaia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Almofaia&quot;&gt;Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almofalla#Toponimia commentationem de hoc municipio apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Peraselç et Almofaia. Eadem die procurator presentavit processum vicario (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Almohaja''
| ''Almofalla''
| ''Almofalla''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 25,55
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 23
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,10
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Communitas Terulii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.199
|- 
| [[Alobrae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-as&quot;&gt;In hac latinizatione, terminatio Hispanica in ‘-as’ huius toponymi ut accusativus pluralis primae declinationis intellecta est, ergo hoc toponymum cum terminatione ‘-ae’ nominativi pluralis respectivi latinizatum est.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Alobras''
| ''Alobras''
| ''Alobras''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 30,72
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 70
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,31
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Communitas Terulii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.110
|- 
| [[Alpennes]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Alpenyes]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| ''Alpeñés''
| ''Alpenyés''
| ''Alpenyés''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 28,62
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 25
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 0,91
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Communitas Terulii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.223
|- 
| [[Alventosa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Alventosa&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.jaumeprimer.uji.es/cgi-bin/arxiu.php?noriginal=000053 ''Arxiu Virtual Jaume I''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) super castro et villa de Alventosa (...) villam de Alventosa (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; seu [[Albentosa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| ''Albentosa''
| ''Albentosa''
| ''Alventosa''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 68,00
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 317
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4,91
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Gudar-Iavalambre]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 952
|- 
| [[Anadon]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| ''Anadón''
| ''Anadón''
| ''Anadón''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 24,62
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 20
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 0,85
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Regiones Metalliferae]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.112
|- 
| [[Andorra (Aragonia)|Andorra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| ''Andorra''
| ''Andorra''
| ''Andorra''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 141,36
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8.403
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 57,70
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Andorra-Serra Arcuum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcanitium&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 714
|- 
| [[Aqua Viva (Terulium)|Aqua Viva]] seu [[Aquaviva (Terulium)|Aquaviva]]
| ''Aguaviva''
| ''Auguaviva''
| ''Aiguaviva de Bergantes''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 42,15
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 713
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 16,68
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Aragonia Inferior (commarca)|Aragonia Inferior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Aragonia Inferior&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcañiz
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 549
|- 
| [[Aquatus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cortés Valenciano&quot;&gt;Auctore [[Marcelinus Cortés Valenciano|Marcelinus Cortés Valenciano]], ''Toponimia aragonesa antroponímica con la terminación -ón (I)'', [[Alazet]], n° 30, [[2018]], ISSN 0214-7602.&lt;/ref&gt; seu [[Agatonus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cortés Valenciano&quot;/&gt;
| ''Aguatón''
| ''Aguatón''
| ''Aguatón''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 21,64
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 21
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 0,97
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Communitas Terulii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.225
|- 
| [[Aquilare Alfambrae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Aquilare Alfambrae&quot;&gt;Hispanicum toponymum ''Aguilar'' latinizari ut ''Aquilare'' solet. E.g., vide [https://toponhisp.org/es/toponimia-de-aragon-cantabria-y-la-rioja/consulta-diccionario/12 ''Toponimia de Aragón, Cantabria y La Rioja''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) cuius uocabulo fertur territorio ''Aquilare'' (...)&quot;. De &quot;Alfambra&quot;, vide [https://ocharraire.blogspot.com/p/toponimia-mayor-aragonesa-l.html ''O Charraire: Toponimia Mayor Aragonesa (A-L)''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ALFAMBRA: Alfambra, Alhambra, Alhanbre, Alfambre [1158] (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Aguilar del Alfambra'' seu ''Aguilar de Alfambra''
| ''Aguilar d'Alfambra''
| ''Aguilar d'Alfambra''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 39,04
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 66
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,84
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Communitas Terulii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.302
|- 
| [[Archus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Archus&quot;&gt;De toponymo &quot;Archus-us&quot;, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/436247312/Cartes-Pobla-Del-s-XIII-Castelvispal#content=query:archubus,pageNum:2,indexOnPage:2,bestMatch:false ''Cartes Pobla del s. XIII''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) versus cuoque partes de Alpont habeat terminum usque ad collem de Archubus et sicut vadit de colle de Archubus et aque discurrunt versus partem de Liria (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Arcos de las Salinas''
| ''Arcos de las Salinas''
| ''Arcs de les Salines''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 112,99
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 122
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,09
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Gudar-Iavalambre]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.068
|- 
| [[Areae (Terulium)|Areae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Areae&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ocharraire.blogspot.com/p/toponimia-mayor-aragonesa-l.html ''O Charraire: Toponimia Mayor Aragonesa (A-L)''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ARENS DE LLEDÓ: Areas, Areins, Arens, Areyns [1207] (...)&quot;. Forma &quot;Areas&quot; intellegi potest in hoc documento ut accusativus pluralis primae declinationis, cuius nominativus pluralis esset &quot;Areae&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Arens de Lledó''
| ''Arens de Ledón''
| ''Arenys de Lledó''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 34,27
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 214
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,65
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Marrania]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcanitium&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 381
|- 
| [[Areneum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Areneum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.ayuntamiento.es/arino/ ''Situs interretialis Concilii Municipalis Arenei''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Ariño es la evolución del latín ''areneum'' (arenoso) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Ariño''
| ''Arinyo''
| ''Arinyo''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 81,93
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 950
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,58
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Andorra-Serra Arcuum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcanitium&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 536
|- 
| [[Argentum (Terulium)|Argentum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Argentum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://secregen.unizar.es/sites/secregen/files/archivos/san%20braulio/alocucion2007.pdf auctore Augustino Ubieto Arteta, ''Propuesta metodológica y didáctica para el estudio del patrimonio''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Argente de Teruel, derivado del latín ''argentum'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Argente''
| ''Archent''
| ''Argente''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 62,58
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 241
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4,03
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Communitas Terulii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.253
|- 
| [[Arrodenes]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt; sive [[Rodenae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-as&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| ''Ródenas''
| ''Rodenas''
| ''Ródenas''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 44,26
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 71
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,94
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Serra Albarracina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Serra Albarracina&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.370
|-
| [[Atheba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Atheba&quot;&gt;Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20240522182243/https://www.laiglesueladelcid.es/el-pueblo/historia/primeros-asentamientos/ ''Situs interretialis Concilii Municipalis Athebae''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) De la época íbera (s. II-I a. C.) se encuentra 3 inscripciones que hoy forman parte de las paredes de la ermita, entonces la población era llamada Atheba. (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; sive [[Ecclesia del Cit]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| ''La Iglesuela del Cid''
| ''La Iglesuela''
| ''L'Anglesola''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 40,29
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 502
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12,19
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Magistratus (Terulium)|Magistratus]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcanitium&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.227
|- 
| [[Badenes]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Varenae&quot;/&gt; sive [[Vadenae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Varenae&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ocharraire.blogspot.com/p/toponimia-mayor-aragonesa-l.html ''O Charraire: Toponimia Mayor Aragonesa (A-L)''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) BADENAS: Badenes, Vadenas [1158] (...)&quot;. Forma &quot;Vadenas&quot; intellegi potest in hoc documento ut accusativus pluralis primae declinationis, cuius nominativus pluralis esset &quot;Vadenae&quot;. Altera ex parte, forma &quot;Badenes&quot; ut nominativus, vocativus vel accusativus pluralis tertiae declinationis intellegi potest, vel proinde ut vocabulum invariabile considerari potest.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Bádenas''
| ''Badenas''
| ''Badenas''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 31,31
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 25
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 0,96
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Xiloca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 997
|- 
| [[Baguena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baguena&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ocharraire.blogspot.com/p/toponimia-mayor-aragonesa-l.html ''O Charraire: Toponimia Mayor Aragonesa (A-L)''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) BÁGUENA: Baguena, Badagano, Vaguena, Väguena [1205] (...)&quot;. Forma &quot;Badagano&quot; intellegi potest in hoc documento ut ablativus aut dativus singularis secundae declinationis, cuius nominativus esset &quot;Badaganus&quot;, si genus masculinum, aut &quot;Badaganum&quot;, si neutrum; vel etiam ut vocabulum invariabile e sermone romano vulgari regionis ortum.&lt;/ref&gt; sive [[Badaganum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baguena&quot;/&gt; sive [[Badaganus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baguena&quot;/&gt; sive [[Vaguena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Baguena&quot;/&gt; 
| ''Báguena''
| ''Baguena''
| ''Báguena''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 25,17
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 410
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 16,17
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Xiloca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 796
|- 
| [[Baicellae Serrae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;A Vicipaediano&quot;/&gt;
| ''Veguillas de la Sierra''
| ''Beguiellas d'el Cuervo''
| ''Veguillas de la Sierra''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13,67
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 27
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,05
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Communitas Terulii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.270
|- 
| [[Banio (Terulium)|Banio]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cortés Valenciano&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-onis&quot;/&gt; sive [[Banyon]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Castellon&quot;/&gt;
| ''Bañón''
| ''Banyón''
| ''Banyón''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 54,27
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 171
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,10
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Xiloca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.141
|- 
| [[Barrachina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Varrachina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Barraçina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Barraçina&quot;&gt;Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrachina#Toponimia commentationem de hoc municipio apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) et Monte Regale versus Barraçina et usque Castello Orta dicto, sex millibus distans a Tortosa et infra (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| ''Barrachina''
| ''Barrachina''
| ''Barrachina''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 24,86
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 157
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,03
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Xiloca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.047
|- 
| [[Bea (Terulium)|Bea]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Vea]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Veya]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| ''Bea''
| ''Beya''
| ''Bea''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 23,37
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 37
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,71
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Xiloca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.129
|- 
| [[Bellum (Terulium)|Bellum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bellum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ocharraire.blogspot.com/p/toponimia-mayor-aragonesa-l.html ''O Charraire: Toponimia Mayor Aragonesa (A-L)''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) BELLO: Bello [1205] (...)&quot;. Forma &quot;Bello&quot; intellegi potest in hoc documento ut ablativus aut dativus singularis secundae declinationis, cuius nominativus esset &quot;Bellus&quot;, si genus masculinum, aut &quot;Bellum&quot;, si neutrum; vel etiam ut vocabulum invariabile e sermone romano vulgari regionis ortum.&lt;/ref&gt; sive [[Bellus (Terulium)|Bellus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bellum&quot;/&gt;
| ''Bello''
| ''Bello''
| ''Bello''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 52,49
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 285
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,89
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Xiloca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.006
|- 
| [[Bellus Mons (Terulium)|Bellus Mons]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bellus Mons&quot;&gt;Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belmont_de_Sant_Chus%C3%A9#Toponimiacommentationem de hoc municipio apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Peraselç et Almofaia. Eadem die procurator presentavit processum vicario (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; sive [[Bellomons]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bellomons&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ocharraire.blogspot.com/p/toponimia-mayor-aragonesa-l.html ''O Charraire: Toponimia Mayor Aragonesa (A-L)''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) BELMONTE DE SAN JOSÉ: Belmont, Velmont, Velmonte, Bellomonte [1232] (...)&quot;. Forma &quot;Bellomonte&quot; intellegi potest in hoc documento ut dativus aut abaltivus singularis tertiae declinationis, cuius nominativus singularis esset &quot;Bellomons&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Belmonte de San José''
| ''Belmont de Sant Chusé''
| ''Bellmunt de Mesquí''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 33,96
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 145
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4,18
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Aragonia Inferior (commarca)|Aragonia Inferior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Aragonia Inferior&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcanitium&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 661
|- 
| [[Berge]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Berie]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| ''Berge''
| ''Berche''
| ''Berge''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 42,64
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 273
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,10
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Aragonia Inferior (commarca)|Aragonia Inferior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Aragonia Inferior&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcanitium&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 718
|- 
| [[Bezeite]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| ''Beceite''
| ''Beceit''
| ''Beseit''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 96,72
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 621
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,18
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Marrania]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcanitium&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 579
|- 
| [[Blancae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-as&quot;/&gt;
| ''Blancas''
| ''Blancas''
| ''Blancas''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 73,80
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 159
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,28
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Xiloca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.047
|- 
| [[Blessa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Blesa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| ''Blesa''
| ''Blesa''
| ''Blesa''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 80,39
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 123
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,53
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Regiones Metalliferae]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 766
|- 
| [[Buenya]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| ''Bueña''
| ''Buenya''
| ''Buenya''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 40,75
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 71
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,74
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Xiloca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.213
|- 
| [[Burado]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cortés Valenciano&quot;/&gt; sive [[Burdo (Terulium)|Burdo]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cortés Valenciano&quot;/&gt;
| ''Bordón''
| ''Bordón''
| ''Bordó''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 29,98
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 142
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4,54
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Magistratus (Terulium)|Magistratus]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcanitium&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 828
|- 
| [[Burbaguena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Burbagena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Burbagana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Burbacana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Burbachana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Burbaga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Burbaca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Burvaguena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| ''Burbáguena''
| ''Burbaguena''
| ''Burbáguena''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 39,02
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 310
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,64
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Xiloca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 816
|- 
| [[Cabra de Mora]]
| ''Cabra de Mora''
| ''Cabra de Mora''
| ''Cabra de Mora''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 34,31
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 89
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,56
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Gudar-Iavalambre]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.085
|- 
| [[Calaceite]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Calazeyte]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| ''Calaceite''
| ''Calaceit''
| ''Calaceit''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 81,33
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.131
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13,84
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Marrania]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcanitium&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 511
|- 
| [[Calamocha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt; sive [[Calamoia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt; seu [[Calamoxa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| ''Calamocha''
| ''Calamocha''
| ''Calamocha''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 316,63
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4.776
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 14,41
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Xiloca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 884
|- 
| [[Calanda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Chalanda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Colenda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| ''Calanda''
| ''Calanda''
| ''Calanda''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 112,25
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3.889
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 33,29
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Aragonia Inferior (commarca)|Aragonia Inferior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Aragonia Inferior&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcanitium&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 466
|- 
| [[Calomarde]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| ''Calomarde''
| ''Calomart''
| ''Calomart''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 28,18
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 92
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,19
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Serra Albarracina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Serra Albarracina&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.312
|- 
| [[Calve]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Galbe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Galve]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| ''Galve''
| ''Galv''
| ''Galve''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 61,23
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 144
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,22
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Communitas Terulii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.189
|- 
| [[Camannae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Camannae&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ocharraire.blogspot.com/p/toponimia-mayor-aragonesa-l.html ''O Charraire: Toponimia Mayor Aragonesa (A-L)''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) CAMAÑAS: Camannas, Camanyas, Camanes, Camanyes, Camañes [1174] (...)&quot;. Formae &quot;Camannas&quot; et &quot;Camanyas&quot; intellegi possunt in hoc documento ut accusativi plurales primae declinationis, quarum nominativi plurales essent &quot;Camannae&quot; et &quot;Camanyae&quot;, respective. Altera ex parte, formae &quot;Camanes&quot; et &quot;Camanyes&quot; ut nominativus, vocativus vel accusativus pluralis tertiae declinationis intellegi possunt, vel proinde ut vocabula invariabilia considerari potest.&lt;/ref&gt; sive [[Camanyae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Camannae&quot;/&gt; sive [[Camanes]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Camannae&quot;/&gt; sive [[Camanyes]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Camannae&quot;/&gt;
| ''Camañas''
| ''Camanyas''
| ''Camanyas''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 78,67
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 117
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,58
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Communitas Terulii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.239
|- 
| [[Camarela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Camarela&quot;&gt;Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camarena_de_la_Sierra#Historia commentationem de hoc municipio apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) nominantur Musquerola, Val de Linares, Pana Calva, Atorela, Salmança, Turriles, Camarela et omnia loca que in termino Turolii sunt ad populandum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; sive [[Camaron]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Camarena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| ''Camarena de la Sierra''
| ''Camarena de la Sierra''
| ''Camarena de la Sierra''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 79,54
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 167
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,10
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Gudar-Iavalambre]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.294
|- 
| [[Camarellae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Camarellae&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ocharraire.blogspot.com/p/toponimia-mayor-aragonesa-l.html ''O Charraire: Toponimia Mayor Aragonesa (A-L)''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) CAMARILLAS: Camarellas, Camarillos, Camariellas, Camarela [1212] (...)&quot;. Forma &quot;Camarillas&quot; intellegi potest in hoc documento ut accusativus pluralis primae declinationis, cuius nominativus pluralis esset &quot;Camarellae&quot;. Altera ex parte, forma &quot;Camarillos&quot; ut accusativus pluralis secundae declinationis intellegi potest, cuius nominativus pluralis esset &quot;Camarilli&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; sive [[Camarilli]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Camarellae&quot;/&gt;
| ''Camarillas''
| ''Camariellas''
| ''Camarillas''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 50,55
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 112
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,12
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Communitas Terulii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.314
|- 
| [[Camminus Regalis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;A Vicipaediano&quot;/&gt;
| ''Caminreal''
| ''Camín Reyal''
| ''Caminreal''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 44,39
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 765
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 17,03
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Xiloca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 920
|- 
| [[Canna Vellida]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rationes&quot;/&gt;
| ''Cañada Vellida''
| ''Canyada Vellida''
| ''Canyada Vellida''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 23,30
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 44
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,93
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Communitas Terulii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.322
|- 
| [[Cannata de Berage]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cannata&quot;&gt;Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Canyada_de_Beric#Toponimia commentationem de hoc municipio apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) et sicut vadit barranchus usque ad Portelatam, Cannate de Berage (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; sive [[Canata de Beriz]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Cannata de Berix]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Canata de Berix]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| ''La Cañada de Verich''
| ''La Canyada de Beric''
| ''La Canyada de Beric''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,86
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 108
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9,94
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Aragonia Inferior (commarca)|Aragonia Inferior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Aragonia Inferior&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcanitium&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 736
|- 
| [[Cannetum Oliveti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;A Vicipaediano&quot;&gt;Haec appellatio a Vicipaediano e lingua indigena in sermonem Latinum conversa est. Extra Vicipaediam huius locutionis testificatio vix inveniri potest.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Cañizar del Olivar''
| ''Canyizar de l'Olivar''
| ''Canyizar de l'Olivar''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22,29
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 117
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,02
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Regiones Metalliferae]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 954
|- 
| [[Canyada de Venatanduz]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Canyada&quot;&gt;Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canyada_de_Benatanduz#Toponimia commentationem de hoc municipio apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) qui erat comendador in Castellot, et Micael de Luna in Cantaviella et ena canyada de Venatanduz (...) Conquerebatur similiter de ecclesiis de Villar Longo et de Lacannata et de Villatanduf (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; sive [[Lacannata et de Villatanduf]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Canyada&quot;/&gt;
| ''Cañada de Benatanduz''
| ''Canyada de Benatanduz''
| ''Canyada de Benatanduz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 34,89
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 48
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,40
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Magistratus (Terulium)|Magistratus]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.422
|- 
| [[Carthago Vetus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt; sive [[Cantavetula]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Vetulacanta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| ''Cantavieja''
| ''Cantaviella''
| ''Cantavella''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 124,56
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 758
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,84
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Magistratus (Terulium)|Magistratus]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcanitium&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.290
|- 
| [[Cascante]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| ''Cascante del Río''
| ''Cascant''
| ''Cascant''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 32,38
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 80
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,96
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Communitas Terulii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 984
|- 
| [[Castellare]]&lt;ref name=&quot;A Vicipaediano&quot;/&gt;
| ''El Castellar''
| ''Lo Castellar''
| ''Lo Castellar''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 50,33
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 76
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,51
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Gudar-Iavalambre]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.275
|- 
| [[Castellon (Terulium)|Castellon]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Castellon&quot;&gt;Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castell%C3%B3n_de_Tornos#Toponimia de hoc municipio apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) lerici et ecclesia Sancti Martini et Sancti Laurencii et Sancti Valerii, habent Castellon, Sarcola, Banyon, Villardecosa, Villanova. Decimacionem vero de Pancrudo (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Castejón de Tornos''
| ''Castellón de Tornos''
| ''Castejón de Tornos''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 30,90
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 69
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,36
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Xiloca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.085
|- 
| [[Castellonovum (Terulium)|Castellonovum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Castellonovum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ocharraire.blogspot.com/p/toponimia-mayor-aragonesa-l.html ''O Charraire: Toponimia Mayor Aragonesa (A-L)''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) CASTELNOU: Castellnou, Castellonovo, Castell Nouo, Castronovo, Castronouo, Castelnou [1140] (...)&quot;. Formae &quot;Castellonovo&quot; et &quot;Castronovo&quot; intellegi possunt in hoc documento ut dativi aut ablativi neutri secundae declinationis, quarum nominativi singulares neutri essent &quot;Castellonovum&quot; et &quot;Castronovum&quot;, respective&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; sive [[Castronovum (Terulium)|Castronovum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Castellonovum&quot;/&gt;
| ''Castelnou''
| ''Casterló'' sive ''Castenló''
| ''Castelnou''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 37,09
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 109
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,32
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Martinus Inferior]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcanitium&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 201
|- 
| [[Castellote]]
| ''Castellote''
| ''Castellot''
| ''Castellot''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 235,18
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 824
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,48
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Magistratus (Terulium)|Magistratus]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcanitium&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 774
|- 
| [[Castellum de Crabas]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| ''Castel de Cabra''
| ''Cabra''
| ''Castel de Cabra''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 29,44
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 143
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,13
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Regiones Metalliferae]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.088
|- 
| [[Castellum Seranis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Castellum Seranis&quot;&gt;Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castelser%C3%A1s#Toponimia commentationem de hoc municipio apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Castelserás se remontaría a un ''Seranis'' (...) dicunt Castiel Sazas, facto inter fratres Calatravae (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; sive [[Castiel Sazas]]
| ''Castelserás''
| ''Castelserás''
| ''Castellseràs''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 31,52
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 828
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 26,62
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Aragonia Inferior (commarca)|Aragonia Inferior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Aragonia Inferior&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcanitium&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 382
|- 
| [[Cedrellae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cedrellae&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ocharraire.blogspot.com/p/toponimia-mayor-aragonesa-l.html ''O Charraire: Toponimia Mayor Aragonesa (A-L)''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) CEDRILLAS: Cedrellas, Cedrillas, Cedriellas [1212] (...)&quot;. Quae formae intellegi possunt in hoc documento ut accusativi plurales primae declinationis, quarum nominativi plurales terminant in &quot;-ae&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Cedrillas''
| ''Cedriellas''
| ''Cedrillas''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 73,57
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 612
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,73
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Communitas Terulii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.347
|- 
| [[Celadae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Celadae&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ocharraire.blogspot.com/p/toponimia-mayor-aragonesa-l.html ''O Charraire: Toponimia Mayor Aragonesa (A-L)''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) CELADAS: Celadas, Celades, Cela [1174-1176] (...)&quot;. Forma &quot;Celadas&quot; intellegi potest in hoc documento ut accusativus pluralis primae declinationis, cuius nominativus pluralis esset &quot;Celadae&quot;. Altera ex parte, forma &quot;Celades&quot; ut nominativus, vocativus aut accusativus pluralis tertiae declinationis intellegi et forma &quot;Cela&quot; nominativus aut ablativus primae declinationis singularis potest.&lt;/ref&gt; sive [[Celades]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Celadae&quot;/&gt; sive [[Cela (Terulium)|Cela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Celadae&quot;/&gt;
| ''Celadas''
| ''Celadas''
| ''Celadas''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 100,45
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 443
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4,03
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Communitas Terulii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.116
|- 
| [[Cella (Terulium)|Cella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Celha&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Celha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Celha&quot;&gt;Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cella#Toponimia commentationem de hoc municipio apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) En cualques textos de los primers tiempos de la conquiesta cristiana escritos en latín medieval se leye como ''Celfa'' (...) Manimenos esta variant ''Celfa'' coexiste con atras variants graficas u foneticas como ''Çehla, Zehla, Cega, Cegla, Çecla, Celha, Celle'' en los textos latinos  (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; sive [[Celfa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Celha&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Cehla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Celha&quot;/&gt; sive [[Zehla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Celha&quot;/&gt; sive [[Cega]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Celha&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Cegla (Terulium)|Cegla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Celha&quot;/&gt; sive [[Cecla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Celha&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Ceya (Terulium)|Ceya]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Ceia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Acelha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Azahla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Azhela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Celda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Aceifla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| ''Cella''
| ''Cella''
| ''Cella''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 124,68
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3.112
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 24,08
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Communitas Terulii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.023
|- 
| [[Codoynnera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| ''La Codoñera''
| ''La Codonyera''
| ''La Codonyera''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 20,97
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 391
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 17,22
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Aragonia Inferior (commarca)|Aragonia Inferior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Aragonia Inferior&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcanitium&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 499
|- 
| [[Cohortes (Terulium)|Cohortes]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cohortes&quot;&gt;Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortes_d%27Arag%C3%B3n_(Teruel)#Toponimia commentationem de hoc municipio apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Lo toponimo ''Cortes'' ye d'orichen mozarabe y se remonta a lo latín ''COHORTIS'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Cortes de Aragón''
| ''Cortes d'Aragón''
| ''Cortes de Aragón''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 24,43
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 80
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,72
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Regiones Metalliferae]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 927
|- 
| [[Corbalanus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ventura Conejero&quot;/&gt;
| ''Corbalán''
| ''Corbalán''
| ''Corbalán''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 82,44
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 95
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,14
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Communitas Terulii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.261
|- 
| [[Cortona (Terulium)|Cortona]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt; sive [[Curtona]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt; sive [[Odon]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt; sive [[Hodon]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt; sive [[Alto]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ventura Conejero&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-onis&quot;/&gt;
| ''Odón''
| ''Odón''
| ''Odón''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 74,24
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 221
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,26
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Xiloca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.090
|- 
| [[Corvus (Terulium)|Corvus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Corvus&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ocharraire.blogspot.com/p/toponimia-mayor-aragonesa-l.html ''O Charraire: Toponimia Mayor Aragonesa (A-L)''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) CUERVO, EL: Corvo, (...)&quot;. Forma &quot;Corvo&quot; intellegi potest in hoc documento ut ablativus aut dativus singularis masculinus secundae declinationis, cuius nominativus esset &quot;Corvus&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''El Cuervo''
| ''Lo Cuervo''
| ''El Cuervo''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 20,76
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 109
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,64
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Communitas Terulii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 905
|- 
| [[Cosa (Terulium)|Cosa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt; sive [[Cursa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| ''Cosa''
| ''Cosa''
| ''Cosa''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 54,81
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 67
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,57
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Xiloca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.185
|- 
| [[Covae de Almuden]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Covae de Almuden&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ocharraire.blogspot.com/p/toponimia-mayor-aragonesa-l.html ''O Charraire: Toponimia Mayor Aragonesa (A-L)''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) CUEVAS DE ALMUDÉN: Covas de Almuden (...)&quot;. Forma &quot;Covas de Almuden&quot; intellegi potest in hoc documento ut accusativus pluralis primae declinationis, cuius nominativus pluralis esset &quot;Covae de Almuden&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Cuevas de Almudén''
| ''Cuevas d'Almudén''
| ''Cuevas de Almudén''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 35,85
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 125
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,26
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Regiones Metalliferae]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.281
|- 
| [[Covae Laboratae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Covae Laboratae&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ocharraire.blogspot.com/p/toponimia-mayor-aragonesa-l.html ''O Charraire: Toponimia Mayor Aragonesa (A-L)''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) CUEVAS LABRADAS: Covas Laboratas (...)&quot;. Forma &quot;Covas Laboratas&quot; intellegi potest in hoc documento ut accusativus pluralis primae declinationis, cuius nominativus pluralis esset &quot;Covae Laboratae&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Cuevas Labradas''
| ''Cuevas Labradas''
| ''Cuevas Labradas''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 40,81
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 141
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,58
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Communitas Terulii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 965
|- 
| [[Cretae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cretae&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ocharraire.blogspot.com/p/toponimia-mayor-aragonesa-l.html ''O Charraire: Toponimia Mayor Aragonesa (A-L)''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) CRETAS: Cretas, Crietas, Cretes [1210] (...)&quot;. Formae &quot;Cretas&quot; et &quot;Crietas&quot; intellegi possunt in hoc documento ut accusativi plurales primae declinationis, quarum nominativi plurales terminant &quot;-ae&quot;. Altera ex parte, forma &quot;Cretes&quot; ut nominativus, vocativus aut accusativus pluralis tertiae declinationis intellegi.&lt;/ref&gt; sive [[Crietae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cretae&quot;/&gt; sive [[Cretes (Terulium)|Cretes]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cretae&quot;/&gt;
| ''Cretas''
| ''Cretas''
| ''Queretes'' sive ''Cretes''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 52,66
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 629
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12,08
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Marrania]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcanitium&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 563
|- 
| [[Crivilianus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ventura Conejero&quot;/&gt; sive [[Carvilianus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Membrado Tena&quot;&gt;Auctore Ioanne Carolo Membrado Tena: ''Etimología y semántica de topónimos municipales valencianos y aragoneses''. Actes de la VII Jornada d'Onomàstica Xerica. [[Valentia]]e.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Crivillén''
| ''Crivillén''
| ''Crivillén''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 42,03
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 95
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,55
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Andorra-Serra Arcuum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 774
|- 
| [[Cuba (Terulium)|Cuba]]
| ''La Cuba''
| ''La Cuba''
| ''La Cuba''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,51
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 63
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9,68
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Magistratus (Terulium)|Magistratus]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 887
|- 
| [[Cucalo]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt; sive [[Cocalon]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt; sive [[Cucalon]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| ''Cucalón''
| ''Cucalón''
| ''Cucalón''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 31,93
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 108
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,32
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Xiloca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.036
|- 
| [[Cupula (Terulium)|Cupula]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ventura Conejero&quot;/&gt;
| ''Cubla''
| ''Cubla''
| ''Cubla''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 48,63
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 55
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,15
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Communitas Terulii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcanitium&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.088
|- 
| [[Esterquel]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Esterquel&quot;&gt;Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estercuel#Toponimia commentationem de hoc municipio apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) De Alloza usque ad Estrecuel, et de Estrecuel ad Collado de Turbanas (...) Atras variants conoixius de lo nombre en textos medievals son ''Stercuy'' y ''Esterquel'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; sive [[Estrequel]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Estercuel]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Esterquel&quot;/&gt; sive [[Stercuy]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Esterquel&quot;/&gt;
| ''Estercuel''
| ''Estercuel''
| ''Estercuel''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 55,59
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 267
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4,71
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Andorra-Serra Arcuum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 829
|- 
| [[Exculta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt; sive [[Scuita]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Rationes&quot;/&gt; sive [[Escuyta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Rationes&quot;/&gt;
| ''Escucha''
| ''Escuita''
| ''Escuita''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 41,57
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.003
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 25,81
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Regiones Metalliferae]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.072
|- 
| [[Exiarcum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Siarga (Terulium)|Siarga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; 
| ''Jarque de la Val''
| ''Exarc de la Val''
| ''Jarque de la Val''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 29,23
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 99
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,32
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Regiones Metalliferae]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.269
|- 
| [[Exulve]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Exulve&quot;&gt;Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exulve#Historia commentationem de hoc municipio apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) et ad Serram de Molinos et de Exulve, et vadit ad Mezquitam usque ad Arannonal (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Ejulve'' sive ''Julve''
| ''Exulve''
| ''Exulv''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 109,49
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 203
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,03
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Andorra-Serra Arcuum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.113
|- 
| [[Faux Vetulae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;A Vicipaediano&quot;/&gt;
| ''La Hoz de la Vieja''
| ''La Foz de la Viella''
| ''La Foz de la Viella''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 43,73
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 96
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,20
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Regiones Metalliferae]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 932
|- 
| [[Fabbatux]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Fabbatux&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.diariodeteruel.es/opinion/pongamos-que-hablo-de-ababuj ''Pomgamos que hablo de Ababuj'' apud ''Diario de Teruel''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Sabe Enriqueta perfectamente que en el siglo XIII su pueblo se llamaba Fabbatux (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; sive [[Ababux]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Babux]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Fababux]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Fababuix]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Fabux]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| ''Ababuj''
| ''Fababuix''
| ''Fababuix''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 54,30
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 80
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,51
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Communitas Terulii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.368
|- 
| [[Ferreruela (Terulium)|Ferreruela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Ferreruella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| ''Ferreruela de Huerva''
| ''Ferreruela de la Uerba''
| ''Ferreruela de Huerva''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 20,47
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 77
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,57
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Xiloca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.018
|-
| [[Finollosa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rationes&quot;/&gt; sive [[Finolosa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rationes&quot;/&gt;
| ''Hinojosa de Jarque''
| ''Finollosa d'Exarc''
| ''Finollosa d'Exarc''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 36,47
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 153
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4,30
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Regiones Metalliferae]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.224
|- 
| [[Fons Ferrata]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| ''Fuenferrada''
| ''Fuent Ferrada''
| ''Fuenferrada''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 24,53
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 38
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,71
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Regiones Metalliferae]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.128
|- 
| [[Fons Frigida (Terulium)|Fons Frigida]]
| ''Fonfría''
| ''Fuent Frida''
| ''Fonfría''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 20,58
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 30
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,31
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Xiloca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.247
|- 
| [[Fons Spatula]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| ''Fuentespalda''
| ''Foz Espalda'' sive ''Fondespala''
| ''Fontdespatla'' sive ''Fontdespatlla''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 39,00
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 342
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8,77
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Marrania]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcanitium&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 712
|- 
| [[Fontes (Terulium)|Fontes]]&lt;ref name=&quot;A Vicipaediano&quot;/&gt; sive [[Fuentes]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rationes&quot;/&gt;
| ''Fuentes de Rubielos'' sive ''Juentes''
| ''Fuents de Rubielos''
| ''Les Fonts de Rubiols''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 38,91
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 137
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,19
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Gudar-Iavalambre]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 962
|-  
| [[Fontes Calentes]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| ''Fuentes Calientes''
| ''Fuents Calients''
| ''Fuentes Calientes''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 25,01
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 120
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4,72
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Communitas Terulii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.209
|- 
| [[Fontes Clarae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Fontes Clarae&quot;&gt;Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuents_Claras#Toponimia commentationem de hoc municipio apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) En o escudo de la población s'utiliza la versión en latín, ''Fontes Clarae'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Fuentes Claras''
| ''Fuents Claras''
| ''Fuentes Claras''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 36,91
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 663
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 16,39
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Xiloca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 909
|- 
| [[Formig]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Formig&quot;&gt;Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formich_Susano#Toponimia commentationem de hoc municipio apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) et exit ad Tejares de Formig et ad Joncosam (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Formiche Alto'' sive 'Formich'''
| ''Formich Susano''
| ''Formiche Alto''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 78,17
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 195
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,43
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Gudar-Iavalambre]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.108
|- 
| [[Fortanete]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Fortanet]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Fortaner]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| ''Fortanete''
| ''Fortanet''
| ''Fortanet''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 168,21
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 237
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,24
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Magistratus (Terulium)|Magistratus]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.353
|- 
| [[Foz Calanda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Fos]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Fos Calanda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| ''Foz-Calanda''
| ''Foz Calanda''
| ''Foz-Calanda''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 37,87
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 319
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,63
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Aragonia Inferior (commarca)|Aragonia Inferior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Aragonia Inferior&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcanitium&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 496
|- 
| [[Fraxneda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Freyneda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Frayneda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Frexneda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Fraxeneda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Fraixneda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Ferneda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| ''La Fresneda''
| ''La Fraixneda''
| ''La Freixneda''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 39,49
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 501
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13,04
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Marrania]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcanitium&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 585
|- 
| [[Frigidae Albaracini]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| ''Frías de Albarracín''
| ''Fridas d'Albarracín''
| ''Frías de Albarracín''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 50,79
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 163
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,45
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Serra Albarracina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Serra Albarracina&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.482
|- 
| [[Frondeales]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ventura Conejero&quot;&gt;Auctore Augustino Ventura Conejero, ''Toponimia de la provincia de Teruel''. ''Revista Teruel'' nº 48, anno 1972.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Bronchales''
| ''Bronchales''
| ''Bronchales''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 59,60
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 483
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8,52
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Serra Albarracina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Serra Albarracina&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.569
|- 
| [[Furni (Terulium)|Furni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Furni&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ocharraire.blogspot.com/p/toponimia-mayor-aragonesa-l.html ''O Charraire: Toponimia Mayor Aragonesa (A-L)''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) FÓRNOLES: Furnos (...)&quot;. Forma &quot;Furnos&quot; ut accusativus pluralis secundae declinationis intellegi potest, cuius nominativus pluralis esset &quot;Furni&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; 
| ''Fórnoles''
| ''Fórnols''
| ''Fórnols de Matarranya''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 32,56
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 99
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,19
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Marrania]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcanitium&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 706
|- 
| [[Gargallum (Terulium)|Gargallum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gargallum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ocharraire.blogspot.com/p/toponimia-mayor-aragonesa-l.html ''O Charraire: Toponimia Mayor Aragonesa (A-L)''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...)  GARGALLO: Gargallo [1209] (...)&quot;. Forma &quot;Gargallo&quot; intellegi potest in hoc documento ut ablativus aut dativus singularis secundae declinationis, cuius nominativus esset &quot;Gargallus&quot;, si genus masculinum, aut &quot;Gargallum&quot;, si neutrum; vel etiam ut vocabulum invariabile e sermone romano vulgari regionis ortum.&lt;/ref&gt; sive [[Gargallus (Terulium)|Gargallus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gargallum&quot;/&gt;
| ''Gargallo''
| ''Gargallo''
| ''Gargallo''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 30,08
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 102
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,49
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Andorra-Serra Arcuum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 941
|- 
| [[Graeci (Terulium)|Graeci]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graeci&quot;&gt;Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griegos_(Teruel)#Toponimia commentationem de hoc municipio apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Graecus'' a mas de significar griego, yera una d'as trazas de dicir pagano en latín en os primers tiempos d'a cristianización forzata (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Griegos''
| ''Griegos''
| ''Griegos''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 31,77
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 140
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4,53
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Serra Albarracina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Serra Albarracina&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.601
|- 
| [[Guadalaviar (oppidum)|Guadalaviar]]
| ''Guadalaviar''
| ''Guadalaviar''
| ''Guadalaviar''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 28,08
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 252
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9,62
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Serra Albarracina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Serra Albarracina&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.519
|- 
| [[Gudar]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Gudal]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Gudale]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Gudel]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Gudele]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Guder]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| ''Gúdar''
| ''Gúdar''
| ''Gúdar''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 60,77
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 87
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,66
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Gudar-Iavalambre]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.587
|- 
| [[Horrea (Terulium)|Horrea]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Horrea&quot;&gt;Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orrios#Toponimia commentationem de hoc municipio apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Lo toponimo puet venir d'o latín Horreum (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Orrios''
| ''Orrios''
| ''Orrios''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 35,40
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 168
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4,91
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Communitas Terulii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.046
|- 
| [[Iavalues]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Iavalues&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ocharraire.blogspot.com/p/toponimia-mayor-aragonesa-l.html ''O Charraire: Toponimia Mayor Aragonesa (A-L)''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) JABALOYAS: Iavalues, Jabaloyas, Javalues, Xaualoias [1284] (...)&quot;. Formae &quot;Jabaloyas&quot; et &quot;Xaualoias&quot; intellegi possunt in hoc documento ut accusativi plurales primae declinationis, quarum nominativus pluralis essent &quot;Iabaloyae&quot; et &quot;Xavaloiae&quot;, respective. Altera ex parte, forma &quot;Iavalues&quot; ut nominativus, vocativus vel accusativus pluralis tertiae declinationis intellegi potest, vel proinde ut vocabulum invariabile considerari potest.&lt;/ref&gt; sive [[Iabaloyae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Iavalues&quot;/&gt; sive [[Xavaloiae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Iavalues&quot;/&gt;
| ''Jabaloyas''
| ''Chabaloyas''
| ''Jabaloyas''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 61,73
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 89
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,38
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Serra Albarracina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Serra Albarracina&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.495
|- 
| [[Inter Amba Castella (prope Albaracinum)|Inter Amba Castella prope Albaracinum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Inter Amba Castella&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Inter Amba Castella prope Albaracinum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tramacastiella#Toponimia commentationem de hoc municipio apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) O toponimo Tramacastiella vien d'o latín ''INTER AMBA CASTELLA'' (...).&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Tramacastilla''
| ''Tramacastiella''
| ''Tramacastilla''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 24,81
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 113
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,20
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Serra Albarracina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Serra Albarracina&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.254
|- 
| [[Inter Amba Castella (prope Terulium)|Inter Amba Castella prope Terulium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Inter Amba Castella&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271644458_ETIMOLOGIA_Y_SEMANTICA_DE_TOPONIMOS_MUNICIPALES_VALENCIANOS_Y_ARAGONESES ''Etimología y semántica de topónimos municipales valencianos y aragoneses''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Tramacastilla y Tramacastiel'', der. de (IN)TER AMBA CASTELLA (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Tramacastiel''
| ''Tramacastiel''
| ''Tramacastiel''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 47,29
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 100
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,11
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Communitas Terulii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 900
|- 
| [[Iosa (Terulium)|Iosa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Iosa (Terulium)|Yosa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Iossa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| ''Josa''
| ''Chosa''
| ''Josa''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 28,23
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 29
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,24
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Regiones Metalliferae]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 772
|- 
| [[Iuniperosa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;A Vicipaediano&quot;/&gt;
| ''La Ginebrosa''
| ''La Chinebrosa''
| ''La Ginebrosa''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 80,10
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 224
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,98
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Aragonia Inferior (commarca)|Aragonia Inferior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Aragonia Inferior&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcanitium&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 702
|- 
| [[Ixarium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;&gt;{{Hofmannus}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; sive [[Isaurum (Aragonia)|Isaurum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;/&gt; sive [[Ixar]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Yxar]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; 
| ''Híjar''
| ''Íxar''
| ''Híxar''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 165,36
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.900
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11,90
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Martinus Inferior]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcanitium&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 291
|-  
| [[Lacervillera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rationes&quot;/&gt;
| ''La Cerollera''
| ''La Cerollera''
| ''La Sorollera''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 33,75
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 121
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,67
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Marrania]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcanitium&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 842
|- 
| [[Lagueruela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| ''Lagueruela''
| ''Lagueruela''
| ''Lagueruela''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 26,32
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 66
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,47
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Xiloca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.066
|- 
| [[Lanceola]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lanceola&quot;&gt;Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanzuela#Toponimia commentationem de hoc municipio apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Lo toponimo &quot;Lanzuela&quot; se creye derivato de lo latín ''LANCEOLA'', diminutivo de &quot;lanza&quot; (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; sive [[Lanzola]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; 
| ''Lanzuela''
| ''Lanzuela''
| ''Lanzuela''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 14,22
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 28
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,83
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Xiloca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.012
|- 
| [[Leiden (Terulium)|Leiden]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;  sive [[Lidon]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; 
| ''Lidón''
| ''Lidón''
| ''Lidón''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 40,40
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 63
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,88
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Communitas Terulii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.211
|- 
| [[Liberi (Terulium)|Liberi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt; sive [[Libri (Terulium)|Libri]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| ''Libros''
| ''Libros''
| ''Libros''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 37,91
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 148
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,82
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Communitas Terulii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 766
|- 
| [[Linares (Terulium)|Linares]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Linars (Terulium)|Linars]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Linars&quot;&gt;Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linars_de_Mora#Toponimia commentationem de hoc municipio apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) qui uenit de Motorrita usque ad Alcala et de Linars usque ad Alcala (...) sunt subtus castrum de Linars (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Linares de Mora''
| ''Linars de Mora''
| ''Llinars de Móra''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 116,28
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 328
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,66
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Gudar-Iavalambre]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.311
|- 
| [[Lobetum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt; sive [[Albaracinum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; sive [[Albarrazinum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| ''Albarracín''
| ''Albarracín''
| ''Albarrasí''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 452,72
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.097
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,37
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Serra Albarracina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Serra Albarracina&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.182
|- 
| [[Loto]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-onis&quot;&gt;Tertiae declinationis, &quot;-o-onis&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; sive [[Ledo]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-onis&quot;/&gt; sive [[Bedo]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-onis&quot;/&gt; sive [[Elledo]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-onis&quot;/&gt;
| ''Lledó''
| ''Ledón''
| ''Lledó'' sive ''Lledó d'Algars''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 15,61
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 176
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11,79
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Marrania]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcanitium&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 460
|- 
| [[Lueches]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lueches&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ocharraire.blogspot.com/p/toponimia-mayor-aragonesa-l.html ''O Charraire: Toponimia Mayor Aragonesa (A-L)''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) LOSCOS: Luscan, Lueches, Lusches, Loscos, Lostos [1157] (...)&quot;. Formae &quot;Loscos&quot; et &quot;Lostos&quot; intellegi possunt in hoc documento ut accusativi plurales masculini secundae declinationis, quarum nominativi plurales essent &quot;Losci&quot; et &quot;Losti&quot;, respective. Altera ex parte, formae &quot;Lueches&quot; et &quot;Lusches&quot; ut nominativi, vocativi aut accusativi plurales tertiae declinationis intellegi possunt, et forma &quot;Luscan&quot; tertiae declinationis cum themate in &quot;-n&quot; esset.&lt;/ref&gt; sive [[Luscan (Terulium)|Luscan]] sive [[Lusches]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lueches&quot;/&gt; sive [[Losci]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lueches&quot;/&gt; sive [[Losti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lueches&quot;/&gt;
| ''Loscos''
| ''Loscos''
| ''Loscos''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 71,78
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 175
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,65
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Xiloca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.014
|- 
| [[Maçaleon]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rationes&quot;/&gt;
| ''Mazaleón''
| ''Mazalión''
| ''Massalió''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 86,25
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 588
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,88
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Marrania]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcanitium&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 359
|- 
| [[Maicae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Maicae&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ocharraire.blogspot.com/p/toponimia-mayor-aragonesa-m-z.html ''O Charraire: Toponimia Mayor Aragonesa (M-Z)''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Maicas, Maycas, Mayces, Maycos [1251] (...)&quot;. Formae &quot;Maicas&quot; et &quot;Maycas&quot; intellegi possunt in hoc documento ut accusativi plurales primae declinationis, quarum nominativus pluralis essent &quot;Maicae&quot; et &quot;Maycae&quot;, respective. Altera ex parte, forma &quot;Mayces&quot; ut nominativus, vocativus vel accusativus pluralis tertiae declinationis intellegi potest, et forma &quot;Maycos&quot; intellegi potest in hoc documento ut accusativus pluralis secundae declinationis, cuius nominativus pluralis esset &quot;Mayci&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; sive [[Maycae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Maicae&quot;/&gt; sive [[Mayces]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Maicae&quot;/&gt; sive [[Mayci]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Maicae&quot;/&gt;
| ''Maicas''
| ''Maicas''
| ''Maicas''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 24,74
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 37
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,46
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Regiones Metalliferae]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 955
|- 
| [[Mansus Matarum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;A Vicipaediano&quot;/&gt;
| ''Mas de las Matas''
| ''Lo Mas de las Matas''
| ''El Mas de les Mates'' sive ''Lo Mas de les Mates''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 29,99
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.436
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 48,75
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Aragonia Inferior (commarca)|Aragonia Inferior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Aragonia Inferior&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcanitium&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 496
|- 
| [[Martinus (Terulium)|Martinus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Martinus&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ocharraire.blogspot.com/p/toponimia-mayor-aragonesa-m-z.html ''O Charraire: Toponimia Mayor Aragonesa (M-Z)''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) MARTÍN DEL RÍO: Rio d’Martin, Martin, Martino [1142] (...)&quot;. Forma &quot;Martino&quot; intellegi potest in hoc documento ut ablativus aut dativus singularis secundae declinationis, cuius nominativus esset &quot;Martinus&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Martín del Río''
| ''Martín''
| ''Martín del Río''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 54,88
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 467
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8,51
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Regiones Metalliferae]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 909
|- 
| [[Mata de Ulmis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| ''La Mata de los Olmos''
| ''La Mata de los Olmos''
| ''La Mata de los Olmos''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 23,73
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 271
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11,13
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Aragonia Inferior (commarca)|Aragonia Inferior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Aragonia Inferior&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcanitium&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 905
|- 
| [[Mezquita (Terulium)|Mezquita]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt; sive [[Mezquia (Terulium)|Mezquia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt; sive [[Mesquita (Terulium)|Mesquita]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| ''Mezquita de Jarque''
| ''Mezquita d'Exarc''
| ''Mezquita de Jarque''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 31,14
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 124
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4,14
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Regiones Metalliferae]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.251
|- 
| [[Mirambel]]
| ''Mirambel''
| ''Mirambel''
| ''Mirambell''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 45,47
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 132
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,88
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Magistratus (Terulium)|Magistratus]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcanitium&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 919
|- 
| [[Miravete]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Miravete&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ocharraire.blogspot.com/p/toponimia-mayor-aragonesa-m-z.html ''O Charraire: Toponimia Mayor Aragonesa (M-Z)''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) MIRAVETE DE LA SIERRA: Miravete, Miravet, Mirabet, Mirabeto, Mirabete, Mirabeti [1103] (...)&quot;. Forma &quot;Mirabeto&quot; intellegi potest in hoc documento ut ablativus aut dativus singularis secundae declinationis, cuius nominativus esset &quot;Mirabetus&quot; si masculinus; et &quot;Mirabetum&quot; si neuter.&lt;/ref&gt; sive [[Miravet (Terulium)|Miravet]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Miravete&quot;/&gt; sive [[Mirabet]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Miravete&quot;/&gt; sive [[Mirabetum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Miravete&quot;/&gt; sive [[Mirabetus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Miravete&quot;/&gt; sive [[Mirabete]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Miravete&quot;/&gt;
| ''Miravete de la Sierra''
| ''Miravet de la Sierra''
| ''Miravet''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 36,51
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 42
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,29
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Magistratus (Terulium)|Magistratus]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.218
|- 
| [[Molini (Terulium)|Molini]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Molini&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ocharraire.blogspot.com/p/toponimia-mayor-aragonesa-m-z.html ''O Charraire: Toponimia Mayor Aragonesa (M-Z)''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Molinos (...)&quot;. Forma &quot;Molinos&quot; intellegi potest in hoc documento ut accusativus pluralis secundae declinationis, cuius nominativus pluralis esset &quot;Molini&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Molinos''
| ''Molins'' sive ''Molinos''
| ''Molinos''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 79,61
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 312
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,97
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Magistratus (Terulium)|Magistratus]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcanitium&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 838
|- 
| [[Mons Acutus Castelli]]&lt;ref name=&quot;A Vicipaediano&quot;/&gt; sive [[Montagud]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Montagud&quot;&gt;Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mont_Agut_(Teruel)#Toponimia commentationem de hoc municipio apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur &quot;(...)  cum omnibus earum pertinentiis, Lliacham, Montagud (...)  cum omnibus earum pertinentiis, Lliacham, Montagud (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Monteagudo del Castillo''
| ''Mont Agut''
| ''Mont Agut''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 44,36
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 80
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,67
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Communitas Terulii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.451
|- 
| [[Mons Albanus (Terulium)|Mons Albanus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| ''Montalbán''
| ''Montalbán''
| ''Montalbán''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 82,04
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.448
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18,19
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Regiones Metalliferae]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 851
|- 
| [[Mons Fortis (Terulium)|Mons Fortis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| ''Monforte de Moyuela''
| ''Mont-fort''
| ''Mont-fort''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 47,74
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 80
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,68
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Xiloca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 996
|- 
| [[Mons Regalis (Terulium)|Mons Regalis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| ''Monreal del Campo''
| ''Mont-reyal''
| ''Monreal del Campo''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 89,05
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2.744
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 29,78
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Xiloca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 939
|-
| [[Mons Rubeus (Terulium)|Mons Rubeus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Exulve&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| ''Monroyo''
| ''Mont-royo''
| ''Mont-roig de Tastavins''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 79,23
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 395
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4,27
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Marrania]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcanitium&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 857
|- 
| [[Monterde (Terulium)|Monterde]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| ''Monterde de Albarracín''
| ''Monterd d'Albarracín''
| ''Monterde de Albarracín''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 45,21
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 73
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,17
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Serra Albarracina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Serra Albarracina&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.280
|- 
| [[Mora (Terulium)|Mora]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| ''Mora de Rubielos''
| ''Mora de Rubielos''
| ''Móra de Rubiols''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 166,23
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.756
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9,72
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Gudar-Iavalambre]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.035
|- 
| [[Moscardon]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| ''Moscardón''
| ''Moscardón''
| ''Moscardón''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 26,93
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 63
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,23
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Serra Albarracina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Serra Albarracina&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.413
|- 
| [[Moscarola]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt; sive [[Illa Moscarola]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt; sive [[Moscarola]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt; sive [[Moschorola]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt; sive [[Musquerola]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt; sive [[Mosqueruela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| ''Mosqueruela'' sive '' Mosquerhuela''
| ''Mosqueruela''
| ''Mosquerola''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 265,03
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 625
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,59
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Gudar-Iavalambre]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.471
|- 
| [[Muniesa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| ''Muniesa''
| ''Muniesa''
| ''Muniesa''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 129,80
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 684
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,59
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Regiones Metalliferae]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 783
|- 
| [[Nucaria (Terulium)|Nucaria]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nucaria&quot;&gt;Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nogueras#Toponimia commentationem de Nucariis apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Lo toponimo ''Noguera'' ye la evolución de lo latín ''NUCARIA'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; sive [[Noguera (Terulium)|Noguera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| ''Noguera de Albarracín''
| ''Noguera d'Albarracín''
| ''Noguera de Albarracín''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 47,44
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 142
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,27
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Serra Albarracina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Serra Albarracina&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.386
|- 
| [[Nucariae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nucaria&quot;/&gt;
| ''Nogueras''
| ''Nogueras''
| ''Nogueras''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18,85
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 34
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,70
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Xiloca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 861
|- 
| [[Nucariolae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nucaria&quot;/&gt;
| ''Nogueruelas''
| ''Nogueruelas''
| ''Nogueroles''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 99,49
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 249
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,74
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Gudar-Iavalambre]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.146
|- 
| [[Obon]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt; sive [[Ovon]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| ''Obón''
| ''Obón''
| ''Obón''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 68,38
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 42
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 0,98
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Regiones Metalliferae]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 685
|- 
| [[Oculi Nigri (Terulium)|Oculi Nigri]]&lt;ref name=&quot;A Vicipaediano&quot;/&gt;
| ''Ojos Negros''
| ''Uellos Negros''
| ''Ojos Negros''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 90,92
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 510
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,61
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Xiloca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.151
|- 
| [[Olba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| ''Olba''
| ''Olba''
| ''Olba''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 20,99
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 231
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,81
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Gudar-Iavalambre]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 658
|- 
| [[Olivetum (Terulium)|Olivetum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Olivetum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliet#Toponimia commentationem de hoc municipio apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Lo toponimo ''Oliet'' se relaciona con lo latín ''OLIVETUM'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; sive [[Oliete]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| ''Oliete''
| ''Oliet''
| ''Oliete''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 85,48
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 486
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,73
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Andorra-Serra Arcuum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcanitium&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 541
|- 
| [[Orihuela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| ''Orihuela del Tremedal''
| ''Oriuela''
| ''Orihuela del Tremedal''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 71,52
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 562
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8,14
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Serra Albarracina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Serra Albarracina&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.447
|- 
| [[Ossa (Terulium)|Ossa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Warsa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Orosa (Terulium)|Orosa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Huessa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Guessa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Huesa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Osa (Terulium)|Osa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Uesa (Terulium)|Uesa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; sive [[Guesa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| ''Huesa del Común''
| ''Uesa''
| ''Huesa del Común'
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 61,69
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 97
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,70
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Regiones Metalliferae]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 869
|- 
| [[Palumbarium (Terulium)|Palumbarium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;A Vicipaediano&quot;/&gt;
| ''Palomar de Arroyos''
| ''Palomar''
| ''Palomar de Arroyos''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 33,62
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 208
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,34
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Regiones Metalliferae]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.206
|- 
| [[Pancrudus]] sive [[Pancrudum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Castellon&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-um aut -us&quot;&gt;Priore in documento, haec forma intelligi potest ut ablativus aut dativus singularis secundae declinationis, cuius nominativus terminat in &quot;-us&quot;, si genus masculinum, aut in &quot;-um&quot;, si neutrum; vel etiam ut vocabulum invariabile e sermone romano vulgari regionis ortum.&lt;/ref&gt; sive [[Panecrudus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-um aut -us&quot;/&gt; sive [[Panecrudum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-um aut -us&quot;/&gt;
| ''Pancrudo''
| ''Pancrudo''
| ''Pancrudo''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 100,12
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 110
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,11
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Communitas Terulii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.235
|- 
| [[Parrae de Castellote]]&lt;ref name=&quot;A Vicipaediano&quot;/&gt;
| ''Las Parras de Castellote''
| ''Las Parras de Castellot''
| ''Les Parres de Castellot''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 42,13
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 73
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,80
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Aragonia Inferior (commarca)|Aragonia Inferior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Aragonia Inferior&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcanitium&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 697
|- 
| [[Peracense]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| ''Peracense''
| ''Peracens''
| ''Peracens''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 28,66
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 93
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4,22
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Xiloca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.217
|- 
| [[Peraleii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Peraleii&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ocharraire.blogspot.com/p/toponimia-mayor-aragonesa-m-z.html ''O Charraire: Toponimia Mayor Aragonesa (M-Z)''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) PERALEJOS: Peraleios, Peraleyos, Peralejos [1174-1176] (...)&quot;. Formae &quot;Peraleios&quot; sive &quot;Peraleyos&quot; ut accusativi plurales secundae declinationis intellegi possunt, quarum nominativi plurales essent &quot;Peraleii&quot; et &quot;Peraleyi&quot;, respective.&lt;/ref&gt; sive [[Peraleyi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Peraleii&quot;/&gt;
| ''Peralejos''
| ''Peralellos''
| ''Peralejos''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 36,10
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 79
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,58
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Communitas Terulii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 998
|- 
| [[Perales (Terulium)|Perales]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| ''Perales del Alfambra'' sive ''Perales de Alfambra''
| ''Perals''
| ''Perales del Alfambra'' sive ''Perals''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 104,24
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 278
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,83
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Communitas Terulii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.165
|- 
| [[Pinna Rubea (Terulium)|Pinna Rubea]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| ''Peñarroya de Tastavins''
| ''Penyarroya de Tastavins''
| ''Pena-roja'' sive ''Pena-roja de Tastavins''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 83,28
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 532
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,14
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Marrania]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcanitium&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 746
|- 
| [[Pitarch]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt; sive [[Pitarc]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt; sive [[Bitarg]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt; sive [[Pitarp]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| ''Pitarque'' sive ''Pitarc''
| ''Pitarc''
| ''Pitarc''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 54,35
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 95
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,10
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Magistratus (Terulium)|Magistratus]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 999
|- 
| [[Popula Ixarii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;A Vicipaediano&quot;/&gt;
| ''La Puebla de Híjar''
| ''La Puebla d'Íxar''
| ''La Puebla de Híjar''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 60,78
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.024
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 17,36
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Martinus Inferior]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcanitium&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 254
|- 
| [[Popula Vallis Viridis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;A Vicipaediano&quot;/&gt;
| ''La Puebla de Valverde''
| ''La Puebla de Valverde''
| ''La Pobla de Valverde''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 282,78
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 569
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,92
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Gudar-Iavalambre]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.118
|- 
| [[Populus (Terulium)|Populus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Populus&quot;&gt;Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plou#Historia commentationem de hoc municipio apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''POPULUS &gt; poplo &gt; plopo &gt; plobo &gt; plob'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Plou''
| ''Plou''
| ''Plou''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 17,21
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 47
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,08
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Regiones Metalliferae]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 903
|- 
| [[Popus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Popus&quot;&gt;Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lo_Pobo#Toponimia commentationem de hoc municipio apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Seguntes bel autor tiene relación con o latín ''populus'', l'árbol. Agustín Ventura Conejero considera que a suya rematanza s'asimiló a un diminutivo y que por hipercorrección quedó en latín ''Popus'', que explicaría este toponimo (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''El Pobo''
| ''Lo Pobo''
| ''El Pobo''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 63,60
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 133
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,15
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Communitas Terulii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.399
|- 
| [[Portellata]]&lt;ref name=&quot;A Vicipaediano&quot;/&gt;
| ''La Portellada''
| ''La Portellada''
| ''La Portellada''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 21,37
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 262
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12,92
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Marrania]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcanitium&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 569
|- 
| [[Portus de Avingalon]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt; sive [[Castrum de Avingalbon]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt; sive [[Portus de Avingalvon]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt; sive [[Portus de Abingalbon]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| ''Puertomingalvo'' sive ''El Puerto''
| ''Puertomingalbo''
| ''Puertomingalvo'' sive ''El Puerto''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 103,62
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 228
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,43
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Gudar-Iavalambre]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.449
|- 
| [[Pozondon]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| ''Pozondón''
| ''Pozondón''
| ''Pozondón''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 67,64
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 83
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,32
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Serra Albarracina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Serra Albarracina&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.407
|- 
| [[Puteolus Campi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;A Vicipaediano&quot;/&gt;
| ''Pozuel del Campo''
| ''Pozuel''
| ''Pozuel del Campo''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 27,85
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 101
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4,09
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Xiloca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.128
|- 
| [[Raffales]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt; sive [[Rafales]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| ''Ráfales''
| ''Ráfals''
| ''Ràfels''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 35,61
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 160
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4,30
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Marrania]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcanitium&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 627
|- 
| [[Riellum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Riellum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ocharraire.blogspot.com/p/toponimia-mayor-aragonesa-m-z.html ''O Charraire: Toponimia Mayor Aragonesa (M-Z)''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) RILLO: Riello, Riellum, Reyello [1176, 35] (...)&quot;. Forma &quot;Reyello&quot; intellegi potest in hoc documento ut ablativus aut dativus singularis secundae declinationis, cuius nominativus esset &quot;Mirabetum&quot; si neuter.&lt;/ref&gt; sive [[Reyellum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Riellum&quot;/&gt;
| ''Rillo''
| ''Riello''
| ''Rillo''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 53,31
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 100
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,99
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Communitas Terulii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.269
|- 
| [[Riodeva]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt; sive [[Riodeba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| ''Riodeva''
| ''Río Deva''
| ''Riodeva''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 34,34
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 199
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,42
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Communitas Terulii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 967
|-  
| [[Roenales]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Roenales&quot;&gt;Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubiales#Toponimia commentationem de hoc municipio apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ad Roenales et ad talayam Sancte Marie de Albarracino (...)  ad fontem ad Canegrali, ad Roeuales, ad Talayam Sancte Maria (...) loci qui vocatur Ruviales (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; sive [[Roevales]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Roenales&quot;/&gt; sive [[Ruviales]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Roenales&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt; sive [[Rubiales (Terulium)|Rubiales]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| ''Rubiales''
| ''Rubiales''
| ''Rubials''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 27,42
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 56
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,12
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Serra Albarracina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Serra Albarracina&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.167
|- 
| [[Roila]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Roila&quot;&gt;Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royuela#Toponimia commentationem de hoc municipio apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) et tota Roila, cum suis salmis (...) ''RUBEOLA'' (os materials royos u rodeno) &gt; royuela (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; sive [[Rubeola (Terulium)|Rubeola]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Roila&quot;/&gt;
| ''Royuela''
| ''Royuela''
| ''Royuela''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 32,50
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 240
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,89
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Serra Albarracina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Serra Albarracina&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.214
|- 
| [[Rubeoli Morae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rubeoli Morae&quot;&gt;Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubiuelos_de_Mora#Toponimia commentationem de Rubeolis Morae apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) y se remontaría a lo latín RUBEOLUM con sufixo -OLU (...)&quot;. Syntagma genetivo &quot;Morae&quot; additur ut a Rubeolis Ceridae distinguatur.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Rubielos de Mora''
| ''Rubiuelos de Mora'' sive ''Rubielos de Mora''
| ''Rubiols''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 63,72
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 780
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11,80
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Gudar-Iavalambre]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 929
|- 
| [[Rubioli]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rubioli&quot;&gt;Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubiuelos_(Xiloca)#Toponimia commentationem de hoc municipio apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) S'escribe latinizau como Rubiolos en l'adchudicacion de decimas y primicias de 1205 por part de Remón de Castrocol (...)&quot;. Quae forma ut accusativus pluralis secundae declinationis intellegi potest, cuius nominativus pluralis esset &quot;Rubioli&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; sive [[Rubeoli Ceridae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rubeoli Ceridae&quot;&gt;Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubiuelos_de_Mora#Toponimia commentationem de Rubeolis Morae apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) y se remontaría a lo latín RUBEOLUM con sufixo -OLU (...)&quot;. Syntagma genetivo &quot;Ceridae&quot; additur ut a Rubeolis Morae distinguatur.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Rubielos de la Cérida''
| ''Rubiuelos''
| ''Rubielos de la Cérida''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 66,90
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 46
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 0,81
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Xiloca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.240
|- 
| [[Salicetellum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;A Vicipaediano&quot;/&gt;
| ''Salcedillo''
| ''Salcediello''
| ''Salcedillo''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 16,89
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 0,71
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Regiones Metalliferae]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.195
|- 
| [[Saliceto]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ventura Conejero&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-onis&quot;/&gt;
| ''Saldón''
| ''Saldón''
| ''Saldón''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 28,37
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 29
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,06
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Serra Albarracina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Serra Albarracina&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.395
|- 
| [[Sancta Crux Nucariarum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nucaria&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;A Vicipaediano&quot;/&gt;
| ''Santa Cruz de Nogueras''
| ''Santa Cruz de Nogueras''
| ''Santa Cruz de Nogueras''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 15,18
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 31
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,44
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Xiloca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 894
|- 
| [[Sancta Eulalia Campi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;A Vicipaediano&quot;/&gt;
| ''Santa Eulalia del Campo'' sive ''Santa Eulalia''
| ''Santa Olalia''
| ''Santa Eulalia del Campo'' sive ''Santa Eulalia''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 80,97
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.185
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 14,12
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Communitas Terulii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 964
|- 
| [[Sanctus Augustinus (Terulium)|Sanctus Augustinus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;A Vicipaediano&quot;/&gt;
| ''San Agustín'' sive ''San Agostín''
| ''Sant Agostín''
| ''San Agustín''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 56,57
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 154
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,92
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Gudar-Iavalambre]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 959
|- 
| [[Sanctus Martinus de Rivo]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rationes&quot;/&gt;
| ''San Martín del Río''
| ''Sant Martín d'el Río''
| ''San Martín del Río''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 16,58
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 204
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13,81
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Xiloca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 781
|- 
| [[Sanctus Petrus de Calanda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| ''Samper de Calanda''
| ''Sant Per de Calanda''
| ''Sant Per de Calanda'' sive ''Samper de Calanda''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 142,80
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 928
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,02
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Martinus Inferior]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcanitium&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 258
|- 
| [[Sarrion]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt; sive [[Sarion]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| ''Sarrión''
| ''Sarrión''
| ''Sarrió''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 140,44
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.155
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,73
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Gudar-Iavalambre]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 981
|- 
| [[Satellum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Satellum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exatiel#Toponimia commentationem de hoc municipio apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) SATELLUM &gt; Satiello &gt; Satiel &gt; Xatiel (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Jatiel''
| ''Exatiel'' sive ''Xatiel''
| ''Jatiel''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,84
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 55
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,07
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Martinus Inferior]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcanitium&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 209
|- 
| [[Scuriola]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Scuriola&quot;&gt;Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escoriuela#Toponimia commentationem de hoc municipio apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) et ecclesiam et domum de Scuriola (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; sive [[Scoriola]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rationes&quot;/&gt; sive [[Scorivuela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rationes&quot;/&gt;
| ''Escorihuela''
| ''Escoriuela''
| ''Escoriuela''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 56,99
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 199
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,47
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Communitas Terulii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.133
|- 
| [[Secura (Terulium)|Secura]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt; sive [[Segura (Terulium)|Segura]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| ''Segura de los Baños''
| ''Segura de los Banyos''
| ''Segura de los Banyos''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 54,15
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 40
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 0,72
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Regiones Metalliferae]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.122
|- 
| [[Signa (Terulium)|Signa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt; sive [[Singra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| ''Singra''
| ''Cingla''
| ''Singra''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 36,72
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 95
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,67
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Xiloca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.047
|- 
| [[Sinus (Terulium)|Sinus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sinus&quot;&gt;Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seno#Toponimia commentationem de hoc municipio apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Lo toponimo Seno s'explica a partir de lo latín ''SINUS'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Seno''
| ''Seno''
| ''Seno''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 17,85
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 47
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,52
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Aragonia Inferior (commarca)|Aragonia Inferior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Aragonia Inferior&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcanitium&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 792
|- 
| [[Taurilum et Asessagar]]&lt;ref name=&quot;A Vicipaediano&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| ''Toril y Masegoso''
| ''Toril y Masegoso''
| ''Toril y Masegoso''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 30,67
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 36
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,49
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Serra Albarracina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Serra Albarracina&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.490
|- 
| [[Terulium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt; sive [[Terulum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt; sive [[Teruela]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt; sive [[Turia (urbs)|Turia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt; sive Turula&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt; sive [[Turba (urbs)|Turba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Turba&quot;/&gt; sive [[Turulium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt; sive [[Turolum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt; sive [[Turolium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt; sive [[Turbula]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Turba&quot;/&gt; 
| ''Teruel''
| ''Teruel''
| ''Terol''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 440,41
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 35.396
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 77,74
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Communitas Terulii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 912
|- 
| [[Tormon]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| ''Tormón''
| ''Tormón''
| ''Tormón''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 29,34
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 33
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,12
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Communitas Terulii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.051
|- 
| [[Torni (Terulium)|Torni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Torni&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ocharraire.blogspot.com/p/toponimia-mayor-aragonesa-m-z.html ''O Charraire: Toponimia Mayor Aragonesa (M-Z)''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) TORNOS: Tornos (...)&quot;. Forma &quot;Tornos&quot; ut accusativus pluralis secundae declinationis intellegi potest, cuius nominativus pluralis esset &quot;Torni&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Tornos''
| ''Tornos''
| ''Tornos''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 48,95
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 234
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,11
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Xiloca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.018
|-  
| [[Torrens (Terulium)|Torrens]]&lt;ref name=&quot;A Vicipaediano&quot;/&gt;
| ''Terriente''
| ''Terrient''
| ''Terrient''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 47,98
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 187
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4,00
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Serra Albarracina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Serra Albarracina&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.443
|-  
| [[Tronchon]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| ''Tronchón''
| ''Tronchón''
| ''Tronxó''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 57,11
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 110
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,77
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Magistratus (Terulium)|Magistratus]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcanitium&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.120
|- 
| [[Turremocha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| ''Torremocha de Jiloca''
| ''Torremocha de Xiloca''
| ''Torremotxa de Xiloca''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 33,94
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 143
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4,15
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Communitas Terulii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 981
|- 
| [[Turres Albaracini]]&lt;ref name=&quot;A Vicipaediano&quot;/&gt;
| ''Torres de Albarracín''
| ''Torres d'Albarracín''
| ''Torres d'Albarrasí''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 28,31
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 161
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,23
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Serra Albarracina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Serra Albarracina&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.228
|- 
| [[Turricella Alcanitii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;A Vicipaediano&quot;/&gt;
| ''Torrecilla de Alcañiz''
| ''Torrociella d'Alcanyiz''
| ''La Torrocella d'Alcanyís''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 26,76
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 435
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 16,82
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Aragonia Inferior (commarca)|Aragonia Inferior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Aragonia Inferior&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcanitium&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 446
|-
| [[Turricella Querceti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;A Vicipaediano&quot;/&gt;
| ''Torrecilla del Rebollar''
| ''Torreciella''
| ''Torrecilla del Rebollar''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 63,45
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 151
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,54
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Xiloca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.142
|-
| [[Turriculae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt; sive [[Turriles]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt; sive [[Torrillae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt; sive [[Torriyae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt; sive [[Torriiae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| ''Torrijas''
| ''Torrillas''
| ''Torrijas''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 57,34
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 62
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,22
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Gudar-Iavalambre]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.259
|- 
| [[Turriculum (Terulium)|Turriculum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Turriculum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torrillo#Toponimia commentationem de hoc municipio apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Torrillo ye interpretable a partir de lo latín ''TURRICULUM'' (...) Hoc autem est divisio Sancte Marie habet Signa Torrillo (...)  est in termino de Darocha inter Mont Real et Torrillo que dicitur Villa Catima (...)&quot;. Quamquam forma &quot;Torrillo&quot; intellegi potest in his textibus ut vocabulum invariabile e sermone romano vulgari regionis ortum, etiam ut ablativus aut dativus singularis secundae declinationis haberetur, cuius nominativus esset &quot;Torrillus&quot;, si genus masculinum, aut &quot;Torrillum&quot;, si neutrum.&lt;/ref&gt; sive [[Torrillum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Turriculum&quot;/&gt; sive [[Torrillus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Turriculum&quot;/&gt; sive [[Torrigii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Torrigii&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ocharraire.blogspot.com/p/toponimia-mayor-aragonesa-m-z.html ''O Charraire: Toponimia Mayor Aragonesa (M-Z)''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) TORRIJO DEL CAMPO: Torrigiis, Torrijos, Torrijo, Torrixo, Torrijo del Campo [1142] (...)&quot;. Forma &quot;Torrigiis&quot; ut dativus aut ablativus pluralis secundae declinationis intellegi potest, cuius nominativus pluralis esset &quot;Torrigii&quot;. Altera ex parte, formae &quot;Torriio&quot; et &quot;Torrixo&quot; intellegi possunt in hoc documento ut dativi aut ablativi secundae declinationis, quarum nominativi singulares essent &quot;Torriius&quot; et &quot;Torrixus&quot;, respective, si masculini aut &quot;Torriium&quot; et &quot;Torrixum&quot;, respective, si neutri; quamquam quoque intellegi possunt ut vocabulum invariabile e sermone romano vulgari regionis ortum. Denique, forma &quot;Torriios&quot; intellegi potest in hoc documento ut accusativus pluralis masculinus secundae declinationis, cuius nominativus pluralis esset &quot;Torriii&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; sive [[Torriii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Torrigii&quot;/&gt; sive [[Torriium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Torrigii&quot;/&gt; sive [[Torriius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Torrigii&quot;/&gt; sive [[Torrixus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Torrigii&quot;/&gt; sive [[Torrixum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Torrigii&quot;/&gt; 
| ''Torrijo del Campo''
| ''Torrillo''
| ''Torrijo del Campo''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 44,04
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 566
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13,15
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Xiloca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 924
|- 
| [[Turris Alba Sisonum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;A Vicipaediano&quot;/&gt; sive [[Toralba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt; sive [[Torralba de Semoy]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| ''Torralba de los Sisones''
| ''Torralba de los Sisons''
| ''Torralba de los Sisones''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 44,80
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 228
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,00
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Xiloca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.041
|- 
| [[Turris Arcarum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;A Vicipaediano&quot;/&gt;
| ''Torre de las Arcas''
| ''Torre de las Arcas''
| ''Torre de las Arcas''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 37,17
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 39
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 0,97
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Regiones Metalliferae]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 975
|- 
| [[Turris Archarum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt; sive [[Turris de Arquis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| ''Torres de Arcas''
| ''Torres d'Arcas''
| ''Torredarques''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 34,28
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 105
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,27
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Marrania]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcanitium&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 746
|- 
| [[Turris Comitis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;A Vicipaediano&quot;/&gt;
| ''Torre del Compte''
| ''Torrelconte''
| ''La Torre del Comte''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 19,46
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 158
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8,84
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Marrania]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcanitium&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 497
|- 
| [[Turris de Carcere]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| ''Torrelacárcel''
| ''Torre la Cárcel''
| ''Torrelacárcel''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 35,54
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 231
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,33
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Communitas Terulii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 979
|- 
| [[Turris Nigrorum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;A Vicipaediano&quot;/&gt;
| ''Torre los Negros''
| ''Torre los Negros''
| ''Torre los Negros''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 29,15
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 95
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,53
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Xiloca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.083
|- 
| [[Turris Vilella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| ''Torrevelilla''
| ''La Torre de Viliella''
| ''La Torre de Vilella''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 33,44
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 194
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,80
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Aragonia Inferior (commarca)|Aragonia Inferior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Aragonia Inferior&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcanitium&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 611
|-
| [[Ulmi (Terulium)|Ulmi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;A Vicipaediano&quot;/&gt;
| ''Los Olmos''
| ''Los Olmos''
| ''Los Olmos''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 43,97
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 136
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,23
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Aragonia Inferior (commarca)|Aragonia Inferior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Aragonia Inferior&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcanitium&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 868
|- 
| [[Urreya (Terulium)|Urreya]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Urreya&quot;&gt;Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urreya_de_Gay%C3%A9n#Toponimia commentationem de hoc municipio apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) audíunt ín ecclesia de Urreya (...) ecclesiam de Urreya ad instantiam (...) predicta ecclesia de Urreya (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Urrea de Gaén''
| ''Urreya de Gayén''
| ''Urrea de Gaén''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 41,42
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 530
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13,03
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Martinus Inferior]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcanitium&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 308
|- 
| [[Utrillae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| ''Utrillas''
| ''Utriellas''
| ''Utrillas''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 39,82
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3.388
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 84,03
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Regiones Metalliferae]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 941
|- 
| [[Vallicellus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;A Vicipaediano&quot;/&gt;
| ''El Vallecillo''
| ''Val Longuiello''
| ''El Vallecillo''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 21,59
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 45
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,50
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Serra Albarracina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Serra Albarracina&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.419
|- 
| [[Vallis ad Claudiae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ventura Conejero&quot;/&gt; sive [[Vallis ad Claudii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ventura Conejero&quot;/&gt; sive [[Vallacroch]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt; sive [[Vallacroche]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt; sive [[Alcroches]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt; sive [[Valacrade]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| ''Valacloche''
| ''Valacroch''
| ''Valacroch'' sive ''Valacloche''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 15,02
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 33
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,60
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Communitas Terulii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 983
|- 
| [[Vallis Algorfae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;A Vicipaediano&quot;/&gt;
| ''Valdealgorfa''
| ''Val d'Algorfa''
| ''Valldalgorfa'' sive ''Vall d'Esgorfa''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 46,93
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 667
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 14,62
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Aragonia Inferior (commarca)|Aragonia Inferior]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Aragonia Inferior&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcanitium&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 510
|- 
| [[Vallis Bona (Terulium)|Vallis Bona]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vallis Bona&quot;&gt;Vide [https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valbona#Toponimia commentationem de hoc municipio apud Vicipaediam Hispanicam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) El topónimo ''Valbona'' es interpretable a partir del latín VALLIS BONA' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Valbona''
| ''Valbona''
| ''Valbona''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 40,72
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 228
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,28
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Gudar-Iavalambre]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 950
|-
| [[Vallis Concae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;A Vicipaediano&quot;/&gt;
| ''Valdecuenca''
| ''Val de Cuenca''
| ''Val de Conca''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18,64
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 54
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,52
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Serra Albarracina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Serra Albarracina&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.331
|- 
| [[Vallis de Robres]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt; seu [[Vallis de Roures]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt; 
| ''Valderrobres''
| ''Val de Robres''
| ''Vall-de-roures''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 124,04
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2.285
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 17,65
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Marrania]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcanitium&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 510
|- 
| [[Vallis Iuncariae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;A Vicipaediano&quot;/&gt;
| ''Valjunquera''
| ''Val Chunquera''
| ''Valljunquera''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 41,84
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 417
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9,82
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Marrania]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcanitium&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 552
|- 
| [[Vallis Linarium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;A Vicipaediano&quot;/&gt;
| ''Valdelinares'' sive ''Valdrinares''
| ''Val de Linars''
| ''Vall de Linars'' sive ''Valdelinars''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 55,09
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 106
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,23
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Gudar-Iavalambre]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.692
|- 
| [[Vallis Tumuli]]&lt;ref name=&quot;A Vicipaediano&quot;/&gt;
| ''Valdeltormo''
| ''Val d'el Tormo''
| ''La Vall de Tormo''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 16,00
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 329
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22,00
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Marrania]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcanitium&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 436
|- 
| [[Vezae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vezae&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ocharraire.blogspot.com/p/toponimia-mayor-aragonesa-l.html ''O Charraire: Toponimia Mayor Aragonesa (A-L)''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) BEZAS: Vezas, Beças (...)&quot;. Quae formae intellegi possunt in hoc documento ut accusativi plurales primae declinationis, quarum nominativi plurales essent &quot;Vezae&quot; et &quot;Beçae&quot;, respective.&lt;/ref&gt; sive [[Beçae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vezae&quot;/&gt;
| ''Bezas''
| ''Bezas''
| ''Bezas''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 26,32
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 78
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,58
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Serra Albarracina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Serra Albarracina&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.165
|- 
| [[Villa Albiella]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Villa Albiella&quot;&gt;Vide [https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villahermosa_del_Campo#Villahermosa_en_la_Alta_Edad_Media commentationem de hoc municipio apud Vicipaediam Hispanicam], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Hoc autem est divisio Sancte Marie habet Signa Torrillo, Covas, Corlas, Anento, Ferrerola, Tonda, Covas de Portelo Rubeo, Lechon, Montnegriellos, Villaalbiella, Forcallo, Tortolon, Baguena (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Villahermosa del Campo''
| ''Villafermosa''
| ''Villahermosa del Campo''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 19,20
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 98
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4,79
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Xiloca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 956
|- 
| [[Villa Franca Campi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;A Vicipaediano&quot;/&gt;
| ''Villafranca del Campo''
| ''Villafranca''
| ''Villafranca del Campo''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 66,55
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 361
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,41
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Xiloca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 959
|- 
| [[Villa Nova (Terulium)|Villanova]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt; sive [[Villanueva (Terulium)|Villanueva]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Villanueva&quot;&gt;Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villanueva_del_Rebollar#Toponimia commentationem de hoc municipio apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) et cum terminis locorum de Villanueva et de la Foz de la Vieja, aldearum ville Montisalbani (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; sive [[Villanova (Terulium)|Villanova]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| ''Villanueva del Rebollar de la Sierra''
| ''Villanueva del Rebollar''
| ''Villanueva del Rebollar de la Sierra''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18,99
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 48
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,63
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Regiones Metalliferae]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.085
|- 
| [[Villa Rubea (Terulium)|Villa Rubea]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| ''Villarroya de los Pinares'' sive ''Villarroya''
| ''Villarroya de los Pinars''
| ''Vila-roia''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 66,41
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 190
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,92
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Magistratus (Terulium)|Magistratus]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.337
|- 
| [[Villare Cobii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;A Vicipaediano&quot;/&gt;
| ''Villar del Cobo''
| ''Villar d'el Cobo''
| ''Villar del Cobo''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 54,13
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 217
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,99
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Serra Albarracina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Serra Albarracina&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.419
|- 
| [[Villare Crematum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;A Vicipaediano&quot;/&gt;
| ''Villarquemado''
| ''Villar Cremato''
| ''Villarquemado''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 56,43
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 968
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 16,55
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Communitas Terulii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 996
|- 
| [[Villare Longum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| ''Villarluengo''
| ''Villar Luengo''
| ''Villarluengo''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 157,89
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 191
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,29
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Magistratus (Terulium)|Magistratus]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.119
|- 
| [[Villaricum de Salice]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Villaricum de Salice&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ocharraire.blogspot.com/p/toponimia-mayor-aragonesa-m-z.html ''O Charraire: Toponimia Mayor Aragonesa (M-Z)''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) VILLAR DEL SALZ: Villar, Villarico de Salice, Villar de Salce, Villar de Saleze, Villar del Salz, Villar del Salze [1205] (...)&quot;. Forma &quot;Villarico de Salice&quot; intellegi potest in hoc documento ut ablativus aut dativus singularis secundae declinationis, cuius nominativus esset &quot;Villaricum&quot; si neuter.&lt;/ref&gt; sive [[Villar de Salce]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Villaricum de Salice&quot;/&gt;
| ''Villar del Salz''
| ''Villar d'el Salz''
| ''Villar del Salz''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 38,69
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 85
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,40
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Xiloca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hofmann&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.219
|-
| [[Villelum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Villelum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ocharraire.blogspot.com/p/toponimia-mayor-aragonesa-l.html ''O Charraire: Toponimia Mayor Aragonesa (A-L)''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) VILLEL: Villeli, Villelo, Villel, Vilel, Billel [1180] (...)&quot;. Forma &quot;Villelo&quot; intellegi potest in hoc documento ut ablativus aut dativus singularis secundae declinationis et forma &quot;Villeli&quot; ut genetivus singularis eiusdem substantivi, cuius nominativus esset &quot;Villelus&quot;, si genus masculinum, aut &quot;Villelum&quot;, si neutrum; vel etiam ut vocabulum invariabile e sermone romano vulgari regionis ortum.&lt;/ref&gt; sive [[Villiels]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rationes&quot;/&gt; sive [[Villelus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Villelum&quot;/&gt; sive [[Vilianus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ventura Conejero&quot;/&gt; sive [[Villarius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ventura Conejero&quot;/&gt; sive [[Villel]] sive [[Billel]]
| ''Villel''
| ''Villel''
| ''Villel''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 85,38
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 382
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4,30
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Communitas Terulii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 883
|- 
| [[Villestar]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt; sive [[Bellestar]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt; sive [[Vellestar]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| ''Villastar''
| ''Bellestar''
| ''Villastar''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 39,05
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 427
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8,99
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Communitas Terulii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 858
|- 
| [[Vinazeyte]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt; sive [[Biniazaet]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt; sive [[Vinazeyt]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire M-Z&quot;/&gt;
| ''Vinaceite''
| ''Binaceit''
| ''Binazeit'' sive ''Vinaceite''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 50,07
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 330
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,63
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Martinus Inferior]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcanitium&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 304
|- 
| [[Vitietum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vitietum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visiedo#Toponimia commentationem de hoc municipio apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Lo suyo nombre puet venir de lo latín ''VITIETUM'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Visiedo''
| ''Visiedo''
| ''Visiedo''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 55,53
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 154
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,83
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Communitas Terulii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.185
|- 
| [[Vivarium (Terulium)|Vivarium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vivarium&quot;&gt;Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivel_(Teruel)#Toponimia commentationem de hoc municipio apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Lo toponimo Vivel s'explica a partir de lo latín ''VIVARIUM'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Vivel del Río Martín''
| ''Vivel''
| ''Vivel del Río Martín''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 51,16
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 91
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,80
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Regiones Metalliferae]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Calamocha&lt;ref name=&quot;Topacalar&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 970
|- 
| [[Xea]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt; seu [[Exea (Terulium)|Exea Albaracini]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| ''Gea de Albarracín''
| ''Exea d'Albarracín''
| ''Gea de Albarracín''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 57,50
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 442
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,95
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Serra Albarracina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Serra Albarracina&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.031
|- 
| [[Xorcae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Xorcae&quot;&gt;Vide [https://ocharraire.blogspot.com/p/toponimia-mayor-aragonesa-l.html ''O Charraire: Toponimia Mayor Aragonesa (A-L)''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) JORCAS: Xorcas, Exorcas (...)&quot;. Formae &quot;Xorcas&quot; et &quot;Exorcas&quot; intellegi possunt in hoc documento ut accusativi plurales primae declinationis, quarum nominativi plurales essent &quot;Xorcae&quot; et &quot;Exorcae&quot;, respective.&lt;/ref&gt; sive [[Exorcae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Xorcae&quot;/&gt;
| ''Jorcas''
| ''Exorcas''
| ''Jorcas''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 26,20
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 42
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,76
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Communitas Terulii]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.335
|-
| [[Zaylla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O Charraire A-L&quot;/&gt;
| ''Azaila''
| ''Zaila''
| ''Azaila''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 81,44
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 154
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,00
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Martinus Inferior]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Alcanitium&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 276
|- 
| [[Zoma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;A Vicipaediano&quot;/&gt;
| ''La Zoma''
| ''La Zoma''
| ''La Zoma''
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 14,50
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,59
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Regiones Metalliferae]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Terulium&lt;ref name=&quot;Terulium&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1.151
|}

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{provinciae Hispanae}}

[[Categoria:Aragonia]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Engolisma</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Pippobuono</username>
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      <comment>/* Ecclesia Catholica */ latine</comment>
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      <text bytes="2297" sha1="2e22f31yldh4mgkl66uq04x571g64j9" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}
'''Engolisma'''&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190917112809/https://www2.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/hofmann/hof2/s0158b.html Engolisma seu Inculisma]&quot; in {{Lexfons}}. &quot;Egolisma, Engolisma, Iculisma&quot; ibidem in indice s.v. ''Angoulesme''. &quot;Engulisma&quot; etc. aliis fontibus reperiuntur&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Vb. adiect. &quot;Engolismensis&quot;, cf. titulum operis ''Historia pontificum et comitum Engolismensium'' [https://www.persee.fr/doc/bec_0373-6237_1958_num_116_1_461395_t1_0237_0000_000 hic recensi]&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Francogallice]] ''Angoulême'') est [[urbs]] et [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 42'014 incolarum (anno [[2012]]) caput [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Carantonus|Carantoni]] in regione occidentali [[Pictaviensis et Carantoni]]s (a die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2016]] [[Aquitania Lemovicensis Pictaviensis et Carantoni|Aquitania Lemovicensi Pictaviensi et Carantonis]]). Aevo Romano urbs capitalis fuit civitatis Engolismensium.

== Ecclesia Catholica ==
[[Fasciculus:Angoulême-La Cathédrale.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Despectus in ecclesiam cathedralem Engolismensem]]
Engolisma est sedes episcopalis Dioecesis Engolismensis. Praesens [[episcopus]] est [[Herveus Gosselin]]. In imagine nostra vides ecclesiam cathedralem [[Sanctus Petrus|Sancti Petri]] Engolismensis. Episcopus emeritus est [[Claudius Dagens]].

== Incolae notabiles ==
===Nati===
* [[Mauritius Duverger]], iuris consultus et scriptor
* [[Ioannes Baptista Vallin de la Motte]] architectus

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{NexInt}}
* [[Museum Engolismense]]
* [[Index communium praefecturae Carantoni]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Angoulême | Engolismam}}
* {{INSEE commune|16015|de=Engolisma}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051207145652/http://www.angouleme.fr/ Engolismae pagina interretialis]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20200609195737/http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=853 De hoc commune apud cassini.ehess.fr]

{{urbs-stipula}}

{{Capita praefecturarum Franciae}}
{{Capita civitatum Galliae Romanae}}

[[Categoria:Engolisma| ]]
[[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Carantoni]]
[[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Carantoni]]
[[Categoria:Capita civitatum Imperii Romani]]
[[Categoria:Urbes Galliae Romanae]]
[[Categoria:Sedes episcopales Franciae]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Naruto</title>
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      <text bytes="1949" sha1="3l8i12pj24vrpricu5gz3vmvn4xuipq" xml:space="preserve">{{Latinitas|-2}}
'''''Naruto''''' (ナルト) est [[manga]] a [[Masasi Kishimoto|Masasis Cishimoto]] picta. [[Ninja]] Naruto Uzumaki interest.  

Naruto, puer duodecim annorum, in parvo pago nomine ''Frondis'' solus vivit, quia parentibus orbatus est. In ludum cottidie it, ut Kage fiat. Cum examinationem cum duce magno magistro ninja Genin superaret, multas praeclaras res gerit. Ita multa praemia Narutori sunt, perutilia ad eius parvi pagi vitam. 

Amici Narutoris duo Sasuke Uchiha et Sakura Haruno sunt, inimicique eius sunt Orochimaru et Institutio Akatsuki (Itache Uchiha, Kisame Hoshigaki, Zetsu, Deidara, Sasori, Tobi, Hiden, Kakuzu, Pain (Nagato), Konan) et Team Take (a Sasuke). Orochimaru eorum dux est, homo ferocissimus pravusque. Sasuke Itacheque Uchiha fratres sunt. Dum pugnant, futura res praevident, quia eis sunt Sharingan.

{{Pars vicificanda}}
== Historia ==
Ante annis duodecim pagus Conohagacuris daemone vulpinis caudarum novem (japanice ''Kitsune'') extererat.

Capita

Naruto (tempus primum)

# [[Narutus Uzumaci|Naruto Uzumaci]]
# [[Conohamaru]]
# [[Sasucius Uchiha]]
# [[Cacaxis Hatace]]
# Neglegentia contra hostem pessimum
# Ne! Sasuce-cun!
# Argumentatio Cacaxis.
# Quapropter quia erravisti.
# Egressus.
# Hoc est finis.
# Ninja sum.
# Consilium absconditum!!
# Reditus Sharingan!!
# Quis es tu?
# Apparatus ad dimicationem. 
# Pro somniis nostris.
# Insignum fortitudonis.
# Vicus, qui habebat virum. 
# Occursus in silva.
# Aemulus apparet!!
# Petitiones praecipuae duae.
# Velocitas. 
# Pro somniis nostris...!!
# Ruinosus Sharingan.

* Naruto-Chronica rotundae

{{NexInt}}
* [[Jump Force]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Naruto|Narutinem}}
* https://web.archive.org/web/20170313191140/http://www.naruto.com/ Pagina officialis
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090401060958/http://www.animeoxide.com/anime/naruto.html Naruto Anime]

{{pers-fict-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Mangae]]
[[Categoria:Personae ficticiae]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Regina Caeli</title>
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      <text bytes="1696" sha1="o40a4i5vjohpkophct8w9q81t31a9hr" xml:space="preserve">{{Non stipula}}
[[Fasciculus:L F Schnorr von Carolsfeld Die drei Marien am Grab Jesu.jpg|thumb|Tres Mariae ad [[sepulcrum]] [[Iesus Christus|Iesu Christi]]. Opus [[Ludovicus Ferdinandus Schnorr de Carolsfeld|Ludovici Ferdinandi Schnorr de Carolsfeld]] anno [[1835]] pictum.]]
[[File:Regina Caeli.wav|thumb|Audio]]

'''Regina caeli''' est [[prex]], qua tempore paschali oratur. Etiam [[Papa]] [[dies Domini|die Dominica]] ac aliis diebus festis inter tempus [[Pascha (festum Christianum)|Paschale]] [[meridies|meridie]] a [[fenestra]] [[aedificium|aedificii]] apostolici loco orationis ''&quot;[[Angelus Domini]]&quot;'' hanc precem recitat.

== Textus ==
Verba huius orationis sunt:

:''Regina caeli, laetare, [[alleluia]]''.
:''Quia quem meruisti portare, alleluia.''
:''Resurrexit, sicut dixit, alleluia.''&lt;br /&gt;
:''Ora pro nobis Deum, alleluia.''
:''Gaude et laetare, [[Virgo Maria]], alleluia.''
:''Quia surrexit Dominus vere, alleluia.''
:''Oremus. [[Deus]], qui per resurrectionem Filii tui Domini nostri [[Iesus Christus|Iesu Christi]] mundum laetificare dignatus es: praesta, quaesumus, ut per eius Genetricem Virginem Mariam perpetuae capiamus gaudia vitae.''
:''Per eundem Christum Dominum nostrum. Amen.''

In carmen: 

:''Regina caeli, laetare, alleluia''.
:''Quia quem meruisti portare, alleluia.''
:''Resurrexit, sicut dixit, alleluia.''&lt;br /&gt;
:''Ora pro nobis Deum, alleluia.''

== Hymnus ==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160426122548/http://www.liturgiadashoras.org/reginacaeli.htm Cantus Gregorianus]
[[File:Regina caeli, laetare.png|thumb|left|[[Cantus Gregorianus|Notatione Gregoriana]].]]

[[Categoria:Preces Christianae]]
[[Categoria:Hymni Christiani]]
{{Hymni et preces Christiani}}</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-11-02T21:45:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
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      <comment>-{{[[Formula:Nondum stipula|Nondum stipula]]}}: pagina est satis longa</comment>
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      <text bytes="1710" sha1="biqs9gn9khiwk897sgmmuf5cuadpu0t" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:L F Schnorr von Carolsfeld Die drei Marien am Grab Jesu.jpg|thumb|Tres Mariae ad [[sepulcrum]] [[Iesus Christus|Iesu Christi]]. Opus [[Ludovicus Ferdinandus Schnorr de Carolsfeld|Ludovici Ferdinandi Schnorr de Carolsfeld]] anno [[1835]] pictum.]]
[[File:Regina Caeli.wav|thumb|Audio]]

'''Regina caeli''' est [[prex]], qua tempore paschali oratur. Etiam [[Papa]] [[dies Domini|die Dominica]] ac aliis diebus festis inter tempus [[Pascha (festum Christianum)|Paschale]] [[meridies|meridie]] a [[fenestra]] [[aedificium|aedificii]] apostolici loco orationis ''&quot;[[Angelus Domini]]&quot;'' hanc precem recitat.

== Textus ==
Verba huius orationis sunt:

:''Regina caeli, laetare, [[alleluia]]''.
:''Quia quem meruisti portare, alleluia.''
:''Resurrexit, sicut dixit, alleluia.''
:''Ora pro nobis Deum, alleluia.''
:''Gaude et laetare, [[Virgo Maria]], alleluia.''
:''Quia surrexit Dominus vere, alleluia.''
:''Oremus. [[Deus]], qui per resurrectionem Filii tui Domini nostri [[Iesus Christus|Iesu Christi]] mundum laetificare dignatus es: praesta, quaesumus, ut per eius Genetricem Virginem Mariam perpetuae capiamus gaudia vitae.''
:''Per eundem Christum Dominum nostrum. Amen.''

[[Antiphona]] ex primis quattuor versibus consistit: 

:''Regina caeli, laetare, alleluia''.
:''Quia quem meruisti portare, alleluia.''
:''Resurrexit, sicut dixit, alleluia.''
:''Ora pro nobis Deum, alleluia.''

== Hymnus ==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160426122548/http://www.liturgiadashoras.org/reginacaeli.htm Cantus Gregorianus]
[[File:Regina caeli, laetare.png|thumb|left|[[Cantus Gregorianus|Notatione Gregoriana]].]]

[[Categoria:Preces Christianae]]
[[Categoria:Hymni Christiani]]
{{Hymni et preces Christiani}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Categoria:Instrumenta Vicipaediae</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
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        <id>64423</id>
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      <comment>+{{[[Formula:Pagina principalis categoriae|Pagina principalis categoriae]]}}</comment>
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      <text bytes="183" sha1="iuifcnzinzbjcr9hlcj5qzvei1v2n02" xml:space="preserve">{{Categoria administrativa Vicipaediae}}
{{Pagina principalis categoriae|Vicipaedia:Instrumenta Vicipaediae}}

[[Categoria:MediaVici]]
[[Categoria:Vicimedia]]
[[Categoria:Vicipaedia]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Vicipaedia:Instrumenta Vicipaediae</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
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      <text bytes="674" sha1="ergpvlw7tp8xd8s0xj569pfao30wu1i" xml:space="preserve">Instrumenta Vicipaediae:

* [[Vicipaedia:CatScan]]
* [[Vicipaedia:Catgraph]]
* [[Vicipaedia:Orphantalk]]

Instrumenta alia:
* [[Vicipaedia:Whois]]
* [[Words]]

{{NexInt}}
* [[Vicipaedia:Reporting technical problems]]
* [[Vicipaedia:Allmessages]]
* [[Vicipaedia:Praefatio]]

== Nexus externi ==
* [[m:Toolserver]]
* http://vs.aka-online.de/wikipedia.html
* http://toolserver.org/~vvv/adminstats.php?wiki=lawiki_p&amp;tlimit=none
* [[:m:User:Dapete/Toolserver]] &amp;rarr; Random pages [[m:User:Dapete/Toolserver#Random_pages]] &amp;rarr; [[tools:~dapete/random/enwiki-featured.php]] (featured articles)
* [[toollabs:commonshelper/|commonshelper]]

[[Categoria:Instrumenta Vicipaediae| ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Andreas Marceau</title>
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      <comment>+formula +cat</comment>
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      <text bytes="869" sha1="akcvblkozfo9dwqxvmu66lehgkx9pbt" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidata}}
''' Andreas Marceau''' (natus die [[5 Maii]] [[1946]] in [[Sirio]]ne in praefectura [[Girundia (praefectura Franciae)|Girundia]]), [[presbyter]] ordinatus die [[25 Martii]] [[1972]], fuit a die [[13 Ianuarii]] [[2004]] usque ad diem [[6 Martii]] [[2014]] [[episcopus]] [[Perpenianum|Perpeniani]], id est [[Dioecesis Elnensis]] ([[Francogallice]] '' Perpignan-Elne''). Nunc est episcopus [[Nicaea (Francia)|Nicaeae]] ([[Dioecesis Nicensis]] seu Niciensis).

== Nexus externi ==

* {{CathHierBishop|marceau}}
* [http://www.cef.fr/catho/personnalites/marceau.php Curriculum vitae ] in pagina [[Conferentia Episcopalis Francica]]

{{bio-stipula}}
{{Episcopi Elnenses}}
{{Anni vitae|1946||Marceae, Andreas}}

[[Categoria:Incolae Franciae]]
[[Categoria:Episcopi Ecclesiae Catholicae]]
[[Categoria:Episcopi Nicenses]]
[[Categoria:Episcopi Elnenses]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Philippus Bonus</title>
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      <text bytes="7160" sha1="9mpzbqaduql1xnqczyk07m6jrr68p26" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa principis Vicidata}}
'''Philippus''' [[Valesii|Valesius]], '''secundus''' huius nominis, cognomine '''Bonus'''&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Philippus II., fil. Johannis, jussu Caroli VII. Galliae regis occisi, ''Boni'' cognomentum tulit&quot;: {{Hofmannus}} {{Google Books|5V4G8NkAL18C|vol. 3 p. 714}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;philippus, cognomine Bonus, Burgundiae dux&quot; {{Google Books|3YI9AAAAcAAJ|col. 1539}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Ex hac Philippum secundum genuit, qui Bonus Dux fuit appellatus, et sex filias&quot; {{Google Books|i_L5uoOpLqUC|p. 87}}&lt;/ref&gt; (natus [[Divio]]ne die [[31 Iulii]] [[1396]]; [[Brugae|Brugis]] die [[15 Iunii]] [[1467]] mortuus) fuit [[Ducatus Burgundiae|dux Burgundiae]] ab anno [[1419]] usque ad [[mors|mortem]]. Quadraginta annos cancellarius eius potentissimus et ditissimus fuit [[Nicolaus Rolin]].

== Vita ==
[[Fasciculus:Karte Haus Burgund 3.png|thumb|Terrarum auctio Philippo Bono]]
[[Fasciculus:Burgunderherzoege.jpg|thumb|Philippus Bonus et Carolus Temerarius in Ecclesia Franciscanorum [[Pons Aeni|Aenipontana]]]]
Filius [[ioannes Intrepidus|Ioannis Intrepidi]] et Margaritae [[Bavaria]]e anno 1419 patre necato Burgundiae dux factus est. Odio delphini obrutus ''Pacto [[Trecae|Trecarum]]'' die 21.5.1420 signato una cum [[henricus V (rex Angliae)|Henrico V]] Angliae rege coalitionem iniit contra [[Carolus VII (rex Franciae)|Carolum VII]] pugnaturus. Istum autem denique die 21.9.1435 ''Convento [[nemetacum|Nemetacensi]]'' agnoscere dignatus est, si independentia maxima frueretur et [[picardia (provincia)|Picardiam]] usque fluvium [[samara (flumen)|Samaram]] necnon comitatus [[Autessiodurum|Autessioduri]] et Mâcon reciperet. Anno 1433 Brabantiam et Bataviam consobrinae Iacobaeae [[Bavaria]]e rapuit.
[[Fasciculus:Romance of Girart de Roussillon, Vienna, Cod. 2549, fol. 6r.jpg|thumb|Philippus Bonus librum accipiens (Girart de Roussillon)]]
Homines doctos atque artifices curavit et quaestus promovebat (praesertim artem tapetum texendorum in [[Flandria]]); die 10.1.1429 [[Brugae|Brugis]] in nuptiis instituit [[ordo Aurei Velleris|Ordinem Velleris Aurei]] ''(Ordre de la Toison d'or)''.

Anno 1409 in matrimonium duxerat Michaelam, filiam regis Caroli VII; ex anno 1424 autem maritus fuit Bonae de Artois, filiae comitis Philippi de [[Nevers]], ex anno 1429 Isabellae [[Lusitania]]e quae successorem [[Carolus Temerarius|Carolum Temerarium]] peperit.

== Fontes de vita et principatu Philippi Boni ==
* [[Georgius Castellanus]], ''[[Chronique de messire Georges Chastellain|Chroniques]]'' [https://archive.org/details/uvresdegeorgesc14belggoog/ 1] [https://archive.org/details/uvresdegeorgesc11belggoog/ 2] [https://archive.org/details/uvresdegeorgesc15belggoog/ 3] [https://archive.org/details/uvresdegeorgesc16belggoog/ 4] [https://archive.org/details/uvresdegeorgesc04belggoog/ 5]
* [[Georgius Castellanus]] et [[Ioannes Molinet]], ''Recollection des merveilleuses advenues'' [https://archive.org/details/chroniquemtriq00chas/ Textus]
* [[Philippus Cominaeus]], ''[[De rebus gestis Ludovici undecimi|Mémoires]]''
* [[Olivarius Marchianus]], ''[[Mémoires de messire Olivier de la Marche|Mémoires]]'' [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_tamz6f827wIC/ Textus]
* [[Enguerrandus de Monstrelet]], ''[[Chroniques (Monstrelet)|Chroniques]]'' [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_EH8PAAAAQAAJ/ Editio 1840]

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
; Opera antiquiora
* 1566 : Guillaume Paradin de Cuyseaulx, ''Annales de Bourgongne''. Lugduni: par Antoine Gryphius [https://web.archive.org/web/20211023173715/https://numelyo.bm-lyon.fr/f_view/BML:BML_00GOO0100137001101351745?pid=BML:BML_00GOO0100137001101351745&amp;pg_titre= Textus]
* 1739-1781 : Urbain Plancher, ''Histoire générale et particulière de Bourgogne, avec des notes, des dissertations et les preuves justificatives''. 4 voll. Divione: Antoine de Fay [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k97302001 vol. 4] apud Gallica

; Biographica
* Paul Bonenfant; A.-M. Bonenfant-Feytmans, ed., ''Philippe le Bon: sa politique, son action''. Bruxellis: De Boeck université, 1996. ISBN 2-8041-2115-1
* Yvon Lacaze, &quot;Philippe le Bon et l'Empire: bilan d'un règne&quot; in ''Francia'' no. 9 (1981) et no. 10 (1982) [https://francia.digitale-sammlungen.de//Blatt_bsb00016284,00149.html pars 1] [https://francia.digitale-sammlungen.de//Blatt_bsb00016285,00181.html pars 2]
* Richard Vaughan, ''Philip the Good : The Apogee of Burgundy''. 2a ed. Woodbridge: Boydell, 2002. ISBN 0-85115-917-6

; Specialia
* Otto Cartellieri, &quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20201128135737/https://bm.dijon.fr/documents/ANNALES%20BOURGOGNE/1929/1929-001-04-078-083-1421749.pdf Philippe le Bon et le roi de France en 1430 et 1431]&quot; in ''Annales de Bourgogne'' vol. 1 (1929) pp. 78-83
* Sophie Jolivet, &quot;[https://journals.openedition.org/apparences/1307 La construction d’une image: Philippe le Bon et le noir (1419-1467)]&quot; in ''Apparence(s)'' no 6 (2015)
* Takemi Kanao, &quot;[https://journals.openedition.org/cem/952 Introduction aux finances et à la fiscalité de Philippe le Bon dans les années 1420]&quot; in ''BUCEMA'' vol. 8 (2004)
* Yvon Lacaze, &quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210508031819/https://bm.dijon.fr/documents/ANNALES%20BOURGOGNE/1969/1969-041-01-005-042-1369965.pdf Politique « méditerranéenne » et projets de croisade chez Philippe le Bon : de la chute de Byzance à la victoire chrétienne de Belgrade (mai 1453-juillet 1456)]&quot; in ''Annales de Bourgogne'' vol. 41 (1969) pp. 5-42, 81-132
* Yvon Lacaze, &quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/bec_0373-6237_1971_num_129_2_449897 Le rôle des traditions dans la genèse d'un sentiment national au xve siècle. La Bourgogne de Philippe Le Bon]&quot; in ''Bibliothèque de l'École des chartes'' vol. 129 (1971) pp. 303-385
* Werner Paravicini, &quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/rbph_0035-0818_1997_num_75_4_4214 Philippe le Bon en Allemagne (1454)]&quot; in ''Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire'' vol. 75 (1997) pp. 967-1018
* Werner Paravicini, &quot;[https://perspectivia.net//publikationen/bdf/paravicini-schnerb_paris/paravicini_temps Le temps retrouvé? Philippe le Bon à Paris en 1461]&quot; in Werner Paravicini, Bertrand Schnerb, edd., ''Paris, capitale des ducs de Bourgogne''. Ostfildern, Jan Thorbecke Verlag, 2007. ISBN 978-3-7995-7459-4) pp. 399-469
* Anne-Brigitte Spitzbarth, ''Ambassades et ambassadeurs de Philippe le Bon, troisième duc Valois de Bourgogne, 1419-1467''. Tornaci: Brepols, 2013. ISBN 9782503544939
* Marie-Rose Thielemans, ''Bourgogne et Angleterre: relations politiques et économiques entre les Pays-Bas bourguignons et l'Angleterre, 1435-1467''. Bruxellis: Presses universitaires de Bruxelles, 1966
* Mark Warner, &quot;The Anglo-French dual monarchy and the house of Burgundy, 1420-1435: the survival of an alliance&quot; in ''French History'' vol. 11 (1997) pp. 103-130

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Philip III, Duke of Burgundy|Philippum Bonum}}
{{Fontes biographici}}
* [http://dijoon.free.fr/bestof/philgood.htm Brevis biographia] {{Ling|Anglice}} 

{{Duces Burgundiae Valesii}}

[[Categoria:Philippus Bonus| ]]
[[Categoria:Duces Burgundiae]]
[[Categoria:Nati 1396]]
[[Categoria:Mortui 1467]]
[[Categoria:Carolus Temerarius]]
[[Categoria:Ioannes Intrepidus]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Philippus Audax</title>
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      <text bytes="3238" sha1="02wu3mz0mtiuwvw1sx8dkw8iaqw5c0v" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa principis Vicidata}}
'''Philippus''', [[Valesii|Valesiorum]] '''primus''' huius nominis, cognomine '''Audax'''&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Philippus Audax, filius Ioannis Franciae regis . . . Burgundiae dux et Flandriae comes&quot; {{Google Books|3YI9AAAAcAAJ|col. 1538}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Johannes rex Philippo filio, Turonum duci, qui in praelio Pictaviensi re fortissime gesta ''Audacis'' elogium meruit, ducatum Burgundiae concessit, qui '''I.''' ex posteriori fmailia hoc nomine fuit&quot; {{Hofmannus}} {{Google Books|5V4G8NkAL18C|vol. 3, p. 714}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Pontisara]]e natus die [[17 Ianuarii]] [[1342]]; mortuus in [[Hal]] in praesente [[Belgia]] die [[27 Aprilis]] [[1404]]), fuit [[Ducatus Burgundiae|Dux Burgundiae]] cum nomine Philippo II ab anno [[1363]] usque ad mortem. Regis [[Ioannes II (rex Franciae)|Iohannis II]] uxorisque eius Bonnae Luxemburgi erat filius.

== Fontes de vita et principatu Philippi ==
* [[Ioannes Froissartius]], ''[[Chroniques (Froissart)|Chroniques]]''
* [[Enguerrandus de Monstrelet]], ''[[Chroniques (Monstrelet)|Chroniques]]'' [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_EH8PAAAAQAAJ/ Editio 1840]

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
; Opera antiquiora
* 1566 : Guillaume Paradin de Cuyseaulx, ''Annales de Bourgongne''. Lugduni: par Antoine Gryphius [https://web.archive.org/web/20211023173715/https://numelyo.bm-lyon.fr/f_view/BML:BML_00GOO0100137001101351745?pid=BML:BML_00GOO0100137001101351745&amp;pg_titre= Textus]
* 1739-1781 : Urbain Plancher, ''Histoire générale et particulière de Bourgogne, avec des notes, des dissertations et les preuves justificatives''. 4 voll. Divione: Antoine de Fay, 1739-1781 [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9729751k vol. 3] apud Gallica

; Eruditio recentior
* Carol M. Chattaway, ''The Order of the Golden Tree: The Gift-giving Objectives of Duke Philip The Bold of Burgundy''. Tornaci: Brepols, 2006. ISBN 978-2-503-52297-5
* Patrick Marc De Winter, &quot;The Grandes Heures of Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy : The Copyist Jean L'Avenant and His Patrons at the French Court&quot; in ''Speculum'' vol. 57 (1982) pp. 786-842 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2848764 JSTOR]
* Patrick Marc De Winter, ''The patronage of Philippe le Hardi, duke of Burgundy (1364-1404)''. New York University, 1976
* Stephen N. Fliegel, Sophie Jugie, edd., ''L’Art à la cour de Bourgogne. Le mécénat de Philippe le Hardi et de Jean sans Peur (1364-1419), catalogue de l'exposition''. Divione: Musée des Beaux-Arts, 2004
* Jean Rauzier, ''Finances et Gestion d'une principauté au xive siècle. Le duché de Bourgogne de Philippe le Hardi (1364-1384)''. Lutetiae: Imprimerie nationale, 1996. ISBN 2-110-88973-X
* Andrée Van Nieuwenhuysen, ''Les finances du duc de Bourgogne Philippe le Hardi, 1384-1404''. Bruxellis: Université de Bruxelles, 1996. ISBN 978-2-800-40838-5
* Richard Vaughan, ''Philip the Bold : The Formation of the Burgundian State''. 2a ed. Woodbridge: Boydell, 2002. ISBN 9780851159157

{{NexInt}}
*[[Christina Pisana]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{Fontes biographici}}
{{Duces Burgundiae Valesii}}

[[Categoria:Duces Burgundiae]]
[[Categoria:Nati 1342]]
[[Categoria:Mortui 1404]]
[[Categoria:Ioannes Intrepidus]]
[[Categoria:Philippus Audax|!]]
[[Categoria:Ioannes II (rex Francorum)]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Pinarolium</title>
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      <text bytes="3901" sha1="9aueub5vivtjt5a4k1q0hh9k8xc9rvc" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}
[[Fasciculus:IMG 7094 - Pinerolo - Piazza del Comune - Foto Giovanni Dall'Orto 17-Mar-2007.jpg|thumb|Forum Municipii cum statua [[Philippus Brignoni|Philippo Brignoni]]]]
'''Pinarolium'''&lt;ref name=&quot;casalis&quot;&gt;{{Godefridus Casalis}}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Cfr. it.wiki&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Nomi d'Italia&quot;&gt;Nomi d'Italia - AAVV, De Agostini&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;graesse&quot; /&gt; {{victio|Pinarolium|ii|n}} (alia nomina: '''Pinerolium'''&lt;ref name=&quot;casalis&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Nomi d'Italia&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CathHier&quot;&gt;Cf. {{CathHierDiocese|pine|Dioecesis Pineroliensis}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;graesse&quot; /&gt; et cetera) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Pinerolo|Pinerolo]]'') est [[Urbes Italiae|Urbs]] [[Italia]]e et [[Commune Italiae|municipium]] circiter 35&amp;thinsp;805 incolarum, in [[Regio Italiae|Regione]] [[Pedemontium|Pedemontio]] et in [[Urbs metropolitana Taurinensis|Urbe metropolitana Taurinensi]] situm. Urbani ''Pinarolienses''&lt;ref name=&quot;graesse&quot; /&gt; seu ''Pinerolienses''&lt;ref name=&quot;graesse&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CathHier&quot; /&gt; appellantur.

== Insigne ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Fasciculus:Corona di città.svg|''[[Urbs Italiae]]''&lt;ref&gt;RR.PP. [[3 Martii]] [[1575]] [[Emanuel Philibertus Sabaudiae|Emanuele Philiberto Sabaudiae]] [senza fonte], DPCM 29 [[Iulii]] [[1955]]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== Sententia ===
Sententia urbis est: ''Dulcis domino durissimus hosti''.

== Nomina urbis ==
Nomina latina urbis sunt&lt;ref name=&quot;casalis&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Nomi d'Italia&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CathHier&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;graesse&quot; /&gt;: ''Pinarolium, Pinerolium, Pinayrolium, Pinarolum, Pinariolum, Pinariarium, Pinallo, Pinairolium''. 

Nomina latina incolarum sunt&lt;ref name=&quot;casalis&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Nomi d'Italia&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CathHier&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;graesse&quot; /&gt;: ''Pinarolienses'' vel ''Pinerolenses''.
== Historia ==
Urbis nomen primum scriptum est anno [[981]] in diploma [[imperator]]is [[Otto II|Ottonis II]].

== Clari cives ==
Pinarolii olim vixerunt aut nati sunt et hodie vivunt multi illustres viri atque feminae, inter eos:
=== Nati ===
* [[Nicolaus Fouquet]] ([[1615]]–[[1681]]), vir publicus [[Francia|Francicus]], qui ibi captivus obiit
* [[Ludovicus Facta]] ([[1861]]–[[1930]]) vir publicus Italicus et praeses Consilii
* [[Ferruccius Parri]] ([[1890]]–[[1981]]) vir publicus Italicus et praeses Consilii

== Aedificia egregia ==
* Ecclesia cathedralis S. Donati.

== Ecclesia Catholica Romana ==
Pinarolium [[sedes episcopalis]] [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Ecclesiae Catholicae Romanae]] est. Nomen sedis episcopalis [[Dioecesis Pineroliensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;CathHier&quot; /&gt; est.

== Fractiones, vici et loci in municipio ==
=== Fractiones ===
''Abbadia Alpina, Ainana, Avaro/Tron, Bacchiasso, Batur, Baudenasca, Biscornetto, Borgata Colombaio, Borgata Orba, C.E.P., Cascina della Cappella, Cascina Ghiotta, Cascina Gili, Cascina Nuova, Cascina Pol, Case Bianche, Case Nuove, Colletto, Gerbido di Costagrande, Gerbido di Riva, Graniera, Losani, Motta Grossa, Pascaretto, Riauna, Riva, Rubiani, Salera, San Martino, Stazione di Riva, Talucco, Villa Motta Rasini''.

== Municipia finitima ==
''Buriasco, Cantalupa, Cumiana, Frossasco, Garzigliana, Macello, Osasco, Pinasca, Piscina, Porte, Roletto, San Pietro Val Lemina, San Secondo di Pinerolo, Scalenghe''.

{{NexInt}}
* [[Pedemontium]] (''regionem''),
* [[Urbs metropolitana Taurinensis|Urbem metropolitanam Taurinensem]]
* [[Provincia Taurinensis|Provinciam Taurinensem]] (''provinciam abrogatam''),
* [[Augusta Taurinorum|Augustam Taurinorum]] (''urbem''),
* [[Urbes Italiae]].

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110719055946/http://www.comune.pinerolo.to.it/ Situs publicus]
{{CommuniaCat|Pinerolo|Pinarolium}}

== Pinacotheca ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Imago:Map - IT - Torino - Municipality code 1191.svg|Collocatio finium municipii in Urbe metropolitana Taurinensi.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Pinarolium| ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ringe</title>
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[[Fasciculus:Buddenberg.jpg|thumb|left|Vetus villa Buddenbergensis.]]
'''Ringe'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Ringe&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/3014/NOB%20XV%20Grafschaft%20Bentheim.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''NOB XV Grafschaft Bentheim''] {{Nexus deficit|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1209 ''Rudulfus de Ringe'' (INA Steinfurt Nr. 12 S. 254) 1328 (A.) ''apud Ringhe'' (Racer, Gedenkstukken VI S. 294) 1329 ''domum dictam Herscopinch sitam in legione Righe'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Ringhe'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Ringe&quot;/&gt; seu '''Righe'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Ringe&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ringe''; quod [[Latine]] &quot;[[circulus|circulum]]&quot; sonat) est [[commune]] [[Germania|Germanicum]] in [[Saxonia Inferior]]e circa 2000 incolarum apud [[limes|limitem]] inter Germaniam et [[Nederlandia]]m. Hoc commune pertinet ad commune generale [[Emmelkampus (commune generale)|Emmelkampum]]. Ad Ringe vici [[Novus Campus Gratiae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Neu&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Neu?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum adiectivum aut praefixum ''Neu(-)'' Latino adiectivo &quot;novus-a-um&quot;] vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Gnade&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Gnade?wb=gross&amp;nr=1 Theodiscum interfixum ''-gnaden(-)'' Latino substantivo casu genetivo &quot;gratiae&quot;] vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Feld&quot;&gt;[https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Feld?wb=gross&amp;nr=2 Theodiscum suffixum ''-feld'' Latino substantivo &quot;campus-i&quot;] vertitur.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Neugnadenfeld''), [[Ringe Maius]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ringe&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;&gt;De interpretatione toponymica adiectivorum et praefixorum Germanicorum &quot;Klein(-)&quot; et &quot;Groß(-)&quot; per Latina &quot;Minor-us&quot; et &quot;Maior-ius&quot;, vide: Casemir, K., Ohainski, U., &amp; Udolph, J. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil VII)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Großringe'') atque [[Ringe Minus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ringe&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KleinGrosse&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Kleinringe'') pertinent.

== Historia ==
Anno [[1329]] Ringe primo in actis descriptum est: &quot;''… sitam in legione Righe in parrochia Emnynchem''&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ringe&quot;/&gt;. Anno [[1456]] duo vici [[Ringe Maius]] et [[Ringe Minus]] erant. Fuerunt pars Comitatus Binethensis. Quae loca ab anno [[1815]] ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuerunt. Anno [[1885]] Circulus in Comitatu Binethensi conditus est, ad quem vici [[Ringe Maius]] et [[Ringe Minus]] pertinuerunt. Ab anno [[1946]] Circulus Binethensis pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Numerus incolarum tum multis hominibus auctus est, qui e Germania Orientali fugati erant. Quo tempore et colonia [[Novus Campus Gratiae]] condita est, ubi multi sodales [[Unitas Fratrum|Unitatis Fratrum]], qui e patria in Germania occidentali amiserant, novam patriam invenerunt. [[Novus Campus Gratiae]] tum pars [[Ringe Maius|Ringis Maioris]] fuit. Anno [[1974]] [[Ringe Maius]] cum [[Novus Campus Gratiae|Novo Campo Gratiae]] atque [[Ringe Minus]] in novum commune Ringe coniuncta sunt&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160327181346/http://emlichheim.de/staticsite/staticsite.php?menuid=437&amp;topmenu=4 Pagina communis generalis Emmelkampi de communi Ringe]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externus ==
{{commonscat}}
* [http://www.emlichheim.de/ Pagina officialis communis generalis Emmelkampi]

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Regnum (taxinomia)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>41819</id>
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[[Fasciculus:Categoriae taxonomicae la.png|thumb|upright=0.5|Categoriae taxinomicae]]
'''Regnum''' est categoria [[Taxinomia|taxinomica]] [[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeana]] quae sub [[Regio (taxinomia)|regione]] et super [[Phylum (taxinomia)|phylum]] ordinatur.

== Historia ==
[[Carolus Linnaeus]] anno [[1735]] [[biota]] divisit in sola duo regna ([[Animalia]] et [[Vegetabilia]]), et totam [[Tellus|Tellurem]] in tria regna ([[Animalia]], [[Vegetabilia]], et [[Mineralia]]). Hodie sex regna biologica agnoscuntur: [[Animalia]], [[Archaea]], [[Bacteria]], [[Fungi]], [[Plantae]], et [[Protista]].
{{Formula:Taxinomia}}

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
* ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20191216164849/https://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants]'' (2018)
* ''[https://www.iczn.org/the-code/the-international-code-of-zoological-nomenclature/the-code-online/ International Code of Zoological Nomenclature]'' (1999/2012)

{{Gradus taxinomici}}

[[Categoria:Regna (taxinomia Linnaeana)|!]]

{{Myrias|Biologia}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Regio (taxinomia)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>41821</id>
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      <text bytes="1171" sha1="c2hwt11tg4ceev1lmcuuvshedrctyrk" xml:space="preserve">{{Videhom|Regio}}
[[Fasciculus:Categoriae taxonomicae la.png|thumb|upright=0.5|Categoriae taxinomicae]]
'''Regio'''&lt;ref&gt;Woese, Kandler, et Wheelis 1990, p. 4578: &quot;The name we propose for this new and highest taxon is 'domain' (whose Latin counterpart we take to be ''regio'').&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; (rarius '''imperium''' vel '''dominium''') est categoria [[Taxinomia|taxinomica]] quae super [[Regnum (taxinomia)|regnum]] ordinatur.

==Notae==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
* Woese, Carl R., Otto Kandler, et Mark L. Wheelis. 1990. [https://web.archive.org/web/20171107200402/http://www.pnas.org/content/87/12/4576.full.pdf &quot;Towards a natural system of organisms: Proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya&quot;].  {{PNAS}} 87: pp. 4576-4579.

== Nexus externi ==
* ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20191216164849/https://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants]'' (2018)
* ''[https://www.iczn.org/the-code/the-international-code-of-zoological-nomenclature/the-code-online/ International Code of Zoological Nomenclature]'' (1999/2012)

{{Gradus taxinomici}}

[[Categoria:Taxinomia Linnaeana|ß]]

{{Myrias|Biologia}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus (consul 54 a.C.n.)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <comment>/* Ante civile bellum */</comment>
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[[Fasciculus:Domizi Aenobarbi.jpg|thumb|500px|Stemma  Domitiorum qui Neronis imperatoris maiores fuere.]]
'''Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus''' (mortuus [[48 a.C.n.]]) in re publica [[Roma antiqua|Romana antiqua]] unus ex [[Optimates|optimatium factionis]] ducibus et [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Caesaris]] acerrimus inimicus  fuit.

== De familia ==
E nobilissima gente Domitiorum ortus, qui inter patricios adlecti erant, Lucius Domitius filius [[Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus (consul 96 a.C.n.)|Gnaei Domitii Ahenobarbi]], [[Index consulum rei publicae|consulis]] anni [[96 a.C.n.]] fuit ac nepos consulis [[Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus|eiusdem nominis]] anni [[122 a.C.n.]] qui [[Narbo]]nem [[colonia]]m deduxit ac [[Via Domitia|Viam Domitiam]] munivit, pater autem [[Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus (consul 32 a.C.n.)|Gnaei Domitii Ahenobarbi]] [[consul]]is anni [[32 a.C.n.]] et avus [[Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus|Lucii Domitii Ahenobarbi]] consulis anni [[16 a.C.n.]], qui et ipse avus imperatoris [[Nero]]nis fuit. Cognomen vero Ahenobarbum ideo acceperunt, quod plerique eorum rutila barba fuerant. Lucius Porciam, [[Marcus Cato Uticensis|Marci Catonis iunioris]] sororem, uxorem duxit.

== Ante civile bellum ==
Cursum honorum sic percurrit : anno [[66 a.C.n.]] [[Quaestor|quaestor]] [[Tribunus plebis|tribuno plebis]] Manilio fortiter restitit&lt;ref&gt;[[Quintus Asconius Pedianus|Asconius]], ''Ad Milonianam''&lt;/ref&gt;, anno [[61 a.C.n.]] [[aedilis]] curulis ludos magnificos magno sumptu edidit. [[Praetor]] anno [[58 a.C.n.]]&lt;ref&gt;''[[Epistulae ad Quintum fratrem|Ad Quintum fratrem]]'' I.2.16&lt;/ref&gt; de actis [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Caesaris]], qui [[consul]] [[59 a.C.n.|anno priore]] fuerat, in senatu rettulit, ne rata essent : nam Caesarem in ius vocare volebat quod multa in  consulatu suo adversus leges et auspicia  fecisset. Caesar vero, qui lege [[Publius Vatinius|Vatinia]] iam [[proconsul]] [[Gallia]]rum erat, in provinciam evasit ac per [[Tribunus plebis|tribunos plebis]] obtinuit ne reus fieret cum rei publicae causa absens esset. Ab initio enim Domitius inimicus acerrimus [[Triumviratus|triumvirorum]] fuerat qui potentiam optimatium minuerant ac sibi et fautoribus suis omnes honores in re publica rapiebant.

Consulatum anni [[55 a.C.n.]] petiit ac [[proconsul]]are imperium Caesaris in [[Gallia]] se abrogaturum, cum consul factus esset, pollicitus est. Itaque triumviri summa contentione ei obstiterunt ac vim adversus eum et [[Marcus Cato Uticensis|Catonem]] aperte in Foro adhibuerunt. Ipso die comitiorum ex insidiis servus qui Domitium comitabatur a sicariis quibusdam trucidatus est ita ut terrore a petitione desisteret&lt;ref&gt;[[Dio Cassius]] 39.31. [[Plutarchus]], ''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Pompeius]]'' 52 et ''Crassus'' 15 et ''Cato minor'' 41.&lt;/ref&gt;. Sic  mense Ianuario (nam comitia prius haberi ob seditiones non potuerant) [[Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus|Pompeius]] et [[Marcus Licinius Crassus (triumvir)|Crassus]] consules iterum facti sunt. Quibus consulibus Caesaris imperium in quiquennium lege prorogatum est.

Anno [[54 a.C.n.]] tandem Domitius cum [[Appius Claudius Pulcher (consul 54 a.C.n.)|Appio Claudio]] [[consul]] factus est : [[Triumviratus|triumviri]] autem iam tuti erant cum pronconsulare imperium per quinque annos sibi parassent. Nihilominus Domitio magnam invidiam effecerunt : nam, cum post consulatum provinciam triumviris invitis impetrare non posset, pactionem iniit Lucius Domitius cum collega ac duobus ex candidatis, qui consulatum anni [[53 a.C.n.]] petebant, [[Gnaeus Domitius Calvinus|Gnaeo Domitio Calvino]] et [[Gaius Memmius|Gaio Memmio]]. Quibus promisit se consulatum delaturum, si duos testes consulares praestitissent, qui iurarent  ornationi provinciarum consularium   adfuisse. Nec multo post  Gaius Memmius pactionem palam in senatu denuntiavit : unde maximum flagitium nec comitia ante finem anni haberi potuerunt. [[Interrex|Interregnum]] prima parte anni 53 fuit.

Postea tamen, cum invidia ac diffidentia inter Pompeium et Caesarem ortae essent, cum [[Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus|Pompeio]] in gratiam rediit ac Pompeianis partibus studuit. Anno [[52 a.C.n.]] ex lege Pompeia de iudiciis suffragio populi quaesitor factus est in iudicio [[Titus Annius Milo|Milonis]], id est iudicibus praepositus est qui de caede [[Publius Clodius Pulcher|Clodii]] cognoscebant.

[[Pontifex]] quoque, incertum quo anno, factus est&lt;ref&gt;Ab anno fere 50 a.C.n. secundum ''[[Der kleine Pauly]]'' sed fonte non citato&lt;/ref&gt; ; post L. Domitii mortem [[Augustus (imperator)|C. Octavius]] (imperator futurus) eius locum in [[Collegium Pontificum|Collegio]] adsumpsit&lt;ref&gt;[[Nicolaus Damascenus]], ''[[Vita Augusti (Nicolaus)|Vita Augusti]]'' ({{FGrH}} 90 F 127)&lt;/ref&gt;. Tertio libro [[De bello civili|de bello civili]]&lt;ref&gt;Cap. 83.&lt;/ref&gt; Caesar, qui Domitium oderat, eum in castris Pompeianis ante [[Proelium Pharsalicum|Pharsaliam pugnam]] cum [[Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio Nasica|Scipione]] et [[Publius Cornelius Lentulus Spinther|Lentulo Spinthere]] de pontificatu maximo acerbe disceptantem inducit, tamquam iam victo mortuoque duce hostium.

== In civili bello ==
Anno [[49 a.C.n.]] mense Ianuario a Pompeio et senatoribus qui ei favebant Lucius Domitius designatus est, qui Caesari in [[proconsul]]atu [[Gallia]]rum succederet. Iter vero cum in provinciam faceret, a Caesare praeventus est qui cum exercitu [[Rubico]]nem transiit. Tum mense Februario Domitius in [[Paeligni|Paelignorum]] oppidum [[Corfinium]] cum viginti cohortibus sese recepit, ita ut Caesari iter clauderet. Sperabat enim [[Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus|Pompeium]] cito cum exercitu auxilio fore. At [[Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus|Pompeius]] Italiam adversus Caesarianas legiones defendi  posse non existimavit et Brundisium petiit unde in Graeciam transiret. Itaque litteras Domitio misit, ut quam celerrime cum copiis ad se veniret. Serius autem iam erat : nam Domitius Corfinii obsidebatur. Itaque, desperata re, postquam vitam veneno finire frustra temptavit&lt;ref&gt;[[Plinius Maior]] VII.54.&lt;/ref&gt; (nam medicus somniferam tantum potionem ei roganti tradiderat&lt;ref&gt; [[Plutarchus]], ''Caesar'' 34&lt;/ref&gt;), ad deditionem coactus est. At Caesar magnanimus inimicum suum quo ire vellet dimisit.

Nihilo minus postea odio Caesaris incensus [[Massilia]]m venit ut praesidio et classi illius urbis praeesset, dum incolae per quattuor menses obsidionem Caesarianorum sustinent. Cum Massilienses ad deditionem mense septembri adducti sunt, tempestatem opportunam nactus cum tribus navibus custodiam classis [[Decimus Iunius Brutus Albinus|Decimi Iuni Bruti]] fefellit. Tum in [[Epirus|Epirum]] apud [[Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus|Pompeium]] refugit.

Proelio apud [[Pharsalus|Pharsalum]] in [[Thessalia]], die 9 Augusti [[48 a.C.n.]], sinistro cornu [[Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus|Pompeianae]] aciei praefuit&lt;ref&gt;[[Plutarchus]], ''Pompeius'' 69.&lt;/ref&gt; et victus in montes refugit ubi postero die tandem a Caesaris equitibus necatus est.

== Fontes ==
* [[Appianus Alexandrinus|Appianus]], libro secundo ''Bellorum civilium'' 17, 38, 82.
*[[Asconius]], ''Argumentum in [[Pro Milone]]'', 23.
* [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Caesar]], libro primo ''[[De bello civili|de Bello civili]]'', capitulis 6,15-21,34,36,56-57 necnon libro secundo capitulis 3,18,22,28,32 et libro tertio capitulis 83,99.
*[[Cicero]], [[Pro Milone]], 22.
** libro octavo ''[[Epistulae ad Atticum|Epistularum ad Atticum]]'' passim (hoc libro litterae a [[Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus|Pompeio]] ad Domitium Corfinium missae continentur), necnon libro quarto epistula 17 et  septimo ep.27 et libro nono epistulis 1,3,6.
**''[[Brutus (Cicero)|Brutus]]'', 267.
*[[Dio Cassius]] libro XXXIX ''[[Historia Romana (Dio)|Historiae Romanae]]'' cap. 31, 60, 64 necnon libro XLI, 10-11, 21, 25.
*[[Lucanus]] libro secundo ''[[Pharsalia]]e'' versibus 478-525 necnon libro septimo 219-220 et 599-616.
*[[Plutarchus]], ''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Pompeius]]'' 52, 67, 69.
**''Crassus'' 15
** ''Cato minor'' 41.
**''[[Vita Iulii Caesaris (Plutarchus)|Caesar]]'' 34
**''[[Vita Ciceronis (Plutarchus)|Cicero]]'' 38
*[[Suetonius]], [[De vita Caesarum]] in ''Vita Divi Iuli'',  23,24,34.
** in ''Vita Neronis'', 2.
*[[Velleius Paterculus]], libro secundo ''[[Historiae (Velleius)|Historiae Romanae]]'', capitulo 50.

== Notae ==
&lt;div class=&quot;references-small&quot;&gt;&lt;references /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Fabritius Galtier, &quot;La trajectoire de Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus chez Lucain&quot;, ''Interférences'' 2009(5) [http://interferences.revues.org/901 Hic legere potes]
* &quot;[http://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/moa/ACL3129.0001.001/100?rgn=full+text;view=image Ahenobarbus (7), Lucius Domitius]&quot; in {{Smith-bio}} vol. 1 p. 85
* &quot;Domitius. I. 12&quot; in {{KP}}
*[https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/RE:Domitius_27 Domitius 27] apud [[Paulys Real-Enzyklopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft|Pauly]]

{{Index consulum rei publicae|
praedecessores= [[Marcus Licinius Crassus (triumvir)|Marcus Licinius Crassus]] II et [[Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus]] II|
annus= 54 a.C.n.&lt;br /&gt;cum&lt;br /&gt;[[Appius Claudius Pulcher (consul 54 a.C.n.)|Appio Claudio Pulchro]]|
successores=[[Marcus Valerius Messalla Rufus]] et [[Gnaeus Domitius Calvinus]] }} 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Domitius Ahenobarbus, Lucius}}
[[Categoria:Gens Domitia|Ahenobarbus, Lucius]]
[[Categoria:Consules]]
[[Categoria:Sacerdotes Romani antiqui]]
[[Categoria:Mortui 48 a.C.n.]]
[[Categoria:Nati 98 a.C.n.]]
[[Categoria:Victimae Belli Civilis (49-45 a.C.n.)]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Monitrum</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="2327" sha1="eggcar2uhvqn1i5ssvlck1d8msr73y2" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:LG L194WT-SF LCD monitor.jpg|thumb|upright=1|Monitorium in amplitudine [[uncia]]rum 19.]]
'''Monitrum'''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal
	| author = [[Leo Latinus]]
	| date = 17 Augusti [[2015]]
	| url = http://ephemeris.alcuinus.net/leonina/EL%2085.pdf
	| journal = Epistulae Leoninae
	| title = Epistula LXXXVI
	| page = 12
	| access-date = 25 Martii 2023
}}&lt;/ref&gt; vel '''monitorium'''&lt;ref&gt;John C. Traupman, ''The New College Latin and English Dictionary,'' ed. tertia (Novi Eboraci: Bantam Books, 2007), 597, s.v. ''monitor.''&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Sed in Latino est etiam ''monitorius'', ''-a'', ''-um''; vide [[Lucius Annaeus Seneca minor|Seneca]], [[Naturales quaestiones (Seneca)|Naturales quaestiones]], {{vf|Quaestiones Naturales/Liber II|II, 39, 2; 39, 4; 49, 1}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Etiam ''instrumentum visificum'': &quot;tv monitor (tv, computer) / Monitor: monitorium* [Latinitas] -- Sichtgerät: instrumentum visificum [Vox Lat.] (Helf.)&quot; in Davidis Morgan [https://web.archive.org/web/20191211174328/http://www.josephsusanka.com/silva &quot;&lt;small&gt;SILVA:&lt;/small&gt; id est, collatio vocabulorum e variis locis (haud necessario probandorum vel adhibendorum)&quot;] (2014). {{ling|Anglice|Latine}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Conradi Kokoszkiewicz [https://web.archive.org/web/20100921212003/http://www.obta.uw.edu.pl/~draco/docs/voccomp.html &quot;Vocabula computatralia.&quot;] {{ling|Anglice|Latine}}.&lt;/ref&gt; vel '''album computatri'''&lt;ref&gt;Ebbe Vilborg, ''Norstedts svensk-latinska ordbok,'' editio secunda (2009).&lt;/ref&gt; est [[machina]] electronica ad [[imago|imagines]] [[computatrum|computatrales]] in conspectum proferendas designata. Inter [[periphericum|peripherica]] computatralia numeratur, quibus facultates computatrales augentur. 

In parte monitri anteriori est [[quadrum]] visificum quo imagines videri possunt. Duo genera quadrorum [[lumen]] emittentium sunt: [[tubus radii cathodici|tubus cathodicus]] et quadrum [[crystallum liquidum|crystallis liquidis]].&lt;ref&gt;Primo quadra crystallina lumen modo reflexerunt, quam ob rem ad tenebrosas lucubrationes minus apta fuerunt.&lt;/ref&gt; 

{{NexInt}}
*[[Claviatura]]
*[[Discus fixus]]
*[[GUI]]
*[[Mus (computatralis)|Mus]]
*[[Ostentus crystallorum liquidorum]]
*[[Quadrum tactile]]

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Computer monitors|monitoria}}

[[Categoria:Informatica]]

{{Myrias|Technologia}}</text>
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    <title>Memum</title>
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      <text bytes="9764" sha1="4hjb1n2fojl084s7k4xhdm5r7yrgni4" xml:space="preserve">'''Memum'''&lt;ref&gt;Vide e.g. situm [https://interretialia.tumblr.com/ Mema Interretialia].&lt;/ref&gt; (Anglice ''meme'') est quidquid per variorum [[mores|morum]] et consuetudinum aliorumque exemplorum imitationem multiplicatur atque inter homines communicatur. Saepe cum '''[[idea]]''' comparatur; re vera, quam ob rem duobus opus sit [[Terminus technicus|terminis]] idem fere valentibus, nonnumquam quaeritur. At cum in ideis (opinionibus, existimationibus, religionibus, doctrinis, cett.) de rebus significativis agatur, memi proprium est per [[selectio naturalis|selectionem]] et successionem superstitare et sua sponte mutari. Mema enim sunt aemulae [[informatio]]nis particulae, quae sibi ipsis consulentes certatim se multiplicare suumque locum&lt;ref&gt;De &quot;loco&quot; ambigitur, quem memum quodque tenere contendat. Namque alii hunc locum putant in cerebro esse, alii autem in animo vel [[mens|mente]], alii denique in [[conscientia]] quadam collectiva. Hae quaestiones ad philosophiam scientiae pertinentes, quippe quae difficillimae sint, in hac symbola non resolventur.&lt;/ref&gt; tenere contendunt. Constat memum ad vocabulum q.e. ''[[genum]]'' fictum esse. Ideo aliquando &quot;genum culturale&quot; appellari solet.

Studium memorum ''memetica'' appellatur.   

== De origine ==
Anno [[1976]], [[Ricardus Dawkins]], biologus Britannicus, librum ''The Selfish Gene'' ('De geno sibi consulenti') inscriptum edidit. Quo opere omnes animantes arguit genis sibi ipsis consulentibus inservire: Genum enim organismum construere, quo velut superstitandi machina&lt;ref&gt;Dawkins: ''survival machine''.&lt;/ref&gt; usum se multiplicet. Quo in opere etiam sui multiplicatorem alterius generis proposuit, qui per successiones non biologicas (ut genum) sed sociales se [[multiplicatio|multiplicando]] superstitet. Hunc multiplicatorem dixit per imitationem vel mimesin communicari ac propagari. Itaque Dawkins in animo habebat vocabuli [[Lingua Graeca antiqua|Graeci]] q.e. {{Polytonic|μίμημα}} 'imitamentum, simulamen' formam Anglice ''mimeme'' redditam, cui quidem primam syllabam abscidit, ut vocem cum vocabulo q.e.''gene'' 'genum' melius concinentem fingeret. Nempe eadem ratione etiam ''memum'' ad ''genum'' fictum est.&lt;ref&gt;Laurent (1999) rationem, qua Dawkins se suum terminum technicum finxisse dixit, repudians aliam [[etymologia]]m proposuit: ''meme'' Anglicum a nomine Graeco ''mnēmē'' esse. Dawkins postea de hac re interrogatus se dixit nihil de ''mneme'' cogitasse. Quod cum ita sit, quin auctoritatem suae inventionis ipsi auctori concedamus?&lt;/ref&gt;

{{NexInt}}
*[[Aestimatio sui]]
*''[[Know Your Meme]]''
*[[Memum interretiale]]
*[[Mimesis]]
*[[Sociobiologia]]
*[[Symbiosismus]]

== Notae ==
&lt;div class=&quot;references-small&quot;&gt;&lt;references/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
*Blackmore, Susan. [[2001]]. Evolution and Memes. The human brain as a selective imitation device. ''Cybernetics and Systems'' 32:1, 225-255. [http://www.susanblackmore.co.uk/Articles/cas01.htmlExemplar interretiale.]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
*Brodie, Richard. [[1995]]. ''Virus of the Mind: The New Science of the Meme.'' Integral Press. ISBN 0963600117.
*Dawkins, Richard. [[1976]], [[2006]]. ''The Selfish Gene.'' Editio anniversarii tricensimi. Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. [http://www.rubinghscience.org/memetics/dawkinsmemes.html Exemplar interretiale capituli 11 (&quot;Memes: the new replicators&quot;)]
*Laurent, John. [[1999]]. A note on the origin of ''memes/mnemes''. ''Journal of Memetics'' 3 (1). 
&lt;!--

# [[Inayat Khan|Khan, Pir Hazrat Inayat]]: ''The Music of Life'', Omega Uniform Edition, 2nd edition, 1993, trade paperback: 353 pages, ISBN 0-930872-38-X. An introduction to the ''muwakkals'' (Eastern memes).
# [[Daniel Dennett|Dennett, Daniel]]: ''[[Consciousness Explained]]'', Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1991. ISBN 0-316-18065-3
# [[Daniel Dennett|Dennett, Daniel]]: ''[[Darwin's Dangerous Idea|Darwin's Dangerous Idea: Evolution and the Meanings of Life]]'', 1995
# [[Howard Bloom|Bloom, Howard]]: ''The Lucifer Principle: A Scientific Expedition into the Forces of History''. Atlantic Monthly Press, February 1997, 480 pages, ISBN 0-87113-664-3
# [[Susan Blackmore|Blackmore, Susan]]: ''The Meme Machine''. [http://www.oup.co.uk/ Oxford University Press], 1999, hardcover ISBN 0198503652, trade paperback ISBN 0-9658817-8-4, May 2000, ISBN 0-19-286212-X
# Fog, Agner: ''[http://www.agner.org/cultsel/ Cultural Selection]''. Dordrecht: Kluwer 1999. ISBN 0-7923-5579-2.
# [[Aaron Lynch|Lynch, Aaron]]: ''Thought Contagion: How Belief Spreads Through Society''. Basic Books, 1999, ISBN 0-465-08467-2
## Review: [http://zompist.com/memes.html &quot;The new pseudo-science of memes&quot;]
# [[Neal Stephenson|Stephenson, Neal]]: ''[[Snow Crash]]''. Bantam Doubleday Dell, reprint, 2000, trade paperback: 440 pages, ISBN 0-553-38095-8 (science-fiction novel about a metavirus engineered to activate as a meme in the brain, spreading through a number of vectors such as actual physical viruses, images, and others)
# [[Tim Flannery|Flannery, Tim]]: &quot;Eyes at the back of your head: How Richard Semon's memes gave way to Richard Dawkins's memes&quot;. ''Times Literary Supplement'', [[October 19]], [[2001]]
# [[Robert Aunger|Aunger, Robert]]: ''The Electric Meme: A New Theory of How We Think''. Free Press, 2002, hardcover ISBN 0-7432-0150-7
# [[Robert Aunger|Aunger, Robert]]: ''Darwinizing culture: the status of memetics as a science''. Oxford University Press, 2000, New-York ISBN 0-19-263244-2
# [[Keith Henson|Henson, H. Keith]]: &quot;Sex, Drugs, and Cults. An evolutionary psychology perspective on why and how cult memes get a drug-like hold on people, and what might be done to mitigate the effects&quot;, ''The Human Nature Review '' 2002 Volume 2: 343-355 [http://human-nature.com/nibbs/02/cults.html]
# H. [[Keith Henson]]: [http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2006/4/17/194059/296 &quot;Evolutionary Psychology, Memes and the Origin of War.&quot;]
# Lanier, Jaron: &quot;[http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/Annotations/DEFAULT.14.html The Ideology of Cybernetic Totalist Intellectuals]&quot;, an essay which criticises &quot;meme totalists&quot; who assert memes over bodies.
# ''[[Principia Cybernetica]]'' holds a [http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/MEMLEX.html lexicon of memetics concepts], comprising a list of different types of memes.
# A list of [http://users.lycaeum.org/~sputnik/Memetics/ memetics publications on the web]
# [[Steven Ericsson-Zenith|Ericsson-Zenith, Steven]]: ''[http://www.what-it-all-means.com Memeiosis]'' , a formal characterization of memes.
# [[Hokky Situngkir|Situngkir, Hokky]]: ''[http://cogprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/archive/00003471/ Culture as Complex Adaptive System]'', formal interplays between memetics and cultural analysis.
# Chielens, Klaas: ''[http://memetics.chielens.net/master/index.html The Viral Aspects of Language: A Quantitative Research of Memetic Selection Criteria]''
# Distin, Kate: ''[http://www.theselfishmeme.co.uk The Selfish Meme: A Critical Reassessment]''. Cambridge University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-521-60627-6
# [[Victor Hugo|Hugo, Victor]]: ''Notre Dame de Paris'' (translated into English as ''[[The Hunchback of Notre Dame]]''), 1831
# [[Daniel Dennett|Dennett, Daniel]]: ''[[Breaking the Spell: Religion as a Natural Phenomenon]]'' , 2006
# [[William Gibson|Gibson, William]]: ''[[Pattern Recognition (novel)|''Pattern Recognition'']]'', page 95, &quot;Word-of-mouth meme thing. We don't really know what it does, yet.&quot;, 2003.--&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
* [http://www.aeiveos.com/~bradbury/Authors/Engineering/Henson-HK/MMaP.html Memes, Meta-Memes and Politics], Keith Henson, 1988
* [http://www.operatingthetan.com/1990-memes.txt Memes, Evolution, and Creationism], Keith Henson &amp; Arel Lucas, 1989
* [http://nextmodernitylibrary.blogspirit.com/archive/2006/07/18/la-theorie-des-memes-pourquoi-nous-nous-imitons-les-uns-les.html The Meme Machine], Susan Blackmore de memis interrogata.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190614054635/https://themockingmemes.com/ The Mocking Memes: A Basis for Automated Intelligence], a 2006 book on a memetic theory of mind.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061025214924/http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/jbalkin/cs.htm Cultural Software: A Theory of Ideology] by [[Jack Balkin]] which uses memes to explain the growth and spread of ideology.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150924092204/http://www.roumazeilles.net/news/nw/news0056.php Why did the chicken cross the road? The story of a meme]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060426030226/http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/2.10/godwin.if_pr.html A short piece] by [[Mike Godwin]] on memes in [[Wired Magazine]].
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150308102426/http://complexsystems.org/commentaries/jul01.html The Invasion of the Memes] ─ memes as an useful metaphor, nothing more.
* [http://www.def-logic.com/articles/what_is_a_meme.html What is a Meme?] by Brent Silby ─ an introductory article pitched at a general audience.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110806074909/http://www.intentblog.com/archives/2005/09/memes_part_2_a.html A discussion of memes] by [[Deepak Chopra]]
* [http://www.memes.org Memes.org] ─ situs memeticus aliquam garrulus.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060428181520/http://www.abc.net.au/rn/science/ss/stories/s1617982.htm Contio a Richardo Dawkins de libro tricenario anno 2006 habita]
* [http://www.def-logic.com/articles/evolution_of_technology.html The Evolution of Technology] by Brent Silby ─ memetics used to explain human creativity.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080515223134/http://www.ted.com/index.php/talks/view/id/116 Dan Dennett de memis narrat]: Video (mense Februario 2002).

[[Categoria:Futurologia]]
[[Categoria:Historia]]
[[Categoria:Intellegentia]]
[[Categoria:Mema interretialia|!]]
[[Categoria:Philosophia mentis]]</text>
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{{capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}
'''Rioiia'''&lt;ref&gt;[[Forum (lex)|Forum]] anni 1099, vide [[:es:La Rioja (España)|paginam Hispanicam]]&lt;/ref&gt; vel '''Rivogia'''&lt;ref&gt;{{lexfons}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Fortasse et &quot;Rioxa&quot;, cf.  ''[http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androsace_rioxana Androsace rioxana]''&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Hispanice]] ''La Rioja'') sive '''Communitas Autonoma Rivogiae''' est [[provincia]] atque [[communitas autonoma|Communitas Autonoma]] [[Hispania]]e Septemtrionalis, ad ripas [[Hiberus|Hiberi]] sita. [[Caput (urbs)|Caput]] est [[Lucronium]], urbs cum circiter 150 000 incolarum et Septemtrionalis Hispaniae capitis characteribus. Inter alia ponderis [[municipium|municipia]] [[Calagurris]], [[Castrum Bilibium]], [[Graccurris]], [[Naiera]], [[Sanctus Dominicus Calceatae]] et [[Arenetum]] sunt. Rioiia internationaliter praeclara est ob [[vinum|vina]] cum [[Denominatio Originis|Denominatione Originis]] quae etiam per [[Alava]]e Meridiem et [[Navarra]]e Austroccidentem extenditur.

Rivogia Septemtrione [[Vasconia]]e ([[provincia]]e [[Alava]]e), Boreoriente [[Navarra]]e, Austroriente [[Aragonia]]e ([[provincia]]e [[Caesaraugusta (provincia)|Caesarugustae]]) et Occidente Meridieque [[Castella et Legio|Castellae et Legioni]] ([[provincia|provinciis]] [[Burgi (provincia)|Burgis]] [[Soria (provincia)|Soriaeque]]) finitima est.

Rivogiae patrona Virgo Vallis Venariae ([[Hispanice]] ''Virgen de la Valvanera'') est, cuius sanctuarium in [[mons Hibericus|montibus Hibericis]] est. Etiam ponderis monasterium [[Sanctus Aemilianus Cocullae]] ([[Hispanice]] ''San Millán de la Cogolla'') est, ubi inveniuntur antiquissima scripta et [[linguae Romanicae|Romanice]] et [[lingua Vasconica|Vasconice]] servata.

== Toponymum ==
[[Toponymia|Toponymi]] &quot;Rioiiae&quot; vel &quot;Rivogiae&quot; [[etymologia]] difficilis est. Quamobrem variae [[thesis|theses]] proponuntur:

* Quarum una, theoria [[Vasco-Hiberismus|Vasco-Hiberica]], vocis originem [[lingua Vasconica|Vasconicam]] ''errioxa'' esse aestimat. Sic, [[Matthaeus Anguiano Nieva]] toponymum derivare facit e ''herri'', 'terram' significante, et ''ogi'', quod 'panis' esset, ergo nomen 'panis terram' significaret. Attamen, [[saeculum 11|saeculorum undecimi]] et [[saeculum 12|duodecimi]] documentatio hanc possibilitatem{{dubsig}} reicit.

* Ex altera parte, [[Iosephus Ioannes Bautista Merino Urrutia]], historicus et [[Oggacastrum|Oggacastri]] ([[Hispanice]] ''Ojacastro'') [[demarchus]] inter annos [[1912]] et [[1913]], nomen Rivogiam fluminis [[Ogga]]e ([[Hispanice]] ''Oja'') mentionem facere et [[lingua Vasconica|Vasconicam]] radicem ''oia'' (Moderna Vasconica ''oihan''), scilicet [[silva]]m, considerat. Itaque si conscii sumus ut [[praefixum]] Rivogiae e [[lingua Latina|Latino]] &quot;rivus&quot; ortum esse posset, quod ad multa [[folium|folia]] alluderet quae hic [[autumnus|autumno]] traheret, velut eveniret cum [[Iturissa]] ([[Hispanice]] et [[Vasconice]] ''Tolosa''), [[Lodosa]] aut [[Tolosa]], referentibus ad [[lutum]] flumine tractum.

* In [[Miranda Hiberica|Mirandae Hibericae]] ([[Hispanice]] ''Miranda de Ebro'') [[Forum (lex)|Foro]] anni [[1099]], invenitur prima referentia ad Rivogiam velut &quot;Rioiia&quot;, postea velut &quot;Riuum de Oiha&quot; et &quot;Rivo de Oia&quot; in [[chartularium|chartulario]] [[Sanctus Dominicus Calceatae|Sancti Dominici Calceatae]] ([[Hispanice]] ''Santo Domingo de la Calzada'') anni [[1150]] apparentem. Quamobrem aliqui investigatores [[toponymum]] e flumine [[Ogga]] ([[Hispanice]] ''Oja'') derivare considerant. Nihilominus haec thesis quandam debilitatem ostendit, considerato originali huius fluminis nomine, ''Glera'' sive ''Illera'', adhuc in usu. Melius videtur primi termini documentati &quot;Rioiia&quot; adaequatio ad [[lingua Hispanica|linguam Hispanicam]] tempore cum de hac regione certabatur cum [[Regnum Navarrae|Regno Navarrae]].

* In praesenti [[lingua Vasconica|Vasconicus]] terminus ''Errioxa'' [[neologismus]] esset, e moderna graphia ''Rioxa'', cui additur E propter Vasconicam [[phonetica]]e abominationem R in vocabuli principio. Etiam et conectendo cum theoria Vasconicam toponymi originem defendente, esset mera adaptio ad praesentes linguae Vasconicae unificatae normas e praeterita denominatione ''Herri Oia'', ''Errioxa'' facta, sed documentatione non firmatur, modo analogo praesentis ''Erribera'' in [[Navarra]], ex ''herri'', &quot;populum&quot; significante, et ''bera'', &quot;inferiorem&quot;.

Utcumque nulla theoria concludens propter [[documentum historicum|documentorum historicorum]] inopiam considerari potest.

== Historia ==
[[Fasciculus:Vareia-detailed-view.jpg|thumb|[[Roma antiqua|Romana]] reliquia [[Vareia]]e ([[Hispanice]] ''Varea'') sita.]]
Usque ad [[Roma antiqua|Romanorum]] adventum [[saeculum 2 a.C.n.|saeculo secundo a.C.n.]], Rioxa a tribus tribubus occupata est quae sunt: [[Berones]], qui in Valle [[Hiberus|Hiberi]] inveniebantur; [[Pellendones]], in [[mons|montanis]] zonis; et [[Vascones]] in aliquibus zonis [[Rivogia Inferior|Rivogiae Inferioris]] ([[Hispanice]] ''Rioja Baja''). Regio a [[Mauri|Musulmanis]] ineunte [[saeculum 8|saeculo octavo]] capta est.

Rivogianum territorium adversus regna [[Regnum Navarrae|Navarrae]] et [[Regnum Castellae|Castellae]] e [[saeculum 10|saeculo decimo]] conflixit. Reges [[Alphonsus VIII (rex Castellae)|Alphonsus VIII Castellae]] et [[Sanctius VI (rex Navarrae)|Sanctius VI Navarrae]], postquam indutias [[Augustus|Augusto]] [[1176]] pacti essent, regem [[Anglia]]e, [[Henricus II (rex Angliae)|Henricum II]], arbitrum admisere, cuius Arbitratio, [[Martius|Martio]] [[1177]] prolata, Navarram fere totam praesentem Rivogiam, Castellae cessam, amittere dicebat.

Invita hac separatione, vicinitas cum Navarra propitium continuam socioculturalem conexionem servare fecit.

[[30 Novembris|Pridie Kalendas Decembres]] nova [[provincia]] [[Lucronium|Lucronii]] creata est, cuius territoria usque ad hunc diem ad provincias [[Soria (provincia)|Soriae]] et [[Burgi (provincia)|Burgorum]] pertinebant, novem partes iudiciarias formantes quae erant: [[Arenetum]], [[Calagurris]], [[Castrum Bilibium]], [[Cervaria Fluminis Alhamae]], [[Graccurris]], [[Lucronium]], [[Naxara|Naxăra]], [[Sanctus Dominicus Calceatae]] et [[Turricella in Cameris]].

Quae uniprovincialis [[communitas autonoma]] facta est post [[Transitio Democratica Hispanica|Transitionem Democraticam Hispanicam]], quia denique in aliam regionem, excepta [[Castella et Legio]]ne aut etiam [[Vasconia]] vel Vasco-Navarra velut aliqui defendebant, integrari reiecit. [[Statutum Autonomiae]] die [[9 Iunii]] [[1982]] obsignatum est, et quamobrem ea die et ex eo anno celebrabitur Dies Rivogiae.

=== Fossilia dinosauriorum ===
[[Fasciculus:Enciso-dinosaur-footprint-detail.jpg|thumb|[[Theropoda|Theropodi]] [[ichnites]] sive [[fossile|fossilizatum]] vestigium prope [[Incisus|Incisum]] ([[Hispanice]] ''Enciso'') inventum.]]
Per [[Periodus Cretacea inferior|perihodon Cretacei Inferioris]], geographica [[Cameri|Camerorum]] ([[Hispanice]] ''Cameros'') zona planities inundata erat quae perihodice arifiebat, reliquendis lutulentis zonis ubi [[dinosauria|dinosauriorum]] vestigia notabantur cum eam transibant. Interiecto tempore, ea vestigia arifactae et novis [[sedimentum|sedimentis]] tectae sunt, quorum pondus inferiores laminas premebat, quod eas solidificare in [[lapis|lapide]] fecit, [[millio]]nibus annorum interiectis. [[Erosio]] superiores laminas sustulit, visibiliores has [[lapis|lapideas]] formationes faciens, quod [[ichnites|ichnitae]] sive vestigia fossilizata observari permittit. Rivogia propter harum fodinarum numerum et conservationem excellit, quod, secundum expertos, eam unum [[palaeontologia|palaeontologicorum]] territoriorum maximi ponderis in mundo facit.

== Geographia ==
[[Fasciculus:La Rioja y sus siete valles.jpg|thumb|300px|Rivogia et suae septem valles. Pictura Ernesti Reiner.&lt;br /&gt;
1. Flumen [[Hiberus]].&lt;br /&gt;
2. [[Portus Piquerarum]].&lt;br /&gt;
3. [[Conchae Fari]].&lt;br /&gt;
4. [[Systema Hibericum|Cordillera Hiberica]].&lt;br /&gt;
5. Portus Honcalae.&lt;br /&gt;
6. Iugum Cantabricum et Codense.&lt;br /&gt;
7. Valles [[Flumen Alhama (Rivogia)|Alhamae]].&lt;br /&gt;
8. Valles [[Flumen Linares|Linarium]].&lt;br /&gt;
9. Valles [[Cidaci|Cidacorum]].&lt;br /&gt;
10. Valles [[Flumen Xubera|Xuberae]].&lt;br /&gt;
11. Valles [[Flumen Leza|Lezae]].&lt;br /&gt;
12. Valles [[Iregua]]e.&lt;br /&gt;
13. Valles [[Naierella]]e.&lt;br /&gt;
14. Valles [[Oggae]].&lt;br /&gt;
15. Valles [[Flumen Tiro (Hispania)|Tironis]].&lt;br /&gt;
16. [[Lucronium]].]]
Cum [[Hiberus|flumen Hiberus]] angustum saltum inter [[Conchae Fari|Concharum Fari]] ([[Hispanice]] ''Conchas de Haro'') saxa transit, intrat in Rioxam per quam 120 [[chiliometrum|km]] fluit, antequam suum iter ad [[Mare Mediterraneum|Mediterraneum]] prosequatur. In Conchis Fari fluminis altitudo 445 [[metrum|m]] est, dum, cum Communitatem relinquit, in [[Reservatum Naturale Saltuum Hiberi]] ([[Hispanice]] ''Reserva Natural de los Sotos del Ebro'') in [[Graccurris|Graccurri]] 260 m est. [[Flumen]] igitur rapidissimum per Rivogiam fluit.

[[Hiberus]] per Communitatis Septemtrionem transcurrit. Tota dextera ripa quae Meridie habet ad Rioxam pertinet. In laeva ripa solum tria [[municipium|municipia]] sunt; [[Brinias]], [[Sanctus Vincentius Subserrae]] et [[Abeica]] ([[Hispanice]] ''Briñas, San Vicente de la Sonsierra'' et ''Ábalos'', respective), nuncupata Subserra Rivogiana ([[Hispanice]] ''Sonsierra Riojana''), quamquam [[Lucronium]], [[Egon]], [[Alcanadre]], [[Angulus Saltus]] et [[Graccurris]] ([[Hispanice]] ''Logroño, Agoncillo, Alcanadre, Rincón de Soto'' et ''Alfaro'', repective) etiam territorii municipalis partem in laeva ripa habent. Propter vicinitatem, zona [[Alava|Alăva]] inter [[Hiberus|Hiberum]] et [[Iugum Cantabricum]] ([[Hispanice]] ''Ebro'' et ''Sierra de Cantabria'', respective) [[Rivogia Alavensis]] ([[Hispanice]] ''Rioja Alavesa'' et [[Vasconice]] ''Arabako Errioxa'') comprehensa nominatur.

Fluminis Meridie, inter 60 et 40 [[chiliometrum|km]] distans, [[Systema Hibericum|Cordillera Hiberica]] parallela patet, cum altitudinibus oscillantibus inter 1000 et 2000 [[metrum|metrorum]] super [[maris aequor]]e. E [[iugum montium|iugo]] ortum est versus Septemtrionem, penitus in Rivogiam intrans, [[Iugum Demandae]] ([[Hispanice]] ''Sierra de la Demanda''), [[Mons Sanctus Laurentius (Hispania)|Montem Sanctum Laurentium]] ([[Hispanice]] ''Monte San Lorenzo'') cum eius 2 271 m maximam Rioxanam altitudinem habens.

E [[iugum montium|montibus]] septem flumina rapida versus [[Hiberus|Hiberum]] descendunt, quamobrem Rioxa &quot;Ea septem vallium&quot; nuncupatur. Nuncupantur ex Oriente in Occidentem [[Flumen Alhama (Rivogia)|Alhama]] ([[Hispanice]] ''Alhama''), [[Cidaci]] ([[Hispanice]] ''Cidacos''), [[Flumen Leza|Leza]] ([[Hispanice]] ''Leza''), [[Iregua]] ([[Hispanice]] ''Iregua''), [[Naierella]] ([[Hispanice]] ''Najerilla''), [[Ogga]] ([[Hispanice]] ''Oja''), [[Flumen Tiro (Hispania)|Tiro]] ([[Hispanice]] ''Tirón''), etsi Alhamae et Cidacorum fontes [[Soria (provincia)|Soriani]] et Naierellae-Neilae Tironisque [[Burgi (provincia)|Burgenses]] sunt. Aliquando [[flumen Linares]], Alhamae accessio, additur, congregato Tirone cum accessione Ogga.

== Civilitas et gubernatio ==
[[Fasciculus:Façade of Parliament of La Rioja in Logroño.jpg|thumb|Antiqui Coenobii Mercedis frontispicium, praesentis [[Parlamentum|Parlamenti]] Rivogiani sedes.]]
Cum [[Transitio Democratica Hispanica|Transitione Democratica Hispanica]], [[Provincia]] [[Lucronium|Lucronii]], suam identitatem velut regionem asserens, ad autogubernationis ideam progressa est, et nullum aliud futurum accepit, possibilem unionem cum [[Castella et Legio|Communitate Castella et Legione]], cum [[Navarra]], cum [[Vasconia]] aut cum [[Aragonia]] repudians. Namque, die [[4 Octobris]] [[1979]], [[buleuterium]] [[Lucronium|Lucronii]] autonomici Rioxae processus initium sollicitavit per articulum 143 [[Constitutio Hispanice (1978)|Constitutionis Hispanicae]]. [[12 Decembris|Pridie Idus Decembres]] eiusdem anni, [[municipium|municipiorum]] numerus quae se proposito haesere iam duas tertias partes Constitutione requisitas superaverat. Anno [[1980]] [[Statutum Autonomiae]] Rioiiae redigi coepit, a [[Cohortes Generales|Cohortibus Generabilibus]] anno [[1982]] probatum.

=== De institutis Rivogianis ===
Rivogia suam autogubernationem per [[Parlamentum]], [[gubernatio]]nem et [[praeses|praesidatum]] obit:

* [[Parlamentum Rivogiae]] ([[Hispanice]] ''Parlamento de La Rioja'') organum [[Communitas autonoma|autonomicae]] potestatis [[potestas legisfera|legisferam]] exsecutum est et populum repraesentat. Legaliter 32 minimo et 40 [[deputatus|deputatorum]] maximo integrandum est, qui per [[suffragium universale]] quoque quarto anno per [[repraesentatio proportionalis|repraesentationem proportionalem]] eleguntur. In praesenti 33 sunt.

* [[Gubernatio Rivogiae]] organum [[potestas exsecutiva|exsecutiva]] munera et [[communitas autonoma|Communitatis]] administrationem obeuns est. Integrata est a [[Praeses|Praeside]] [[Communitas autonoma|Communitatis Autonomae]], [[Praeses Vicarius|Praeside Vicario]] et [[Consiliarius|Consiliariis]]. Excepto Praeside, reliquae Gubernationis membra deputati regionalis esse non poscuntur. Sodales e suis muneribus a Praeside ipso designantur et dimittuntur.

* [[Praeses Rivogiae|Praeses Communitatis Autonomae Rivogiae]] [[dux Gubernationis|exsecutivae gubernationis dux]] Rivogiae est, Gubernationis actionem velut summus Communitatis repraesentans dirigit coordinatque, qui ordinariam [[Hispania|Civitatis Hispanicae]] repraesentationem ostentat. Eligitur a Parlamento inter eius sodales et a [[Reges Hispaniae|Rege Hispaniae]] nominatur.

=== Symbola Rivogiae ===
[[Fasciculus:Bandera de la antigua provincia de Logroño.svg|thumb|Antiquae Deputationis Provincialis Lucronii vexillum. Officialiter non adoptatum est, sed in usu institutionaliter.]]

==== Vexillum Rivogiae ====
[[Vexillum]] ab antiqua [[deputatio]]ne [[provincia]]li anno [[1979]] probatum est et in [[Statutum autonomiae|Statuto Autonomiae]] anni [[1982]] apparuit, secundum quod vexillum quattuor horizontalibus eiusdem magnitudinis clavis, [[color]]um [[ruber|rubri]], [[albus|albi]], [[viridis]] [[flavus|flavique]] formatur. Praeterea et velut in vexillo nationali, [[insigne]] medio in vexillo figurare poterit.

==== Insigne ====
[[Insigne]] [[Rivogia]]e [[heraldica|heraldice]] in articulis sexto septimoque Legis 4/1985 [[31 Maii|pridie Kalendas Iunias]] (BOLR nº 64 [[4 Iunii|pridie Nonas Iunias]]) describitur:

&quot;Insigne Rivogiae, structuraliter, divisum [[insigne]], cum clausa corona regia notatum, est. Dextera in parte, [[aureus|aurea]] abscedentia, [[Crux]] rubra [[Iacobus Maior (apostolus)|Sancti Iacobi]] super [[Mons Laturce|Monte Laturce]] elata cum circummissis duabus conchis, colore [[argenteus|argenteo]] malthatis ac [[ruber|rubro]] delineatis. Laeva in parte, super rubris abscendentiis, [[aureus|aureum]] [[castellum]] trium pinnatarum [[turris|turrium]] super [[niger (color)|nigro]] [[massonatus|massonato]] [[pons|ponte]] equitans, sub quo fluit [[argenteus|argenteum]] [[flumen]]. In [[bordura]] fulgent tres [[flos|flores]] [[lilium|lilii]].&quot;

==== Hymnus ====
[[Hymnus]] [[Rivogia]]e compositio [[musica]]lis ''La Rioja'', scilicet &quot;Rivogia&quot;, denominata est, a magistro [[Elysius Pinedo López|Elysio Pinedo López]]. Quamquam temperatio de [[textus (musica)|textu]] et [[partitura]] non est, officialibus in actibus in usu sunt pauca fragmenta adhuc huius compositionis servata, primum anno [[1965]] canta. Est textus a tunc [[chronista]] provinciali [[Iosephus Maria Lope de Toledo|Iosepho Maria Lope de Toledo]] creatus, sed officialis non factus est.

== Commarcae ==
[[Fasciculus:La Rioja(España) Comarcas 04.svg|thumb|Commarcae Rioiiae.]]
[[Communitas autonoma|Communitas]] Rioiia commarcalizatione caret quae administrativam significationem habeat. Traditionaliter in usu fuit consistens in novem partibus iudicialibus quae in antiquitate erant, correspondentibus ad [[Castrum Bilibium]], [[Sanctus Dominicus Calceatae|Sanctum Dominicum Calceatae]], [[Naiera]]m, [[Lucronium]], [[Turricella in Cameris|Turricellam in Cameris]], [[Calagurris|Calagurrem]], [[Arenetum]], [[Graccurris|Graccurrem]] et [[Cervaria Fluminis Alhamae|Cervariam Fluminis Alhamae]].

Generatim, Rioiia in subregiones tres divisa consideratur, quae [[Rivogia Superior|Superior]], [[Rivogia Media|Media]] et [[Rivogia Inferior|Inferior]] sunt, secundum fluminis [[Hiberus|Hiberi]] cursum, omnes in sua Septemtrionali zona vallis zonam, [[clima]]tis [[clima Mediterraneum|Mediterranei]], et montanam zonam, climatis [[clima continentale|continentalis]], in sua Meridionali zona habentes.

Quia antiquae partes iudiciales Sancti Dominici Viae et Naierae locos in valle ac monte sitos tegebant, et, attenta magna orographica dissimilitudine inter has zonas, earum respectivae montanae zonae ([[Commarca Ezcarayensis|Ezcarayensis]] et [[Commarca Anguidana|Anguidana]]) velut [[commarca]]s tractari solent. Praeterea traditionalis commarca [[Turricella in Cameris]] (usitate simpliciter Cameri nuncupata) in Camerum Novum et Veterem dividitur.

Secundum quod enumerari solent secutae:
* [[Rivogia Superior]]
** Valles: [[Commarca Bilibia|Bilibia]], [[Commarca Naiera|Naiera]] et [[Commarca Sancti Dominici Calceatae|Sanctus Dominicus Calceatae]]
** Mons: [[Commarca Anguidana|Anguidana]] et [[Commarca Ezcarayensis|Ezcarayensis]]
* [[Rivogia Media]]
** Valles: [[Commarca Lucronii|Lucronium]]
** Mons: [[Cameri|Terra Camerorum]] (in [[Camerus Novus|Camerum Novum]] et [[Camerus Vetus|Camerum Veterem]] divisa)
* [[Rivogia Inferior]]
** Valles: [[Commarca Graccurris|Graccurris]], [[Commarca Areneti|Arenetum]] et [[Commarca Calagurris|Calagurris]]
** Mons: [[Commarca Cervariae|Cervariae]]

== Demographia ==
Rioiia, secundum [[Institutum Nationale Statisticae (Hispania)|INE]] data anni [[2010]], [[numerus incolarum|numerum incolarum]] 322&amp;thinsp;415 habet, e quibus 161&amp;thinsp;884 viri et 160&amp;thinsp;531 feminae, quod 713 plurimos quam anno [[2009]] suponit, et [[spissitudo incolarum|spissitudinem incolarum]] 63,76 incolarum pro [[chiliometrum quadratum|km²]] habet. Est [[Hispania|Hispanica]] [[Communitas Autonoma]] cum minimo numero incolarum. Eius [[caput (urbs)|caput]] et urbs cum maximo numero incolarum [[Lucronium]], cum 152 650 hominum, est.

Secundum eadem data, e 174 [[municipium|municipia]] [[Communitas autonoma|Communitatis]], in 150 plurimi viri quam feminae, in duobus pares viri quam feminae et in 22 plurimae feminae quam viri censentur. Ex his ultimis dissimilitudines parvae sunt, excepto capite ubi inveniuntur 4 868 feminae plus quam viri.

Vide etiam [[Index Communium provinciae Rioiiae|Indicem Communium provinciae Rioiiae]].

{| class=&quot;wikitable floatright&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; width:100%; margin-left:0px; font-size:85%&quot;
|+ Municipia Rivogiana cum maximo numero incolarum (census [[2008]])
|-
! align=center style=&quot;background:#f5f5f5;&quot; | Positio
! align=center style=&quot;background:#f5f5f5;&quot; | [[Municipium]] [[Latine]]
! align=center style=&quot;background:#f5f5f5;&quot; | [[Municipium]] [[Hispanice]]
! align=center style=&quot;background:#f5f5f5;&quot; | [[Numerus incolarum|Inc.]]
! align=center style=&quot;background:#f5f5f5;&quot; | Positio
! align=center style=&quot;background:#f5f5f5;&quot; | [[Municipium]] [[Latine]]
! align=center style=&quot;background:#f5f5f5;&quot; | [[Municipium]] [[Hispanice]]
! align=center style=&quot;background:#f5f5f5;&quot; | [[Numerus incolarum|Inc.]]
! align=center rowspan=11 | [[Fasciculus:Puente de Piedra (Stone Bridge) in Logroño.jpg|110px|Lucronium]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Lucronium]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Fasciculus:Catedral de Calahorra01.jpg|110px|Calagurris]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Calagurris]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Fasciculus:Arnedo-general-view.jpg|110px|Arnetum]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Arenetum]]
|-
| align=center style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; | 1 ||align=left | '''[[Lucronium]]''' || ''Logroño'' || 150 071 || align=center style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; | 11 ||align=left | '''[[Pradexo]]''' || ''Pradejón'' || 3 901
|-
| align=center style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; | 2 ||align=left | '''[[Calagurris]]''' || ''Calahorra'' || 24 338 || align=center style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; | 12 ||align=left | '''[[Angulus Saltus]]''' || ''Rincón de Soto'' || 3 710
|-
| align=center style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; | 3 ||align=left | '''[[Arenetum]]''' || ''Arnedo'' || 14 289 || align=center style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; | 13 ||align=left | '''[[Fons Maior]]''' || ''Fuenmayor'' || 3 159
|-
| align=center style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; | 4 ||align=left | '''[[Castrum Bilibium]]''' || ''Haro'' || 12 203 || align=center style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; | 14 ||align=left | '''[[Albaida Ireguae]]''' || ''Albelda de Iregua'' || 3 098
|-
| align=center style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; | 5 ||align=left | '''[[Graccurris]]''' || ''Alfaro'' || 9 727 || align=center style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; | 15 ||align=left | '''[[Cervaria Fluminis Alhamae]]''' || ''Cervera del Río Alhama'' || 2 939
|-
| align=center style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; | 6 ||align=left | '''[[Naiera]]''' || ''Nájera'' || 8 326 || align=center style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; | 16 ||align=left | '''[[Pagus Novus Hiberi]]''' || ''Aldeanueva de Ebro'' || 2 774
|-
| align=center style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; | 7 ||align=left | '''[[Lardarius]]''' || ''Lardero'' || 7 673 || align=center style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; | 17 ||align=left | '''[[Navarrete]]''' || ''Navarrete'' || 2 750
|-
| align=center style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; | 8 ||align=left | '''[[Sanctus Dominicus Calceatae]]''' || ''Santo Domingo de la Calzada'' || 6 698 || align=center style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; | 18 ||align=left | '''[[Alberite]]''' || ''Alberite'' || 2 594
|-
| align=center style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; | 9 ||align=left | '''[[Villamediana Ireguae]]''' || ''Villamediana de Iregua'' || 6 032 || align=center style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; | 19 ||align=left | '''[[Cinissaria]]''' || ''Cenicero'' || 2 234
|-
| align=center style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; | 10 ||align=left | '''[[Abtole]]''' || ''Autol'' || 4 166 || align=center style=&quot;background:#f0f0f0;&quot; | 18 ||align=left | '''[[Pagus Ezcarayensis]]''' || ''Ezcaray'' || 2 037
|-
|}

== Oeconomia ==
[[Fasciculus:Barricas de Bodegas de Haro - La Rioja - España.jpg|thumb|[[Castrum Bilibium|Castri Bilibii]] cellarum vinariarum cupae.]]
[[PDG]] pretiis mercatus incrementum expertus est ex [[Hispania]]e incorporatione in [[Unio Europaea|Unionem Europaeam]], et toti nationi et Rioxae speciatim. Communitas [[PIB]] pretiis mercatus anni [[1997]] ostendebat qui ad 360&amp;thinsp;713 [[millio]]nes [[peseta]]rum ascendebat ob 245&amp;thinsp;964 quos anno [[1986]] ostendebat. Incrementi explicatio in magno [[PIB]] incremento perihodo inter [[1986]] et [[1991]] radicat, ubi producta est variatio 5,6%, variatio maior quam attacta eadem perihodo Hispaniae, cuius oscillatio 4.6 centesimas attigit. Rivogia igitur hac perihodo productivum nisum maiorem quam tota natio firmat, mores in quibus pergit usque ad praesens.

== Flora faunaque ==
Rioiia 1 centesima [[Hispania]]e superficiei repraesentat et nihilominus circiter 46 centesimae [[vertebrata|vertebratorum]] quae Hispania solita commoratione utuntur et 60 centesimae [[Hiberia|paeninsularium]] habet. Etiam ibi 21 centesimae [[endemismus|endemicorum]] [[Hiberia|Paeninsulae Hibericae]] vertebratorum vivunt. Quorum quinque [[pisces]] sunt: ''[[Barbus graellsii]],'' ''[[Barbus haasi]],'' ''[[Achondrostoma arcasii]],'' ''[[Cobitis calderoni]],'' et ''[[Cobitis paludica]].'' Quoque sunt duo [[mammalia]], ''[[Galemys pyrenaicus]]'' ac ''[[Lepus granatensis]],'' unum [[amphibia|amphibium]], ''[[Discoglossus galganoi]], et unum [[reptilia|reptile]], ''[[Chalcides bedriagai]].''

Regionis [[prominentia]] dividitur magnas in zonas duabus: [[Hiberus|Vallem Hiberi]] Septemtrione et montem Meridie, mediis cum altitudinibus fere 2000 [[metrum|metrorum]] medio Austroccidente et 1500 metrorum Austroriente. Sic [[clima Mediterraneum|Mediterraneas]] [[flora]]m ac [[fauna]]m in Valle Hiberi humilibusque in montibus habemus et Centro-Europaei generis altis in Austroccidentalibus montibus; [[Iugum Demandae|Demandae]], [[Urbion]]is, [[Cepullaria]]e et [[Fagetum Sancti Iacobi|Fageti Sancti Iacobi]] ([[Hispanice]] ''Demanda, Urbión, Cebollera'' et ''Hayedo de Santiago'', respective).
[[Fasciculus:Milvus milvus Jura.jpg|thumb|left|''[[Milvus milvus]],'' una ex [[species periclitata|speciebus in periculo]] [[exstinctio]]nis in Rioxa praesens.]]

Inter Mediterraneas [[species]] se ad Hiberi depressionem adaptantes sunt ''[[Mauremys leprosa]],'' [[Gekkonidae|gekkonida]], ''[[Chalcides bedriagai]],'' ''[[Acanthodactylus erythrurus]],'' ''[[Psammodromus hispanicus]],'' et ''[[Vipera latastei]]''; inter [[pisces]] ''[[Aphos porosus]]'' et ''[[Cobitis paludica]]'' in [[Hiberus|Hibero]] sunt; nidificantes [[aves]] sunt ''[[Aquila fasciata]],'' [[Pterocliformes|pterocliformis]], ''[[Pterocles orientalis]],'' ''[[Oenanthe leucura]],'' ''[[Clamator glandarius]],'' aut ''[[Remiz pendulinus]]''; inter [[mammalia]] excellunt ''[[Suncus etruscus]],'' ''[[Pipistrellus kuhlii]],'' ''[[Mus spretus]],'' et ''[[Microtus duodecimcostatus]].''

Eae se altioribus in locis constituentes Mediae Europaeae [[species]] sunt, inter quas ''[[Lissotriton helveticus]],'' ''[[Lacerta bilineata]],'' et ''[[Vipera aspis]]'' intra [[amphibia|amphibiorum]] ac [[reptilia|reptilium]] [[Classis (taxinomia)|classes]]; ''[[Perdix perdix]],'' ''[[Certhia familiaris]],'' ''[[Poecile palustris]],'' et ''[[Pyrrhula pyrrhula]]'' inter nidificantes [[aves]] dum [[glis glis]], ''[[Myodes glareolus]],'' et ''[[Apodemus flavicollis]]'' [[mammalia]] repraesentat. ''[[Neomys fodiens]]'' et ''[[Microtus gerbei]]'' se in meridionaliori suae zonae parte in [[Iugum Cantabricum|Iugo Cantabrico]] constituunt. [[Hiberus|Flumen Hiberus]] Mediae Europaeae originis species etiam accipit, inter quas ''[[Squalius cephalus]],'' ''[[Parachondrostoma arrigonis]],'' ''[[Phoxinus phoxinus]],'' et ''[[Barbatula quignardi]].''

=== Species periclitatae ===
In Rioiia sunt duae [[species periclitata|species in periculo]] [[exstinctio]]nis: ''[[Milvus milvus]]'', qui ingentem declivitatem ultimis decem annis, praesertim ob veneni actionem, expertus est, et ''[[Mustela lutreola]],'' parvum [[carnivora|carnivorum]] ad semiaquaticam vitam adaptum et conveniens fluminibus cum spisso [[plantae|vegetali]] tegmine.

Inter [[species periclitata]]s sunt ''[[Aquila fasciata]],'' ''[[Circus pygargus]],'' ''[[Neophron percnopterus]],'' ''[[Aphos porosus]],'' ''[[Tetrax tetrax]],'' ''[[Pterocles alchata]],'' ''[[Pterocles orientalis]],'' ''[[Phoenicurus phoenicurus]],'' ''[[Galemys pyrenaicus]],'' ''[[Austrapotamobius pallipes]],'' et aliquae [[chiroptera|chiropterorum]] species (''[[Myotis bechsteinii]],'' ''[[Myotis blythii]],'' ''[[Myotis emarginatus]],'' ''[[Myotis mystacina]],'' ''[[Rhinolophus ferrumequinum]],'' ''[[Rhinolophus euryale]],'' ''[[Nyctalus noctula]],'' ''[[Nyctalus lasiopterus]],'' ''[[Miniopterus schreibersii]],'' ''[[Myotis myotis]]''). De eo quod ad [[flora]]m attinet, sunt ''[[Androsace rioxana]],'' ''[[Ribes petraeum]],'' et ''[[Prunus lusitanica]].''

Etiam sunt 174 species (quattuor [[plantae]], unus [[pisces|piscis]], octo [[amphibia]], 18 [[reptilia]], 133 [[aves]] et decem [[invertebrata]]) quibus quamquam non periclitatae sunt opus est periodica earum conservationis status evaluatio.

== Vectura ==
[[Fasciculus:Aeropuerto_de_Logroño.jpg|thumb|left|[[Aëroportus Lucronii-Egonis]] interior pars.]]
Rivogia communicata via aëria gratia [[Aëroportus Lucronii-Egonis]] ([[Hispanice]] ''Aeropuerto de Logroño-Agoncillo'') invenitur.

Per [[ferrivia]]m itinera versus [[Matritum]], [[Caesaraugusta]]m, [[Barcino]]nem, [[Valdoletum]], [[Gigia]]m, [[Bilbaum]], [[Brigantium Flavium]], [[Vicus Spacorum|Vicum Spacorum]] perfici possunt, quoniam linea inter [[Castello (Navarra)|Castellonem]] et [[Miranda Hiberica|Mirandam Hibericam]] regionem ex Oriente in Occidentem transit. Praecipua Communitatis statio [[statio ferriviaria Lucronium|Lucronii]] est.

De [[via|viis]], Rioiia communicationes vicinis cum regionibus habet, praesertim per [[autovia]]m [[AP-68]]. Nuper autoviae construuntur, velut [[Autovia Viae]] ([[Hispanice]]; ''Autovía del Camino''), quae [[Pompaelo]]nem cum [[Lucronium|Lucronio]] conectit et quae in futuro [[Burgi|Burgos]] attinget.

== Cultura ==
=== Universitas Rivogiae ===
[[Fasciculus:Rectorado (University Headquarters) of Universidad de La Rioja in Logroño.jpg|thumb|Praesidium Universitatis Rivogiae.]]
Inaugurata anno academico [[1992]]-[[1993]], [[Universitas Rivogiae]] unicum centrum educationis superioris in Communitate Autonoma est. Eius sedes [[Lucronium|Lucronii]] invenitur. Anno [[1992]] inaugurata est ex variis collegiis [[universitas|universitariis]] et scholis quae praesertim ad [[Studium Generale Civitatis Caesaraugustanae]] adscripta erant. In praesenti et 26 titulationes officiales et variatum graduum magistralium programma et cursus aestatis et cursus linguae culturaeque Hispanicarum advenis offert. Eius conclavia circiter 7 500 studentium accipiunt, e quibus 1 500 virtuales.

=== Via Sancti Iacobi ===
[[Fasciculus:Ways of St. James in Europe.png|thumb|left|[[Peregrinatio ad Compostellam|Viae Sancti Iacobi]] tramites per [[Europa]]m.]]
[[Peregrinatio ad Compostellam|Via Sancti Iacobi]] magnum pondus per annos his territoriis habuit, trans ea duo itinera ea transcurrunt. &quot;[[Iter Gallicum]]&quot;, popularissimum, quod, e [[Runcievallis|Runcievalli]] profectum, [[Pompaelo]]nem, [[Stella (Navarra)|Stellam]], [[Arcus (Navarra)|Arcum]] et iam intra Rioiiam [[Lucronium]] et [[Naiera]]m transit ad veniendum in [[Sanctus Dominicus Calceatae|Sanctum Dominicum Calceatae]] ubi confluet cum alio itinere &quot;Interiore&quot; sive &quot;[[Iter Vasconico-Francicum|Vasconico-Gallico]]&quot; nucupato, quod e [[Francia]] profiscitur et [[Oeasso]]nem, [[Andoain]], [[Beraxa]]m, [[Zalduhondo]]nem, [[Nova Victoria|Novam Victoriam]], [[Puebla Arganzonensis|Pueblam Arganzonensem]] transit et intrat in Rioiiam per [[Conchae Fari|Conchas Fari]] versus [[Brinias|Briniam]], [[Castrum Bilibium]], [[Cerraton]], [[Cidamon]], [[Sanctus Torquatus|Sanctum Torquatum]], [[Bannares]] et denique versus [[Sanctus Dominicus Calceatae|Sanctum Dominicum Calceatae]], probabiliter [[Peregrinatio ad Compostellam|Viae]] locum in regionem notissimum, unde usque ad [[Belfuratus|Belfuratum]] perget versus [[Compostella]]m, finito Rioxano traiectu in [[Grannio]]ne.

[[Municipium|Municipiorum]] multa qua [[peregrinatio ad Compostellam|Via]] transcurrit diversoria habent ut [[peregrinus|peregrini]] pernoctare possint.

=== Dialectos Rivogiana ===
[[Fasciculus:Parquedelebro.jpg|thumb|right|[[Horti Hiberi]] ([[Hispanice]] ''Parque del Ebro''), [[Lucronium|Lucronii]].]]
[[Lingua Hispanica|Linguae Hispanicae]] variatio in Rioiia locuta, cum duabus subdialectis, ea Rivogiae Superioris et ea Rivogiae Inferioris. Vicinis linguis, [[lingua Aragonica|Aragonica]] et [[lingua Vasconica|Vasconica]], afficitur. In praesenti [[dialectos Rivogiana]] in suorum characterum multis obsolescit et ad aliquas rurales zonas in aliis reducitur. Quoque nuncupatur sic lingua hac in zona fabulata in epocha in qua regio penes [[Regnum Navarrae]] erat.

=== Xota Rivogiana ===
[[Xota]] Rivogiana ([[Hispanice]] ''jota Riojana'') cum xota [[Aragonia|Aragoniensi]] et [[Navarra]] cognatione coniungitur. Cantuum textus populares versus sunt, aliquibus casibus relati ad quotidianas hominum res a quibus compositi sunt. Ab iuvenum turma ([[Hispanice]] ''rondalla'') aut [[instrumentum musicum|aërophonia]] velut [[gaita utricularis Rivogiana|gaita utriculari Rivogiana]] ([[Hispanice]] ''gaita de bota riojana'') aut [[dulzaina]], ''gaita'' in Rioiia nuncupata, cani solent.

=== Mundi Hereditas in Rioiia ===
[[Fasciculus:Suso.04.jpg|thumb|left|[[Monasterium Sancti Aemiliani Sursum Iacens]] ([[Hispanice]] ''Monasterio de San Millán de Suso'').]]
[[4 Decembris|Pridie Nonas Decembres]] [[1997]] [[monasterium|monasteria]] [[Monasterium Sancti Aemiliani Sursum Iacens|Sancti Aemiliani Sursum]] et [[Monasterium Sancti Aemiliani Deorsum Spectans|Deorsum]] ([[Hispanice]] ''San Millán de Suso'' et ''de Yuso'', respective) [[UNESCO Mundi Hereditas|Patrimonium Mundanum]] ab [[UNESCO]] declarata sunt. Ambo in municipio [[Sanctus Aemilianus Cocullae|Sancti Aemiliani Cocullae]] et praeclara sunt quia ibi inventae sunt [[Glossae Aemilianenses]].

[[Monasterium Sancti Aemiliani Sursum Iacens]], antiquissimum, exeunte [[saeculum 6|saeculo VI]] aedificari coepit ut [[Sanctus Aemilianus|Sancti Aemiliani]], [[Sanctus Felix Bilibii|Sancti Felicis Bilibii]] discipuli, sepulcrum acciperet, dum Monasterium Deorsum Spectans [[saeculum 10|saeculo X]] ortum est, postea [[saeculum|saeculis]] [[saeculum 16|sexto decimo]], [[saeculum 17|septimo decimo]], ac [[saeculum 18|duodevicensimo]] denuo constructum. Ponderis [[saeculum 17|saeculi septimi decimi]] [[liber choralis|librorum choralium]] [[bibliotheca]]m possidet, velut alias collectiones.

Hoc in [[monasterium|monasterio]] educatus est [[Gundisalvus de Berceo]], [[lingua Hispanica|linguae Hispanicae]] [[poëta]].

=== Gastronomia ===
{{vide-etiam|Gastronomia Rivogiana}}
[[Fasciculus:Patatas a la Riojana.jpg|thumb|[[patatae modo rivogiano|Patatae modo Rivogiano]] ([[Hispanice]]: ''patatas a la riojana'') sive [[patata]]e cum [[tomacina]] ([[Hispanice]] ''patatas con chorizo'').]]
Typica Rioiiana fercula notissima [[patatae modo rivogiano|patatae modo Rivogiano]] ([[Hispanice]] ''patatas a la riojana'') sive [[patata]]e cum [[tomacina]] ([[Hispanice]] ''patatas con chorizo'') et [[costulae agninae super sarmento]] ([[Hispanice]] ''chuletillas al sarmiento'') sunt, quae crebro in cellis vinariis ac subdiales craticula assae super [[vitis|vitium]] sarmentorum prunis elaborantur. Sed etiam sunt plurima autochthonica fercula quae in quibusvis regionis popinis degustari possunt. Traditionalis Rioxana coquina consistentibus generatim ferculis formatur, ubi excellunt [[elixura]] ([[Hispanice]] ''cocido'') et [[minutal]]ia ([[Hispanice]] ''guisos'') et in agriculturalibus [[Hiberus|Ripae Hiberi]] productis fundantur, coniunctis cum [[mactatio]]nis ([[Hispanice]]: ''matanza'') productis. Mentioni digna [[mollia]] ([[Hispanice]] ''migas de `pastor''), [[acetaria]] [[porrum|porri]] ([[Hispanice]] ''ensalada de puerro''), [[capsicum|capsica]] [[capsica farta|farta]] ([[Hispanice]] ''pimientos rellenos''), [[caparrones Anguidani]] ([[Hispanice]] ''caparrones de Anguiano''), [[Phaseolus vulgaris|phaseoli]] cum [[Coturnix|coturnicibus]] ([[Hispanice]] ''pochas con codornices''), [[Gadus morhua|gadus]] modo Rivogiano ([[Hispanice]] ''bacalao a la riojana''), [[imbutatum|imbutata]] ([[Hispanice]] ''embuchados'') et [[trutta]] modo Rivogiano ([[Hispanice]] ''trucha a la riojana'') sunt. Etiam in hac regione typicae [[tomacina Rivogiana|tomacinae]] et [[Cameri (caseus)|caseus Cameranus]] ([[Hispanice]] ''queso camerano'').
[[Fasciculus:Peras al vino - moverelbigote.jpg|thumb|left|[[pirum|Pira]] cum [[Vinum rubrum|vino rubro]] ([[Hispanice]] ''peras al vino tinto'').]]
Ex horto notandi sunt [[Borago officinalis|borago]], [[Cynara scolymus|scolymus]] et [[Cynara cardunculus|cardunculus]], [[Phaseolus vulgaris|phaseoli]], [[Asparagus officinalis|asparagi]] et [[Agaricus bisporus|agaricus]], qui omnes sunt plurimorum traditionalium praeceptorum basis, sicut [[menestra]]e ([[Hispanice]] ''menestra''), quibus frui possunt praesertim in [[Rivogia Inferior]]e et definitius in [[Calagurris|Calagurre]], ubi quotannis celebrantur magis magisque populares &quot;Dies Holeris&quot; ([[Hispanice]] ''Jornadas de la Verdura'') mense [[Aprilis|Aprili]], ubi magnae [[holus|holeris]] nundinae apparantur et urbis thermopolia cauponaeque [[pintxo]]nes ([[Hispanice]] ''pinchos'') et typica fercula his productis elaborata offerunt.

Clarae sunt gastronomicae excursiones trans caput, [[Lucronium]], maxime per [[Via Lauri (Luconium)|Viam Lauri]] ([[Hispanice]]; ''Calle del Laurel'') sive Semita Elephantum ([[Hispanice]]; ''Senda de los elefantes'') et per [[Via Sancti Ioannis (Lucronium)|Viam Sancti Ioannis]] ([[Hispanice]]; ''Calle San Juan''), in quibus [[pintxo]]nes ac varia [[Operculum|opercula]] relaxato colloquialique ambitu [[Vinum Rivogianum|vino Rivogiano]] rigata degustari possunt.

[[Tragemata]] in Rioiia [[pirum]] cum [[Vinum rubrum|vino rubro]] ([[Hispanice]] ''pera al vino tinto'') et alia [[pomum|poma]] eodem modo elaborata excellunt. Inter typica Rivogiana dulcia ([[Dialectos Rivogiana|Rivogiane]]; ''golmajería'') nominandi sunt [[furcatuli]] ([[Hispanice]] ''ahorcaditos'') [[Sanctus Dominicus Calceatae|Calceatenses]], [[fardelexus|fardelexi]] ([[Hispanice]] ''fardelejos'') [[Arenetum|Arenetani]], [[martipanes Saltenses]] ([[Hispanice]] ''Mazapán de Soto'') [[Saltus Cameranus|Saltus Camerani]], [[Russus (dulce)|russi]] ([[Hispanice]] ''rusos'') [[Graccurris]].

=== Sollemnia et alii actus ===
==== Festivitates Utilitatis Turisticae Nationalis ====
[[Fasciculus:Danzadores de zancos bajando la cuesta de los danzadores en Anguiano.JPG|thumb|left|200px|[[Saltatio Grallarum Anguidana]].]]
Aliquae inter popularissimas eius celebrationes et [[Festa Utilitatis Turisticae Nationalis|Utilitatis Turisticae Nationalis]] declaratas sunt:
* [[Festum Sancti et Domnicellarum]] ([[Hispanice]]; ''Fiestas del Santo y Las Doncellas'') [[Sanctus Dominicus Calceatae|Sancti Dominici Calceatae]]
* [[Festum Sancti Matthaei (Lucronium)|Festum Vindemiae]] ([[Hispanice]]; ''Fiestas de la vendimia'') [[Lucronium|Lucronii]], sollemnia originem ad [[saeculum 12|saeculum XII]] trahentia et ex anno [[1956]] cognomen Festum Vindemiae habentia, ob [[vindemia]]e dierum proximitatem in eo aguntur numerosi actus cum vino velut elemento centrali.
* [[Proelium Vini]] ([[Hispanice]] ''Batalla del vino'') [[Castrum Bilibium|Castri Bilibii]], consistens in madefaciendos participes cum [[vinum|vino]] donec toti [[Violeus|violei]] se faciant, in [[Cautes Bilibiae|Cautibus Bilibiis]] ([[Hispanice]]; ''Riscos de Bilibio'') agitur.
[[Fasciculus:Batalla_del_Vino_-_Haro_-_La_Rioja.jpg|thumb|[[Proelium Vini]] [[Castrum Bilibium|Castri Bilibii]].]]
* [[Saltatio Grallarum Anguidana|Saltatio Grallarum]] ([[Hispanice]]; ''Danza de los zancos'') [[Anguidanus|Anguidani]], in qua octo iuvenes vicani, [[grallae|grallas]] 45 centrimetra altas et amplas [[gunna]]s habentes, se per clivum et scalas lapide stratas super se gyrantes iaciunt.
* [[Puncti Sancti Vincentii Subserrae|Puncti]] ([[Hispanice]]; ''Los Picaos'') [[Sanctus Vincentius Subserrae|Sancti Vincentii Subserrae]], consistentes in circulo hominum se ipsos tergum propter fidei actum et sponte verbere flagellantium dum omnem vicum pompantes eunt. Eorum [[Sanctus patronus|patrona]] [[Virgo Vallis Venariae]] (Hispanice; ''Virgen de la Valvanera'') est.
==== Festivitates Utilitatis Turisticae Regionalis ====
* [[Nundinae Mediaevales]] [[Sanctus Dominicus Calceatae|Sancti Dominici Calceatae]], festivitas Utilitatis Turisticae Regionalis. Agitur semper [[December|Decembri]], per [[finem hebdomadis]] et [[pons festivus|pontem]] [[Constitutio Hispanica|Constitutionis]] ac [[Immaculata Conceptio|Immaculatae Conceptionis]], diebus [[6 Decembris|6]] ac [[8 Decembris]]. Nundinae [[Medium Aevum|Mediaevales]] [[Sanctus Dominicus Calceatae|Sancti Dominici Calceatae]] latum actuum programma et multas magnae qualitatis mensas habent. In pulchro vico magnus festivus ambitus his cum nundinis formatur quo plurimi homines quotannis veniunt. [[Musica]] ac [[theatrum]] semitarium nos adhuc magis in [[Medium Aevum|Mediaevalem]] mundum summergunt. Ad eas adduntur nundinae [[Peregrinatio ad Compostellam|Viae]] et nundinae oecologicae. Amplius 100 000 hominum congregant ubi Cathedralis nundinarum epicentrum fit.
[[Fasciculus:Logrono1521.jpg|thumb|300px|Anni [[1521]] [[Lucronium|Lucronii]] defensionis repraesentatio.]]
* [[Festivitates Mediaevales Beronum|Nundinae Mediaevales]] [[Berones (Rioiia)|Beronum]] ([[Hispanice]] ''Briones''), Utilitatis Turisticae Regionalis declaratae, memores [[saeculum 14|saeculi XVI]] et eius domorum, et refectionem ambitalem, spectacula etc... habentes, venorum mercatu caret. Pulchra cavaedia domusque quae istis diebus hospiti aperiuntur. Ecclesia et turris Nundinarum epicentrum sunt. [[Berones (Rioiia)|Beronibus]] Museum Vini est.
* Per [[Hebdomada Sancta|Hebdomadem Sanctam]] [[Calagurris|Calagurritanam]] aguntur nundinae [[Roma antiqua|Romanae]] ([[Hispanice]] ''Mercaforum'') [[Dominica in Palmis de passione Domini|Dominica Palmarum]] et pridie; ad scaenas deductio [[Passio Christi|Passionis]] vespere [[Dies Cenae Domini|Die Cenae]] et variae processiones e Die Veneris Dolorum ad [[Dominica Resurrectionis Domini|Dominicam Resurrectionis]], quae maximum gressuum processionalium numerum tota in [[Hispania]] habent.

* [[Festum Sancti Barnabae (Lucronium)|Festum Sancti Barnabae]] [[Lucronium|Lucronii]], ubi Lucroniensium resistentia contra impetum [[Francia|Francicarum]] copiarum ab [[Andreas de Foix|Andrea de Foix]], domino Lesparrensi, ductarum anno [[1521]] commemoratur in quo etiam alios inter actus gratuita [[pisces|piscium]], [[panis]] [[vinum|vinique]] degustatio est, quia his cum alimentis [[obsidio]] superata est.

=== Homines celebres ===
[[Fasciculus:Calahorra, estatua de Quintiliano.JPG|thumb|[[Marcus Fabius Quintilianus|Quintiliani]] [[statua]] sua natali [[Calagurris|Calagurri]], ab [[Antonius Loperena Eseverri|Antonio Loperena Eseverri]].]]
* [[Marcus Fabius Quintilianus]].
* [[Sanctus Aemilianus]], [[sanctus]] et primus [[Castella]]e [[sanctus patronus|patronus]].
* Sanctus [[Dominicus Calceatae]], sanctus [[Villa Oria|Villae Oriae]] [[Hispanice]]; ''Viloria de Rioja'') (in [[Burgi (provincia)|Burgis]]) natus, urbis [[Sanctus Dominicus Calceatae|Sancti Dominici Calceatae]] conditor.
* Sanctus [[Dominicus de Silos]], [[Cannae|Cannis]] [[Hispanice]]; ''Cañas'') natus.
* [[Gundisalvus de Berceo]], primus [[poëta]] in [[lingua Hispanica]].
* [[Armandus Buscarini]], Bohemicus [[poëta]] [[Pagus Ezcarayensis|Pago Ezcarayensi]] natus.
* [[Ioachim Espartero]], [[militarius]] et [[politicus]] [[Oretum|Oreti]] [[Hispanice]] ''Granátula de Calatrava'' (in [[Urbs Regia (provincia)|Urbe Regia]]) natus, sed ob [[matrimonium]] [[Lucronium|Lucronii]], ubi mortuus est, incola.
* [[Marianus de la Paz Graells]], Rioxanus eruditus [[botanice|botanicus]] et egregius [[medicus]], [[Regius Hortus Botanicus Matritensis|Regii Horti Botanici Matritensis]] ([[Hispanice]] ''Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid'') director, [[Tritium|Tritii]] ([[Hispanice]] ''Tricio'', anno [[1808]], et [[Matritum|Matriti]] anno [[1898]] mortuus.
* [[Manuel Bretón de los Herreros]], [[dramaturgus]].
* [[Petrus Duro]], [[Asturiae|Asturianae]] [[industria]]e praecursor, [[Brita]]e ([[Hispanice]] ''Brieva de Cameros'') anno [[1810]] natus.
* [[Faustus Delhuyar]], clarus [[chemicus]] quia [[elementum]] nº 74, [[wolframium]], invenit.
* [[Praxedes Mateo Sagasta]], [[Praeses]] [[Gubernatio]]nis [[Hispania|Hispanicae]].
[[Fasciculus:Portrait of Praxedes Mateo Sagasta.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|Rioxanus Praxedes Mateo Sagasta, antiquus [[Hispania]]e [[praeses]].]]
* [[Marchio Ensenadensis]], [[politicus]] et [[Statistica|statista]].
* [[Iacobus Ezquerro]], [[pediludium|pedilusor]] [[Calagurris|Calagurri]] natus
* [[Ioannes Fernández de Navarrete|Navarrete «Mutus»]], [[pictor]].
* [[Petrus Iosephus Ramírez]], [[diarium|diarii]] [[El Mundo]] [[diurnarius]] et director.
* [[Carlotta Castrejana]], [[atleta]] [[Lucronium|Lucronii]] anno [[1973]] nata.
* [[Augustus Ibáñez Sacristán]], [[pilotarius]] (Titín III).
* [[Xaverius Cámara]], [[actor]], [[Albaida Ireguae|Albaidae Ireguae]] die [[19 Ianuarii]] anni [[1967]] natus.
* [[Iosephus Viyuela]], [[Lucronium|Lucronii]] natus, die [[2 Iunii]] anni [[1963]], [[actor]], [[scurra]], [[poëta]] et [[umor]]ista.
* [[Gustavus Bueno]], [[Sanctus Dominicus Calceatae|Sancti Dominici Calceatae]] natus, [[philosophus]].
* [[Fernandus Llorente]], turmae [[Athletic Club de Bilbao]] [[pediludium|pediludii]] [[oppugnator]].
* [[Carolus Coloma]], [[Olympia (certamina)|Olympicus]] [[birotatio|birotarius]] montanus.
* [[Xaverius Pascual Llorente]], antiquus professionalis [[birotatio|birotarius]].
* [[Raphael Azcona|Raphaël Azcona]], [[cinematogratographia|cinematographicus]] [[scaenariographus]].
* [[Gaspar Llamazares]], [[politicus]].

== Disportus ==
[[Fasciculus:Ferial de Haro.jpg|220px|thumb|[[Papilio El Ferial]] ([[Hispanice]]; ''Pabellón El Ferial'', officialis [[Follis volatilis|petosphaeriticae]] turmae [[Club Voleibol Haro|Haro]] campus.]]
Anno [[2009]] duae Rioxanae turmae suas maximas nationales categorias participavere; masculina [[manufollium|manufollica]] turma [[Club Balonmano Ciudad de Logroño|Ciudad de Logroño]] [[Lucronium|Lucronii]] et feminea [[Follis volatilis|petosphaeritica]] turma [[Club Voleibol Haro|Haro]] [[Castrum Bilibium|Castri Bilibii]].

Quotannis ultimo [[Aprilis]] [[dies Saturni|die Saturni]] iter nocturnum pedibus circiter 63 km inter [[Lucronium]] et [[Monasterium Vallis Venariae]] ([[Hispanice]] ''Monasterio de Valvanera''), &quot;[[Valvanerada]]&quot; appellatum, perfectum est, quod participat magna multitudo.

{{NexInt}}
* [[Gastronomia Rivogiana]]
* [[Vinum Rivogianum]]

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20020221041042/http://www.larioja.org/sig/ctem.html Pagina officialis]
* [http://www.latierraconnombredevino.com/ Terra cum Nomine Vini]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180124135710/http://www.culturaderioja.org/ Cultura Popularis Rioiiana]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20210831060622/https://cvc.cervantes.es/lengua/thesaurus/pdf/37/TH_37_002_176_0.pdf Manuel Alvar, ''Dialectos Rivogiana'', Matriti, Domus Editoria Gredos, Bibliotheca Romanica Hispanica, 1976, 200 paginae]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120203142113/http://www.culturaderioja.org/index.php/diccionario Dictionarium Rioxanismorum]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120620084609/http://calagurris.es/index.html Pagina interretialis de urbe Calagurri]

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

{{provinciae Hispanae}}

[[Categoria:Communitates Autonomae Hispaniae]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Munster (caseus)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="1479" sha1="fcyzq9uwa06viuvf83cq0hhx39maoor" xml:space="preserve">[[Image:Munster.jpg|thumb|Caseus ''Munster'']]
'''Munster''' est nomen varietatis [[caseus|casei]] bubuli in [[Francia]] inventae.

==Appellatio Originis Protecta==
Caseus sub hoc nomine in civitatibus Europaeis venundatus in regione delimitata et in modis definitis debet fieri. Qui casei ab anno [[1969]] [[Appellatio Originis Verificata|appellationem in Francia verificatam]] portabant (''Munster'' vel ''Munster-Géromé''), ab anno [[2009]] [[Appellatio Originis Protecta|appellationem in Europa protectam]] habent.

== Bibliographia ==
* Pawinee Deetae et al., &quot;[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/6138754_Production_of_volatile_aroma_compounds_by_bacterial_strains_isolated_from_different_surface-ripened_French_cheeses Production of volatile aroma compounds by bacterial strainsisolated from different surface-ripened French cheeses]&quot; in ''Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology'' vol. 76 (2007) pp. 1161-1171

==Nexus externi==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20081202012709/http://www.cniel.com/site.asp?where=prodlait/appell/AOC31.html De appellationibus lacticiniis Francicis] {{Ling|Francogallice}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080913083008/http://www.fromages-aop.com/ De appellationibus lacticiniis] {{Ling|Francogallice}}

{{Alimenta-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Casei Francici]]
[[Categoria:Appellatio Originis Protecta]]
[[Categoria:Casei alcohole macerati]]
[[Categoria:Casei aromatibus mixti]]
[[Categoria:Casei bubuli]]
[[Categoria:Gastronomia Alsatiensis]]</text>
      <sha1>fcyzq9uwa06viuvf83cq0hhx39maoor</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Pélardon</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>56478</id>
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      <text bytes="1019" sha1="ska5lbj334q2qaw82xzz7xc7944ag07" xml:space="preserve">[[Image:Pelardon.jpg|thumb|Caseoli ''Pélardon'']]
'''Pélardon''' est nomen varietatis [[caseus|casei]] caprini in [[Francia]] inventae.

==Appellatio Originis Protecta==
Caseus sub hoc nomine in civitatibus Europaeis venundatus debet in regione delimitata et in modis definitis fieri. Caseus ''Pélardon'' ab anno [[2000]] [[Appellatio Originis Verificata|appellationem in Francia verificatam]] portabat et ab anno [[2009]] [[Appellatio Originis Protecta|appellationem in Europa protectam]] habebit.

==Nexus externi==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20081202012709/http://www.cniel.com/site.asp?where=prodlait/appell/AOC31.html De appellationibus lacticiniis Francicis] {{Ling|Francogallice}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080913083008/http://www.fromages-aop.com/ De appellationibus lacticiniis] {{Ling|Francogallice}}
{{Commonscat}}
{{Alimenta-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pelardon}}
[[Categoria:Casei Francici]]
[[Categoria:Appellatio Originis Protecta]]
[[Categoria:Casei caprini]]
[[Categoria:Gastronomia Occitana]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Picodon</title>
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      <text bytes="3461" sha1="i1c85wcafs5m2z99nd1dn5ri12wek51" xml:space="preserve">[[Image:Wikicheese - Picodon - 20150417 - 003.jpg|thumb|Caseoli ''picodon'' maturi]]
[[Fasciculus:Picodon Crest AOP.JPG|thumb|Caseolus ''picodon'' appellatione rubricatus]]
'''Picodon''' est nomen varietatis [[caseus|casei]] caprini in [[Francia]] inventae. Ab anno [[1793]] in documentis relatus est;&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|id=Rézeau (2001)}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Larousse gastronomique]]'' anno 1938 &quot;''Picodon de Dieulefit''&quot; (i.e. oppidi cuius nomen est [[Deusfecit]]) commendat, &quot;caseolus [[Delphinatus Viennensis|Delphinatus]], quem comedere licet inter Maium et Decembrem&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|id=Montagné (1938)}}; cf. recentius &quot;[https://www.tentationfromage.fr/fromage/picodon-de-dieulefit.html Fromage Picodon De Dieulefit]&quot; apud ''Tentation Fromage'' (situm commercialem)&lt;/ref&gt; Nomen Francogallicae regionalis mutuatum est ex [[lingua Occitanica|Occitanica]] ''picooudou''.&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|id=Boissier (1863)}}&lt;/ref&gt; Caseus ''picodon'' anno [[1885]] sicut productus oppidi [[Chauzon]] describitur: &quot;Ibi conficiuntur caseoli caprini, ''picodons'' nuncupati, deliciae incolarum&quot;  (''On y fait de petits fromages de chèvre, appelés picodons, qui font les délices des gourmets de la contrée''.&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|id=Francus (1885)}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

==Appellatio Originis Protecta==
Caseus sub hoc nomine in civitatibus Europaeis venundatus debet in regione delimitata et in modis definitis fieri. Caseus ''Picodon'' anno [[1983]] [[Appellatio Originis Verificata|appellationem in Francia verificatam]] portabat et ab anno [[2009]] [[Appellatio Originis Protecta|appellationem in Europa protectam]] habebit.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
* &quot;[https://www.ledauphine.com/magazine-cuisine-et-vins/2022/07/18/a-table-le-picodon-de-dieulefit-un-petit-fromage-de-caractere À table: Le picodon de Dieulefit, un petit fromage de caractère]&quot; in ''Le Dauphiné libéré'' (18 Iulii 2022)
* ''Inventaire du patrimoine culinaire de la France: Rhône-Alpes'' (1997) pp. 364-366
* {{ec|id=Boissier (1863)|c= &quot;Picooudou&quot; in Auguste Boissier, ''Glossaire du patois de Die'' (1863) [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9761006z/f38 p. 36]}} (&quot;picooudou: petit fromage&quot;)
* {{ec|id=Francus (1885)|c= Docteur Francus, ''Voyage archéologique et pittoresque ... le long de la rivière d'Ardèche'' (Tolosae: Privas, 1885) [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k86305471/f90 p. 80]}}
* {{ec|id=Montagné (1938)|c= [[Prosper Montagné]], ''[[Larousse gastronomique]]'' (Lutetiae: Larousse, 1938) p. 808}}
* {{ec|id=Rézeau (2001)|c= &quot;Picodon&quot; in Pierre Rézeau, ed., ''Dictionnaire des régionalismes de France'' (Bruxelles: Duculot, 2001) pp. 775-776}}

==Nexus externi==
* &quot;[https://www.leguidedufromage.com/picodon-io78.html Picodon (AOP)]&quot; apud ''Le Guide du fromage''
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20081202012709/http://www.cniel.com/site.asp?where=prodlait/appell/AOC31.html De appellationibus lacticiniis Francicis] {{Ling|Francogallice}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080913083008/http://www.fromages-aop.com/ De appellationibus lacticiniis] {{Ling|Francogallice}}
* [https://www.picodon-aop.fr/ Situs appellationis ''picodon'']
*[http://fetedupicodon.com/ Situs feriarum ''picodon'']; [https://www.ladrometourisme.com/lactudrome/fete-traditionnelle/fete-du-picodon/ Feriae ''Picodon''] apud situm peregrinatorum

{{Alimenta-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Casei Francici]]
[[Categoria:Appellatio Originis Protecta]]
[[Categoria:Casei caprini]]
[[Categoria:Gastronomia Delphinatus]]
[[Categoria:Deusfecit]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Reblochon</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>56482</id>
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      <text bytes="2539" sha1="hr0336vwpe0abomopki0kdoti8wufas" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Reblochon AOC.jpg|thumb|Caseus ''Reblochon'']]
'''Reblochon''' est nomen varietatis [[caseus|casei]] bubuli in [[Sabaudia]] inventae. Hic caseus admodum recens et lente fluens formam rotulae habet, diametro usque ad 14 cm, largitudine vel 3 cm, pondere aut 250 aut 500 gm. Etiam caseoli nomine ''Petit Reblochon'' conficiuntur.

== Appellatio Originis Protecta ==
Caseus sub hoc nomine in civitatibus Europaeis venundatus debet in regione delimitata et in modis definitis fieri. Caseus ''Reblochon'' vel ''Reblochon de Savoie'' ab anno [[1958]] [[Appellatio Originis Verificata|appellationem in Francia verificatam]] portabat et ab anno [[2009]] [[Appellatio Originis Protecta|appellationem in Europa protectam]] monstrabit. Casei in fundis confecti (''[[Reblochon fermier]]'') pittacium viride, in officinis (''[[Reblochon fruitier]]'') rutilum habent.

== Bibliographia ==
* Nicole Maurice-Guilleux, &quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/annor_0570-1600_1995_hos_26_1_2280 Étymologie synchronique et diachronique : le cas de reblochon]&quot; in ''Cahier des Annales de Normandie'' n° 26 (1995) pp. 347-354
* S. Montigaud, &quot;[https://journals.openedition.org/rga/3175 Le reblochon du Reposoir, du mythe à l’AOC. Discours et controverses autour de l’invention d’un fromage de Haute-Savoie]&quot; in ''Revue de géographie alpine'' (2016)

== Nexus externi ==
{{Commonscat}}
*[http://www.reblochon.fr/ Situs officialis] {{Ling|Francogallice}}
*[http://www.marque-savoie.com/fromages_reblochon.php De caseis Sabaudiensibus]{{Nexus deficit|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Ling|Francogallice}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20081221020715/http://www.specialites-de-savoie.com/fromageUK.htm De caseis ''Reblochon fermier'', ''Reblochon fruitier'', ''Petit Reblochon''] {{Ling|Anglice}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20081202012709/http://www.cniel.com/site.asp?where=prodlait/appell/AOC31.html De appellationibus lacticiniis Francicis] {{Ling|Francogallice}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080913083008/http://www.fromages-aop.com/ De appellationibus lacticiniis] {{Ling|Francogallice}}
* Marc-Jérôme Hassid, &quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230413155703/https://geoconfluences.ens-lyon.fr/geoconfluences/doc/territ/FranceMut/FranceMutDoc5.htm Le terroir, un territoire hybride. L’exemple des fromages des Alpes du Nord]&quot; (2005) apud ''Géoconfluences''

{{Alimenta-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Casei Francici]]
[[Categoria:Appellatio Originis Protecta]]
[[Categoria:Gastronomia Sabauda]]
[[Categoria:Casei bubuli]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Peronet Lamy</title>
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      <text bytes="4365" sha1="63wwiwll120v0ofdxxu5hi7x5yxtflj" xml:space="preserve">{{L1}}
[[Fasciculus:Notitia Dignitatum - Comes per Isauriam.jpg|thumb|left|Provincia [[Isauria]] in libro ''[[Notitia dignitatum]]'' picta]]
'''Peronet Lamy''' (aliter ''Perenet lenlumineur'', scilicet &quot;Perenet illuminator&quot;; mortuus ante mensem Iulium anni [[1453]]) fuit pictor librorum manu scriptorum qui in [[Ducatus Sabaudiae|aula Sabaudiensi]] laboravit. Natus est fortasse [[St.Claudius (Iura)|St.Claudii]] in [[Bressia]], tunc ducibus Sabaudiensibus tributa, hodie civitati [[Francia]]e (ibi enim frater eius Iohannes anno 1453 habitabat).

Libros qui sequuntur Peronet Lamy creditur illuminavisse:
* [[Apocalypsis]], liber cum [[Iohannes Baptitor|Iohanne Baptitore]] duci [[Amadeus VIII (dux Sabaudiae)|Amadeo VIII]] annis [[1432]]-[[1434]] factus; hodie [[Bibliotheca Escorialis|Escorialis]] [[Escorial E.Vit.5|MS E.Vit.5]]
* [[Horae (genus librorum)|Horae]], liber cum aliis ducissae [[Anna de Leziniano (ducissa Sabaudiae)|Annae de Leziniano]] anno 1434 factus
* [[Evangelium]], liber cum [[Iohannes de Monterchio|Iohanne de Monterchio]] [[Petrus Donato|Petro Donato]] anno [[1436]] factus&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110720101727/http://imagesvr.library.upenn.edu/cgi/i/image/image-idx?type=detail&amp;cc=fisher&amp;entryid=X-v057717&amp;viewid=1&amp;sstrt=4&amp;hits=19&amp;q1=betraying%20&amp;cat1=Subject%20Headings&amp;thsz=12&amp;txsz=50&amp;slsz=1&amp;c=fisher Maestro di Pietro Donato: Gospel Lectionary.]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Notitia dignitatum]]'' et ''[[De rebus bellicis]]'', liber cum aliis pro Petro Donato anno 1436 factus;&lt;ref&gt;[[:commons:Category:Bodleian Library, Notitia Dignitatum 1436]]; [https://web.archive.org/web/20080716033900/http://www.ouls.ox.ac.uk/bodley/library/specialcollections/western_rarebooks/medieval ''Classical &amp; Medieval MSS - Bodleian Library'' apud www.ouls.ox.ac.uk]. Vide etiam: Michael Vickers, &quot;Mantegna and Constantinople&quot; in ''The Burlington Magazine'' vol. 118 no. 883 (1976) p. 683.&lt;/ref&gt; hodie [[Bibliotheca Bodleiana|Bodleiana]] [[Bodley Canon.Misc.378|MS Canon.Misc.378]]&lt;!-- In 1440 Lamy made (or was paid for) an &quot;ystoire de Nostre Dame et la premiere letter et la vignette entour&quot;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;story of [[Mary, mother of Jesus|Our Lady]] and the first letter and the [[Vignette (graphic design)|vignette]] inside&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; as part of a book of hours for [[Yolande of France]], the young fiancée of the future [[Amadeus IX of Savoy|Amadeus IX]]. His next major work as an unidentified [[psalter]] and then, in Novembre 1443, unspecified ''aucunes enlumineures'', for which the Savoyard court paid him five gold [[ducat]]s.&lt;ref name=edmunds137/&gt; These illuminations have been identified as those of the [[Royal Missal]], commissioned by [[Louis, Duke of Savoy|Duke Louis]] and given to his father, Felix V.&lt;ref name=edmunds138/&gt; Peronet Lamy has also been identified with the master of the ''[[Champion des Dames]]'', and with the creator of the [[Archives Missal]], another missal for Felix V.&lt;ref name=edmunds137/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;These identifications, first proposed by Edmunds (1964), are generally accepted today, see, for instance, Brigitte Buettner (2001), &quot;Past Presents: New Year's Gifts at the Valois Courts, ca. 1400,&quot; ''The Art Bulletin'', '''83'''(4), 617.&lt;/ref&gt; 

Lamy's work for Felix can be dated to before 1445, as financial troubles past that date would have precluded any more commissions.&lt;ref&gt;Anne H. Van Buren (1974), &quot;Playing Cards and Manuscripts: Some Widely Disseminated Fifteenth-Century Model Sheets,&quot; ''The Art Bulletin'', '''56'''(1), 25.&lt;/ref&gt; Lamy's final recorded work was on a [[breviary]] for Duke Louis (''c''.1452). The ''Champion'', written ''c''.1441–2 by [[Martin Le Franc]], contains the earliest known portrait of [[Philip the Bold]].&lt;ref&gt;Edmunds, 131.&lt;/ref&gt; --&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;div class=&quot;references-small&quot;&gt;&lt;references /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
* [http://www.answers.com/topic/peronet-lamy-1 &quot;Peronet Lamy&quot;] apud answers.com
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131216182707/http://www.library.arizona.edu/exhibits/illuman/15_07.html Apocalipsis figurado de las duques de Saboya: Madrid, Escorial, Biblioteca Monasterio San Lorenzo, MS E., Vitrina 5]

== Bibliographia ==
* Sheila Edmunds, &quot;The Missals of Felix V and Early Savoyard Illumination&quot; in ''The Art Bulletin'' vol. 46 ii (1964)

[[Categoria:Nati saeculo 14 aut 15]]
[[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 15]]
[[Categoria:Artifices Sabaudiae]]
[[Categoria:Pictores librorum]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mumia</title>
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      <text bytes="2893" sha1="4fhvdleadidpssoh36ubym6jml8pz4d" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Momias de Llullaillaco en la Provincia de Salta (Argentina).jpg|thumb|250px|Mumia ''[[Llullaillaco]]'' e [[Provincia Saltensis|Provincia Saltensi]] [[Argentina]]e.]]
[[Fasciculus:Ahmose-mummy-head.png|thumb|250px|''Mumia'' [[Amosis I]] in [[Museum Luxoriense|Museo Luxoriensi]] ostenta.]]
'''Mumia''' (-ae, ''f''),&lt;ref name=AK&gt;Vide e.g. [[Athanasius Kircher|Athanasii Kircher]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20130825141948/http://diglib.hab.de/drucke/15-9-quod-2f/start.htm ''Sphinx Mystagoga: sive Diatribe hieroglyphica, qua Mumiae, ex Memphiticis Pyramidum Adytis Erutae..''] 1676 (in ipso titulo et passim).&lt;/ref&gt; '''cadaver medicatum''',&lt;ref name=NSLO&gt;[[Ebbe Vilborg]]. ''Norstedts svensk-latinska ordbok''. Editio secunda ab anno 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; vel '''corpus mortuum conditum''',&lt;ref name=NSLO/&gt; est [[corpus]] exanimatum [[ars|arte]] aut [[natura]] a corruptione servatum.

== Etymologia ==
Verbum ''mumia'' a [[nomen substantivum|nomine]] [[Lingua Arabica|Arabico]] مومية ''mūmiyya'' '[[bitumen]]', derivatur, interea ''mūmiyya'' a nomine [[Lingua Persica Moderna|Persico]] موم ''mūm'' '[[cera]]'.&lt;ref&gt;Raja Tazi, ''Arabismen im Deutschen'' (1998), [http://books.google.com/books?id=GHaGxm4TZ5wC&amp;pg=PA226&amp;source=gbs_toc_r&amp;cad=0_0#PPA268,M1 pp. 268-269].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Online Etymology Dictionary (© 2001 Douglas Harper), lemma [http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=mummy 'mummy'].&lt;/ref&gt;

==Nexus interni==
*[[Autopsia]]
*[[Cadavera turbarii]]
*[[Oetzi]]
*[[Zingiber (cadaver medicatum)]]

==Bibliographia==
*Aufderheide, Arthur C. [[2003]]. ''The Scientific Study of Mummies.'' Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521818265.
*Barber, Elizabeth Wayland. [[1999]]. ''The Mummies of Ürümchi''. Londinii: Pan Books. Etiam: Novi Eboraci: W. W. Norton &amp; Company. ISBN 0393045218.
*Budge, E. A. Wallis. [[1925]]. ''The Mummy, A Handbook of Egyptian Funerary Archaeology.'' Novi Eboraci: Dover Publishing. 1989. ISBN 0486259285.
*Davis-Kimball, Jeannine, cum Mona Behan. [[2002]]. ''Warrior Women: An Archaeologist’s Search for History’s Hidden Heroines.'' Novi Eboraci: Warner Books. ISBN 0446679836.
*Ilkerson, Bill. [[2006]]. ''Wrap-It-Up: How My Lost Child Will Survive Us All''. Portlandiae: Eye of Raw Texts. ISBN 0439568277.
*Mallory, J. P., et Victor H. Mair. [[2000]]. ''The Tarim Mummies: Ancient China and the Mystery of the Earliest Peoples from the West''. Londinii: Thames &amp; Hudson. ISBN 0500051011.
*Pringle, Heather. [[2001]]. ''Mummy Congress: Science, Obsession, and the Everlasting Dead''. Penguin Books. ISBN 0140286691.
*Taylor, John H. [[2004]]. ''Mummy: the inside story''. Londinii: The British Museum Press. ISBN 0714119628.

==Nexus externi==
{{CommuniaCat|Mummies|mumias}}

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

[[Categoria:Cadavera medicata|!]]
[[Categoria:Historia antiqua]]
[[Categoria:Verba Arabica mutuata]]
[[Categoria:Mores mortis]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Theodoricus Maria Scherrer</title>
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      <text bytes="1429" sha1="o355ej6ha9tqmafng25bsu3ej8dwpa4" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidata}}

'''Theodoricus Maria Scherrer''' (natus die [[22 Ianuarii]] [[1959]] [[Versaliae]] in [[Francia]]), a die [[21 Maii]] [[2008]] [[episcopus]] [[Vallis Guidonis|Laval]] (Dioecesis Valleguidonensis), episcopus [[Dioecesis Elnensis|Elnensis]] die [[11 Aprilis]] [[2023]] nominatus est.

== Biographia ==
Breve tempore [[Medicina|medicinae]] studebat, sed die [[26 Iunii]] [[1988]] [[presbyter]] ordinatus est. [[Roma]]e, cappellanus in ecclesia ''Sancti Aloysii Francicorum'' fuit.

Episcopus [[Vallis Guidonis|Vallis Guidonensis]] die [[6 Iulii]] [[2008]] ab [[Archiepiscopus|Archiepiscopo]] [[Petrus d'Ornellas|Petro d'Ornellas]] consacratus est.

== Pinacotheca ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Fasciculus:BISHOP-scherrer.jpg|Episcopus Scherrer, die consacratione eius, in ecclesia Nostrae Dominae apud [[Pons Menii|Pontis Menii]].
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Thierry Scherrer|Theodoricum Mariam Scherrer}}
{{Fontes biographici}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080916094846/http://diocese-laval.cef.fr/ Pagina officialis Dioeceseos Vallis Guidonensis tempore Theodorici Scherrer]
* {{CathHierBishop|scherrer|Theodoricus Maria Scherrer}}

{{bio-stipula}}
{{Episcopi Elnenses}}
{{Episcopi Valleguidonenses}}
{{Anni vitae|1959||Scherrer, Theodoricus Maria}}

[[Categoria:Incolae Franciae]]
[[Categoria:Episcopi Ecclesiae Catholicae]]
[[Categoria:Episcopi Valleguidonenses]]
[[Categoria:Episcopi Elnenses]]</text>
      <sha1>o355ej6ha9tqmafng25bsu3ej8dwpa4</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Provincia Mediolanensis</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>67030</id>
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      <text bytes="5101" sha1="8ruuzmukfvzsoz11w7jsszpab2hvsqe" xml:space="preserve">{{pro pagina discretiva vide|Mediolanum (discretiva)}}
{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}
[[Fasciculus:Milano - palazzo Isimbardi - facciata.jpg|thumb|Palatium &quot;Isimbaldi&quot;, sedes provincialis]]
'''Provincia Mediolanensis''' ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]] ''Provincia di Milano'') erat provincia [[Italia]]e usque ad diem [[31 Decembris]] [[2014]], in regione [[Langobardia]] sita, cuius caput fuit urbs [[Mediolanum]] et cuius signum fuit '''MI'''. 

== Historia ==
Die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2015]] provincia abrogata est; in locum eius successit '''[[Urbs metropolitana Mediolanensis]]'''.

== Municipia in Provincia Mediolanensi ==
Municipia Provinciae Mediolanensis cum urbe, a die [[7 Iunii]] [[2009]] usque ad diem [[31 Decembris]] [[2014]] '''134''' fuerunt:
{{Div col|cols=3}}
# '''[[Mediolanum]]'''
# [[Abiatum]],
# [[Agellum (Langobardia)|Agellum]],
# [[Albairatum]],
# [[Anticiacum]],
# [[Arconatum]],
# [[Aresium]],
# [[Arlunum]],
# [[Assagum]],
# [[Auzanum]],
# [[Barenzatum]],
# [[Baradigium]],
# [[Basilianum (Langobardia)|Basilianum]],
# [[Basilium]],
# [[Bibianum (Langobardia)|Bibianum]],
# [[Biliciagum]],
# [[Binascum]],
# [[Brinatum]],
# [[Besatum]],
# [[Bofalora (Provincia Mediolanensis)|Bofalora]],
# [[Bollatum]],
# [[Brixium]],
# [[Buccinascum]],
# [[Buscatum]],
# [[Busserum]],
# [[Bustum Garulfi]],
# [[Callugatum]],
# [[Calvignascum]],
# [[Cambiacum]],
# [[Canegratum]],
# [[Carpianum]],
# [[Casarile]],
# [[Cassianum (Langobardia)|Cassianum]],
# [[Cassina (Provincia Mediolanensis)|Cassina]],
# [[Cassina de Piro]],
# [[Cassinetta de Lucaniano]],
# [[Castanum]],
# [[Cerrum (Langobardia)|Cerrum]],
# [[Cerrum de Parabiago]],
# [[Cesatum]],
# [[Cinixellum Balsemum]],
# [[Cisnusculum Asinarium]],
# [[Cixillianum]],
# [[Colonium (Provincia Mediolanensis)|Colonium]],
# [[Congorciola]],
# [[Cornaletum]],
# [[Corsicum]],
# [[Cortemanum]],
# [[Cosourezum]],
# [[Cucionum]],
# [[Culturanum]],
# [[Curbitum]],
# [[Cusanum (Langobardia)|Cusanum]],
# [[Cusiacum]],
# [[Dairagum]],
# [[Darexanum]],
# [[Eburonum]],
# [[Fanum Sancti Columbani (Langobardia)|Fanum Sancti Columbani]],
# [[Fanum Sancti Donati (Langobardia)|Fanum Sancti Donati]],
# [[Fanum Sancti Iuliani (Urbs metropolitana Mediolanensis)|Fanum Sancti Iuliani]],
# [[Fanum Sancti Stephani (Provincia Mediolanensis)|Fanum Sancti Stephani]],
# [[Fanum Sancti Victoris (Langobardia)|Fanum Sancti Victoris]],
# [[Fanum Sancti Zenonis (Provincia Mediolanensis)|Fanum Sancti Zenonis]],
# [[Garbaniatum Marcidum]] seu [[Garbaniate Marcidum]],
# [[Gazanum]],
# [[Gizanum]],
# [[Glassiatum]],
# [[Gratiagum]],
# [[Gudum (Italia)|Gudum]],
# [[Lactarella]],
# [[Ladenatum]],
# [[Ledegnanum]] seu [[Legnanum]],
# [[Leucatum]],
# [[Liscatum]],
# [[Magniagum]],
# [[Marcallum cum Caseone]],
# [[Maxatum]],
# [[Mazenta (Italia)|Mazenta]] vel [[Masenta (Italia)|Masenta]],
# [[Melonianum]] vel [[Melenianium]],
# [[Meltium]],
# [[Meserum]],
# [[Metilia]],
# [[Morimundum]],
# [[Motta Vicecomitum]],
# [[Nervianum]],
# [[Nosatum]],
# [[Novatum (Provincia Mediolanensis)|Novatum]],
# [[Novilium]],
# [[Ossona]],
# [[Opera (Italia)|Opera]],
# [[Padernum Dugnanum]],
# [[Palus (Langobardia)|Palus]],
# [[Pantelliatum]],
# [[Parabiagum]],
# [[Pessianum cum Buronaco]],
# [[Piscaria (Langobardia)|Piscaria]],
# [[Plautellum]],
# [[Plebs Leucatensis]],
# [[Polianum]],
# [[Pozolum (Italia)|Pozolum]] ,
# [[Pregniana]],
# [[Puteus (Langobardia)|Puteus]],
# [[Reschaldina]],
# [[Rhaudum]],
# [[Rodanum]],
# [[Rosatum]],
# [[Rozanum]],
# [[Rubecculum cum Induno]],
# [[Rubeccum (Provincia Mediolanensis)|Rubeccum]],
# [[Saterianum]],
# [[Secratum]],
# [[Senagum]],
# [[Septara]],
# [[Septimus ab Urbe Lapis (Mediolanum)|Septimus ab Urbe Lapis]] seu [[Ad Septimum Lapidem ab Mediolano]],
# [[Sextus ab Urbe Lapis (Mediolanum)|Sextus ab Urbe Lapis]] seu [[Ad Sextum Lapidem ab Mediolano]],
# [[Solarium (Italia)|Solarium]],
# [[Sotena]] vel [[Sotera (Langobardia)|Sotera]],
# [[Trebianum]],
# [[Trezzanum (in Naviculum)|Trezzanum]],
# [[Trezzanum (Rosa)|Trezzanum]],
# [[Tritium]],
# [[Trochazanum]],
# [[Turbigum]],
# [[Venzagulum]],
# [[Venzagum]],
# [[Vaprium]],
# [[Vermetium]],
# [[Vernatum]],
# [[Vicus Modronus]],
# [[Vicus Todonius]],
# [[Vighezolum]],
# [[Villa Curtensis]],
# [[Vineatum]],
# [[Zibidum]].
{{Div col end}}

== Terrae historicae ==
* [[Ager Martesanus]],
* [[Brigantia (Italia)|Brigantia]],
* [[Glarea Abduae]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.it/books?id=eodYAAAAcAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=it&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Memorie spettanti alla storia, al governo ed alla descrizione della città, e della campagna di Milano, ne' secoli bassi, Volume 9 (Google eBook) conte Giorgio Giulini, Stamperia di G. Bianchi, 1760]&lt;/ref&gt;,
* [[Insubria]].

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

{{NexInt}}
* [[Provinciae Italiae abrogatae]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Province of Milan|Provinciam Mediolanensem}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20141218190737/http://www.provincia.milano.it/ Situs publicus] {{Ling|Lingua Italiana{{!}}Italiane}}

{{geo-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Provincia Mediolanensis| ]]
[[Categoria:Mediolanum]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Piodasses</title>
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      <text bytes="13830" sha1="ovxthtaa6vebfomi0h3t9jt7wj0mjie" xml:space="preserve">{{capsa principis Vicidata}}
{{Latinitas|-3}}
'''Piodasses''' ([[Graece]] Πιοδάσσης,&lt;ref&gt;Carlo Gallavotti, &quot;[http://www.jstor.org/stable/29754137 The Greek Version of the Kandahar Bilingual Inscription of Aśoka]&quot;, ''East and West'' 10, no. 3, p. 185.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Sanscritice]] अशोक {{IAST|Aśoka}} unde [[Latine|nostra lingua]] &quot;Aśokus&quot; legere possumus) (c. [[304 a.C.n.|304]]–[[232 a.C.n.]]), fuit [[Imperator]] [[Imperium Mauryanum|Mauryanus]], qui paene totum [[Subcontinens Indicus|subcontinentem Indicum]] ab anno fere [[273 a.C.n.]] ad [[232 a.C.n.|232]] [[rex]]it. [[Filius]] fuit [[Bindusara]]e, [[nepos]] igitur [[Candragupta Maurya|Candraguptae]], qui hoc [[imperium]] nactus est anno [[322 a.C.n.]], [[domus|domumque]] imperii Mauryani condidit. [[India]]e maiorem partem Piodasses a [[pater|patre]] recepit, ipseque [[regnum]] magnopere extendit; postremo [[Kalinga (India)|Kalingam]] in [[oriens|orientalibus]] Indiae partibus expugnavit.&lt;!--Verba Latinizanda|Haec expeditio cruentes disque cadaveribus fuit, aerumna et miseria, quae cum exstiterunt, Piodassem in gravitati mentis labefecit.--&gt; Piodasses victoriam [[res militaris|militarem]] esse inutilem agnovit, et sola victoriam [[dharma|dhammae]] discrimen fecit. Is confessionem [[Buddhismus|Buddhisticam]] expressit, et se apud [[bellum|bella]] nova omisit.
[[Fasciculus:Mauryan Empire Map.gif|thumb|upright=1.4|left|[[Imperium Mauryanum]] sub Piodasse ab [[Irania]], [[Pakistania]], [[Afganistania]] in [[occidens|occidenti]] ad [[Bangladesha]] et Indam [[Assamia]]m civitatem in [[oriens|orienti]], et ad [[meridies|meridiem]] usque [[Tamil Nadu]] in [[Karnataka]] [[India Meridiana|Indiae Meridianae]] patuit.]]

Saepe appellatus [[unus]] ex Indiae [[Tellus|mundique]] gravissimorum imperatorum, Piodasses post multas victorias militares paene totam terram quae hodiernam constitit Indiam rexit. Eius imperium a terra nunc appellata [[Irania]], [[Pakistania]], et [[Afganistania]] in [[occidens|occidenti]] ad [[Bangladesha]] et Indam [[Assamia]]m civitatem in orienti, et ad meridiem usque [[brahmagiri]] in [[Karnataka]] patuit. Regnum dictum Kalingam vicit, quod nemo suae domus, ne [[Candragupta Maurya]] quidem, vicerat. Suum [[caput (urbs)|caput]] fuit [[Magadha]], fortasse in civitate nunc appellata [[Bihar]].&lt;ref&gt;Sed Ranajit Pal (2002) indicat primam Magadhae mentionem esse in [[Edicta Piodassis|Edictis Piodassis]], inter [[septentrio]]nes et occasum solis spectanti, et prima Magadha fuisse in in [[Baluchistania]], in [[regio]]ne ad occidentem vergenti. Tota reliquiarum Mauryarum Nandarumque absentia in regione Patna monstrat hoc probabiliter non fuisse Piodassis [[caput (urbs)|caput]].&lt;/ref&gt;

Visis necibus accumulatis belli [[Kalinga (India)|Kalingae]], quod ipse ex appetitu victoriae gesserat, is [[Buddhismus|Buddhismum]] doctrinae [[Veda|Vedicae]] amplectus, se dedicavit ad Buddhismum trans [[Asia]]m propagandum et monumenta construxit ad gravissimos [[Gautama Buddha|Gautamae Buddhae]] situs designandos. Piodasses porro se consecravit ad studium [[ahimsa]]e ([[inviolentia|non violentiae]]), [[amor]]is, [[veritas|veritatis]], [[tolerantia]]e, et [[vegetarianismus|vegetarianismi]]. [[Historia|Historici]] eum arbitrantur administratorem [[philanthropia|philanthropicum]], et is ergo in [[historia Indica]] appellatur &quot;imperator omnium saeculorum&quot; et &quot;imperator imperatorum&quot; (''samrath [[chakravartin]]'').

Cognomen Aśokus e verbo ''aśokae,'' quod [[Sanscritice]] significat 'sine [[dolor]]e', ex verbis ''a'' 'nullus, sine' et ''soka'' 'dolor, maeror, anxietas, cura'. In suis [[Edicta Asoki|edictis]], appellatur &quot;Devānāmpriya&quot; ([[Devanāgarī]] देवानांप्रिय) ''Devānaṃpiya'' 'amatus deorum') et &quot;Priyadarśin&quot; ([[Devanāgarī]] प्रियदर्शी ''Piyadassī'' 'qui unumquemque suaviter respicit'. Alius eius titulus est ''Dhamma'' ([[Prakrite]] धम्मः 'legitimus, pius, probus').
[[Fasciculus:India 1947 Ashoka Lions 1 and half annas.jpg|thumb|Primum [[pittacium cursuale]] ab [[India]] editum, anno [[1947]], ubi videtur capitulum columnae a Piodasse erectae, quattuor leonibus ornatae.  Eadem imago est in pluribus nummis Indicis.]]

[[H. G. Wells]], notissimus [[Regnum Britanniarum|Regni Britanniarum]] [[scriptor]] et [[criticus socialis]], in magno eius opere ''[[The Outline of History]]'' ([[1920]]), de Piodasse scripsit:
:Fuerunt in [[historia mundi]] milia regum imperatorumque qui se appellaverunt &quot;eorum altitudines,&quot; &quot;eorum maiestates,&quot; &quot;eorum elatissimae maiestates,&quot; et cetera. Breve temporis punctum fulserunt, et tam breviter e conspectu evanuerunt; sed Aśokus fulget, fulgetque splendide, splendida sicut [[stella]], usque adeo ad hodiernum diem.

Cum eius [[Edicta Piodassis|edictis]], eius [[fabula]] enarratur in ''[[Asokavadana|Aśokāvadāna]]'' ('Narratione Aśoki') et ''[[Divyavadana|Divyāvadāna]]'' ('Narratione divina') [[saeculum 2|saeculi secundi]] exeuntis, et in libro [[lingua Sinhala|Sinhalo]] ''[[Mahavamsa]]'' ('Annalibus Magnis'). Post fere duo millennia, eius potestas in [[Asia Meridionalis|Asia Meridionali]] et praecipue [[subcontinens Indicus|subcontinenti Indico]] iam videtur: insigne ex eius imperio effosso hodie est proprium [[insigne Indiae|Indiae insigne]], et in [[historia Buddhismi]], is gradum tenet tantum sub gradu ipsius [[Gautama Buddha|Gautamae Buddhae]].

==Vita==
[[Fasciculus:AsokaKandahar.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Inscriptio]] in linguis [[lingua Graeca|Graeca]] et [[lingua Aramaica|Aramaica]] a Piodasse rege scripta apud [[Kandahar]] (Shar-i-kuna). [[Kabul]] Museum.]]
Piodasses fuit [[filius]] [[Bindusara]]e, imperatoris [[Imperium Mauryanum|Mauryani]], et Dharmae, reginae gradus inferioris.&lt;ref&gt;Quamquam filia [[Brahmin]], vel Shubhadrangi, ea inferior aestimata est quia sanguinis regii non fuit.&lt;/ref&gt; Piodasse fuerunt nonnulli fratres maiores natu (omnes filii vitrici, ex aliis Bindusarae uxoribus) et solum unus frater minoris, Vitthashoka, puer amatissimus, ex eadem matre. Propter ingenii acumen et sollertias militares, Piodasses habetur fuisse deliciae avi, [[Candragupta Maurya|Candraguptae Mauryae]]. Secundum fabulam, cum Candragupta, [[Iainismus|Iainista]] vivere volens, singulare imperio se abdicaret, suum gladium abiecit, quod invenit conservavitque Piodasses.

[[Ksatriya|Kśatriya]] natus, Piodasses regiam educationem militarem doctrinamque [[Veda|Vedicam]] accepit, sed adulescens fuit improbus importunusque, venator impavidus. Multi historici dicunt eum non fuisse delicatum, sed corpore robustum. Tradunt eum potuisse [[leo]]nem vel [[tigris|tigridem]] solum virga lignea interficere, [[elephas|elephantem]] capulo cultri, armatos quoque milites vincere manibus nudis. Sollers fuit [[gladius|gladio]]; sic armatus, quemquam potuit superare. Dux militum formidolosus durusque, missus est ad motum apud urbem [[Avanti (India)|Avanti]] exstinguendum. Nonnulli historici subiciunt eum suos fratres necavisse ut se imperium adsequatur.

===Mors et legatum===
Piodasses fere quadraginta annos rexit. Piodasse mortuo, domus Mauryanus solum quinquaginta annos superfuit. Ashoka multos [[uxor]]es et [[liberi|liberos]] habuit.

==Chronologia vitae Piodassis (annis a.C.n.)==
* 304, natus
* 286, coniugium cum Maharani devi
* 284, natus [[Mahindra]]e
* 281, natus [[Sanghamitta]]e
* 272–273, initium eius regni 
* 270, Rajyabhisheka
* 266, inclinatio ad Buddhismum
* 266–263, aedificatio Chaityas
* 264, Mahindra et Sanghamitta fiunt Buddhistae
* 263–262, Kalinga Vijaya
* 263, sententia [[Buddhism]]i
* 263–250, Dharmayatra
* 253–250, [[Tertium Buddhistorum Concilium]]
* 252, Yatra Mahindrae [[Srilanka]]
* 250 ad mortem, proselytismus Buddhisticus
* 243–242, edicta
* 236, Rani Tishyaraksha fit Pattarani
* 233, Princeps [[Kunal]] fit Upraja
* 232, mors ~ nirvana&lt;!--
(Some historians say Ashoka embranced buddhism in 266 BCE but became a true follower of buddhism after Conquest of Kalinga, 262 BCE or 263 BCE).--&gt;

===Columnae Piodassis (Ashokstambha)===
[[Fasciculus:Iron Pillar, Delhi, May 2008.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Columna ferrea [[Dellium|Dellii]] [[India]]e.]]
[[Fasciculus:6thPillarOfAshoka.JPG|thumb|upright=0.8|Edicta Piodassis: sexta columna, anno [[238 a.C.n.]], [[Sanscritice]] scripta in [[scriptura Brahmi|litteris Brahmi]], nunc in [[Museum Britannicum|Museo Britannico]].]]
[[Fasciculus:Ashoka Chakra.svg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Asoka Cakra]], Rota Probitatis ([[Sanscritice]]: ''Dharma'' ; [[Pali]]: ''Dhamma'').]]

=== Constructiones a Piodasse aedificatae ===
* [[Sanchi]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]]
* [[Dhamek Stupa]], [[Sarnath]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]
* [[Mahabodhi Templum]], [[Bihar]], [[India]]
* [[Barabar Cavernae]], [[Bihar]], [[India]]
* [[Nalanda]] Universitas, (partes sicut [[Sariputta Stupa]]), [[Bihar]], [[India]]
* [[Taxila]] Universitas (Vishwaviddyalaya), (partes sicut [[Dharmarajika]] Stupa et Kunala Stupa), [[Taxila]], [[Pakistania]]
* [[Bhir Agger]], (retractatum), [[Taxila]], [[Pakistania]]
* [[Bharhut]] [[stupa]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]]
* [[Deorkothar]] Stupa, [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]]
* [[Butkara Stupa]] ,[[Swat (Pakistania)|Swat]]

== Sententiae ==
=== Piodassis ipsius ===
* Omnes sunt filii mei. Id quod volo filios meos habere est salus et felicitas, et hoc in mundo et in proximo; hic volo omnes habere. Nequis intelligere quam vehementer hoc volo, et, si quis inter vos intellegitis, totam vim voluntatis meae non intellegitis.&lt;!-- * All men are my children. What I desire for my own children, and I desire their welfare and happiness both in this world and the next, which I desire for all men. You do not understand to what extent I desire this, and if some of you do understand, you do not understand the full extent of my desire. --&gt;

== Pinacotheca ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Image:EdictsOfAshoka.jpg|Loci edictorum Ashokae
Image:Sarnath1.jpg|Stupa Dhamek
Image:Bharhut Stupa.JPG|Stupa Bharhut (ruinae). &lt;!--seen in back is the lal pahadi (red mountain)--&gt;
Image:CunninghamMauryan.jpg|[[Architectura]] [[Domus Mauryana]]e in [[Barabar Montes|Barabar Montibus]]
Image:Kalinga battlefield daya river dhauli hills.jpg|Despectus in ripas [[Daya Flumen|Daya Fluminis]]&lt;!--, also the supposed battlefield of Kalinga from atop Dhauli hills--&gt;
Image:Sanchi.jpg|Porta septentrionalis Magnae Sanchi Stupae
Image:MauryaStupa.jpg|[[Stupa Butkara]], saeculi tertiae a.C.n. [[Stupa]]e [[Buddhismus|Buddhisticae]] temporis Mauryani fuerunt tumuli simplices, sine ornatu
Image:Asoka Kaart.png|[[Proselytismus]] [[Buddhismus|Buddhisticus]] temporis Asokae
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Fontes de vita et regno Piodassis ==
* ''[[Asokavadana|Aśokāvadāna]]''
* [[Edicta Asoki]]

{{NexInt}}
{{div col|2}}
* [[Bellum Kalinga]]
* [[Bindusara]]
* [[Buddhismus]]
* [[Caput Leonis Asokae]]
* [[Cakravarti]]
* [[Candragupta Maurya]]
* [[Dasaratha Maurya]]
* [[Hinduismus]]
* [[Historia Buddhismi]]
* [[Historia Hinduismi]]
* [[Historia Indiae]]
* [[Index regum Indiae]]
* [[Jaugada]]
* [[Magadha]]
* [[Imperium Mauryanum]]
* [[Sisupalgarh]]
{{div col end}}

== Bibliographia ==
[[Fasciculus:Flag of India.svg|thumb|''Asoka Cakra'' in vexillo Indiae hodiernae visus]]
* Bongard-Levin, G. M. [[1986]]. ''Mauryan India.'' Stosius Inc/Advent Books Division. ISBN 0-86590-826-5.
* Chand Chauhan, Gian. [[2004]]. ''Origin and Growth of Feudalism in Early India: From the Mauryas to AD 650.'' Munshiram Manoharlal. ISBN 81-215-1028-7.
* Falk, Harry. [[2006]]. ''Asokan Sites and Artefacts: A Source-book with Bibliography.'' Mainz : Philipp von Zabern. ISBN 978-3-8053-3712-0.
* Gokhale, Balkrishna Govind. [[1966]]. ''Asoka Maurya.'' Irvington Pub. ISBN 0-8290-1735-6.
* Keay, John. [[2001]]. ''India: A History.'' Grove Press. ISBN 0-8021-3797-0.
* Nilakanta Sastri, K. A. [[1952]], [[1967]]. ''Age of the Nandas and Mauryas.'' Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 0-89684-167-7.
* Pal, Ranajit. [[2002]]. ''Non-Jonesian Indology and Alexander.'' New Delhi.
* Sircar, Dineschandra. [[1967]]. ''Inscriptions of Aśoka.'' Editio retractata. New Delhi: Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India.
* Smith, Vincent Arthur. [[1997]]. ''Asoka, the Buddhist Emperor of India.'' New Delhi: Asian Educational Services.
* Swearer, Donald. [[1981]]. ''Buddhism and Society in Southeast Asia.'' Chambersburg, Pennsylvania: Anima Books. ISBN 0-89012-023-4.
* Thapar, Romila. [[1961]]. ''Aśoka and the Decline of the Mauryas.'' Dellii: Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-564445-X.

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Ashoka|Piodassem}}
{{Fontes biographici}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090517092558/http://www.bharatadesam.com/people/asoka.php Vita] Asoki
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090625093649/http://www.readthespirit.com/interfaith_heroes/2009/01/2nd-annual-interfaith-heroes-month-hero-no-11-ashoka.html Asoka honoratus vir inter fides apud ReadTheSpirit.com]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120923053250/http://www.buddhanet.net/pdf_file/king_asoka.pdf King Asoka and Buddhism. Studia historicalia et litteraria]
* [http://www.cs.colostate.edu/~malaiya/ashoka.html Biographia plena, cum gravissis Asokae vitae temporibus]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070405044341/http://www.csuchico.edu/~cheinz/syllabi/asst001/spring98/Ashoka.htm Vita Asokae Mauryae]
* [http://www.kamat.com/kalranga/budhist/asoka.htm Vita] brevis Asoki
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100114184035/http://boloji.com/history/001.htm Mythistoria] de Asoko
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120515101903/http://history-world.org/indian_empire.htm Imperium] primum Indicum, apud ''International World History Project''

[[Categoria:Nati 304 a.C.n.]]
[[Categoria:Mortui 232 a.C.n.]]
[[Categoria:Imperatores Indiae]]
[[Categoria:Maurya (familia)]]
{{1000 paginae}}
{{Myrias|Homines}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Rāmavaraṇa Yādava</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="1199" sha1="q2eeu4gki34dkai296bl2k71lwyffwu" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidata}}
[[Fasciculus:Dr. Ram Baran Yadav.jpg|thumb|right|Dr. Ram Baran Yadav]]
'''Rāmavaraṇa Yādava''' vel scriptura [[Devanagari]] रामवरण यादव (natus in Sapahi in provincia [[Dhanusha]] die [[4 Februarii]] [[1948]]) est medicus et politicus [[Nepalia|Nepalensis]]. A die [[21 Iulii]] [[2008]] est Rei Publicae Nepaliae primus Praeses. Alumnus est [[Collegium Medicum Calcuttense|Collegii Medici Calcuttensis]], [[Schola Medicinae Tropicalis Calcuttensis|Scholae Medicinae Tropicalis]] in eadem urbe, et [[Institutum Eruditionis Inquisitionisque Medicae Superius|Instituti Eruditionis Inquisitionisque Medicae Superius]] iuxta [[Candigarha]].

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111028103627/http://www.presidentofnepal.gov.np/ Situs praesidis officialis]

{{bio-stipula}}

{{Principes Nepaliae}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Yadava, Ramavarana}}

[[Categoria:Duces civitatum]]
[[Categoria:Politici Nepaliae]]
[[Categoria:Nati 1948]]
[[Categoria:Homines vivi]]
[[Categoria:Alumni Collegii Medici Calcuttensis]]
[[Categoria:Alumni Scholae Medicinae Tropicalis Calcuttensis]]
[[Categoria:Alumni Instituti Eruditionis Inquisitionisque Medicae Superioris]]</text>
      <sha1>q2eeu4gki34dkai296bl2k71lwyffwu</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Satelles artificialis</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>84417</id>
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      <comment>de statione spatiali</comment>
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      <text bytes="903" sha1="4b4o4mf8p2y1c7oil61fywsjhhlidbf" xml:space="preserve">{{Vehicula}}
'''Satelles artificialis'''&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Satelles artificialis&quot;: ''Leo's Vocabula''&lt;/ref&gt; est [[satelles]] ab hominibus creatus. 

== Historia ==
Primus satelles artificialis fuit [[Sputnik 1]], ab [[Unio Rerum Publicarum Sovieticarum Socialisticarum|Unione Sovietica]] factum.

== Constructio ==
Superficies satellitum artificialium ex [[metallum|metallis]] rebusque calefactis{{dubsig}} comparantur. Intra satellites [[ordinatrum|ordinatra]] et instrumenta [[radiophonia|radiophonica]] sunt. 

== Exempla ==
[[NAVSTAR-GPS]] est rete ex viginti septem satellitibus factum. Ab hoc reti omnes gubernatores cum instrumento [[communicatio]]nis satellitialis&lt;ref&gt;''Satellite broadcasting''.&lt;/ref&gt;{{convertimus}} per superficiem [[Tellus|Telluris]] cunctam gubernari possunt.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{NexInt}}
*[[Statio spatialis]]

[[Categoria:Satellites artificiales|!]]


{{Myrias|Technologia}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Saginatio (informatica)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="697" sha1="leazoe23e8wqnhamfqirzk5tbdfgn9z" xml:space="preserve">'''Saginatio'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20100921212003/http://www.obta.uw.edu.pl/~draco/docs/voccomp.html Vocabula computatralia].&lt;/ref&gt; (Anglice ''spam'') est variorum servitiorum illicitum [[Praeconium mercatorium|praeconium]] diversarumque mercium promiscua venditatio atque ostentatio, quae iniussu fiunt per [[Cursus electronicus|electrogrammata]] aliosque interretiales nuntios multifariam circummissos. 

Saginatio, si [[malware|programmata viralia]] celat, etiam cursum interretialem infestare [[periculum|periculoque]] obicere potest. 

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Categoria:Informatica]]
[[Categoria:Fallacia]]
[[Categoria:Fraus interretialis]]
[[Categoria:Programmata noxia]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mons Calerius</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>106499</id>
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      <text bytes="1752" sha1="pvsy28k23c4k290ym0gp8i9dp4k4doa" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}
[[Fasciculus:Moncalieri castel.jpg|thumb|Mons Calerius]]
'''Mons Calerius'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.it/books?id=UvsEaRJt0ZAC&amp;dq=Il+mondo+antico,+moderno,+e+novissimo,+tomo+1&amp;hl=it&amp;source=gbs_navlinks_s ''Il mondo antico, moderno, e novissimo'', Tomo primo, p. 268]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''DIZIONARIO GEOGRAFICO'' - Di GOFFREDO CASALIS, Voll. V.V., Torino 1833-1854&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Nomi d'Italia - AAVV, De Agostini&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Mons Calerii'''&lt;ref&gt;Nomi d'Italia - AAVV, De Agostini&lt;/ref&gt; (deinde ''Mons Calierus''&lt;ref&gt;Nomi d'Italia - AAVV, De Agostini&lt;/ref&gt;) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italice]]: ''[[:it:Moncalieri|Moncalieri]]'') est [[Urbes Italiae|Urbs]] [[Italia]]e et [[Commune Italiae|municipium]], circiter 55&amp;thinsp;650 incolarum, in [[Regio Italiae|Regione]] [[Pedemontium|Pedemontio]] et in [[Provincia Taurinensis|Provincia Taurinensi]] situm. Urbani ''Montecalerenses'' appellantur.

== Insigne ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Fasciculus:Corona di città.svg|''[[Urbs Italiae]]''
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Clari cives ==
* [[Clara Appendino]], a die [[20 Iunii]] anno [[2016]] demarcha [[Augusta Taurinorum|Augustae Taurinorum]].

== Aedificia egregia ==
* [[Castrum Montis Calerii]]

{{NexInt}}
* [[Pedemontium]] (''regio''),
* [[Provincia Taurinensis]],
* [[Augusta Taurinorum]] (''urbs''),
* [[Urbes Italiae]].

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100124125900/http://www.comune.moncalieri.to.it/ Situs publicus]
{{CommuniaCat|Moncalieri|Montem Calerium}}

== Pinacotheca ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Imago:Map - IT - Torino - Municipality code 1156.svg|Collocatio finium municipii in Provincia Taurinensi.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Urbes Italiae in Pedemontio]]
[[Categoria:Municipia in Urbe metropolitana Taurinensi]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mureș (circulus)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>107545</id>
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      <text bytes="611" sha1="hzh4gz8lux2i81sa7tsfqkaw5oh4tqw" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!-- Incipit data !--&gt;
{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:Provinz Mures Romania CIA2006.png|thumb|left|Circuli tabula]]
'''Mureș''' ([[Dacoromanice]] (''Județ Mureș'') est unus quadraginta duorum civitatis [[Romania]]e [[circulus (iurisdictio)|circulorum]]. [[Novum Forum Siculorum|Novo Foro Siculorum]], urbi huius circuli capitali, 581&amp;nbsp;628 incolarum anno 2009 erant.

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Mureș County|circulum Mureș}}

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20171115001519/http://cjmures.ro/ Pagina officialis]

{{geo-stipula}}

{{circuli Romaniae}}

[[Categoria:Circuli Romaniae]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Index communium praefecturae Vosegi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="22034" sha1="k35d3pc48d5aanxa2yhj0y2lf9gp6ee" xml:space="preserve">Hic est index [[commune|communium]] [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegi]] praefecturae [[Francia|Francicae]], cui subsunt communia 515 numero.

[[Fasciculus:Vosges-Position.png|thumb|Situs praefecturae]]
[[Fasciculus: Senones vu du Petit Paris.jpg|thumb|Despectus in ''[[ Senones ]]'']]

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! [[INSEE|Numerus INSEE]]
! [[Numerus cursualis]]
! [[Commune]]
|-
| 88001
| 88270
| [[Les Ableuvenettes]]
|- 
| 88002
| 88500
| [[Ahéville]]
|- 
| 88003
| 88140
| [[Aingeville]]
|- 
| 88004
| 88320
| [[Ainvelle (Vosegus)|Ainvelle]]
|- 
| 88005
| 88110
| [[Allarmont]]
|- 
| 88006
| 88500
| [[Ambacuria]]
|- 
| 88007
| 88410
| [[Ameuvelle]]
|- 
| 88008
| 88700
| [[Anglemont]]
|- 
| 88009
| 88650
| [[Anould]]
|- 
| 88010
| 88170
| [[Aouze]]
|- 
| 88011
| 88380
| [[Arches (Vosegus)|Arches]]
|- 
| 88012
| 88380
| [[Archettes]]
|- 
| 88013
| 88170
| [[Aroffe]]
|- 
| 88014
| 88430
| [[Arrentès-de-Corcieux]]
|- 
| 88015
| 88300
| [[Attignéville]]
|- 
| 88016
| 88260
| [[Attigny (Vosegus)|Attigny]]
|- 
| 88017
| 88300
| [[Aulnois]]
|- 
| 88019
| 88300
| [[Autigny-la-Tour]]
|- 
| 88020
| 88300
| [[Autreville (Vosegus)|Autreville]]
|- 
| 88021
| 88700
| [[Autrey (Vosegus)|Autrey]]
|- 
| 88022
| 88140
| [[Auzainvilliers]]
|- 
| 88023
| 88500
| [[Avillers (Vosegus)|Avillers]]
|- 
| 88024
| 88130
| [[Avrainville (Vosegus)|Avrainville]]
|- 
| 88025
| 88630
| [[Avranville]]
|- 
| 88026
| 88600
| [[Aidella]]
|- 
| 88027
| 88330
| [[Badménil-aux-Bois]]
|- 
| 88028
| 88460
| [[La Baffe]]
|- 
| 88029
| 88240
| [[La Vôge-les-Bains]]
|- 
| 88030
| 88270
| [[Bainville-aux-Saules]]
|- 
| 88031
| 88170
| [[Balléville]]
|- 
| 88032
| 88520
| [[Aquilina (Sanctus Deodatus)|Aquilina]]
|- 
| 88033
| 88210
| [[Ban-de-Sapt]]
|- 
| 88106
| 88230
| [[Ban-sur-Meurthe-Clefcy]]
|- 
| 88035
| 88640
| [[Barbey-Seroux]]
|- 
| 88036
| 88300
| [[Barville (Vosegus)|Barville]]
|- 
| 88037
| 88120
| [[Basse-sur-le-Rupt]]
|- 
| 88038
| 88130
| [[Battexey]]
|- 
| 88039
| 88500
| [[Baudricourt]]
|- 
| 88040
| 88150
| [[Bayecourt]]
|- 
| 88041
| 88270
| [[Bazegney]]
|- 
| 88042
| 88700
| [[Bazien]]
|- 
| 88043
| 88500
| [[Bazoilles-et-Ménil]]
|- 
| 88044
| 88300
| [[Bazoilles-sur-Meuse]]
|- 
| 88045
| 88300
| [[Beaufremont]]
|- 
| 88046
| 88600
| [[Beauménil]]
|- 
| 88047
| 88270
| [[Begnécourt]]
|- 
| 88048
| 88370
| [[Bellefontaine (Vosegus)|Bellefontaine]]
|- 
| 88049
| 88260
| [[Belmont-lès-Darney]]
|- 
| 88050
| 88600
| [[Belmont-sur-Buttant]]
|- 
| 88051
| 88800
| [[Belmont-sur-Vair]]
|- 
| 88052
| 88260
| [[Belrupt]]
|- 
| 88053
| 88210
| [[Belval (Vosegus)|Belval]]
|- 
| 88054
| 88520
| [[Bertrimoutier]]
|- 
| 88055
| 88450
| [[Bettegney-Saint-Brice]]
|- 
| 88056
| 88500
| [[Bettoncourt]]
|- 
| 88057
| 88490
| [[Le Beulay]]
|- 
| 88058
| 88170
| [[Biécourt]]
|- 
| 88059
| 88430
| [[Biffontaine]]
|- 
| 88060
| 88500
| [[Blémerey (Vosegus)|Blémerey]]
|- 
| 88061
| 88410
| [[Bleurville]]
|- 
| 88062
| 88320
| [[Blevaincourt]]
|- 
| 88063
| 88270
| [[Bocquegney]]
|- 
| 88064
| 88600
| [[Bois-de-Champ]]
|- 
| 88065
| 88260
| [[Bonvillet]]
|- 
| 88066
| 88500
| [[Boulaincourt]]
|- 
| 88068
| 88470
| [[La Bourgonce]]
|- 
| 88069
| 88270
| [[Bouxières-aux-Bois]]
|- 
| 88070
| 88130
| [[Bouxurulles]]
|- 
| 88071
| 88270
| [[Bouzemont]]
|- 
| 88073
| 88130
| [[Brantigny]]
|- 
| 88074
| 88350
| [[Brechainville]]
|- 
| 88075
| 88250
| [[La Bresse]]
|- 
| 88076
| 88600
| [[Brouvelieures]]
|- 
| 88077
| 88700
| [[Brû]]
|- 
| 88078
| 88600
| [[Bruerium]]
|- 
| 88079
| 88140
| [[Boloniacivilla]]
|- 
| 88080
| 88700
| [[Bult]]
|- 
| 88081
| 88540
| [[Bussang]]
|- 
| 88082
| 88110
| [[Celles-sur-Plaine]]
|- 
| 88083
| 88300
| [[Certilleux]]
|- 
| 88084
| 88130
| [[Chamagne]]
|- 
| 88085
| 88640
| [[Champdray]]
|- 
| 88086
| 88600
| [[Ducis Campus|Champ-le-Duc]]
|- 
| 88087
| 88000
| [[Chantraine (commune)|Chantraine]]
|- 
| 88088
| 88240
| [[La Chapelle-aux-Bois]]
|- 
| 88089
| 88600
| [[La Chapelle-devant-Bruyères]]
|- 
| 88090
| 88130
| [[Carpinia]]
|- 
| 88091
| 88460
| [[Charmois-devant-Bruyères]]
|- 
| 88092
| 88270
| [[Charmois-l'Orgueilleux]]
|- 
| 88093
| 88210
| [[Châtas]]
|- 
| 88094
| 88330
| [[Châtel-sur-Moselle]]
|- 
| 88095
| 88170
| [[Châtenois (Vosegus)|Châtenois]]
|- 
| 88096
| 88410
| [[Châtillon-sur-Saône]]
|- 
| 88097
| 88500
| [[Chauffecourt]]
|- 
| 88098
| 88390
| [[Chaumousey]]
|- 
| 88099
| 88150
| [[Chavelot]]
|- 
| 88100
| 88500
| [[Chef-Haut]]
|- 
| 88101
| 88460
| [[Cheniménil]]
|- 
| 88102
| 88630
| [[Chermisey]]
|- 
| 88103
| 88270
| [[Circourt]]
|- 
| 88104
| 88300
| [[Circourt-sur-Mouzon]]
|- 
| 88105
| 88410
| [[Claudon]]
|- 
| 88107
| 88630
| [[Clérey-la-Côte]]
|- 
| 88108
| 88240
| [[Le Clerjus]]
|- 
| 88109
| 88120
| [[Cleurie]]
|- 
| 88110
| 88700
| [[Clézentaine]]
|- 
| 88111
| 88100
| [[Coinches]]
|- 
| 88113
| 88490
| [[Combrimont]]
|- 
| 88114
| 88140
| [[Gundrecivilla]]
|- 
| 88115
| 88430
| [[Corcieux]]
|- 
| 88116
| 88310
| [[Cornimont]]
|- 
| 88117
| 88170
| [[Courcelles-sous-Châtenois]]
|- 
| 88118
| 88630
| [[Cussiacum (Vosegus)|Cussiacum]]
|- 
| 88119
| 88140
| [[Crainvilliers]]
|- 
| 88120
| 88520
| [[La Croix-aux-Mines]]
|- 
| 88121
| 88330
| [[Damas-aux-Bois]]
|- 
| 88122
| 88270
| [[Damas-et-Bettegney]]
|- 
| 88123
| 88320
| [[Damblain]]
|- 
| 88124
| 88260
| [[Darnerium]]
|- 
| 88125
| 88170
| [[Darney-aux-Chênes]]
|- 
| 88126
| 88390
| [[Darnieulles]]
|- 
| 88127
| 88700
| [[Deinvillers]]
|- 
| 88128
| 88210
| [[Denipaire]]
|- 
| 88129
| 88270
| [[Dabermons]]
|- 
| 88130
| 88600
| [[Distorgium]]
|- 
| 88131
| 88600
| [[Decii Mons]]
|- 
| 88132
| 88000
| [[Dei Villare]]
|- 
| 88133
| 88000
| [[Dinovilla]]
|- 
| 88134
| 88000
| [[Dinozé]]
|- 
| 88135
| 88460
| [[Docella (Vosegus)|Docella]]
|- 
| 88136
| 88000
| [[Dodiniaca villa]]
|- 
| 88137
| 88170
| [[Dodoleni cortis (Vosegus)|Dodoleni cortis]]
|- 
| 88138
| 88260
| [[Domnus Basolus (Darnerium)|Domnus Basolus]]
|- 
| 88139
| 88500
| [[Domnus Basolus (Mirecurtium)|Domnus Basolus]]
|- 
| 88140
| 88140
| [[Domnus Brictius (Vosegus)|Domnus Brictius]]
|- 
| 88141
| 88170
| [[Boseum]]
|- 
| 88144
| 88500
| [[Dompnus Aper prope Remoncuriam]]
|- 
| 88142
| 88390
| [[Domnus Aper (Golbey)]]
|- 
| 88143
| 88330
| [[Domnus Aper (Bruerium)]]
|- 
| 88145
| 88600
| [[Donofanum]]
|- 
| 88146
| 88800
| [[Domnus Julianus]]
|- 
| 88147
| 88390
| [[Domnus Martinus ad Silvas]]
|- 
| 88148
| 88200
| [[Domnus Martinus (Romaricus Mons)]]
|- 
| 88149
| 88260
| [[Domnus Martinus (Spinalium)]]
|- 
| 88150
| 88170
| [[Domnus Martinus iuxta sanctum Paulum]]
|- 
| 88151
| 88270
| [[Donoparium]]
|- 
| 88152
| 88600
| [[Domnus Petrus (Vosegus)|Domnus Petrus]]
|- 
| 88153
| 88700
| [[Domnus Stephanus (Vosegus)|Domnus Stephanus]]
|- 
| 88154
| 88630
| [[Domnum Remigium]]
|- 
| 88155
| 88500
| [[Domvallier]]
|- 
| 88156
| 88700
| [[Domnus Cyricus]]
|- 
| 88157
| 88220
| [[Dounoux]]
|- 
| 88158
| 88510
| [[Éloyes]]
|- 
| 88159
| 88650
| [[Entre-deux-Eaux]]
|- 
| 88160
| 88000
| [[Spinalium]]
|- 
| 88161
| 88260
| [[Erculum]]
|- 
| 88162
| 88260
| [[Esley]]
|- 
| 88163
| 88130
| [[Essegney]]
|- 
| 88164
| 88500
| [[Estrenniae]]
|- 
| 88165
| 88480
| [[Étival-Clairefontaine]]
|- 
| 88166
| 88450
| [[Évaux-et-Ménil]]
|- 
| 88167
| 88460
| [[Faucompierre]]
|- 
| 88168
| 88700
| [[Fauconcuria]]
|- 
| 88169
| 88600
| [[Fays (Vosegus)|Fays]]
|- 
| 88170
| 88360
| [[Ferdrupt]]
|- 
| 88171
| 88410
| [[Fignévelle]]
|- 
| 88172
| 88600
| [[Fiménil]]
|- 
| 88173
| 88130
| [[Florémont]]
|- 
| 88174
| 88390
| [[Folmeriacum]]
|- 
| 88175
| 88600
| [[Fontenetum (Vosegus)|Fontenetum]]
|- 
| 88176
| 88240
| [[Fontiniacum]]
|- 
| 88177
| 88530
| [[La Forge (Vosegus)|La Forge]]
|- 
| 88178
| 88390
| [[Les Forges (Vosegus)|Les Forges]]
|- 
| 88179
| 88320
| [[Fulchericurtis]]
|- 
| 88180
| 88320
| [[Franum]]
|- 
| 88181
| 88230
| [[Fracia]]
|- 
| 88182
| 88490
| [[Frapelle]]
|- 
| 88183
| 88630
| [[Frebecuria]]
|- 
| 88184
| 88600
| [[Formicae Fons]]
|- 
| 88185
| 88500
| [[Franellum Magnum]]
|- 
| 88186
| 88500
| [[Franellum Rubeum]]
|- 
| 88187
| 88270
| [[Frasnido]]
|- 
| 88188
| 88160
| [[Frascia]]
|- 
| 88189
| 88350
| [[Frevilla (Vosegus)|Frevilla]]
|- 
| 88190
| 88440
| [[Frizon]]
|- 
| 88192
| 88270
| [[Gelvécourt-et-Adompt]]
|- 
| 88193
| 88520
| [[Gemaingoutte]]
|- 
| 88194
| 88170
| [[Geminorum curia]]
|- 
| 88195
| 88140
| [[Iandrevilla]]
|- 
| 88196
| 88400
| [[Gerardi Mare]]
|- 
| 88197
| 88120
| [[Gerbamont]]
|- 
| 88198
| 88430
| [[Gerbépal]]
|- 
| 88199
| 88320
| [[Gingivilla]]
|- 
| 88200
| 88390
| [[Gehennium]]
|- 
| 88201
| 88390
| [[Girancurtis]]
|- 
| 88202
| 88500
| [[Gircuria]]
|- 
| 88203
| 88600
| [[Girecuria]]
|- 
| 88205
| 88340
| [[Girmont-Val-d'Ajol]]
|- 
| 88206
| 88170
| [[Gironcuria (Vosegus)|Gironcuria]]
|- 
| 88208
| 88410
| [[Gondoncuria]]
|- 
| 88209
| 88190
| [[Golbey]]
|- 
| 88210
| 88270
| [[Gorhey]]
|- 
| 88212
| 88350
| [[Grannum]]
|- 
| 88213
| 88490
| [[Magna Fossa]]
|- 
| 88215
| 88210
| [[Grandrupt]]
|- 
| 88214
| 88240
| [[Grandrupt-de-Bains]]
|- 
| 88216
| 88600
| [[Granvillare]]
|- 
| 88218
| 88640
| [[Granges-Aumontzey]]
|- 
| 88219
| 88630
| [[Grussius]]
|- 
| 88220
| 88410
| [[Greniancuria]]
|- 
| 88221
| 88240
| [[Gruetum]]
|- 
| 88222
| 88600
| [[Gognacuria]]
|- 
| 88223
| 88450
| [[Guneiacum]]
|- 
| 88224
| 88330
| [[Haldiniacum]]
|- 
| 88225
| 88220
| [[Hadolia]]
|- 
| 88226
| 88270
| [[Hagericurtis]]
|- 
| 88227
| 88300
| [[Hagnéville-et-Roncourt]]
|- 
| 88228
| 88330
| [[Haillainville]]
|- 
| 88229
| 88300
| [[Harchéchamp]]
|- 
| 88230
| 88700
| [[Hardancuria]]
|- 
| 88231
| 88800
| [[Haraevilla ad Mosam]]
|- 
| 88232
| 88300
| [[Hermonis villa]]
|- 
| 88233
| 88270
| [[Harol]]
|- 
| 88236
| 88240
| [[La Haye (Vosegus)|La Haye]]
|- 
| 88237
| 88270
| [[Hennecuria]]
|- 
| 88238
| 88260
| [[Hennezel]]
|- 
| 88239
| 88130
| [[Haruniacum]]
|- 
| 88240
| 88600
| [[Herpemons]]
|- 
| 88241
| 88170
| [[Houécourt]]
|- 
| 88242
| 88300
| [[Houéville]]
|- 
| 88243
| 88700
| [[Housseras]]
|- 
| 88244
| 88430
| [[La Houssière]]
|- 
| 88245
| 88210
| [[Horbacum]]
|- 
| 88246
| 88500
| [[Hymont]]
|- 
| 88247
| 88150
| [[Igniacum (Vosegus)|Igniacum]]
|- 
| 88248
| 88320
| [[Isches]]
|- 
| 88249
| 88300
| [[Gedanis villa]]
|- 
| 88250
| 88550
| [[Jarménil]]
|- 
| 88251
| 88700
| [[Ioannis Manile]]
|- 
| 88252
| 88260
| [[Jésonville]]
|- 
| 88253
| 88000
| [[Jeuxey]]
|- 
| 88254
| 88500
| [[Jorxey]]
|- 
| 88255
| 88630
| [[Jubani villa]]
|- 
| 88256
| 88640
| [[Jussarupt]]
|- 
| 88257
| 88500
| [[Jevancuria]]
|- 
| 88258
| 88320
| [[Marchia (Vosegus)|Marchia]]
|- 
| 88259
| 88300
| [[Landini villa]]
|- 
| 88260
| 88130
| [[Langley (Vosegus)|Langley]]
|- 
| 88261
| 88600
| [[Laval-sur-Vologne]]
|- 
| 88262
| 88600
| [[Aquilina (Spinalium)|Aquilina]]
|- 
| 88263
| 88640
| [[Laveline-du-Houx]]
|- 
| 88264
| 88270
| [[Légéville-et-Bonfays]]
|- 
| 88265
| 88300
| [[Lemmecuria]]
|- 
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! [[INSEE|Numerus INSEE]]
! [[Numerus cursualis]]
! [[Commune]]
|-
| 88266
| 88600
| [[Lépanges-sur-Vologne]]
|- 
| 88267
| 88260
| [[Larino]]
|- 
| 88268
| 88490
| [[Lesseux]]
|- 
| 88269
| 88400
| [[Liézey]]
|- 
| 88270
| 88350
| [[Liffodium]]
|- 
| 88271
| 88800
| [[Legisvilla]]
|- 
| 88272
| 88410
| [[Lyroncuria]]
|- 
| 88273
| 88000
| [[Longus Campus (Vosegus)|Longus Campus]]
|- 
| 88274
| 88170
| [[Longus Campus subtus Castinetum]]
|- 
| 88275
| 88490
| [[Lubine]]
|- 
| 88276
| 88490
| [[Lussia]]
|- 
| 88277
| 88110
| [[Luviniacus]]
|- 
| 88278
| 88170
| [[Macuncurtis]]
|- 
| 88279
| 88270
| [[Madecuria]]
|- 
| 88280
| 88450
| [[Maldisinum]]
|- 
| 88281
| 88270
| [[Madonne-et-Lamerey]]
|- 
| 88283
| 88140
| [[Malini curia]]
|- 
| 88284
| 88650
| [[Mandray]]
|- 
| 88285
| 88800
| [[Manderae]]
|- 
| 88286
| 88130
| [[Mareinvilla]]
|- 
| 88287
| 88320
| [[Mariacum (Vosegus)|Mariacum]]
|- 
| 88288
| 88270
| [[Monroniscurtis]]
|- 
| 88289
| 88320
| [[Martiniacum (Vosegus)|Martiniacum]]
|- 
| 88290
| 88300
| [[Martigny-les-Gerbonvaux]]
|- 
| 88291
| 88410
| [[Martinvelle]]
|- 
| 88292
| 88500
| [[Mataincuria]]
|- 
| 88293
| 88630
| [[Maxey-sur-Meuse]]
|- 
| 88294
| 88150
| [[Mazeley]]
|- 
| 88295
| 88500
| [[Maceriolae]]
|- 
| 88296
| 88140
| [[Madonis villa]]
|- 
| 88297
| 88600
| [[Méménil]]
|- 
| 88298
| 88700
| [[Menardi Mons]]
|- 
| 88302
| 88160
| [[Le Ménil]]
|- 
| 88300
| 88210
| [[Ménil-de-Senones]]
|- 
| 88299
| 88500
| [[Mansile in Sanctesio]]
|- 
| 88301
| 88700
| [[Ménil-sur-Belvitte]]
|- 
| 88303
| 88630
| [[Mudrevallis]]
|- 
| 88304
| 88500
| [[Mirecurtium]]
|- 
| 88305
| 88630
| [[Moncel-sur-Vair]]
|- 
| 88306
| 88210
| [[Le Mont]]
|- 
| 88309
| 88800
| [[Monthureux-le-Sec]]
|- 
| 88310
| 88410
| [[Monthureux-sur-Saône]]
|- 
| 88307
| 88320
| [[Mont-lès-Lamarche]]
|- 
| 88308
| 88300
| [[Montes ante Novum Castrum]]
|- 
| 88311
| 88240
| [[Montmotier]]
|- 
| 88312
| 88170
| [[Morelli Domus]]
|- 
| 88313
| 88330
| [[Murini villa]]
|- 
| 88314
| 88320
| [[Morizécourt]]
|- 
| 88315
| 88600
| [[Mors Agni]]
|- 
| 88316
| 88140
| [[Maurivilla]]
|- 
| 88317
| 88210
| [[Moussey (Vosegus)|Moussey]]
|- 
| 88318
| 88700
| [[Medius Mons (Vosegus)|Medius Mons]]
|- 
| 88319
| 88420
| [[Medianum Monasterium]]
|- 
| 88320
| 88100
| [[Nayemont-les-Fosses]]
|- 
| 88321
| 88300
| [[Neocastrum (Francia)|Neocastrum]]
|- 
| 88322
| 88600
| [[La Neuveville-devant-Lépanges]]
|- 
| 88324
| 88170
| [[La Neuveville-sous-Châtenois]]
|- 
| 88325
| 88800
| [[La Neuveville-sous-Montfort]]
|- 
| 88326
| 88100
| [[Neuvillers-sur-Fave]]
|- 
| 88327
| 88440
| [[Nomexy]]
|- 
| 88328
| 88470
| [[Nompardivilla]]
|- 
| 88330
| 88260
| [[Novilla (Vosegus)|Novilla]]
|- 
| 88331
| 88600
| [[Nontiavilla]]
|- 
| 88332
| 88800
| [[Noretum]]
|- 
| 88333
| 88700
| [[Nossoncourt]]
|- 
| 88334
| 88500
| [[Ollevilla]]
|- 
| 88335
| 88500
| [[Offroicourt]]
|- 
| 88336
| 88170
| [[Audoleni villa]]
|- 
| 88338
| 88700
| [[Ortonis curia]]
|- 
| 88340
| 88700
| [[Padua (Vosegus)|Padua]]
|- 
| 88341
| 88100
| [[Pair-et-Grandrupt]]
|- 
| 88342
| 88330
| [[Pallegney]]
|- 
| 88343
| 88800
| [[Paretum (Vosegus)|Paretum]]
|- 
| 88344
| 88350
| [[Pargniacum subtus Mirevallem]]
|- 
| 88345
| 88490
| [[La Petite-Fosse]]
|- 
| 88346
| 88210
| [[La Petite-Raon]]
|- 
| 88347
| 88270
| [[Petraficta (Vosegus)|Petraficta]]
|- 
| 88348
| 88600
| [[Petreus Pons]]
|- 
| 88349
| 88230
| [[Plenifesium]]
|- 
| 88350
| 88170
| [[Pluvesia]]
|- 
| 88351
| 88370
| [[Plumberae]]
|- 
| 88352
| 88300
| [[Pomperra (Vosegus)|Pomperra]]
|- 
| 88353
| 88260
| [[Pons iuxta Undinovilla]]
|- 
| 88354
| 88500
| [[Pont-sur-Madon]]
|- 
| 88355
| 88330
| [[Portus Caelorum]]
|- 
| 88356
| 88600
| [[Les Poulières]]
|- 
| 88357
| 88500
| [[Portus Suavis]]
|- 
| 88358
| 88550
| [[Pouxeux]]
|- 
| 88359
| 88600
| [[Prey (Vosegus)|Prey]]
|- 
| 88360
| 88260
| [[Provenchères-lès-Darney]]
|- 
| 88361
| 88490
| [[Provenchères-et-Colroy]]
|- 
| 88362
| 88210
| [[Le Puid]]
|- 
| 88363
| 88630
| [[Purneretum]]
|- 
| 88364
| 88500
| [[Puzieux (Vosegus)|Puzieux]]
|- 
| 88365
| 88270
| [[Racécourt]]
|- 
| 88366
| 88170
| [[Radalli villa]]
|- 
| 88367
| 88700
| [[Rambervilleriae]]
|- 
| 88368
| 88500
| [[Rancuria]]
|- 
| 88369
| 88160
| [[Romarici campus]]
|- 
| 88370
| 88270
| [[Radonis curtis]]
|- 
| 88371
| 88220
| [[Rapo ad Silvas]]
|- 
| 88372
| 88110
| [[Rapo ad Stationem]]
|- 
| 88373
| 88110
| [[Raon-sur-Plaine]]
|- 
| 88374
| 88130
| [[Rapey]]
|- 
| 88375
| 88520
| [[Raves (Vosegus)|Raves]]
|- 
| 88376
| 88300
| [[Ribovilla]]
|- 
| 88377
| 88410
| [[Rainharii villa]]
|- 
| 88378
| 88450
| [[Regney]]
|- 
| 88379
| 88330
| [[Ranconis curtis]]
|- 
| 88380
| 88640
| [[Rehaupal]]
|- 
| 88381
| 88260
| [[Relangia]]
|- 
| 88382
| 88500
| [[Rimacuria]]
|- 
| 88383
| 88200
| [[Romarici Mons]]
|- 
| 88386
| 88100
| [[Remomeix]]
|- 
| 88385
| 88800
| [[Romulficuria]]
|- 
| 88387
| 88170
| [[Ramaldi villa]]
|- 
| 88388
| 88390
| [[Renauvoid]]
|- 
| 88389
| 88500
| [[Reparium]]
|- 
| 88390
| 88320
| [[Roberticuria]]
|- 
| 88391
| 88120
| [[Rochesson]]
|- 
| 88394
| 88320
| [[Romania ad Silvas]]
|- 
| 88395
| 88700
| [[Rotmundum]]
|- 
| 88398
| 88600
| [[Les Rouges-Eaux]]
|- 
| 88399
| 88460
| [[Le Roulier]]
|- 
| 88400
| 88500
| [[Ruvera in Sanctesio]]
|- 
| 88401
| 88170
| [[Roverium (Vosegus)|Roverium]]
|- 
| 88402
| 88700
| [[Rovilla ad Quercus]]
|- 
| 88403
| 88500
| [[Roserota]]
|- 
| 88404
| 88320
| [[Roseriae supra Mosunam]]
|- 
| 88406
| 88130
| [[Rugney]]
|- 
| 88407
| 88630
| [[Ruppes]]
|- 
| 88408
| 88360
| [[Rupt-sur-Moselle]]
|- 
| 88409
| 88120
| [[Saint-Amé]]
|- 
| 88411
| 88260
| [[Sanctus Basolimons]]
|- 
| 88412
| 88700
| [[Sanctus Benedictus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Benedictus]]
|- 
| 88413
| 88100
| [[Sanctus Deodatus (urbs)|Sanctus Deodatus]]
|- 
| 88410
| 88700
| [[Sancta Barbara (Vosegus)|Sancta Barbara]]
|- 
| 88418
| 88700
| [[Sancta Helena (Vosegus)|Sancta Helena]]
|- 
| 88424
| 88100
| [[Sancta Margareta (Vosegus)|Sancta Margareta]]
|- 
| 88415
| 88200
| [[Sanctus Stephanus ultra Mosellam]]
|- 
| 88416
| 88700
| [[Sanctus Genesius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Genesius]]
|- 
| 88417
| 88700
| [[Sanctus Gorgonius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Gorgonius]]
|- 
| 88419
| 88210
| [[Saint-Jean-d'Ormont]]
|- 
| 88421
| 88410
| [[Sanctus Iulianus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Iulianus]]
|- 
| 88423
| 88650
| [[Sanctus Leonardus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Leonardus]]
|- 
| 88425
| 88700
| [[Sanctus Mauricius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Mauricius]]
|- 
| 88426
| 88560
| [[Saint-Maurice-sur-Moselle]]
|- 
| 88427
| 88170
| [[Sanctus Memmius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Memmius]]
|- 
| 88428
| 88470
| [[Saint-Michel-sur-Meurthe]]
|- 
| 88429
| 88200
| [[Sanctus Nabor (Vosegus)|Sanctus Nabor]]
|- 
| 88430
| 88140
| [[Sanctus Audoenus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Audoenus]]
|- 
| 88431
| 88170
| [[Sanctus Paulus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Paulus]]
|- 
| 88432
| 88700
| [[Sanctus Petrimons]]
|- 
| 88433
| 88500
| [[Sanctus Pancratius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Pancratius]]
|- 
| 88434
| 88800
| [[Sancti Remigii Mons (Vosegus)|Sancti Remigii Mons]]
|- 
| 88435
| 88480
| [[Sanctus Remigius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Remigius]]
|- 
| 88436
| 88210
| [[Sanctus Stephanus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Stephanus]]
|- 
| 88437
| 88270
| [[Sanctus Valerius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Valerius]]
|- 
| 88438
| 88470
| [[La Salle (Vosegus)|La Salle]]
|- 
| 88439
| 88390
| [[Sanchey]]
|- 
| 88440
| 88170
| [[Sandaucuria]]
|- 
| 88441
| 88260
| [[Sans-Vallois]]
|- 
| 88442
| 88120
| [[Sapois (Vosegus)|Sapois]]
|- 
| 88443
| 88300
| [[Sartes]]
|- 
| 88444
| 88210
| [[Le Saulcy]]
|- 
| 88445
| 88580
| [[Salicetum (Vosegus)|Salicetum]]
|- 
| 88446
| 88140
| [[Salsurae (Vosegus)|Salsurae]]
|- 
| 88447
| 88290
| [[Salsuriae]]
|- 
| 88448
| 88140
| [[Seivilla]]
|- 
| 88449
| 88130
| [[Saviniacum (Vosegus)|Saviniacum]]
|- 
| 88450
| 88320
| [[Senagda]]
|- 
| 88451
| 88210
| [[Senonia (Vosegus)|Senonia]]
|- 
| 88452
| 88260
| [[Senonges]]
|- 
| 88453
| 88630
| [[Seromons]]
|- 
| 88454
| 88600
| [[Sarcus (Vosegus)|Sarcus]]
|- 
| 88455
| 88320
| [[Sirecuria]]
|- 
| 88456
| 88320
| [[Serocourt]]
|- 
| 88457
| 88630
| [[Seona (Vosegus)|Seona]]
|- 
| 88458
| 88130
| [[Solicuria]]
|- 
| 88459
| 88170
| [[Soncuria]]
|- 
| 88460
| 88630
| [[Solicia]]
|- 
| 88461
| 88140
| [[Serewavilla]]
|- 
| 88462
| 88120
| [[Le Syndicat]]
|- 
| 88463
| 88100
| [[Tinctorivus]]
|- 
| 88464
| 88460
| [[Tendon (Vosegus)|Tendon]]
|- 
| 88465
| 88150
| [[Tado]]
|- 
| 88466
| 88800
| [[Tillia]]
|- 
| 88467
| 88290
| [[Thiéfosse]]
|- 
| 88468
| 88160
| [[Le Thillot]]
|- 
| 88469
| 88500
| [[Tirocuria]]
|- 
| 88470
| 88530
| [[Le Tholy]]
|- 
| 88471
| 88410
| [[Les Thons]]
|- 
| 88472
| 88260
| [[Thuillières]]
|- 
| 88473
| 88320
| [[Tignécourt]]
|- 
| 88474
| 88300
| [[Tellum (Vosegus)|Tellum]]
|- 
| 88475
| 88320
| [[Toteleni curtis]]
|- 
| 88476
| 88500
| [[Totoni villa]]
|- 
| 88477
| 88350
| [[Trampodium]]
|- 
| 88478
| 88300
| [[Tranculfi villa]]
|- 
| 88479
| 88240
| [[Trémonzey]]
|- 
| 88480
| 88130
| [[Ubexy]]
|- 
| 88481
| 88220
| [[Uriménil]]
|- 
| 88482
| 88140
| [[Eurivilla]]
|- 
| 88483
| 88390
| [[Ursiniacum]]
|- 
| 88484
| 88220
| [[Usminga]]
|- 
| 88485
| 88140
| [[La Vacheresse-et-la-Rouillie]]
|- 
| 88486
| 88120
| [[Vainiacum]]
|- 
| 88487
| 88340
| [[Le Val-d'Ajol]]
|- 
| 88488
| 88270
| [[Valefridicurtis]]
|- 
| 88489
| 88270
| [[Vallis Regia (Vosegus)|Vallis Regia]]
|- 
| 88490
| 88800
| [[Vallis Regia Sicca]]
|- 
| 88491
| 88260
| [[Tres Valesii]]
|- 
| 88492
| 88230
| [[Le Valtin]]
|- 
| 88493
| 88450
| [[Varmonzey]]
|- 
| 88494
| 88500
| [[Vaubexy]]
|- 
| 88495
| 88000
| [[Waldinivilla]]
|- 
| 88496
| 88140
| [[Valdonis curtis (Vosegus)|Valdonis curtis]]
|- 
| 88497
| 88330
| [[Wauxoncuria]]
|- 
| 88498
| 88200
| [[Vecoux]]
|- 
| 88499
| 88270
| [[Velotte-et-Tatignécourt]]
|- 
| 88500
| 88310
| [[Ventron]]
|- 
| 88501
| 88210
| [[Le Vermont]]
|- 
| 88502
| 88600
| [[Vervezelle]]
|- 
| 88503
| 88110
| [[Vexaincourt]]
|- 
| 88504
| 88170
| [[Vicherey]]
|- 
| 88505
| 88430
| [[Vienville]]
|- 
| 88506
| 88210
| [[Vieux-Moulin (Vosegus)|Vieux-Moulin]]
|- 
| 88507
| 88500
| [[Villers (Vosegus)|Villers]]
|- 
| 88508
| 88270
| [[Ville-sur-Illon]]
|- 
| 88509
| 88150
| [[Villoncourt]]
|- 
| 88510
| 88320
| [[Villotte]]
|- 
| 88511
| 88350
| [[Villouxel]]
|- 
| 88512
| 88600
| [[Viménil]]
|- 
| 88513
| 88450
| [[Vincey]]
|- 
| 88514
| 88170
| [[Viocourt]]
|- 
| 88515
| 88260
| [[Vioménil]]
|- 
| 88516
| 88800
| [[Vittel]]
|- 
| 88517
| 88260
| [[Vivarium (Vosegus)|Vivarium]]
|- 
| 88518
| 88500
| [[Viverium]]
|- 
| 88519
| 88470
| [[La Voivre (Vosegus)|La Voivre]]
|- 
| 88520
| 88240
| [[Les Voivres]]
|- 
| 88521
| 88700
| [[Vomécourt]]
|- 
| 88522
| 88500
| [[Vomécourt-sur-Madon]]
|- 
| 88523
| 88170
| [[Vouxey]]
|- 
| 88524
| 88140
| [[Vrécourt]]
|- 
| 88525
| 88500
| [[Vroville]]
|- 
| 88526
| 88520
| [[Wisembach]]
|- 
| 88527
| 88700
| [[Xaffévillers]]
|- 
| 88528
| 88460
| [[Xamontarupt]]
|- 
| 88529
| 88130
| [[Xaronval]]
|- 
| 88530
| 88220
| [[Scatiniacum]]
|- 
| 88531
| 88400
| [[Xonrupt-Longemer]]
|- 
| 88532
| 88330
| [[Zincourt]]
|}
{{Indices communium praefecturarum Franciae}}
[[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Vosegi|!]]</text>
      <sha1>k35d3pc48d5aanxa2yhj0y2lf9gp6ee</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3998720</id>
      <parentid>3998677</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T20:46:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pippobuono</username>
        <id>54500</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>nomen latinum</comment>
      <origin>3998720</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="22038" sha1="ga03rohx7jzetznn0ki0aq2n9t820qk" xml:space="preserve">Hic est index [[commune|communium]] [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegi]] praefecturae [[Francia|Francicae]], cui subsunt communia 515 numero.

[[Fasciculus:Vosges-Position.png|thumb|Situs praefecturae]]
[[Fasciculus: Senones vu du Petit Paris.jpg|thumb|Despectus in ''[[ Senones ]]'']]

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! [[INSEE|Numerus INSEE]]
! [[Numerus cursualis]]
! [[Commune]]
|-
| 88001
| 88270
| [[Les Ableuvenettes]]
|- 
| 88002
| 88500
| [[Ahéville]]
|- 
| 88003
| 88140
| [[Aingeville]]
|- 
| 88004
| 88320
| [[Ainvelle (Vosegus)|Ainvelle]]
|- 
| 88005
| 88110
| [[Allarmont]]
|- 
| 88006
| 88500
| [[Ambacuria]]
|- 
| 88007
| 88410
| [[Ameuvelle]]
|- 
| 88008
| 88700
| [[Anglemont]]
|- 
| 88009
| 88650
| [[Anould]]
|- 
| 88010
| 88170
| [[Aouze]]
|- 
| 88011
| 88380
| [[Arches (Vosegus)|Arches]]
|- 
| 88012
| 88380
| [[Archettes]]
|- 
| 88013
| 88170
| [[Aroffe]]
|- 
| 88014
| 88430
| [[Arrentès-de-Corcieux]]
|- 
| 88015
| 88300
| [[Attignéville]]
|- 
| 88016
| 88260
| [[Attigny (Vosegus)|Attigny]]
|- 
| 88017
| 88300
| [[Aulnois]]
|- 
| 88019
| 88300
| [[Autigny-la-Tour]]
|- 
| 88020
| 88300
| [[Autreville (Vosegus)|Autreville]]
|- 
| 88021
| 88700
| [[Autrey (Vosegus)|Autrey]]
|- 
| 88022
| 88140
| [[Auzainvilliers]]
|- 
| 88023
| 88500
| [[Avillers (Vosegus)|Avillers]]
|- 
| 88024
| 88130
| [[Avrainville (Vosegus)|Avrainville]]
|- 
| 88025
| 88630
| [[Avranville]]
|- 
| 88026
| 88600
| [[Aidella]]
|- 
| 88027
| 88330
| [[Badménil-aux-Bois]]
|- 
| 88028
| 88460
| [[La Baffe]]
|- 
| 88029
| 88240
| [[La Vôge-les-Bains]]
|- 
| 88030
| 88270
| [[Bainville-aux-Saules]]
|- 
| 88031
| 88170
| [[Balléville]]
|- 
| 88032
| 88520
| [[Aquilina (Sanctus Deodatus)|Aquilina]]
|- 
| 88033
| 88210
| [[Ban-de-Sapt]]
|- 
| 88106
| 88230
| [[Ban-sur-Meurthe-Clefcy]]
|- 
| 88035
| 88640
| [[Barbey-Seroux]]
|- 
| 88036
| 88300
| [[Barville (Vosegus)|Barville]]
|- 
| 88037
| 88120
| [[Basse-sur-le-Rupt]]
|- 
| 88038
| 88130
| [[Battexey]]
|- 
| 88039
| 88500
| [[Baudricourt]]
|- 
| 88040
| 88150
| [[Bayecourt]]
|- 
| 88041
| 88270
| [[Bazegney]]
|- 
| 88042
| 88700
| [[Bazien]]
|- 
| 88043
| 88500
| [[Bazoilles-et-Ménil]]
|- 
| 88044
| 88300
| [[Bazoilles-sur-Meuse]]
|- 
| 88045
| 88300
| [[Beaufremont]]
|- 
| 88046
| 88600
| [[Beauménil]]
|- 
| 88047
| 88270
| [[Begnécourt]]
|- 
| 88048
| 88370
| [[Bellefontaine (Vosegus)|Bellefontaine]]
|- 
| 88049
| 88260
| [[Belmont-lès-Darney]]
|- 
| 88050
| 88600
| [[Belmont-sur-Buttant]]
|- 
| 88051
| 88800
| [[Belmont-sur-Vair]]
|- 
| 88052
| 88260
| [[Belrupt]]
|- 
| 88053
| 88210
| [[Belval (Vosegus)|Belval]]
|- 
| 88054
| 88520
| [[Bertrimoutier]]
|- 
| 88055
| 88450
| [[Bettegney-Saint-Brice]]
|- 
| 88056
| 88500
| [[Bettoncourt]]
|- 
| 88057
| 88490
| [[Le Beulay]]
|- 
| 88058
| 88170
| [[Biécourt]]
|- 
| 88059
| 88430
| [[Biffontaine]]
|- 
| 88060
| 88500
| [[Blémerey (Vosegus)|Blémerey]]
|- 
| 88061
| 88410
| [[Bleurville]]
|- 
| 88062
| 88320
| [[Blevaincourt]]
|- 
| 88063
| 88270
| [[Bocquegney]]
|- 
| 88064
| 88600
| [[Bois-de-Champ]]
|- 
| 88065
| 88260
| [[Bonvillet]]
|- 
| 88066
| 88500
| [[Boulaincourt]]
|- 
| 88068
| 88470
| [[La Bourgonce]]
|- 
| 88069
| 88270
| [[Bouxières-aux-Bois]]
|- 
| 88070
| 88130
| [[Bouxurulles]]
|- 
| 88071
| 88270
| [[Bouzemont]]
|- 
| 88073
| 88130
| [[Brantigny]]
|- 
| 88074
| 88350
| [[Brechainville]]
|- 
| 88075
| 88250
| [[La Bresse]]
|- 
| 88076
| 88600
| [[Brouvelieures]]
|- 
| 88077
| 88700
| [[Brû]]
|- 
| 88078
| 88600
| [[Bruerium]]
|- 
| 88079
| 88140
| [[Boloniacivilla]]
|- 
| 88080
| 88700
| [[Bult]]
|- 
| 88081
| 88540
| [[Bussang]]
|- 
| 88082
| 88110
| [[Celles-sur-Plaine]]
|- 
| 88083
| 88300
| [[Certilleux]]
|- 
| 88084
| 88130
| [[Chamagne]]
|- 
| 88085
| 88640
| [[Champdray]]
|- 
| 88086
| 88600
| [[Ducis Campus|Champ-le-Duc]]
|- 
| 88087
| 88000
| [[Chantraine (commune)|Chantraine]]
|- 
| 88088
| 88240
| [[La Chapelle-aux-Bois]]
|- 
| 88089
| 88600
| [[La Chapelle-devant-Bruyères]]
|- 
| 88090
| 88130
| [[Carpinia]]
|- 
| 88091
| 88460
| [[Charmois-devant-Bruyères]]
|- 
| 88092
| 88270
| [[Charmois-l'Orgueilleux]]
|- 
| 88093
| 88210
| [[Châtas]]
|- 
| 88094
| 88330
| [[Châtel-sur-Moselle]]
|- 
| 88095
| 88170
| [[Châtenois (Vosegus)|Châtenois]]
|- 
| 88096
| 88410
| [[Châtillon-sur-Saône]]
|- 
| 88097
| 88500
| [[Chauffecourt]]
|- 
| 88098
| 88390
| [[Chaumousey]]
|- 
| 88099
| 88150
| [[Chavelot]]
|- 
| 88100
| 88500
| [[Chef-Haut]]
|- 
| 88101
| 88460
| [[Cheniménil]]
|- 
| 88102
| 88630
| [[Chermisey]]
|- 
| 88103
| 88270
| [[Circourt]]
|- 
| 88104
| 88300
| [[Circourt-sur-Mouzon]]
|- 
| 88105
| 88410
| [[Claudon]]
|- 
| 88107
| 88630
| [[Clérey-la-Côte]]
|- 
| 88108
| 88240
| [[Le Clerjus]]
|- 
| 88109
| 88120
| [[Cleurie]]
|- 
| 88110
| 88700
| [[Clézentaine]]
|- 
| 88111
| 88100
| [[Coinches]]
|- 
| 88113
| 88490
| [[Combrimont]]
|- 
| 88114
| 88140
| [[Gundrecivilla]]
|- 
| 88115
| 88430
| [[Corcieux]]
|- 
| 88116
| 88310
| [[Cornimont]]
|- 
| 88117
| 88170
| [[Courcelles-sous-Châtenois]]
|- 
| 88118
| 88630
| [[Cussiacum (Vosegus)|Cussiacum]]
|- 
| 88119
| 88140
| [[Crainvilliers]]
|- 
| 88120
| 88520
| [[La Croix-aux-Mines]]
|- 
| 88121
| 88330
| [[Damas-aux-Bois]]
|- 
| 88122
| 88270
| [[Damas-et-Bettegney]]
|- 
| 88123
| 88320
| [[Damblain]]
|- 
| 88124
| 88260
| [[Darnerium]]
|- 
| 88125
| 88170
| [[Darney-aux-Chênes]]
|- 
| 88126
| 88390
| [[Darnieulles]]
|- 
| 88127
| 88700
| [[Deodati villare]]
|- 
| 88128
| 88210
| [[Denipaire]]
|- 
| 88129
| 88270
| [[Dabermons]]
|- 
| 88130
| 88600
| [[Distorgium]]
|- 
| 88131
| 88600
| [[Decii Mons]]
|- 
| 88132
| 88000
| [[Dei Villare]]
|- 
| 88133
| 88000
| [[Dinovilla]]
|- 
| 88134
| 88000
| [[Dinozé]]
|- 
| 88135
| 88460
| [[Docella (Vosegus)|Docella]]
|- 
| 88136
| 88000
| [[Dodiniaca villa]]
|- 
| 88137
| 88170
| [[Dodoleni cortis (Vosegus)|Dodoleni cortis]]
|- 
| 88138
| 88260
| [[Domnus Basolus (Darnerium)|Domnus Basolus]]
|- 
| 88139
| 88500
| [[Domnus Basolus (Mirecurtium)|Domnus Basolus]]
|- 
| 88140
| 88140
| [[Domnus Brictius (Vosegus)|Domnus Brictius]]
|- 
| 88141
| 88170
| [[Boseum]]
|- 
| 88144
| 88500
| [[Dompnus Aper prope Remoncuriam]]
|- 
| 88142
| 88390
| [[Domnus Aper (Golbey)]]
|- 
| 88143
| 88330
| [[Domnus Aper (Bruerium)]]
|- 
| 88145
| 88600
| [[Donofanum]]
|- 
| 88146
| 88800
| [[Domnus Julianus]]
|- 
| 88147
| 88390
| [[Domnus Martinus ad Silvas]]
|- 
| 88148
| 88200
| [[Domnus Martinus (Romaricus Mons)]]
|- 
| 88149
| 88260
| [[Domnus Martinus (Spinalium)]]
|- 
| 88150
| 88170
| [[Domnus Martinus iuxta sanctum Paulum]]
|- 
| 88151
| 88270
| [[Donoparium]]
|- 
| 88152
| 88600
| [[Domnus Petrus (Vosegus)|Domnus Petrus]]
|- 
| 88153
| 88700
| [[Domnus Stephanus (Vosegus)|Domnus Stephanus]]
|- 
| 88154
| 88630
| [[Domnum Remigium]]
|- 
| 88155
| 88500
| [[Domvallier]]
|- 
| 88156
| 88700
| [[Domnus Cyricus]]
|- 
| 88157
| 88220
| [[Dounoux]]
|- 
| 88158
| 88510
| [[Éloyes]]
|- 
| 88159
| 88650
| [[Entre-deux-Eaux]]
|- 
| 88160
| 88000
| [[Spinalium]]
|- 
| 88161
| 88260
| [[Erculum]]
|- 
| 88162
| 88260
| [[Esley]]
|- 
| 88163
| 88130
| [[Essegney]]
|- 
| 88164
| 88500
| [[Estrenniae]]
|- 
| 88165
| 88480
| [[Étival-Clairefontaine]]
|- 
| 88166
| 88450
| [[Évaux-et-Ménil]]
|- 
| 88167
| 88460
| [[Faucompierre]]
|- 
| 88168
| 88700
| [[Fauconcuria]]
|- 
| 88169
| 88600
| [[Fays (Vosegus)|Fays]]
|- 
| 88170
| 88360
| [[Ferdrupt]]
|- 
| 88171
| 88410
| [[Fignévelle]]
|- 
| 88172
| 88600
| [[Fiménil]]
|- 
| 88173
| 88130
| [[Florémont]]
|- 
| 88174
| 88390
| [[Folmeriacum]]
|- 
| 88175
| 88600
| [[Fontenetum (Vosegus)|Fontenetum]]
|- 
| 88176
| 88240
| [[Fontiniacum]]
|- 
| 88177
| 88530
| [[La Forge (Vosegus)|La Forge]]
|- 
| 88178
| 88390
| [[Les Forges (Vosegus)|Les Forges]]
|- 
| 88179
| 88320
| [[Fulchericurtis]]
|- 
| 88180
| 88320
| [[Franum]]
|- 
| 88181
| 88230
| [[Fracia]]
|- 
| 88182
| 88490
| [[Frapelle]]
|- 
| 88183
| 88630
| [[Frebecuria]]
|- 
| 88184
| 88600
| [[Formicae Fons]]
|- 
| 88185
| 88500
| [[Franellum Magnum]]
|- 
| 88186
| 88500
| [[Franellum Rubeum]]
|- 
| 88187
| 88270
| [[Frasnido]]
|- 
| 88188
| 88160
| [[Frascia]]
|- 
| 88189
| 88350
| [[Frevilla (Vosegus)|Frevilla]]
|- 
| 88190
| 88440
| [[Frizon]]
|- 
| 88192
| 88270
| [[Gelvécourt-et-Adompt]]
|- 
| 88193
| 88520
| [[Gemaingoutte]]
|- 
| 88194
| 88170
| [[Geminorum curia]]
|- 
| 88195
| 88140
| [[Iandrevilla]]
|- 
| 88196
| 88400
| [[Gerardi Mare]]
|- 
| 88197
| 88120
| [[Gerbamont]]
|- 
| 88198
| 88430
| [[Gerbépal]]
|- 
| 88199
| 88320
| [[Gingivilla]]
|- 
| 88200
| 88390
| [[Gehennium]]
|- 
| 88201
| 88390
| [[Girancurtis]]
|- 
| 88202
| 88500
| [[Gircuria]]
|- 
| 88203
| 88600
| [[Girecuria]]
|- 
| 88205
| 88340
| [[Girmont-Val-d'Ajol]]
|- 
| 88206
| 88170
| [[Gironcuria (Vosegus)|Gironcuria]]
|- 
| 88208
| 88410
| [[Gondoncuria]]
|- 
| 88209
| 88190
| [[Golbey]]
|- 
| 88210
| 88270
| [[Gorhey]]
|- 
| 88212
| 88350
| [[Grannum]]
|- 
| 88213
| 88490
| [[Magna Fossa]]
|- 
| 88215
| 88210
| [[Grandrupt]]
|- 
| 88214
| 88240
| [[Grandrupt-de-Bains]]
|- 
| 88216
| 88600
| [[Granvillare]]
|- 
| 88218
| 88640
| [[Granges-Aumontzey]]
|- 
| 88219
| 88630
| [[Grussius]]
|- 
| 88220
| 88410
| [[Greniancuria]]
|- 
| 88221
| 88240
| [[Gruetum]]
|- 
| 88222
| 88600
| [[Gognacuria]]
|- 
| 88223
| 88450
| [[Guneiacum]]
|- 
| 88224
| 88330
| [[Haldiniacum]]
|- 
| 88225
| 88220
| [[Hadolia]]
|- 
| 88226
| 88270
| [[Hagericurtis]]
|- 
| 88227
| 88300
| [[Hagnéville-et-Roncourt]]
|- 
| 88228
| 88330
| [[Haillainville]]
|- 
| 88229
| 88300
| [[Harchéchamp]]
|- 
| 88230
| 88700
| [[Hardancuria]]
|- 
| 88231
| 88800
| [[Haraevilla ad Mosam]]
|- 
| 88232
| 88300
| [[Hermonis villa]]
|- 
| 88233
| 88270
| [[Harol]]
|- 
| 88236
| 88240
| [[La Haye (Vosegus)|La Haye]]
|- 
| 88237
| 88270
| [[Hennecuria]]
|- 
| 88238
| 88260
| [[Hennezel]]
|- 
| 88239
| 88130
| [[Haruniacum]]
|- 
| 88240
| 88600
| [[Herpemons]]
|- 
| 88241
| 88170
| [[Houécourt]]
|- 
| 88242
| 88300
| [[Houéville]]
|- 
| 88243
| 88700
| [[Housseras]]
|- 
| 88244
| 88430
| [[La Houssière]]
|- 
| 88245
| 88210
| [[Horbacum]]
|- 
| 88246
| 88500
| [[Hymont]]
|- 
| 88247
| 88150
| [[Igniacum (Vosegus)|Igniacum]]
|- 
| 88248
| 88320
| [[Isches]]
|- 
| 88249
| 88300
| [[Gedanis villa]]
|- 
| 88250
| 88550
| [[Jarménil]]
|- 
| 88251
| 88700
| [[Ioannis Manile]]
|- 
| 88252
| 88260
| [[Jésonville]]
|- 
| 88253
| 88000
| [[Jeuxey]]
|- 
| 88254
| 88500
| [[Jorxey]]
|- 
| 88255
| 88630
| [[Jubani villa]]
|- 
| 88256
| 88640
| [[Jussarupt]]
|- 
| 88257
| 88500
| [[Jevancuria]]
|- 
| 88258
| 88320
| [[Marchia (Vosegus)|Marchia]]
|- 
| 88259
| 88300
| [[Landini villa]]
|- 
| 88260
| 88130
| [[Langley (Vosegus)|Langley]]
|- 
| 88261
| 88600
| [[Laval-sur-Vologne]]
|- 
| 88262
| 88600
| [[Aquilina (Spinalium)|Aquilina]]
|- 
| 88263
| 88640
| [[Laveline-du-Houx]]
|- 
| 88264
| 88270
| [[Légéville-et-Bonfays]]
|- 
| 88265
| 88300
| [[Lemmecuria]]
|- 
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! [[INSEE|Numerus INSEE]]
! [[Numerus cursualis]]
! [[Commune]]
|-
| 88266
| 88600
| [[Lépanges-sur-Vologne]]
|- 
| 88267
| 88260
| [[Larino]]
|- 
| 88268
| 88490
| [[Lesseux]]
|- 
| 88269
| 88400
| [[Liézey]]
|- 
| 88270
| 88350
| [[Liffodium]]
|- 
| 88271
| 88800
| [[Legisvilla]]
|- 
| 88272
| 88410
| [[Lyroncuria]]
|- 
| 88273
| 88000
| [[Longus Campus (Vosegus)|Longus Campus]]
|- 
| 88274
| 88170
| [[Longus Campus subtus Castinetum]]
|- 
| 88275
| 88490
| [[Lubine]]
|- 
| 88276
| 88490
| [[Lussia]]
|- 
| 88277
| 88110
| [[Luviniacus]]
|- 
| 88278
| 88170
| [[Macuncurtis]]
|- 
| 88279
| 88270
| [[Madecuria]]
|- 
| 88280
| 88450
| [[Maldisinum]]
|- 
| 88281
| 88270
| [[Madonne-et-Lamerey]]
|- 
| 88283
| 88140
| [[Malini curia]]
|- 
| 88284
| 88650
| [[Mandray]]
|- 
| 88285
| 88800
| [[Manderae]]
|- 
| 88286
| 88130
| [[Mareinvilla]]
|- 
| 88287
| 88320
| [[Mariacum (Vosegus)|Mariacum]]
|- 
| 88288
| 88270
| [[Monroniscurtis]]
|- 
| 88289
| 88320
| [[Martiniacum (Vosegus)|Martiniacum]]
|- 
| 88290
| 88300
| [[Martigny-les-Gerbonvaux]]
|- 
| 88291
| 88410
| [[Martinvelle]]
|- 
| 88292
| 88500
| [[Mataincuria]]
|- 
| 88293
| 88630
| [[Maxey-sur-Meuse]]
|- 
| 88294
| 88150
| [[Mazeley]]
|- 
| 88295
| 88500
| [[Maceriolae]]
|- 
| 88296
| 88140
| [[Madonis villa]]
|- 
| 88297
| 88600
| [[Méménil]]
|- 
| 88298
| 88700
| [[Menardi Mons]]
|- 
| 88302
| 88160
| [[Le Ménil]]
|- 
| 88300
| 88210
| [[Ménil-de-Senones]]
|- 
| 88299
| 88500
| [[Mansile in Sanctesio]]
|- 
| 88301
| 88700
| [[Ménil-sur-Belvitte]]
|- 
| 88303
| 88630
| [[Mudrevallis]]
|- 
| 88304
| 88500
| [[Mirecurtium]]
|- 
| 88305
| 88630
| [[Moncel-sur-Vair]]
|- 
| 88306
| 88210
| [[Le Mont]]
|- 
| 88309
| 88800
| [[Monthureux-le-Sec]]
|- 
| 88310
| 88410
| [[Monthureux-sur-Saône]]
|- 
| 88307
| 88320
| [[Mont-lès-Lamarche]]
|- 
| 88308
| 88300
| [[Montes ante Novum Castrum]]
|- 
| 88311
| 88240
| [[Montmotier]]
|- 
| 88312
| 88170
| [[Morelli Domus]]
|- 
| 88313
| 88330
| [[Murini villa]]
|- 
| 88314
| 88320
| [[Morizécourt]]
|- 
| 88315
| 88600
| [[Mors Agni]]
|- 
| 88316
| 88140
| [[Maurivilla]]
|- 
| 88317
| 88210
| [[Moussey (Vosegus)|Moussey]]
|- 
| 88318
| 88700
| [[Medius Mons (Vosegus)|Medius Mons]]
|- 
| 88319
| 88420
| [[Medianum Monasterium]]
|- 
| 88320
| 88100
| [[Nayemont-les-Fosses]]
|- 
| 88321
| 88300
| [[Neocastrum (Francia)|Neocastrum]]
|- 
| 88322
| 88600
| [[La Neuveville-devant-Lépanges]]
|- 
| 88324
| 88170
| [[La Neuveville-sous-Châtenois]]
|- 
| 88325
| 88800
| [[La Neuveville-sous-Montfort]]
|- 
| 88326
| 88100
| [[Neuvillers-sur-Fave]]
|- 
| 88327
| 88440
| [[Nomexy]]
|- 
| 88328
| 88470
| [[Nompardivilla]]
|- 
| 88330
| 88260
| [[Novilla (Vosegus)|Novilla]]
|- 
| 88331
| 88600
| [[Nontiavilla]]
|- 
| 88332
| 88800
| [[Noretum]]
|- 
| 88333
| 88700
| [[Nossoncourt]]
|- 
| 88334
| 88500
| [[Ollevilla]]
|- 
| 88335
| 88500
| [[Offroicourt]]
|- 
| 88336
| 88170
| [[Audoleni villa]]
|- 
| 88338
| 88700
| [[Ortonis curia]]
|- 
| 88340
| 88700
| [[Padua (Vosegus)|Padua]]
|- 
| 88341
| 88100
| [[Pair-et-Grandrupt]]
|- 
| 88342
| 88330
| [[Pallegney]]
|- 
| 88343
| 88800
| [[Paretum (Vosegus)|Paretum]]
|- 
| 88344
| 88350
| [[Pargniacum subtus Mirevallem]]
|- 
| 88345
| 88490
| [[La Petite-Fosse]]
|- 
| 88346
| 88210
| [[La Petite-Raon]]
|- 
| 88347
| 88270
| [[Petraficta (Vosegus)|Petraficta]]
|- 
| 88348
| 88600
| [[Petreus Pons]]
|- 
| 88349
| 88230
| [[Plenifesium]]
|- 
| 88350
| 88170
| [[Pluvesia]]
|- 
| 88351
| 88370
| [[Plumberae]]
|- 
| 88352
| 88300
| [[Pomperra (Vosegus)|Pomperra]]
|- 
| 88353
| 88260
| [[Pons iuxta Undinovilla]]
|- 
| 88354
| 88500
| [[Pont-sur-Madon]]
|- 
| 88355
| 88330
| [[Portus Caelorum]]
|- 
| 88356
| 88600
| [[Les Poulières]]
|- 
| 88357
| 88500
| [[Portus Suavis]]
|- 
| 88358
| 88550
| [[Pouxeux]]
|- 
| 88359
| 88600
| [[Prey (Vosegus)|Prey]]
|- 
| 88360
| 88260
| [[Provenchères-lès-Darney]]
|- 
| 88361
| 88490
| [[Provenchères-et-Colroy]]
|- 
| 88362
| 88210
| [[Le Puid]]
|- 
| 88363
| 88630
| [[Purneretum]]
|- 
| 88364
| 88500
| [[Puzieux (Vosegus)|Puzieux]]
|- 
| 88365
| 88270
| [[Racécourt]]
|- 
| 88366
| 88170
| [[Radalli villa]]
|- 
| 88367
| 88700
| [[Rambervilleriae]]
|- 
| 88368
| 88500
| [[Rancuria]]
|- 
| 88369
| 88160
| [[Romarici campus]]
|- 
| 88370
| 88270
| [[Radonis curtis]]
|- 
| 88371
| 88220
| [[Rapo ad Silvas]]
|- 
| 88372
| 88110
| [[Rapo ad Stationem]]
|- 
| 88373
| 88110
| [[Raon-sur-Plaine]]
|- 
| 88374
| 88130
| [[Rapey]]
|- 
| 88375
| 88520
| [[Raves (Vosegus)|Raves]]
|- 
| 88376
| 88300
| [[Ribovilla]]
|- 
| 88377
| 88410
| [[Rainharii villa]]
|- 
| 88378
| 88450
| [[Regney]]
|- 
| 88379
| 88330
| [[Ranconis curtis]]
|- 
| 88380
| 88640
| [[Rehaupal]]
|- 
| 88381
| 88260
| [[Relangia]]
|- 
| 88382
| 88500
| [[Rimacuria]]
|- 
| 88383
| 88200
| [[Romarici Mons]]
|- 
| 88386
| 88100
| [[Remomeix]]
|- 
| 88385
| 88800
| [[Romulficuria]]
|- 
| 88387
| 88170
| [[Ramaldi villa]]
|- 
| 88388
| 88390
| [[Renauvoid]]
|- 
| 88389
| 88500
| [[Reparium]]
|- 
| 88390
| 88320
| [[Roberticuria]]
|- 
| 88391
| 88120
| [[Rochesson]]
|- 
| 88394
| 88320
| [[Romania ad Silvas]]
|- 
| 88395
| 88700
| [[Rotmundum]]
|- 
| 88398
| 88600
| [[Les Rouges-Eaux]]
|- 
| 88399
| 88460
| [[Le Roulier]]
|- 
| 88400
| 88500
| [[Ruvera in Sanctesio]]
|- 
| 88401
| 88170
| [[Roverium (Vosegus)|Roverium]]
|- 
| 88402
| 88700
| [[Rovilla ad Quercus]]
|- 
| 88403
| 88500
| [[Roserota]]
|- 
| 88404
| 88320
| [[Roseriae supra Mosunam]]
|- 
| 88406
| 88130
| [[Rugney]]
|- 
| 88407
| 88630
| [[Ruppes]]
|- 
| 88408
| 88360
| [[Rupt-sur-Moselle]]
|- 
| 88409
| 88120
| [[Saint-Amé]]
|- 
| 88411
| 88260
| [[Sanctus Basolimons]]
|- 
| 88412
| 88700
| [[Sanctus Benedictus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Benedictus]]
|- 
| 88413
| 88100
| [[Sanctus Deodatus (urbs)|Sanctus Deodatus]]
|- 
| 88410
| 88700
| [[Sancta Barbara (Vosegus)|Sancta Barbara]]
|- 
| 88418
| 88700
| [[Sancta Helena (Vosegus)|Sancta Helena]]
|- 
| 88424
| 88100
| [[Sancta Margareta (Vosegus)|Sancta Margareta]]
|- 
| 88415
| 88200
| [[Sanctus Stephanus ultra Mosellam]]
|- 
| 88416
| 88700
| [[Sanctus Genesius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Genesius]]
|- 
| 88417
| 88700
| [[Sanctus Gorgonius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Gorgonius]]
|- 
| 88419
| 88210
| [[Saint-Jean-d'Ormont]]
|- 
| 88421
| 88410
| [[Sanctus Iulianus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Iulianus]]
|- 
| 88423
| 88650
| [[Sanctus Leonardus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Leonardus]]
|- 
| 88425
| 88700
| [[Sanctus Mauricius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Mauricius]]
|- 
| 88426
| 88560
| [[Saint-Maurice-sur-Moselle]]
|- 
| 88427
| 88170
| [[Sanctus Memmius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Memmius]]
|- 
| 88428
| 88470
| [[Saint-Michel-sur-Meurthe]]
|- 
| 88429
| 88200
| [[Sanctus Nabor (Vosegus)|Sanctus Nabor]]
|- 
| 88430
| 88140
| [[Sanctus Audoenus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Audoenus]]
|- 
| 88431
| 88170
| [[Sanctus Paulus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Paulus]]
|- 
| 88432
| 88700
| [[Sanctus Petrimons]]
|- 
| 88433
| 88500
| [[Sanctus Pancratius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Pancratius]]
|- 
| 88434
| 88800
| [[Sancti Remigii Mons (Vosegus)|Sancti Remigii Mons]]
|- 
| 88435
| 88480
| [[Sanctus Remigius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Remigius]]
|- 
| 88436
| 88210
| [[Sanctus Stephanus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Stephanus]]
|- 
| 88437
| 88270
| [[Sanctus Valerius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Valerius]]
|- 
| 88438
| 88470
| [[La Salle (Vosegus)|La Salle]]
|- 
| 88439
| 88390
| [[Sanchey]]
|- 
| 88440
| 88170
| [[Sandaucuria]]
|- 
| 88441
| 88260
| [[Sans-Vallois]]
|- 
| 88442
| 88120
| [[Sapois (Vosegus)|Sapois]]
|- 
| 88443
| 88300
| [[Sartes]]
|- 
| 88444
| 88210
| [[Le Saulcy]]
|- 
| 88445
| 88580
| [[Salicetum (Vosegus)|Salicetum]]
|- 
| 88446
| 88140
| [[Salsurae (Vosegus)|Salsurae]]
|- 
| 88447
| 88290
| [[Salsuriae]]
|- 
| 88448
| 88140
| [[Seivilla]]
|- 
| 88449
| 88130
| [[Saviniacum (Vosegus)|Saviniacum]]
|- 
| 88450
| 88320
| [[Senagda]]
|- 
| 88451
| 88210
| [[Senonia (Vosegus)|Senonia]]
|- 
| 88452
| 88260
| [[Senonges]]
|- 
| 88453
| 88630
| [[Seromons]]
|- 
| 88454
| 88600
| [[Sarcus (Vosegus)|Sarcus]]
|- 
| 88455
| 88320
| [[Sirecuria]]
|- 
| 88456
| 88320
| [[Serocourt]]
|- 
| 88457
| 88630
| [[Seona (Vosegus)|Seona]]
|- 
| 88458
| 88130
| [[Solicuria]]
|- 
| 88459
| 88170
| [[Soncuria]]
|- 
| 88460
| 88630
| [[Solicia]]
|- 
| 88461
| 88140
| [[Serewavilla]]
|- 
| 88462
| 88120
| [[Le Syndicat]]
|- 
| 88463
| 88100
| [[Tinctorivus]]
|- 
| 88464
| 88460
| [[Tendon (Vosegus)|Tendon]]
|- 
| 88465
| 88150
| [[Tado]]
|- 
| 88466
| 88800
| [[Tillia]]
|- 
| 88467
| 88290
| [[Thiéfosse]]
|- 
| 88468
| 88160
| [[Le Thillot]]
|- 
| 88469
| 88500
| [[Tirocuria]]
|- 
| 88470
| 88530
| [[Le Tholy]]
|- 
| 88471
| 88410
| [[Les Thons]]
|- 
| 88472
| 88260
| [[Thuillières]]
|- 
| 88473
| 88320
| [[Tignécourt]]
|- 
| 88474
| 88300
| [[Tellum (Vosegus)|Tellum]]
|- 
| 88475
| 88320
| [[Toteleni curtis]]
|- 
| 88476
| 88500
| [[Totoni villa]]
|- 
| 88477
| 88350
| [[Trampodium]]
|- 
| 88478
| 88300
| [[Tranculfi villa]]
|- 
| 88479
| 88240
| [[Trémonzey]]
|- 
| 88480
| 88130
| [[Ubexy]]
|- 
| 88481
| 88220
| [[Uriménil]]
|- 
| 88482
| 88140
| [[Eurivilla]]
|- 
| 88483
| 88390
| [[Ursiniacum]]
|- 
| 88484
| 88220
| [[Usminga]]
|- 
| 88485
| 88140
| [[La Vacheresse-et-la-Rouillie]]
|- 
| 88486
| 88120
| [[Vainiacum]]
|- 
| 88487
| 88340
| [[Le Val-d'Ajol]]
|- 
| 88488
| 88270
| [[Valefridicurtis]]
|- 
| 88489
| 88270
| [[Vallis Regia (Vosegus)|Vallis Regia]]
|- 
| 88490
| 88800
| [[Vallis Regia Sicca]]
|- 
| 88491
| 88260
| [[Tres Valesii]]
|- 
| 88492
| 88230
| [[Le Valtin]]
|- 
| 88493
| 88450
| [[Varmonzey]]
|- 
| 88494
| 88500
| [[Vaubexy]]
|- 
| 88495
| 88000
| [[Waldinivilla]]
|- 
| 88496
| 88140
| [[Valdonis curtis (Vosegus)|Valdonis curtis]]
|- 
| 88497
| 88330
| [[Wauxoncuria]]
|- 
| 88498
| 88200
| [[Vecoux]]
|- 
| 88499
| 88270
| [[Velotte-et-Tatignécourt]]
|- 
| 88500
| 88310
| [[Ventron]]
|- 
| 88501
| 88210
| [[Le Vermont]]
|- 
| 88502
| 88600
| [[Vervezelle]]
|- 
| 88503
| 88110
| [[Vexaincourt]]
|- 
| 88504
| 88170
| [[Vicherey]]
|- 
| 88505
| 88430
| [[Vienville]]
|- 
| 88506
| 88210
| [[Vieux-Moulin (Vosegus)|Vieux-Moulin]]
|- 
| 88507
| 88500
| [[Villers (Vosegus)|Villers]]
|- 
| 88508
| 88270
| [[Ville-sur-Illon]]
|- 
| 88509
| 88150
| [[Villoncourt]]
|- 
| 88510
| 88320
| [[Villotte]]
|- 
| 88511
| 88350
| [[Villouxel]]
|- 
| 88512
| 88600
| [[Viménil]]
|- 
| 88513
| 88450
| [[Vincey]]
|- 
| 88514
| 88170
| [[Viocourt]]
|- 
| 88515
| 88260
| [[Vioménil]]
|- 
| 88516
| 88800
| [[Vittel]]
|- 
| 88517
| 88260
| [[Vivarium (Vosegus)|Vivarium]]
|- 
| 88518
| 88500
| [[Viverium]]
|- 
| 88519
| 88470
| [[La Voivre (Vosegus)|La Voivre]]
|- 
| 88520
| 88240
| [[Les Voivres]]
|- 
| 88521
| 88700
| [[Vomécourt]]
|- 
| 88522
| 88500
| [[Vomécourt-sur-Madon]]
|- 
| 88523
| 88170
| [[Vouxey]]
|- 
| 88524
| 88140
| [[Vrécourt]]
|- 
| 88525
| 88500
| [[Vroville]]
|- 
| 88526
| 88520
| [[Wisembach]]
|- 
| 88527
| 88700
| [[Xaffévillers]]
|- 
| 88528
| 88460
| [[Xamontarupt]]
|- 
| 88529
| 88130
| [[Xaronval]]
|- 
| 88530
| 88220
| [[Scatiniacum]]
|- 
| 88531
| 88400
| [[Xonrupt-Longemer]]
|- 
| 88532
| 88330
| [[Zincourt]]
|}
{{Indices communium praefecturarum Franciae}}
[[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Vosegi|!]]</text>
      <sha1>ga03rohx7jzetznn0ki0aq2n9t820qk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rowan Atkinson</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>130900</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3998811</id>
      <parentid>3755319</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-03T07:19:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>139091</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6)</comment>
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      <text bytes="1378" sha1="dd4dgl4vude7s6vtlgo3gcsb7v5dam4" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:RowanAtkinsonMar07.jpg|right|thumb|Rowan Atkinson]]
'''Rowan Atkinson''' (natus die [[6 Ianuarii]] [[1955]] in oppido [[Consett]] [[Dunelmensis comitatus]]), alumnus [[Universitas Novocastellensis|Universitatis Novocastellensis]] et [[Collegium Reginae (Oxonia)|Collegii Reginae]] apud [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Oxonienses]], est [[comoedus]], [[histrio]] et [[scriptor]] [[Anglia|Anglicus]]. Praeclarus est ut qui personas [[Mr. Bean]], [[Blackadder (persona)|Blackadder]] in [[televisio]]nis serie [[Blackadder|eiusdem nominis]] et Johnny English egit et ut histrio in pellicula ''[[Scooby Doo]]''.

== Pelliculae selectae ==
* [[1993]]: [[Four Weddings and a Funeral]]
* [[1994]]: [[The Lion King]]
* [[1997]]: [[Bean]]
* [[2002]]: [[Scooby Doo]]
* [[2003]]: [[Johnny English]]
* [[2003]]: [[Love Actually]]
* [[2007]]: [[Mr. Bean's Holiday]]
* [[2011]]: [[Johnny English Reborn]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Rowan Atkinson}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090930190111/http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/571262/index.html Rowan Atkinson in BFI Screenonline]
* {{IMDb name|0000100|Rowan Atkinson}}

{{bio-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Atkinson, Rowan}}
[[Categoria:Actores Angliae]]
[[Categoria:Comoedi]]
[[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Novocastellensis]]
[[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Oxoniensis]]
[[Categoria:Nati 1955]]
[[Categoria:Homines vivi]]</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Palatium Regale Matriti</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>131219</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3998728</id>
      <parentid>3723977</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T21:14:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>139091</id>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6)</comment>
      <origin>3998728</origin>
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      <text bytes="3614" sha1="8aw0xv38wpdkzug66319r3ei3ff30v9" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:PalacioReal1.jpg|thumb|250px|Frons Palatii, iuxta [[Horti Sabatini|Hortos Sabatini]]]]
[[Fasciculus:Palacio Real with lamp.jpg|thumb|left|270px|Frons iuxta [[Forum Orientis]]]]
[[Fasciculus:Madrid Royal Palace at Night.JPG|thumb|250px|Visio noctu iuxta [[Theatrum Regale Matriti]], cum statua [[Philippus IV (rex Hispaniae)|Philippi IV]].]]
'''Palatium Regale [[Matritum|Matriti]]''' ([[lingua hispanica|Hispanice]], '''''Palacio Real de Madrid''''') [[domus regia|domus officialis]] [[rex Hispaniae|regis Hispaniae]] more neoclassico est, quod praesertim ad caerimonias officiales utatur, quoniam Reges in [[Palatium Zarzuela|Palatio Zarzuela]] habitant.&lt;ref&gt;Patrimonio Nacional [https://web.archive.org/web/20130112062553/http://www.patrimonionacional.es/Home/Palacios-Reales/Palacio-Real-de-Madrid.aspx «Palacio Real de Madrid»]. [Consultus est did 9 Ianuarii 2011] ([[lingua hispanica]]).&lt;/ref&gt; Maius palatium in [[Europa]] Occidentale est ob [[Area (geometria)|area]]m (135.000 m² et 3.418 cubiculos habet). In palatio est pretiosum et magnum patrimonium historico-artisticum, exempli gratia [[Stradivarius Palatini]] et etiam colectiones graves [[pictura]]e, [[sculptura]]e et [[aulea]]rum.&lt;ref&gt;Fernando Chueca Goitia, ''El Palacio Real de Madrid'', Legio, Everest, [[2000]] (lingua hispanica). ISBN 84-241-4947-5. Pagina 10.&lt;/ref&gt;

Aedificatum est super vestigia [[Regalum Alcazarum Matriti]], et destructum fuit ob incendium anno [[1734]], decreti causa regis [[Philippus V (rex Hispaniae)|Philippi V]]. Aedificatio huius palatii anno [[1738]] coepit, secundum imagines delineatas [[architectura|architecti]] [[Filippo Juvara|Philippi Juvara]], qui ab discipulo illo [[Ioanne Baptista Sachetti|Ioannes Baptista Sachetti]] multur mutati sunt.&lt;ref&gt;Chueca, pagina 16.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Franciscus Sabatini]] aedificium terminavit et decoravit. Rex [[Carolus III (rex Hispaniae)|Carolus III]] primus monarcha fuit qui in palatio habitavit.&lt;ref&gt;Chueca, pagina 17.&lt;/ref&gt;

Postremus monarcha qui in palatio habitavit [[Alphonsus XIII (rex Hispaniae)|Alphonsus XIII]] fuit, tamen [[Manuel Azaña y Díaz]], praeses [[Res Publica Hispanica Secunda|Rei Publicae Hispanicae Secundae]], illic etiam habitavit.&lt;ref&gt;Chueca, pagina 18.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fontes ==

&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==

{{commonscat|Royal Palace of Madrid|Palatium Regale Matriti}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130112062553/http://www.patrimonionacional.es/Home/Palacios-Reales/Palacio-Real-de-Madrid.aspx Palatium Regale Matriti in ''Patrimonio Nacional''] (lingua hispanica)
* [http://www.fundacion.telefonica.com/arsvirtual/media/visitas/palacio_ac/palacio/palacio.htm Visio virtualis Palatii Regalis] (lingua hispanica)
* [http://www.madridhistorico.com/seccion7_enciclopedia/infografia.php?idinformacion=559/ Palatium Regale Matriti in ''Madrid Histórico''] — Photographias et historiam singulatim includit (lingua hispanica)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20141026121235/http://www.urbanity.es/foro/edificios-en-general-mad/12500-madrid-ampliacion-del-palacio-real-5.html Planta, altitudo et sectio ampliationis Sabatini Palatii Regalis] (lingua hispanica)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20141026205033/http://www.realbiblioteca.es/ Real Biblioteca] (Catalogus Regalis Bibliotecae includit) (lingua hispanica)
* [http://www.scribd.com/doc/30789563/El-Palacio-Real-de-Madrid Musica in Palatio Regale Matriti] (lingua hispanica)
* [http://maps.google.com/maps?q=madrid,+spain&amp;ll=40.417727,-3.713497&amp;spn=0.003453,0.007308&amp;t=k&amp;hl=en Palatium Regale Matriti in ''Google Maps'']

[[Categoria:Matritum]]
[[Categoria:Domus principales]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Atrophaneura</title>
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      <text bytes="4551" sha1="eszyftcz5gxvgrqa1cihrc5evl905sv" xml:space="preserve">{{Titulus italicus}}
{{Taxobox
| name = ''Atrophaneura''
| image = Atrophaneura dasarada f.png
| image_caption = ''[[Atrophaneura dasarada]]'', [[femina (sexus)|femina]]
| regnum = [[Animalia]]
| phylum = [[Arthropoda]]
| classis = [[Insecta]]
| ordo = [[Lepidoptera]]
| familia = [[Papilionidae]]
| subfamilia = [[Papilioninae]]
| genus = '''''Atrophaneura'''''
| genus_authority = [[Tryon Reakirt|Reakirt]], [1865]&lt;ref name=funet&gt;[http://www.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/papilionoidea/papilionidae/papilioninae/atrophaneura/index.html De genere] apud situm funet.fi.&lt;/ref&gt;
| synonyms =
*''Polydorus'' Swainson, [1833]
*''Pachliopta'' Reakirt, [1865]
*''Byasa'' Moore, 1882
*''Pangerana'' Moore, 1886
*''Panosmia'' Wood-Mason &amp; de Nicéville, 1886
*''Tros'' Kirby, 1896
*''Karanga'' Moore, [1902]
*''Losaria'' Moore, [1902]
*''Balignina'' Moore, [1902]
| subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
| subdivision = 45; ''vide cokmentarium''
}}
'''''Atrophaneura''''' est [[genus (taxinomia)|genus]] [[lepidoptera|papilionum]] [[familia (taxinomia)|familiae]] [[Papilionidae|Papilionidarum]], quae plerumque in [[Asia]] [[endemismus|endemicae sunt]].

==Species==
Ordine [[abecedarium|alphabetico]] intra greges digestae.&lt;ref name=funet/&gt;&lt;br&gt;
Specierum grex '''''latreillei''''':
*''[[Atrophaneura adamsoni]]'' (Grose-Smith, 1886)
*''[[Atrophaneura alcinous]]'' (Klug, 1836)
*''[[Atrophaneura crassipes]]'' (Oberthür, 1893)
*''[[Atrophaneura dasarada]]'' (Moore, 1857)
*''[[Atrophaneura hedistus]]'' (Jordan, 1928)
*''[[Atrophaneura impediens]]'' (Rothschild, 1895)
*''[[Atrophaneura laos]]'' Riley &amp; Godfrey, 1921
*''[[Atrophaneura latreillei]]'' (Donovan, 1826)
*''[[Atrophaneura mencius]]'' (C. &amp; R. Felder, 1862)
*''[[Atrophaneura nevilli]]'' (Wood-Mason, 1882)
*''[[Atrophaneura plutonius]]'' (Oberthür, 1876)
*''[[Atrophaneura polla]]'' (de Nicéville, 1897)
*''[[Atrophaneura polyeuctes]]'' (Doubleday, 1842)
*''[[Atrophaneura rhadinus]]'' Jordan
[[Fasciculus:Seitz9FaunaIndoAustralicaPlate017.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|Pagina ex Seitz, ''Macrolepidoptera of the World.'']]
Specierum grex '''''nox''''':
*''[[Atrophaneura aidoneus]]'' (Doubleday, 1845)
*''[[Atrophaneura dixoni]]'' (Grose-Smith, 1900)
*''[[Atrophaneura horishana]]'' (Matsumura, 1910)
*''[[Atrophaneura kuehni]]'' (Honrath, 1886)
*''[[Atrophaneura luchti]]'' (Gray, 1852)
*''[[Atrophaneura nox]]'' (Swainson, 1822)
*''[[Atrophaneura priapus]]'' (Boisduval, 1836)
*''[[Atrophaneura semperi]]'' (C. &amp; R. Felder, 1861)
*''[[Atrophaneura sycorax]]'' (Grose-Smith, 1885)
*''[[Atrophaneura varuna]]'' (White, 1842)
*''[[Atrophaneura zaleucus]]'' (Hewitson, [1865])

[[Fasciculus:Seitz9FaunaIndoAustralicaPlate016.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|Pagina ex Seitz, ''Macrolepidoptera of the World'']]
Specierum grex '''''coon''''':
*''[[Atrophaneura coon]]'' (Fabricius, 1793)
*''[[Atrophaneura palu]]'' (Martin, 1912) (aliquando [[subspecies]] ''Atrophaneurae coon'' habita&lt;ref&gt;Hancook, D. L. (1982), &quot;A note on Atrophaneura palu (Martin) 1912,&quot; ''Papilo International'' 1(3): 71–73.&lt;/ref&gt;)
*''[[Atrophaneura rhodifer]]'' (Butler, 1876)
*''[[Atrophaneura neptunus]]'' (Guérin-Méneville, 1840)
[[Fasciculus:Seitz9FaunaIndoAustralicaPlate015.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|Pagina ex Seitz, ''Macrolepidoptera of the World.'']]

Specierum grex '''''pachliopta''''':
*''[[Atrophaneura aristolochiae]]'' (Fabricius, 1775)
*''[[Atrophaneura antiphus]]'' (Fabricius, 1793)
*''[[Atrophaneura atropos]]'' (Staudinger, 1888)
*''[[Atrophaneura hector]]'' (Linnaeus, 1758)
*''[[Atrophaneura jophon]]'' (Gray, [1853])
*''[[Atrophaneura kotzebuea]]'' (Eschscholtz, 1821)
*''[[Atrophaneura leytensis]]'' (Murayama, 1978)
*''[[Atrophaneura liris]]'' (Godart, 1819)
*''[[Atrophaneura mariae]]'' (Semper, 1878)
*''[[Atrophaneura oreon]]'' (Doherty, 1891)
*''[[Atrophaneura pandiyana]]'' (Moore, 1881)
*''[[Atrophaneura phlegon]]'' (C. &amp; R. Felder, 1864)
*''[[Atrophaneura polydorus]]'' (Linnaeus, 1763)
*''[[Atrophaneura polyphontes]]'' (Boisduval, 1836)
*''[[Atrophaneura schadenbergi]]'' (Semper, 1891)
*''[[Atrophaneura strandi]]'' (Bryk, 1930)

==Notae==
&lt;references/&gt;

==Nexus externi==
{{CommuniaCat|Atrophaneura|''Atrophaneuram''}}
{{wikispecies|Atrophaneura|''Atrophaneuram''}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20170217184734/http://en.butterflycorner.net/Genus-ATROPHANEURA.361.0.html De genere] apud situm butterflycorner.net
*[http://www.flickr.com/search/?q=atrophaneura&amp;m=text Photographemata] apud situm flickr.com

[[Categoria:Atrophaneura|*]]
[[Categoria:Taxa Reakirt]]
[[Categoria:Taxa 1865]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Polyphagidae</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="3733" sha1="7bl33is32tgqe55u2aqck48nazd1mq1" xml:space="preserve">{{movenda|Corydiidae}}
{{Taxobox
| name = Polyphagidae
| image = Блестящий таракан-черепашка.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Polyphaga pellucida]]'' in museo zoologico [[Petropolis|Petropolitano]]
| regnum = [[Animalia]]
| phylum = [[Arthropoda]]
| classis = [[Insecta]]
| ordo = [[Blattaria]]
| familia = '''Polyphagidae'''
| subdivision_ranks = [[Subfamilia]]e
| subdivision =
[[Euthyrrhaphinae]] &lt;br&gt;
[[Holocompsinae]] &lt;br&gt;
[[Latindiinae]] &lt;br&gt;
[[Polyphaginae]]&lt;br&gt;
[[Tiviinae]]
}}
[[Fasciculus:Arenivaga_floridensis.jpg|thumb|''[[Arenivaga floridensis]]'']]
[[Fasciculus:SevenSpotRoach2.jpg|thumb|''[[Therea petiveriana]]'' in [[India]]]]

'''Polyphagidae''' ([[Anglice]] ''sand cockroaches'') sunt [[familia (taxinomia)|familia]] [[insecta|insectorum]] [[ordo (taxinomia)|ordinis]] [[Blattodea|Blatrodeorum]]. Huic familiae sunt [[quinque]] [[subfamilia]]e fere [[quadraginta]] [[genus (taxinomia)|genera]] comprehendentes.&lt;ref&gt;http://blattodea.speciesfile.org/Common/basic/Taxa.aspx?TaxonNameID=26 De familia] apud situm blattodea.speciesfile.org.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Species (taxinomia)|species]] bene nota est ''[[Arenivaga investigata]].''

==Systematica specierum Europae ==
* '''[[Ectognatha]]''' (vera insecta) 
** '''Dicondylia'''
*** '''[[Pterygota]]'''
**** '''[[Neoptera]]''' 
***** '''Dictyoptera''' 
****** '''[[Blattodea]]'''
******* Familia [[Polyphagidae]]
******** Subfamilia [[Euthyrrhaphinae]]
********* Genus ''[[Euthyrrhapha]]'' Burmeister, [[1838]]
********** ''[[Euthyrrhapha pacifica]]''
********* Genus ''[[Zetha]]'' Shelford, [[1913]], [[unus|una]] species in [[Kanariøyene]]{{dubsig}}
********** ''[[Zetha simonyi]]'' (Krauss, [[1892]])
******** Subfamilia [[Holocompsinae]]&lt;!-- bare én slekt med to arter--&gt;
********* Genus ''[[Holocompsa]]'' Burmeister, [[1838]]
********** ''[[Holocompsa azteca]]''
********** ''[[Holocompsa nitidula]]''
******** Subfamilia [[Latindiinae]], [[decem]] species
********* Genus ''[[Buboblatta]],'' [[duo]] species
********* Genus ''[[Latindia]],'' [[octo]] species
******** Subfamilia [[Polyphaginae]], plus quam [[centum]] species&lt;!-- tallrike slekter. I Europa:--&gt;
********* Genus ''[[Hemelytroblatta]]'' Chopard, [[1929]]
********** ''[[Hemelytroblatta cypria]]'' Chopard, [[1929]], in [[Cyprus]]
********* Genus ''[[Heterogamodes]]'' Chopard, [[1929]]
********** ''[[Heterogamodes ursina]]'' (Burmeister, [[1838]]), in [[Sicilia]]
********* Genus ''[[Polyphaga (slekt)|Polyphaga]]'' Brullé, [[1835]]
********** ''[[Polyphaga aegyptiaca]]'' ([[Linnaeus]], [[1758]]), in [[Europa]] meridio-orientali ad occidentem ad [[Italia]]m
********* Genus ''[[Psammoblatta]]'' Bei-Bienko, [[1950]], [[tres]] species in [[Graecia]] et [[Cyprus|Cypro]]
******** Subfamilia [[Tiviinae]], [[sedecim]] species
********* Genus ''[[Sphecophila]],'' una species
********* Genus ''[[Tivia]],'' [[quindecim]] species
******** Sedes incerta&lt;!--Usikker plassering--&gt;
********* Genus ''[[Heterogamisca]]'' Bei-Bienko, [[1950]]
********** ''[[Heterogamisca bifoveolata]]'' (Bolivár, [[1914]]), in [[Hispania]]

{{NexInt}}
*''[[Therea (genus)|Therea]]''

==Nota==
&lt;div class=&quot;references-small&quot;&gt;&lt;references/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

==Nexus externi==
* [http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Blattaria&amp;contgroup=Dictyoptera De Dictyopteris, cum photogrammatibus] apud situm tolweb.org (Arbor Vitae)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170606124235/http://www.entomologi.no/ De entomologia] apud situm entomologi.no (Norsk Entomologisk forening)
* [http://www.nhm.uio.no/norort/index.html &quot;Norges Gresshopper, og gresshoppelignende insekter,&quot;] apud situm nhm.uio.no
* [http://bugguide.net/node/view/79986/bgimage Photogrammata specierum Americae Septentrionalis] apud situm bugguide.net

[[Categoria:Blattodea]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Pactum Lausannense</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>137097</id>
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      <id>3998721</id>
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      <text bytes="1080" sha1="pvanlcn4subunls1ews9vp7ntxwzovz" xml:space="preserve">'''Pactum Lausannense''' die [[24 Iulii]] anno [[1923]] in [[Palatium Ouchy|Palatio Ouchy]] ([[Lausonium|Lausonii]]) factum est inter [[Turcia]]m  atque [[Britanniarum Regnum]], [[Francia]]m, [[Italia]]m, [[Iaponia]]m, [[Graecia]]m, [[Romania]]m et [[Regnum Iugoslaviae]].

Quo pacto Turcia, cum anno [[1922]] [[Bellum Graeco-Turcicum (1919-1922)|bellum Graeco-Turcicum]] vicisset, constitutiones [[Pactum Sèvresense|Pacti Separensis]] sua sententia commutare potuit.

== Bibliographia ==
* Karl Strupp (Ed.): ''Der Vertrag von Lausanne. Text mit Erläuterungen und ausführlicher Einleitung über die Entwicklung des Reparationsproblems''. Roth, Giessen 1932

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Treaty of Lausanne|Pactum Lausannense}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050710083516/http://www.lib.byu.edu/~rdh/wwi/1918p/lausanne.html Textus pacti] (Anglice)

[[Categoria:Foedera]]
[[Categoria:Historia Europae]]
[[Categoria:Historia Graeciae]]
[[Categoria:Historia Turciae]]
[[Categoria:Armenia]]
[[Categoria:Paces]]
[[Categoria:1923]]
[[Categoria:Lausonium]]

{{Myrias|Historia}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Saint-Cézaire-sur-Siagne</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>137473</id>
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      <text bytes="745" sha1="4rnfgbrh4qej4chin6nvdtzkustv57e" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Saint-Cézaire-sur-Siagne -034.jpg|thumb|200 px|Saint-Cézaire-sur-Siagne: vici conciliabulum]]
''' Saint-Cézaire-sur-Siagne''' est commune 3575 incolarum (anno [[2008]]) praefecturae [[Alpes Maritimae (praefectura Franciae)|Alpium Maritimarum]] in [[Francia]]e austro-orientalis regione [[Provincia et Alpis]].
{{NexInt}}
* [[Index communium praefecturae Alpium Maritimarum]]
== Nexus externi ==

{{CommuniaCat}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160611193717/http://www.saintcezairesursiagne.fr/ Saint-Cézaire-sur-Siagne pagina interretialis]
* {{INSEE commune|06118|de=Saint-Cézaire-sur-Siagne}}
{{geo-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Praefecturae Alpium Maritimarum]]
[[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Alpium maritimarum]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Religio Islamica in Graecia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>138496</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3998805</id>
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      <text bytes="5309" sha1="htbxzx4ih6qs4wd65yeytuy9bgefvpc" xml:space="preserve">'''[[Religio Islamica]] in [[Graecia]]''' in variis communitatibus indigenis ac advenis consistit.

== Musulmani indigenae ==
[[Fasciculus:Greek Janissaries - Greek youths who are being converted to Islam - Young Greeks at the Mosque - oil painting on canvas - Jean Léon Gérôme - 1865.JPG|thumb|&quot;Adulescentes Graeci in meschita&quot; ([[Ioannes Leo Gérôme]], olium in linteo,  1865); pictura [[Musulmanus Graecus|Musulmanos Graecos]] in [[meschita]] orantes demonstrans).]]

Musulmani Graeciae indigenae ad plures greges inter se gente, lingua ac rebus oeconomicis differentes pertinent: [[Pomaci]], [[Turcae]], quaedam gentes [[Zingari|Zingarorum]] et [[Musulmani Graeci]], qui imprimis saeculis [[saeculum 17|decimo septimo]] et [[saeculum 18|duodevicesimo]] fidem Islamicam susceperunt. Numerus Musulmanorum &quot;commutatione incolarum&quot; anno [[1923]] inter [[Graecia]]m et [[Turcia]]m facta valde diminutus est, sed etiam fere 1.5 millionibus [[Graeci|Graecorum]] patria (i.e. [[Asia Minor]]) relinquenda erat.

Notio ''Minoritas Musulmanica'' (Μουσουλμανική μειονότητα) ad Musulmanos in [[Thracia]] occidentali habitantes refert. Anno [[1923]], ut erat in [[Pactum Lausannense|Pacto Lausannensi]] constitutum, Musulmanis in Graecia habitantibus in Turciam emigrandum fuit, contra in Graeciam [[Ecclesiae Orthodoxae|Christianis Orthodoxis]] in Turcia habitantibus.  Musulmanis autem Thraciae occidentalis, quae ex tunc ad Graeciam pertinebat, et Christianis [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopolitanis]] necnon incolis insularum [[Imbros|Imbri]] et [[Tenedos|Tenedi]] in patria manere licebat. 
In urbe [[Comotene]] Musulmani paene 40 centesimae incolarum efficiunt, in urbe [[Xanthe]] 23 centesimae. 

Etiam in quibusdam [[Dodecanesus|Dodecanesi]] insulis, quae, quia inter annos [[1911]]-[[1947]] ad [[Italia]]m pertinebant, commutatione incolarum affectae non sunt, parvae communitates Islamicae exstant. Horum fere 3000 Musulmanorum plerique se Turcas esse et Turcice loqui confitentur. Communitates maximae [[Rhodus|Rhodi]] et [[Cos|Coi]] (imprimis in vico ''Platani'') inveniuntur.&lt;ref&gt;[http://turkishimage.blogspot.com/2008/03/lecturer-of-turkish-language-in-rhodes.html Magister Islamicus Rhodi natus]&lt;/ref&gt; Statu minoritario carent.

Plerique [[Pomaci]] in vicis [[Thracia]]e occidentalis in montibus [[Rhodope]]iis sitis vivunt. Cum plurimi Zingari Graeci sint [[Ecclesiae Orthodoxae|Orthodoxi]] , Zingari Thracici  Musulmani esse solent. 

Numerus eorum Musulmanorum, qui ad minoritatem agnitam pertinent quique maxima ex parte in Thracia habitant, a 98 000 usque ad 140 000 (inter 0.9% et 1.2%) aestimatur, cum numerus Musulmanorum advenarum inter 200 000 et 500 000 sit.&lt;ref&gt;Ta Nea die 23 Aprilis 2010&lt;/ref&gt; Advenae [[Albania|Albanici]] fidei Islamicae esse putantur, etsi plerique eorum rationes [[saecularismus|saeculares]] sequuntur.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2006/71383.htm US State Department: Greece]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Immigratio Musulmanorum illicita ==
[[Fasciculus:20100425 Fillyra Mosque Ibrahim Serif Thrace Greece 1.jpg|thumb|Musulmani in meschita Thraciae orantes.]]
Primi fidei Islamicae advenae annorum 1950 ex [[Aegyptus|Aegypto]] oriundi plerique magnis in urbibus, [[Athenae|Athenis]] et [[Thessalonica]], sedes collocaverunt. ab anno [[1990]] numerus advenarum Islamicorum crescebat, quorum plurimi e civitatibus [[Balcania]]e venerunt, imprimis ex [[Albania]], [[Macedonia]] et aliis olim [[Iugoslavia]]e regionibus.  Ad operas quaerendas in Graeciam venientes labores infimos susceperunt, postea familiis adductis imprimis Athenis Thessalonicaque sedes collocaverunt. Census anni [[2001]] 443 550 homines gente Albanica in Graecia habitantes profert, advenas illicitas neglegens. Maxima advenarum pars Athenis vivit. 

{{NexInt}}
*[[Bellum rerum novarum Graecum]]
*[[Pactum Lausannense]]

== Notae ==
&lt;div class=&quot;references-small&quot;&gt;&lt;references /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
*Demetrius A. Antonii (mense Iulii 2003): &quot;Muslim Immigrants in Greece: Religious Organization and Local Responses&quot;. Immigrants and Minorities 22 (2–3): 155–174. in interrete: [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0261928042000244808].
*D. Christopulos / M. Pauli (edd.): &quot;The Greece of migration.&quot; Centrum Creticum gregibus minoritariis investigandis ([https://web.archive.org/web/20111221101115/http://www.kemo.gr/ KEMO]), Athenis, pp. 267–302.[2]
*K. Tsitselices (2004): “Religious freedom of immigrants: The case of the Muslims”, (Neograece).
*K. Tsitselices (2004): &quot;The legal status of Islam in Greece,&quot; 44/3 Die Welt des Islams, pp. 402–431.


== Nexus externi ==
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2371541.stm BBC - Olympic City to Build First Mosque]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060626072925/http://www.e-grammes.gr/article.php?id=2086 Γκιουλμπεγιάζ Καραχασάν: Παιχνίδι με την φωτιά]
*[http://www.ekathimerini.com/4dcgi/_w_articles_columns_100022_12/05/2006_69605 Musulmana Graeca candidata PASOK nominata]
*[http://www.islamicfinder.org/worldIslamicCountry.php?more=more&amp;startPoint=0&amp;endPoint=50&amp;country=greece&amp;lang= Societas Islamica in Graecia]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20190716231644/http://pomakdictionary.tripod.com/ Lexicon Pomacicum]

[[Categoria:Religio Islamica]]
[[Categoria:Graecia]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mrs. Sarah Longe her Receipt Booke</title>
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      <text bytes="1148" sha1="d15a2surr4c5qxw1onfgegryw98u3tp" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Sarah Longe sugar cakes.jpg|thumb|Praeceptum ex hoc libro selectum]]
'''''Mrs. Sarah Longe her Receipt Booke''''' est liber manu scriptus in [[Bibliotheca Shakesperiana Folger]] [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasingtonia]]e servatus. De auctore Sarah Longe nihil scitur. Hunc librum praeceptorum culinariorum necnon pharmacologicorum anno circiter 1610 exscripsit.

== Editio ==
* Rachel Doggett, E. Dever Powell, Heidi Brayman Hackel, edd., &quot;Mrs. Sarah Longe her Receipt Booke&quot; in Mary Anne Caton, Joan Thirsk, edd., ''Fooles and Fricassees: food in Shakespeare's England'' (University of Washington Press, 2000. ISBN 978-0295979267) pp. 98-119

{{NexInt}}
* [[Libri de re culinaria aevo litterarum renatarum scripti]]
* [[Libri de medicamentis aevo litterarum renatarum scripti]]

== Nexus externi ==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120111035618/http://shakespeare.folger.edu/ Hamnet] (catalogus Bibliothecae)

{{Nexus absunt}}

[[Categoria:Bibliotheca Shakesperiana Folger]]
[[Categoria:Scripta saeculo 17]]
[[Categoria:Angliae scripta]]
[[Categoria:Litterae Anglicae]]
[[Categoria:Libri de re coquinaria]]
[[Categoria:Libri de medicamentis]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Maubec (Vallis Clausa)</title>
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''' Maubec ''' est commune 1829 incolarum (anno [[2008]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Vallis Clausa (praefectura Franciae)|Vallis Clausae]] in [[Francia]]e australis regione [[Provincia et Alpis|Provincia et Alpibus]].

{{NexInt}}

* [[Index communium praefecturae Vallis Clausae]]

== Nexus externi ==

{{CommuniaCat|Maubec |Maubec }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100505053743/http://www.mairiemaubec-luberon.fr/ Maubec pagina interretialis]
* {{INSEE commune|84071|de=Maubec}}
{{geo-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Praefecturae Vallis Clausae]]
[[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Vallis Clausae]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Scopulus curalii</title>
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      <text bytes="17015" sha1="3zk98d9krz3a7ua9ueejcvo4q0wspuf" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Coral atoll formation animation.gif|thumb|Scopulus fimbricus&lt;!--fringing--&gt; ut natus sit 10 000 annorum requirere potest, et [[atollum]] usque ad 30 milliones annorum.&lt;ref&gt;[http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/kits/corals/media/supp_coral04a.html Animation of coral atoll formation] [[NOAA]] Ocean Education Service.&lt;/ref&gt;]]
'''Scopulus curalii'''&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Maximum stationis aquarium est exemplar scopuli curalii Caribici.&quot; ''[https://glosbe.com/en/la/coral Glosbe''&lt;/ref&gt; vel '''corallinus''' est structura submarina [[carbonatum calcii|carbonato calcii]] a [[curalium|curaliis]] effecto. Scopuli curalii sunt [[colonia]]e perparvorum [[animalia|animalium]] vivorum quae in [[aqua|aquis]] [[mare|marinis]] pauca [[alimentum|alimenta]] continentibus [[habitatio|habitant]]. Plurimi scopuli curalii ex [[curalium saxosum|curaliis saxosis]] [[aedificium|aedificantur]], qui vicissim in [[Polypus (biologia)|polypis]] in gregibus coalescentibus consistunt. Polypi perparvorum [[actiniaria|actiniariorum]] similes sunt, quibus ei sunt arte cognati; dissimiles autem actiniariorum, polypi curalii dura [[exosceletum|exosceleta]] [[carbonatum|carbonati]] efficiunt quae sua [[corpus (physica)|corpora]] sustinent et defendunt. Scopuli in aquis [[calor|calidis]], humilibus, claris, apricis, agitatis optime crescunt.
[[Fasciculus:Maldives small island.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|left|Parvum [[atollum]] in [[Maldivia|Maldiviis]] situm.]]
[[Fasciculus:Maldives - Kurumba Island.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Caio]]&lt;!--cay--&gt; in [[Maldivia|Maldiviis]] habitatum.]]

Scopuli curalii, saepe &quot;marinae [[silva pluvialis|silvae pluviales]]&quot; appellati, nonnulla ex diversissimis orbis terrarum [[oecosystema]]tibus aedificant. Minus quam 0.1 centesimam [[superficies|superficiei]] [[oceanus|oceanicae]] occupant (fere dimidium [[area (geometria)|areae]] [[Francia]]e), sed habitationem pro 25 centesimis omnium [[species (taxinomia)|specierum]] maritimarum praebent,&lt;ref&gt;M. D. Spalding et A. M. Grenfell, 1997, [http://www.springerlink.com/content/ccxb165016ma8792/ &quot;New estimates of global and regional coral reef areas,&quot;]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ''Coral Reefs'' 16(4): 225–230. {{doi|10.1007/s003380050078}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Spalding&quot;&gt;Spalding, Mark, Corinna Ravilious, and Edmund Green (2001). ''World Atlas of Coral Reefs''. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press and UNEP/WCMC {{ISBN|0520232550}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Mulhall&gt;M. Mulhall [https://web.archive.org/web/20100106053233/http://www.law.duke.edu/shell/cite.pl?19+Duke+Envtl.+L.+&amp;+Pol%27y+F.+321+pdf Saving rainforests of the sea: An analysis of international efforts to conserve coral reefs,] ''Duke Environmental Law and Policy Forum'' 19 (2007): 321–351.&lt;/ref&gt;
inter quas [[piscis|pisces]], [[mollusca]], [[vermis|vermes]], [[crustacea]], [[echinodermata]], [[spongia]]e, [[tunicata]]e, et alia [[cnidaria]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book
|title=Hawai{{okina}}i's Sea Creatures
|last=Hoover |first=John
|isbn=1-5854702902
|publisher=Mutual
|date=November, [[2007]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Admirabilia Darwiniana|Quod est admirabile contraque opinionem omnium,]]&lt;!--Darwin's paradox--&gt; scopuli curalii florere possunt quamquam ab [[aqua|aquis]] [[oceanus|oceanicis]] quae pauca [[alimentum|nutrimenta]] praebent cingantur: saepissime inveniuntur in altitudinibus humilibus in aquis [[zona tropica|tropicis]], sed curalia [[curalium aquae altae|aquae altae]] et aquae frigidae etiam in numeris minoribus aliter existunt.

== Genera ==
[[Fasciculus:Coral reef diagram.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Tres maiores scopuli curalii zonae: scopulus anterior, crista scopuli, et scopulus posterior (adumbratio Anglice signata).]]
[[Fasciculus:Coral reef locations.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Loci scopulorum curalii.]]
Tria principalia scopulorum genera sunt:

* [[Fimbria]]&lt;!--fringing--&gt;: scopulus plerumque ad litus adligatus, vel id attingit cum humili canale vel [[lacuna]] interiacente.
* Obex: scopulus a continente vel litore insulae a canale alto vel [[lacuna]] separatus.
* [[Atollum]]: obex plus minusve [[circulus|rotunda]] vel continua omnino circa lacunam [[insula]] in medio carentem patet.
[[Fasciculus:Coral polyp it.svg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Anatomia]] polypi curalii (adumbratio Anglice signata).]]
[[Fasciculus:FFS Table bottom.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Acropora]].]]
[[Fasciculus:Coral detail.jpg|thumb|vPopyli in curalio conveniunt, [[tentaculum|tentacula]] agitantes. Milia popyporum in singulo curalii ramo iacere possunt.]]

== Pinacotheca ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Fasciculus:Brain coral.jpg|Una ex [[Faviidae|Faviidis]]
Fasciculus:Staghorn-coral-1.jpg|''[[Acropora cervicornis]]''
Fasciculus:Cirripathes sp (Spiral Wire Coral).jpg|Curalium spirale
Fasciculus:PillarCoral.jpg|''[[Dendrogyra cylindricus]]''
&lt;/gallery&gt;

[[Fasciculus:Polyps (PSF).png|thumb|upright=0.8|Adumbratio polyporum curalii.]]
[[Fasciculus:Multy color corals.JPG|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Color]] curaliorum ex [[fuscus|fuscis]] ab eorum [[zooxanthellae|zooxanthellis]] et [[proteinum|proteinis]] coloratis ([[ruber|rubri]], [[caeruleus|caerulei]], [[viridis|virides]], etc.) a curaliis ipsis genitis dependet.]]
[[Fasciculus:Callyspongia sp. (Tube sponge).jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Spongia]]e tubulares pisces [[familia (taxinomia)|familiarum]] [[Ambassidae|Ambassidarum]], [[Apogonidae|Apogonidarum]], [[Labridae|Labridarum]] attrahunt.]]
[[Fasciculus:Coral reef PloS.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Organismus|Organismi]] omnem scopulum curalii tegere possunt.]]

== Animalia quae scopulos habitant ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Fasciculus:Prionurus laticlavius.jpg|''[[Shoaling and schooling|Schooling]]'' [[piscis scopuli|pisces scopuli]].
Fasciculus:Caribbean reef squid.jpg|''[[Sepioteuthis sepioidea]].''
Fasciculus:Stenopus hispidus (high res).jpg|''[[Stenopus hispidus]].''
Fasciculus:Triaenodon obesus moc.jpg|''[[Triaenodon obesus]].''
Fasciculus:Green turtle John Pennekamp.jpg|''[[Chelonia mydas]].''
Fasciculus:Red sea-reef 3627.jpg|''[[Tridacna gigas]].''
Fasciculus:Nephtheidae komodo.jpg|Curalium molle, curalium caliciforme, [[spongia]]e, [[ascidia]].
Fasciculus:Laticauda colubrina (Wakatobi).jpg|''[[Laticauda colubrina]].''
Fasciculus:Latiaxis wormaldi 002.jpg|[[testa (anatomia)|Testa]] ''[[Latiaxis wormaldi]].''
&lt;/gallery&gt;

[[Fasciculus:Mvey0290.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Insula]] cum [[scopulus fimbriatus|scopulo fimbriato]] ante [[Yap]], [[Foederatae Micronesiae Civitates|Micronesiae]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Coral reefs around the world&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/interactive/2009/sep/02/coral-world-interactive |title=Coral reefs around the world |publisher=[[Guardian.co.uk]] |date=2 September 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
[[Fasciculus:Coral Outcrop Flynn Reef.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Diversa curalia.]]
[[Fasciculus:Coral planting and reef restoration may 11.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|&quot;Nubbins&quot; (Anglice) curalii in concreto nonvenenoso crescunt.]]
[[Fasciculus:Ancient coral reefs.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Antiqui curalii scopuli.]]

== Societates ==
[[Collegium (ius)|Societates]] quae proposita refectionis atollorum vel scopulorum curalii suscipiunt, simplices [[propagatio plantarum|propagationis plantarum]] rationes adhibentes:
* [[Coral Cay]] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20080516071952/http://www.coralcay.org/expeditions/marine/fj1/ Situs publicus])
* Coral Restoration Foundation: Adopt a Coral ([http://www.coralrestoration.org Situs publicus])
* [[Counterpart International]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b009jsjv ''The Coral Gardener,''] documentarium de Austin Bowden-Kerby, perito Counterpart International, apud www.bbc.co.uk.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Foundation of the peoples of the South Pacific ([https://web.archive.org/web/20080820193233/http://www.fspi.org.fj/programs.htm Situs publicus])
* National Center for Coral Reef Research
* National Coral Reef Institute ([https://web.archive.org/web/20120305192938/http://www.nova.edu/ncri/ Situs publicus])
* [[Reef Ball]]
* Southeast Florida Coral Reef Initiative
* U.S. Coral Reef Task Force
* U.S. Department of Commerce’s National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: Coral Reef Conservation Program
* [[WorldFishCenter]]: rationes promovet [[maricultura]]e sustentabiles{{dubsig}} ad crescendas [[Tridacnidae|Tridacnidas]], [[organismus|organismos]] scopuli

Societates quae studium promovent, scientiam de vita scopulorum curalii praebent, et actiones ad protegendos et reficiendos scopulos curalii promovent:
{{div col|2}}
* [[Australian Coral Reef Society]]
* [[Biosphere Foundation]] ([http://www.biospherefoundation.org Situs publicus])
* [[Chagos Conservation Trust]]
* [[Conservation Society of Pohnpei]]
* [[Coral Cay Conservation]]
* [[Coral Reef Care]]
* [[Coral Reef Alliance]] ([http://www.coral.org Situs publicus])
* [[Coral Reef Targeted Research and Capacity Building for Management]]
* [[Coral Restoration Foundation]]
* [[Coral Triangle Initiative]]
* [[Cousteau Society]]
* [[Crusoe Reef Society]]
* [[CEDAM International]]
* [[Earthwatch Institute|Earthwatch]]
* [[Environmental Defense Fund]]
* [[Environmental Solutions International]]
* [[Friends of Saba Marine Park]]
* [[Global Coral Reef Alliance]] ([http://globalcoral.org Situs publicus])
* [[Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20120307135228/http://www.reefbase.org/resource_center/publication/main.aspx?refid=27173&amp;referrer=GCRMN Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network Status of Coral Reefs of the World 2008].&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority]]
* [[Green Fins]]
* [[ICRAN Mesoamerican Reef Alliance]]
* [[International Coral Reef Initiative]] ([http://www.icriforum.org Situs publicus])
* [[International Marinelife Alliance]]
* [[International Society for Reef Studies]]
* [[Intercoast Network]]
* [[Kosrae Conservation and Safety Organization]]
* [[Marine Conservation Group]]
* [[Marine Conservation Society]]
* [[Mesoamerican Reef Tourism Initiative]]
* [[NSF Moorea Coral Reef Long-term Ecological Research]] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20130328021243/http://mcr.lternet.edu/ NSF Situs publicus])
* [[Nature Conservancy]]
* [[Ocean Voice International]]
* [[PADI]]
* [[Planetary Coral Reef Foundation]] ([http://www.pcrf.org Situs publicus])
* [[Practical Action]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20090327070602/http://practicalaction.org/docs/technical_information_service/coral_reefs.pdf Practical Action coral reef restoration Practical Action]. Practicalaction.org. Retrieved on 2011-11-08.&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Project Reefkeeper]]
* [[ReefBase]]
* [[Reef Check]]
* [[Reef Relief]] ([http://reefrelieffounders.com Situs publicus])
* [[Reefwatch]]
* [[Save Our Seas Foundation]] ([http://saveourseas.com Situs publicus])
* [[Seacology]]
* [[SECORE]]
* [[Singapore Underwater Federation]]
* [[Society for Andaman and Nicobar Ecology]]
* [[Tubbataha Foundation]]
* [[Wildlife Conservation International]]
* [[World Wide Fund for Nature]]
{{div col end}}

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
* Butler, Steven. [[1996]]. &quot;Rod? Reel? Dynamite? A tough-love aid program takes aim at the devastation of the coral reefs&quot;. ''U.S. News and World Report'', 25 Novembris 1996.&lt;!--
* Christie, P. [[2005]]a. Acroasis, 4 Maii 2005. University of Washington.
* Christie, P. [[2005]]b. Acroasis, 18 Maii 2005. University of Washington.--&gt;
* Clifton, Julian. [[2003]]. Prospects for Co-Management in Indonesia's Marine Protected Areas. ''Marine Policy'' 27(5): 389–395. doi 10.1016/S0308-597X(03)00026-5.
* Courtney, Catherine, et Alan White. [[2000]]. ''Integrated Coastal Management in the Philippines''. Taylor and Francis.
* Fox, Helen. [[2005]]. ''Experimental Assessment of Coral Reef Rehabilitation Following Blast Fishing''. The Nature Conservancy Coastal and Marine Indonesia Program. Blackwell Publishers/
* Gjertsen, Heidi. [[2004]]. ''Can Habitat Protection Lead to Improvements in Human Well-Being? Evidence from Marine Protected Areas in the Philippines.''
* Moyle, P. B. , et J. J. Cech. [[2003]]. ''Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology.'' Ed. quinta. Benjamin Cummings. ISBN 978-0-13-100847-2.
* Sadovy, Y. J. ''Ecological Issues and the Trades in Live Reef Fishes, Part 1''
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20151026043543/http://water.epa.gov/type/oceb/habitat/coral_index.cfm Coral Reef Protection: What Are Coral Reefs?]. US EPA.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20220926123729/http://www.unepscs.org/SCS_Documents/Download/13_-_Habitat_Booklets/UNEP_or_GEF_Review_of_Coral_Reefs_in_the_South_China_Sea.html UNEP. 2004. Coral Reefs in the South China Sea. UNEP/GEF/SCS Technical Publication No. 2.]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20220926123724/http://www.unepscs.org/SCS_Documents/Download/19_-_Technical_Publications_and_Guidelines/Technical_Publication_05_-_Coral_Reef_Demonstration_Sites_in_the_South_China_Sea.html UNEP. 2007. Coral Reefs Demonstration Sites in the South China Sea. UNEP/GEF/SCS Technical Publication No. 5.]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20220926123734/http://www.unepscs.org/SCS_Documents/Download/19_-_Technical_Publications_and_Guidelines/Technical_Publication_11_-_National_Reports_on_Coral_Reefs_in_the_Coastal_Waters_of_the_South_China_Sea.html UNEP, 2007. National Reports on Coral Reefs in the Coastal Waters of the South China Sea. UNEP/GEF/SCS Technical Publication No. 11.]

{{NexInt}}
* [[Atollum]]
* [[Biologia marina]]
* [[Census Scopulorum Curalii]] (propositum)
*[[Curalium hermatypicum]]
* [[Scopulus spongiarum]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{Pars vicificanda}}
{{CommuniaCat|Coral reefs|scopulos curalii}}
*[http://animals.howstuffworks.com/marine-life/coral-reef.htm How Coral Reefs Work,] apud anomals.howstuffworks.com
*[http://www.icriforum.org International Coral Reef Initiative,] apud www.icriforum.org
*[http://www.iyor.org International Year of the Reef (2008),] apud www.iyor.org
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130328021243/http://mcr.lternet.edu/ Moorea Coral Reef Long Term Ecological Research Site,] apud mcr.liternet.edu
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120620113349/http://www.coralcoe.org.au/index.html Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies,] apud www.coralcoe.org.au
*[http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list/ Coral-List Listserver for Coral Reef Information and News,] apud coral.aoml.noaa.gov
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120920205339/http://coralreef.noaa.gov/ Coral Reef Conservation Program,] apud www.coralreef.noaa.gov
*[http://www.xcaret.com/Exhibitions/Coral_Reef_Aquarium.html Exhibition of the Mexican Caribbean coral reef biodiversity aquarium in Xcaret Mexico,] apud www.xcaret.com
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20210516002650/http://gallery.wildone.in/gallery/marine-creatures/coral-reef-of-gulf-of-kutch/ Imagines Scopuli Curalii Sinus Kutch,] apud gallery.wildone.in
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120925221355/http://coris.noaa.gov/ Coral Reef Information System,] apud www.coris.noaa.gov
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130724124203/http://www.aquariumcouncil.org/ Marine Aquarium Council,] apud www.aquariumcouncil.org
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110727042839/http://www.stanford.edu/group/microdocs/ Microdocs,] apud www.stanford.edu
**[https://web.archive.org/web/20121024014723/http://www.stanford.edu/group/microdocs/typesofreefs.html Quattuor genera scopulorum,] apud www.stanford.edu
**[https://web.archive.org/web/20121024014829/http://www.stanford.edu/group/microdocs/reefstructure.html Structura scopulorum,] apud www.stanford.edu
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20121023012451/http://www.nova.edu/ncri/ National Coral Reef Institute] apud www.nova.edu
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120712021619/http://www.ncoremiami.org/ NCORE National Center for Coral Reef Research, University of Miami,] apud www.ncoremiami.org
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120831082206/http://www.reefbase.org/ A Global Information System on Coral Reefs,] apud www.reefbase.org
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20121103193456/http://www.unepscs.org/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=51&amp;Itemid=83 Science and Management of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea and Gulf of Thailand,] apud www.unepscs.org
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090512101516/http://coralreefs.nbii.gov/portal/server.pt NBII portus de scopulis curalii,] apud coralreefs.nbii.gov
*[http://www.reefrelieffounders.com Reefrelieffounders.com]: fontes, imagines, educatio, pericula, solutiones
*[http://ocean.si.edu/ocean-life-ecosystems/coral-reefs Scopuli curalii,] apud ocean.si.edu
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20121110203346/http://www.ibioseminars.org/lectures/ecology-a-behavior/nancy-knowlton.html Seminar on Corals and Coral Reefs by Nancy Knowlton (Smithsonian),] apud www.ibioseminars.org
* {{cite web
|publisher=Science Daily
|url=http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/06/090601111932.htm
|date=[[3 Iunii]] [[2009]]|title=In The Turf War Against Seaweed, Coral Reefs More Resilient Than Expected |accessdate=Februario 2011}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Scopulus curalii}}
[[Categoria:Anthozoa]]
[[Categoria:Oecosystemata]]
[[Categoria:Piscatus]]
[[Categoria:Scopuli curalii| ]]
{{Myrias|Physica}}</text>
      <sha1>3zk98d9krz3a7ua9ueejcvo4q0wspuf</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Norbertus Turini</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>161007</id>
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      <text bytes="776" sha1="3fud5bthx0k2a65bnhvg5s7gz4hs1k1" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}

'''Norbertus Turini''' ([[Canua]]e natus die [[30 Augusti]] [[1954]]) fuit ab anno [[2004]] usque ad diem [[18 Octobris]] [[2014]] [[Cadurcum|Cadurci]] (Dioecesis Cadurcensis) [[episcopus]], postea [[Dioecesis Elnensis|Perpiniani]], et tandem archiepiscopus [[Archidioecesis Montis Pessulani|Montis Pessulani]] a 2022.

== Nexus externi ==

* {{CathHierBishop|turini}}
* [http://www.cef.fr/catho/personnalites/turini.php Biographia] in pagina [[Conferentia Episcopalis Francica]]

{{bio-stipula}}
{{Episcopi Elnenses}}
{{Anni vitae|1954||Turini, Norbertus}}

[[Categoria:Incolae Franciae]]
[[Categoria:Episcopi Ecclesiae Catholicae]]
[[Categoria:Archiepiscopi Montis Pessulani]]
[[Categoria:Episcopi Elnenses]]
[[Categoria:Episcopi Cadurcenses]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Perdestorphe</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="1387" sha1="804pkzjmyz6vcina7h74rdtk4k20o8p" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Perdestorphe'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Perdestorphe&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B77-F/NOB%20VI%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Holzminden.pdf?sequence=1&amp;utm ''NOB VI Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Holzminden''] {{Nexus deficit|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''sitam in Perdestorphe'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Pegestorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Pästörpe'') commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Holtisminnensis|circulo Holtisminnensi]] ad flumen [[Visurgis]] situm est. Ad Perdestorphe etiam vici [[Lapideum Molendinum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lapideum Molendinum&quot;&gt;Vide [https://polle-weserbergland.lima-city.de/royal_county_of_polle.html?utm ''Geschichte des königlich hannorschen Amts Polle''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) lapideum molendinum quod vulgariter dicitur steinmole (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Steinmühle'') atque [[Perdestorphe (caput communis)|Perdestorphe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Perdestorphe&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Pegestorf'') pertinent.

== Historia ==
Perdestorphe anno [[840]] nomine ''Perderestorpe'' primo in actis descriptum est. A die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2010]] pars communis generalis [[Bodonis Insula-Collis|Bodonis Insulae-Collis]] est.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 9]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Norhtunon-Hardenberga</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>171312</id>
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[[Fasciculus:Noerten Kirche Martin.JPG|thumb|left|Ecclesia Sancti Martini.]]
'''Norhtunon-Hardenberga'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Nörten&quot;&gt;Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20261006193144/https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/noerten/ ''Kirchengemeindelexikon'']. ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Norhtunon'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-berga-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Nörten-Hardenberg''; [[Saxonice]] et [[Saxonice|Ostfalice]] ''Nörten-Harenbarg'') oppidum [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus terrae Northemiensis|circuli Northemiensis]] est. Ad Norhtunonem-Hardenbergam etiam vici [[Angerstenium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-stein&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-stein'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-stenium-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Leostenium]], [[Ravenstenium]], [[Richenstenium]], [[Alienstenium]], [[Gastenium]], [[Crybenstenium]], [[Dachstenium]], [[Eberstenium]], [[Falcostenium]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Angerstein''), [[Bishusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Bishausen''), [[Elvesa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Elvese''),  [[Norhtunon-Hardenberga (caput oppidi)|Norhtunon-Hardenberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nörten&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;-berga&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] ''Nörten-Hardenberg''; [[Saxonice]] et [[Saxonice|Ostfalice]] ''Nörten-Harenbarg''), [[Parvum Novale (Norhtunon-Hardenberga)|Parvum Novale]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Parvum Novale&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B75-4/NOB%20V%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Northeim.pdf?utm ''NOB V Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Northeim''] {{Nexus deficit|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''in Parvo Novali sitos in campo'' (...) ''Peranhuson'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Lütgenrode''), [[Peranhuson]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Parvum Novale&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Parensen''), [[Sudershusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Sudershausen'') atque [[Wolbrechtshusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Wolbrechtshausen'') pertinent.

== Historia ==
[[Fasciculus:Braunschweig Lüneburg (Merian) 157.jpg|thumb|left|Aspectus Norhtunonis-Hardenbergae anno 1654 depictus.]]
Norhtunon anno [[995]] primo in actis descriptum est. Comites Hardenbergenses postea ibi castellum habebant. Anno [[1360]] Norhtunon et Hardenberga oppida facta sunt. Anno [[1929]] oppidum Norhtunon-Hardenberga coniunctum est. Anno [[1974]] vici supra dicti ad oppidum accesserunt.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{Commonscat|Nörten-Hardenberg|Norhtunonem-Hardenbergam}}
* [http://www.burgen.de/news/burg-hardenstein-saniert/ Castellum Hardenbergense in pagina burgen.de (Theodisce)]

== Cives clari ==
* [[Carolus Augustus de Hardenberg]] (1750 - 1822), vir publicus [[Borussia]]e
* [[Novalis]] (1772 - 1801), poeta

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 10]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Salticidae</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>176111</id>
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      <text bytes="10552" sha1="9sqqxktko9jkvfecv0z1dzrrlxs26lz" xml:space="preserve">{{Taxobox
| name = Salticidae
| image = Phidippus audax male.jpg
| image_width = 250px
| image_caption = ''[[Phidippus audax]],'' [[mas]] adultus
| regnum = [[Animalia]]
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|55.8|0|Ab [[Eocaenum|Eocaeno]]&lt;ref name=Hill2009/&gt; adhuc}}
| phylum = [[Arthropoda]]
| classis = [[Arachnida]]
| ordo = [[Araneae]]
| subordo = [[Araneomorphae]]
| zoosectio = [[Entelegynae]]
| familia = '''Salticidae'''
| familia_authority = [[Ioannes Blackwall|Blackwall]], [[1842]]
| diversity_link = Index specierum Salticidarum
| diversity = 553 genera, 5025 species
| range_map = Distribution.salticidae.1.png
| range_map_width = 250px
| subdivision_ranks = [[Subfamilia]]e
| subdivision =
[[Aelurillinae]]&lt;br /&gt;
Agoriinae&lt;br /&gt;
[[Amycinae]]&lt;br /&gt;
Ballinae&lt;br /&gt;
[[Dendryphantinae]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Euophryinae]]&lt;br /&gt;
Hasariinae&lt;br /&gt;
Heliophaninae&lt;br /&gt;
Hisponinae&lt;br /&gt;
[[Lyssomaninae]]&lt;br /&gt;
Marpissinae&lt;br /&gt;
Myrmarachninae&lt;br /&gt;
Pelleninae&lt;br /&gt;
[[Plexippinae]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[salticus|Salticinae]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Spartaeinae]]&lt;br /&gt;
Synagelinae&lt;br /&gt;
Synemosyninae&lt;br /&gt;
''Vide [[Index generum Salticidarum]]
}}
[[Fasciculus:Salticidae Male Anterior annotated.jpg|thumb|upright|Aspectus anteriores et dorsales [[mas|maris]] locos oculorum monstrat (tabula [[Anglice]] signata).]]
[[Fasciculus:Jumping spider vision David Hill.png|thumb|upright|Campus oculorum unius Salticidae (tabula [[Anglice]] signata).]]
[[Fasciculus:Jumping Spider Eating a Mosquito.jpg|thumb|upright|Salticida [[Asilidae|Asilidá]] [[praedator]]iá maiore quam se [[victus|vescitur]], quae eandem araneam comesa sit, si potuisset.]]
[[Fasciculus:Jumping spider with prey.jpg|thumb|upright|Celata generis ''[[Menemerus|'Menemeri]] Salticida [[formica]]m [[mas|marem]] tenet.]]
[[Fasciculus:Hill Phidippus clarus 01.jpg|thumb|upright|''[[Phidippus clarus|Phidippi clari]]'' [[mas]] et [[femina (sexus)|femina]] coniunguntur.]]

'''Salticidae,''' plus quam 500 [[genus (taxinomia)|genera]] descripta et circa 5000 [[species (taxinomia)|specierum]] descriptarum,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=Salticid spider phylogeny revisited, with the discovery of a large Australasian clade (Araneae: Salticidae)|last=Maddison|first=Wayne P.|authorlink=Wayne Maddison|coauthors=Melissa R. Bodner, et Karen M. Needham|journal=Zootaxa|volume=1893|pages=49–64|date=[[6 Octobris]] [[2008]]}}.&lt;/ref&gt; sunt maxima [[araneae|aranearum]] [[familia (taxinomia)|familia]], cui sunt circa 13 centesimas omnium familiae specierum.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Peng|first=Xian-Jin|coauthors=I-Min Tso, Shu-Qiang Li|year=[[2002]]|title=Five New and Four Newly Recorded Species of Jumping Spiders from Taiwan (Araneae: Salticidae)|journal=Zoological Studies|url=http://zoolstud.sinica.edu.tw/Journals/41.1/1.pdf|volume=41|issue=1|pages=1–12}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Salticidis est optimus inter [[invertebrata]] [[visus]], quo ad petendum&lt;!--courting--&gt;, [[venatio|venandum]], [[navigatio|navigandum]] utuntur. Plurimae species, quamquam placate lentiusque movere solent, agilissime salire possunt, praesertim venantes, sed etiam minis respondentes. Eorum [[pulmo codicum|pulmones codicum]]{{dubsig}}&lt;!--book lungs--&gt; et [[trachea invertebratorum|apparatus trachealis]] bene evoluti sunt, et ambobus systematibus per [[respiratio]]nem bimodalem utuntur. Eorum exemplare [[oculus|oculorum]] ad summam agnoscuntur: omnibus Salticidis sunt [[quattuor|quaterna]] oculorum paria, quorum oculi [[anatomica locorum nomina|anteriores mediani]]&lt;!--anatomical terms of location--&gt; sunt maximi.

==Taxinomia et systematica==&lt;!--
{{Cladogramma|title=Classificatio Salticidarum
|clades={{clade
|style=font-size:85%;line-height:85%
|1={{clade
  |1=[[Lyssomaninae]]
  |2=[[Spartaeinae]]
  |label3=[[Salticoida]]
  |3={{clade
    |1=[[Amycoida]]
    |2={{clade
      |1=[[Astioida]]
      |2=[[Aelurilloida]]
      |3=[[Euophryinae]]
      |4=[[Heliophaninae]]
      |label5=[[Marpissoida]]
      |5={{clade
        |1=[[Marpissinae]]
        |2=[[Dendryphantinae]]
        }}
      |label6=[[Plexippoida]]
      |6={{clade
        |1=[[Pelleninae]]
        |2=[[Plexippinae]]
        }}
      }}
    }}
  }}
}}
}}--&gt;

[[Monophylia]] familiae Salticidarum per explicationes [[phylogenia|phylogeneticis]] et [[morphologia (biologia)|morphologicis]] bene probata est. Consensus autem caret quod spectat ad quos alios aranearum greges familia Salticidarum artissime coniungi possit. Inter greges sorores subiectos sunt [[Oxyopidae]], [[Thomisidae]], [[Clubionoidae]], et araneae quae [[tela]]s [[aedificium|aedificant]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Maddison1&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|title=Jumping spider phylogeny (Araneae:Salticidae)|first1=Wayne P.|last1=Maddison|authorlink1=Wayne Maddison|first2=Marshal C.|last2=Hedin|journal=Invertebrate Systematics|volume=17|pages=529–549|year=[[2003]]|doi=10.1071/IS02044}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Salticidae in [[tres]] stirpes digeri possunt: [[subfamilia]]m [[Lyssomaninae|Lyssomaninarum]], [[subfamilia]]m [[Spartaeinae|Spartaeinarum]]), et [[cladus|cladum]] [[Salticoida|Salticoidorum]] sine gradu,&lt;ref name=&quot;Maddison1&quot;/&gt; quorum Salticoida sunt plus quam 90 centesimae omnium specierum Salticidarum. Salticoida amplius in multos greges digeri potest, inter quos [[Amycoida]], [[Astioida]], [[Aelurilloida]], [[Euophryinae]], [[Heliophaninae]], [[Marpissoida]], et [[Plexippoida]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Maddison1&quot;/&gt;

== Fossilia ==
[[Fasciculus:Jumping spider in amber.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Salticida in [[sucinum|sucino]] [[Mare Balticum|Baltico]] curata.]]
Perpauca Salticidarum [[fossile|fossilia]] iam inventa sunt. Omnia in [[sucinum|sucino]] [[Aevum Caenozoicum|Aevi Caenozoici]] inveniuntur. Fossilia veterrima ex [[sucinum Balticum|sucino Baltico]] inveniuntur, ex [[Aevum Eocaenum|Eocaeno]], abhinc annorum, a 54 ad 42 milliones. Alia Salticidarum fossilia in [[sucinum Chiapasense|sucino Chiapasensi]] et [[sucinum Dominicianum|Dominiciano]] inventa sunt.&lt;ref name=Hill2009&gt;{{cite journal|title=Salticidae of the Antarctic land bridge|first=David Edwin|last=Hill|journal=Peckhamia|date=[[7 Octobris]] [[2009]]|url=http://www.peckhamia.com/peckhamia/PECKHAMIA%2076.1.pdf}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index generum Salticidarum]], [[Index specierum Salticidarum]]
*''[[Massagris]]''
* ''[[Peckhamia]]''
* [[Taxinomia aranearum]]
* ''[[Iona (genus)|Iona]]''

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
* Vasilevsky, M. [[2012]]. ''A Classical Taxonomic Guide to Identifying Fifty Unique North American Jumping Spiders.'' 
* Kaston, B. J. [[1953]]. ''How to Know the Spiders.'' Dubuque, Iowa.
* Crompton, J. [[1954]]. ''The Life of the Spider''. Mentor.
* Forster, L. M. [[1982]]. &quot;Vision and prey-catching strategies in jumping spiders.&quot; ''American Scientist'' 70: 165-75.
* Jackson, R. R. [[1982]]. &quot;The behavior of communicating in jumping spiders (Salticidae).&quot; In ''Spider Communication Mechanisms and Ecological Significance,'' ed. P. Witt et J. Rovner, 213-47. Princetoniae Novae Caesareae.
* Peaslee, A. G., et G. Wilson. [[1989]]. &quot;Spectral sensitivity in jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae).&quot; ''Journal of Comparative Physiology A'' 164: 359-63.
* Richman, D. B., et R. R. Jackson. [[1992]]. &quot;A review of the ethology of jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae).&quot; ''Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society'' 9: 33-37.
* Jackman, John A. [[1997]]. ''A Field Guide to Spiders &amp; Scorpions of Texas.'' Houstoniae Texiae: Gulf Publishing Company.
* Harland, D. P., et R. R. Jackson. [[2000]]. 'Eight-legged cats' and how they see - a review of recent research on jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae). ''Cimbebasia'' 16: 231-40 [https://web.archive.org/web/20060928164131/http://www.cogs.susx.ac.uk/ccnr/Papers/Downloads/Harland_Cimb2000.pdf PDF]
* Nakamura, T., et S. Yamashita. [[2000]]. &quot;Learning and discrimination of colored papers in jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae).&quot; ''Journal of Comparative Physiology A'' 186: 897-901.
* Elias, D. O., A. C. Mason, W. P. Maddison, et R. R. Hoy. [[2003]]. &quot;Seismic signals in a courting male jumping spider (Araneae: Salticidae).&quot; ''Journal of Experimental Biology'' 206: 4029-39.
* Lim, M. L. M., et D. Li. [[2005]]. &quot;Extreme ultraviolet sexual dimorphism in jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae).&quot; ''Biological Journal of the Linnean Society'' 89: 397-406. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2006.00704.x.
* Richman, D. B., G. B. Edwards, et B. Cutler. [[2005]]. &quot;Salticidae.&quot; In ''Spiders of North America: an identification manual,'' ed. D. Ubick, P. Paquin, P. E. Cushing, et V. Roth, 205–216. American Arachnological Society.

== Nexus externi ==
{{wikispecies|Salticidae|Salticidas}}
{{CommuniaCat|Salticidae|Salticidas}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20201023033919/https://salticidae.webs.com/ Asian jumping spiders and photo references,] www.salticidae.webs.com
* [http://www.jumping-spiders.com/ Comprehensive resource on the morphology and taxonomy of jumping spiders (Salticidae),] www.jumping-spiders.com
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120508224531/http://www.gsd-salt.miiz.waw.pl/ Global Species Database of Salticidae,] www.gsd-salt.miiz.waw.pl
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20220822173420/http://www.educatedearth.net/video.php?id=3676 Video of a jumping spider's mating behavior,] www.educatedearth.net
* [http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/ World Spider Catalog,] research.amnh.org
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140209005814/http://salticidae.org/jsotw.html Jumping Spiders of the World,] salticidae.org
* [http://www.xs4all.nl/~ednieuw/Spiders/Salticidae/Salticidae.htm Jumping Spiders of NW-Europe,] www.xs4all.nl
* [http://www.xs4all.nl/~ednieuw/australian/salticidae/Salticidae.html Jumping spiders of Australia,] www.xs4all.nl
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20220822173420/http://www.rkwalton.com/jump.php/North American Jumping Spiders - 70 Species Videos (includes introduction to salticids, predation, mating, and other behaviors),] www.rkwalton.com
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20220820204809/http://tolweb.org/accessory/Movies_of_Jumping_Spider_Courtship?acc_id=64 Movies of ''Habronattus'' courtship behavior,] tolweb.org (Arbor Vitae)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130308060341/http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=322_1185412350 Male jumping spider courtship dance with contact microphone picking up and amplifying sounds,] www.liveleak.com
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20221015071253/https://biodiversity.org.au/afd/taxa/SALTICIDAE The Australian Faunal Directory taxonomic classification of Australian salticids,] www.biodiversity.org.au

[[Categoria:Familiae animalium]]
[[Categoria:Salticidae|!]]
[[Categoria:Taxa Blackwall]]
[[Categoria:Taxa 1842]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Rocca Morica</title>
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[[Fasciculus:Pescara roccamorice.jpg|thumb|Rocca Morica]]
'''Rocca Morica'''&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.it/books?id=4EVkhIl-TN4C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=it#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Dizionario geografico-istorico-fisico del regno di Napoli, composto dall'Abate Francesco sacco - Di Francesco Sacco]&lt;/ref&gt; (alia nomina: ''Roccamorices, Rocca Mauritii'') ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Roccamorice|Roccamorice]]'') est [[oppidum]] [[Italia]]e et [[Commune Italiae|municipium]], in [[Regio Italiae|Regione]] [[Aprutium|Aprutio]] et in [[Provincia Aternensis|Provincia Aternensi]] situm.

== Insigne ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Fasciculus:Corona di comune.svg|''[[Municipium Italiae]]''
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Municipia finitima ==

{{NexInt}}
* [[Aprutium]],
* [[Provincia Aternensis|Provincia Aternensis / Piscariensis]],
* [[Aternum]] (''urbs''),
* [[Municipium Italiae]].

== Nexus externi ==
{{communiaCat|Roccamorice|Roccam Moricam}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20250926050810/http://www.comune.roccamorice.pe.it/ Situs publicus] {{Ling|Lingua Italiana{{!}}Italiane}}

== Pinacotheca ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Image:Map of comune of Roccamorice (province of Pescara, region Abruzzo, Italy).svg|Collocatio finium Municipii in Provincia Aternensi.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Municipia in provincia Aterni]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Poynum</title>
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[[Fasciculus:Wolfenbüttel Gunzelin.jpg|thumb|Statua conditoris Poyni, Gunzelini de [[Guelpherbytum|Guelpherbyto]].]]
'''Poynum'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Allgemeine&quot;&gt;J. S. Ersch, J. G. Gruber: ''Allgemeine Encyclopädie der Wissenschaften und Künste''. 3. Sektion O–Z, 15. Teil, Brockhaus, [[Lipsia]]e 1841, S. 1&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Castrum Bognum'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Allgemeine&quot;/&gt; seu '''Boyanum Castrum'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Allgemeine&quot;/&gt; seu '''Peyna'''&lt;ref name=&quot;NOB VIII&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Peine''; [[Saxonice]] ''Paane''; [[Lingua Theodisca alta recens|Protoneoaltotheodisce]] ''Peina'') urbs [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et caput [[Circulus terrae Poynensis|circuli terrae Poynensis]] est. Ad Poynum etiam etiam vici [[Berkum]] (Theodisce ''Berkum''), [[Dungerbecke]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kirchengemeindelexikon&quot;&gt;Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20261022005035/https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/dungelbeck/ ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Thidericus plebanus de Dungerbecke'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Dungelbeck''), [[Duttenstedi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;spinneklub&quot;&gt;Vide [https://spinneklub.de/content/duttenstedt.html?utm ''spinneklub.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Dutten­stedt wird erstmals am 04. Juni 973 in einer Kaiser­urkunde Otto II. als &quot;Duttenstedi&quot; erwähnt (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Duttenstedt''), [[Essinghusa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-husa&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-husa-ae&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Essinghausen''), [[Eycse]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NOB VIII&quot;&gt;Vide [https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/2261/NOB%20VIII_Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Peine.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1&amp;utm ''NOB VIII Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Peine''] {{Nexus deficit|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''molendinum Eycse'' (...) ''ecclesia in Haddendorpe'' (...) ''decimam in Rodersem'' (...) ''castrum Rosendale'' (...) ''curtem nostram in Smithenstide'' (...) ''in villa Swelethe'' (...) ''Stedherthorpe iuxta Peynam'' (...) ''apud villam Vorden'' (...) ''villanus in Woltorpe'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Eixe''), [[Haddendorpe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NOB VIII&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Handorf''), [[Poynum (caput communis)|Poynum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Allgemeine&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Peine''), [[Rodersis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NOB VIII&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Röhrse''), [[Rosendale (Poynum)|Rosendale]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NOB VIII&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Rosenthal''), [[Smithenstide]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NOB VIII&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Schmedenstedt''), [[Stedherthorpe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NOB VIII&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Stederdorf''), [[Swelethe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NOB VIII&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Schwicheldt''), [[Vorden]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NOB VIII&quot;/&gt;/[[Munitio Agri (Poynum)|Munitio Agri]]&lt;ref name=&quot;MA&quot;&gt;Toponymum Theodiscum ''Landwehr'' duobus constat elementis, ''Land-'' et ''-wehr''. Vocabulum Theodiscum ''Land'' Latine &quot;ager&quot; reddi potest, praesertim cum de &quot;agro, territorio vel terra culta&quot; agitur; ita ''Land'' = &quot;ager&quot; apud Christophori Cellarii ''Latino-Germanicum sive Germanico-Latinum Lexicon''. Vocabulum autem ''Wehr'', quod a verbo Theodisco ''wehren'' («defendere, tutari») derivatur, ad notionem munitionis et defensionis referri potest; &quot;munitio&quot; enim Latine &quot;rem vel locum ad defensionem comparatum&quot; significare potest. Quare ''Landwehr'' interpretari ut &quot;Munitio agri''.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Vöhrum/Landwehr''), [[Wendessa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-e&quot;&gt;Germanica et Romanica (praecipue Francica) toponyma cum suffixo ''-e'' plerumque latinizari solent addita terminatione latinizata &quot;-a-ae&quot;. Qua de latinizatione, vide [https://es.scribd.com/document/441536698/1983-Stearn-Botanical-Latin-pesquisavel-pdf ''Botanical Latin''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) '''-e''' : -''a'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Wendesse'') atque [[Woltorpe]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NOB VIII&quot;/&gt; (Theodisce ''Woltorf'') pertinent.

== Historia ==
[[Fasciculus:Peine city map 1785.jpg|thumb|left|Tabula urbis Poyni anno 1785 depicta.]]
Poynum anno [[1218]] a Gunzelino de Guelpherbyto conditum est. Postea inter [[Guelphi|Guelphos]] et [[Dioecesis Hildesiensis|Dioecesem Hildesiensem]] bellum de urbe gestum est. Anno [[1802]] ad [[Borussia]]m pervenit, anno [[1807]] ad [[Regnum Westphaliae]], anno [[1815]] ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], tum anno [[1866]] hoc regno iterum ad Borussiam pervenit et anno [[1946]] pars Saxonia Inferioris factum est.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{Commonscat|Peine|Poynum}}
* [http://www.peine.de/ Pagina urbis Poyni (lingua Theodisca)]

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita 1218]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ridepa</title>
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'''Ridepa'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Ridepa&quot;&gt;Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20241207121004/https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0023-9B76-2/NOB%20VII%20Die%20Ortsnamen%20des%20Landkreises%20Helmstedt%20und%20der%20Stadt%20Wolfsburg.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y ''NOB VII Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Helmstedt und der Stadt Wolfsburg.''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) 1205 ''parte ville Ridepe'' (UB H. Halb. i nr. 429 s. 383) (...) 1304 ''Henricus de Redop'' (Urk. Helmstedt ii nr. 4) 1311 ''Hinricus de Redepe'' (UB marienberg nr. 212 s. 169) 1333 ''in villa Reddop'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Redop'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Ridepa&quot;/&gt; seu '''Redepe'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Ridepa&quot;/&gt; seu '''Reddop'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Ridepa&quot;/&gt; seu '''Redep'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Redep&quot;&gt;Vide [https://www.arcinsys.niedersachsen.de/arcinsys/showArchivalDescriptionDetails?archivalDescriptionId=5534231&amp;utm ''www.arcinsys.niedersachsen.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Hufe zu Räbke (in campo Redep) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Räbke'') est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et ad [[Circulus Helmstadiensis|Circulum Helmstadiensem]] pertinet. Ridepa ab anno [[1974]] pars est communis generalis [[Iugum Elmense Septentrionale (commune generale)|Iugi Elmensis Septentrionalis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;IES&quot;&gt;[https://www.frag-caesar.de/lateinwoerterbuch/iugum-uebersetzung.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com Latina vox &quot;iugum&quot; Theodiscam ''Höhenzug''] et Latinum adiectivum [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/septentrionalis?wb=gross&amp;nr=3 &quot;septentrionalis-e&quot;] Theodiscum praefixum ''Nord(-)'' vertit. Latinum autem gentilicium &quot;Elmensis-e&quot; ad Theodiscum toponynum ''Elm'' refertur.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Nord-Elm'').

== Historia ==
[[Fasciculus:Räbke Kirche.jpg|thumb|left|Ecclesia Sancti Stephani.]]
Ridepa anno [[1205]] nomine ''Ridepe'' primo in actis descripta est. Postea possessio [[Guelfi|Guelphorum]] facta est. Annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Ducatus Brunsvici|Ducatum Brunsvici]], ab anno [[1918]] ad [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rem Publicam Brunsvicum]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{Commonscat|Räbke|Ridepam}}
* [http://www.raebke.de www.raebke.de]
* [http://www.samtgemeinde-nord-elm.de/ Pagina communis generalis Iugi Elmensis Septentrionalis]

{{urbs-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Raepke}}
[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Condita saeculo 12]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Pons Camarensis</title>
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'''Pons Camarensis'''&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Joannes Maroleus Pontis Camarensis apud Ruthenenses&quot; {{Google Books|TMlIX_K7t3oC|p. 299}}&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Occitane]] ''Lo Pont de Camarés''; Francogallice ''Camarès'') est oppidum et commune [[Francia|Francicum]] 975 incolarum (anno [[2008]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Avario (praefectura Franciae)|Avarionis]] in provincia australi [[Meridianum et Pyrenaeus|Meridiano et Pyrenaeo]].

[[Fasciculus: Camares_pont_1.JPG |thumb|Pons Camarensis]]
&quot;Aquae pontis Camarensis&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Haec appellatio a Vicipaediano e lingua indigena in sermonem Latinum conversa est. Francogallice habes ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20190711193529/http://www.vivreaupays.pro/Professionnels/tabid/63/ProdID/464/Langauge/fr-FR/CatID/7/EAUX_DE_SYLVANES_ET_DANDABRE_AVEYRON.aspx Eaux du Pont-de-Camarès]''&lt;/ref&gt; appellari possunt thermae olim frequentatae, hodie desuetae, oppidorum [[Prugnes]], [[Le Cayla]], [[Andabre]].

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
* L. Coulet, ''Mémoire sur les eaux minérales, gazeuses, ferrugineuses, d'Andabre''. Lutetiae, 1826 {{Google Books|SWJZAAAAcAAJ}}

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index communium praefecturae Avarionis]]

== Nexus externi ==
[[Fasciculus:Andabre Jeu provençal.jpg|thumb|Ludi apud thermas [[Andabre]]]]
{{CommuniaCat|Camarès|pontem Camarensem}}
{{Fontes geographici}}
* &quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190711193527/https://rando.parc-grands-causses.fr/api/fr/treks/4914/des-pradels-au-cayla.pdf Des Pradels au Cayla]&quot;

; De aquis
* &quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190711193529/http://www.vivreaupays.pro/Professionnels/tabid/63/ProdID/464/Langauge/fr-FR/CatID/7/EAUX_DE_SYLVANES_ET_DANDABRE_AVEYRON.aspx Eaux de Sylvanès et d'Andabre]&quot; apud ''VivreAuPays''
* &quot;[https://www.marseilleforum.com/forum/index.php?PHPSESSID=fcb30ec0a10bbcc99dc8c91d7157792c&amp;topic=30600.0 Andabre ou la source oubliée]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&quot;
* M. Nartet, ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20190711193537/http://infoterre.brgm.fr/rapports/RR-30235-FR.pdf Département de l'Aveyron: sources thermo-minérales]'' (1989)
* Nathalie Roussel, ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20130701140911/http://www.nathalie-roussel-journaliste.net/articles_journalisme_local.pdf Histoire de sources]''

{{geo-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Aveyronis]]
[[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Aveyronis]]
[[Categoria:Thermae Franciae]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Plotiascum</title>
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[[Fasciculus:Piossasco san vito.jpg|thumb|Plotiascum]]
'''Plotiascum'''&lt;ref&gt;''DIZIONARIO GEOGRAFICO'' - Di GOFFREDO CASALIS, Voll. V.V., Torino 1833-1854&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Nomi d'Italia - AAVV, De Agostini&lt;/ref&gt; {{victio|Plotiascum|i|n}} (alia nomina&lt;ref&gt;''DIZIONARIO GEOGRAFICO'' - Di GOFFREDO CASALIS, Voll. V.V., Torino 1833-1854&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Nomi d'Italia - AAVV, De Agostini&lt;/ref&gt;: ''Plossascus'', ''Plozzascus'') ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Piossasco|Piossasco]]'') est [[Urbes Italiae|Urbs]] [[Italia]]e et [[Commune Italiae|municipium]], in [[Regio Italiae|Regione]] [[Pedemontium|Pedemontio]] et in [[Provincia Taurinensis|Provincia Taurinensi]] situm. Urbani ''Plotiascenses'' appellantur.

== Insigne ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Fasciculus:Corona di città.svg|''[[Urbs Italiae]]''
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Fractiones, vici et loci in municipio ==
== Municipia finitima ==

{{NexInt}}
* [[Pedemontium]] (''regio''),
* [[Provincia Taurinensis]],
* [[Augusta Taurinorum]] (''urbs''),
* [[Urbes Italiae]].

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20241029155252/https://www.comune.piossasco.to.it/ Pagina officialis]
{{CommuniaCat|Piossasco|Plotiascum}}

== Pinacotheca ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Imago:Map - IT - Torino - Municipality code 1194.svg|Collocatio finium municipii in Provincia Taurinensi.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Urbes Italiae in Pedemontio]]
[[Categoria:Municipia in Urbe metropolitana Taurinensi]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Montferrier-sur-Lez</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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[[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 34169.png|left|thumb|250px|Montferrier-sur-Lez: communis tabula]]

''' Montferrier-sur-Lez ''' est commune [[Francia|Francicum]] 3'385 incolarum (anno [[2010]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Arauris (praefectura Franciae)|Arauris]] in regione [[Occitania et Ruscino]]ne.
{{NexInt}}
* [[Index communium praefecturae Arauris|Indicem communium praefecturae Arauris]]
== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat| Montferrier-sur-Lez |Montferrier-sur-Lez }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160601220625/http://ville-montferrier-sur-lez.fr/ Montferrier-sur-Lez pagina interretialis]
* {{INSEE commune|34169|de=Montferrier-sur-Lez}}
{{geo-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Araurae]]
[[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Araurae]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Papyrus Derbeniensis</title>
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[[Fasciculus:Derveni-papyrus.jpg|thumb|Fragmenta aliqua papyri Derbeniensis.]]
[[Fasciculus:The Derveni Papyrus.jpg|thumb|Fragmenta sicut hodie ostentantur ([[Archaeologicum Museum Thessalonicae]]).]]
'''Papyrus Derbeniensis''' anno [[1962]] inter pyri funerarii vestigia repertus est Derbenii ([[Graece]] [[Necropolis Letae|Δερβένι]])  in loco [[archaeologia|archaeologico]] prope [[Thessalonica]]m, ubi iacebat [[necropolis Letae]] urbis antiquae in [[Mygdonia]]. [[Papyrus (materies)|Papyrus]] partim combustus, sed legibilis, est librorum [[manuscriptum|manu scriptorum]] Graeciae et omnis [[Europa]]e antiquissimum. Textus [[Graece]] compositus et satis lacunosus commentarium praebet [[carmen|carminis]] cuiusdam antea ignoti, versibus [[hexametrum|hexametris]] compositi, [[Orpheus|Orpheo]] vati [[mythologia|mythologico]] attributi, de origine mundi. Fragmenta huius papyri hodie apud [[Archaeologicum Museum Thessalonicae|Museum Archaeologicum]] [[Thessalonica|Thessalonicense]] monstrantur.

== Bibliographia ==
* Alberto Bernabé, &quot;La théogonie orphique du Papyrus de Derveni&quot; in ''Kernos'' vol. 15 (2002) pp. 91–129
* Alberto Bernabé, ed., ''Poetae epici Graeci: testimonia et fragmenta''. Pars 2 fasc. 3: ''Musaeus. Linus. Epimenides. Papyrus Derveni. Indices'' (Berolini: De Gruyter, 2007) pp. 169-270, 315-328 {{Google Books|7B2csdwgS-UC|Paginae selectae}}
* Alberto Bernabé, &quot;[http://www.academia.edu/1405444/Derveni_papyrus._Problems The Derveni Papyrus: Problems of Edition, Problems of Interpretation]&quot; in Traianos Gagos, ed., ''Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth International Congress of Papyrology, Ann Arbor 2007'' (Ann Arbor: Michigan Publishing [http://quod.lib.umich.edu/i/icp?page=home editio interretialis]. ISBN 978-1-60785-205-6) [http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.7523866.0025.117 Textus alius]
* Alberto Bernabé, &quot;[http://www.academia.edu/1405457/The_Derveni_papyrus._Many_questions_and_some_answers The Derveni papyrus. Many questions and some answers]&quot; in ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'' vol. 103 (2007) pp. 99-133 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/30032220 JSTOR]
* Gábor Betegh, &quot;Empédocle, Orpheus et le papyrus de Derveni&quot; in P.-M. Morel, J. F. Pradeau, edd., ''Les ancients savants'' (Argentorati, 2001) pp. 47–70
* Gábor Betegh, ''The Derveni Papyrus: Cosmology, Theology and Interpretation'' (Cambridge University Press) 2004. ISBN 0-521-80108-7 {{Google Books|5HaKQFeYSBEC|Paginae selectae}}
* Luc Brisson, &quot;Sky, Sex and Sun: The Meaning of αἰδοῖος/αἰδοῖον in the Derveni Papyrus&quot; in ''Zeitschrift fur Papyrologie und Epigraphik'' vol. 142 (2003) pp. 1–11
* Franco Ferrari, &quot;Note al testo delle colonne II-VII del papiro di Derveni&quot; in ''Zeitschrift fur Papyrologie und Epigraphik'' vol. 162 (2007) pp. 203-211 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/20191345 JSTOR]
* A. Henrichs, &quot;The Eumenides and Wineless Libations in the Derveni Papyrus&quot; in ''Atti del XVII Congresso Internazionale di Papirologia'' (Neapoli, 1984) vol. 2 pp. 255–268
* [[Ricardus Janko|Richard Janko]], &quot;The Physicist as Hierophant: Aristophanes, Socrates and the Authorship of the Derveni Papyrus&quot; in ''Zeitschrift fur Papyrologie und Epigraphik'' vol. 118 (1997) pp.&amp;nbsp;61–94
* Richard Janko, &quot;The Derveni Papyrus (Diagoras of Melos, Apopyrgizontes Logoi?): a New Translation&quot; in ''Classical Philology'' vol. 96 (2001) pp.&amp;nbsp;1–32
* Richard Janko, &quot;The Derveni Papyrus: An Interim Text&quot; in ''Zeitschrift fur Papyrologie und Epigraphik'' vol. 141 (2002) pp.&amp;nbsp;1–62 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/20191519 JSTOR]
* Richard Janko, [http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/bmcr/2005/2005-01-27.html recensio operis Betegh 2004] in ''Bryn Mawr Classical Review'' (2005)
* Richard Janko, [https://web.archive.org/web/20061031010037/http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/bmcr/2006/2006-10-29.html recensio operis Tsantsanoglou et al. 2006], [https://web.archive.org/web/20070820031951/http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/bmcr/2006/2006-11-02.html responsum auctorum], [http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/bmcr/2006/2006-11-20.html responsum Janko] in ''Bryn Mawr Classical Review'' (2006)
* Fabienne Jourdan, ed., ''Le papyrus de Derveni''. Lutetiae: Les Belles Lettres, 2003. ISBN 2-251-32434-8 (''Vérité des mythes. Sources'', vol. 13)
* André Laks, &quot;Between Religion and Philosophy: The Function of Allegory in the Derveni Papyrus&quot; in ''Phronesis'' vol. 42 (1997) pp.&amp;nbsp;121–142
* André Laks, Glenn W. Most, edd., ''Studies on the Derveni Papyrus''. Oxonii: Oxford University Press, 1997. ISBN 978-0-19-815032-9
* Glenn W. Most, &quot;The Fire Next Time. Cosmology, Allegories, and Salvation in the Derveni Papyrus&quot; in ''Journal of Hellenic Studies'' vol. 117 (1997) pp.&amp;nbsp;117–135
* Jeffrey Rusten, &quot;[https://www.academia.edu/1013893/Interim_Notes_on_the_Papyrus_from_Derveni Interim Notes on the Papyrus from Derveni]&quot; in ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'' vol. 89 (1985) pp. 121-140
* Marco Antonio Santamaría, &quot;[http://www.jstor.org/stable/23849827 Critical Notes to the Orphic Poem of the Derveni Papyrus]&quot; in ''Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik'' vol. 182 (2012) pp. 55-76
* David Sider, &quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160619125020/http://chs.harvard.edu/CHS/article/display/5696 The Orphic Poem of the Derveni Papyrus]&quot; in Ioanna Papadopoulou and Leonard Muellner, edd., ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20160619121857/http://chs.harvard.edu/CHS/article/display/5698 Poetry as Initiation: The Center for Hellenic Studies Symposium on the Derveni Papyrus]'' (Washington, DC: Center for Hellenic Studies, 2014) cap. 12
* K. Tsantsanoglou, G.M. Parássoglou, T. Kouremenos, edd., ''The Derveni Papyrus''. Florentiae: Olschki, 2006. ISBN 88-222-5567-4 (''Studi e testi per il &quot;Corpus dei papiri filosofici greci e latini&quot;'', vol. 13) [https://web.archive.org/web/20130201050923/http://dp.chs.harvard.edu/index.php?col=1&amp;ed=KPT Textus Graecus huius editionis]
* [[M. L. West]], ''The Orphic Poems'' (Oxonii: Clarendon Press, 1983) pp. 18-20, 68-115

{{NexInt}}
* [[Orphicae lamellae]]

== Nexus externi ==
* ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20140220225413/http://chs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/WebObjects/workbench.woa/wa/pageR?tn=ArticleWrapper&amp;bdc=12&amp;mn=2273 The Derveni Papyrus]: an interdisciplinary research project'' apud Universitatem Harvardianam

[[Categoria:Litterae Graecae antiquae]]
[[Categoria:Lete]]
[[Categoria:Papyri]]
[[Categoria:Scripta saeculo 4 a.C.n.]]
[[Categoria:Orpheus]]
[[Categoria:Carmina epica]]
[[Categoria:Memoria mundi]]
[[Categoria:Museum Archaeologicum Thessalonicense]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Sella rotalis</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="3056" sha1="g5iv75bxu0f1csqzmhhzikk8yvumce2" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Xiao er lun - Confucius and children.jpg|thumb|[[Confucius]], [[philosophus]] [[Sinae|Sinicus]], in sella rotali propellitur. [[Adumbratio]] aetatis posterioris, circa [[1680]].]]
'''Sella rotalis'''&lt;ref&gt;[[Ebbe Vilborg]]. ''Norstedts svensk-latinska ordbok''. Editio secunda ab anno 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; est [[sella]] [[rota|rotis]] instructa, qua homines utuntur cum [[ambulatio]] propter [[morbus|morbum]], [[damnum corporis]], aut [[debilitas|debilitatem]] difficilis sit. Homines a loco ad locum se movere sic possunt, sive [[manus|manibus]], sive [[vis|vi]] [[motrum|motri]]; etiam ab aliis propelli possunt.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Butt|first=Muhammad Bilal|date=[[2020]]-01-22|title=Disabled Sports: Sports wheelchairs a hope for disabled sportsman|url=https://youthpresspakistan.youthgroupltd.com/2020/01/disabled-sports-sports-wheelchairs-hope.html|url-status=live|access-date=2022-02-19|website=Youth Press Pakistan|publisher=Youth Publishers (Which owns [[Pakistan Times]])}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

==Pinacotheca==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Fasciculus:16 21 2404 wheelchair.jpg|Sella rotalis [[saeculum 19|saeculi undevicensimi]].
Fasciculus:WoodWheelchair.JPG|Sella rotalis [[lignum|lignea]], [[saeculum 20|saeculo vicensimo]] ineunte.
Beach wheelchair Netherlands.jpg|Sella rotalis [[litus|litoralis]] in litore publico in [[Nederlandia]].
Snow wheelchair.jpg|Sella rotalis [[nix|nivalis]] in [[hortus|hortis]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

{{NexInt}}
* [[Accessibilitas]]
* [[Ambulatrum]]
* [[Index Barthel]]
* [[Technologia adiuvans]]

==Notae==
&lt;references/&gt;

==Bibliographia==
*Garber, S. L. [[1985]]. &quot;Wheelchair Cushions: A Historical Review.&quot; ''The American Journal of Occupational Therapy'' 39 (7): 453–59.
*Simpson, Richard C. [[2005]]. &quot;Smart Wheelchairs: A Literature Review.&quot; ''Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development'' 42 (4): 423–38.

==Nexus externi==
{{CommuniaCat|Wheelchairs|sellam rotalem}}
*Anderson, Rachel. [[2013]]. [https://abilitytools.org/blog/history-of-the-wheelchair/  &quot;History of the Wheelchair.&quot;]  ''Where It's At,'' 11 Octobris.
*Ferguson-Pell, M. [[1992]]. [https://books.google.com/books?id=E_1l8zfjAQwC&amp;pg=PA49&amp;dq=wheelchair+cushion&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=uD3ITNmADIL_8AaS7q2gDw&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=2&amp;ved=0CEAQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=wheelchair%20cushion&amp;f=false &quot;Choosing a Wheelchair System.&quot;] ''Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development.''
*Flaherty, Joseph. [[2012]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140227061458/http://www.wired.com/design/2012/05/wheelchair &quot;Putting the 'Whee!' Back in 'Wheelchair.'&quot;]  ''Wired,'' 25 Maii.
*Koerth-Baker, Maggie. [[2009]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170415103742/http://mentalfloss.com/article/20768/who-invented-wheelchair &quot;Who Invented the Wheelchair?&quot;] Mental Floss (mentalfloss.com), 2 Februarii.
*Watson, Nick, Brian Woods, et Kara Rogers. [[2014]]. [https://www.britannica.com/topic/history-of-the-wheelchair-1971423 &quot;+History of the Wheelchair.&quot;] ''Encyclopaedia Britannica.''

[[Categoria:Domus]]
[[Categoria:Instrumenta]]
[[Categoria:Ornamenta domestica]]
[[Categoria:Vehicula]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Realitas simulata</title>
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      <text bytes="8012" sha1="js3x4i6pg972uae2n4ijab1bzy9gcis" xml:space="preserve">'''Realitas simulata''' est [[hypothesis]] [[realitas|realitatem]] simulari posse, exempli gratia per [[simulatio computatralis|simulationem computatralem]], usque ad gradum qui a &quot;realitate vera&quot; distingui non potest, et fortasse vero talis [[simulatio computatralis|simulatio]] est. [[Conscientia|Conscios]] continere potest [[mens|mentes]] qui sciunt vel fortasse penitus non sciunt sese intra simulationem [[vita|habitare]]. Hic hypothesis a [[realitas virtualis|realitate virtuali]] magnopere discrepat, a notione hodierna quae per [[technologia]]m effici facileque ab [[experientia]] actualitatis distingui potest; participes [[natura]]m rerum quas experiuntur numquam dubitant. Realitas simulata, contra, a realitate &quot;verae&quot; difficiliter separari vel etiam non fieri potest. Fuit multum disceptationis huius rei, a sermone [[philosophia|philosophico]] ad adhibitiones utiles in [[computatio]]ne varians.&lt;!--PLUS IN EN:--&gt;

{{NexInt}}
*[[Cerebrum Boltzmannianum]]
*[[Cyberpsychologia]]
*[[Holographia]]
*[[Hyperrealitas]]
*[[Infosphaera]]
*[[Metaversus]]
*[[Oeconomia virtualis]]
*[[Philosophia digitalis]]
*[[Physica digitalis]]
*[[Pseudorealismus]]
*[[Realitas artificiosa]]
*[[Realitas augmentata]]&lt;!--
*[[Realitas in Buddhismo]]--&gt;
*[[Realitas per consensum factum]]&lt;!--?Consensus reality--&gt;
*[[Simulacrum]]
*[[Simulatio socialis]]
*[[Societas artificiosa]]
*[[Sociologia computationalis]]
*[[Theoria scientiae]]&lt;!--T. of knowledge--&gt;
*[[Vita artificiosa]]&lt;!--
*[[The Experience Machine]]
*[[Holodeck]] (''Star Trek: The Next Generation'')
*[[Holographic Universe]]
*[[Interactive online characters]]
*[[Margolus–Levitin theorem]]
*[[Maya (illusion)]]
*[[Omega point (Tipler)|Tipler's &quot;Omega point&quot;]]
*[[Omnidirectional treadmill]]
*[[Philosophy of information]]
*''[[Simulacra and Simulation]]''
*[[Simulated reality in fiction]]
*[[Simulation hypothesis]]
*[[Virtual world]]s
*[[Zeno's paradoxes]]--&gt;

===Maiores philosophi realitatis simulatae===
*[[Ioannes Baudrillard]]
*[[Nicolaus Bostrom]] et argumentum simulationis
*[[Renatus Cartesius]] (1596–1650) et suum [[daemon malum]]&lt;!--Evil Demon, Evil Genius--&gt;&lt;ref name=MatrixChalmers&gt;{{cite book |first=David |last=Chalmers |editor=C. Grau |year=2005 |title=Philosophers Explore the Matrix |chapter=The Matrix as Metaphysics |publisher= Oxford University Press |isbn=9780195181067 |lccn=2004059977 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=yTQr0nxL-GIC&amp;pg=PA158 |pages=157–158 |quote=Evil Genius Hypothesis: I have a disembodied mind, and an evil genius is feeding me sensory inputs to give the appearance of an external world. This is René Descartes’s classical skeptical hypothesis. . . . Dream Hypothesis: I am now and have always been dreaming. Descartes raised the question: how do you know that you are not currently dreaming? Morpheus raises a similar question: 'Have you ever had a dream, Neo, that you were so sure was real. What if you were unable to wake from that dream? How would you know the difference between the dream world and the real world?' . . . I think this case is analogous to the Evil Genius Hypothesis: it's just that the role of the “evil genius” is played by a part of my own cognitive system! If my dream-generating system simulates all of space-time, we have something like the original Matrix Hypothesis.}} [http://consc.net/papers/matrix.pdf p.22]&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[Philippus K. Dick]] pro &quot;We Can Remember It for You Wholesale&quot; (pelliculis ''Total Recall'' [[Total Recall (pellicula 1990)|1990]] et [[Total Recall (pellicula 2012)|2012]])
*[[Georgius Berkeley]] (1685–1753) et immaterialismus (deinde [[idealismus subiectivus]] ab aliis appellatus)
*[[Stanislaus Lem]]
*[[Plato]] ([[424 a.C.n.|424]]/[[423 a.C.n.]]–[[348 a.C.n.|348]]/[[347 a.C.n.]]) et [[allegoria speluncae]]
*[[Zeno Eleates]]
*[[Zhuang Zhou|Zhuangzi]] ([[floruit]] [[saeculum 4 a.C.n.|saeculo quarto a.C.n.]]) et [[Zhuangzi (liber)#&quot;Somnium papilionis&quot;|Sinense papilionis somnium]]

==Notae==
&lt;div class=&quot;references-small&quot;&gt;&lt;references/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

==Bibliographia==
*Copleston, Frederick. [[1946]], [[1993]]. ''Greece and Rome.'' A History of Philosophy, 1 Novi Eboraci: Image Books (Doubleday). ISBN 0385468431.
*Copleston, Frederick. [[1960]], [[1994]]. ''Modern Philosophy.'' A History of Philosophy, 4. Novi Eboraci: Image Books (Doubleday). ISBN 038547041X.
*Deutsch, David. [[1997]]. ''The Fabric of Reality.'' Londinii: Penguin Science (Allen Lane). ISBN 0140146903.
*Lem, Stanislaw. [[1964]]. ''Summa Technologiae.'' ISBN 3518371789.
*Lloyd, Seth. [[2006]]. ''Programming the Universe: A Quantum Computer Scientist Takes on the Cosmos.'' Novi Eboraci: Knopf. ISBN 9781400040926.
*Tipler, Frank. [[1994]]. ''The Physics of Immortality.'' Doubleday. ISBN 0385467990.

==Nexus externi==
&lt;!--Anthropic--&gt;''
*Bostrom, Nick. [http://www.anthropic-principle.com/preprints.html Commentarii de realitate simulata et rebus coniunctis,] www.anthropic-principle.com
&lt;!--Big Brother--&gt;
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080608005610/http://www.ipod.org.uk/reality/reality_big_brother.asp &quot;The Big Brother Universe,&quot;] www.ipod.org.uk
&lt;!--Computer--&gt;
*Schmidhuber, Jürgen. [http://www.idsia.ch/~juergen/computeruniverse.html &quot;Computer Universes and an Algorithmic Theory of Everything,&quot;] www.idsia.ch
&lt;!--Computational--&gt;
*[http://slashdot.org/articles/03/05/31/2224253.shtml &quot;The Computational Requirements for the Matrix,&quot;] slashdot.org (colloquium)
&lt;!--Computationalism--&gt;
*Davenport, David. [http://www.cs.bilkent.edu.tr/~david/papers/computationalism.doc &quot;Computationalism: The Very Idea,&quot;] www.cs.bilkent.edu.tr
&lt;!--Cutting--&gt;
*Graham-Rowe, Duncan. [http://www.technologyreview.com/read_article.aspx?id=17363&amp;amp;ch=biotech&amp;sc=&amp;pg=1 &quot;The Cutting Edge of Haptics,&quot;], ''Technology Review'' (MIT)
&lt;!--God--&gt;
*Kelly, Kevin. [https://web.archive.org/web/20130905011040/http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/10.12/holytech.html &quot;God Is the Machine,&quot;] ''[[Wired (magazina)|Wired]]''
&lt;!--Mysterious--&gt;
*Davies, Paul. [[2002]]. [http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=that-mysterious-flow &quot;That Mysterious Flow,&quot;] ''Scientific American'' 287(3):40–45.
*Silby, Brent. [[2009]]. [http://www.scribd.com/doc/3015396/Simulated-Universe-by-Brent-Silby &quot;Simulated Universe,&quot;] ''Philosophy Now'' 75
&lt;!--Simulation--&gt;
*Bostrom, Nick. [http://www.simulation-argument.com &quot;The Simulation Argument,&quot;] www.simulation-argument.com&lt;!--Website Director, Future of Humanity Institute, Oxford University. Includes his original paper--&gt;
*Moravec, Hans. [[1998]]. [http://www.frc.ri.cmu.edu/~hpm/project.archive/general.articles/1998/SimConEx.98.html &quot;Simulation, Consciousness, Existence,&quot;] www.frc.ri.cmu.edu
&lt;!--Simulism--&gt;
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20180411194301/http://www.simulism.org/ ''Simulism,''] www.simulism.org (wiki)&lt;!--devoted to the possibility that our reality is a simulation--&gt;
*Platt, Charles. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190217004738/http://www.primitivism.com/superhumanism.htm &quot;Superhumanism, an interview of Hans Moravec,&quot;] www.primitivism.com
&lt;!--What--&gt;
*Rees, Martin, Eques. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090503045913/http://www.channel4.com/science/microsites/W/what_we_still_dont_know/textonly/to_arewereal.html ''What We Still Don't Know,''] documentarium Channel 4&lt;!--by British Astronomer Royal--&gt;
&lt;!--Zombies--&gt;
*Kirk, Robert. [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/zombies/ &quot;Zombies,&quot;] &lt;!--Philosophical zombie article in--&gt; ''Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy''

{{DEFAULTSORT:Realitas Simulata}}
[[Categoria:Hyperrealitas|Realitas simulata]]
[[Categoria:Notiones epistemologicae]]
[[Categoria:Litterae rerum futurarum]]&lt;!--melius: Science fiction themes--&gt;
[[Categoria:Notiones in metaphysica]]
[[Categoria:Philosophia mentis]]
[[Categoria:Programmatura computatralis]]&lt;!--melius: Software architecture--&gt;
[[Categoria:Realitas per genus digesta]]
[[Categoria:Realitas virtualis]]&lt;!--
[[Category:Philosophical arguments]]
[[Category:Thought experiments]]
[[Category:Internalism and externalism]]
[[Category:Mixed reality]]--&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="1050" sha1="o9e4smccsi4tmgl3ou5kvop7uinsvw8" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Pauillac_eg1.JPG |thumb|250 px|Pauillac: [[ecclesia]] [[Sanctus Martinus|Sancto Martino]] dicata]]
[[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 33314.png|thumb|left|250px|Pauillac: communis tabula]]

'''Pauillac''' est commune [[Francia|Francicum]] 5'024 incolarum (anno [[2012]]) praefecturae [[Girundia (praefectura Franciae)|Girundiae]] in regione occidentali [[Aquitania]] (a die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2016]] [[Aquitania Lemovicensis Pictaviensis et Carantoni|Aquitania Lemovicensi Pictaviensi et Carantonis]]).
{{NexInt}}

* [[Index communium praefecturae Girundiae|Indicem communium praefecturae Girundiae]]

== Nexus externi ==

{{CommuniaCat|Pauillac|Pauillac}}

* {{INSEE commune|33314|de=Pauillac}}
* [http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=26320 De hoc commune apud cassini.ehess.fr]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160601103631/http://www.pauillac-medoc.com/ Huius communis pagina interretialis]
{{geo-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Girumnae]]
[[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Girumnae]]</text>
      <sha1>o9e4smccsi4tmgl3ou5kvop7uinsvw8</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Noaillan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>235699</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3998694</id>
      <parentid>3446047</parentid>
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      <text bytes="1014" sha1="4rdfla9pe3pj4q1vdz4vn86wiw39yji" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus: Noaillan_Mairie.jpg |thumb|250 px|Noaillan: [[vici conciliabulum]]]]
[[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 33307.png|thumb|left|250px|Noaillan: communis tabula]]

'''Noaillan''' est commune [[Francia|Francicum]] 1'597 incolarum (anno [[2012]]) praefecturae [[Girundia (praefectura Franciae)|Girundiae]] in regione occidentali [[Aquitania]] (a die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2016]] [[Aquitania Lemovicensis Pictaviensis et Carantoni|Aquitania Lemovicensi Pictaviensi et Carantonis]]).
{{NexInt}}

* [[Index communium praefecturae Girundiae|Indicem communium praefecturae Girundiae]]

== Nexus externi ==

{{CommuniaCat|Noaillan|Noaillan}}

* {{INSEE commune|33307|de=Noaillan}}
* [http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=25067 De hoc commune apud cassini.ehess.fr]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160523002418/http://www.noaillan.fr/ Huius communis pagina interretialis]
{{geo-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Girumnae]]
[[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Girumnae]]</text>
      <sha1>4rdfla9pe3pj4q1vdz4vn86wiw39yji</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Provisum Wilmotianum</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="4499" sha1="mb5t1kjk9o37kfjqdvlcc8ti4uaxry9" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:David Wilmot.png|thumb|200px|[[David Wilmot]].]]
[[Fasciculus:Whig harmony.jpg|thumb|200px|Provisum Wilmotianum offensio candidatis [[praeses Civitatum Foederatarum|praesidentialibus]] sicut [[Zacharias Taylor]] videbatur.]]
[[Fasciculus:US Slave Free 1789-1861.gif|thumb|300px|[[Animatio]] statum [[Civitatum Foederatarum civitas|civitatum]] et [[territorium Civitatum Foederatarum|territoriorum Americanorum]] annorum ab [[1789]] ad [[1861]] monstrat, Provisum Wilmotianum implicans.]]

'''Provisum Wilmotianum''' fuit proposita [[lex]] [[Civitates Foederatae|Americana]] ad [[servitus|servitutum]] in ullo [[Cessio Mexicana|territorio]] a [[Mexicum|Mexico]] in [[Bellum Mexicanum|Bello Mexicano]] capturo prohibendam.&lt;ref&gt;Fehrenbach 2000:273.&lt;/ref&gt; Certamen provisum attingens fuit unus ex maioribus eventibus qui ad [[Bellum Civile Americanum]] tetendit.

[[David Wilmot]] [[Camera Repraesentantium Civitatum Foederatarum|legatus Congressionalis]] hoc provisum in [[Camera Repraesentantium Civitatum Foederatarum]] die [[8 Augusti]] [[1846]] introduxit, [[adiectio]]nem&lt;!--rider--&gt; ad rogationem $2,000,000 in ultimas transactiones ad [[Bellum Mexicanum]] solvendum destinatam (quod solum tres menses post initium [[bellum|belli]] fuit). Provisum Cameram Repraesentantium pertulit, sed in [[Senatus Civitatum Foederatarum Americae|Senatu]] defecit, ubi [[Civitatum Foederatarum civitas|civitatibus]] meridianis fuit maior repraesentatio. Provisum mense Februario [[1847]] iterum introductum, iterum Cameram Repraesentantium prolatum est, sed in Senatu iterum defecit. Anno [[1848]], conatus ad provisum in [[Foedus Guadalupiae|Foedere Guadalupiae]] ascribendum etiam defecit. Disputationes politicae [[regio]]nales de servitute in civitatibus meridioccidentalibus usque ad [[Compromissum Missuriense 1850]] persistebant.&lt;!--

==Vide etiam==
*[[Slave Trade Act]]s
*[[Proviso Township, Cook County, Illinois|Proviso Township, Illinois]], named for the Wilmot Proviso--&gt;

==Notae==
&lt;div class=&quot;references-small&quot;&gt;&lt;references/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
==Bibliographia==
*Berwanger, Eugene H. [[1967]]. ''The Frontier Against Slavery: Western Anti-Negro Prejudice and the Slavery Extension Controversy.'' ISBN 0252070569.
*Cooper, William J. Jr. [[1978]]. ''The South and the Politics of Slavery 1828–1856.'' ISBN 0807107751.
*Earle, Jonathan H. [[2004]]. ''Jacksonian Antislavery &amp; the Politics of Free Soil, 1824–1854.'' ISBN 0807828882.
*Fehrenbach, T. R. [[2000]]. ''Lone Star: A History of Texas and the Texans.'' Da Capo Press. ISBN 9780306809422.
*Foner, Eric. [[1970]]. ''Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men: The Ideology of the Republican Party before the Civil War.'' ISBN 019099818.
*Freehling, William W. [[1990]]. ''The Road to Disunion: Secessionists at Bay 1776–1854.'' ISBN 0195058143.
*Holt, Michael F. [[1978]]. ''The Political Crisis of the 1850s.'' ISBN 039395370X.
*Johnansen, Robert W. [[1973]]. ''Stephen A. Douglas/'' ISBN 0252066359.
*Levine, Bruce. [[1992]]. ''Half Slave and Half Free: The Roots of Civil War.'' ISBN 0809053527.
*McKnight, Brian D. [[2000]]. Wilmot Proviso. ''Encyclopedia of the American Civil War,'' ed. David S. et Jeanne T. Heidler. ISBN 039304758X.
*Morrison, Michael A. [[1997]]. ''Slavery and the American West: The Eclipse of Manifest Destiny and the Coming of the Civil War.'' ISBN 0807823198
*Nevins, Allan. [[1947]]. ''Ordeal of the Union: Fruits of Manifest Destiny 1847–1852.''
*Niven, John. [[1988]]. ''John C. Calhoun and the Price of Union: A Biography.'' ISBN 0807114510.
*Potter, David M. [[1976]]. ''The Impending Crisis 1848–1861.'' ISBN 0061319295.
*Richards, Leonard L. [[2000]]. ''The Slave Power and Southern Domination 1780–1860.'' ISBN 0807125377.
*Silby, Joel H. [[2005]]. ''Storm over Texas: The Annexation Controversy and the Road to the Civil War.'' ISBN 0195139445.
*Walther, Eric H. [[2006]]. ''William Lowndes Yancey: The Coming of the Civil War.'' ISBN 0807830275.

==Nexus externi==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060303135647/http://blueandgraytrail.com/event/Wilmot_Proviso Wilmot Proviso]&lt;!--
*{{Cite NIE|wstitle=Wilmot Proviso|year=1905 |short=x}}--&gt;

[[Categoria:Bellum Mexici et Civitatum Foederatarum]]
[[Categoria:Historia Civitatum Foederatarum]]&lt;!--en:Legal h. CFA
History of the United States (1849–65)
African-American history
History of United States expansionism
United States federal territory and statehood legislation--&gt;
[[Categoria:Historia Mexici]]
[[Categoria:Servitus in Civitatibus Foederatis]]</text>
      <sha1>mb5t1kjk9o37kfjqdvlcc8ti4uaxry9</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Helena (Pyrenaei orientales)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>243350</id>
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        <id>54500</id>
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      <comment>referentia nominis latini</comment>
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      <text bytes="1411" sha1="g19ojb4fg4tsl32xbwnv6e6w0huujvf" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}
[[Fasciculus:Cath%C3%A9drale_Sainte-Eulalie-et-Sainte-Julie_2_%28Elne%2C_66%29.JPG |thumb|250 px|Elne: [[ecclesia]] [[cathedralis]] [[Sancta Eulalia|Sanctis Eulaliae]] [[Sancta Iulia|Iuliaeque]] dicata]]

'''Helena'''&lt;ref&gt;Seu ''Elna'' seu ''Elenensis'' seu ''Eliberri'' seu ''Exalatensis'' seu ''Helna'' seu ''Illiberis'', cfr {{graesse}}, t. 2, p. 221.&lt;/ref&gt; sive '''Ruscino''' (Francogallice ''Elne'', [[Catalane]] ''Elna'') est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] {{formatnum:9511}} incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Pyrenaeus Orientalis|Pyrenaei Orientalis]] in regione australi [[Occitania et Ruscino]]ne (a die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2016]] [[Occitania Ruscino Meridianum et Pyrenaei|Occitania Ruscinone Meridiano et Pyrenaeis]]).

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index communium praefecturae Pyrenaei Orientalis|Indicem communium praefecturae Pyrenaei Orientalis]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Elne|Elne}}
{{INSEE commune|66065|de=Elne}}
* {{opus|url=http://cassini.ehess.fr/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=12577 |titulus=De hoc communi |domus editoria=apud cassini.ehess.fr}}
* [http://www.ville-elne.com/ Huius communis pagina interretialis]

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{geo-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Pyrenaeorum orientalium]]
[[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Pyrenaeorum orientalium]]
[[Categoria:Sedes episcopales Franciae]]</text>
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      <comment>Pippobuono movit paginam [[Elne]] ad [[Helena (Pyrenaei orientales)]]: nomen latinum attestatur in Graesse</comment>
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      <text bytes="1411" sha1="g19ojb4fg4tsl32xbwnv6e6w0huujvf" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}
[[Fasciculus:Cath%C3%A9drale_Sainte-Eulalie-et-Sainte-Julie_2_%28Elne%2C_66%29.JPG |thumb|250 px|Elne: [[ecclesia]] [[cathedralis]] [[Sancta Eulalia|Sanctis Eulaliae]] [[Sancta Iulia|Iuliaeque]] dicata]]

'''Helena'''&lt;ref&gt;Seu ''Elna'' seu ''Elenensis'' seu ''Eliberri'' seu ''Exalatensis'' seu ''Helna'' seu ''Illiberis'', cfr {{graesse}}, t. 2, p. 221.&lt;/ref&gt; sive '''Ruscino''' (Francogallice ''Elne'', [[Catalane]] ''Elna'') est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] {{formatnum:9511}} incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Pyrenaeus Orientalis|Pyrenaei Orientalis]] in regione australi [[Occitania et Ruscino]]ne (a die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2016]] [[Occitania Ruscino Meridianum et Pyrenaei|Occitania Ruscinone Meridiano et Pyrenaeis]]).

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index communium praefecturae Pyrenaei Orientalis|Indicem communium praefecturae Pyrenaei Orientalis]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Elne|Elne}}
{{INSEE commune|66065|de=Elne}}
* {{opus|url=http://cassini.ehess.fr/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=12577 |titulus=De hoc communi |domus editoria=apud cassini.ehess.fr}}
* [http://www.ville-elne.com/ Huius communis pagina interretialis]

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{geo-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Pyrenaeorum orientalium]]
[[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Pyrenaeorum orientalium]]
[[Categoria:Sedes episcopales Franciae]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Herveus Gosselin</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>249408</id>
    <revision>
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      <text bytes="553" sha1="syhjbmkdw3rw06j1r1m20mq5kowtj8p" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidata}}
[[Fasciculus:Coat of arms of Hervé Gosselin.svg|thumbnail]]
'''Herveus Gosselin''' (Francogallice ''Hervé Gosselin''; [[Portus Namnetum|Portu Namnetum]] natus die [[16 Aprilis]] [[1956]]) est ab anno [[2015]] urbis [[Angolisma]]e [[episcopus]] (Dioecesis Engolismensis).

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Hervé Gosselin|Herveum Gosselin}}
{{Fontes biographici}}
* {{CathHierBishop|gosselin}}

{{bio-stipula}}

{{Lifetime|1956||Gosselin, Herveus}}

[[Categoria:Incolae Franciae]]
[[Categoria:Episcopi Ecclesiae Catholicae]]</text>
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      <comment>Pippobuono movit paginam [[Hervé Gosselin]] ad [[Herveus Gosselin]] praeter redirectionem: sicut solet, nomen latinum si adest, cognomen e lingua vulgoris</comment>
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      <text bytes="553" sha1="syhjbmkdw3rw06j1r1m20mq5kowtj8p" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidata}}
[[Fasciculus:Coat of arms of Hervé Gosselin.svg|thumbnail]]
'''Herveus Gosselin''' (Francogallice ''Hervé Gosselin''; [[Portus Namnetum|Portu Namnetum]] natus die [[16 Aprilis]] [[1956]]) est ab anno [[2015]] urbis [[Angolisma]]e [[episcopus]] (Dioecesis Engolismensis).

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Hervé Gosselin|Herveum Gosselin}}
{{Fontes biographici}}
* {{CathHierBishop|gosselin}}

{{bio-stipula}}

{{Lifetime|1956||Gosselin, Herveus}}

[[Categoria:Incolae Franciae]]
[[Categoria:Episcopi Ecclesiae Catholicae]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nordtmor</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>254620</id>
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      <text bytes="4306" sha1="jxtue4evmit9fi4bvmt98eyxuz7cy1t" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

[[Fasciculus:ChurchNortmoor.JPG|thumb|left|Ecclesia Sancti Georgii Nordtmorensis.]]
'''Nordtmor'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Nordtmor&quot;&gt;Hoc Latinum toponymum regressive derivatur Latino e gentilicio &quot;Nordtmorensis-e&quot;. Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20261011064228/https://kirchengemeindelexikon.de/einzelgemeinde/nortmoor/ ''Kirchengemeindelexikon''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) ''Nordtmorensis: Hermannus Gueneranus'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Nortmoor'') est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Lerensis|Circuli Lerensis]] est. Ad commune Nordtmorem etiam vici [[Ericetum (Nordtmor)|Ericetum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ericetum&quot;&gt;[https://woerterbuchnetz.de/?sigle=MeckWB&amp;lemid=H01756 Theodiscum toponymicum vocabulum ''Heide'' Latino nomine &quot;Ericetum-i&quot; vertitur.]&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Heide''), [[Nordtmor (caput communis)|Nordtmor]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Nordtmor&quot;/&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Nortmoor''), [[Plaggenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;-burg&quot;&gt;Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-burg'' et ''-borg'' et ''-burgh'' et ''-bourg'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-burgum-i&quot;, quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Wisingsburgum]], [[Edinburgum]], [[Alburgum]], [[Altenburgum]], [[Brandeburgum]], [[Caroburgum]], [[Doesburgum]], [[Friburgum]], [[Hamburgum]], [[Iulioburgum]] apud {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Plaggenburg''), [[Pillcampus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;campus-i&quot;&gt;[https://ewa.saw-leipzig.de/articles/80250/en?utm Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-kamp'' seu ''-kampf'' seu ''-camp'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato &quot;-campus-i&quot;], quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Pillkamp''), [[Prunna (Nordtmor)|Prunna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Prunna&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Brunn'' in Latinam &quot;Prunna-ae&quot; verti solet. V.gr. confer &quot;Prunnas&quot; apud [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&amp;cq=M%C3%BCnchen&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Brunn'') atque [[Wiscun]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wiscun&quot;&gt;Vide [https://bouwstoffen.kantl.be/tw/query/?arr=14&amp;utm ''Bouwstoffen''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Terwisch (facs.) [ Terwisch : Au : Ns ] UUiscun (zweif. ident.) (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (Theodisce ''Terwisch'') pertinent. Ab anno [[1973]] Nordtmor cum aliis communibus ad commune generale [[Iummium (commune generale)|Iummium]] pertinet.

== Historia ==
Anno [[1411]] Nordtmor primo in actis descriptus est. Olim regio pars [[Frisia orientalis|Frisiae Orientalis]] fuit. Anno [[1637]] - inter [[Bellum triginta annorum]] et epidemiam pestis - Nordtmor dimidiam partem incolarum amisit. Annis [[1744]] - [[1806]] Nordtmor ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Nordtmor ab anno 1806 deinde ad [[Nederlandia]]m, annis [[1810]] ad [[1813]] ad [[Primum Imperium Francicum]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1815]] Nordtmor [[Regnum Hannoveranum|Regno Hannoverano]] traditus est, quod anno [[1866]] a Borussia occupatum est. Ab anno [[1885]] Nordtmor ad circulum Lerensem pertinet et ab anno [[1946]] vici regionis ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinent. Post [[Bellum mundanum secundum|Bellum Mundanum Secundum]] multi homines ex oriente Germaniae fugati in hac regione novam patriam invenerunt. Anno [[1973]] Nordtmor cum communi [[Filsum|Filso]] et oppido [[Teuderium|Teuderio]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&amp;cq=M%C3%BCnchen&amp;lang=de''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Detern''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Tjootern''; [[Saxonice|Orientalifrisicosaxonice]] ''Däitern'') ad commune generale Iummium se coniunxit. Die [[10 Novembris]] [[2011]] Uwe Fecht (SPD) novus magister civium Nordtmoris electus est&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ga-online.de/-news/artikel/49986/Ueberraschung-im-Nortmoorer-Rat ga-online.de die 10 Novembris 2011]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Nortmoor|Nordtmorem}}
* [http://www.nortmoor.de/ Pagina officialis communis generalis Iummii]

[[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]]
[[Categoria:Frisia orientalis]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Circulus Landishutensis</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="13683" sha1="99lxdu35bsrq9i5bf9br74l1gqpfo6j" xml:space="preserve">{{L}}
{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}
'''Circulus Landishutensis''', vel '''Pagus Landishutensis''', in [[Provincia (Germania)|provincia]] [[Bavaria inferior]]e situs, [[Landishuta]]m [[urbs|urbem]] circumdat, [[caput (urbs)|caput]] sed non partem eius. Anno [[1972]], formam hodiernam accepit. Hic [[circulus]] est secundus quoad [[area (geometria)|aream]] post circulum Passaviensem et confinis ad pagos Bavariae Inferioris [[Kelheim]] (in occidente), Boiodurum-Bogen, Dingolfing-Landau, et Rottal-Aenum (in oriente), praeterea ad [[Palatinatus Superior|Palatinatum Superiorem]] in [[septentrio]]nibus, et ad [[Bavaria Superior|Bavariam Superiorem]] in meridie et occidente.

== Insigne ==
[[Insigne]] circuli monstrat in alto [[rhombus|rhombos]] [[Bavaria]]e et sub eis insigne comitum Prisonum (Theodisce ''Preysing'') ut exempli tot [[nobilis|nobilium]] sedum in rure dispersarum.

== Natura terrestris ==
Ager huius circuli praeter [[vallis|valles]] fluminum (praecipue [[Isara (Bavaricus)|Isarae]] et [[Filsa]]e), quae [[Danuvius|Danuvium]] petunt, permultis [[collis|collibus]] conspersus est. Hi colles [[Aevum glain ciale|aevo glaciali]] orti sunt. Quorum altissimus (525 m supra mare) in meridie pagi invenitur. Ager circum Landishutam [[creta (minerale)|cretam]] lutumque figulare praebet, quo iam a temporibus antiquis ad fabricationem laterum posteaque etiam vasorum fictilium usi sunt. [[Fornax]] figularis e temporibus tardo-antiquitatis provinciae Romanae, prope Landishutam reperta, in museo artis tegulariae (theodisce ''Ziegel- und Kalkmuseum'') in viculo Flintsbach (nunc pars Fori Winzer) ostentatur.

== Historia et cultura ==
Iam aetatibus [[Aetas lapidea|lapidea]], [[Aetas aënea|aënea]] et [[Aetas ferrea|ferrea]] in valle Isarae homines vivebant.&lt;ref&gt;Diercke Lexikon Deutschland (1988). Augustae Vindelicorum: Weltbild Verlag {{ling|Theodisce}}&lt;/ref&gt; Aetate Romana sub imperatore [[Claudius (imperator)|Claudio]] haec regio pars provinciae [[Raetia]]e facta est.&lt;ref&gt;Christophorus Thoma: Hightech im Hügelland - Der Landkreis Landshut (2002). Landishutae: Circulus Landishutensis (editor)&lt;/ref&gt;. Cum in parte ad sinistram Isarae iacente colonisatio praecipue in vicis facta sit, in parte ad dextram fluvii confiniente villae singulae dispersae dominantur. Toti terrae arces nobilium et ecclesiae Gothicae latericiae propriae sunt.

== Communia circuli ==
Circulo Landishutensi sunt 35 communia, inter quae duae urbes et septem fora.

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;float:left; margin-right:1em&quot;
|+ Urbes

! Urbs || Insigne || Area&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;km²&lt;/small&gt; || Incolae&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;31 Decembris 2014&lt;/small&gt; || Spissitudo&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;per km²&lt;/small&gt; || Altitudo&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;supra mare&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|| '''[[Rottenburg ad Laaber]]''' ||align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Fasciculus:DEU Rottenburg a.d.Laaber COA.svg|30px]] ||align=&quot;center&quot; | 90.15 ||align=&quot;center&quot;| 7&amp;thinsp;827 ||align=&quot;center&quot; | 87 ||align=&quot;center&quot; | 453
|-
|| '''[[Vilsbiburg]]''' || align=&quot;center&quot; |[[Fasciculus:DEU Vilsbiburg COA.svg|30px]] || align=&quot;center&quot;|{{nts|68.85}}||align=&quot;center&quot;|11&amp;thinsp;535||align=&quot;center&quot; |168||align=&quot;center&quot; |{{nts|449}}
|-
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;float:left; margin-right:1em&quot;
|+ Fora

! Forum || Insigne || Area&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;km²&lt;/small&gt; || Incolae&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;31 Decembris 2014&lt;/small&gt; || Spissitudo&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;per km²&lt;/small&gt; || Altitudo&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;supra mare&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| '''[[Altdorfium (Bavaria Inferior)|Altdorfium]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Altdorfium&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Altdorf' in Latinam &quot;Altdorfium&quot; sive &quot;Palaeocomē&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide {{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; || align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Fasciculus:DEU Altdorf (Niederbayern) COA.svg|30px]] || {{nts|23.05}} || align=&quot;center&quot;| {{nts|11&amp;thinsp;158}} || align=&quot;center&quot; | {{nts|484}} || align=&quot;center&quot; |{{nts|399}}
|-
|| '''[[Ergolding]]''' || align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Fasciculus:DEU Ergolding COA.svg|30px]] || {{nts|37.16}} || align=&quot;center&quot; | 12&amp;thinsp;193 || align=&quot;center&quot; |{{nts|328}} || align=&quot;center&quot; |{{nts|392}}
|-
|| '''[[Ergoldsbach]]''' || align=&quot;center&quot; |[[Fasciculus:DEU Ergoldsbach COA.svg|30px]] || {{nts|57.06}} || align=&quot;center&quot; | {{nts|7&amp;thinsp;709}} ||align=&quot;center&quot; | {{nts|135}} || align=&quot;center&quot; |{{nts|416}}
|-
|| '''[[Essenbach]]''' || align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Fasciculus:DEU Essenbach COA.svg|30px]] || {{nts|83.57}} || align=&quot;center&quot; | {{nts|11&amp;thinsp;804}} || align=&quot;center&quot; | {{nts|141}} || align=&quot;center&quot; |{{nts|391}}
|-
|| '''[[Felda]]''' || align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Fasciculus:DEU Velden (Vils) COA.svg|30px]] || {{nts|49.4}} || align=&quot;center&quot; | 6&amp;thinsp;909 || align=&quot;center&quot; | {{nts|140}} || align=&quot;center&quot; |{{nts|477}}
|-
|| '''[[Geisenhausen]]''' || align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Fasciculus:DEU Geisenhausen (mit Schildhalter) COA.svg|30px]] || {{nts|62.54}} ||align=&quot;center&quot; | {{nts|6&amp;thinsp;896}} ||align=&quot;center&quot; | {{nts|110}} || align=&quot;center&quot; |{{nts|460}}
|-
|| '''[[Pfeffenhausen]]''' || align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Fasciculus:DEU Pfeffenhausen COA.svg|30px]] || {{nts|71.79}} ||align=&quot;center|{{nts|4&amp;thinsp;932}}||align=&quot;center&quot; | {{nts|69}} || align=&quot;center&quot; |{{nts|436}}
|-
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;float:left&quot;
|+ Alia communia

! Commune || Insigne || Area&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;km²&lt;/small&gt; || Incolae&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;31 Decembris 2014&lt;/small&gt; || Spissitudo&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;per km²&lt;/small&gt; || Altitudo&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;supra mare&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| '''[[Adalahkewa]]'''&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20170326102611/http://www.wittmann.de/einsatzgebiete/adlkofen ''www.wittmann.de''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Der Name Adlkofen taucht zum ersten Mal als Grafschaft Adalahkevva in einer Urkunde auf, die Kaiser Otto der Große kurz vor seinem Tod 973 in Merseburg ausstellte (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; || align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Fasciculus:DEU Adlkofen COA.svg|30px]] || {{nts|47.82}} || align=&quot;center&quot; | {{nts|4&amp;thinsp;078}} || align=&quot;center&quot; | {{nts|85}} || align=&quot;center&quot; |{{nts|499}}
|-
| '''[[Aham]]''' || align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Fasciculus:DEU Aham COA.svg|30px]] || {{nts|38}} || align=&quot;center&quot; |{{nts|1&amp;thinsp;958}} || align=&quot;center&quot; | {{nts|52}}|| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{nts|420}}
|-
| '''[[Altfraunhofen]]''' || align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Fasciculus:DEU Altfraunhofen COA.svg|30px]] || {{nts|24.28}} || align=&quot;center&quot; | {{nts|2&amp;thinsp;317}} || align=&quot;center&quot; | {{nts|95}} || align=&quot;center&quot; |{{nts|466}}
|-
| '''[[Bodenkircha]]'''&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/stream/monumentaboica01karagoog/monumentaboica01karagoog_djvu.txt ''Monumenta Boica''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) praedium  ecclesiae  Bodenkircha (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; || align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Fasciculus:DEU Bodenkirchen COA.svg|30px]] || {{nts|62}} || align=&quot;center&quot; | {{nts| 5&amp;thinsp;246}} || align=&quot;center&quot; | {{nts|85}}|| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{nts|470}}
|-
| '''[[Bruckberga (Bavaria Inferior)|Bruckberga]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Bruckberga&quot;&gt;Theodiscum toponymum ''Bruckberg'' in Latinam &quot;Bruckberga&quot; verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://archive.org/details/ned-kbn-all-00001637-001/page/222/mode/2up?q=Bruckberga ''P. Bertii commentariorum rerum germanicarum libri tres''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Bruckbergae Baro (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; || align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Fasciculus:DEU Bruckberg (Niederbayern) COA.svg|30px]] || {{nts|51.11}} || align=&quot;center&quot; | {{nts|5&amp;thinsp;336}} || align=&quot;center&quot; | {{nts| 104}} || align=&quot;center&quot; |{{nts|427}}
|-
| '''[[Bocha]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].&lt;/ref&gt; || align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Fasciculus:DEU Buch am Erlbach COA.svg|30px]] || {{nts|26.71}} || align=&quot;center&quot; | {{nts|3&amp;thinsp;739}} || align=&quot;center&quot; | {{nts| 140}} || align=&quot;center&quot; |{{nts| 441}}
|-
| '''[[Ehinga (Landishuta)|Ehinga]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; || align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Fasciculus:DEU Eching (Kreis Landshut) COA.svg|30px]] || {{nts|30.1}} || align=&quot;center&quot; | {{nts| 3&amp;thinsp;903}} || align=&quot;center&quot; | {{nts|130}} || align=&quot;center&quot; | {{nts|405}}
|-
| '''[[Furth (Niederbayern)|Furth]]''' || align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Fasciculus:DEU Furth (Niederbayern) COA.svg|30px]] || {{nts|20.97}} || align=&quot;center&quot; | {{nts|3&amp;thinsp;529}} || align=&quot;center&quot; | {{nts|168}} || align=&quot;center&quot; |{{nts|428}}
|-
| '''[[Gerzen]]''' || align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Fasciculus:DEU Gerzen (Landshut) COA.svg|30px]] || {{nts|17}} || align=&quot;center&quot; | {{nts|1&amp;thinsp;824}} || align=&quot;center&quot; |{{nts|107}} || align=&quot;center&quot; |{{nts|433}}
|-
| '''[[Hohenthann]]''' || align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Fasciculus:Wappen von Hohenthann.svg|30px]] || {{nts|68.32}} || align=&quot;center&quot; | {{nts|4&amp;thinsp;063}} || align=&quot;center&quot; | {{nts|59}} || align=&quot;center&quot; |{{nts|487}}
|-
| '''[[Kröning]]''' || align=&quot;center&quot; ||| {{nts|39.61}} || align=&quot;center&quot; | 2&amp;thinsp;011 || align=&quot;center&quot; | {{nts|51}} || align=&quot;center&quot; |{{nts|458}}
|-
| '''[[Kumhausen]]''' || align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Fasciculus:DEU Kumhausen COA.svg|30px]] || {{nts|37.07}} || align=&quot;center&quot; | 5&amp;thinsp;351 || align=&quot;center&quot; | {{nts|144}} || align=&quot;center&quot; |{{nts|500}}
|-
| '''[[Neufahrn in Bavaria Inferiori]]''' || align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Fasciculus:Neufahrn_in_NiederbayernWappen.jpeg|30px]] || {{nts|38.76}} || align=&quot;center&quot; | {{nts|4&amp;thinsp;017}} || align=&quot;center&quot; | {{nts| 104}} || align=&quot;center&quot; |{{nts|404}}
|-
| '''[[Neufraunhofen]]''' || align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Fasciculus:DEU Neufraunhofen COA.svg|30px]] || {{nts|17.94}} || align=&quot;center&quot; | 1&amp;thinsp;072 || align=&quot;center&quot; | {{nts|60}} || align=&quot;center&quot; |{{nts|495}}
|-
| '''[[Niederaichbach]]''' || align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Fasciculus:DEU Niederaichbach COA.svg|30px]] || {{nts|34.06}} || align=&quot;center&quot; | {{nts|3&amp;thinsp;975}} || align=&quot;center&quot; | {{nts|117}} || align=&quot;center&quot; |{{nts|376}}
|-
| '''[[Obersüßbach]]''' || align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Fasciculus:DEU Obersüßbach COA.svg|30px]] || {{nts|23.58}} || align=&quot;center&quot; | {{nts|1&amp;thinsp;734}} || align=&quot;center&quot; | {{nts|472}} || align=&quot;center&quot; |{{nts|472}}
|-
| '''[[Piparpah]]'''&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://francia.ahlfeldt.se/page/documents/13500 ''Regnum Francorum''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Bayerbach , as possession ''Sindbertus episcopus tradidit hereditatem suam in loco, qui dicitur Svnnihhinga, et Piparpah'' (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; || align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Fasciculus:DEU Bayerbach (Ergoldsbach) COA.svg|30px]] || {{nts|25.42}} || align=&quot;center&quot; | {{nts|1&amp;thinsp;809}} || align=&quot;center&quot; | {{nts| 71}} || align=&quot;center&quot; |{{nts|409}}
|-
| '''[[Postau]]''' || align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Fasciculus:DEU Postau COA.svg|30px]] || {{nts|34.84}} || align=&quot;center&quot; | {{nts|1&amp;thinsp;620}} || align=&quot;center&quot;| {{nts|48}} || align=&quot;center&quot; |{{nts|388}}
|-
| '''[[Purgipach]]'''&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Abhandlungen-Akademie-Bayern-hist_2-1837_0001-0119.pdf ''Einführung und Beleuchtung''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Vodalricus de purgipach (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; || align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Fasciculus:DEU Baierbach COA.svg|30px]] || {{nts|16.76}} || align=&quot;center&quot; | {{nts|791}} || align=&quot;center&quot; | {{nts|47}} || align=&quot;center&quot; |{{nts|418}}
|-
| '''[[Schalkham]]''' || align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Fasciculus:DEU Schalkham COA.svg|30px]] || {{nts|22.71}} || align=&quot;center&quot; | {{nts|860}} || align=&quot;center&quot;| {{nts|38}} || align=&quot;center&quot; |{{nts|430}}
|-
| '''[[Tiefenbach (prope Landshut)|Tiefenbach]]''' || align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Fasciculus:DEU Tiefenbach (bei Landshut) COA.svg|30px]] || {{nts|24.72}} || align=&quot;center&quot; | {{nts|3&amp;thinsp;792}} || align=&quot;center&quot; | {{nts| 153}} || align=&quot;center&quot; |{{nts|454}}
|-
| '''[[Vilsheim]]''' || align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Fasciculus:DEU Vilsheim COA.svg|30px]] || {{nts|21.7}} || align=&quot;center&quot; | {{nts|2&amp;thinsp;491}} || align=&quot;center&quot; | {{nts|115}} || align=&quot;center&quot; |{{nts|467}}
|-
| '''[[Weihmichl]]''' || align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Fasciculus:Weihmichl_coat_of_arms.svg|30px]] || {{nts|32.16}} || align=&quot;center&quot; |2&amp;thinsp;483 || align=&quot;center&quot; | {{nts|77}} || align=&quot;center&quot; |{{nts|440}}
|-
| '''[[Weng (ad Isaram)|Weng]]''' || align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Fasciculus:DEU Weng (Isar) COA.svg|30px]] || {{nts|15.62}} || align=&quot;center&quot; | {{nts|1&amp;thinsp;434}} || align=&quot;center&quot; | {{nts|92}} || align=&quot;center&quot; |{{nts|379}}
|-
| '''[[Wörth an der Isar|Wörth a.d.Isar]]''' || align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Fasciculus:DEU Wörth an der Isar COA.svg|30px]] || {{nts|4.84}} || align=&quot;center&quot; | {{nts|2&amp;thinsp;837}} || align=&quot;center&quot; | {{nts|586}} || align=&quot;center&quot; |{{nts|369}}
|-
| '''[[Wurmsham]]''' || align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Fasciculus:DEU Wurmsham COA.svg|30px]] || {{nts|28.14}} || align=&quot;center&quot; | {{nts|1&amp;thinsp;353}} || align=&quot;center&quot; | {{nts|48}} || align=&quot;center&quot; |{{nts|480}}
|-
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

'''[[Societas administrativa|Societates administrativae]]'''
# S. a. Altfraunhofen&lt;br /&gt;(formata e communibus Altfraunhofen et Baierbach)
# S. a. Ergoldsbach&lt;br /&gt;(formata e foro Ergoldsbach et communi Bayerbach prope Ergoldsbach)
# S. a. Furth&lt;br /&gt;(formata e communibus Furth, Obersüßbach, et Weihmichl)
# S. a. Gerzen&lt;br /&gt;(formata e communibus Aham, Gerzen, Kröning, et Schalkham)
# S. a. Felda&lt;br /&gt;(formata e foro Velda et communibus Neufraunhofen et Wurmsham)
# S. a. Wörth ad Isaram &lt;br /&gt;(formata e communibus Postau, Weng et Wörth ad Isaram)

== Pinacotheca ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Schlossstraße 4 (Kronwinkl).JPG|Arx Kronwinkl (comitum Prisonum)
Hohenthann-Brauhausstraße-1-Schloss.jpg|[[Palatium]] in Hohenthann
Pfarrkirche Vilsbiburg.JPG|Ecclesia parochialis [[Assumptio Beatae Mariae Virginis|assumptioni B.M.V.]] dicata in Vilsbiburg
Kirchberg (Hohenthann).jpg|Villa rustica
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{fontes geographici}}

[[Categoria:Circuli terrae Bavariae|Landishutensis circulus]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1972]]</text>
      <sha1>99lxdu35bsrq9i5bf9br74l1gqpfo6j</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Museum Novum (Berolinum)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>259662</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3998634</id>
      <parentid>3887635</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T13:10:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LilyKitty</username>
        <id>18316</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>de Herma Nefertiti</comment>
      <origin>3998634</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="1059" sha1="4pnyw86tabxplel2c8m240nnu3vkfyx" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Neues Museum Berlin EP1.JPG|thumb|Museum Novum anno 2009.]]
'''Museum Novum''' ([[Theodisce]] ''Neues Museum'') est [[museum]] [[Berolinum|Berolini]] [[Germania]]e situm, anno [[1855]] conditum. Diversa themata habet, sicut [[Aegyptus antiqua|Aegyptum antiquam]]. Museum Novum in [[Bellum Mundanum Secundum|Bello Mundano II]] destructum est et in hoc statu multis decenniis usque ad reconstructionem architecti [[David Chipperfield|Davidis Chipperfield]] fuit. Anno [[2009]] reinauguratum est.

Inter collectiones illustres [[Herma Nefertiti]] est.

==Nexus externi==
{{CommuniaCat|Neues Museum (Berlin)|Museum Novum}}
* &quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20101117161743/http://www.stadtbild-berlin.de/Stadtbild/neues_museum.htm Das Neue Museum. Vom Juwel der Museumsinsel zum Kuckucksei der Denkmalpflege und Museologen]&quot; (2006, pagina apud archive.org servata)
{{Coord|52|31|14|N|13|23|52|E|type:landmark_region:DE-BE|display=title}}

{{aedi-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Confecta 1855]]
[[Categoria:Confecta 2009]]
[[Categoria:Museum Novum (Berolinum)|!]]</text>
      <sha1>4pnyw86tabxplel2c8m240nnu3vkfyx</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3998637</id>
      <parentid>3998634</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T13:39:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IacobusAmor</username>
        <id>1163</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>3998637</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1085" sha1="gzjay7jlihx4ijs51v4xhf7zp6qvbjs" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Neues Museum Berlin EP1.JPG|thumb|Museum Novum anno 2009.]]
'''Museum Novum''' ([[Theodisce]] ''Neues Museum'') est [[museum]] [[Berolinum|Berolini]] [[Germania]]e situm, anno [[1855]] conditum. Diversa [[thema]]ta habet, praecipue [[Aegyptus antiqua|Aegyptum antiquam]]. Hoc museum [[Bellum Mundanum Secundum|Bello Mundano II]] destructum est, et in hoc statu aliquot decenniis usque ad reconstructionem [[David Chipperfield|Davidis Chipperfield]] [[architectus|architecti]] fuit. Anno [[2009]] reinauguratum est. Inter collectiones illustres, [[Herma Nefertiti]] servatur.

==Nexus externi==
{{CommuniaCat|Neues Museum (Berlin)|Museum Novum}}
* &quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20101117161743/http://www.stadtbild-berlin.de/Stadtbild/neues_museum.htm Das Neue Museum. Vom Juwel der Museumsinsel zum Kuckucksei der Denkmalpflege und Museologen]&quot; (2006, pagina apud archive.org servata)
{{Coord|52|31|14|N|13|23|52|E|type:landmark_region:DE-BE|display=title}}

{{aedi-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Confecta 1855]]
[[Categoria:Confecta 2009]]
[[Categoria:Museum Novum (Berolinum)|!]]</text>
      <sha1>gzjay7jlihx4ijs51v4xhf7zp6qvbjs</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Gaius Memmius</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>265879</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3998741</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-11-02T22:21:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Vita */</comment>
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      <text bytes="2193" sha1="crjfen6amd1upjekfmsctdwe1ewspmc" xml:space="preserve">'''Gaius Memmius''' (obiit anno fere [[46 a.C.n.]]) fuit [[vir publicus]] [[Roma antiqua|Romanus]] et delectationis causā [[poëta]].

== Vita ==
[[Lucretius]], poëta [[Epicurus|epicureus]], ''[[De Rerum Natura]],'' [[poema]] celeberrimum, huic Gaio Memmio dedicavit,&lt;ref&gt;Lucretius, ''De Rerum Natura'', liber 1,26 et 42.&lt;/ref&gt; qui autem Epicurum epicureosque non admirabatur; etenim in opere Lucretii solum bis Memmii nomen apparet.

Fortasse hic Memmius ipse fuit quem [[Gaius Valerius Catullus]] in [[Bithynia]]m persecutus est.
Hoc officium Catullum plurimum decepit, quia bonum unum quod in [[iter|itinere]] habuit poëta fuit in fratris sui funus se conferre.&lt;ref&gt;Liber Catulli, in carminibus 10 (irrumator praetor) et 28/&lt;/ref&gt;

Fortasse [[quaestor]] anno [[77 a.C.n.]] et [[tribunus plebis]] anno [[66 a.C.n.]] fuerit.

Annis a [[80 a.C.n.|80]] ad [[50 a.C.n.]] fuit [[Pompeius|Pompeianus]] et Optimatium fautor. [[Marcus Tullius Cicero|Cicero]] in [[liber|libro]] ''[[Brutus|de Bruto]]'' dicit illum doctum, eruditum [[litterae Graecae|litteris Graecis]] sed inimicus Latinis esse, et fortasse ipse fuerit poëta.

[[Praetor]] creatus est anno [[58 a.C.n.]]&lt;ref&gt;''[[Epistulae ad Quintum fratrem|Ad Quintum fratrem]]'' I.2.16&lt;/ref&gt;, propraetorque Bithyniae anno insequenti.

Anno [[54 a.C.n.|54]] aut [[53 a.C.n.]], cum corruptus esset, in exilium Roma pulsum est [[Athenae|Athenas]], ubi, ut ait Cicero,&lt;ref&gt;Ad Familiares XIII,1&lt;/ref&gt; ab Aeropago petivit ut sibi liceat domum Epicuri philosophi demoliri atque ibidem suam construere. Qua ipsa re fortasse Lucretius non Memmium in libro suo citavit amplius.

== De familia eius ==
[[Fausta Cornelia|Faustam]] [[Lucius Cornelius Sulla|L. Cornelii Sullae]] filiam duxit, sed, propter adulteria ab illa commissa, Memmius cum ea [[divortium]] fecit. Postea anno [[55 a.C.n.]], Fausta in [[matrimonium]] ducta est a [[Titus Annius Milo|Tito Annio Milone]].

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
* &quot;[http://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/moa/acl3129.0002.001/1036?page=root;rgn=full+text;size=100;view=image;q1=memmius Memmius (8)]&quot; in {{Smith-bio}}

{{Lifetime|saeculo 2 aut 1 a.C.n.|46 a.C.n.|Gaius Memmius}}
[[Categoria:Romani antiqui]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Lucius Cornelius Lentulus Crus</title>
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      <text bytes="6145" sha1="p9a6v7xkstezg88vi0r5q4khru6mdav" xml:space="preserve">'''Lucius Cornelius Lentulus Crus''' (mortuus [[48 a.C.n.]]) fuit [[Senatus Romanus|senator Romanus]] qui consulatum anno 49 a.C.n. cum [[Gaius Claudius Marcellus (consul 49 a.C.n.)|Gaio Claudio Marcello]] gessit. [[Optimates|Optimatium]] factioni favebat  et bello civili [[Pompeius|Pompei]] fautor et Caesaris acerrimus inimicus fuit.
==De gente==
Lucius [[Patricii (ordo)|patricia]] [[Gens Cornelia|gente Corneliorum Lentulorum]] ortus erat.
==De cursu honorum==
*61 a.C.n. [[Publius Clodius Pulcher|Publium Clodium Pulchrum]], tum quaestorem, incesti ob violata [[Sacra Bonae Deae|Bonae Deae sacra]] accusavit&lt;ref&gt;[[Cicero|Cic]]., ''[[De haruspicum responso|Harusp]]''. 37.&lt;/ref&gt; ; qui tamen corruptis iudicibus et indignantibus (vel ridentibus) omnibus absolutus est.
*58 a.C.n. [[Praetor]]&lt;ref&gt;''[[Epistulae ad Quintum fratrem|Ad Quintum fratrem]]'' I.2.16&lt;/ref&gt; opem Ciceroni  adversus Clodium ferre frustra conabatur.
*51 a.C.n. [[Quindecimviri Sacris Faciundis|Quindecimviratum sacris faciundis]]  petebat sed contra spem omnium [[Publius Cornelius Dolabella (consul 44 a.C.n.)|Publius Dolabella]] ei praelatus est&lt;ref&gt;[[Cicero|Cic]]., ''Ad fam''. VIII.4&lt;/ref&gt;.
*49 a.C.n. Consul factus cum bellum civile incipiebat, a Caesare in ''Commentariis'' accusatur quod  eos qui conditiones pacis proponere cupiebant in senatoriis deliberationibus mensis Ianuarii conviciis minisque a sententiis suis deterruerit&lt;ref&gt;[[De bello civili|BC]] I,2.
 Cf [[Plutarchus|Plutarchum]], ''Caes''. 30-31.&lt;/ref&gt;.

==Quid in bello civili gesserit==
Mense Ianuario 49 a.C.n. simul cum Pompeio et collega in [[Campania (Italia)|Campaniam]] Caesarianas legiones in Italiam inrumpentes effugit, antequam vere ineunte  e [[Brundisium|Brundisio]] in [[Epirus (regio historica)|Epirum]] cum plerisque senatoribus et magistratibus traiceret. Eo anno nomen Lentuli cum nomine collegae Marcelli (LENT MAR COS) in quattuor variis [[Denarius|denariis]]&lt;ref&gt; Ernest Babelon, ''[https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9738857c.texteImage Description historique et chronologique des monnaies de la République romaine]'', 1885 : Claudia 7-10 = Cornelia 64-68 et Neria 1.  Crawford, ''Roman Republican coinage'', 441/1 et 445/1-3.&lt;/ref&gt; legitur, quorum primus in Sicilia percussus saepe dicitur&lt;ref&gt;Typi sunt : Caput alatum [[Medusa|Medusae]] in [[Trisceles|triscelio]] positum, adpositis tribus spicis frumenti / Iuppiter stans fulmen et aquilam tenens. [[Trisceles|Triskelion]] tribus cruribus constat quod ad cognomen Lentuli alludere videtur. [https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/C_2002-0102-4417 Nummus in Museo Britannico]&lt;/ref&gt; (nam [[trisceles]] insigne Siciliae erat), ubi fortasse consules brevi morati sunt&lt;ref&gt;Non necessario : nam Sicilia fortasse tantum ad gloriosa facta maiorum Marcelli referri potest, in primis ad illum [[Marcus Claudius Marcellus|Marcellum]] qui [[Syracusae|Syracusas]] [[Secundum bellum Punicum|secundo bello Punico]] cepit, et triskelion ad cognomen Lentuli (Crus) adludere liquet (''skêlos'' = crus)&lt;/ref&gt; antequam in Epirum traicerent. Tres reliqui in Graecia vel in Asia cusi sunt&lt;ref&gt;Typi hi erant : Caput [[Saturnus (deus)|Saturni]] / Aquila inter duo militaria signa (per quaestorem Cnaeum Nerium). [https://lesdioscures.com/1421ne-denier-neria/ Nummus apud dioscures.com.] - Apollo / Iuppiter stans aquilam et fulmen tenens, altare et stella. [https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/C_2002-0102-4419 Nummus in Museo Britannico] - Iovis Pluvii [[herma]] / Statua [[Diana|Dianae]] [[Ephesus|Ephesiae]] [https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/C_R-8853 Nummus in Museo Britannico]&lt;/ref&gt; : etenim Pompeius consules in hanc provinciam miserat ad pecuniam militesque legendos (Lentulus Crus duas legiones ibi legit&lt;ref&gt;[[De bello civili|BC]] III.4. [[Flavius Iosephus]] decretum Lentuli nobis servavit per quod rogante summo sacerdote Hyrcano [[Iudaei|Iudaeos]] [[Ephesus|Ephesios]] a militia immunes faciebat (''[[Antiquitates Iudaicae|Ant. Iud]]''. XIV.225-227) &lt;/ref&gt;).  Nec Pompeiani [[Thessalonica|Thessalonicae]] hiemantes ad annum [[48 a.C.n.]] novos consules designarunt : Lentulus titulo mutato ([[proconsul]], non iam consul dicebatur) eodem munere quo priore anno fungebatur, sed vera potentia penes Pompeium omnis erat&lt;ref&gt;[[Dio Cassius]] 41.43&lt;/ref&gt;. Quamquam a Caesare temptatus incorruptus remansit&lt;ref&gt;[[Velleius Paterculus]] II,51. Léonie Hayne (1996).&lt;/ref&gt;. [[Proelium Pharsalicum|Pharsaliae pugnae]] interfuit et post cladem Pompeium in fuga secutus est. A [[Rhodus|Rhodiis]] prohibitus ne insulam eorum adiret in [[Aegyptus antiqua|Aegyptum]] pervenit ubi paulo post imperatorem suum trucidatus est&lt;ref&gt;[[De bello civili|BC]] III.104. [[Plutarchus]], ''Pompeius'' 80.&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Notae ==
&lt;div class=&quot;references-small&quot;&gt;&lt;references /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
==Fontes==
* [[Caesar]] libro primo ''[[De bello civili|De Bello civili]]'' capitulis 1-5 necnon libro tertio capitulis 4, 96, 102, 104.
*[[Flavius Iosephus]], libro quarto decimo ''[[Antiquitates Iudaicae|Antiquitatum Iudaicarum]]'' 228-232
*[[Plutarchus]], ''[[Vita Iulii Caesaris (Plutarchus)|Caesar]]'' 30-31 et 34-35.
** ''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Pompeius]]'' 59, 73, 80.
* [[Velleius Paterculus]], libro secundo ''[[Historiae (Velleius)|Historiae Romanae]]'' capitulo 51.

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Léonie Hayne,  'Caesar and Lentulus Crus', ''Acta Classica'' 1996(39) : 72-76. [http://www.jstor.org/stable/24594581?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents]

== Nexus externi ==
*[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG177558 Nummi Lentuli Cruris] in Museo Britannico

{{Index consulum rei publicae|
praedecessores=[[Lucius Aemilius Lepidus Paullus]] et [[Gaius Claudius Marcellus (consul 50 a.C.n.)|Gaius Claudius Marcellus]]|
annus= 49 a.C.n.&lt;br /&gt;cum&lt;br /&gt;[[Gaius Claudius Marcellus (consul 49 a.C.n.)|Gaio Claudio Marcello]]|
successores= [[Gaius Iulius Caesar]] II, [[Publius Servilius Isauricus]] I}} 

{{Lifetime|saeculo 2 aut 1 a.C.n.|48 a.C.n.|Cornelius Lentulus Crus, Lucius}}
[[Categoria:Consules]]
[[Categoria:Gens Cornelia|Lentulus Crus, Lucius]]
[[Categoria:Necati]]
[[Categoria:Victimae Belli Civilis (49-45 a.C.n.)]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Herma</title>
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      <comment>de Herma Nefertiti</comment>
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      <text bytes="5457" sha1="3uf10mzeexzf6zimln3uezk61qa95jt" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Herma Demosthenes Glyptothek Munich 292.jpg|thumb|Herma [[Demosthenes|Demosthenis]] in [[Forum antiquum Athenarum|Agora Atheniensi]], opus Polyeucti, circa [[280 a.C.n.]], in [[Glyptotheca]]&lt;!--Glyptothek--&gt; [[Monacum|Monaci]].]]
'''Herma,''' sive '''hermes'''&lt;ref&gt;De quibus [[Marcus Tullius Cicero|Cic.]] ''[[De legibus (Cicero)|Leg.]]'' 2.26.65; ''[[Epistulae ad Atticum|Att.]]'' 1.8.2; 1.9.1; [[Decimus Iunius Iuvenalis|Iuv.]] ''[[Saturae (Iuvenalis)|Sat.]]'' 8.53; [[Maurus Servius Honoratus|Serv.]] ''Verg. Aen.'' 8. 138 &quot;unde etiam hermas vocamus quasdam sudes in modum signorum sine manibus&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Graece]] ἑρμῆς, pl. ἑρμαῖ&lt;ref&gt;Anatole Bailly, ''Abrégé du dictionnaire Grec-Français'' (Lutetiae: Hachette, 1901), [https://fr.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Page:Bailly_-_Dictionnaire_Grec-Fran%C3%A7ais.djvu/367&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1 p. 361].&lt;/ref&gt;), est [[statua]] [[lapis|lapidea]] cui est effigies [[caput|capitis]] et usitate [[truncus|trunci]] [[homo|humani]] in plana plerumque [[quadratum|quadrata]] [[columna]] positi, in qua [[systema reproductionis|genitalia maria]] [[altitudo|altitudine]] propria [[sculptura|sculpi]] possunt.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Hermas vero appellari statuas illas, quae ex quadrato aut [[pyramis|pyramidato lapide]] fiebant, et superne in [[facies|faciem]] humanam definebant, notum est: quoniam hoc habitu [[Mercurius]], [[Hermes]] dictus, saepissime effingebatur&quot; (Klotzius 1765: 2–3).&lt;/ref&gt; Quod [[genus (ars)|genus artis]], in [[Graecia antiqua]] ortum atque a [[Romani]]s ascitum, [[Renascentia|aevo renascentiae]] ut [[figura terminalis|figurae terminales]] [[atlas (architectura)|atlantesque]] redintegratum est.

[[Memoria]]e traditum est [[Athenae|Athenis]] permultas fuisse hermas in locis publicis et ante aedes privatas positas. Olim, ut ferunt, una [[nox|nocte]] omnes hermae qui in urbe erant Athenis, deiecti sunt praeter unum.&lt;ref&gt;[[Cornelius Nepos|Nep.]] ''Alcibiades'' 3. [[Andocides]], ''De Mysteriis'' 34-70. [[Plutarchus]], ''[[Vita Alcibiadis (Plutarchus)|Vita Alcibiadis]]'' 21.&lt;/ref&gt; Huius [[scelus|sceleris]] crimen vulgo [[Alcibiades|Alcibiadi]] eiusque asseculis allatum est.

== Pinacotheca ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Fasciculus:Nofretete Neues Museum.jpg|[[Herma Nefertiti]]
Fasciculus:0007MAN-Herma.jpg|Herma Graeca archaica, ut videtur [[Hermes|Hermis ipsius]], inusitata quia [[penis]] superest.
Fasciculus :Rustic sanctuary Louvre CA2935.jpg|Herma in [[lekythos|lekytho]] [[Attica|Attico]] figurarum rubrarum, [[475 a.C.n.|475]]–[[450 a.C.n.]]
Fasciculus :Philosopher2.JPG|Hermaica [[senex|senis]] [[sculptura]], fortasse [[Ai Khanoum]]. [[Afghania]], [[saeculum 2 a.C.n.|saeculo secundo a.C.n.]]
Fasciculus :Duble herma of Socrates and Seneca Antikensammlung Berlin 01.jpg|Duplex herma vel [[protome]] [[Lucius Annaeus Seneca minor|Senecae minoris]] et [[Socrates|Socratis]].
Fasciculus:Istanbul - Museo archeol. - Erme - Sec. III-I a.C. - Foto G. Dall'Orto 28-5-2006.jpg|Parva herma [[terracotta]] [[Hermes|Hermis]].
Fasciculus :Anvers Maison Rubens.JPG|Hermae [[mas|mares]] et [[femina (sexus)|feminae]] [[barocus|barocae]]. Nunc in [[Domus Rubensiana|Domo Rubensiana]]&lt;!--Rubenshuis--&gt; [[Antverpia]]e.
Fasciculus :Hermy na kamienicy w Iławie.jpg|Hermae [[genus florale|generis floralis]] vel [[architectura renovationis barocae|architecturae neobarocae]] in [[Polonia]].
&lt;/gallery&gt;

{{NexInt}}
* [[Atlas (architectura)|Atlas]]
* [[Caryatis]]
* [[Linga]]&lt;!--(Sanscritice, ergo Theodisce); lingam (Anglice, Francice, Hispanice)--&gt;
* [[Phallus]]
* [[Protome]]&lt;!--?Anglice 'bust', Hispanice 'busto'; Francice 'buste (sculpture)'--&gt;
* [[Sculptura architecturalis]]
* [[Sheela na gig]] 
* [[Telamon]]

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
* Klotzius, Christophorus Adolphus. [[1765]]. ''Acta Litteraria.'' Altenburgi: Officina Richteria, pp. 2–3.
* Lullies, Reinhard. [[1931]]. ''Die Typen der griechischen Herme.'' Dissertatio in Universitate Kaliningradi. Kaliningradi: Gräfe &amp; Unzer.
* Rückert, Birgit. [[1998]]. ''Die Herme im öffentlichen und privaten Leben der Griechen: Untersuchungen zur Funktion der griechischen Herme als Grenzmal, Inschriftenträger und Kultbild des Hermes.'' Regensburgi: Roderer. ISBN 3-89073-283-6. Dissertatio in Universitate Tubingensi, 1992.
* Wrede, Henning. [[1986]]. ''Die antike Herme.'' Moguntiaci: Verlag von Zabern. ISBN 3-8053-0866-3.

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Hermai|hermas}}&lt;!--
{{Wikisource1911Enc|Hermae}}--&gt;
* [http://www.theoi.com/Gallery/K11.12.html Ancient Greek Art: Herm Statue.] Propositum Theoi.
* [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/263092/herm Herm (Greek religion).] ''Encyclopaedia Britannica Interretialis.''
* [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0063:entry=hermae-cn Hermae.] ''A Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities'' (1890).] Propositum Perseanum.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090511001438/http://neoherm.googlepages.com/ Hermae glaciales.]
* [http://www.sacred-texts.com/sex/ipi/ipi06.htm &quot;Influence of the Phallic Idea: Hermae, Termini, Pillars and 'Groves.'&quot;] ''Sacred Texts.''

[[Categoria:Architectura classica]]
[[Categoria:Columnae et intabulatura]]
[[Categoria:Elementa architecturae]]
[[Categoria:Historia architecturae]]
[[Categoria:Ornamenta (architectura)]]
[[Categoria:Religio Graeca]]
[[Categoria:Sculptura]]
[[Categoria:Architectura Graeca antiqua]]
[[Categoria:Architectura antiqua Romana]]
[[Categoria:Ars Graeca]]</text>
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    <title>Petrus Codicillus</title>
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      <text bytes="2056" sha1="i1zxvo3rwndez22j1th9ap4jmdgip83" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidata}}
'''Petrus Codicillus''' ([[Bohemice]] ''Petr Knížka z Tulechova''&lt;ref&gt;'' Knížka'' est ''libellus'' vel ''codicillus'', ''z Tulechova'' — ''de Tulechov''.&lt;/ref&gt;, die 24 Februarii anni 1533 natus et die 29 Novembris anni 1589 [[Praga]]e mortuus, [[humanista]] Bohemicus fuit. 

==Vita et opera==

A [[Melanchthon]]e educatus, in [[Universitas Carolina Pragensis|Universitate Carolina Pragensi]] docuit. Octies rector huius universitatis electus est. Carmina Latina componebat (epithalamia, epicedia, elegiae edita sunt). [[Antigone (Sophocles)|''Antigonam'']] [[Sophocles|Sophoclis]] Latine vertit. ''Ordinem studiorum docendi atque discendi litteras in scholis civitatum regni Bohemiae'' anno 1586 edidit et Lexicon Latino-Bohemo-Theodiscum anno 1560. Cum e calendariis, quas quotannis  ederet, anno 1585 [[Iohannes Hus|Iohannis Hussii]] et  [[Hieronymus Pragensis|Hieronymi Pragensis]] festa exemit, populi iram metuens e Praga fugit et solum cum dies eorum in libris anno 1588 editis restituisset, reverti potuit.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

==Bibliographia==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20181227040747/https://www.hvezdarna-fp.eu/products/codicillus-z-tulechova-petr/ De Petro Codicillo] {{ling|Bohemice}}

==Nexus externi ==
* [https://reader.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb11344129_00001.html Vocabularium trilingue a Codicillo compositum]
* [https://books.google.ru/books?id=cNZdAAAAcAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false ''Antigonae'' versio a Codicillo facta]
* [http://www.bibliotekacyfrowa.pl/dlibra/publication/37183/edition/38771/content?ref=desc Epithaphia Petro Codicillo collecta] 
* [http://www.worldcat.org/identities/viaf-22955368/ Opera Petri Codicilli in ''WorldCat'']
* [https://data.cerl.org/thesaurus/cnp01879907 Petrus Codicillus in ''CERL Thesaurus]

{{Lifetime|1533|1589|Petrus Codicillus}}

[[Categoria:Interpretes Graeco-Latini]]
[[Categoria:Auctores Bohemici]]
[[Categoria:Poetae Latini Cechiae]]
[[Categoria:Auctores Latini Renascentiae]]</text>
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    <title>Rasio</title>
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      <text bytes="3151" sha1="16j3cw4l0o0mx0qog2z996ouc2hmpkk" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Daubigny. Landscape.jpg|thumb|[[Carolus Franiscus Daubigny]], ''Plagae'', 1850]]
'''Rasio'''&lt;ref&gt;Cf. Christian Helfer: ''Lexicon auxiliare'', tertia editio, Saraviponte 1991, p. 442&lt;/ref&gt; (Francogallice: ''eau-forte'') ars quaedam est [[Chalcographia|chalcographica]] caustice effecta. Hodie ars etiam pro creatione [[PCB]] utetur.

==Historia==
Rasiones saeculo XVII, praesertim in [[Batavia]] ([[Rembrandus]], [[Hadrianus van Ostade]], [[Iacobus van Ruisdael]]) et in [[Francia]] ([[Iacobus Callot]], [[Claudius Lorrain]]), saeculo autem XVIII in [[Anglia]] fiebant. Saeculo XIX momentum rursus crescebat quando pictorum rasores libenter fabricabantur. In Germania hac arte excellebant Menzel, Unger, Klinger, Mannfeld, Halm, J. L. Raab et [[Doris Raab]], Hecht, Köpping, [[Iustus Krauskopf]], [[Carolus Ernestus Forberg]].

==Notae==
&lt;references/&gt;
== Bibliographia==

* Wolfgang Autenrieth: ''Neue und alte Techniken der Radierung und Edeldruckverfahren. Vom Hexenmehl und Drachenblut zur Fotopolymerschicht. Tipps, Tricks, Anleitungen und Rezepte aus fünf Jahrhunderten – Ein alchemistisches Werkstattbuch'' Editio sexta, Krauchenwies 2010, ISBN 978-3-9821765-0-5 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20191109152628/https://wp.radiertechniken.de/2011_1_5_inhalt.pdf Excerpta])
* Stanley William Hayter: ''New Ways of Gravure''. Watson-Guptill, Neoeboraci 1981 / Oxford University Press, Londinii 1966 / Pantheon, Neoeboraci, 1949
* Felix Hollenberg: ''Handbuch für Malerradierer – Das Radieren, die Ätzkunst, der Kupferdruck''. Deutscher Kunstverlag, München-Berolini 2008, ISBN 978-3-422-02148-8
* Henner Kätelhön: ''Die Radierung – Erfahrungen einer Kupferdruckerei''. Steintor Verlag, [[Lacus Moenensis (commune)|Lacu Moenensi]] 1996, ISBN 3-00-003982-1
* Walter Koschatzky: ''Die Kunst der Graphik''. DTV, Monaci 1985, ISBN 3-423-02868-8
* Ales Krejca: ''Die Techniken der graphischen Kunst''. Artia-Verlag, Pragae 1980, (Verlag Werner Dausien, Hannoviae), ISBN 3-7684-1071-4
* Lothar Lang: ''Der Graphiksammler''. Henschelverlag Kunst und Gesellschaft, Berolini 1983, ISBN 3-7762-0395-1
* Jens Rusch: ''Lehrheft: Farbradierung''. Deich-Verlag, Wewelsfleth 2010, ISBN 978-3-942074-01-8
* Volker Steinbacher: ''Workshop Radierung, Gravieren, Drucken, Kolorieren''. Englisch-Verlag, Aquis Mattiacis 2006, ISBN 3-8241-1337-6 
* Henrike Junge: ''Wohlfeile Kunst. Die Verbreitung von Künstlergraphik seit 1870 und die Griffelkunst-Vereinigung Hamburg-Langenhorn'', Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Mogontiaci 1989, ISBN 3-8053-1060-9

== Nexus externi==
{{Commons|Etchings|rasiones}}
* [https://www.autenrieths.de/radiertechniken.html Nexus ad technicas rasorias et impressorias speciales] 
* [https://wp.radiertechniken.de/ Liber laboratorii] 
* [http://www.virtuelles-kupferstichkabinett.de/ Pinacotheca chalcographica (Brunsvici/Guelpherbyti)] {{Nexus deficit|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.jens-rusch.de/index.php/Strich%C3%A4tzung Invitatio ad technicam ipsam]{{Nexus deficitur|date=November 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 

{{ars-stipula}}
[[categoria:Genera artis]]</text>
      <sha1>16j3cw4l0o0mx0qog2z996ouc2hmpkk</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Suntar Chaiata</title>
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      <text bytes="1942" sha1="e16rgfc1ludfqtk8ts4yyf06qxewz8k" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:The Nothern massif of Suntar-Khayata, NE Siberia.jpg|thumb|Montium Suntar Chaiata aerophothographema]]
'''Suntar Chaiata'''&lt;ref&gt;{{ZK|Сунтар Хаята}}&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Russice]] ''Сунтар-Хаята'', [[Iacutice]] ''Сунтаар Хайата'', i.e. '''Montes Suntaris'''&lt;ref&gt;Ubi &quot;Suntar&quot; est nomen proprium feminae [[samanus|samanae]] fabulosae.&lt;/ref&gt;) sunt montes in [[Iacutia]] et in [[Territorium Fortunianum|territorio Fortuniano]] [[Russia]]e. [[Planities montana Iano-Oimiakonica]] ab oriente, [[planities montana Kolymensis]] ab oriente et septentrio-oriente et [[iugum Iudomense]] (ubi [[Iudoma]] fluvius oritur) a meridie ad Suntar Chaiata adiacent. ''[[Mus Chaia]]'' mοns iugi altissimus (2959 m) est. [[Beryllium (mons)|Beryllium]] mons secunda ab altissima iugi et altissima [[Territorium Fortunianum|territorii Fortuniani]] est (2933 m). 

[[Fasciculus:Suntarhayata.jpg|thumb|In montibus Suntar Chaiata (districtus Tomponensis Iacutiae)]]
[[Granitum (lapis)|Granitis]] et [[saxum igneum|saxis effusivis]] montium plures compositi sunt. [[Taiga]] [[larix|laricina]] rara et [[tundra]] montana [[glaciarium|glaciariaque]] permulta montes operiunt. Sunt in Suntar Haiata glaciaria genere ''[[taryn]]'': cum aqua fluviorum vel [[aqua tellurica|tellurica]] et desuper glacie superna et subter [[congelatio aeterna|congelatione aeterna]] simul crescentibus premitur, in superficiem enititur et super glacie prima diffundens iterum congelatur et glaciarium secundarium format, quod ''taryn'' [[Iacutice]] nominatur.

Suntar Chaiata est [[divortium aquarum]] trinum vel quaternum; nam accolae [[Aldanus|Aldani]] ibi oriuntur, et [[Kolyma]]e fontes in his montibus sunt, et [[Indigirca]]e, et in [[mare Ochotense]] aliquot flumina vertunt, sicut [[Ochota]].

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

==Nexus externi==
{{fontes geographici}}

[[Categoria:Montes Russiae]]
[[Categoria:Iacutia]]
[[Categoria:Territorium Fortunianum]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Amga</title>
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      <text bytes="1340" sha1="2e57tphlfdl22ouyja3pv0f8t35jwiv" xml:space="preserve">{{flumen| Amga|[[Fasciculus:Amga River near Verkhnyaya Amga.jpg|thumb|350px|Amga prope vicum Amgam Superiorem (''Verchniaia Amga'')]]| 1462| | 178 | 69 300  | [[planities montana Aldanica]] | [[Aldanus]] | [[Iacutia]]}}
'''Amga'''&lt;ref&gt;[[Ioannes Georgius Gmelin]], [https://books.google.ru/books?lr=&amp;hl=fr&amp;as_brr=4&amp;id=ze_UT_R6dlEC&amp;q=amgam#v=snippet&amp;q=amgam&amp;f=false ''Flora Sibirica'', vol. I, pp. XLVI, 73, 118, 157]./&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Russice]] ''Амга'', [[Iacutice]] ''Амма''&lt;ref&gt;De vocabulo Iacutico [[Vorago|angustias]] significante.&lt;/ref&gt;), flumen est in re publica [[Iacutia]] [[Russia]]e. In [[planities montana Aldanica|planitie montana Aldanica]] oritur, per quam in valle profunda fluit; de hac valle nomen accepit. Circa 1462 chiliometra patet. In [[Aldanus|Aldanum]], cui accola est longissimus, effunditur. [[eluvio verna|Eluvionibus vernis]] usque ad 7 [[metrum|m]] Amgae undae tolluntur. In fluxu inferiore [[navigatio|navigabilis]] est.

''Tiogulte Tiordio'' et ''Amga Superior'' (''Verchniaia Amga'') sunt vici ad Amgam siti. 

== Nota ==
&lt;references/&gt;

==Nexus externi==
{{fontes geographici}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160305022437/http://textual.ru/gvr/index.php?card=248811 Amga] in ''Registro nationali aquarum''

[[Categoria:Flumina Russiae Asiaticae]]
[[Categoria:Iacutia]]
[[Categoria:Systema Lenae fluminis]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Sagittarius A*</title>
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      <text bytes="11420" sha1="5c7mylx1sklro5q95wyaytsz4sscy24" xml:space="preserve">{{Cave ne confundas|Sagittarius A}}
[[Fasciculus:EHT Sagittarius A black hole.tif|thumb|upright=1|Sagittarius A*, anno [[2017]] [[telescopium|telescopio]] ''{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Horizon Eventuum (telescopium)|Horizonte Eventuum|en|qid=Q3944788}}'' observatus.]]
[[Fasciculus:SgrA2018.gif|thumb|upright=0.8|Tempus hac pellicula ostentum est 20 annorum. In parte media latet Sagittarius A*, cuius debiles deflagrationes, disperse, videri possunt. Notabiles sunt [[orbita]]e [[stella]]rum, quae circa [[vacuum]] moveri videntur.]]
[[Fasciculus:RA offset from Sgr A*.gif|thumb|upright=0.8|Centrum galacticum [[Via lactea|Viae lactae]] (immobilis, in media parte, Sagittarius A* iacet).]]
[[Fasciculus:Keck-UCLA_Galactic_Center_Group_Sagittarius_A*_2022.gif|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Orbita]]e stellarum quae circum Sagittarius A* moventur (clicca si imago patescat stativa).]]
[[Fasciculus:Comparison of the size of Sgr* A and the Sun.png|thumb|upright=0.8|Comparatio magnitudinis Sagittarii A* et [[systema solare|systematis solaris]].]]

{{res|Sagittarius A*}} (''sagittarius-a-stella'' articulandus) vel, forma compendiaria, '''Sgr A*''', est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|foramen nigrum supermassivum||en|qid=Q40392}} (~&amp;nbsp;{{Massae astronomicae|{{Num|4 300 000}}|Sol}}, ~&amp;nbsp;{{Radii astronomici|{{Num|18}}|Sol}}) in [[centrum galacticum|media]] [[Via Lactea]] situm. Invenitur apud [[fines]] [[constellatio]]num [[Sagittarius (constellatio)|Sagittarii]] et [[Scorpius (constellatio)|Scorpii]], circa 5.6° [[meridies|australius]] quam [[linea ecliptica]], prope [[cumulus stellarum|cumulum]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Papilio (cumulus stellarum)|Papilionis|en|qid=Q11225}} (M6) et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Lambda Scorpii||en|qid=Q78603928}}. A [[Tellus|Tellure]] fere {{Num|27000}} [[annus luce mensus|annorum luce mensorum]] distat.

Corpus rei est [[densitas|densissimus]] et [[lumen|luminosissimus]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|fons radioelectricus astronomicus|fons radioelectricus|en|qid=Q1931185}}, cuius ipsa luminositas fuit causa nominis. Anno quidem [[1954]], quum [[astronomus|astronomi]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Ioannes Daniel Kraus|Ioannes Kraus|en|qid=Q11192918}}, [[Hsien-Ching Ko]], et [[Ioannes Matt]], {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|radiotelescopium|radiotelescopio|en|qid=Q184356}} [[Universitas Civica Ohiensis|Universitatis Civicae Ohiensis]] utentes, aliquos fontes radioelectricos ab eis inventos [[frequentia|frequentiā]] 250 [[hertz|MHz]] auscultavissent et in {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tabula astronomica|tabulam astronomicam|en|qid=Q842617}} notavissent, litteram capitaneam ordine luminositatis decrescente cuique fonti apposuerunt, ubi littera &lt;code&gt;A&lt;/code&gt; fons luminosissimus indicabat.&lt;ref&gt;{{Opus
	| bibcode = 1954AJ.....59..439K
	| cognomen 1 = Kraus
	| nomen 1 = J. D.
	| cognomen 2 = Ko
	| nomen 2 = H. C.
	| cognomen 3 = Matt
	| nomen 3 = S.
	| titulus = Galactic and localized source observations at 250 megacycles per second.
	| contextus = The Astronomical Journal
	| volumen = 59
	| annus = 1954
	| mensis = 12
	| paginae = 439–443
	| doi = 10.1086/107059
	| issn = 0004-6256
	| url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1954AJ.....59..439K
	| salus url = vivit
	| retrospectio = 20220610145454
	| tempus inspectionis = 2022-05-16
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Asteriscus]] (&lt;code&gt;*&lt;/code&gt;) – hodie “stella” articulatus, quasi stellam pingens – fuit appendicula posterior, anno [[1982]] a [[Robertus Lamme Brown|Roberto L. Brown]] addita, quum is tales validissimas emissiones intellexisset ex corpore compacto non thermico oriri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Opus
	| cognomen = Brown
	| nomen = Robertus L.
	| titulus = Precessing Jets in Sagittarius A: Gas Dynamics in the Central Parsec of the Galaxy
	| contextus = The Astrophysical Journal
	| volumen = 262
	| tempus = 1982-11-01
	| paginae = 110–119
	| accessus ad doi = liberus
	| bibcode = 1982ApJ...262..110B
	| doi = 10.1086/160401
}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Ratio asterisci fuit imitatio [[nomenclatura]]e [[chemia|chemicae]], ubi excitatio atomica eodem signo notatur (exempli gratia, status excitatus [[helium|helii]] notatur “{{Eodem versu|He*}}”), quoniam haec quidem inventio etiam putabatur “excitans”.&lt;ref&gt;{{Opus
	| cognomen 1 = Goss
	| nomen 1 = W. M.
	| cognomen 2 = Brown
	| nomen 2 = Robert L.
	| cognomen 3 = Lo
	| nomen 3 = K. Y.
	| titulus = The Discovery of Sgr A*
	| lingua = en
	| contextus = Astronomische Nachrichten
	| volumen = 324
	| fasciculus = S1
	| tempus = 2003-08-08
	| doi = 10.1002/asna.200385047
	| issn = 0004-6337
	| paginae = 497–504
	| url = https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/asna.200385047
	| arxiv = astro-ph/0305074
	| bibcode = 2003ANS...324..497G
	| salus url = vivit
	| retrospectio = 20220803003212
	| tempus inspectionis = May 13, 2022
}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Hodie nomen sine asterisco, [[Sagittarius A]], fontem radioelectricum compositum indicat, in quo '''Sagittarius A Orientalis''', '''Sagittarius A Occidentalis''' et '''Sagittarius A*''' numerantur.

Observatio plurium stellarum circum Sagittarium A* moventium, praecipue stellae {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|S2 (stella)|S2|en|qid=Q1514814}}, [[massa]]m limitemque superiorem [[radius (geometria)|radii]] corporis compacti determinare sivit. Massā radioque magis magisque definitis, astronomi statuere potuerunt Sagittarium A* putandum esse Viae lacteae foramen nigrum supermassivum centrale.&lt;ref name=&quot;Henderson&quot;&gt;{{Opus
	| cognomen = Henderson
	| nomen = Mark
	| titulus = Astronomers confirm black hole at the heart of the Milky Way
	| domus editoria = Times Online
	| tempus = 2009-12-09
	| url = http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/science/article5316001.ece
	| salus url = obiit
	| retrospectio = 20081216235509
	| tempus inspectionis = 2019-06-06
}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Haec massa hodie aestimatur 4.297&amp;nbsp;±&amp;nbsp;0.012 [[millio]]nibus [[massa Solis|massarum solarium]].&lt;ref name=&quot;the-gravity-collaboration&quot;&gt;{{Opus
	| auctor = The GRAVITY collaboration
	| titulus = Polarimetry and astrometry of NIR flares as event horizon scale, dynamical probes for the mass of Sgr A*
	| contextus = Astronomy &amp; Astrophysics
	| volumen = 677
	| annus = 2023
	| mensis = 9
	| paginae = L10
	| doi = 10.1051/0004-6361/202347416
	| url = https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2023/09/aa47416-23/aa47416-23.html
}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Tali massae [[radius Schwarzschildianus]] fere {{Num|12 690 500}} [[chiliometrum|km]], vel {{Radii astronomici|{{Num|18.22}}|Sol}}, vel 0.08 [[Unitas astronomica|UA]] (i.e. paulum plus quam quinta pars [[semiaxis maior]]is orbitae [[Mercurius (planeta)|Mercurii]]), congruit.

Sagittario A* demonstrato corpore supermassivo et compacto, [[Reinhardus Genzel]] et [[Andrea Mia Ghez|Andrea M. Ghez]] [[Praemium Nobelianum physicae]] anno [[2020]] acciperunt.&lt;ref&gt;{{Opus
	| titulus = The Nobel Prize in Physics 2020
	| lingua = en-us
	| tempus = 2020-10-06
	| tempus inspectionis = 2020-10-07
	| url = https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2020/summary/
	| salus url = vivit
	| retrospectio = 20210424115309
}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Illā massā illoque radio sola facies tunc nota erat [[foramen nigrum|foraminis nigri]].

Mense [[Maius|Maii]] [[2022]], astronomi, [[telescopium|telescopio]] ''{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Horizon Eventuum (telescopium)|Horizonte Eventuum|en|qid=Q3944788}}'' utentes (quod est rete mundiale observatoriorum radioelectricorum), primam [[imago|imaginem]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|discus accretionis|disci accretionis|en|qid=Q237604}} circum [[horizon eventuum|horizontem eventuum]] Sagittarii A* ediderunt.&lt;ref name=&quot;AJ-202205&quot;&gt;{{Opus
	| cognomen = Bower
	| nomen = Geoffrey C.
	| titulus = Focus on First Sgr A* Results from the Event Horizon Telescope
	| contextus = The Astrophysical Journal Letters
	| annus = 2022
	| mensis = 5
	| tempus inspectionis = 2022-05-12
	| url = https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/2041-8205/page/Focus_on_First_Sgr_A_Results
	| salus url = vivit
	| retrospectio = 20220719162915
}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Talis imago naturam foramini nigri confirmavit et fuit secunda imago certa unius ex his corporibus post illam foramini nigri supermassivi [[galaxias|galaxiae]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Messier 87||en|qid=Q14041}} anni [[2019]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ESO2208&quot;&gt;{{Opus
	| titulus = Astronomers reveal first image of the black hole at the heart of our galaxy
	| tempus = 2022-05-12
	| domus editoria = European Southern Observatory
	| url = https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso2208-eht-mw/
	| salus url = vivit
	| retrospectio = 20220512130910
	| tempus inspectionis = 2022-05-12
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT-20220512&quot;&gt;{{Opus
	| cognomen = Overbye
	| nomen = Dennis
	| titulus = The Milky Way's Black Hole Comes to Light
	| contextus = The New York Times
	| lingua = en-US
	| tempus = 2022-05-12
	| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/12/science/black-hole-photo.html
	| salus url = obiit
	| issn = 0362-4331
	| retrospectio = 20220512040455
	| tempus inspectionis = 2022-05-12
}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Haud ipsum foramen nigrum in [[photographema]]te videri poterat, sed materies tantum quae id circumdabat. Talis materies ex [[pulvis|pulvere]] et [[gas|gase]] consistit, qui dum in foramen nigrum incidunt millionibus gradibus calefiunt.&lt;ref name=&quot;DetectionOfBlackHoleSrgA&quot;&gt;{{Opus
	| annus = 2018
	| arxiv = 1810.12641
	| bibcode = 2018A&amp;A...618L..10G
	| cognomen 1 = Abuter
	| nomen 1 = R.
	| cognomen 2 = Amorim
	| nomen 2 = A.
	| cognomen 3 = Bauböck
	| nomen 3 = M.
	| cognomen 4 = Berger
	| nomen 4 = J. P.
	| cognomen 5 = Bonnet
	| nomen 5 = H.
	| cognomen 6 = Brandner
	| nomen 6 = W.
	| cognomen 7 = Clénet
	| nomen 7 = Y.
	| cognomen 8 = Coudé Du Foresto
	| nomen 8 = V.
	| cognomen 9 = De Zeeuw
	| nomen 9 = P. T.
	| cognomen 10 = Deen
	| nomen 10 = C.
	| cognomen 11 = Dexter
	| nomen 11 = J.
	| cognomen 12 = Duvert
	| nomen 12 = G.
	| cognomen 13 = Eckart
	| nomen 13 = A.
	| cognomen 14 = Eisenhauer
	| nomen 14 = F.
	| cognomen 15 = Förster Schreiber
	| nomen 15 = N. M.
	| cognomen 16 = Garcia
	| nomen 16 = P.
	| cognomen 17 = Gao
	| nomen 17 = F.
	| cognomen 18 = Gendron
	| nomen 18 = E.
	| cognomen 19 = Genzel
	| nomen 19 = R.
	| cognomen 20 = Gillessen
	| nomen 20 = S.
	| cognomen 21 = Guajardo
	| nomen 21 = P.
	| cognomen 22 = Habibi
	| nomen 22 = M.
	| cognomen 23 = Haubois
	| nomen 23 = X.
	| cognomen 24 = Henning
	| nomen 24 = T.
	| cognomen 25 = Hippler
	| nomen 25 = S.
	| cognomen 26 = Horrobin
	| nomen 26 = M.
	| cognomen 27 = Huber
	| nomen 27 = A.
	| cognomen 28 = Jiménez Rosales
	| nomen 28 = A.
	| cognomen 29 = Jocou
	| nomen 29 = L.
	| cognomen 30 = Kervella
	| nomen 30 = P.
	| titulus = Detection of orbital motions near the last stable circular orbit of the massive black hole SgrA
	| contextus = Astronomy &amp; Astrophysics
	| doi = 10.1051/0004-6361/201834294
	| paginae = L10
	| s2cid = 53613305
	| volumen = 618
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{NexInt}}
* [[Foramen nigrum]]
* [[Punctulum rubrum (galaxiarum genus)]]
* [[Radius Schwarzschildianus]]
* [[Sagittarius A]]
* [[Stella degener]]
* [[Theoria relativitatis generalis]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Sagittarius A*|Sagittarium A*}}
{{Caelum|17|45|40.0409|-|29|0|28.118}}

[[Categoria:Foramina nigra]]
[[Categoria:Sagittarius (constellatio)]]
{{Myrias|Physica}}</text>
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      <text bytes="11412" sha1="n911vgxn7xopzc80vj4mceqlembq1h1" xml:space="preserve">{{Cave ne confundas|Sagittarius A}}
[[Fasciculus:EHT Sagittarius A black hole.tif|thumb|upright=1|Sagittarius A*, anno [[2017]] [[telescopium|telescopio]] ''{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Horizon Eventuum (telescopium)|Horizonte Eventuum|en|qid=Q3944788}}'' observatus.]]
[[Fasciculus:SgrA2018.gif|thumb|upright=0.8|Tempus hac pellicula ostentum est 20 annorum. In parte media latet Sagittarius A*, cuius debiles deflagrationes, disperse, videri possunt. Notabiles sunt [[orbita]]e [[stella]]rum, quae circa [[vacuum]] moveri videntur.]]
[[Fasciculus:RA offset from Sgr A*.gif|thumb|upright=0.8|Centrum galacticum [[Via lactea|Viae lactae]] (immobilis, in media parte, Sagittarius A* iacet).]]
[[Fasciculus:Keck-UCLA_Galactic_Center_Group_Sagittarius_A*_2022.gif|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Orbita]]e stellarum quae circum Sagittarius A* moventur (clicca si imago patescat stativa).]]
[[Fasciculus:Comparison of the size of Sgr* A and the Sun.png|thumb|upright=0.8|Comparatio magnitudinis Sagittarii A* et [[systema solare|systematis solaris]].]]

{{res|Sagittarius A*}} (''sagittarius-a-stella'' articulandus) vel, forma compendiaria, '''Sgr A*''', est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|foramen nigrum supermassivum||en|qid=Q40392}} (~&amp;nbsp;{{Massae astronomicae|{{Num|4 300 000}}|Sol}}, ~&amp;nbsp;{{Radii astronomici|{{Num|18}}|Sol}}) in [[centrum galacticum|media]] [[Via Lactea]] situm. Invenitur apud [[fines]] [[constellatio]]num [[Sagittarius (constellatio)|Sagittarii]] et [[Scorpius (constellatio)|Scorpii]], circa 5.6° [[meridies|australius]] quam [[linea ecliptica]], prope [[cumulus stellarum|cumulum]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Papilio (cumulus stellarum)|Papilionis|en|qid=Q11225}} (M6) et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Lambda Scorpii||en|qid=Q78603928}}. A [[Tellus|Tellure]] fere {{Num|27000}} [[annus luce mensus|annos luce mensos]] distat.

Corpus est [[densitas|densissimus]] et [[lumen|luminosissimus]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|fons radioelectricus astronomicus|fons radioelectricus|en|qid=Q1931185}}, cuius ipsa luminositas fuit causa nominis. Anno quidem [[1954]], quum [[astronomus|astronomi]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Ioannes Daniel Kraus|Ioannes Kraus|en|qid=Q11192918}}, [[Hsien-Ching Ko]], et [[Ioannes Matt]], {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|radiotelescopium|radiotelescopio|en|qid=Q184356}} [[Universitas Civica Ohiensis|Universitatis Civicae Ohiensis]] utentes, aliquos fontes radioelectricos ab eis inventos [[frequentia|frequentiā]] 250 [[hertz|MHz]] auscultavissent et in {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tabula astronomica|tabulam astronomicam|en|qid=Q842617}} notavissent, litteram capitaneam ordine luminositatis decrescente cuique fonti apposuerunt, ubi littera &lt;code&gt;A&lt;/code&gt; fons luminosissimus indicabat.&lt;ref&gt;{{Opus
	| bibcode = 1954AJ.....59..439K
	| cognomen 1 = Kraus
	| nomen 1 = J. D.
	| cognomen 2 = Ko
	| nomen 2 = H. C.
	| cognomen 3 = Matt
	| nomen 3 = S.
	| titulus = Galactic and localized source observations at 250 megacycles per second.
	| contextus = The Astronomical Journal
	| volumen = 59
	| annus = 1954
	| mensis = 12
	| paginae = 439–443
	| doi = 10.1086/107059
	| issn = 0004-6256
	| url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1954AJ.....59..439K
	| salus url = vivit
	| retrospectio = 20220610145454
	| tempus inspectionis = 2022-05-16
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Asteriscus]] (&lt;code&gt;*&lt;/code&gt;) – hodie “stella” articulatus, quasi stellam pingens – fuit appendicula posterior, anno [[1982]] a [[Robertus Lamme Brown|Roberto L. Brown]] addita, quum is tales validissimas emissiones intellexisset ex corpore compacto non thermico oriri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Opus
	| cognomen = Brown
	| nomen = Robertus L.
	| titulus = Precessing Jets in Sagittarius A: Gas Dynamics in the Central Parsec of the Galaxy
	| contextus = The Astrophysical Journal
	| volumen = 262
	| tempus = 1982-11-01
	| paginae = 110–119
	| accessus ad doi = liberus
	| bibcode = 1982ApJ...262..110B
	| doi = 10.1086/160401
}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Ratio asterisci fuit imitatio [[nomenclatura]]e [[chemia|chemicae]], ubi excitatio atomica eodem signo notatur (exempli gratia, status excitatus [[helium|helii]] notatur “{{Eodem versu|He*}}”), quoniam haec quidem inventio etiam putabatur “excitans”.&lt;ref&gt;{{Opus
	| cognomen 1 = Goss
	| nomen 1 = W. M.
	| cognomen 2 = Brown
	| nomen 2 = Robert L.
	| cognomen 3 = Lo
	| nomen 3 = K. Y.
	| titulus = The Discovery of Sgr A*
	| lingua = en
	| contextus = Astronomische Nachrichten
	| volumen = 324
	| fasciculus = S1
	| tempus = 2003-08-08
	| doi = 10.1002/asna.200385047
	| issn = 0004-6337
	| paginae = 497–504
	| url = https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/asna.200385047
	| arxiv = astro-ph/0305074
	| bibcode = 2003ANS...324..497G
	| salus url = vivit
	| retrospectio = 20220803003212
	| tempus inspectionis = May 13, 2022
}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Hodie nomen sine asterisco, [[Sagittarius A]], fontem radioelectricum compositum indicat, in quo '''Sagittarius A Orientalis''', '''Sagittarius A Occidentalis''' et '''Sagittarius A*''' numerantur.

Observatio plurium stellarum circum Sagittarium A* moventium, praecipue stellae {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|S2 (stella)|S2|en|qid=Q1514814}}, [[massa]]m limitemque superiorem [[radius (geometria)|radii]] corporis compacti determinare sivit. Massā radioque magis magisque definitis, astronomi statuere potuerunt Sagittarium A* putandum esse Viae lacteae foramen nigrum supermassivum centrale.&lt;ref name=&quot;Henderson&quot;&gt;{{Opus
	| cognomen = Henderson
	| nomen = Mark
	| titulus = Astronomers confirm black hole at the heart of the Milky Way
	| domus editoria = Times Online
	| tempus = 2009-12-09
	| url = http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/science/article5316001.ece
	| salus url = obiit
	| retrospectio = 20081216235509
	| tempus inspectionis = 2019-06-06
}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Haec massa hodie aestimatur 4.297&amp;nbsp;±&amp;nbsp;0.012 [[millio]]nibus [[massa Solis|massarum solarium]].&lt;ref name=&quot;the-gravity-collaboration&quot;&gt;{{Opus
	| auctor = The GRAVITY collaboration
	| titulus = Polarimetry and astrometry of NIR flares as event horizon scale, dynamical probes for the mass of Sgr A*
	| contextus = Astronomy &amp; Astrophysics
	| volumen = 677
	| annus = 2023
	| mensis = 9
	| paginae = L10
	| doi = 10.1051/0004-6361/202347416
	| url = https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2023/09/aa47416-23/aa47416-23.html
}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Tali massae [[radius Schwarzschildianus]] fere {{Num|12 690 500}} [[chiliometrum|km]], vel {{Radii astronomici|{{Num|18.22}}|Sol}}, vel 0.08 [[Unitas astronomica|UA]] (i.e. paulum plus quam quinta pars [[semiaxis maior]]is orbitae [[Mercurius (planeta)|Mercurii]]), congruit.

Sagittario A* demonstrato corpore supermassivo et compacto, [[Reinhardus Genzel]] et [[Andrea Mia Ghez|Andrea M. Ghez]] [[Praemium Nobelianum physicae]] anno [[2020]] acciperunt.&lt;ref&gt;{{Opus
	| titulus = The Nobel Prize in Physics 2020
	| lingua = en-us
	| tempus = 2020-10-06
	| tempus inspectionis = 2020-10-07
	| url = https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2020/summary/
	| salus url = vivit
	| retrospectio = 20210424115309
}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Illā massā illoque radio sola facies tunc nota erat [[foramen nigrum|foraminis nigri]].

Mense [[Maius|Maii]] [[2022]], astronomi, [[telescopium|telescopio]] ''{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Horizon Eventuum (telescopium)|Horizonte Eventuum|en|qid=Q3944788}}'' utentes (quod est rete mundiale observatoriorum radioelectricorum), primam [[imago|imaginem]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|discus accretionis|disci accretionis|en|qid=Q237604}} circum [[horizon eventuum|horizontem eventuum]] Sagittarii A* ediderunt.&lt;ref name=&quot;AJ-202205&quot;&gt;{{Opus
	| cognomen = Bower
	| nomen = Geoffrey C.
	| titulus = Focus on First Sgr A* Results from the Event Horizon Telescope
	| contextus = The Astrophysical Journal Letters
	| annus = 2022
	| mensis = 5
	| tempus inspectionis = 2022-05-12
	| url = https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/2041-8205/page/Focus_on_First_Sgr_A_Results
	| salus url = vivit
	| retrospectio = 20220719162915
}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Talis imago naturam foramini nigri confirmavit et fuit secunda imago certa unius ex his corporibus post illam foramini nigri supermassivi [[galaxias|galaxiae]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Messier 87||en|qid=Q14041}} anni [[2019]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ESO2208&quot;&gt;{{Opus
	| titulus = Astronomers reveal first image of the black hole at the heart of our galaxy
	| tempus = 2022-05-12
	| domus editoria = European Southern Observatory
	| url = https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso2208-eht-mw/
	| salus url = vivit
	| retrospectio = 20220512130910
	| tempus inspectionis = 2022-05-12
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT-20220512&quot;&gt;{{Opus
	| cognomen = Overbye
	| nomen = Dennis
	| titulus = The Milky Way's Black Hole Comes to Light
	| contextus = The New York Times
	| lingua = en-US
	| tempus = 2022-05-12
	| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/12/science/black-hole-photo.html
	| salus url = obiit
	| issn = 0362-4331
	| retrospectio = 20220512040455
	| tempus inspectionis = 2022-05-12
}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Haud ipsum foramen nigrum in [[photographema]]te videri poterat, sed materies tantum quae id circumdabat. Talis materies ex [[pulvis|pulvere]] et [[gas|gase]] consistit, qui dum in foramen nigrum incidunt millionibus gradibus calefiunt.&lt;ref name=&quot;DetectionOfBlackHoleSrgA&quot;&gt;{{Opus
	| annus = 2018
	| arxiv = 1810.12641
	| bibcode = 2018A&amp;A...618L..10G
	| cognomen 1 = Abuter
	| nomen 1 = R.
	| cognomen 2 = Amorim
	| nomen 2 = A.
	| cognomen 3 = Bauböck
	| nomen 3 = M.
	| cognomen 4 = Berger
	| nomen 4 = J. P.
	| cognomen 5 = Bonnet
	| nomen 5 = H.
	| cognomen 6 = Brandner
	| nomen 6 = W.
	| cognomen 7 = Clénet
	| nomen 7 = Y.
	| cognomen 8 = Coudé Du Foresto
	| nomen 8 = V.
	| cognomen 9 = De Zeeuw
	| nomen 9 = P. T.
	| cognomen 10 = Deen
	| nomen 10 = C.
	| cognomen 11 = Dexter
	| nomen 11 = J.
	| cognomen 12 = Duvert
	| nomen 12 = G.
	| cognomen 13 = Eckart
	| nomen 13 = A.
	| cognomen 14 = Eisenhauer
	| nomen 14 = F.
	| cognomen 15 = Förster Schreiber
	| nomen 15 = N. M.
	| cognomen 16 = Garcia
	| nomen 16 = P.
	| cognomen 17 = Gao
	| nomen 17 = F.
	| cognomen 18 = Gendron
	| nomen 18 = E.
	| cognomen 19 = Genzel
	| nomen 19 = R.
	| cognomen 20 = Gillessen
	| nomen 20 = S.
	| cognomen 21 = Guajardo
	| nomen 21 = P.
	| cognomen 22 = Habibi
	| nomen 22 = M.
	| cognomen 23 = Haubois
	| nomen 23 = X.
	| cognomen 24 = Henning
	| nomen 24 = T.
	| cognomen 25 = Hippler
	| nomen 25 = S.
	| cognomen 26 = Horrobin
	| nomen 26 = M.
	| cognomen 27 = Huber
	| nomen 27 = A.
	| cognomen 28 = Jiménez Rosales
	| nomen 28 = A.
	| cognomen 29 = Jocou
	| nomen 29 = L.
	| cognomen 30 = Kervella
	| nomen 30 = P.
	| titulus = Detection of orbital motions near the last stable circular orbit of the massive black hole SgrA
	| contextus = Astronomy &amp; Astrophysics
	| doi = 10.1051/0004-6361/201834294
	| paginae = L10
	| s2cid = 53613305
	| volumen = 618
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{NexInt}}
* [[Foramen nigrum]]
* [[Punctulum rubrum (galaxiarum genus)]]
* [[Radius Schwarzschildianus]]
* [[Sagittarius A]]
* [[Stella degener]]
* [[Theoria relativitatis generalis]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Sagittarius A*|Sagittarium A*}}
{{Caelum|17|45|40.0409|-|29|0|28.118}}

[[Categoria:Foramina nigra]]
[[Categoria:Sagittarius (constellatio)]]
{{Myrias|Physica}}</text>
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      <text bytes="11408" sha1="im2f3e8bgyhdqbf1opg30b9k3nsxs6v" xml:space="preserve">{{Cave ne confundas|Sagittarius A}}
[[Fasciculus:EHT Sagittarius A black hole.tif|thumb|upright=1|Sagittarius A*, anno [[2017]] [[telescopium|telescopio]] ''{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Horizon Eventuum (telescopium)|Horizonte Eventuum|en|qid=Q3944788}}'' observatus.]]
[[Fasciculus:SgrA2018.gif|thumb|upright=0.8|Tempus hac pellicula ostentum est 20 annorum. In parte media latet Sagittarius A*, cuius debiles deflagrationes, disperse, videri possunt. Notabiles sunt [[orbita]]e [[stella]]rum, quae circa [[vacuum]] moveri videntur.]]
[[Fasciculus:RA offset from Sgr A*.gif|thumb|upright=0.8|Centrum galacticum [[Via lactea|Viae lactae]] (immobilis, in media parte, Sagittarius A* iacet).]]
[[Fasciculus:Keck-UCLA_Galactic_Center_Group_Sagittarius_A*_2022.gif|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Orbita]]e stellarum quae circum Sagittarius A* moventur (clicca si imago patescat stativa).]]
[[Fasciculus:Comparison of the size of Sgr* A and the Sun.png|thumb|upright=0.8|Comparatio magnitudinis Sagittarii A* et [[systema solare|systematis solaris]].]]

{{res|Sagittarius A*}} (''sagittarius-a-stella'' articulandus) vel, forma compendiaria, '''Sgr A*''', est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|foramen nigrum supermassivum||en|qid=Q40392}} (~&amp;nbsp;{{Massae astronomicae|{{Num|4 300 000}}|Sol}}, ~&amp;nbsp;{{Radii astronomici|{{Num|18}}|Sol}}) in [[centrum galacticum|media]] [[Via Lactea]] situm. Invenitur apud [[fines]] [[constellatio]]num [[Sagittarius (constellatio)|Sagittarii]] et [[Scorpius (constellatio)|Scorpii]], circa 5.6° [[meridies|australius]] quam [[linea ecliptica]], prope [[cumulus stellarum|cumulum]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Papilio (cumulus stellarum)|Papilionis|en|qid=Q11225}} (M6) et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Lambda Scorpii||en|qid=Q78603928}}. A [[Tellus|Tellure]] fere {{Num|27000}} [[annus luce mensus|annos luce mensos]] distat.

Corpus est [[densitas|densissimus]] et [[lumen|luminosissimus]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|fons radioelectricus astronomicus|fons radioelectricus|en|qid=Q1931185}}, cuius ipsa luminositas fuit causa nominis. Anno quidem [[1954]], quum [[astronomus|astronomi]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Ioannes Daniel Kraus|Ioannes Kraus|en|qid=Q11192918}}, [[Hsien-Ching Ko]], et [[Ioannes Matt]], {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|radiotelescopium|radiotelescopio|en|qid=Q184356}} [[Universitas Civica Ohiensis|Universitatis Civicae Ohiensis]] utentes, aliquos fontes radioelectricos ab eis inventos [[frequentia|frequentiā]] 250 [[hertz|MHz]] auscultavissent et in {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tabula astronomica|tabulam astronomicam|en|qid=Q842617}} notavissent, litteram capitaneam ordine luminositatis decrescente cuique fonti apposuerunt, ubi littera &lt;code&gt;A&lt;/code&gt; fons luminosissimus indicabat.&lt;ref&gt;{{Opus
	| bibcode = 1954AJ.....59..439K
	| cognomen 1 = Kraus
	| nomen 1 = J. D.
	| cognomen 2 = Ko
	| nomen 2 = H. C.
	| cognomen 3 = Matt
	| nomen 3 = S.
	| titulus = Galactic and localized source observations at 250 megacycles per second.
	| contextus = The Astronomical Journal
	| volumen = 59
	| annus = 1954
	| mensis = 12
	| paginae = 439–443
	| doi = 10.1086/107059
	| issn = 0004-6256
	| url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1954AJ.....59..439K
	| salus url = vivit
	| retrospectio = 20220610145454
	| tempus inspectionis = 2022-05-16
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Asteriscus]] (&lt;code&gt;*&lt;/code&gt;)—hodie “stella” articulatus, quasi stellam pingens—fuit appendicula posterior, anno [[1982]] a [[Robertus Lamme Brown|Roberto L. Brown]] addita, quum is tales validissimas emissiones intellexisset ex corpore compacto non thermico oriri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Opus
	| cognomen = Brown
	| nomen = Robertus L.
	| titulus = Precessing Jets in Sagittarius A: Gas Dynamics in the Central Parsec of the Galaxy
	| contextus = The Astrophysical Journal
	| volumen = 262
	| tempus = 1982-11-01
	| paginae = 110–119
	| accessus ad doi = liberus
	| bibcode = 1982ApJ...262..110B
	| doi = 10.1086/160401
}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Ratio asterisci fuit imitatio [[nomenclatura]]e [[chemia|chemicae]], ubi excitatio atomica eodem signo notatur (exempli gratia, status excitatus [[helium|helii]] notatur “{{Eodem versu|He*}}”), quoniam haec quidem inventio etiam putabatur “excitans”.&lt;ref&gt;{{Opus
	| cognomen 1 = Goss
	| nomen 1 = W. M.
	| cognomen 2 = Brown
	| nomen 2 = Robert L.
	| cognomen 3 = Lo
	| nomen 3 = K. Y.
	| titulus = The Discovery of Sgr A*
	| lingua = en
	| contextus = Astronomische Nachrichten
	| volumen = 324
	| fasciculus = S1
	| tempus = 2003-08-08
	| doi = 10.1002/asna.200385047
	| issn = 0004-6337
	| paginae = 497–504
	| url = https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/asna.200385047
	| arxiv = astro-ph/0305074
	| bibcode = 2003ANS...324..497G
	| salus url = vivit
	| retrospectio = 20220803003212
	| tempus inspectionis = May 13, 2022
}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Hodie nomen sine asterisco, [[Sagittarius A]], fontem radioelectricum compositum indicat, in quo '''Sagittarius A Orientalis''', '''Sagittarius A Occidentalis''' et '''Sagittarius A*''' numerantur.

Observatio plurium stellarum circum Sagittarium A* moventium, praecipue stellae {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|S2 (stella)|S2|en|qid=Q1514814}}, [[massa]]m limitemque superiorem [[radius (geometria)|radii]] corporis compacti determinare sivit. Massā radioque magis magisque definitis, astronomi statuere potuerunt Sagittarium A* putandum esse Viae lacteae foramen nigrum supermassivum centrale.&lt;ref name=&quot;Henderson&quot;&gt;{{Opus
	| cognomen = Henderson
	| nomen = Mark
	| titulus = Astronomers confirm black hole at the heart of the Milky Way
	| domus editoria = Times Online
	| tempus = 2009-12-09
	| url = http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/science/article5316001.ece
	| salus url = obiit
	| retrospectio = 20081216235509
	| tempus inspectionis = 2019-06-06
}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Haec massa hodie aestimatur 4.297&amp;nbsp;±&amp;nbsp;0.012 [[millio]]nibus [[massa Solis|massarum solarium]].&lt;ref name=&quot;the-gravity-collaboration&quot;&gt;{{Opus
	| auctor = The GRAVITY collaboration
	| titulus = Polarimetry and astrometry of NIR flares as event horizon scale, dynamical probes for the mass of Sgr A*
	| contextus = Astronomy &amp; Astrophysics
	| volumen = 677
	| annus = 2023
	| mensis = 9
	| paginae = L10
	| doi = 10.1051/0004-6361/202347416
	| url = https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2023/09/aa47416-23/aa47416-23.html
}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Tali massae [[radius Schwarzschildianus]] fere {{Num|12 690 500}} [[chiliometrum|km]], vel {{Radii astronomici|{{Num|18.22}}|Sol}}, vel 0.08 [[Unitas astronomica|UA]] (i.e. paulum plus quam quinta pars [[semiaxis maior]]is orbitae [[Mercurius (planeta)|Mercurii]]), congruit.

Sagittario A* demonstrato corpore supermassivo et compacto, [[Reinhardus Genzel]] et [[Andrea Mia Ghez|Andrea M. Ghez]] [[Praemium Nobelianum physicae]] anno [[2020]] acciperunt.&lt;ref&gt;{{Opus
	| titulus = The Nobel Prize in Physics 2020
	| lingua = en-us
	| tempus = 2020-10-06
	| tempus inspectionis = 2020-10-07
	| url = https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2020/summary/
	| salus url = vivit
	| retrospectio = 20210424115309
}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Illā massā illoque radio sola facies tunc nota erat [[foramen nigrum|foraminis nigri]].

Mense [[Maius|Maii]] [[2022]], astronomi, [[telescopium|telescopio]] ''{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Horizon Eventuum (telescopium)|Horizonte Eventuum|en|qid=Q3944788}}'' utentes (quod est rete mundiale observatoriorum radioelectricorum), primam [[imago|imaginem]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|discus accretionis|disci accretionis|en|qid=Q237604}} circum [[horizon eventuum|horizontem eventuum]] Sagittarii A* ediderunt.&lt;ref name=&quot;AJ-202205&quot;&gt;{{Opus
	| cognomen = Bower
	| nomen = Geoffrey C.
	| titulus = Focus on First Sgr A* Results from the Event Horizon Telescope
	| contextus = The Astrophysical Journal Letters
	| annus = 2022
	| mensis = 5
	| tempus inspectionis = 2022-05-12
	| url = https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/2041-8205/page/Focus_on_First_Sgr_A_Results
	| salus url = vivit
	| retrospectio = 20220719162915
}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Talis imago naturam foramini nigri confirmavit et fuit secunda imago certa unius ex his corporibus post illam foramini nigri supermassivi [[galaxias|galaxiae]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Messier 87||en|qid=Q14041}} anni [[2019]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ESO2208&quot;&gt;{{Opus
	| titulus = Astronomers reveal first image of the black hole at the heart of our galaxy
	| tempus = 2022-05-12
	| domus editoria = European Southern Observatory
	| url = https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso2208-eht-mw/
	| salus url = vivit
	| retrospectio = 20220512130910
	| tempus inspectionis = 2022-05-12
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT-20220512&quot;&gt;{{Opus
	| cognomen = Overbye
	| nomen = Dennis
	| titulus = The Milky Way's Black Hole Comes to Light
	| contextus = The New York Times
	| lingua = en-US
	| tempus = 2022-05-12
	| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/12/science/black-hole-photo.html
	| salus url = obiit
	| issn = 0362-4331
	| retrospectio = 20220512040455
	| tempus inspectionis = 2022-05-12
}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Haud ipsum foramen nigrum in [[photographema]]te videri poterat, sed materies tantum quae id circumdabat. Talis materies ex [[pulvis|pulvere]] et [[gas|gase]] consistit, qui dum in foramen nigrum incidunt millionibus gradibus calefiunt.&lt;ref name=&quot;DetectionOfBlackHoleSrgA&quot;&gt;{{Opus
	| annus = 2018
	| arxiv = 1810.12641
	| bibcode = 2018A&amp;A...618L..10G
	| cognomen 1 = Abuter
	| nomen 1 = R.
	| cognomen 2 = Amorim
	| nomen 2 = A.
	| cognomen 3 = Bauböck
	| nomen 3 = M.
	| cognomen 4 = Berger
	| nomen 4 = J. P.
	| cognomen 5 = Bonnet
	| nomen 5 = H.
	| cognomen 6 = Brandner
	| nomen 6 = W.
	| cognomen 7 = Clénet
	| nomen 7 = Y.
	| cognomen 8 = Coudé Du Foresto
	| nomen 8 = V.
	| cognomen 9 = De Zeeuw
	| nomen 9 = P. T.
	| cognomen 10 = Deen
	| nomen 10 = C.
	| cognomen 11 = Dexter
	| nomen 11 = J.
	| cognomen 12 = Duvert
	| nomen 12 = G.
	| cognomen 13 = Eckart
	| nomen 13 = A.
	| cognomen 14 = Eisenhauer
	| nomen 14 = F.
	| cognomen 15 = Förster Schreiber
	| nomen 15 = N. M.
	| cognomen 16 = Garcia
	| nomen 16 = P.
	| cognomen 17 = Gao
	| nomen 17 = F.
	| cognomen 18 = Gendron
	| nomen 18 = E.
	| cognomen 19 = Genzel
	| nomen 19 = R.
	| cognomen 20 = Gillessen
	| nomen 20 = S.
	| cognomen 21 = Guajardo
	| nomen 21 = P.
	| cognomen 22 = Habibi
	| nomen 22 = M.
	| cognomen 23 = Haubois
	| nomen 23 = X.
	| cognomen 24 = Henning
	| nomen 24 = T.
	| cognomen 25 = Hippler
	| nomen 25 = S.
	| cognomen 26 = Horrobin
	| nomen 26 = M.
	| cognomen 27 = Huber
	| nomen 27 = A.
	| cognomen 28 = Jiménez Rosales
	| nomen 28 = A.
	| cognomen 29 = Jocou
	| nomen 29 = L.
	| cognomen 30 = Kervella
	| nomen 30 = P.
	| titulus = Detection of orbital motions near the last stable circular orbit of the massive black hole SgrA
	| contextus = Astronomy &amp; Astrophysics
	| doi = 10.1051/0004-6361/201834294
	| paginae = L10
	| s2cid = 53613305
	| volumen = 618
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{NexInt}}
* [[Foramen nigrum]]
* [[Punctulum rubrum (galaxiarum genus)]]
* [[Radius Schwarzschildianus]]
* [[Sagittarius A]]
* [[Stella degener]]
* [[Theoria relativitatis generalis]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Sagittarius A*|Sagittarium A*}}
{{Caelum|17|45|40.0409|-|29|0|28.118}}

[[Categoria:Foramina nigra]]
[[Categoria:Sagittarius (constellatio)]]
{{Myrias|Physica}}</text>
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      <text bytes="11428" sha1="m1r0y0ogjl13nzg72cvyj68hqb6fur9" xml:space="preserve">{{Cave ne confundas|Sagittarius A}}
[[Fasciculus:EHT Sagittarius A black hole.tif|thumb|upright=1|Sagittarius A*, anno [[2017]] [[telescopium|telescopio]] ''{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Horizon Eventuum (telescopium)|Horizonte Eventuum|en|qid=Q3944788}}'' observatus.]]
[[Fasciculus:SgrA2018.gif|thumb|upright=0.8|Tempus hac pellicula ostentum est 20 annorum. In parte media latet Sagittarius A*, cuius debiles deflagrationes, disperse, videri possunt. Notabiles sunt [[orbita]]e [[stella]]rum, quae circa [[vacuum]] moveri videntur.]]
[[Fasciculus:RA offset from Sgr A*.gif|thumb|upright=0.8|Centrum galacticum [[Via lactea|Viae lactae]] (immobilis, in media parte, Sagittarius A* iacet).]]
[[Fasciculus:Keck-UCLA_Galactic_Center_Group_Sagittarius_A*_2022.gif|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Orbita]]e stellarum quae circum Sagittarius A* moventur (clicca si imago patescat stativa).]]
[[Fasciculus:Comparison of the size of Sgr* A and the Sun.png|thumb|upright=0.8|Comparatio magnitudinis Sagittarii A* et [[systema solare|systematis solaris]].]]

{{res|Sagittarius A*}} (''sagittarius-a-stella'' articulandus) vel, forma compendiaria, '''Sgr A*''', est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|foramen nigrum supermassivum||en|qid=Q40392}} (~&amp;nbsp;{{Massae astronomicae|{{Num|4 300 000}}|Sol}}, ~&amp;nbsp;{{Radii astronomici|{{Num|18}}|Sol}}) in [[centrum galacticum|media]] [[Via Lactea]] situm. Invenitur apud [[fines]] [[constellatio]]num [[Sagittarius (constellatio)|Sagittarii]] et [[Scorpius (constellatio)|Scorpii]], circa 5.6° [[meridies|australius]] quam [[linea ecliptica]], prope [[cumulus stellarum|cumulum]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Papilio (cumulus stellarum)|Papilionis|en|qid=Q11225}} (M6) et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Lambda Scorpii||en|qid=Q78603928}}. A [[Tellus|Tellure]] fere {{Num|27000}} [[annus luce mensus|annos luce mensos]] distat.

[[Corpus caeleste|Corpus]] est [[densitas|densissimus]] et [[lumen|luminosissimus]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|fons radioelectricus astronomicus|fons radioelectricus|en|qid=Q1931185}}, cuius ipsa luminositas fuit causa nominis. Anno quidem [[1954]], quum [[astronomus|astronomi]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Ioannes Daniel Kraus|Ioannes Kraus|en|qid=Q11192918}}, [[Hsien-Ching Ko]], et [[Ioannes Matt]], {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|radiotelescopium|radiotelescopio|en|qid=Q184356}} [[Universitas Civica Ohiensis|Universitatis Civicae Ohiensis]] utentes, aliquos fontes radioelectricos ab eis inventos [[frequentia|frequentiā]] 250 [[hertz|MHz]] auscultavissent et in {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tabula astronomica|tabulam astronomicam|en|qid=Q842617}} notavissent, litteram capitaneam ordine luminositatis decrescente cuique fonti apposuerunt, ubi littera &lt;code&gt;A&lt;/code&gt; fons luminosissimus indicabat.&lt;ref&gt;{{Opus
	| bibcode = 1954AJ.....59..439K
	| cognomen 1 = Kraus
	| nomen 1 = J. D.
	| cognomen 2 = Ko
	| nomen 2 = H. C.
	| cognomen 3 = Matt
	| nomen 3 = S.
	| titulus = Galactic and localized source observations at 250 megacycles per second.
	| contextus = The Astronomical Journal
	| volumen = 59
	| annus = 1954
	| mensis = 12
	| paginae = 439–443
	| doi = 10.1086/107059
	| issn = 0004-6256
	| url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1954AJ.....59..439K
	| salus url = vivit
	| retrospectio = 20220610145454
	| tempus inspectionis = 2022-05-16
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Asteriscus]] (&lt;code&gt;*&lt;/code&gt;)—hodie “stella” articulatus, quasi stellam pingens—fuit appendicula posterior, anno [[1982]] a [[Robertus Lamme Brown|Roberto L. Brown]] addita, quum is tales validissimas emissiones intellexisset ex corpore compacto non thermico oriri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Opus
	| cognomen = Brown
	| nomen = Robertus L.
	| titulus = Precessing Jets in Sagittarius A: Gas Dynamics in the Central Parsec of the Galaxy
	| contextus = The Astrophysical Journal
	| volumen = 262
	| tempus = 1982-11-01
	| paginae = 110–119
	| accessus ad doi = liberus
	| bibcode = 1982ApJ...262..110B
	| doi = 10.1086/160401
}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Ratio asterisci fuit imitatio [[nomenclatura]]e [[chemia|chemicae]], ubi excitatio atomica eodem signo notatur (exempli gratia, status excitatus [[helium|helii]] notatur “{{Eodem versu|He*}}”), quoniam haec quidem inventio etiam putabatur “excitans”.&lt;ref&gt;{{Opus
	| cognomen 1 = Goss
	| nomen 1 = W. M.
	| cognomen 2 = Brown
	| nomen 2 = Robert L.
	| cognomen 3 = Lo
	| nomen 3 = K. Y.
	| titulus = The Discovery of Sgr A*
	| lingua = en
	| contextus = Astronomische Nachrichten
	| volumen = 324
	| fasciculus = S1
	| tempus = 2003-08-08
	| doi = 10.1002/asna.200385047
	| issn = 0004-6337
	| paginae = 497–504
	| url = https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/asna.200385047
	| arxiv = astro-ph/0305074
	| bibcode = 2003ANS...324..497G
	| salus url = vivit
	| retrospectio = 20220803003212
	| tempus inspectionis = May 13, 2022
}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Hodie nomen sine asterisco, [[Sagittarius A]], fontem radioelectricum compositum indicat, in quo '''Sagittarius A Orientalis''', '''Sagittarius A Occidentalis''' et '''Sagittarius A*''' numerantur.

Observatio plurium stellarum circum Sagittarium A* moventium, praecipue stellae {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|S2 (stella)|S2|en|qid=Q1514814}}, [[massa]]m limitemque superiorem [[radius (geometria)|radii]] corporis compacti determinare sivit. Massā radioque magis magisque definitis, astronomi statuere potuerunt Sagittarium A* putandum esse Viae lacteae foramen nigrum supermassivum centrale.&lt;ref name=&quot;Henderson&quot;&gt;{{Opus
	| cognomen = Henderson
	| nomen = Mark
	| titulus = Astronomers confirm black hole at the heart of the Milky Way
	| domus editoria = Times Online
	| tempus = 2009-12-09
	| url = http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/science/article5316001.ece
	| salus url = obiit
	| retrospectio = 20081216235509
	| tempus inspectionis = 2019-06-06
}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Haec massa hodie aestimatur 4.297&amp;nbsp;±&amp;nbsp;0.012 [[millio]]nibus [[massa Solis|massarum solarium]].&lt;ref name=&quot;the-gravity-collaboration&quot;&gt;{{Opus
	| auctor = The GRAVITY collaboration
	| titulus = Polarimetry and astrometry of NIR flares as event horizon scale, dynamical probes for the mass of Sgr A*
	| contextus = Astronomy &amp; Astrophysics
	| volumen = 677
	| annus = 2023
	| mensis = 9
	| paginae = L10
	| doi = 10.1051/0004-6361/202347416
	| url = https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2023/09/aa47416-23/aa47416-23.html
}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Tali massae [[radius Schwarzschildianus]] fere {{Num|12 690 500}} [[chiliometrum|km]], vel {{Radii astronomici|{{Num|18.22}}|Sol}}, vel 0.08 [[Unitas astronomica|UA]] (i.e. paulum plus quam quinta pars [[semiaxis maior]]is orbitae [[Mercurius (planeta)|Mercurii]]), congruit.

Sagittario A* demonstrato corpore supermassivo et compacto, [[Reinhardus Genzel]] et [[Andrea Mia Ghez|Andrea M. Ghez]] [[Praemium Nobelianum physicae]] anno [[2020]] acciperunt.&lt;ref&gt;{{Opus
	| titulus = The Nobel Prize in Physics 2020
	| lingua = en-us
	| tempus = 2020-10-06
	| tempus inspectionis = 2020-10-07
	| url = https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2020/summary/
	| salus url = vivit
	| retrospectio = 20210424115309
}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Illā massā illoque radio sola facies tunc nota erat [[foramen nigrum|foraminis nigri]].

Mense [[Maius|Maii]] [[2022]], astronomi, [[telescopium|telescopio]] ''{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Horizon Eventuum (telescopium)|Horizonte Eventuum|en|qid=Q3944788}}'' utentes (quod est rete mundiale observatoriorum radioelectricorum), primam [[imago|imaginem]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|discus accretionis|disci accretionis|en|qid=Q237604}} circum [[horizon eventuum|horizontem eventuum]] Sagittarii A* ediderunt.&lt;ref name=&quot;AJ-202205&quot;&gt;{{Opus
	| cognomen = Bower
	| nomen = Geoffrey C.
	| titulus = Focus on First Sgr A* Results from the Event Horizon Telescope
	| contextus = The Astrophysical Journal Letters
	| annus = 2022
	| mensis = 5
	| tempus inspectionis = 2022-05-12
	| url = https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/2041-8205/page/Focus_on_First_Sgr_A_Results
	| salus url = vivit
	| retrospectio = 20220719162915
}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Talis imago naturam foramini nigri confirmavit et fuit secunda imago certa unius ex his corporibus post illam foramini nigri supermassivi [[galaxias|galaxiae]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Messier 87||en|qid=Q14041}} anni [[2019]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ESO2208&quot;&gt;{{Opus
	| titulus = Astronomers reveal first image of the black hole at the heart of our galaxy
	| tempus = 2022-05-12
	| domus editoria = European Southern Observatory
	| url = https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso2208-eht-mw/
	| salus url = vivit
	| retrospectio = 20220512130910
	| tempus inspectionis = 2022-05-12
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT-20220512&quot;&gt;{{Opus
	| cognomen = Overbye
	| nomen = Dennis
	| titulus = The Milky Way's Black Hole Comes to Light
	| contextus = The New York Times
	| lingua = en-US
	| tempus = 2022-05-12
	| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/12/science/black-hole-photo.html
	| salus url = obiit
	| issn = 0362-4331
	| retrospectio = 20220512040455
	| tempus inspectionis = 2022-05-12
}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Haud ipsum foramen nigrum in [[photographema]]te videri poterat, sed materies tantum quae id circumdabat. Talis materies ex [[pulvis|pulvere]] et [[gas|gase]] consistit, qui dum in foramen nigrum incidunt millionibus gradibus calefiunt.&lt;ref name=&quot;DetectionOfBlackHoleSrgA&quot;&gt;{{Opus
	| annus = 2018
	| arxiv = 1810.12641
	| bibcode = 2018A&amp;A...618L..10G
	| cognomen 1 = Abuter
	| nomen 1 = R.
	| cognomen 2 = Amorim
	| nomen 2 = A.
	| cognomen 3 = Bauböck
	| nomen 3 = M.
	| cognomen 4 = Berger
	| nomen 4 = J. P.
	| cognomen 5 = Bonnet
	| nomen 5 = H.
	| cognomen 6 = Brandner
	| nomen 6 = W.
	| cognomen 7 = Clénet
	| nomen 7 = Y.
	| cognomen 8 = Coudé Du Foresto
	| nomen 8 = V.
	| cognomen 9 = De Zeeuw
	| nomen 9 = P. T.
	| cognomen 10 = Deen
	| nomen 10 = C.
	| cognomen 11 = Dexter
	| nomen 11 = J.
	| cognomen 12 = Duvert
	| nomen 12 = G.
	| cognomen 13 = Eckart
	| nomen 13 = A.
	| cognomen 14 = Eisenhauer
	| nomen 14 = F.
	| cognomen 15 = Förster Schreiber
	| nomen 15 = N. M.
	| cognomen 16 = Garcia
	| nomen 16 = P.
	| cognomen 17 = Gao
	| nomen 17 = F.
	| cognomen 18 = Gendron
	| nomen 18 = E.
	| cognomen 19 = Genzel
	| nomen 19 = R.
	| cognomen 20 = Gillessen
	| nomen 20 = S.
	| cognomen 21 = Guajardo
	| nomen 21 = P.
	| cognomen 22 = Habibi
	| nomen 22 = M.
	| cognomen 23 = Haubois
	| nomen 23 = X.
	| cognomen 24 = Henning
	| nomen 24 = T.
	| cognomen 25 = Hippler
	| nomen 25 = S.
	| cognomen 26 = Horrobin
	| nomen 26 = M.
	| cognomen 27 = Huber
	| nomen 27 = A.
	| cognomen 28 = Jiménez Rosales
	| nomen 28 = A.
	| cognomen 29 = Jocou
	| nomen 29 = L.
	| cognomen 30 = Kervella
	| nomen 30 = P.
	| titulus = Detection of orbital motions near the last stable circular orbit of the massive black hole SgrA
	| contextus = Astronomy &amp; Astrophysics
	| doi = 10.1051/0004-6361/201834294
	| paginae = L10
	| s2cid = 53613305
	| volumen = 618
}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{NexInt}}
* [[Foramen nigrum]]
* [[Punctulum rubrum (galaxiarum genus)]]
* [[Radius Schwarzschildianus]]
* [[Sagittarius A]]
* [[Stella degener]]
* [[Theoria relativitatis generalis]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Sagittarius A*|Sagittarium A*}}
{{Caelum|17|45|40.0409|-|29|0|28.118}}

[[Categoria:Foramina nigra]]
[[Categoria:Sagittarius (constellatio)]]
{{Myrias|Physica}}</text>
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      <text bytes="14842" sha1="44d2bx493es1986g8ziwtggp2j07j0f" xml:space="preserve">= Utilia =
== Ad civitates ==
&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidatorum}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

&lt;nowiki&gt;[[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;

&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Fontes geographici}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

== Ad homines ==
&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

&lt;nowiki&gt;* {{CathHierBishop|}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Archiepiscopi Friburgenses}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Fontes biographici}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

= Formulae episcopi =
{{Episcopi Elnenses}}
{{Capsa navigationis
|formula = Episcopi Elnenses
|titulus = Episcopi [[Dioecesis Elnensis|Elnenses]]
|imago   = [[Fasciculus:Bistum Perpignan-Elne.svg|125px]]
|super= &lt;small&gt;Dioecesis Elnensis erecta saeculo VI, anno 1801 suppressa, anno 1822 restituta cum sede [[Perpinianum|Perpiniani]] et titulu Elnensi, sub concordato usque ad 1905, postea sub regimine separationis.&lt;/small&gt;.
|grex1=Sedes in Elne
|index1= Domnus &lt;small&gt;(568)&lt;/small&gt; • Benenatus &lt;small&gt;(589)&lt;/small&gt; • Acatulus &lt;/small&gt;(633-638)&lt;/small&gt; • 656 : Witaricus (seu Ilitaricus)&lt;small&gt;(656)&lt;/small&gt; • Hyacinthus &lt;small&gt;(673)&lt;/small&gt; • Clarus &lt;/small&gt; •(683)&lt;/small&gt; •  Wenedurius &lt;/small&gt;(783-825)&lt;/small&gt; • Ramnon &lt;small&gt;(825-826?)&lt;/small&gt; • Salomon &lt;/small&gt;(832-840)&lt;/small&gt; • Audesinde &lt;/small&gt;(860-885)&lt;/small&gt; • Riculphus I &lt;small&gt;(887-915)&lt;/small&gt; • Elmeradus &lt;small&gt;(916-919)&lt;/small&gt; • Wadaldus seu Guadaldo d'Empuries-Rosselló &lt;/small&gt;(922-947)&lt;/small&gt; • Riculphus II &lt;/small&gt;(947-960)&lt;/small&gt; • Suniarius I &lt;small&gt;(967?-977)&lt;/small&gt; • Hildesindus &lt;small&gt;(979-991)&lt;/small&gt; • Berengarius de Cerdanya-Besalú &lt;small&gt;(993-994, et denuo 999-1003)&lt;/small&gt; • Fredelo &lt;small&gt;(994-999 et denuo 1003-1007)&lt;/small&gt; • Olivarius (de Besalú) &lt;small&gt;(1009-1014)&lt;/small&gt; • Berengarius II de Sendred de Gurb &lt;small&gt;(1019-1030)&lt;/small&gt; • Suniarius II &lt;small&gt;(1031)&lt;/small&gt; • Berengarius III &lt;small&gt;(1032-1053)&lt;/small&gt; • Artaldus I &lt;small&gt;(1054-1061)&lt;/small&gt; • Suniarius III &lt;small&gt;(1062)&lt;/small&gt; • Ramundus I &lt;small&gt;(1064-1086)&lt;/small&gt; • Artaldus II &lt;/small&gt;(1087-1096)&lt;/small&gt; • Armengolus &lt;/small&gt;(1097-1111)&lt;/small&gt; • Petrus Bernardus &lt;small&gt;(1113-1129)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Udalgar de Castelnou]] &lt;small&gt;(1130-1147)&lt;/small&gt; • Artaldus III &lt;small&gt;(1148-1171)&lt;/small&gt; • Guillelmus Jordà &lt;small&gt;(1172-1186)&lt;/small&gt; • Berengarius IV &lt;small&gt;(1187)&lt;/small&gt; • Guillelmus de Ceret &lt;small&gt;(1187-1197)&lt;/small&gt; • Artaldus IV &lt;small&gt;(1200-1201)&lt;/small&gt; • Guillelmus d'Ortafà &lt;small&gt;(1201-1209)&lt;/small&gt; • Raimundus II de Vilalonga &lt;small&gt;(1212-1216)&lt;/small&gt; •  Gualterius &lt;small&gt;(1217-1221)&lt;/small&gt; • Arnaldus de Serrallonga &lt;small&gt;(1223-1224)&lt;/small&gt; • Raimundus III &lt;small&gt;(1225-1229)&lt;/small&gt; • Bernardus de Berga &lt;small&gt;(1230-1259)&lt;/small&gt; • Berengarius V de Cantallops &lt;small&gt;(1259-1280)&lt;/small&gt; • Bernardus de Sala &lt;small&gt;(1280-1281)&lt;/small&gt; • Berengarius VI de Santafè &lt;small&gt;(1282-1289)&lt;/small&gt; • Raimundus IV de Costa &lt;small&gt;(1289-1310)&lt;/small&gt; • Raimundus V &lt;small&gt;(1311-1312)&lt;/small&gt; • Guillelmus de Castilhon &lt;small&gt;(1313-1317)&lt;/small&gt; • Berengarius VII d'Argilaguers &lt;small&gt;(1317-1319)&lt;/small&gt; • Berengarius VIII Batlle &lt;small&gt;(1320-1332)&lt;/small&gt; • Guido de Terrena &lt;small&gt;(1332-1342)&lt;/small&gt; • Petrus Seguer &lt;small&gt;(1342-1346)&lt;/small&gt; • Bernardus Hugo de Sainte-Arthemie &lt;small&gt;(1347-1348)&lt;/small&gt; • Bernardus Forner &lt;small&gt;(1348-1350)&lt;/small&gt; • Stephanus Malet &lt;small&gt;(1350-1351)&lt;/small&gt; • Franciscus de Montoliu &lt;small&gt;(1352-1354)&lt;/small&gt; • 1354-1357 : [[Ioannes de Jourens|Ioannes Jofre]] &lt;small&gt;(1354-1357)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Raimundus de Salg]] &lt;small&gt;(1357-1361)&lt;/small&gt; • Petrus de Planella &lt;small&gt;(1361-1371)&lt;/small&gt; • Petrus Cima &lt;small&gt;(1371-1377)&lt;/small&gt; • Raimundus d'Escales &lt;small&gt;(1377-1380)&lt;/small&gt; • Dalmau &lt;small&gt;(1380-1384)&lt;/small&gt; • Bartolomaeus Peiró &lt;small&gt;(1384-1408)&lt;/small&gt; • Raimundus de Descatllar i de Palasol&lt;small&gt;(1408)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Francesc Eiximenis]] &lt;small&gt;(1408-1409)&lt;/small&gt; • Alphonsus d'Eixea &lt;small&gt;(1409-1410)&lt;/small&gt; • Hieronymus de Ocón &lt;small&gt;(1410-1425)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Ioannes Casanova]] &lt;small&gt;(1425-1431)&lt;/small&gt; • Galceran Albert &lt;small&gt;(1431-1453)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Ioannes Margarit i Pau|Ioannes de Margarit]] &lt;small&gt;(1453-1462)&lt;/small&gt; • Antonius de Cardona &lt;small&gt;(1462-1467)&lt;/small&gt; • Ioannes Pintor &lt;small&gt;(1468-1470 )&lt;/small&gt; • Carolus de Saint-Gelais &lt;small&gt;(1470-1473)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Carolus I de Martigny|Carolus de Martigny]] &lt;small&gt;(1475-1494)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Ascanius Maria Sforza]] &lt;small&gt;(1494-1495)&lt;/small&gt; •  [[Cesarius Borgia]] &lt;small&gt;(1495-1498)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Franciscus Lloris y de Borja|Franciscus Galceran de Lloris i de Borja]] &lt;small&gt;(1499-1506)&lt;/small&gt; • Ioannes de Palau &lt;small&gt;(1506)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Iacobus Serra i Cau|Iacobus Serra i Cau]] &lt;small&gt;(1506-1513)&lt;/small&gt; • Ioannes Castellanos de Villalba &lt;small&gt;(1513-1515)&lt;/small&gt; • Bernardus de Mesa &lt;small&gt;(1517-1524)&lt;/small&gt; • Gullielmus Valdenese &lt;small&gt;(1524-1529)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Fernandus de Valdés]] &lt;small&gt;(1529-1530)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Hieronymus Doria]] &lt;small&gt;(1530-1532)&lt;/small&gt; • Iacobus de Ric &lt;small&gt;(1534-1535&lt;/small&gt; • Hieronymus de Requesens &lt;small&gt;(1537-1542&lt;/small&gt; • Fernandus de Loaces y Pérez &lt;small&gt;(1542-1543)&lt;/small&gt; • Petrus Agustí &lt;small&gt;(1543-1545)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Michael Despuig]] &lt;small&gt;(1545-1555)&lt;/small&gt; • Raphael Ubac &lt;small&gt;(1555-1556)&lt;/small&gt; • Lupus Martínez de La Gunilla &lt;small&gt;(1558-1567)&lt;/small&gt; • Petrus Martyr Coma &lt;small&gt;(1568-1578)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Ioannes Terès i Borrull]] &lt;small&gt;(1579-1586)&lt;/small&gt; • Petrus Bonet de Santa Maria &lt;small&gt;(1586-1588&lt;/small&gt; • Augustinus Gallart &lt;small&gt;(1588)&lt;/small&gt; • Ludovicus de Sanç i Còdol &lt;small&gt;(1588)&lt;/small&gt; • Franciscus Robuster Sala &lt;small&gt;(1591-1598)&lt;/small&gt; • Fernandus de Valdés Salas &lt;small&gt;(1589-1598)&lt;/small&gt; • Onophrius Reart &lt;small&gt;(1599-1608)
|grex2=Sedes Perpiniani a 1602
|index2= Antonis Gallart (i Traginer) &lt;small&gt;(1609-1612)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Franciscus de Vera-Villavicencio]] &lt;small&gt;(1613-1616)&lt;/small&gt; • Fredericus Cornet &lt;small&gt;(1617-1617)&lt;/small&gt; • Raimundus d'Ivorra &lt;small&gt;(1617-1618)&lt;/small&gt; • Raphael Rifos &lt;small&gt;(1618-1620)&lt;/small&gt; • Franciscus Senjust &lt;small&gt;(1621-1622)&lt;/small&gt; • Petrus Magarola &lt;small&gt;(1622-1627)&lt;/small&gt; • Franciscus Lopez de Mendoza &lt;small&gt;(1627-1629)&lt;/small&gt; • Gregorius Parcero &lt;small&gt;(1630-1634)&lt;/small&gt; • Caspar Prieto &lt;small&gt;(1636-1637)&lt;/small&gt; • Franciscus Perez Roy &lt;small&gt;(1638-1643)&lt;/small&gt; • Iosephus du Vivier de Saint-Martin &lt;small&gt;(1643)&lt;/small&gt; • '''sedes vacans''' &lt;small&gt;(1643-1668)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Vincentius de Margarit de Biure]] &lt;small&gt;(1668-1672)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Ioannes Ludovicus du Bruelh]] &lt;small&gt;(1673-1675)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Ioannes Baptista d'Étampes]] &lt;small&gt;(1675)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Ludovicus Habert de Montmor]] &lt;small&gt;(1682-1695)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Ioannes Herveus Bazan de Flamanville]] &lt;small&gt;(1695-1721)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Antonius Hieronymus Boyvin de Vaurouy]] &lt;small&gt;(1721)&lt;/small&gt; • '''sedes vacans''' &lt;small&gt;(1722-1723)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Ioannes Mathias de Barthélemy de Gramont]] &lt;small&gt;(1726-1743)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Carolus Franciscus Alexander de Cardevac de Gouy d'Havrincourt]] &lt;small&gt;(1743-1783)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Ioannes Gabriel d'Agay]] &lt;small&gt;(1783-1788)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Antonius Felix de Leyris d'Esponchez]] &lt;small&gt;(1788-1801, sed emigratus a 1791)&lt;/small&gt; • &lt;small&gt;''[[Gabriel Deville]]'' (1791-1793, episcopus constitutionnalis)&lt;/small&gt; • &lt;small&gt;''[[Dominicus Paulus Villa]]'' (1798-1801, episcopus constitutionnalis)&lt;/small&gt; 
|grex3=Concordatus
|index3= '''sedes suppressa''' &lt;small&gt;(1801-1823)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Ioannes Franciscus de Saunhac-Belcastel]] &lt;small&gt; (1823-1853)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Philippus Gerbet]] &lt;small&gt;(1854-1864)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Stephanus Aemilius Ramadié]] &lt;small&gt;(1865-1876)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Josephus Fredericus Saivet]] &lt;small&gt;(1876-1877)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Ioannes Augustinus Aemilius Caraguel]] &lt;small&gt;(1877-1885)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Noel Gaussail]] &lt;small&gt;(1886-1899)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Iulius de Carsalade du Pont]] &lt;small&gt;(1899-1932)&lt;/small&gt;
|grex4=Regimen separationis
|index4= [[Iulius de Carsalade du Pont]] &lt;small&gt;(1899-1932)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Henricus Marius Bernard]] &lt;small&gt;(1933-1959)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Ioel Bellec]] &lt;small&gt;(1960-1971)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Henricus L'Heureux]] &lt;small&gt;(1972-1981)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Ioannes Chabbert]] &lt;small&gt;(archiepiscopus, 1982-1996)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Andreas Fort]] &lt;small&gt;(1996-2002)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Andreas Marceau]] &lt;small&gt;(2004-2014)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Norbertus Turini]] &lt;small&gt;(2014-2022)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Theodoricus Scherrer]] &lt;small&gt;(2023-) &lt;/small&gt; • 
|sub=&lt;small&gt;fontes : {{CathHierDiocese|perp|Dioecesis Elnensis}}
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;

&lt;no wiki&gt;[[:Categoria:Episcopi Elnenses|!]] &lt;/nowiki&gt;

&lt;/noinclude&gt;

= [[Sanctus Iulianus]] =
&lt;nowiki&gt;{{discretiva}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

== Sancti ==
== Toponyma ==

=== Francia ===

=== Italia ===

== Notae et Fontes ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[:Categoria:Sancti|Iulianus]]

= [[Dioecesis Molinensis]] =
{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidatorum}} 
{{res|Dioecesis Molinensis}} ([[Francogallice]] {{barbarice|lingua=fr|Diocèse de Moulins}}) est [[dioecesis]] [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Ecclesiae Catholicae Romanae]] [[Ecclesia Latina|Latinae]] cuius sedes historicus [[Elne]] erat, et a [[1602]] [[Perpinianum|Perpiniani]] sita est. Dioecesis [[Saeculum 6|VI saeculo]] condita,&lt;ref&gt;{{CathHierDiocese|perp|Dioecesis Elnensis}}&lt;/ref&gt; anno [[1801]] suppressa est. Restituta ab anno [[1822]] cum territorio [[Pyrenaei orientales| praefecturae Pyrenaeoiumrum orientales]] congruit et ab anno [[2002]] suffraganea [[Archidioecesis Montis Pessulani]] est.

== Ecclesia cathedralis ==
[[Fasciculus:Cathédrale Saint Pierre - Montpellier (FR34) - 2021-07-12 - 13.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|left|Ecclesia cathedralis [[Petrus|Sancto Petro]] dicata.]]
[[Ecclesia cathedralis]] Sancto Petro dicata, [[Perpinianum|Perpiniani]] sita est.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
* {{Opus|url=https://www.catholique-moulins.fr//|titulus=Situs officialis}} {{ling|Francogallice}}
{{CommuniaCat|Roman Catholic Diocese of Moulins|Dioecesem Molinensem}}
{{Fontes geographici}}
* {{CathHierDiocese|moul|Dioecesis Molinensis}}

&lt;!--{{RC-stipula}}--&gt;
{{Dioeceses archidioeceses catholicae Franciae}}
[[:Categoria:Dioecesis Molinensis]]

= Ad formulam =
{{Dioeceses archidioeceses catholicae Poloniae}}
{{Capsa navigationis
| titulus = [[dioecesis|Dioeceses]] et ''archidioeceses'' [[ecclesia Catholica Romana|catholicae]] [[Polonia]]e
| formula = Dioeceses archidioeceses catholicae Poloniae
| Imago = [[Fasciculus:CatholicDiocesesPoland2004.svg|100px|Dioeceses Poloniae]]
| corpus = ''[[Archidioecesis Bialostocensis|Bialostocensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Bielscensis-Zyviecensis|Bielscensis-Zyviecensis]] . [[Dioecesis Bydgostiensis|Bydgostiensis]] . [[Dioecesis Calissiensis|Calissiensis]] . [[Dioecesis Coslinensis-Colubregana|Coslinensis-Colubregana]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Cracoviensis|Cracoviensis]]'' . ''[[Archidioecesis Czestochoviensis|Czestochoviensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Drohiczinensis|Drohiczinensis]] . [[Dioecesis Elbingensis|Elbingensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Gedanensis|Gedanensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Glivicensis|Glivicensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Gnesnensis|Gnesnensis]]'' . ''[[Archidioecesis Katovicensis|Katovicensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Kielcensis|Kielcensis]] . [[Dioecesis Legnicensis|Legnicensis]] . [[Dioecesis Liccanensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Lodziensis|Lodziensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Lomzensis|Lomzensis]] . [[Dioecesis Lovicensis|Lovicensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Lublinensis|Lublinensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Opoliensis|Opoliensis]] . [[Dioecesis Pelplinensis|Pelplinensis]] . [[Dioecesis Plocensis|Plocensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Posnaniensis|Posnaniensis]]'' . ''[[Archidioecesis Premisliensis Latinorum|Premisliensis Latinorum]]'' . [[Dioecesis Radomensis|Radomensis]] . [[Dioecesis Rzeszoviensis|Rzeszoviensis]] . [[Dioecesis Sandomiriensis|Sandomiriensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Sedinensis-Caminensis|Sedinensis-Caminensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Siedlecensis|Siedlecensis]] . [[Dioecesis Sosnoviensis|Sosnoviensis]] . [[Dioecesis Suidniciensis|Suidniciensis]] . [[Dioecesis Tarnoviensis|Tarnoviensis]] . [[Dioecesis Thoruniensis|Thoruniensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Varmiensis|Varmiensis]]'' . ''[[Archidioecesis Varsaviensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Varsaviensis-Pragensis]] . [[Dioecesis Viridimontanensis-Gorzoviensis|Viridimontanensis-Gorzoviensis]] . [[Dioecesis Vladislaviensis|Vladislaviensis]] . ''[[Archidioecesis Vratislaviensis]]'' . [[Dioecesis Zamosciensis-Lubaczoviensis|Zamosciensis-Lubaczoviensis]] . [[Ordinariatus Militaris Poloniae]]
}}
&lt;noinclude&gt;
== Vide etiam ==
* [[Dioeceses Ecclesiae Catholicae]]

&lt;!--[[Categoria:Formulae Poloniam spectantes]]
[[Categoria:Dioeceses Ecclesiae Catholicae in Polonia|!]]
[[Categoria:Formulae navigationis hierarchiae Catholicae]]--&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;

= [[Wendelinus (Sanctus)]] =
Wendelinus (Theodisce Wendelin) est sanctus [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Ecclesiae Catholicae Romanae]], die [[21 Octobris]] veneratus, qui in [[Religio Christiana|Christianisatione]] [[Rhenania et Palatinatus|Rhenaniae et Palatinatus]] et praesertim septentrionalis [[Saravia]]e participavit. Persona virtuosa, popularis et agricola, originis [[Scotia|Scoticae]] vel [[Hibernia|Hibernicae]], nobilis et divitis stirpis, nihilominus [[eremita]], [[peregrinus]], agricola, pastor, deinde [[monachus]] factus est, antequam munus abbatis [[Abbatia Theulegii|Abbatiae]] [[Theulegium|Theulegii]] occupavit. Sanctus Wendelinus patronus pastorum, segetum et pecorum, et postea omnium animalium domesticorum (vaccarum, gallinorum, canum, felium, etc.) est.

cf fr.wikipedia 

Secundum fabulam, Sanctus Vandalinus filius erat Frochardi et Evelinae regiorum coniugum Scotorum. Iuvenis, coronam et voluptates mundi repudiavit et Deo in paupertate et obscuritate servire constituit. Romam aliaque loca peregrinationis ut peregrinus visitavit, deinde aliquamdiu ut eremita in regione Westrich Episcopatus Trevirensis vixit, domino manerii serviens, primum ut subulcus, deinde ut pastor boum, et denique ut pastor ovium. Postea, abbas Monasterii Tholey electus et a Severino Episcopo Trevirensi anno 517 consecratus est. Anno 607 mortuus est et prope casam ubi antea ut eremita vixerat sepultus est. Oppidum Sancti Wendel ibi conditum est propter multas peregrinationes saeculi XIV. In calendariis, Sanctus Wendelinus diebus XX, XXI, vel XXII Octobris celebratur. Patronus pastorum et gregum veneratur. Vitae antiquissimae quas Bollandistis notae sunt ad saeculum XV pertinent. Utrum fundamentum historicum habeant vehementer dubium est.

== Fontes ==
Acta Sanctorum. Oct. T. IX, p. 342–351. – Stadler, Heiligen- Lex. V, 776. – (Stramberg,) Rhein. Antiquarius, 2. Abth., 2. Bd., S. 481 bis 491.

cf. ADB:Wendelinus der Heilige de.wikisource.org

&lt;!--{{lifetime|554|617|Wendelinus}}--&gt;
[[:Categoria:Sanctus catholicus]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Rentius Francalanci</title>
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      <text bytes="1746" sha1="ffa1kapg6es2in3v0382r5q3q424mjc" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidata}}
'''Rentius Francalanci''' (natus ''Renzo Francalanci'' [[Pratum (Italia)|Prati]] in [[Tuscania]] die [[25 Aprilis]] [[1935]]; mortuus [[Iolum|Ioli]] (in vico Prati) die [[2 Martii]] [[2021]]) fuit [[sacerdos]] qui quadraginta annos rector [[Sanctuarium Nostrae Dominae Lilii (Pratum)|sanctuarii Nostrae Dominae Lilii]] fuit.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.quinewsvalbisenzio.it/prato-morto-don-renzo-francalanci-pistoia.htm Addio a don Renzo, 40 anni nel segno di Maria].&lt;/ref&gt;

==Vita==
Rentius Francalanci, anno 1935 natus, in [[seminarium|seminariis]] Prati et [[Pistorium|Pistorii]] eruditus, [[presbyter]] anno [[1957]] ordinatus est. Parochus in aliquot paroechiis fuit, et annis 90 [[archimandrita]] [[Ecclesia Graeco-Melchita Catholica|ecclesiae Graeco-Melchitae Catholicae]] consecratus est. Obiit Prati anno [[2021]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20251212071147/http://met.provincia.fi.it/news.aspx?n=329444 Addio a don Renzo Francalanci, per 40 anni rettore di Santa Maria del Giglio].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.lanazione.it/prato/cronaca/morto-don-francalanci-c3265371 E' morto don Renzo Francalanci, storico rettore del santuario del Giglio].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20251211083957/https://www.linealibera.it/diocesi-in-lutto-e-morto-don-renzo-francalanci/ diocesi in lutto. &lt;small&gt;È MORTO DON RENZO FRANCALANCI&lt;/small&gt;].&lt;/ref&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Nexus externus ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121221102819/http://www.diocesiprato.it/pagina_template.asp?id=35 Sanctuarium Lilii in pagina dioeceseos Prati]

{{bio-stipula}}

{{Lifetime|1935|2021|Francalanci, Rentius}}
[[Categoria:Comboniani]]
[[Categoria:Incolae Italiae]]
[[Categoria:Pratum (Italia)]]
[[Categoria:Presbyteri catholici]]</text>
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	| Categoria formulis quoque suppleta
	| Categoria vestigatoria
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{{Supercategoria}}
{{Videatur etiam|Categoria:Formulae quae categoriis vestigatoriis utuntur}}

[[Categoria:MediaVici]]
[[Categoria:Vicipaedia]]
[[Categoria:Instrumenta Vicipaediae]]</text>
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      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>3998776</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2452" sha1="6zatfa1yjs627qnptptom4m5bajiyb2" xml:space="preserve">{{Subpagina documentationis}}
{{Formula categoriae}}
{{Lua|Modulus:Params}}

Haec formula [[Vicipaedia:Categoriae systematis|categorias systematis]] indicat.

Categoriae quae hanc formulam exhibent in [[:Categoria:Categoriae systematis MediaVicialis]] numerantur.

== De usu ==
'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoria systematis MediaVicialis|Scribunto-common-error-category}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Categoria systematis MediaVicialis|Scribunto-common-error-category|propositum=exhibitio}}

{{Ast}}

'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoria systematis MediaVicialis|Scribunto-common-error-category|barbarice=Pages with script errors}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Categoria systematis MediaVicialis|Scribunto-common-error-category|barbarice=Pages with script errors|propositum=exhibitio}}

{{Ast}}

'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoria systematis MediaVicialis|Wikimedia-graph-disabled-category|Graph-disabled-category|barbarice=Pages with disabled graphs}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Categoria systematis MediaVicialis|Wikimedia-graph-disabled-category|Graph-disabled-category|barbarice=Pages with disabled graphs|propositum=exhibitio}}

{{Ast}}

'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoria systematis MediaVicialis}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Categoria systematis MediaVicialis|propositum=exhibitio}}

== Subformulae auxiliares ==
* {{Fn|Categoria systematis MediaVicialis/descriptio}}

== Ulteriora si cupis ==
{{Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae|Categoriae systematis MediaVicialis}}
* {{Fn|Disputatio de nomine categoriae systematis MediaVicialis}}
* {{Fn|Categoria administrativa Vicipaediae}}
* {{Fn|Categoria formularum}}
* {{Fn|Categoria modulorum}}
* {{Fn|Categoria vestigatoria}}
* {{Fn|Categoria formulis quoque suppleta}}
* [[Vicipaedia:Categoriae systematis]]
* [[Special:TrackingCategories]]

&lt;includeonly&gt;{{in harenario aut alibi||
&lt;!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --&gt;
[[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae quae seorsos versus creant|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae monituum nuntiorumque|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae quae cunctas paginas afficiunt|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae nexuales|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae variadicae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>6zatfa1yjs627qnptptom4m5bajiyb2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Categoria vestigatoria</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>320773</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3998753</id>
      <parentid>3934579</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T22:53:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Grufo movit paginam [[Formula:Categoria vestigatoria formularum]] ad [[Formula:Categoria vestigatoria]]: Nomen simplicius</comment>
      <origin>3934579</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1119" sha1="hjv9ykz9proysne6smglcd6ikiaobjf" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#if:{{#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio|/}}{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACENUMBER}}|14|/}}

	| {{Capsa paginae
		| 1 =

[[Fasciculus:Symbolum formularum.svg|22px|alt=|link=]] '''Categoria vestigatoria formularum'''

Haec categoria adhibetur ad salutem encyclopaediae curandam custodiendamque, sed '''non est pars encyclopaediae'''. Paginae et subcategoriae hic numeratae{{#invoke:params|
			all_sorted|
			excluding_non-numeric_names|
			trimming_values|
			with_value_not_matching||strict|
			setting|h/i/l| formul{{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:params|excluding_non-numeric_names|with_value_not_matching|^%s*$|count}} &gt; 1|is|ā}} |, | et |
			for_each|&amp;#123;&amp;#123;[[:Formula:$@|$@]]&amp;#125;&amp;#125;}} sponte stipantur et '''non sunt huc manu addendae'''. {{#if:{{{descriptio|}}}
			|

Secundum descriptionem, collectioni est haec ratio:

{{Vitta sententiae
	| color = #fff
	| norma = media
	| 1 = {{{descriptio}}}
}}

		}}

	}}{{#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio||[[Categoria:Categoriae vestigatoriae]]}}

	| {{Error|Error: Haec formula in categoriis tantum adhibenda est.}}

}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentatio}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>hjv9ykz9proysne6smglcd6ikiaobjf</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3998777</id>
      <parentid>3998753</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T23:16:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>De aliis spatiis nominalibus</comment>
      <origin>3998777</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2452" sha1="cbpe56xm1nrklrwr0wlz5resppiy6pf" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#if:{{#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio|/}}{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACENUMBER}}|14|/}}

	| {{Capsa paginae
		| 1 =

[[Fasciculus:Symbolum formularum.svg|22px|alt=|link=]] '''Categoria vestigatoria formularum'''

Haec categoria adhibetur ad salutem encyclopaediae curandam custodiendamque, sed '''non est pars encyclopaediae'''. Paginae et subcategoriae hic numeratae{{#invoke:params|
	excluding_non-numeric_names|
	trimming_values|
	with_value_not_matching||strict|
	renaming_by_calling|Secundum aliud spatium nominale|values_only|1|10|
	mapping_by_magic|NAMESPACENUMBER|names_only|
	entering_substack|
		with_value_matching|828|strict|
		detaching_substack|
		mapping_by_magic|PAGENAME|names_only|
		mapping_by_mixing|&amp;#123;&amp;#123;[[$#|&amp;#35;invoke:$@]]&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|
		snapshotting|
		scoring|a|in_substack|
	dropping_substack|
	snapshotting|entering_substack|
		with_value_matching|10|strict|
		detaching_substack|
		mapping_by_magic|PAGENAME|names_only|
		mapping_by_mixing|&amp;#123;&amp;#123;[[$#|$@]]&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|
	leaving_substack|
	snapshotting|entering_substack|
		with_value_matching|0|strict|
		detaching_substack|
		mapping_by_mixing|&amp;#123;&amp;#123;[[:$#|:$#]]&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|
	leaving_substack|
	mapping_by_mixing|&amp;#123;&amp;#123;[[:$#]]&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|
	flushing|
	flushing|
	scoring|b|in_substack|
	entering_substack|
		flushing|
		snapshotting|entering_substack|
			with_value_matching|0|
			detaching_substack|
		leaving_substack|
		snapshotting|entering_substack|
			with_value_matching|1|
			detaching_substack|
		leaving_substack|
		mapping_by_mixing|2|
		flushing|
		flushing|
		combining_values|h|alphabetically|h|x|
		mapping_by_magic|#switch|
			let|x01|formulā|
			let|x02|formulis|
			let|x10|modulo|
			let|x11|formulā moduloque|
			let|x12|formulis moduloque|
			let|x20|modulis|
			let|x21|formulā modulisque|
			let|x22|formulis modulisque|
		mapping_by_mixing| $@ |
	leaving_substack|
	setting_by_flushing|
	flushing|
	setting|i/l/n|, | et | nonnullis formulis modulisve|
	all_sorted|
	list_values
}} sua sponte stipantur et '''non sunt huc manu addendae'''. {{#if:{{{descriptio|}}}
			|

Secundum descriptionem, collectioni est haec ratio:

{{Vitta sententiae
	| color = #fff
	| norma = media
	| 1 = {{{descriptio}}}
}}

		}}

	}}{{#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio||[[Categoria:Categoriae vestigatoriae]]}}

	| {{Error|Error: Haec formula in categoriis tantum adhibenda est.}}

}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentatio}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>cbpe56xm1nrklrwr0wlz5resppiy6pf</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3998820</id>
      <parentid>3998777</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-03T07:46:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Efficacia</comment>
      <origin>3998820</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2461" sha1="s3rnfsg2gsankg7rjis7f4x5ju7kx7n" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#if:{{#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio|/}}{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACENUMBER}}|14|/}}

	| {{Capsa paginae
		| 1 =

[[Fasciculus:Symbolum formularum.svg|22px|alt=|link=]] '''Categoria vestigatoria formularum'''

Haec categoria adhibetur ad salutem encyclopaediae curandam custodiendamque, sed '''non est pars encyclopaediae'''. Paginae et subcategoriae hic numeratae{{#invoke:params|
	excluding_non-numeric_names|
	trimming_values|
	with_value_not_matching||strict|
	renaming_by_calling|Secundum aliud spatium nominale|values_only|1|10|
	mapping_by_magic|NAMESPACENUMBER|names_only|
	entering_substack|
		with_value_matching|828|strict|
		detaching_substack|
		mapping_by_magic|PAGENAME|names_only|
		mapping_by_mixing|&amp;#123;&amp;#123;[[$#|&amp;#35;invoke:$@]]&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|
		scoring|a|in_substack|
	leaving_substack|
	snapshotting|entering_substack|
		with_value_matching|10|strict|
		detaching_substack|
		mapping_by_magic|PAGENAME|names_only|
		mapping_by_mixing|&amp;#123;&amp;#123;[[$#|$@]]&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|
	leaving_substack|
	snapshotting|entering_substack|
		with_value_matching|0|strict|
		detaching_substack|
		mapping_by_mixing|&amp;#123;&amp;#123;[[:$#|:$#]]&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|
	leaving_substack|
	mapping_by_mixing|&amp;#123;&amp;#123;[[:$#]]&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|
	flushing|
	flushing|
	rearranging_substacks|2|
	scoring|b|in_substack|
	entering_substack|
		flushing|
		snapshotting|entering_substack|
			with_value_matching|0|
			detaching_substack|
		leaving_substack|
		snapshotting|entering_substack|
			with_value_matching|1|
			detaching_substack|
		leaving_substack|
		mapping_by_mixing|2|
		flushing|
		flushing|
		combining_values|h|alphabetically|h|x|
		mapping_by_magic|#switch|
			let|x01|formulā|
			let|x02|formulis|
			let|x10|modulo|
			let|x11|formulā moduloque|
			let|x12|formulis moduloque|
			let|x20|modulis|
			let|x21|formulā modulisque|
			let|x22|formulis modulisque|
		mapping_by_mixing| $@ |
	leaving_substack|
	setting_by_flushing|
	flushing|
	setting|i/l/n|, | et | nonnullis formulis modulisve|
	all_sorted|
	list_values
}} sua sponte stipantur et '''non sunt huc manu addendae'''. {{#if:{{{descriptio|}}}
			|

Secundum descriptionem, collectioni est haec ratio:

{{Vitta sententiae
	| color = #fff
	| norma = media
	| 1 = {{{descriptio}}}
}}

		}}

	}}{{#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio||[[Categoria:Categoriae vestigatoriae]]}}

	| {{Error|Error: Haec formula in categoriis tantum adhibenda est.}}

}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentatio}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>s3rnfsg2gsankg7rjis7f4x5ju7kx7n</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Categoria vestigatoria/doc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>320774</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3998755</id>
      <parentid>3986007</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T22:53:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Grufo movit paginam [[Formula:Categoria vestigatoria formularum/doc]] ad [[Formula:Categoria vestigatoria/doc]] sine redirectione: Nomen simplicius</comment>
      <origin>3986007</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3283" sha1="ewiiwo1f5fzwae6i8831eyamrr5pjso" xml:space="preserve">{{Subpagina documentationis}}
{{Formula categoriae}}
{{Vicitextus concors
	| Categoria vestigatoria formularum
	| Categoria vestigatoria modulorum
	| Categoria administrativa Vicipaediae
}}
{{Lua|Modulus:Params}}

Ratio:
* Si quaedam categoria formulis tantum supplenda est, utere hac formula
* Sin secus, si paginae in categoria formulis ''quoque'' stipantur, sed etiam manu addi possunt:
** Si est pars encyclopaedia utere formula {{Fn|Categoria formulis quoque suppleta}}
** Si non est pars encyclopaedia utere formula {{Fn|Categoria administrativa Vicipaediae}}.

Categoriae quae hanc formulam exhibent in [[:Categoria:Categoriae vestigatoriae]] numerantur.

== De usu ==
'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoria vestigatoria formularum|Auxilium interviciale}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Categoria vestigatoria formularum|Auxilium interviciale|propositum=exhibitio}}

{{Ast}}

'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoria vestigatoria formularum
	| Confestim movenda pro usore sine nomine
	| Malus titulus
	| Movenda
	| Movenda ad spatium adumbrationum
	| Movenda ad spatium nominale usoris
}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Categoria vestigatoria formularum
	| Confestim movenda pro usore sine nomine
	| Malus titulus
	| Movenda
	| Movenda ad spatium adumbrationum
	| Movenda ad spatium nominale usoris
	| propositum = exhibitio
}}

{{Ast}}

'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoria vestigatoria formularum
	| Confestim delenda
	| Deletio celeris obliqua
	| Pagina absurda
	| Pagina spammifera
	| Pagina vandalica
	| descriptio = Hae sunt deletiones '''celeres'''  propositae, hic stipatae formulis quae in [[:Categoria:Formulae deletionum celerium]] numerantur.
}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Categoria vestigatoria formularum
	| Confestim delenda
	| Deletio celeris obliqua
	| Pagina absurda
	| Pagina spammifera
	| Pagina vandalica
	| descriptio = Hae sunt deletiones '''celeres'''  propositae, hic stipatae formulis quae in [[:Categoria:Formulae deletionum celerium]] numerantur.
	| propositum = exhibitio
}}

{{Ast}}

'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoria vestigatoria formularum}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Categoria vestigatoria formularum|propositum=exhibitio}}

== Ulteriora si cupis ==
{{Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae|Categoriae vestigatoriae}}
* [[:Categoria:Categoriae vestigatoriae]]
* [[:Categoria:Formulae quae categoriis vestigatoriis utuntur]]
* {{Fn|Categoria formulis quoque suppleta}}
* {{Fn|Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae}}
* {{Fn|Categoria vestigatoria modulorum}}
* {{Fn|Categoria administrativa Vicipaediae}}
* {{Fn|Categoria systematis MediaVicialis}}
* {{Fn|Categoria formularum}}
* {{Fn|Categoria modulorum}}

&lt;includeonly&gt;{{in harenario aut alibi||
&lt;!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --&gt;
[[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae quae seorsos versus creant|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae monituum nuntiorumque|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae quae cunctas paginas afficiunt|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae nexuales|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae variadicae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ewiiwo1f5fzwae6i8831eyamrr5pjso</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3998764</id>
      <parentid>3998755</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T23:03:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Documentationem redintegravi</comment>
      <origin>3998764</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3321" sha1="rxtoba24iiglx08w679j8nsadi2e0nz" xml:space="preserve">{{Subpagina documentationis}}
{{Formula categoriae}}
{{Vicitextus concors
	| Categoria administrativa Vicipaediae
	| Categoria formularum
	| Categoria formulis quoque suppleta
	| Categoria modulorum
	| Categoria vestigatoria
}}
{{Lua|Modulus:Params}}

Ratio:
* Si quaedam categoria formulis tantum supplenda est, utere hac formula
* Sin secus, si paginae in categoria formulis ''quoque'' stipantur, sed etiam manu addi possunt:
** Si est pars encyclopaedia utere formula {{Fn|Categoria formulis quoque suppleta}}
** Si non est pars encyclopaedia utere formula {{Fn|Categoria administrativa Vicipaediae}}.

Categoriae quae hanc formulam exhibent in [[:Categoria:Categoriae vestigatoriae]] numerantur.

== De usu ==
'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoria vestigatoria formularum|Auxilium interviciale}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Categoria vestigatoria formularum|Auxilium interviciale|propositum=exhibitio}}

{{Ast}}

'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoria vestigatoria formularum
	| Confestim movenda pro usore sine nomine
	| Malus titulus
	| Movenda
	| Movenda ad spatium adumbrationum
	| Movenda ad spatium nominale usoris
}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Categoria vestigatoria formularum
	| Confestim movenda pro usore sine nomine
	| Malus titulus
	| Movenda
	| Movenda ad spatium adumbrationum
	| Movenda ad spatium nominale usoris
	| propositum = exhibitio
}}

{{Ast}}

'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoria vestigatoria formularum
	| Confestim delenda
	| Deletio celeris obliqua
	| Pagina absurda
	| Pagina spammifera
	| Pagina vandalica
	| descriptio = Hae sunt deletiones '''celeres'''  propositae, hic stipatae formulis quae in [[:Categoria:Formulae deletionum celerium]] numerantur.
}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Categoria vestigatoria formularum
	| Confestim delenda
	| Deletio celeris obliqua
	| Pagina absurda
	| Pagina spammifera
	| Pagina vandalica
	| descriptio = Hae sunt deletiones '''celeres'''  propositae, hic stipatae formulis quae in [[:Categoria:Formulae deletionum celerium]] numerantur.
	| propositum = exhibitio
}}

{{Ast}}

'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoria vestigatoria formularum}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Categoria vestigatoria formularum|propositum=exhibitio}}

== Ulteriora si cupis ==
{{Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae|Categoriae vestigatoriae}}
* [[:Categoria:Categoriae vestigatoriae]]
* [[:Categoria:Formulae quae categoriis vestigatoriis utuntur]]
* {{Fn|Categoria formulis quoque suppleta}}
* {{Fn|Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae}}
* {{Fn|Categoria vestigatoria modulorum}}
* {{Fn|Categoria administrativa Vicipaediae}}
* {{Fn|Categoria systematis MediaVicialis}}
* {{Fn|Categoria formularum}}
* {{Fn|Categoria modulorum}}

&lt;includeonly&gt;{{in harenario aut alibi||
&lt;!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --&gt;
[[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae quae seorsos versus creant|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae monituum nuntiorumque|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae quae cunctas paginas afficiunt|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae nexuales|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae variadicae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>rxtoba24iiglx08w679j8nsadi2e0nz</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3998765</id>
      <parentid>3998764</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T23:05:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Documentationem redintegravi</comment>
      <origin>3998765</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3334" sha1="563uuzj53ck2vjv6cda9a5q6zie4le7" xml:space="preserve">{{Subpagina documentationis}}
{{Formula categoriae}}
{{Vicitextus concors
	| Categoria administrativa Vicipaediae
	| Categoria formularum
	| Categoria formulis quoque suppleta
	| Categoria modulorum
	| Categoria vestigatoria
}}
{{Lua|Modulus:Params}}

Ratio:
* Si quaedam categoria formulis tantum supplenda est, utere hac formula
* Sin secus, si paginae in categoria formulis ''quoque'' stipantur, sed etiam manu addi possunt:
** Si est pars encyclopaedia utere formula {{Fn|Categoria formulis quoque suppleta}}
** Si non est pars encyclopaedia utere formula {{Fn|Categoria administrativa Vicipaediae}}.

Categoriae quae hanc formulam exhibent in [[:Categoria:Categoriae vestigatoriae]] numerantur.

== De usu ==
'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoria vestigatoria|Auxilium interviciale}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Categoria vestigatoria|Auxilium interviciale|propositum=exhibitio}}

{{Ast}}

'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoria vestigatoria
	| Confestim movenda pro usore sine nomine
	| Malus titulus
	| Movenda
	| Movenda ad spatium adumbrationum
	| Movenda ad spatium nominale usoris
}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Categoria vestigatoria
	| Confestim movenda pro usore sine nomine
	| Malus titulus
	| Movenda
	| Movenda ad spatium adumbrationum
	| Movenda ad spatium nominale usoris
	| propositum = exhibitio
}}

{{Ast}}

'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoria vestigatoria
	| Confestim delenda
	| Deletio celeris obliqua
	| Pagina absurda
	| Pagina spammifera
	| Pagina vandalica
	| descriptio = Hae sunt deletiones '''celeres'''  propositae, hic stipatae formulis quae in [[:Categoria:Formulae deletionum celerium]] numerantur.
}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Categoria vestigatoria
	| Confestim delenda
	| Deletio celeris obliqua
	| Pagina absurda
	| Pagina spammifera
	| Pagina vandalica
	| descriptio = Hae sunt deletiones '''celeres'''  propositae, hic stipatae formulis quae in [[:Categoria:Formulae deletionum celerium]] numerantur.
	| propositum = exhibitio
}}

{{Ast}}

'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoria vestigatoria}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Categoria vestigatoria|propositum=exhibitio}}

== Synonyma ==
* {{Nf|Categoria vestigatoria formularum}}
* {{Nf|Categoria vestigatoria modulorum}}

== Ulteriora si cupis ==
{{Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae|Categoriae vestigatoriae}}
* [[:Categoria:Categoriae vestigatoriae]]
* [[:Categoria:Formulae quae categoriis vestigatoriis utuntur]]
* {{Fn|Categoria formulis quoque suppleta}}
* {{Fn|Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae}}
* {{Fn|Categoria vestigatoria modulorum}}
* {{Fn|Categoria administrativa Vicipaediae}}
* {{Fn|Categoria systematis MediaVicialis}}
* {{Fn|Categoria formularum}}
* {{Fn|Categoria modulorum}}

&lt;includeonly&gt;{{in harenario aut alibi||
&lt;!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --&gt;
[[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae quae seorsos versus creant|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae monituum nuntiorumque|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae quae cunctas paginas afficiunt|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae nexuales|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae variadicae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>563uuzj53ck2vjv6cda9a5q6zie4le7</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3998770</id>
      <parentid>3998765</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T23:10:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Documentationem redintegravi</comment>
      <origin>3998770</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3321" sha1="04i0c7p7eo6krkbkg755fwnfq2lgmu0" xml:space="preserve">{{Subpagina documentationis}}
{{Formula categoriae}}
{{Vicitextus concors
	| Categoria administrativa Vicipaediae
	| Categoria formularum
	| Categoria formulis quoque suppleta
	| Categoria modulorum
	| Categoria vestigatoria
}}
{{Lua|Modulus:Params}}

Ratio:
* Si quaedam categoria formulis tantum supplenda est, utere hac formula
* Sin secus, si paginae in categoria formulis ''quoque'' stipantur, sed etiam manu addi possunt:
** Si est pars encyclopaedia utere formula {{Fn|Categoria formulis quoque suppleta}}
** Si non est pars encyclopaedia utere formula {{Fn|Categoria administrativa Vicipaediae}}.

Categoriae quae hanc formulam exhibent in [[:Categoria:Categoriae vestigatoriae]] numerantur.

== De usu ==
'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoria vestigatoria|Auxilium interviciale}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Categoria vestigatoria|Auxilium interviciale|propositum=exhibitio}}

{{Ast}}

'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoria vestigatoria
	| Confestim movenda pro usore sine nomine
	| Malus titulus
	| Movenda
	| Movenda ad spatium adumbrationum
	| Movenda ad spatium nominale usoris
}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Categoria vestigatoria
	| Confestim movenda pro usore sine nomine
	| Malus titulus
	| Movenda
	| Movenda ad spatium adumbrationum
	| Movenda ad spatium nominale usoris
	| propositum = exhibitio
}}

{{Ast}}

'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoria vestigatoria
	| Confestim delenda
	| Deletio celeris obliqua
	| Pagina absurda
	| Pagina spammifera
	| Pagina vandalica
	| descriptio = Hae sunt deletiones '''celeres'''  propositae, hic stipatae formulis quae in [[:Categoria:Formulae deletionum celerium]] numerantur.
}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Categoria vestigatoria
	| Confestim delenda
	| Deletio celeris obliqua
	| Pagina absurda
	| Pagina spammifera
	| Pagina vandalica
	| descriptio = Hae sunt deletiones '''celeres'''  propositae, hic stipatae formulis quae in [[:Categoria:Formulae deletionum celerium]] numerantur.
	| propositum = exhibitio
}}

{{Ast}}

'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoria vestigatoria}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Categoria vestigatoria|propositum=exhibitio}}

== Synonyma ==
* {{Nf|Categoria vestigatoria formularum}}

== Ulteriora si cupis ==
{{Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae|Categoriae vestigatoriae}}
* [[:Categoria:Categoriae vestigatoriae]]
* [[:Categoria:Formulae quae categoriis vestigatoriis utuntur]]
* {{Nf|Categoria formulis quoque suppleta}}
* {{Nf|Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae}}
* {{Nf|Categoria administrativa Vicipaediae}}
* {{Nf|Categoria systematis MediaVicialis}}
* {{Nf|Categoria formularum}}
* {{Nf|Categoria modulorum}}
* {{Nf|Thesaurus veterum formularum/Categoria vestigatoria modulorum}}

&lt;includeonly&gt;{{in harenario aut alibi||
&lt;!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --&gt;
[[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae quae seorsos versus creant|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae monituum nuntiorumque|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae quae cunctas paginas afficiunt|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae nexuales|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae variadicae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>04i0c7p7eo6krkbkg755fwnfq2lgmu0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Categoria administrativa Vicipaediae</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>320790</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3998758</id>
      <parentid>3934581</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T22:58:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>De aliis spatiis nominalibus</comment>
      <origin>3998758</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2421" sha1="jb8lg9ugz278sqwlr81wbft1fuematc" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#if:{{#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio|/}}{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACENUMBER}}|14|/}}

	| {{Capsa paginae
		| 1 =

[[Fasciculus:Circle-icons-tools.svg|22px|alt=|link=]] '''Categoria administrativa Vicipaediae Latinae'''

Haec categoria adhibetur ad salutem encyclopaediae curandam custodiendamque, sed '''non est pars encyclopaediae'''.{{#invoke:params|
	excluding_non-numeric_names|
	trimming_values|
	with_value_not_matching||strict|
	renaming_by_calling|Secundum aliud spatium nominale|values_only|1|10|
	mapping_by_magic|NAMESPACENUMBER|names_only|
	entering_substack|
		with_value_matching|828|strict|
		detaching_substack|
		mapping_by_magic|PAGENAME|names_only|
		mapping_by_mixing|&amp;#123;&amp;#123;[[$#|&amp;#35;invoke:$@]]&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|
		snapshotting|
		scoring|a|in_substack|
	dropping_substack|
	snapshotting|entering_substack|
		with_value_matching|10|strict|
		detaching_substack|
		mapping_by_magic|PAGENAME|names_only|
		mapping_by_mixing|&amp;#123;&amp;#123;[[$#|$@]]&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|
	leaving_substack|
	snapshotting|entering_substack|
		with_value_matching|0|strict|
		detaching_substack|
		mapping_by_mixing|&amp;#123;&amp;#123;[[:$#|:$#]]&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|
	leaving_substack|
	mapping_by_mixing|&amp;#123;&amp;#123;[[:$#]]&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|
	flushing|
	flushing|
	scoring|b|in_substack|
	entering_substack|
		flushing|
		snapshotting|entering_substack|
			with_value_matching|0|
			detaching_substack|
		leaving_substack|
		snapshotting|entering_substack|
			with_value_matching|1|
			detaching_substack|
		leaving_substack|
		mapping_by_mixing|2|
		flushing|
		flushing|
		combining_values|h|alphabetically|h|x|
		mapping_by_magic|#switch|
			let|x01|formulā|
			let|x02|formulis|
			let|x10|modulo|
			let|x11|formulā moduloque|
			let|x12|formulis moduloque|
			let|x20|modulis|
			let|x21|formulā modulisque|
			let|x22|formulis modulisque|
		mapping_by_mixing| Nonnullae paginae et subcategoriae hic numeratae $@ |
	leaving_substack|
	setting_by_flushing|
	flushing|
	setting|i/l/f|, | et | sua sponte stipantur.|
	all_sorted|
	list_values
}} {{#if:{{{descriptio|}}}
			|

Secundum descriptionem, collectioni est haec ratio:

{{Vitta sententiae
	| color = #fff
	| norma = media
	| 1 = {{{descriptio}}}
}}

		}}

	}}{{#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio||[[Categoria:Categoriae administrativae Vicipaediae]]}}

	| {{Error|Error: Haec formula in categoriis tantum adhibenda est.}}

}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentatio}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>jb8lg9ugz278sqwlr81wbft1fuematc</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3998822</id>
      <parentid>3998758</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-03T07:48:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Efficacia</comment>
      <origin>3998822</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2430" sha1="kuen8xuo9y18yi9s46ye94x546pitze" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#if:{{#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio|/}}{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACENUMBER}}|14|/}}

	| {{Capsa paginae
		| 1 =

[[Fasciculus:Circle-icons-tools.svg|22px|alt=|link=]] '''Categoria administrativa Vicipaediae Latinae'''

Haec categoria adhibetur ad salutem encyclopaediae curandam custodiendamque, sed '''non est pars encyclopaediae'''.{{#invoke:params|
	excluding_non-numeric_names|
	trimming_values|
	with_value_not_matching||strict|
	renaming_by_calling|Secundum aliud spatium nominale|values_only|1|10|
	mapping_by_magic|NAMESPACENUMBER|names_only|
	entering_substack|
		with_value_matching|828|strict|
		detaching_substack|
		mapping_by_magic|PAGENAME|names_only|
		mapping_by_mixing|&amp;#123;&amp;#123;[[$#|&amp;#35;invoke:$@]]&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|
		scoring|a|in_substack|
	leaving_substack|
	snapshotting|entering_substack|
		with_value_matching|10|strict|
		detaching_substack|
		mapping_by_magic|PAGENAME|names_only|
		mapping_by_mixing|&amp;#123;&amp;#123;[[$#|$@]]&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|
	leaving_substack|
	snapshotting|entering_substack|
		with_value_matching|0|strict|
		detaching_substack|
		mapping_by_mixing|&amp;#123;&amp;#123;[[:$#|:$#]]&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|
	leaving_substack|
	mapping_by_mixing|&amp;#123;&amp;#123;[[:$#]]&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|
	flushing|
	flushing|
	rearranging_substacks|2|
	scoring|b|in_substack|
	entering_substack|
		flushing|
		snapshotting|entering_substack|
			with_value_matching|0|
			detaching_substack|
		leaving_substack|
		snapshotting|entering_substack|
			with_value_matching|1|
			detaching_substack|
		leaving_substack|
		mapping_by_mixing|2|
		flushing|
		flushing|
		combining_values|h|alphabetically|h|x|
		mapping_by_magic|#switch|
			let|x01|formulā|
			let|x02|formulis|
			let|x10|modulo|
			let|x11|formulā moduloque|
			let|x12|formulis moduloque|
			let|x20|modulis|
			let|x21|formulā modulisque|
			let|x22|formulis modulisque|
		mapping_by_mixing| Nonnullae paginae et subcategoriae hic numeratae $@ |
	leaving_substack|
	setting_by_flushing|
	flushing|
	setting|i/l/f|, | et | sua sponte stipantur.|
	all_sorted|
	list_values
}} {{#if:{{{descriptio|}}}
			|

Secundum descriptionem, collectioni est haec ratio:

{{Vitta sententiae
	| color = #fff
	| norma = media
	| 1 = {{{descriptio}}}
}}

		}}

	}}{{#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio||[[Categoria:Categoriae administrativae Vicipaediae]]}}

	| {{Error|Error: Haec formula in categoriis tantum adhibenda est.}}

}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentatio}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>kuen8xuo9y18yi9s46ye94x546pitze</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Categoria administrativa Vicipaediae/doc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>320791</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3998759</id>
      <parentid>3986005</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T22:59:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Documentationem redintegravi</comment>
      <origin>3998759</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2464" sha1="iplrpqnco750ksunv300mfinpnkt497" xml:space="preserve">{{Subpagina documentationis}}
{{Formula categoriae}}
{{Vicitextus concors
	| Categoria administrativa Vicipaediae
	| Categoria formularum
	| Categoria formulis quoque suppleta
	| Categoria modulorum
	| Categoria vestigatoria
}}
{{Lua|Modulus:Params}}

Categoriae quae hanc formulam exhibent in [[:Categoria:Categoriae administrativae Vicipaediae]] numerantur.

== De usu ==
'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoria administrativa Vicipaediae|descriptio=Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres.}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Categoria administrativa Vicipaediae|descriptio=Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres.|propositum=exhibitio}}

{{Ast}}

'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoria administrativa Vicipaediae|Categoria systematis MediaVicialis}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Categoria administrativa Vicipaediae|Categoria systematis MediaVicialis|propositum=exhibitio}}

{{Ast}}

'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoria administrativa Vicipaediae
	| Categoria celata utinam vacua
	| Categoria utinam vacua
	| descriptio = Hic categoriae numerantur quae actionem magistratūs requirunt.
}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Categoria administrativa Vicipaediae
	| Categoria celata utinam vacua
	| Categoria utinam vacua
	| descriptio = Hic categoriae numerantur quae actionem magistratūs requirunt.
	| propositum = exhibitio
}}

{{Ast}}

'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoria administrativa Vicipaediae}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Categoria administrativa Vicipaediae|propositum=exhibitio}}

== Ulteriora si cupis ==
{{Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae|Categoriae administrativae Vicipaediae}}
* {{Fn|Categoria systematis MediaVicialis}}
* {{Fn|Categoria formularum}}
* {{Fn|Categoria modulorum}}
* {{Fn|Categoria formulis quoque suppleta}}
* {{Fn|Categoria vestigatoria formularum}}
* {{Fn|Categoria vestigatoria modulorum}}

&lt;includeonly&gt;{{in harenario aut alibi||
&lt;!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --&gt;
[[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae quae seorsos versus creant|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae monituum nuntiorumque|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae quae cunctas paginas afficiunt|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae nexuales|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae variadicae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>iplrpqnco750ksunv300mfinpnkt497</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3998772</id>
      <parentid>3998759</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T23:11:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ulteriora si cupis */</comment>
      <origin>3998772</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2411" sha1="m1noj4upa90m6b59cncco12wtlpf9bw" xml:space="preserve">{{Subpagina documentationis}}
{{Formula categoriae}}
{{Vicitextus concors
	| Categoria administrativa Vicipaediae
	| Categoria formularum
	| Categoria formulis quoque suppleta
	| Categoria modulorum
	| Categoria vestigatoria
}}
{{Lua|Modulus:Params}}

Categoriae quae hanc formulam exhibent in [[:Categoria:Categoriae administrativae Vicipaediae]] numerantur.

== De usu ==
'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoria administrativa Vicipaediae|descriptio=Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres.}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Categoria administrativa Vicipaediae|descriptio=Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres.|propositum=exhibitio}}

{{Ast}}

'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoria administrativa Vicipaediae|Categoria systematis MediaVicialis}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Categoria administrativa Vicipaediae|Categoria systematis MediaVicialis|propositum=exhibitio}}

{{Ast}}

'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoria administrativa Vicipaediae
	| Categoria celata utinam vacua
	| Categoria utinam vacua
	| descriptio = Hic categoriae numerantur quae actionem magistratūs requirunt.
}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Categoria administrativa Vicipaediae
	| Categoria celata utinam vacua
	| Categoria utinam vacua
	| descriptio = Hic categoriae numerantur quae actionem magistratūs requirunt.
	| propositum = exhibitio
}}

{{Ast}}

'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoria administrativa Vicipaediae}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Categoria administrativa Vicipaediae|propositum=exhibitio}}

== Ulteriora si cupis ==
{{Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae|Categoriae administrativae Vicipaediae}}
* {{Fn|Categoria systematis MediaVicialis}}
* {{Fn|Categoria formularum}}
* {{Fn|Categoria modulorum}}
* {{Fn|Categoria formulis quoque suppleta}}
* {{Fn|Categoria vestigatoria}}

&lt;includeonly&gt;{{in harenario aut alibi||
&lt;!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --&gt;
[[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae quae seorsos versus creant|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae monituum nuntiorumque|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae quae cunctas paginas afficiunt|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae nexuales|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae variadicae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>m1noj4upa90m6b59cncco12wtlpf9bw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Categoria formularum</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>320846</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3998760</id>
      <parentid>3918521</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T23:01:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>De aliis spatiis nominalibus</comment>
      <origin>3998760</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2494" sha1="s1t29hroq4sl2gp8t87qqs1g6ls3z3x" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#if:{{#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio|/}}{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACENUMBER}}|14|/}}

	| {{Capsa paginae
		| 1 =

[[Fasciculus:Symbolum formularum.svg|22px|alt=|link=]] '''Hic sunt formulae, non paginae'''

Haec categoria '''non est pars encyclopaediae''', sed adhibetur tantummodo ad [[Auxilium:Formulae|formulas]] et subcategorias formularum colligendas.{{#invoke:params|
	excluding_non-numeric_names|
	trimming_values|
	with_value_not_matching||strict|
	renaming_by_calling|Secundum aliud spatium nominale|values_only|1|10|
	mapping_by_magic|NAMESPACENUMBER|names_only|
	entering_substack|
		with_value_matching|828|strict|
		detaching_substack|
		mapping_by_magic|PAGENAME|names_only|
		mapping_by_mixing|&amp;#123;&amp;#123;[[$#|&amp;#35;invoke:$@]]&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|
		snapshotting|
		scoring|a|in_substack|
	dropping_substack|
	snapshotting|entering_substack|
		with_value_matching|10|strict|
		detaching_substack|
		mapping_by_magic|PAGENAME|names_only|
		mapping_by_mixing|&amp;#123;&amp;#123;[[$#|$@]]&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|
	leaving_substack|
	snapshotting|entering_substack|
		with_value_matching|0|strict|
		detaching_substack|
		mapping_by_mixing|&amp;#123;&amp;#123;[[:$#|:$#]]&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|
	leaving_substack|
	mapping_by_mixing|&amp;#123;&amp;#123;[[:$#]]&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|
	flushing|
	flushing|
	scoring|b|in_substack|
	entering_substack|
		flushing|
		snapshotting|entering_substack|
			with_value_matching|0|
			detaching_substack|
		leaving_substack|
		snapshotting|entering_substack|
			with_value_matching|1|
			detaching_substack|
		leaving_substack|
		mapping_by_mixing|2|
		flushing|
		flushing|
		combining_values|h|alphabetically|h|x|
		mapping_by_magic|#switch|
			let|x01|formulā|
			let|x02|formulis|
			let|x10|modulo|
			let|x11|formulā moduloque|
			let|x12|formulis moduloque|
			let|x20|modulis|
			let|x21|formulā modulisque|
			let|x22|formulis modulisque|
		mapping_by_mixing| Nonnullae formulae hic numeratae $@ |
	leaving_substack|
	setting_by_flushing|
	flushing|
	setting|i/l/f|, | et | sua sponte stipantur.|
	all_sorted|
	list_values
}} {{#if:{{{descriptio|}}}
			|

Secundum descriptionem, collectioni est haec ratio:

{{Vitta sententiae
	| color = #fff
	| norma = media
	| 1 = {{{descriptio}}}
}}

		}}

	}}{{#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio||[[Categoria:Categoriae formularum Vicipaedianarum|{{#invoke:string|replace|{{lc:{{PAGENAME}}}}|^formulae%s+||1|false}}]]}}

	| {{Error|Error: Haec formula in categoriis tantum adhibenda est.}}

}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentatio}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>s1t29hroq4sl2gp8t87qqs1g6ls3z3x</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3998823</id>
      <parentid>3998760</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-03T07:49:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Efficacia</comment>
      <origin>3998823</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2503" sha1="ked97z9pp4cbccgmbff3l327pryj1k3" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#if:{{#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio|/}}{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACENUMBER}}|14|/}}

	| {{Capsa paginae
		| 1 =

[[Fasciculus:Symbolum formularum.svg|22px|alt=|link=]] '''Hic sunt formulae, non paginae'''

Haec categoria '''non est pars encyclopaediae''', sed adhibetur tantummodo ad [[Auxilium:Formulae|formulas]] et subcategorias formularum colligendas.{{#invoke:params|
	excluding_non-numeric_names|
	trimming_values|
	with_value_not_matching||strict|
	renaming_by_calling|Secundum aliud spatium nominale|values_only|1|10|
	mapping_by_magic|NAMESPACENUMBER|names_only|
	entering_substack|
		with_value_matching|828|strict|
		detaching_substack|
		mapping_by_magic|PAGENAME|names_only|
		mapping_by_mixing|&amp;#123;&amp;#123;[[$#|&amp;#35;invoke:$@]]&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|
		scoring|a|in_substack|
	leaving_substack|
	snapshotting|entering_substack|
		with_value_matching|10|strict|
		detaching_substack|
		mapping_by_magic|PAGENAME|names_only|
		mapping_by_mixing|&amp;#123;&amp;#123;[[$#|$@]]&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|
	leaving_substack|
	snapshotting|entering_substack|
		with_value_matching|0|strict|
		detaching_substack|
		mapping_by_mixing|&amp;#123;&amp;#123;[[:$#|:$#]]&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|
	leaving_substack|
	mapping_by_mixing|&amp;#123;&amp;#123;[[:$#]]&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|
	flushing|
	flushing|
	rearranging_substacks|2|
	scoring|b|in_substack|
	entering_substack|
		flushing|
		snapshotting|entering_substack|
			with_value_matching|0|
			detaching_substack|
		leaving_substack|
		snapshotting|entering_substack|
			with_value_matching|1|
			detaching_substack|
		leaving_substack|
		mapping_by_mixing|2|
		flushing|
		flushing|
		combining_values|h|alphabetically|h|x|
		mapping_by_magic|#switch|
			let|x01|formulā|
			let|x02|formulis|
			let|x10|modulo|
			let|x11|formulā moduloque|
			let|x12|formulis moduloque|
			let|x20|modulis|
			let|x21|formulā modulisque|
			let|x22|formulis modulisque|
		mapping_by_mixing| Nonnullae formulae hic numeratae $@ |
	leaving_substack|
	setting_by_flushing|
	flushing|
	setting|i/l/f|, | et | sua sponte stipantur.|
	all_sorted|
	list_values
}} {{#if:{{{descriptio|}}}
			|

Secundum descriptionem, collectioni est haec ratio:

{{Vitta sententiae
	| color = #fff
	| norma = media
	| 1 = {{{descriptio}}}
}}

		}}

	}}{{#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio||[[Categoria:Categoriae formularum Vicipaedianarum|{{#invoke:string|replace|{{lc:{{PAGENAME}}}}|^formulae%s+||1|false}}]]}}

	| {{Error|Error: Haec formula in categoriis tantum adhibenda est.}}

}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentatio}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ked97z9pp4cbccgmbff3l327pryj1k3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Categoria formularum/doc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>320847</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3998761</id>
      <parentid>3920163</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T23:01:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+{{[[Formula:Vicitextus concors|Vicitextus concors]]}}</comment>
      <origin>3998761</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1977" sha1="5vpqf6m1r7yq4m7yq8m55tow8xlkwzd" xml:space="preserve">{{Subpagina documentationis}}
{{Formula categoriae}}
{{Vicitextus concors
	| Categoria administrativa Vicipaediae
	| Categoria formularum
	| Categoria formulis quoque suppleta
	| Categoria modulorum
	| Categoria vestigatoria
}}
{{Lua|Modulus:Params|Modulus:String}}

Categoriae quae hanc formulam exhibent in [[:Categoria:Categoriae formularum Vicipaedianarum]] numerantur.

== De usu ==
'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoria formularum}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Categoria formularum|propositum=exhibitio}}

{{Ast}}

'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoria formularum|descriptio=Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres.}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Categoria formularum|descriptio=Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres.|propositum=exhibitio}}

{{Ast}}

'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoria formularum
	| Formula obsoleta
	| descriptio = Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres.
}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Categoria formularum
	| Formula obsoleta
	| descriptio = Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres.
	| propositum = exhibitio
}}

== Ulteriora si cupis ==
{{Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae|Categoriae formularum Vicipaedianarum}}
* {{Fn|Categoria modulorum}}
* {{Fn|Categoria administrativa Vicipaediae}}
* {{Fn|Categoria systematis MediaVicialis}}
* {{Fn|Categoria vestigatoria formularum}}
* {{Fn|Categoria formulis quoque suppleta}}
* {{Fn|Categoria vestigatoria modulorum}}

&lt;includeonly&gt;{{in harenario aut alibi||
&lt;!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --&gt;
[[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae quae seorsos versus creant|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae monituum nuntiorumque|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae quae cunctas paginas afficiunt|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae nexuales|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae variadicae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>5vpqf6m1r7yq4m7yq8m55tow8xlkwzd</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3998774</id>
      <parentid>3998761</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T23:12:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ulteriora si cupis */</comment>
      <origin>3998774</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1924" sha1="cz906i6uv58hqdxjzl8vkocgdh9mtmb" xml:space="preserve">{{Subpagina documentationis}}
{{Formula categoriae}}
{{Vicitextus concors
	| Categoria administrativa Vicipaediae
	| Categoria formularum
	| Categoria formulis quoque suppleta
	| Categoria modulorum
	| Categoria vestigatoria
}}
{{Lua|Modulus:Params|Modulus:String}}

Categoriae quae hanc formulam exhibent in [[:Categoria:Categoriae formularum Vicipaedianarum]] numerantur.

== De usu ==
'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoria formularum}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Categoria formularum|propositum=exhibitio}}

{{Ast}}

'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoria formularum|descriptio=Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres.}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Categoria formularum|descriptio=Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres.|propositum=exhibitio}}

{{Ast}}

'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoria formularum
	| Formula obsoleta
	| descriptio = Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres.
}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Categoria formularum
	| Formula obsoleta
	| descriptio = Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres.
	| propositum = exhibitio
}}

== Ulteriora si cupis ==
{{Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae|Categoriae formularum Vicipaedianarum}}
* {{Fn|Categoria modulorum}}
* {{Fn|Categoria administrativa Vicipaediae}}
* {{Fn|Categoria systematis MediaVicialis}}
* {{Fn|Categoria vestigatoria}}
* {{Fn|Categoria formulis quoque suppleta}}

&lt;includeonly&gt;{{in harenario aut alibi||
&lt;!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --&gt;
[[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae quae seorsos versus creant|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae monituum nuntiorumque|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae quae cunctas paginas afficiunt|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae nexuales|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae variadicae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>cz906i6uv58hqdxjzl8vkocgdh9mtmb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Categoria modulorum</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>320849</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3998762</id>
      <parentid>3918522</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T23:03:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>De aliis spatiis nominalibus</comment>
      <origin>3998762</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2469" sha1="o59nlzjepeyveqqar7xp9md2ogcnriz" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#if:{{#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio|/}}{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACENUMBER}}|14|/}}

	| {{Capsa paginae
		| 1 =

[[Fasciculus:Lua-Logo.svg|22px|alt=|link=]] '''Hic sunt moduli, non paginae'''

Haec categoria '''non est pars encyclopaediae''', sed adhibetur tantummodo ad [[Vicipaedia:Lua|modulos]] et subcategorias modulorum colligendos.{{#invoke:params|
	excluding_non-numeric_names|
	trimming_values|
	with_value_not_matching||strict|
	renaming_by_calling|Secundum aliud spatium nominale|values_only|1|10|
	mapping_by_magic|NAMESPACENUMBER|names_only|
	entering_substack|
		with_value_matching|828|strict|
		detaching_substack|
		mapping_by_magic|PAGENAME|names_only|
		mapping_by_mixing|&amp;#123;&amp;#123;[[$#|&amp;#35;invoke:$@]]&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|
		snapshotting|
		scoring|a|in_substack|
	dropping_substack|
	snapshotting|entering_substack|
		with_value_matching|10|strict|
		detaching_substack|
		mapping_by_magic|PAGENAME|names_only|
		mapping_by_mixing|&amp;#123;&amp;#123;[[$#|$@]]&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|
	leaving_substack|
	snapshotting|entering_substack|
		with_value_matching|0|strict|
		detaching_substack|
		mapping_by_mixing|&amp;#123;&amp;#123;[[:$#|:$#]]&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|
	leaving_substack|
	mapping_by_mixing|&amp;#123;&amp;#123;[[:$#]]&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|
	flushing|
	flushing|
	scoring|b|in_substack|
	entering_substack|
		flushing|
		snapshotting|entering_substack|
			with_value_matching|0|
			detaching_substack|
		leaving_substack|
		snapshotting|entering_substack|
			with_value_matching|1|
			detaching_substack|
		leaving_substack|
		mapping_by_mixing|2|
		flushing|
		flushing|
		combining_values|h|alphabetically|h|x|
		mapping_by_magic|#switch|
			let|x01|formulā|
			let|x02|formulis|
			let|x10|modulo|
			let|x11|formulā moduloque|
			let|x12|formulis moduloque|
			let|x20|modulis|
			let|x21|formulā modulisque|
			let|x22|formulis modulisque|
		mapping_by_mixing| Nonnulli moduli hic numerati $@ |
	leaving_substack|
	setting_by_flushing|
	flushing|
	setting|i/l/f|, | et | sua sponte stipantur.|
	all_sorted|
	list_values
}} {{#if:{{{descriptio|}}}
			|

Secundum descriptionem, collectioni est haec ratio:

{{Vitta sententiae
	| color = #fff
	| norma = media
	| 1 = {{{descriptio}}}
}}

		}}

	}}{{#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio||[[Categoria:Categoriae modulorum Vicipaedianorum|{{#invoke:string|replace|{{lc:{{PAGENAME}}}}|^moduli%s+||1|false}}]]}}

	| {{Error|Error: Haec formula in categoriis tantum adhibenda est.}}

}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentatio}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>o59nlzjepeyveqqar7xp9md2ogcnriz</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3998825</id>
      <parentid>3998762</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-03T07:51:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Efficacia</comment>
      <origin>3998825</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2478" sha1="29z9537fk12iie443kup6qej80q9ors" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#if:{{#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio|/}}{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACENUMBER}}|14|/}}

	| {{Capsa paginae
		| 1 =

[[Fasciculus:Lua-Logo.svg|22px|alt=|link=]] '''Hic sunt moduli, non paginae'''

Haec categoria '''non est pars encyclopaediae''', sed adhibetur tantummodo ad [[Vicipaedia:Lua|modulos]] et subcategorias modulorum colligendos.{{#invoke:params|
	excluding_non-numeric_names|
	trimming_values|
	with_value_not_matching||strict|
	renaming_by_calling|Secundum aliud spatium nominale|values_only|1|10|
	mapping_by_magic|NAMESPACENUMBER|names_only|
	entering_substack|
		with_value_matching|828|strict|
		detaching_substack|
		mapping_by_magic|PAGENAME|names_only|
		mapping_by_mixing|&amp;#123;&amp;#123;[[$#|&amp;#35;invoke:$@]]&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|
		scoring|a|in_substack|
	leaving_substack|
	snapshotting|entering_substack|
		with_value_matching|10|strict|
		detaching_substack|
		mapping_by_magic|PAGENAME|names_only|
		mapping_by_mixing|&amp;#123;&amp;#123;[[$#|$@]]&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|
	leaving_substack|
	snapshotting|entering_substack|
		with_value_matching|0|strict|
		detaching_substack|
		mapping_by_mixing|&amp;#123;&amp;#123;[[:$#|:$#]]&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|
	leaving_substack|
	mapping_by_mixing|&amp;#123;&amp;#123;[[:$#]]&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|
	flushing|
	flushing|
	rearranging_substacks|2|
	scoring|b|in_substack|
	entering_substack|
		flushing|
		snapshotting|entering_substack|
			with_value_matching|0|
			detaching_substack|
		leaving_substack|
		snapshotting|entering_substack|
			with_value_matching|1|
			detaching_substack|
		leaving_substack|
		mapping_by_mixing|2|
		flushing|
		flushing|
		combining_values|h|alphabetically|h|x|
		mapping_by_magic|#switch|
			let|x01|formulā|
			let|x02|formulis|
			let|x10|modulo|
			let|x11|formulā moduloque|
			let|x12|formulis moduloque|
			let|x20|modulis|
			let|x21|formulā modulisque|
			let|x22|formulis modulisque|
		mapping_by_mixing| Nonnulli moduli hic numerati $@ |
	leaving_substack|
	setting_by_flushing|
	flushing|
	setting|i/l/f|, | et | sua sponte stipantur.|
	all_sorted|
	list_values
}} {{#if:{{{descriptio|}}}
			|

Secundum descriptionem, collectioni est haec ratio:

{{Vitta sententiae
	| color = #fff
	| norma = media
	| 1 = {{{descriptio}}}
}}

		}}

	}}{{#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio||[[Categoria:Categoriae modulorum Vicipaedianorum|{{#invoke:string|replace|{{lc:{{PAGENAME}}}}|^moduli%s+||1|false}}]]}}

	| {{Error|Error: Haec formula in categoriis tantum adhibenda est.}}

}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentatio}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>29z9537fk12iie443kup6qej80q9ors</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Categoria modulorum/doc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>320851</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3998763</id>
      <parentid>3920164</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T23:03:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+{{[[Formula:Vicitextus concors|Vicitextus concors]]}}</comment>
      <origin>3998763</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1974" sha1="k4i5rvwcxjfylnabvqjvgdz99ablgzv" xml:space="preserve">{{Subpagina documentationis}}
{{Formula categoriae}}
{{Vicitextus concors
	| Categoria administrativa Vicipaediae
	| Categoria formularum
	| Categoria formulis quoque suppleta
	| Categoria modulorum
	| Categoria vestigatoria
}}
{{Lua|Modulus:Params|Modulus:String}}

Categoriae quae hanc formulam exhibent in [[:Categoria:Categoriae modulorum Vicipaedianorum]] numerantur.

== De usu ==
'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoria modulorum}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Categoria modulorum|propositum=exhibitio}}

{{Ast}}

'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoria modulorum|descriptio=Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres.}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Categoria modulorum|descriptio=Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres.|propositum=exhibitio}}

{{Ast}}

'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoria modulorum
	| Modulus tabularius
	| descriptio = Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres.
}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Categoria modulorum
	| Modulus tabularius
	| descriptio = Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres.
	| propositum = exhibitio
}}

== Ulteriora si cupis ==
{{Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae|Categoriae modulorum Vicipaedianorum}}
* {{Fn|Categoria formularum}}
* {{Fn|Categoria administrativa Vicipaediae}}
* {{Fn|Categoria systematis MediaVicialis}}
* {{Fn|Categoria formulis quoque suppleta}}
* {{Fn|Categoria vestigatoria formularum}}
* {{Fn|Categoria vestigatoria modulorum}}

&lt;includeonly&gt;{{in harenario aut alibi||
&lt;!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --&gt;
[[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae quae seorsos versus creant|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae monituum nuntiorumque|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae quae cunctas paginas afficiunt|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae nexuales|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae variadicae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>k4i5rvwcxjfylnabvqjvgdz99ablgzv</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3998775</id>
      <parentid>3998763</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T23:12:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ulteriora si cupis */</comment>
      <origin>3998775</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1921" sha1="jv0c18mavoab9707ov1ls8rhkodc74k" xml:space="preserve">{{Subpagina documentationis}}
{{Formula categoriae}}
{{Vicitextus concors
	| Categoria administrativa Vicipaediae
	| Categoria formularum
	| Categoria formulis quoque suppleta
	| Categoria modulorum
	| Categoria vestigatoria
}}
{{Lua|Modulus:Params|Modulus:String}}

Categoriae quae hanc formulam exhibent in [[:Categoria:Categoriae modulorum Vicipaedianorum]] numerantur.

== De usu ==
'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoria modulorum}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Categoria modulorum|propositum=exhibitio}}

{{Ast}}

'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoria modulorum|descriptio=Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres.}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Categoria modulorum|descriptio=Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres.|propositum=exhibitio}}

{{Ast}}

'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoria modulorum
	| Modulus tabularius
	| descriptio = Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres.
}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Categoria modulorum
	| Modulus tabularius
	| descriptio = Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres.
	| propositum = exhibitio
}}

== Ulteriora si cupis ==
{{Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae|Categoriae modulorum Vicipaedianorum}}
* {{Fn|Categoria formularum}}
* {{Fn|Categoria administrativa Vicipaediae}}
* {{Fn|Categoria systematis MediaVicialis}}
* {{Fn|Categoria formulis quoque suppleta}}
* {{Fn|Categoria vestigatoria}}

&lt;includeonly&gt;{{in harenario aut alibi||
&lt;!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --&gt;
[[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae quae seorsos versus creant|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae monituum nuntiorumque|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae quae cunctas paginas afficiunt|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae nexuales|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae variadicae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>jv0c18mavoab9707ov1ls8rhkodc74k</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Thesaurus veterum formularum/Categoria vestigatoria modulorum</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>320852</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3998767</id>
      <parentid>3981167</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T23:07:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Grufo movit paginam [[Formula:Categoria vestigatoria modulorum]] ad [[Formula:Thesaurus veterum formularum/Categoria vestigatoria modulorum]] sine redirectione: Formula non iam necessariam in tabularium veterum formularum posui</comment>
      <origin>3981167</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1146" sha1="qafhxl0ice2uoy4cwiwqd0doi7klngo" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#if:{{#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio|/}}{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACENUMBER}}|14|/}}

	| {{Capsa paginae
		| 1 =

[[Fasciculus:Lua-Logo.svg|22px|alt=|link=]] '''Categoria vestigatoria modulorum'''

Haec categoria adhibetur ad salutem encyclopaediae curandam custodiendamque, sed '''non est pars encyclopaediae'''. Paginae et subcategoriae hic numeratae{{#invoke:params|
			all_sorted|
			excluding_non-numeric_names|
			trimming_values|
			with_value_not_matching||strict|
			mapping_by_magic|lcfirst|
			setting|h/i/l| modul{{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:params|excluding_non-numeric_names|with_value_not_matching|^%s*$|count}} &gt; 1|is|o}} |, | et |
			for_each|&amp;#123;&amp;#123;[[:Modulus:$@|&amp;#35;invoke:$@]]&amp;#125;&amp;#125;}} sponte stipantur et '''non sunt huc manu addendae'''. {{#if:{{{descriptio|}}}
			|

Secundum descriptionem, collectioni est haec ratio:

{{Vitta sententiae
	| color = #fff
	| norma = media
	| 1 = {{{descriptio}}}
}}

		}}

	}}{{#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio||[[Categoria:Categoriae vestigatoriae]]}}

	| {{Error|Error: Haec formula in categoriis tantum adhibenda est.}}

}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentatio}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>qafhxl0ice2uoy4cwiwqd0doi7klngo</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Thesaurus veterum formularum/Categoria vestigatoria modulorum/doc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>320853</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3998768</id>
      <parentid>3986006</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T23:07:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Grufo movit paginam [[Formula:Categoria vestigatoria modulorum/doc]] ad [[Formula:Thesaurus veterum formularum/Categoria vestigatoria modulorum/doc]] sine redirectione: Formula non iam necessariam in tabularium veterum formularum posui</comment>
      <origin>3986006</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2115" sha1="4fho4tei9zfprz1rcf91njv6d8u9pxc" xml:space="preserve">{{Subpagina documentationis}}
{{Formula categoriae}}
{{Vicitextus concors
	| Categoria vestigatoria formularum
	| Categoria vestigatoria modulorum
	| Categoria administrativa Vicipaediae
}}
{{Lua|Modulus:Params}}

Categoriae quae hanc formulam exhibent in [[:Categoria:Categoriae vestigatoriae]] numerantur.

== De usu ==
'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoria vestigatoria modulorum|Val}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Categoria vestigatoria modulorum|Val|propositum=exhibitio}}

{{Ast}}

'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoria vestigatoria modulorum
	| String
	| Val
}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Categoria vestigatoria modulorum
	| String
	| Val
	| propositum = exhibitio
}}

{{Ast}}

'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoria vestigatoria modulorum
	| String
	| Val
	| descriptio = Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres.
}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Categoria vestigatoria modulorum
	| String
	| Val
	| descriptio = Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres.
	| propositum = exhibitio
}}

{{Ast}}

'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoria vestigatoria modulorum}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Categoria vestigatoria modulorum|propositum=exhibitio}}

== Ulteriora si cupis ==
{{Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae|Categoriae vestigatoriae}}
* {{Fn|Categoria vestigatoria formularum}}
* {{Fn|Categoria formulis quoque suppleta}}
* {{Fn|Categoria administrativa Vicipaediae}}
* {{Fn|Categoria systematis MediaVicialis}}
* {{Fn|Categoria formularum}}
* {{Fn|Categoria modulorum}}

&lt;includeonly&gt;{{in harenario aut alibi||
&lt;!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --&gt;
[[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae quae seorsos versus creant|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae monituum nuntiorumque|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae quae cunctas paginas afficiunt|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae nexuales|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae variadicae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>4fho4tei9zfprz1rcf91njv6d8u9pxc</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3998769</id>
      <parentid>3998768</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T23:08:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Documentationem redintegravi</comment>
      <origin>3998769</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2210" sha1="nv2nzp6msexpl206932qazxmmj443zo" xml:space="preserve">{{Subpagina documentationis}}
{{Formula categoriae}}
{{Lua|Modulus:Params}}

Categoriae quae hanc formulam exhibent in [[:Categoria:Categoriae vestigatoriae]] numerantur.

== De usu ==
'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Thesaurus veterum formularum/Categoria vestigatoria modulorum|Val}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Thesaurus veterum formularum/Categoria vestigatoria modulorum|Val|propositum=exhibitio}}

{{Ast}}

'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Thesaurus veterum formularum/Categoria vestigatoria modulorum
	| String
	| Val
}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Thesaurus veterum formularum/Categoria vestigatoria modulorum
	| String
	| Val
	| propositum = exhibitio
}}

{{Ast}}

'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Thesaurus veterum formularum/Categoria vestigatoria modulorum
	| String
	| Val
	| descriptio = Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres.
}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Thesaurus veterum formularum/Categoria vestigatoria modulorum
	| String
	| Val
	| descriptio = Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres.
	| propositum = exhibitio
}}

{{Ast}}

'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Thesaurus veterum formularum/Categoria vestigatoria modulorum}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Thesaurus veterum formularum/Categoria vestigatoria modulorum|propositum=exhibitio}}

== Ulteriora si cupis ==
{{Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae|Categoriae vestigatoriae}}
* {{Fn|Categoria vestigatoria formularum}}
* {{Fn|Categoria formulis quoque suppleta}}
* {{Fn|Categoria administrativa Vicipaediae}}
* {{Fn|Categoria systematis MediaVicialis}}
* {{Fn|Categoria formularum}}
* {{Fn|Categoria modulorum}}

&lt;includeonly&gt;{{in harenario aut alibi||
&lt;!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --&gt;
[[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae quae seorsos versus creant|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae monituum nuntiorumque|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae quae cunctas paginas afficiunt|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae nexuales|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae variadicae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>nv2nzp6msexpl206932qazxmmj443zo</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Categoriae vestigatoriae</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>320965</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3998813</id>
      <parentid>3991850</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-03T07:40:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Grufo movit paginam [[Formula:Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae]] ad [[Formula:Categoriae vestigatoriae]]: Nomen simplicius</comment>
      <origin>3991850</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4606" sha1="pzs31o3f0g8zg67yfd9txp6xrvte4og" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACENUMBER}}|10
	| {{Capsa lateralis
		| imago = Nuvola filesystems folder template.svg
		| ancora = {{{ancora|}}}
		| 1 =

'''Categoriae vestigatoriae'''

Haec formula [[:Categoria:Categoriae vestigatoriae|categoriis vestigatoriis]] utitu{{#invoke:params|
			excluding_non-numeric_names|
			renaming_by_mixing|$@|
			renaming_by_replacing|^([^#]-)%s*#.*$|%1|1|
			discarding||
			mapping_by_replacing|^[^#]+$||1|
			mapping_by_replacing|[^#]*#%s*(.-)%s*$|%1|1|
			snapshotting|entering_substack|
				with_name_matching|^:|
				snapshotting|entering_substack|
					mapping_by_magic|NAMESPACENUMBER|names_only|
					with_value_not_matching|0|strict|
					detaching_substack|
				dropping_substack|
				detaching_substack|
				renaming_by_magic|FULLPAGENAME|
				snapshotting|entering_substack|
					with_value_not_matching||strict|
					mapping_by_calling|Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae/optiones|names_and_values_as|pagina|optiones|let|ns|0|let|propositum|{{{propositum|}}}|
				merging_substack|
				mapping_by_mixing|{{[[$#|:$#]]}}$@|
			leaving_substack|
			snapshotting|entering_substack|
				snapshotting|entering_substack|
					mapping_by_magic|NAMESPACENUMBER|names_only|
					snapshotting|
					snapshotting|
					snapshotting|
					snapshotting|
					with_value_matching|14|strict|
					detaching_substack|
				dropping_substack|
				detaching_substack|
				snapshotting|entering_substack|
					entering_substack|
						with_value_matching|0|strict|
						detaching_substack|
					dropping_substack|
					detaching_substack|
					snapshotting|entering_substack|
						entering_substack|
							with_value_matching|10|strict|
							detaching_substack|
						dropping_substack|
						detaching_substack|
						snapshotting|entering_substack|
							entering_substack|
								with_value_matching|828|strict|
								detaching_substack|
							dropping_substack|
							detaching_substack|
							entering_substack|
								with_value_matching||strict|
								detaching_substack|
							dropping_substack|
							renaming_by_magic|FULLPAGENAME|names_only|
							snapshotting|entering_substack|
								with_value_not_matching||strict|
								mapping_by_calling|Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae/optiones|names_and_values_as|pagina|optiones|let|ns||let|propositum|{{{propositum|}}}|
							merging_substack|
							mapping_by_mixing|{{[[$#]]}}$@|
							flushing|
						leaving_substack|
						renaming_by_magic|PAGENAME|names_only|
						snapshotting|entering_substack|
							with_value_not_matching||strict|
							mapping_by_calling|Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae/optiones|names_and_values_as|pagina|optiones|let|ns|828|let|propositum|{{{propositum|}}}|
						merging_substack|
						mapping_by_mixing|{{[[Modulus:$#|#invoke:$#]]}}$@|
						flushing|
					leaving_substack|
					renaming_by_magic|PAGENAME|names_only|
					snapshotting|entering_substack|
						with_value_not_matching||strict|
						mapping_by_calling|Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae/optiones|names_and_values_as|pagina|optiones|let|ns|10|let|propositum|{{{propositum|}}}|
					merging_substack|
					mapping_by_mixing|{{[[Formula:$#|$#]]}}$@|
					flushing|
					combining_values|2|naturally|h/i/f|his formulis vel modulis praebentur:
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;|&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;|&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;|
					with_value_not_matching||strict|
					snapshotting|
					mixing_names_and_values|h|r, quae |
				leaving_substack|
				renaming_by_mixing|Categoria:$#|
			merging_substack|
			snapshotting|entering_substack|
				with_value_not_matching||strict|
				detaching_substack|
				mapping_by_calling|Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae/optiones|names_and_values_as|pagina|optiones|let|ns|14|let|propositum|{{{propositum|}}}|
			leaving_substack|
			evaluating|{{#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio
				|
				| {{in harenario aut alibi
					| 1 =
					| 2 = mapping_by_mixing // [[$#|!]]
				}}
			}}|trim_all|setter_string||splitter_string|//|
			flushing|
			mapping_by_mixing|[[:$#]]$@|
			combining_values|1|naturally|h/i/f|
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;|&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;|&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;|
			snapshotting|entering_substack|
				mapping_by_mixing|r:|
				flushing|
				reassigning|1|h|rename|
				providing|h|r.|
				reassigning|h|n|copy|
			leaving_substack|
			setting_by_flushing|
			flushing|
			setting|i|

Nonnullae categoriae etiam |
			list_values
		}}{{#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio
			|
			| {{in harenario aut alibi||[[Categoria:Formulae quae categoriis vestigatoriis utuntur|{{PAGENAME}}]]}}
		}}

	}}
	| {{Error|Error: Haec formula tantummodo in spatio nominali formularum adhibenda est.}}
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentatio}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>pzs31o3f0g8zg67yfd9txp6xrvte4og</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3998817</id>
      <parentid>3998813</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-03T07:41:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Formulam redintegravi</comment>
      <origin>3998817</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4602" sha1="6n717f8nkrpdlxez6hv6o8lg25ts38z" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACENUMBER}}|10
	| {{Capsa lateralis
		| imago = Nuvola filesystems folder template.svg
		| ancora = {{{ancora|}}}
		| 1 =

'''Categoriae vestigatoriae'''

{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACENUMBER}}|828|Hic moculus|Haec formula}} [[:Categoria:Categoriae vestigatoriae|categoriis vestigatoriis]] utitu{{#invoke:params|
			excluding_non-numeric_names|
			renaming_by_mixing|$@|
			renaming_by_replacing|^([^#]-)%s*#.*$|%1|1|
			discarding||
			mapping_by_replacing|^[^#]+$||1|
			mapping_by_replacing|[^#]*#%s*(.-)%s*$|%1|1|
			snapshotting|entering_substack|
				with_name_matching|^:|
				snapshotting|entering_substack|
					mapping_by_magic|NAMESPACENUMBER|names_only|
					with_value_not_matching|0|strict|
					detaching_substack|
				dropping_substack|
				detaching_substack|
				renaming_by_magic|FULLPAGENAME|
				snapshotting|entering_substack|
					with_value_not_matching||strict|
					mapping_by_calling|Categoriae vestigatoriae/optiones|names_and_values_as|pagina|optiones|let|ns|0|let|propositum|{{{propositum|}}}|
				merging_substack|
				mapping_by_mixing|{{[[$#|:$#]]}}$@|
			leaving_substack|
			snapshotting|entering_substack|
				snapshotting|entering_substack|
					mapping_by_magic|NAMESPACENUMBER|names_only|
					snapshotting|
					snapshotting|
					snapshotting|
					snapshotting|
					with_value_matching|14|strict|
					detaching_substack|
				dropping_substack|
				detaching_substack|
				snapshotting|entering_substack|
					entering_substack|
						with_value_matching|0|strict|
						detaching_substack|
					dropping_substack|
					detaching_substack|
					snapshotting|entering_substack|
						entering_substack|
							with_value_matching|10|strict|
							detaching_substack|
						dropping_substack|
						detaching_substack|
						snapshotting|entering_substack|
							entering_substack|
								with_value_matching|828|strict|
								detaching_substack|
							dropping_substack|
							detaching_substack|
							entering_substack|
								with_value_matching||strict|
								detaching_substack|
							dropping_substack|
							renaming_by_magic|FULLPAGENAME|names_only|
							snapshotting|entering_substack|
								with_value_not_matching||strict|
								mapping_by_calling|Categoriae vestigatoriae/optiones|names_and_values_as|pagina|optiones|let|ns||let|propositum|{{{propositum|}}}|
							merging_substack|
							mapping_by_mixing|{{[[$#]]}}$@|
							flushing|
						leaving_substack|
						renaming_by_magic|PAGENAME|names_only|
						snapshotting|entering_substack|
							with_value_not_matching||strict|
							mapping_by_calling|Categoriae vestigatoriae/optiones|names_and_values_as|pagina|optiones|let|ns|828|let|propositum|{{{propositum|}}}|
						merging_substack|
						mapping_by_mixing|{{[[Modulus:$#|#invoke:$#]]}}$@|
						flushing|
					leaving_substack|
					renaming_by_magic|PAGENAME|names_only|
					snapshotting|entering_substack|
						with_value_not_matching||strict|
						mapping_by_calling|Categoriae vestigatoriae/optiones|names_and_values_as|pagina|optiones|let|ns|10|let|propositum|{{{propositum|}}}|
					merging_substack|
					mapping_by_mixing|{{[[Formula:$#|$#]]}}$@|
					flushing|
					combining_values|2|naturally|h/i/f|his formulis modulisve praebentur:
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;|&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;|&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;|
					with_value_not_matching||strict|
					snapshotting|
					mixing_names_and_values|h|r, quae |
				leaving_substack|
				renaming_by_mixing|Categoria:$#|
			merging_substack|
			snapshotting|entering_substack|
				with_value_not_matching||strict|
				detaching_substack|
				mapping_by_calling|Categoriae vestigatoriae/optiones|names_and_values_as|pagina|optiones|let|ns|14|let|propositum|{{{propositum|}}}|
			leaving_substack|
			evaluating|{{#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio
				|
				| {{in harenario aut alibi
					| 1 =
					| 2 = mapping_by_mixing // [[$#|!]]
				}}
			}}|trim_all|setter_string||splitter_string|//|
			flushing|
			mapping_by_mixing|[[:$#]]$@|
			combining_values|1|naturally|h/i/f|
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;|&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;|&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;|
			snapshotting|entering_substack|
				mapping_by_mixing|r:|
				flushing|
				reassigning|1|h|rename|
				providing|h|r.|
				reassigning|h|n|copy|
			leaving_substack|
			setting_by_flushing|
			flushing|
			setting|i|

Nonnullae categoriae etiam |
			list_values
		}}

	}}{{#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio
		|
		| {{in harenario aut alibi||[[Categoria:Formulae quae categoriis vestigatoriis utuntur|{{PAGENAME}}]]}}
	}}
	| {{Error|Error: Haec formula tantummodo in spatio nominali formularum adhibenda est.}}
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentatio}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>6n717f8nkrpdlxez6hv6o8lg25ts38z</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3998819</id>
      <parentid>3998817</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-03T07:44:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Minutiae</comment>
      <origin>3998819</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4380" sha1="jmuo1z9ngshx2g38t7vz0a7ej27khde" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACENUMBER}}|10
	| {{Capsa lateralis
		| imago = Nuvola filesystems folder template.svg
		| ancora = {{{ancora|}}}
		| 1 =

'''Categoriae vestigatoriae'''

{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACENUMBER}}|828|Hic modulus|Haec formula}} [[:Categoria:Categoriae vestigatoriae|categoriis vestigatoriis]] utitu{{#invoke:params|
	excluding_non-numeric_names|
	renaming_by_mixing|$@|
	renaming_by_replacing|^([^#]-)%s*#.*$|%1|1|
	discarding||
	mapping_by_replacing|^[^#]+$||1|
	mapping_by_replacing|[^#]*#%s*(.-)%s*$|%1|1|
	snapshotting|entering_substack|
		with_name_matching|^:|
		snapshotting|entering_substack|
			mapping_by_magic|NAMESPACENUMBER|names_only|
			with_value_not_matching|0|strict|
			detaching_substack|
		dropping_substack|
		detaching_substack|
		renaming_by_magic|FULLPAGENAME|
		snapshotting|entering_substack|
			with_value_not_matching||strict|
			mapping_by_calling|Categoriae vestigatoriae/optiones|names_and_values_as|pagina|optiones|let|ns|0|let|propositum|{{{propositum|}}}|
		merging_substack|
		mapping_by_mixing|{{[[$#|:$#]]}}$@|
	leaving_substack|
	snapshotting|entering_substack|
		snapshotting|entering_substack|
			mapping_by_magic|NAMESPACENUMBER|names_only|
			snapshotting|
			snapshotting|
			snapshotting|
			snapshotting|
			with_value_matching|14|strict|
			detaching_substack|
		dropping_substack|
		detaching_substack|
		snapshotting|entering_substack|
			entering_substack|
				with_value_matching|0|strict|
				detaching_substack|
			dropping_substack|
			detaching_substack|
			snapshotting|entering_substack|
				entering_substack|
					with_value_matching|10|strict|
					detaching_substack|
				dropping_substack|
				detaching_substack|
				snapshotting|entering_substack|
					entering_substack|
						with_value_matching|828|strict|
						detaching_substack|
					dropping_substack|
					detaching_substack|
					entering_substack|
						with_value_matching||strict|
						detaching_substack|
					dropping_substack|
					renaming_by_magic|FULLPAGENAME|names_only|
					snapshotting|entering_substack|
						with_value_not_matching||strict|
						mapping_by_calling|Categoriae vestigatoriae/optiones|names_and_values_as|pagina|optiones|let|ns||let|propositum|{{{propositum|}}}|
					merging_substack|
					mapping_by_mixing|{{[[$#]]}}$@|
					flushing|
				leaving_substack|
				renaming_by_magic|PAGENAME|names_only|
				snapshotting|entering_substack|
					with_value_not_matching||strict|
					mapping_by_calling|Categoriae vestigatoriae/optiones|names_and_values_as|pagina|optiones|let|ns|828|let|propositum|{{{propositum|}}}|
				merging_substack|
				mapping_by_mixing|{{[[Modulus:$#|#invoke:$#]]}}$@|
				flushing|
			leaving_substack|
			renaming_by_magic|PAGENAME|names_only|
			snapshotting|entering_substack|
				with_value_not_matching||strict|
				mapping_by_calling|Categoriae vestigatoriae/optiones|names_and_values_as|pagina|optiones|let|ns|10|let|propositum|{{{propositum|}}}|
			merging_substack|
			mapping_by_mixing|{{[[Formula:$#|$#]]}}$@|
			flushing|
			combining_values|2|naturally|h/i/f|his formulis modulisve praebentur:
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;|&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;|&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;|
			with_value_not_matching||strict|
			snapshotting|
			mixing_names_and_values|h|r, quae |
		leaving_substack|
		renaming_by_mixing|Categoria:$#|
	merging_substack|
	snapshotting|entering_substack|
		with_value_not_matching||strict|
		detaching_substack|
		mapping_by_calling|Categoriae vestigatoriae/optiones|names_and_values_as|pagina|optiones|let|ns|14|let|propositum|{{{propositum|}}}|
	leaving_substack|
	evaluating|{{#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio
		|
		| {{in harenario aut alibi
			| 1 =
			| 2 = mapping_by_mixing // [[$#|!]]
		}}
	}}|trim_all|setter_string||splitter_string|//|
	flushing|
	mapping_by_mixing|[[:$#]]$@|
	combining_values|1|naturally|h/i/f|
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;|&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;|&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;|
	snapshotting|entering_substack|
		mapping_by_mixing|r:|
		flushing|
		reassigning|1|h|rename|
		providing|h|r.|
		reassigning|h|n|copy|
	leaving_substack|
	setting_by_flushing|
	flushing|
	setting|i|

Nonnullae categoriae etiam |
	list_values
}}

	}}{{#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio
		|
		| {{in harenario aut alibi||[[Categoria:Formulae quae categoriis vestigatoriis utuntur|{{PAGENAME}}]]}}
	}}
	| {{Error|Error: Haec formula tantummodo in spatio nominali formularum adhibenda est.}}
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentatio}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>jmuo1z9ngshx2g38t7vz0a7ej27khde</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Categoriae vestigatoriae/doc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>320966</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3998816</id>
      <parentid>3994267</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-03T07:41:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Grufo movit paginam [[Formula:Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae/doc]] ad [[Formula:Categoriae vestigatoriae/doc]] sine redirectione: Nomen simplicius</comment>
      <origin>3994267</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4322" sha1="8py00fp3pg6qhsr17lzmtk3gmgf5b6d" xml:space="preserve">{{Subpagina documentationis}}
{{Lua|Params}}

Formulae quae hanc capsam '''in suis paginis documentationis''' ostendunt categoriis quoque per eam numeratis addentur, atque in [[:Categoria:Formulae quae categoriis vestigatoriis utuntur]] numerabuntur.

== De usu ==
'''Vicitextus:'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae
	| Paginae cum nexibus ad Vicidata nectendis
	| Paginae quae recensionem vacuam exspectant
	| Paginae quae ad paginas interviciales sine Vicidatis nectuntur
}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus (apud marginem dextrum):'''

{|
|-
| {{Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae|propositum=exhibitio
	| Paginae cum nexibus ad Vicidata nectendis
	| Paginae quae recensionem vacuam exspectant
	| Paginae quae ad paginas interviciales sine Vicidatis nectuntur
}}
|}

{{Ast}}

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus (apud marginem dextrum):'''

{|
|-
| {{Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae|propositum=exhibitio}}
|}

{{Ast}}

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae
	| Deletiones celeres propositae # tacite, infeliciter
	| Deletiones propositae # tacite, infeliciter
	| Formula:Categoriae hominis Vicidatorum
	| Paginae cum nexibus ad Vicidata nectendis # infeliciter
	| Paginae quae recensionem vacuam exspectant # caduciter
	| Paginae quae ad paginas interviciales sine Vicidatis nectuntur # infeliciter
	| ancora = de-categoriis-vestigatoriis
}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus (apud marginem dextrum):'''

{|
|-
| {{Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae|propositum=exhibitio
	| Deletiones celeres propositae # tacite, infeliciter
	| Deletiones propositae # tacite, infeliciter
	| Formula:Categoriae hominis Vicidatorum
	| Paginae cum nexibus ad Vicidata nectendis # infeliciter
	| Paginae quae recensionem vacuam exspectant # caduciter
	| Paginae quae ad paginas interviciales sine Vicidatis nectuntur # infeliciter
	| ancora = de-categoriis-vestigatoriis
}}
|}

=== De syntaxi ===
Haec formula argumenta positionalia hoc modo exspectat:

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae
	| ...
	| Nomen [# optio[, optio[, ...]]]
	| ...
}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

Quodque ''Nomen'' cui nullum sit spatium nominale categoriam &lt;code&gt;Categoria:''Nomen''&lt;/code&gt; designat. Si autem ''Nomen'' spatium nominale iam continet, ipsum spatium servabitur. Colon praepositum (&lt;code&gt;:&lt;/code&gt;) praefixum &lt;code&gt;Categoria:&lt;/code&gt;, quod tacite addendum esset, supprimit. Titulus ita effectus deinde secundum spatium nominale MediaViciale, ad quod revera pertinet, distinguetur. In summa:

&lt;pre&gt;Foo            → Categoria:Foo
:Foo           → Foo
Formula:Foo    → Formula:Foo
:Formula:Foo   → Formula:Foo&lt;/pre&gt;

Formula haec separat:
* categorias
* formulas
* modulos
* paginas in aliis spatiis nominalibus sitas

Demum titulos, ordine naturali dispositos, ad formam ostendendam reconstruit.

=== Optiones ===

Hae optiones acceptantur:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Optio
! Effectus
|-
| &lt;code&gt;tacite&lt;/code&gt;
| Ipsa formula in categoria non ostenditur.
|-
| &lt;code&gt;infeliciter&lt;/code&gt;
| In categoria corrigenda colliguntur.
|-
| &lt;code&gt;caduciter&lt;/code&gt;
| Categoria caduciter (interim, pro tempore) adhibetur.
|}

== Subformulae auxiliares ==
* {{relfn|Formula:Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae/optiones}}

== Ulteriora si cupis ==
{{Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae|Formulae quae categoriis vestigatoriis utuntur|propositum=exhibitio}}
* [[:Categoria:Categoriae vestigatoriae]]
* {{Fn|Categoria vestigatoria formularum}}
* {{Fn|Categoria formulis quoque suppleta}}
* {{Fn|Categoria administrativa Vicipaediae}}
* {{Fn|Formula saepe in paginis harum categoriarum adhibita}}
* {{Fn|Metaformula quoque}}
* {{Fn|Metaformula tantum}}

&lt;includeonly&gt;{{in harenario aut alibi||
&lt;!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --&gt;
[[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae quae seorsos versus creant|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae administrationis Vicipaediae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae monituum nuntiorumque|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae documentationis|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae marginales|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae variadicae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae nexuales|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae quae categoriis vestigatoriis utuntur|!]]
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>8py00fp3pg6qhsr17lzmtk3gmgf5b6d</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3998818</id>
      <parentid>3998816</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-03T07:42:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Documentationem redintegravi</comment>
      <origin>3998818</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4241" sha1="ol3dinuxgtetklci933dn5dkl5tefjr" xml:space="preserve">{{Subpagina documentationis}}
{{Lua|Params}}

Formulae quae hanc capsam '''in suis paginis documentationis''' ostendunt categoriis quoque per eam numeratis addentur, atque in [[:Categoria:Formulae quae categoriis vestigatoriis utuntur]] numerabuntur.

== De usu ==
'''Vicitextus:'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoriae vestigatoriae
	| Paginae cum nexibus ad Vicidata nectendis
	| Paginae quae recensionem vacuam exspectant
	| Paginae quae ad paginas interviciales sine Vicidatis nectuntur
}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus (apud marginem dextrum):'''

{|
|-
| {{Categoriae vestigatoriae|propositum=exhibitio
	| Paginae cum nexibus ad Vicidata nectendis
	| Paginae quae recensionem vacuam exspectant
	| Paginae quae ad paginas interviciales sine Vicidatis nectuntur
}}
|}

{{Ast}}

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoriae vestigatoriae}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus (apud marginem dextrum):'''

{|
|-
| {{Categoriae vestigatoriae|propositum=exhibitio}}
|}

{{Ast}}

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoriae vestigatoriae
	| Deletiones celeres propositae # tacite, infeliciter
	| Deletiones propositae # tacite, infeliciter
	| Formula:Categoriae hominis Vicidatorum
	| Paginae cum nexibus ad Vicidata nectendis # infeliciter
	| Paginae quae recensionem vacuam exspectant # caduciter
	| Paginae quae ad paginas interviciales sine Vicidatis nectuntur # infeliciter
	| ancora = de-categoriis-vestigatoriis
}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus (apud marginem dextrum):'''

{|
|-
| {{Categoriae vestigatoriae|propositum=exhibitio
	| Deletiones celeres propositae # tacite, infeliciter
	| Deletiones propositae # tacite, infeliciter
	| Formula:Categoriae hominis Vicidatorum
	| Paginae cum nexibus ad Vicidata nectendis # infeliciter
	| Paginae quae recensionem vacuam exspectant # caduciter
	| Paginae quae ad paginas interviciales sine Vicidatis nectuntur # infeliciter
	| ancora = de-categoriis-vestigatoriis
}}
|}

=== De syntaxi ===
Haec formula argumenta positionalia hoc modo exspectat:

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoriae vestigatoriae
	| ...
	| Nomen [# optio[, optio[, ...]]]
	| ...
}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

Quodque ''Nomen'' cui nullum sit spatium nominale categoriam &lt;code&gt;Categoria:''Nomen''&lt;/code&gt; designat. Si autem ''Nomen'' spatium nominale iam continet, ipsum spatium servabitur. Colon praepositum (&lt;code&gt;:&lt;/code&gt;) praefixum &lt;code&gt;Categoria:&lt;/code&gt;, quod tacite addendum esset, supprimit. Titulus ita effectus deinde secundum spatium nominale MediaViciale, ad quod revera pertinet, distinguetur. In summa:

&lt;pre&gt;Foo            → Categoria:Foo
:Foo           → Foo
Formula:Foo    → Formula:Foo
:Formula:Foo   → Formula:Foo&lt;/pre&gt;

Formula haec separat:
* categorias
* formulas
* modulos
* paginas in aliis spatiis nominalibus sitas

Demum titulos, ordine naturali dispositos, ad formam ostendendam reconstruit.

=== Optiones ===

Hae optiones acceptantur:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Optio
! Effectus
|-
| &lt;code&gt;tacite&lt;/code&gt;
| Ipsa formula in categoria non ostenditur.
|-
| &lt;code&gt;infeliciter&lt;/code&gt;
| In categoria corrigenda colliguntur.
|-
| &lt;code&gt;caduciter&lt;/code&gt;
| Categoria caduciter (interim, pro tempore) adhibetur.
|}

== Subformulae auxiliares ==
* {{relfn|Formula:Categoriae vestigatoriae/optiones}}

== Ulteriora si cupis ==
{{Categoriae vestigatoriae|Formulae quae categoriis vestigatoriis utuntur|propositum=exhibitio}}
* [[:Categoria:Categoriae vestigatoriae]]
* {{Fn|Categoria vestigatoria formularum}}
* {{Fn|Categoria formulis quoque suppleta}}
* {{Fn|Categoria administrativa Vicipaediae}}
* {{Fn|Formula saepe in paginis harum categoriarum adhibita}}
* {{Fn|Metaformula quoque}}
* {{Fn|Metaformula tantum}}

&lt;includeonly&gt;{{in harenario aut alibi||
&lt;!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --&gt;
[[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae quae seorsos versus creant|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae administrationis Vicipaediae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae monituum nuntiorumque|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae documentationis|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae marginales|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae variadicae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae nexuales|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae quae categoriis vestigatoriis utuntur|!]]
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ol3dinuxgtetklci933dn5dkl5tefjr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Categoria formulis quoque suppleta</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>320993</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3998752</id>
      <parentid>3920335</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T22:51:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>De aliis spatiis nominalibus</comment>
      <origin>3998752</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2374" sha1="4uoahdfe96nghcgqswbytue8wp1ckmc" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#if:{{#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio|/}}{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACENUMBER}}|14|/}}

	| {{Capsa paginae
		| 1 =

[[Fasciculus:Nuvola filesystems folder template.svg|22px|alt=|link=]] '''Categoria formulis quoque suppleta'''

Haec categoria est pars encyclopaediae. Nonnullae paginae et subcategoriae hic numeratae{{#invoke:params|
	excluding_non-numeric_names|
	trimming_values|
	with_value_not_matching||strict|
	renaming_by_calling|Secundum aliud spatium nominale|values_only|1|10|
	mapping_by_magic|NAMESPACENUMBER|names_only|
	entering_substack|
		with_value_matching|828|strict|
		detaching_substack|
		mapping_by_magic|PAGENAME|names_only|
		mapping_by_mixing|&amp;#123;&amp;#123;[[$#|&amp;#35;invoke:$@]]&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|
		snapshotting|
		scoring|a|in_substack|
	dropping_substack|
	snapshotting|entering_substack|
		with_value_matching|10|strict|
		detaching_substack|
		mapping_by_magic|PAGENAME|names_only|
		mapping_by_mixing|&amp;#123;&amp;#123;[[$#|$@]]&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|
	leaving_substack|
	snapshotting|entering_substack|
		with_value_matching|0|strict|
		detaching_substack|
		mapping_by_mixing|&amp;#123;&amp;#123;[[:$#|:$#]]&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|
	leaving_substack|
	mapping_by_mixing|&amp;#123;&amp;#123;[[:$#]]&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|
	flushing|
	flushing|
	scoring|b|in_substack|
	entering_substack|
		flushing|
		snapshotting|entering_substack|
			with_value_matching|0|
			detaching_substack|
		leaving_substack|
		snapshotting|entering_substack|
			with_value_matching|1|
			detaching_substack|
		leaving_substack|
		mapping_by_mixing|2|
		flushing|
		flushing|
		combining_values|h|alphabetically|h|x|
		mapping_by_magic|#switch|
			let|x01|formulā|
			let|x02|formulis|
			let|x10|modulo|
			let|x11|formulā moduloque|
			let|x12|formulis moduloque|
			let|x20|modulis|
			let|x21|formulā modulisque|
			let|x22|formulis modulisque|
		mapping_by_mixing| $@ |
	leaving_substack|
	setting_by_flushing|
	flushing|
	setting|i/l/n|, | et | unā vel pluribus formulis modulisve|
	all_sorted|
	list_values
}} sua sponte stipantur. {{#if:{{{descriptio|}}}
			|

Secundum descriptionem, collectioni est haec ratio:

{{Vitta sententiae
	| color = #fff
	| norma = media
	| 1 = {{{descriptio}}}
}}

		}}

	}}{{#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio||[[Categoria:Categoriae vestigatoriae]]}}

	| {{Error|Error: Haec formula in categoriis tantum adhibenda est.}}

}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentatio}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>4uoahdfe96nghcgqswbytue8wp1ckmc</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3998824</id>
      <parentid>3998752</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-03T07:50:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Efficacia</comment>
      <origin>3998824</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2383" sha1="0nhrrnlsy6v7uxqtgw97zs07ler0sbu" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#if:{{#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio|/}}{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACENUMBER}}|14|/}}

	| {{Capsa paginae
		| 1 =

[[Fasciculus:Nuvola filesystems folder template.svg|22px|alt=|link=]] '''Categoria formulis quoque suppleta'''

Haec categoria est pars encyclopaediae. Nonnullae paginae et subcategoriae hic numeratae{{#invoke:params|
	excluding_non-numeric_names|
	trimming_values|
	with_value_not_matching||strict|
	renaming_by_calling|Secundum aliud spatium nominale|values_only|1|10|
	mapping_by_magic|NAMESPACENUMBER|names_only|
	entering_substack|
		with_value_matching|828|strict|
		detaching_substack|
		mapping_by_magic|PAGENAME|names_only|
		mapping_by_mixing|&amp;#123;&amp;#123;[[$#|&amp;#35;invoke:$@]]&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|
		scoring|a|in_substack|
	leaving_substack|
	snapshotting|entering_substack|
		with_value_matching|10|strict|
		detaching_substack|
		mapping_by_magic|PAGENAME|names_only|
		mapping_by_mixing|&amp;#123;&amp;#123;[[$#|$@]]&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|
	leaving_substack|
	snapshotting|entering_substack|
		with_value_matching|0|strict|
		detaching_substack|
		mapping_by_mixing|&amp;#123;&amp;#123;[[:$#|:$#]]&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|
	leaving_substack|
	mapping_by_mixing|&amp;#123;&amp;#123;[[:$#]]&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|
	flushing|
	flushing|
	rearranging_substacks|2|
	scoring|b|in_substack|
	entering_substack|
		flushing|
		snapshotting|entering_substack|
			with_value_matching|0|
			detaching_substack|
		leaving_substack|
		snapshotting|entering_substack|
			with_value_matching|1|
			detaching_substack|
		leaving_substack|
		mapping_by_mixing|2|
		flushing|
		flushing|
		combining_values|h|alphabetically|h|x|
		mapping_by_magic|#switch|
			let|x01|formulā|
			let|x02|formulis|
			let|x10|modulo|
			let|x11|formulā moduloque|
			let|x12|formulis moduloque|
			let|x20|modulis|
			let|x21|formulā modulisque|
			let|x22|formulis modulisque|
		mapping_by_mixing| $@ |
	leaving_substack|
	setting_by_flushing|
	flushing|
	setting|i/l/n|, | et | unā vel pluribus formulis modulisve|
	all_sorted|
	list_values
}} sua sponte stipantur. {{#if:{{{descriptio|}}}
			|

Secundum descriptionem, collectioni est haec ratio:

{{Vitta sententiae
	| color = #fff
	| norma = media
	| 1 = {{{descriptio}}}
}}

		}}

	}}{{#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio||[[Categoria:Categoriae vestigatoriae]]}}

	| {{Error|Error: Haec formula in categoriis tantum adhibenda est.}}

}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentatio}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>0nhrrnlsy6v7uxqtgw97zs07ler0sbu</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Categoria formulis quoque suppleta/doc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>320998</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3998757</id>
      <parentid>3920215</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T22:56:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+{{[[Formula:Vicitextus concors|Vicitextus concors]]}}</comment>
      <origin>3998757</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3014" sha1="dujeu6k5rogtstimhlo68bx02hdueq4" xml:space="preserve">{{Subpagina documentationis}}
{{Formula categoriae}}
{{Vicitextus concors
	| Categoria administrativa Vicipaediae
	| Categoria formularum
	| Categoria formulis quoque suppleta
	| Categoria modulorum
	| Categoria vestigatoria
}}
{{Lua|Modulus:Params}}

Si quaedam categoria est pars encyclopaediae et eius paginae formulis ''quoque'' stipantur (sed etiam possunt manu addi), utere hac formula. Sin secus, utere formula {{Fn|Categoria vestigatoria formularum}} si categoria formulis tantum supplenda est, aut formula {{Fn|Categoria administrativa Vicipaediae}} si categoria non est pars encyclopaediae.

Categoriae quae hanc formulam exhibent in [[:Categoria:Categoriae vestigatoriae]] numerantur.

== De usu ==
'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoria formulis quoque suppleta|Capsa asteroidis}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Categoria formulis quoque suppleta|Capsa asteroidis|propositum=exhibitio}}

{{Ast}}

'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoria formulis quoque suppleta
	| Categoriae hominis Vicidatorum
	| Capsa hominis Vicidatorum
	| Anni vitae
	| Bio-stipula
}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Categoria formulis quoque suppleta
	| Categoriae hominis Vicidatorum
	| Capsa hominis Vicidatorum
	| Anni vitae
	| Bio-stipula
	| propositum = exhibitio
}}

{{Ast}}

'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoria formulis quoque suppleta
	| Categoriae hominis Vicidatorum
	| Capsa hominis Vicidatorum
	| Anni vitae
	| Bio-stipula
	| descriptio = Haec categoria paginas de [[mulier]]ibus continet.
}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Categoria formulis quoque suppleta
	| Categoriae hominis Vicidatorum
	| Capsa hominis Vicidatorum
	| Anni vitae
	| Bio-stipula
	| descriptio = Haec categoria paginas de [[mulier]]ibus continet.
	| propositum = exhibitio
}}

{{Ast}}

'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoria formulis quoque suppleta}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Categoria formulis quoque suppleta|propositum=exhibitio}}

== Ulteriora si cupis ==
{{Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae|Categoriae vestigatoriae}}
* [[:Categoria:Categoriae vestigatoriae]]
* [[:Categoria:Formulae quae categoriis vestigatoriis utuntur]]
* {{Fn|Categoria vestigatoria formularum}}
* {{Fn|Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae}}
* {{Fn|Categoria vestigatoria modulorum}}
* {{Fn|Categoria administrativa Vicipaediae}}
* {{Fn|Categoria systematis MediaVicialis}}
* {{Fn|Categoria formularum}}
* {{Fn|Categoria modulorum}}

&lt;includeonly&gt;{{in harenario aut alibi||
&lt;!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --&gt;
[[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae quae seorsos versus creant|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae monituum nuntiorumque|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae quae cunctas paginas afficiunt|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae nexuales|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae variadicae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>dujeu6k5rogtstimhlo68bx02hdueq4</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3998771</id>
      <parentid>3998757</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T23:10:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ulteriora si cupis */</comment>
      <origin>3998771</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2972" sha1="oti65mi8nbh7pxko1qchqsbda79k25f" xml:space="preserve">{{Subpagina documentationis}}
{{Formula categoriae}}
{{Vicitextus concors
	| Categoria administrativa Vicipaediae
	| Categoria formularum
	| Categoria formulis quoque suppleta
	| Categoria modulorum
	| Categoria vestigatoria
}}
{{Lua|Modulus:Params}}

Si quaedam categoria est pars encyclopaediae et eius paginae formulis ''quoque'' stipantur (sed etiam possunt manu addi), utere hac formula. Sin secus, utere formula {{Fn|Categoria vestigatoria formularum}} si categoria formulis tantum supplenda est, aut formula {{Fn|Categoria administrativa Vicipaediae}} si categoria non est pars encyclopaediae.

Categoriae quae hanc formulam exhibent in [[:Categoria:Categoriae vestigatoriae]] numerantur.

== De usu ==
'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoria formulis quoque suppleta|Capsa asteroidis}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Categoria formulis quoque suppleta|Capsa asteroidis|propositum=exhibitio}}

{{Ast}}

'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoria formulis quoque suppleta
	| Categoriae hominis Vicidatorum
	| Capsa hominis Vicidatorum
	| Anni vitae
	| Bio-stipula
}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Categoria formulis quoque suppleta
	| Categoriae hominis Vicidatorum
	| Capsa hominis Vicidatorum
	| Anni vitae
	| Bio-stipula
	| propositum = exhibitio
}}

{{Ast}}

'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoria formulis quoque suppleta
	| Categoriae hominis Vicidatorum
	| Capsa hominis Vicidatorum
	| Anni vitae
	| Bio-stipula
	| descriptio = Haec categoria paginas de [[mulier]]ibus continet.
}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Categoria formulis quoque suppleta
	| Categoriae hominis Vicidatorum
	| Capsa hominis Vicidatorum
	| Anni vitae
	| Bio-stipula
	| descriptio = Haec categoria paginas de [[mulier]]ibus continet.
	| propositum = exhibitio
}}

{{Ast}}

'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoria formulis quoque suppleta}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Categoria formulis quoque suppleta|propositum=exhibitio}}

== Ulteriora si cupis ==
{{Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae|Categoriae vestigatoriae}}
* [[:Categoria:Categoriae vestigatoriae]]
* [[:Categoria:Formulae quae categoriis vestigatoriis utuntur]]
* {{Fn|Categoria vestigatoria formularum}}
* {{Fn|Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae}}
* {{Fn|Categoria administrativa Vicipaediae}}
* {{Fn|Categoria systematis MediaVicialis}}
* {{Fn|Categoria formularum}}
* {{Fn|Categoria modulorum}}

&lt;includeonly&gt;{{in harenario aut alibi||
&lt;!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --&gt;
[[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae quae seorsos versus creant|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae monituum nuntiorumque|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae quae cunctas paginas afficiunt|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae nexuales|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae variadicae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>oti65mi8nbh7pxko1qchqsbda79k25f</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3998773</id>
      <parentid>3998771</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T23:11:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Ulteriora si cupis */</comment>
      <origin>3998773</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2961" sha1="qromkgs55ms32nuz59wse0is504caz8" xml:space="preserve">{{Subpagina documentationis}}
{{Formula categoriae}}
{{Vicitextus concors
	| Categoria administrativa Vicipaediae
	| Categoria formularum
	| Categoria formulis quoque suppleta
	| Categoria modulorum
	| Categoria vestigatoria
}}
{{Lua|Modulus:Params}}

Si quaedam categoria est pars encyclopaediae et eius paginae formulis ''quoque'' stipantur (sed etiam possunt manu addi), utere hac formula. Sin secus, utere formula {{Fn|Categoria vestigatoria formularum}} si categoria formulis tantum supplenda est, aut formula {{Fn|Categoria administrativa Vicipaediae}} si categoria non est pars encyclopaediae.

Categoriae quae hanc formulam exhibent in [[:Categoria:Categoriae vestigatoriae]] numerantur.

== De usu ==
'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoria formulis quoque suppleta|Capsa asteroidis}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Categoria formulis quoque suppleta|Capsa asteroidis|propositum=exhibitio}}

{{Ast}}

'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoria formulis quoque suppleta
	| Categoriae hominis Vicidatorum
	| Capsa hominis Vicidatorum
	| Anni vitae
	| Bio-stipula
}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Categoria formulis quoque suppleta
	| Categoriae hominis Vicidatorum
	| Capsa hominis Vicidatorum
	| Anni vitae
	| Bio-stipula
	| propositum = exhibitio
}}

{{Ast}}

'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoria formulis quoque suppleta
	| Categoriae hominis Vicidatorum
	| Capsa hominis Vicidatorum
	| Anni vitae
	| Bio-stipula
	| descriptio = Haec categoria paginas de [[mulier]]ibus continet.
}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Categoria formulis quoque suppleta
	| Categoriae hominis Vicidatorum
	| Capsa hominis Vicidatorum
	| Anni vitae
	| Bio-stipula
	| descriptio = Haec categoria paginas de [[mulier]]ibus continet.
	| propositum = exhibitio
}}

{{Ast}}

'''Vicitextus (in categoriis tantum):'''

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{Categoria formulis quoque suppleta}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

'''Effectus:'''

{{Categoria formulis quoque suppleta|propositum=exhibitio}}

== Ulteriora si cupis ==
{{Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae|Categoriae vestigatoriae}}
* [[:Categoria:Categoriae vestigatoriae]]
* [[:Categoria:Formulae quae categoriis vestigatoriis utuntur]]
* {{Fn|Categoria vestigatoria}}
* {{Fn|Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae}}
* {{Fn|Categoria administrativa Vicipaediae}}
* {{Fn|Categoria systematis MediaVicialis}}
* {{Fn|Categoria formularum}}
* {{Fn|Categoria modulorum}}

&lt;includeonly&gt;{{in harenario aut alibi||
&lt;!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --&gt;
[[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae quae seorsos versus creant|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae monituum nuntiorumque|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae quae cunctas paginas afficiunt|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae nexuales|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae variadicae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>qromkgs55ms32nuz59wse0is504caz8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Praemium Olavi Palme</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>323893</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3998699</id>
      <parentid>3948338</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T19:27:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LilyKitty</username>
        <id>18316</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>de Salima Ghezali</comment>
      <origin>3998699</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2316" sha1="1s60eyk0nq016qmp2cl1dd6dxmtejuz" xml:space="preserve">{{Latinitas|-3}}
[[Fasciculus:Olof Palme's grave.jpg|thumb|[[Sepulcretum]] Olavi Palme.]]
'''Praemium Olavi Palme''' est [[praemium]] [[Suecia|Suecicum]] pro contributione [[pax|pacis]] et [[iura humana|iurum humanorum]] cum spiritu [[Olavus Palme|Olavi Palme]] constituta anno [[1987]]. Praemium e Sorte memoriali Olavi Palme pro compehensione internationaali et securitate communi,&lt;ref&gt;[[Suecice]] ''Olof Palmes minnesfond för internationell förstålse och gemensam säkerhet.''&lt;/ref&gt; quod familia Olavi Palme et [[Factio socialis democratica (Suecia)|Factio socialis democratica Sueciae]] creaverunt.

== Laureati ==
*[[1987]] - [[Cyrillus Ramaphosa]]
*[[1988]] - [[Milites pro pace]] sub directione [[Xaverius Pérez de Cuéllar]]
*[[1989]] - [[Venceslaus Havel]]
*[[1990]] - [[Harlem Désir]] et SOS Rasisme
*[[1991]] - [[Amnestia Internationalis]]
*[[1992]] - Arzu Abdullayeva et Anahit Bayandur
*[[1993]] - Studenti pro [[Seraium|Seraio]]
*[[1994]] - [[Wei Jingsheng]]
*[[1995]] - Fatah, Iuventi loboris, Pax nunc
*[[1996]] - Casa Alianza
*[[1997]] - [[Salima Ghezali]]
*[[1998]] - Media independens [[Iugoslavia]]e
*[[1999]] - Kurdo Baksi et grex in Kilppan
*[[2000]] - Byran Stevenson
*[[2001]] - Fezale Hasan Abed
*[[2002]] - Hanan Ashrawi
*[[2003]] - [[Iohannes Blix]]
*[[2004]] - Lyudmila Alexeyeva, Sergius Kovalev et [[Anna Politkovskaja]]
*[[2005]] - [[Aung San Suu Kyi]]
*[[2006]] - [[Kofi Annan]]
*[[2007]] - Parvin Ardalan
*[[2008]] - [[Dionysius Mukwege]]
*[[2009]] - Carsten Jensen
*[[2010]] - Eyad al-Sarraj
*[[2011]] - [[Lydia Cacho]] et [[Robertus Saviano]]
*[[2012]] - Radhia Nasraoui et Waleed Abulkhair
*[[2013]] - Rosa Taikon
*[[2014]] - Xu Youyu
*[[2015]] - Gideon Levy et Mitri Raheb
*[[2016]] - Spyridon Gslionos et Giusi Nicolini
*[[2017]] - Hédi Fried et Emerich Roth
*[[2018]] - Daniel Ellsberg
*[[2019]] - [[Ioannes le Carré]]
*[[2020]] - Fundatio globali Black Lives Matter
*[[2022]] - Patricia Galinga
*[[2023]] - Marta Chumalo, Eren Keskin et [[Narges Mohammadi]]
*[[2024]] - Bellingcat
*[[2025]] - Insula  Utøya
*[[2026]] - [[Navanethem Pillay]] et Ioannes Dugard

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
*[https://www.palmefonden.se/olof-palmepriset/ Situs interretialis.] ([[Suecice]])

[[Categoria:Constituta 1987]]
[[Categoria:Iura humana]]
[[Categoria:Praemia]]</text>
      <sha1>1s60eyk0nq016qmp2cl1dd6dxmtejuz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Amor tenet omnia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>324495</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3998706</id>
      <parentid>3998550</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T19:47:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Descriptio */</comment>
      <origin>3998706</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4711" sha1="e3a4glidlumh268kz5a6mdrdp39xu5c" xml:space="preserve">{{Titulus ad litteram}}
{{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}}
{{Carmen Carminum Buranorum
	| titulus =
	| imago =
	| descriptio =
	| categoria =
	| numerus =
	| auctor =
	| argumenta =
	| tempus =
	| lingua =
	| contextus =
	| praecedens =
	| sequens =
}}

{{lores|Amor tenet omnia}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardus|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero LXXXVII reperitur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-71-87&quot;&gt;{{Opus
	| titulus = Carmina amatoria 71–87
	| url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cam2.html
}}.&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Textus ==
{{Versus numerati|
{{@*@.|1.}}[[Amor]] tenet omnia,
mutat cordis intima,
querit Amor devia.
Amor melle dulcior,
felle fit amarior.
Amor cecus, † caret pudicitia;
frigidus et calidus
et tepidus,
Amor audax, pavidus,
est fidus atque perfidus.

{{@*@.|2.}}Tempus est idoneum,
querat Amor socium:
nunc garritus avium.
Amor regit iuvenes,
Amor capit virgines.
ve senectus! tibi sunt incommoda.
va t'an oy! iuvencula
Theoclea
tenet me gratissima;
tu pestis, dico, pessima.

{{@*@.|3.}}† Frigidus et calidus
numquam tibi socius!
dormit dolens sepius
in natura frigidus;
nichil tibi vilius.
Venus tenet iuvenes in gaudio;
sana sic coniunctio,
quam diligo,
tuo fit imperio.
quid melius sit, nescio.

{{@*@.|4.}}Amor volat undique;
captus est libidine.
iuvenes iuvencule
que secuntur merito,
si que sine socio.
illa vero caret omni gloria;
tenet noctis infima
sub intima
cardinis custodia.
sic fit res amarissima.

{{@*@.|5.}}Amor simplex, callidus;
rufus Amor, pallidus;
truculens in omnibus,
Amor est placabilis,
constans et instabilis.
Amor artis regitur imperio.
ludit Amor lectulo
iam clanculo
noctis in silentio:
fit captus Amor laqueo.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-71-87&quot; /&gt;
}}

== Descriptio ==
Hoc carmen, in sectione amatoria codicis servatum, naturam ambiguam et contradictoriam [[Amor (deus)|Amoris]] celebrat, qui melle dulcior sed [[Fel|felle]] amarior esse videtur. [[Poëta]] varietatem affectuum describit, ubi Cupido iuvenes regit et virgines capit, dum senectutem tamquam pestem repudiat.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-71-87&quot; /&gt;

Argumentum praecipue in potentia [[Venus (dea)|Veneris]] vertitur, quae per iustam coniunctionem gaudium iuvenibus praebet, dum illae quae socio carent in tristitia nocturna manent. Denique amor sub artis imperio regitur et in silentio noctis laqueis suis amantes capit, vitam humanam inter constantiam et instabilitatem movens.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-71-87&quot; /&gt;

== Investigatio critica ==
Hoc carmen, cuius traditio manuscripta nonnumquam ambigua videtur, structura quadam circulari explicatur; exordium enim et conclusio singularem amandi condicionem per opposita et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|oxymoron|oxymora|en|qid=Q169429}} efferunt. In media parte carminis, poëta aetatem iuvenilem extollit, quae voluptatibus eroticis necessario coniungitur, ne in maestam ac dolorosam solitudinem vertatur.&lt;ref name=&quot;rossi-2006-pp-275-276&quot;&gt;{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 275–276.&lt;/ref&gt;

Argumentum de temporis opportunitate, ubi verna vis cum desiderii excitatione copulatur, ad locos communes lyricae tam antiquae quam mediaevalis pertinet. Item senectutis vituperatio, quae dicitur malorum omnium satura, argumentum usitatum praebet (quod etiam in [[Clauso Cronos|carmine LXXIII]] reperitur), dum [[versus intercalaris|intercalaris versus]] lingua [[Lingua Francogallica antiqua|Francogallica antiqua]] exaratus remotionem tristem invocat.&lt;ref name=&quot;rossi-2006-pp-275-276&quot; /&gt;

Iuvenum et senum discrepantia ex physiologiae praeceptis illius aetatis pendet: secundum enim [[Isidorus Hispalensis|Isidorum Hispalensem]] ({{Op|[[Etymologiarum libri viginti|Etymologiae]]}} XI, 2, 27), dum iuvenes calido sanguine fruuntur, senes frigore rigescunt, unde amicitiae vel amoris inopia oritur. Denique amor non casu regitur, sed propria quadam arte gubernatur; quae notio e medievali casistica manat, cuius fundamenta in [[Publius Ovidius Naso|Ovidii]] operibus, praesertim in {{Op|[[Ars amatoria|Arte amatoria]]}}, inveniuntur.&lt;ref name=&quot;rossi-2006-pp-275-276&quot; /&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
* {{Ecce citatio
	| id = Rossi, 2006
	| c = {{Opus
		| cognomen redactoris = Rossi
		| nomen redactoris = Petrus Victorius
		| titulus = Carmina Burana. Testo latino a fronte
		| annus = 2006
		| annus primae editionis = 1989
		| editio = 8
		| locus = [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]]
		| domus editoria = Tascabili Bompiani
		| isbn = 88-452-5307-4
		| lingua = it
	}}
}}

{{Carmina Burana}}

[[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]]
[[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]]</text>
      <sha1>e3a4glidlumh268kz5a6mdrdp39xu5c</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3998707</id>
      <parentid>3998706</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T19:49:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Investigatio critica */</comment>
      <origin>3998707</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4728" sha1="lyfgod0zvgxr1u4ucs1otvvey0ouvq3" xml:space="preserve">{{Titulus ad litteram}}
{{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}}
{{Carmen Carminum Buranorum
	| titulus =
	| imago =
	| descriptio =
	| categoria =
	| numerus =
	| auctor =
	| argumenta =
	| tempus =
	| lingua =
	| contextus =
	| praecedens =
	| sequens =
}}

{{lores|Amor tenet omnia}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardus|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero LXXXVII reperitur.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-71-87&quot;&gt;{{Opus
	| titulus = Carmina amatoria 71–87
	| url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cam2.html
}}.&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Textus ==
{{Versus numerati|
{{@*@.|1.}}[[Amor]] tenet omnia,
mutat cordis intima,
querit Amor devia.
Amor melle dulcior,
felle fit amarior.
Amor cecus, † caret pudicitia;
frigidus et calidus
et tepidus,
Amor audax, pavidus,
est fidus atque perfidus.

{{@*@.|2.}}Tempus est idoneum,
querat Amor socium:
nunc garritus avium.
Amor regit iuvenes,
Amor capit virgines.
ve senectus! tibi sunt incommoda.
va t'an oy! iuvencula
Theoclea
tenet me gratissima;
tu pestis, dico, pessima.

{{@*@.|3.}}† Frigidus et calidus
numquam tibi socius!
dormit dolens sepius
in natura frigidus;
nichil tibi vilius.
Venus tenet iuvenes in gaudio;
sana sic coniunctio,
quam diligo,
tuo fit imperio.
quid melius sit, nescio.

{{@*@.|4.}}Amor volat undique;
captus est libidine.
iuvenes iuvencule
que secuntur merito,
si que sine socio.
illa vero caret omni gloria;
tenet noctis infima
sub intima
cardinis custodia.
sic fit res amarissima.

{{@*@.|5.}}Amor simplex, callidus;
rufus Amor, pallidus;
truculens in omnibus,
Amor est placabilis,
constans et instabilis.
Amor artis regitur imperio.
ludit Amor lectulo
iam clanculo
noctis in silentio:
fit captus Amor laqueo.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-71-87&quot; /&gt;
}}

== Descriptio ==
Hoc carmen, in sectione amatoria codicis servatum, naturam ambiguam et contradictoriam [[Amor (deus)|Amoris]] celebrat, qui melle dulcior sed [[Fel|felle]] amarior esse videtur. [[Poëta]] varietatem affectuum describit, ubi Cupido iuvenes regit et virgines capit, dum senectutem tamquam pestem repudiat.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-71-87&quot; /&gt;

Argumentum praecipue in potentia [[Venus (dea)|Veneris]] vertitur, quae per iustam coniunctionem gaudium iuvenibus praebet, dum illae quae socio carent in tristitia nocturna manent. Denique amor sub artis imperio regitur et in silentio noctis laqueis suis amantes capit, vitam humanam inter constantiam et instabilitatem movens.&lt;ref name=&quot;carmina-amatoria-71-87&quot; /&gt;

== Investigatio critica ==
Hoc carmen, cuius traditio manuscripta nonnumquam ambigua videtur, structura quadam circulari explicatur; exordium enim et conclusio singularem amandi condicionem per opposita et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|oxymoron|oxymora|en|qid=Q169429}} efferunt. In media parte carminis, poëta aetatem iuvenilem extollit, quae voluptatibus eroticis necessario coniungitur, ne in maestam ac dolorosam solitudinem vertatur.&lt;ref name=&quot;rossi-2006-pp-275-276&quot;&gt;{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 275–276.&lt;/ref&gt;

Argumentum de temporis opportunitate, ubi verna vis cum desiderii excitatione copulatur, ad locos communes lyricae tam antiquae quam mediaevalis pertinet. Item senectutis vituperatio, quae dicitur malorum omnium satura, argumentum usitatum praebet (quod etiam in [[Clauso Cronos|carmine LXXIII]] reperitur), dum [[versus intercalaris|intercalaris versus]] lingua [[Lingua Francogallica antiqua|Francogallica antiqua]] exaratus remotionem tristem invocat.&lt;ref name=&quot;rossi-2006-pp-275-276&quot; /&gt;

Iuvenum et senum discrepantia ex [[Physiologia|physiologiae]] praeceptis illius aetatis pendet: secundum enim [[Isidorus Hispalensis|Isidorum Hispalensem]] ({{Op|[[Etymologiarum libri viginti|Etymologiae]]}} XI, 2, 27), dum iuvenes calido sanguine fruuntur, senes frigore rigescunt, unde amicitiae vel amoris inopia oritur. Denique amor non casu regitur, sed propria quadam arte gubernatur; quae notio e medievali casuistica manat, cuius fundamenta in [[Publius Ovidius Naso|Ovidii]] operibus, praesertim in {{Op|[[Ars amatoria|Arte amatoria]]}}, inveniuntur.&lt;ref name=&quot;rossi-2006-pp-275-276&quot; /&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
* {{Ecce citatio
	| id = Rossi, 2006
	| c = {{Opus
		| cognomen redactoris = Rossi
		| nomen redactoris = Petrus Victorius
		| titulus = Carmina Burana. Testo latino a fronte
		| annus = 2006
		| annus primae editionis = 1989
		| editio = 8
		| locus = [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]]
		| domus editoria = Tascabili Bompiani
		| isbn = 88-452-5307-4
		| lingua = it
	}}
}}

{{Carmina Burana}}

[[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]]
[[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]]</text>
      <sha1>lyfgod0zvgxr1u4ucs1otvvey0ouvq3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Modulus:Params</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>325925</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3998812</id>
      <parentid>3995832</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-03T07:28:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Modulum redintegravi</comment>
      <origin>3998812</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="92369" sha1="9znmw9csg13nos2z4gcy9bg5ktorg2r" xml:space="preserve">require[[strict]]


	---                                        ---
	---     PRIVATE ENVIRONMENT                ---
	---    ________________________________    ---
	---                                        ---


	--[[ Abstract utilities ]]--
	----------------------------


-- Helper function for `string.gsub()` (for managing zero-padded numbers)
local function zero_padded (str)
	return ('%03d%s'):format(#str, str)
end


-- Helper function for `table.sort()` (for natural sorting)
local function natural_sort (var1, var2)
	return var1:gsub('%d+', zero_padded) &lt; var2:gsub('%d+', zero_padded)
end


-- Return a copy or a reference to a table
local function copy_or_ref_table (src, refonly)
	if refonly then return src end
	local newtab = {}
	for key, val in pairs(src) do newtab[key] = val end
	return newtab
end


-- Copy at most N items (of all kinds) from `src` to `dest` and return `dest`
local function copy_table_maxn (dest, src, len)
	local idx = 1
	for key, val in pairs(src) do
		dest[key], idx = val, idx + 1
		if idx &gt; len then break end
	end
	return dest
end


-- Remove some numeric elements from a table, shifting everything to the left
local function remove_numeric_keys (tbl, idx, len)
	local cache, tmp = {}, idx + len - 1
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' and key &gt;= idx then
			if key &gt; tmp then cache[key - len] = val end
			tbl[key] = nil
		end
	end
	for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end
end


-- Make a reduced copy of a table (shifting in both directions if necessary)
local function copy_table_reduced (tbl, idx, len)
	local ret, tmp = {}, idx + len - 1
	if idx &gt; 0 then
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) ~= 'number' or key &lt; idx then
				ret[key] = val
			elseif key &gt; tmp then ret[key - len] = val end
		end
	elseif tmp &gt; 0 then
		local nshift = 1 - idx
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) ~= 'number' then ret[key] = val
			elseif key &gt; tmp then ret[key - tmp] = val
			elseif key &lt; idx then ret[key + nshift] = val end
		end
	else
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) ~= 'number' or key &gt; tmp then
				ret[key] = val
			elseif key &lt; idx then ret[key + len] = val end
		end
	end
	return ret
end


-- Make an expanded copy of a table (shifting in both directions if necessary)
local function copy_table_expanded (tbl, idx, len)
	local ret, tmp = {}, idx + len - 1
	if idx &gt; 0 then
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) ~= 'number' or key &lt; idx then
				ret[key] = val
			else ret[key + len] = val end
		end
	elseif tmp &gt; 0 then
		local nshift = idx - 1
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) ~= 'number' then ret[key] = val
			elseif key &gt; 0 then ret[key + tmp] = val
			elseif key &lt; 1 then ret[key + nshift] = val end
		end
	else
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) ~= 'number' or key &gt; tmp then
				ret[key] = val
			else ret[key - len] = val end
		end
	end
	return ret
end


-- Given a table, create two new tables containing the sorted list of keys
local function get_sorted_key_list (tbl, sort_fn)
	local nums, words, nn, nw = {}, {}, 1, 1
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then nums[nn], nn = key, nn + 1
		else words[nw], nw = key, nw + 1 end
	end
	table.sort(nums)
	table.sort(words, sort_fn)
	return nums, words, nn - 1, nw - 1
end


-- Parse a parameter name string and return it as a string or a number
local function get_param_name (par_str)
	local ret = par_str:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
	if ret ~= '0' and ret:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' == nil then return ret end
	return tonumber(ret)
end


-- Move a key from a table to another, but only if under a different name and
-- always parsing numeric strings as numbers
local function steal_if_renamed (val, src, skey, dest, dkey)
	local realkey = get_param_name(dkey)
	if skey ~= realkey then dest[realkey], src[skey] = val, nil end
end


	--[[ Public strings ]]--
	------------------------


-- Special match keywords (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names)
local mkeywords = {
	['or'] = 0,
	pattern = 1,
	plain = 2,
	strict = 3
}


-- Sort functions (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names)
local sortfunctions = {
	alphabetically = false,
	naturally = natural_sort
}


-- Callback styles for the `mapping_*` and `renaming_*` class of modifiers
-- (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names)
--[[

Meanings of the columns:

  col[1] = Loop type (0-3)
  col[2] = Number of module arguments that the style requires (1-3)
  col[3] = Minimum number of sequential parameters passed to the callback
  col[4] = Name of the callback parameter where to place each parameter name
  col[5] = Name of the callback parameter where to place each parameter value
  col[6] = Argument in the modifier's invocation that will override `col[4]`
  col[7] = Argument in the modifier's invocation that will override `col[5]`

A value of `-1` indicates that no meaningful value is stored (i.e. `nil`)

]]--
local mapping_styles = {
	names_and_values = { 3, 2, 2, 1, 2, -1, -1 },
	values_and_names = { 3, 2, 2, 2, 1, -1, -1 },
	values_only = { 1, 2, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1 },
	names_only = { 2, 2, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1 },
	names_and_values_as = { 3, 4, 0, -1, -1, 2, 3 },
	names_only_as = { 2, 3, 0, -1, -1, 2, -1 },
	values_only_as = { 1, 3, 0, -1, -1, -1, 2 },
	blindly = { 0, 2, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1 }
}


-- Memory slots (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names)
local memoryslots = {
	h = 'header',
	f = 'footer',
	i = 'itersep',
	l = 'lastsep',
	n = 'ifngiven',
	p = 'pairsep',
	s = 'oxfordsep'
}


-- Possible trimming modes for the `parsing` modifier
local trim_parse_opts = {
	trim_none = { false, false },
	trim_positional = { false, true },
	trim_named = { true, false },
	trim_all = { true, true }
}


-- Possible string modes for the iteration separator in the `parsing` and
-- `reinterpreting` modifiers
local isep_parse_opts = {
	splitter_pattern = false,
	splitter_string = true
}


-- Possible string modes for the key-value separator in the `parsing` and
-- `reinterpreting` modifiers
local psep_parse_opts = {
	setter_pattern = false,
	setter_string = true
}


-- Possible position references for the `splicing` modifier
local position_references = {
	add_nothing = 0,
	add_smallest_number = 1,
	add_last_of_sequence = 2,
	add_largest_number = 3
}


-- Possible modes for the `reassigning` modifier
local a_modes = {
	transfer = 0,
	clone = 1,
	rename = 2,
	copy = 3,
	sacrifice = 4,
	provide = 5,
	spare = 7
}


-- Functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names too: `here`, `in_substack`,
-- `let`, `expose`, `use`, `with_flushed_glue`, `without_flushed_glue`
-- `without_sorting`


	--[[ Private constants ]]--
	---------------------------


-- Hard-coded name of the module (to avoid going through `frame:getTitle()`)
local modulename = 'Module:Params'


-- The functions listed here declare that they don't need the
-- `frame:getParent().args` metatable to be copied into a regular table; if 
-- they are modifiers they also guarantee that they will make their own
-- (modified) copy available
local refparams = {
	call_for_each_group = true,
	combining = true,
	combining_by_calling = true,
	combining_values = true,
	concat_and_call = true,
	concat_and_invoke = true,
	concat_and_magic = true,
	count = true,
	grouping_by_calling = true,
	mixing_names_and_values = true,
	keeping_at_most = true,
	renaming_by_mixing = true,
	renaming_to_sequence = true,
	renaming_to_uppercase = true,
	renaming_to_lowercase = true,
	shifting = true,
	splicing = true,
	value_of = true,
	with_name_matching = true
}


-- Maximum number of numeric parameters that can be filled, if missing (we
-- chose an arbitrary number for this constant; you can discuss about its
-- optimal value at Module talk:Params)
local maxfill = 1024


-- The private table of functions
local library = {}


-- Functions and modifiers that can only be invoked in first position
local static_iface = {}


	--[[ Private functions ]]--
	---------------------------


-- Create a new context
local function context_new (child_frame, first_fn_name)
	local main_frame, tpipe = child_frame:getParent(), { first_fn_name }
	for key, val in pairs(child_frame.args) do
		if type(key) == 'number' and key &gt; 0 then tpipe[key + 1] = val
		else tpipe[key] = val end
	end
	return {
		frame = main_frame,
		pipe = tpipe,
		oparams = main_frame.args,
		firstposonly = static_iface,
		iterfunc = pairs,
		fnpos = 1,
		sorttype = 0,
		n_parents = 0,
		n_children = 0,
		n_available = maxfill
	}
end


-- Move to the next action within the user-given list
local function context_iterate (ctx, next_fn_pos, trimmed_fname)
	local fname = trimmed_fname or ctx.pipe[next_fn_pos] and
		ctx.pipe[next_fn_pos]:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	if fname == nil then error(modulename ..
		': You must specify a function to call', 0) end
	if library[fname] == nil then
		if ctx.firstposonly[fname] == nil then error(modulename ..
			': The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0)
		else error(modulename .. ': The ‘' .. fname ..
			'’ directive can only appear in first position', 0)
		end
	end
	ctx.fnpos = next_fn_pos
	return library[fname]
end


-- Main loop
local function main_loop (ctx, start_with)
	local fn = start_with
	repeat fn = fn(ctx) until not fn
	if ctx.n_parents &gt; 0 then error(modulename ..
		': One or more ‘merging_substack’ directives are missing', 0) end
	if ctx.n_children &gt; 0 then error(modulename ..
		', For some of the snapshots either the ‘flushing’ directive is missing or a group has not been properly closed with ‘merging_substack’', 0) end
end


-- Load a `setting`-like directive string into the `dest` table
local function set_strings_from_opts (dest, opts, offs)
	local cmd
	if opts[offs] == nil then return offs - 1 end
	cmd = opts[offs]:gsub('%s+', ''):gsub('/+', '/'):match'^/*(.*[^/])'
	if cmd == nil then return offs end
	local vname, chr
	local amap, sep, argc = {}, string.byte('/'), offs + 1
	for idx = 1, #cmd do
		chr = cmd:byte(idx)
		if chr == sep then
			for key, val in ipairs(amap) do
				dest[val], amap[key] = opts[argc], nil
			end
			argc = argc + 1
		else
			vname = memoryslots[string.char(chr)]
			if vname == nil then error(modulename ..
				', ‘setting’: Unknown slot ‘' .. string.char(chr) .. '’', 0) end
			table.insert(amap, vname)
		end
	end
	for key, val in ipairs(amap) do dest[val] = opts[argc] end
	return argc
end


-- Add a new stack of parameters to `ctx.children`
local function new_substack (ctx)
	local currsnap, newparams = ctx.n_children + 1, {}
	if ctx.children == nil then ctx.children = { newparams }
	else ctx.children[currsnap] = newparams end
	ctx.n_children = currsnap
	return newparams
end


-- Parse a raw argument containing a `sortfunctions` directive, or
-- `'without_sorting'`, or `nil`
local function load_sort_opt (raw_arg)
	local trarg
	if raw_arg ~= nil then trarg = raw_arg:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if trarg == nil then return nil, 1, false, nil end
	if trarg == 'without_sorting' then return nil, 2, false, nil end
	local tmp = sortfunctions[trarg]
	if tmp == nil then return nil, 1, false, trarg end
	return tmp or nil, 2, true, nil
end


-- Parse optional user arguments of type `...|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|
-- [number of additional parameters]|[parameter 1]|[parameter 2]|[...]`
local function load_child_opts (src, start_from, append_after, params)
	local tnamed, tmp1, tmp2
	local pin, tbl, mem = start_from, {}, {}
	while src[pin] ~= nil and src[pin + 1] ~= nil do
		tmp1 = src[pin]:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
		if tmp1 == 'let' and src[pin + 2] ~= nil then
			tmp1 = get_param_name(src[pin + 1])
			tbl[tmp1], pin = src[pin + 2], pin + 3
--[[
		elseif tmp1 == 'expose' then
			tmp1 = get_param_name(src[pin + 1])
			tmp2 = params[tmp1]
			mem[tmp1], tbl[tmp1], pin = tmp2, tmp2, pin + 2
]]--
		elseif tmp1 == 'use' and src[pin + 2] ~= nil then
			tmp1 = get_param_name(src[pin + 2])
			tmp2 = params[tmp1]
			mem[tmp1], tbl[get_param_name(src[pin + 1])], pin =
				tmp2, tmp2, pin + 3
		else break end
	end
	local tnew = copy_or_ref_table(params, next(mem) == nil)
	for key in pairs(mem) do tnew[key] = nil end
	if pin ~= start_from then tnamed, tbl = tbl, {} end
	tmp1 = tonumber(src[pin])
	if tmp1 ~= nil and math.floor(tmp1) == tmp1 then
		if tmp1 &lt; 0 then tmp1 = -1 end
		tmp2 = append_after - pin
		for idx = pin + 1, pin + tmp1 do tbl[idx + tmp2] = src[idx] end
		pin = pin + tmp1 + 1
	end
	if tnamed ~= nil then
		for key, val in pairs(tnamed) do tbl[key] = val end
	end
	return tbl, pin, tnew, mem
end


-- Load the optional arguments of some of the `mapping_*` and `renaming_*`
-- class of modifiers
local function load_callback_opts (src, start_from, default_style, params)
	local style, shf
	local tmp = src[start_from + 1]
	if tmp ~= nil then style = mapping_styles[tmp:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'] end
	if style == nil then style, shf = default_style, start_from - 1
	else shf = start_from end
	local n_exist, karg, varg = style[3], style[4], style[5]
	tmp = style[6]
	if tmp &gt; -1 then
		karg = src[tmp + shf]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
		if karg == '0' or karg:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then
			karg = tonumber(karg)
			n_exist = math.max(n_exist, karg)
		end
	end
	tmp = style[7]
	if tmp &gt; -1 then
		varg = src[tmp + shf]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
		if varg == '0' or varg:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then
			varg = tonumber(varg)
			n_exist = math.max(n_exist, varg)
		end
	end
	tmp = style[1]
	local dest, argc, tnew, mem = load_child_opts(src, style[2] + shf,
		n_exist, params)
	if (tmp == 3 or tmp == 2) and dest[karg] ~= nil then
		tmp = tmp - 2 end
	if (tmp == 3 or tmp == 1) and dest[varg] ~= nil then
		tmp = tmp - 1 end
	return dest, argc, tmp, karg, varg, tnew, mem
end


-- Parse the arguments of some of the `mapping_*` and `renaming_*` class of
-- modifiers
local function load_replace_args (opts, offs, whoami)
	if opts[offs + 1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No pattern string was given', 0) end
	if opts[offs + 2] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No replacement string was given', 0) end
	local tn, flg
	local ptn, repl, nmax, argc =
		opts[offs + 1], opts[offs + 2], tonumber(opts[offs + 3]), 3
	if nmax ~= nil then argc = 4
	elseif opts[offs + 3] ~= nil then
		tn = opts[offs + 3]:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
		if tn == nil then argc = 4 end
	end
	if tn == nil and opts[offs + argc] ~= nil then
		tn = opts[offs + argc]:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	end
	if tn ~= nil then
		flg = mkeywords[tn]
		if flg ~= nil then tn = nil end
	end
	if flg == 0 then flg = nil elseif flg ~= nil then argc = argc + 1 end
	return ptn, repl, nmax, flg, offs + argc, (nmax ~= nil and nmax &lt; 1) or
		(flg == 3 and ptn == repl), tn
end


-- Parse the arguments of the `with_*_matching` class of modifiers
local function load_pattern_args (opts, offs, whoami)
	local tn, kwid
	local ptns, arg, state, nptns, idx = {}, opts[offs + 1], 0, 0, offs + 2
	while arg ~= nil do
		if state == 0 then
			nptns, state = nptns + 1, -1
			ptns[nptns] = { arg, false, false }
		else
			tn = arg:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
			kwid = tn and mkeywords[tn]
			if kwid == nil or (state &gt; 0 and kwid &gt; 0) then break
			else
				state = kwid
				if state &gt; 1 then ptns[nptns][2] = true end
				if state == 3 then ptns[nptns][3] = true end
			end
		end
		arg, idx = opts[idx], idx + 1
	end
	if state == 0 then error(modulename ..
		', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No pattern was given', 0) end
	return ptns, nptns, idx - 1, kwid == nil and tn or nil
end


-- Load the optional arguments of the `parsing`, `reinterpreting` and
-- `evaluating` modifiers
local function load_parse_opts (opts, offs, isp, psp)
	local tn, tmp
	local optslots, noptslots, argc, trimn, trimu, iplain, pplain =
		{ true, true, true }, 3, offs, true, false, true, true
	repeat
		noptslots, tmp = noptslots - 1, opts[argc]
		tn = tmp and tmp:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
		if tn == nil then break end
		if optslots[1] ~= nil and trim_parse_opts[tn] ~= nil then
			tmp = trim_parse_opts[tn]
			trimn, trimu, optslots[1] = tmp[1], tmp[2], nil
		elseif optslots[2] ~= nil and isep_parse_opts[tn] ~= nil then
			argc = argc + 1
			iplain, isp, optslots[2] = isep_parse_opts[tn],
				opts[argc], nil
		elseif optslots[3] ~= nil and psep_parse_opts[tn] ~= nil then
			argc = argc + 1
			pplain, psp, optslots[3] = psep_parse_opts[tn],
				opts[argc], nil
		else break end
		argc, tn = argc + 1, nil
	until noptslots &lt; 1
	return isp, iplain, psp, pplain, trimn, trimu, argc, tn
end


-- Map parameters' values using a custom callback and a referenced table
local value_maps = {
	[0] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn)
		for key in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = fn() end
	end,
	[1] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn)
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			margs[varg] = val
			tbl[key] = fn()
		end
	end,
	[2] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn)
		for key in pairs(tbl) do
			margs[karg] = key
			tbl[key] = fn()
		end
	end,
	[3] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn)
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			margs[karg], margs[varg] = key, val
			tbl[key] = fn()
		end
	end
}


-- Private table for `map_names()`
local name_thieves = {
	[0] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn)
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn())
		end
	end,
	[1] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn)
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			rargs[varg] = val
			steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn())
		end
	end,
	[2] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn)
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			rargs[karg] = key
			steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn())
		end
	end,
	[3] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn)
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			rargs[karg], rargs[varg] = key, val
			steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn())
		end
	end
}


-- Map parameters' names using a custom callback and a referenced table
local function map_names (tbl, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, fn)
	local cache = {}
	name_thieves[looptype](cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn)
	for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end
end


-- Return a new table that contains `src` regrouped according to the numeric
-- suffixes in its keys
local function make_groups (src)
	-- NOTE: `src` might be the original metatable!
	local prefix, gid
	local groups = {}
	for key, val in pairs(src) do
		-- `key` must only be a string or a number...
		if type(key) == 'string' then
			prefix, gid = key:match'^%s*(.-)%s*(%-?%d*)%s*$'
			gid = tonumber(gid) or ''
		else prefix, gid = '', key end
		if groups[gid] == nil then groups[gid] = {} end
		if prefix == '0' or prefix:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then
			prefix = tonumber(prefix)
			if prefix &lt; 1 then prefix = prefix - 1 end
		end
		groups[gid][prefix] = val
	end
	return groups
end


-- Split into parts a string containing the `$#` and `$@` placeholders and
-- return the information as a skeleton table, a canvas table and a length
local function parse_placeholder_string (target)
	local skel, canvas, idx, s_pos, e_pos =
		{}, {}, 1, 1, string.find(target, '%$[@#]', 1, false)
	while e_pos ~= nil do
		canvas[idx], skel[idx + 1] =
			target:sub(s_pos, e_pos - 1),
			target:sub(e_pos, e_pos + 1) == '$@'
		idx, s_pos = idx + 2, e_pos + 2
		e_pos = string.find(target, '%$[@#]', s_pos, false)
	end
	if (s_pos &gt; target:len()) then idx = idx - 1
	else canvas[idx] = target:sub(s_pos) end
	return skel, canvas, idx
end


-- Populate a table by parsing a parameter string (heavy lifting for `parsing`,
-- `reinterpreting` and `evaluating`)
local function parse_parameter_string (tbl, str, isp, ipl, psp, ppl, trn, tru)
	local key, val, spos1, spos2, pos1, pos2
	local pos3, idx, lenplone = 0, 1, #str + 1
	if isp == nil or isp == '' then
		if psp == nil or psp == '' then
			if tru then tbl[idx] = str:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
			else tbl[idx] = str end
			return
		end
		spos1, spos2 = str:find(psp, 1, ppl)
		if spos1 == nil then
			key = idx
			if tru then val = str:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
			else val = str end
		else
			key = get_param_name(str:sub(1, spos1 - 1))
			val = str:sub(spos2 + 1)
			if trn then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end
		end
		tbl[key] = val
		return
	end
	if psp == nil or psp == '' then
		repeat
			pos1 = pos3 + 1
			pos2, pos3 = str:find(isp, pos1, ipl)
			val = str:sub(pos1, (pos2 or lenplone) - 1)
			if tru then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end
			tbl[idx], idx = val, idx + 1
		until pos2 == nil
		return
	end
	repeat
		pos1 = pos3 + 1
		pos2, pos3 = str:find(isp, pos1, ipl)
		val = str:sub(pos1, (pos2 or lenplone) - 1)
		spos1, spos2 = val:find(psp, 1, ppl)
		if spos1 == nil then
			key = idx
			if tru then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end
			idx = idx + 1
		else
			key = get_param_name(val:sub(1, spos1 - 1))
			val = val:sub(spos2 + 1)
			if trn then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end
		end
		tbl[key] = val
	until pos2 == nil
	return
end


-- Heavy lifting for `snapshotting` and `remembering`
local function make_child (ctx, src, whoami)
	local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[ctx.fnpos + 1])
	if len == nil or len == 0 then
		local stack = new_substack(ctx)
		for key, val in pairs(src) do stack[key] = val end
		return len == nil and 1 or 2
	end
	if len &lt; 0 or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename .. ', ‘' ..
		whoami .. '’: The number of parameters to copy must be an integer greater than zero', 0) end
	copy_table_maxn(new_substack(ctx), src, len)
	return 2
end


-- Heavy lifting for `setting_by_flushing`, `combining` and `combining_values`
local function set_strings_from_substack (ctx, dest, whoami)
	if ctx.n_children &lt; 1 then error(modulename ..
		', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: There are no substacks to flush', 0) end
	local currsnap = ctx.n_children
	local stack = ctx.children[currsnap]
	for key, val in pairs(memoryslots) do
		if stack[key] ~= nil then dest[val] = stack[key] end
	end
	ctx.children[currsnap], ctx.n_children = nil, currsnap - 1
end


-- Heavy lifting for `combining` and `combining_values`
local function combine_parameters (ctx, keyval_fn, whoami)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! This function
	-- MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos
	if opts[offs + 1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end
	local argc
	local tbl, vars = ctx.params, {}
	local sortfn, ivar0, dosort, tmp = load_sort_opt(opts[offs + 2])
	if ivar0 == 2 then
		tmp = opts[offs + 3] ~= nil and opts[offs + 3]:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	end
	ivar0 = ivar0 + offs
	if tmp == 'with_flushed_glue' then
		ivar0 = ivar0 + 1
		argc = set_strings_from_opts(vars, opts, ivar0 + 1)
		set_strings_from_substack(ctx, vars, whoami)
	else
		if tmp == 'without_flushed_glue' then ivar0 = ivar0 + 1 end
		argc = set_strings_from_opts(vars, opts, ivar0 + 1)
	end
	if argc &lt; ivar0 then error(modulename ..
		', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No setting directive was given', 0) end
	if next(tbl) == nil then
		if vars.ifngiven ~= nil then ctx.params =
			{ [get_param_name(opts[offs + 1])] = vars.ifngiven }
		elseif tbl == ctx.oparams then ctx.params = {} end
		return argc + 1
	end
	local cache, len
	if dosort then
		local words
		cache, words, len, tmp = get_sorted_key_list(tbl, sortfn)
		for idx = 1, tmp do cache[len + idx] = words[idx] end
		len = len + tmp
	else
		cache, len = {}, 1
		for key in pairs(tbl) do cache[len], len = key, len + 1 end
		len = len - 1
	end
	local pmap, nss, kvs, pps =
		{}, 0, vars.pairsep or '', vars.itersep or ''
	for idx = 1, len do
		tmp, pmap[nss + 1] = cache[idx], pps
		pmap[nss + 2] = keyval_fn(tmp, tbl[tmp], kvs)
		nss = nss + 2
	end
	tmp = vars.oxfordsep or vars.lastsep
	if tmp ~= nil and nss &gt; 4 then pmap[nss - 1] = tmp
	elseif nss &gt; 2 and vars.lastsep ~= nil then
		pmap[nss - 1] = vars.lastsep
	end
	pmap[1] = vars.header or ''
	if vars.footer ~= nil then pmap[nss + 1] = vars.footer end
	ctx.params = { [get_param_name(opts[offs + 1])] = table.concat(pmap) }
	return argc + 1
end


-- Concatenate the numeric keys from the table of parameters to the numeric
-- keys from the table of options; non-numeric keys from the table of options
-- will prevail over colliding non-numeric keys from the table of parameters
local function concat_params (ctx, offs)
	local tbl, retval, cache, nmax = ctx.params, {}, {}, 0
	for key, val in pairs(ctx.pipe) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			if key &lt; 1 then cache[key] = val
			elseif key &gt; offs then cache[key - offs] = val end
			if key &gt; nmax then nmax = key end
		else cache[key] = val end
	end
	nmax = nmax - offs
	if ctx.subset == 1 then
		-- We need only the sequence
		for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do retval[key + nmax] = val end
	else
		if ctx.subset == -1 then
			for key in ipairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = nil end
		end
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) == 'number' and key &gt; 0 then
				retval[key + nmax] = val
			else retval[key] = val end
		end
	end
	for key, val in pairs(cache) do retval[key] = val end
	return retval
end


-- Flush the parameters by calling a custom function for each value (after this
-- function has been invoked `ctx.params` will be no longer usable)
local function flush_params (ctx, fn)
	local tmp
	local tbl = ctx.params
	if ctx.subset == -1 then
		for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = nil end
	elseif ctx.subset == 1 then
		if ctx.pins == nil then
			for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do fn(key, val) end
			return
		end
		tmp = {}
		for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do tmp[key] = val end
		tbl = tmp
	end
	if ctx.pins ~= nil then
		local marker = ctx.sorttype &lt; 1 and ctx.subset ~= -1 or nil
		for idx = 1, #ctx.pins do
			tmp = ctx.pins[idx]
			if tbl[tmp] ~= nil then
				fn(tmp, tbl[tmp])
				tbl[tmp] = marker
			end
		end
		if ctx.subset == 1 then
			for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do
				if val ~= true then fn(key, val) end
			end
			return
		end
	end
	if ctx.sorttype &gt; 0 then
		local nums, words, nn, nw =
			get_sorted_key_list(tbl, natural_sort)
		if ctx.sorttype == 2 then
			for idx = 1, nw do fn(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end
			for idx = 1, nn do fn(nums[idx], tbl[nums[idx]]) end
			return
		end
		for idx = 1, nn do fn(nums[idx], tbl[nums[idx]]) end
		for idx = 1, nw do fn(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end
		return
	end
	if ctx.subset == -1 or ctx.pins == nil then
		for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do
			fn(key, val)
			tbl[key] = nil
		end
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do fn(key, val) end
		return
	end
	for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do
		if val ~= true then fn(key, val) end
		tbl[key] = nil
	end
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		if val ~= true then fn(key, val) end
	end
end


-- Flush the parameters by calling one of two custom functions for each value
-- (after this function has been invoked `ctx.params` will be no longer usable)
local function mixed_flush_params (ctx, fn_seq, fn_oth)
	if ctx.subset == 1 then
		flush_params(ctx, fn_seq)
		return
	end
	if ctx.subset == -1 then
		flush_params(ctx, fn_oth)
		return
	end
	local tbl = ctx.params
	if ctx.pins == nil and ctx.sorttype &lt; 1 then
		for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do
			fn_seq(key, val)
			tbl[key] = nil
		end
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do fn_oth(key, val) end
		return
	end
	local tseq = {}
	for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do tseq[key] = val end
	if ctx.pins ~= nil then
		local tmp
		local marker = ctx.sorttype &lt; 1 or nil
		for idx = 1, #ctx.pins do
			tmp = ctx.pins[idx]
			if tseq[tmp] ~= nil then
				fn_seq(tmp, tbl[tmp])
				tbl[tmp], tseq[tmp] = nil, marker
			elseif tbl[tmp] ~= nil then
				fn_oth(tmp, tbl[tmp])
				tbl[tmp] = nil
			end
		end
	end
	if ctx.sorttype &gt; 0 then
		local nums, words, nn, nw =
			get_sorted_key_list(tbl, natural_sort)
		if ctx.sorttype == 2 then
			for idx = 1, nw do
				fn_oth(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]])
			end
		end
		for idx = 1, nn do
			if tseq[nums[idx]] ~= nil then
				fn_seq(nums[idx], tseq[nums[idx]])
			else fn_oth(nums[idx], tbl[nums[idx]]) end
		end
		if ctx.sorttype ~= 2 then
			for idx = 1, nw do
				fn_oth(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]])
			end
		end
		return
	end
	for key, val in ipairs(tseq) do
		if val ~= true then
			fn_seq(key, val)
			tbl[key] = nil
		end
	end
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do fn_oth(key, val) end
end


-- Finalize and return a concatenated list
local function finalize_and_return_concatenated_list (ctx, lst, len, modsize)
	if len &gt; 0 then
		local tmp = ctx.oxfordsep or ctx.lastsep
		if tmp ~= nil and len &gt; modsize * 2 then
			lst[len - modsize + 1] = tmp
		elseif len &gt; modsize and ctx.lastsep ~= nil then
			lst[len - modsize + 1] = ctx.lastsep
		end
		lst[1] = ctx.header or ''
		if ctx.footer ~= nil then lst[len + 1] = ctx.footer end
		ctx.text = table.concat(lst)
	else ctx.text = ctx.ifngiven or '' end
end


	---                                        ---
	---     PUBLIC ENVIRONMENT                 ---
	---    ________________________________    ---
	---                                        ---


	--[[ Modifiers ]]--
	-------------------


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|sequential|pipe to
library.sequential = function (ctx)
	if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename ..
		': The ‘sequential’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end
	if ctx.subset == -1 then error(modulename ..
		': The two directives ‘non-sequential’ and ‘sequential’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end
	if ctx.sorttype &gt; 0 then error(modulename ..
		': The ‘all_sorted’ and ‘reassorted’ directives are redundant when followed by ‘sequential’', 0) end
	ctx.iterfunc, ctx.subset = ipairs, 1
	return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|non-sequential|pipe to
library['non-sequential'] = function (ctx)
	if ctx.subset == -1 then error(modulename ..
		': The ‘non-sequential’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end
	if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename ..
		': The two directives ‘sequential’ and ‘non-sequential’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end
	ctx.iterfunc, ctx.subset = pairs, -1
	return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|all_sorted|pipe to
library.all_sorted = function (ctx)
	if ctx.sorttype == 1 then error(modulename ..
		': The ‘all_sorted’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end
	if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename ..
		': The ‘all_sorted’ directive is redundant after ‘sequential’', 0) end
	if ctx.sorttype == 2 then error(modulename ..
		': The two directives ‘reassorted’ and ‘sequential’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end
	ctx.sorttype = 1
	return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|reassorted|pipe to
library.reassorted = function (ctx)
	if ctx.sorttype == 2 then error(modulename ..
		': The ‘reassorted’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end
	if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename ..
		': The ‘reassorted’ directive is redundant after ‘sequential’', 0) end
	if ctx.sorttype == 1 then error(modulename ..
		': The two directives ‘sequential’ and ‘reassorted’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end
	ctx.sorttype = 2
	return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|pinned_until|sentinel|[parameter name 1]|[parameter
--            name 2]|...|parameter name N|sentinel|pipe to
library.pinned_until = function (ctx)
	local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos
	if opts[offs + 1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘pinned_until’: No sentinel was provided', 0) end
	local tmp, bucket, curr, ncurr
	local sntl, idx = opts[offs + 1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$', 2
	if ctx.pin_bucket == nil then
		bucket, curr, ncurr = {}, {}, 0
		ctx.pin_bucket, ctx.pins = bucket, curr
	else bucket, curr, ncurr = ctx.pin_bucket, ctx.pins, ctx.npins end
	while opts[offs + idx] ~= nil do
		tmp = opts[offs + idx]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
		if tmp == sntl then
			if idx == 2 then error(modulename ..
				', ‘pinned_until’: No parameters to pin were provided', 0) end
			ctx.npins = ncurr + idx - 2
			return context_iterate(ctx, offs + idx + 1)
		end
		if tmp == '0' or tmp:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then
			tmp = tonumber(tmp)
		end
		if bucket[tmp] then error(modulename ..
			', ‘pinned_until’: Duplicate pinned parameter ‘' .. tostring(tmp) .. '’', 0) end
		curr[ncurr + idx - 1], bucket[tmp], idx = tmp, true, idx + 1
	end
	error(modulename .. ', ‘pinned_until’: Missing sentinel in position #' .. tostring(idx), 0)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|setting|directives|...|pipe to
library.setting = function (ctx)
	local new_offs = set_strings_from_opts(ctx, ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos + 1)
	if new_offs - ctx.fnpos &lt; 2 then error(modulename ..
		', ‘setting’: No directive was given', 0) end
	return context_iterate(ctx, new_offs + 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|scoring|new parameter name|[container]|pipe to
library.scoring = function (ctx)
	local opts, offs, retval = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos, 0
	if opts[offs + 1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘scoring’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end
	for _ in pairs(ctx.params) do retval = retval + 1 end
	local tn = opts[offs + 2] and opts[offs + 2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	if tn == 'in_substack' then
		new_substack(ctx)[get_param_name(opts[offs + 1])] =
			tostring(retval)
		return context_iterate(ctx, offs + 3)
	end
	ctx.params[get_param_name(opts[offs + 1])] = tostring(retval)
	return tn == 'here' and context_iterate(ctx, offs + 3) or
		context_iterate(ctx, offs + 2, tn)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|squeezing|pipe to
library.squeezing = function (ctx)
	local store, indices, tbl, newlen = {}, {}, ctx.params, 0
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			newlen = newlen + 1
			indices[newlen], store[key], tbl[key] = key, val, nil
		end
	end
	table.sort(indices)
	for idx = 1, newlen do tbl[idx] = store[indices[idx]] end
	return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|filling_the_gaps|pipe to
library.filling_the_gaps = function (ctx)
	local newval, tbl, tmp, nmin, nmax, nnums =
		ctx.pipe[ctx.fnpos + 1], ctx.params, {}, 1, nil, -1
	if newval == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘filling_the_gaps’: No value was provided', 0) end
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			if nmax == nil then
				if key &lt; nmin then nmin = key end
				nmax = key
			elseif key &gt; nmax then nmax = key
			elseif key &lt; nmin then nmin = key end
			tmp[key], nnums = val, nnums + 1
		end
	end
	if nmax ~= nil and nmax - nmin &gt; nnums then
		ctx.n_available = ctx.n_available + nmin + nnums - nmax
		if ctx.n_available &lt; 0 then error(modulename ..
			', ‘filling_the_gaps’: It is possible to fill at most ' .. tostring(maxfill) .. ' parameters', 0) end
		for idx = nmin, nmax do tbl[idx] = newval end
		for key, val in pairs(tmp) do tbl[key] = val end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 2)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|clearing|pipe to
library.clearing = function (ctx)
	local tbl, numerics = ctx.params, {}
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			numerics[key], tbl[key] = val, nil
		end
	end
	for key, val in ipairs(numerics) do tbl[key] = val end
	return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|cutting|left cut|right cut|pipe to
library.cutting = function (ctx)
	local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos
	local lcut = tonumber(opts[offs + 1])
	if lcut == nil or math.floor(lcut) ~= lcut then error(modulename ..
		', ‘cutting’: Left cut must be an integer number', 0) end
	local rcut = tonumber(opts[offs + 2])
	if rcut == nil or math.floor(rcut) ~= rcut then error(modulename ..
		', ‘cutting’: Right cut must be an integer number', 0) end
	local tbl = ctx.params
	local len = #tbl
	if lcut &lt; 0 then lcut = len + lcut end
	if rcut &lt; 0 then rcut = len + rcut end
	local tot = lcut + rcut
	if tot &gt; 0 then
		local cache = {}
		if tot &gt;= len then
			for key in ipairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = nil end
			tot = len
		else
			for idx = len - rcut + 1, len do tbl[idx] = nil end
			for idx = 1, lcut do tbl[idx] = nil end
		end
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) == 'number' and key &gt; 0 then
				if key &gt; len then cache[key - tot] = val
				else cache[key - lcut] = val end
				tbl[key] = nil
			end
		end
		for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, offs + 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|cropping|left crop|right crop|pipe to
library.cropping = function (ctx)
	local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos
	local lcut = tonumber(opts[offs + 1])
	if lcut == nil or math.floor(lcut) ~= lcut then error(modulename ..
		', ‘cropping’: Left crop must be an integer number', 0) end
	local rcut = tonumber(opts[offs + 2])
	if rcut == nil or math.floor(rcut) ~= rcut then error(modulename ..
		', ‘cropping’: Right crop must be an integer number', 0) end
	local tbl = ctx.params
	local nmin, nmax
	for key in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			if nmin == nil then nmin, nmax = key, key
			elseif key &gt; nmax then nmax = key
			elseif key &lt; nmin then nmin = key end
		end
	end
	if nmin ~= nil then
		local len = nmax - nmin + 1
		if lcut &lt; 0 then lcut = len + lcut end
		if rcut &lt; 0 then rcut = len + rcut end
		if lcut + rcut - len &gt; -1 then
			for key in pairs(tbl) do
				if type(key) == 'number' then tbl[key] = nil end
			end
		elseif lcut + rcut &gt; 0 then
			for idx = nmax - rcut + 1, nmax do tbl[idx] = nil end
			for idx = nmin, nmin + lcut - 1 do tbl[idx] = nil end
			local lshift = nmin + lcut - 1
			if lshift &gt; 0 then
				for idx = lshift + 1, nmax do
					tbl[idx - lshift], tbl[idx] =
						tbl[idx], nil
				end
			end
		end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, offs + 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|purging|start offset|length|pipe to
library.purging = function (ctx)
	local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos
	local idx = tonumber(opts[offs + 1])
	if idx == nil or math.floor(idx) ~= idx then error(modulename ..
		', ‘purging’: Start offset must be an integer number', 0) end
	local len = tonumber(opts[offs + 2])
	if len == nil or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename ..
		', ‘purging’: Length must be an integer number', 0) end
	local tbl = ctx.params
	if len &lt; 1 then
		len = len + table.maxn(tbl)
		if idx &gt; len then return context_iterate(ctx, offs + 3) end
		len = len - idx + 1
	end
	ctx.params = copy_table_reduced(tbl, idx, len)
	return context_iterate(ctx, offs + 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|backpurging|start offset|length|pipe to
library.backpurging = function (ctx)
	local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos
	local last = tonumber(opts[offs + 1])
	if last == nil or math.floor(last) ~= last then error(modulename ..
		', ‘backpurging’: Start offset must be an integer number', 0) end
	local len = tonumber(opts[offs + 2])
	if len == nil or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename ..
		', ‘backpurging’: Length must be an integer number', 0) end
	local idx
	local tbl = ctx.params
	if len &gt; 0 then idx = last - len + 1
	else
		for key in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) == 'number' and (idx == nil or
				key &lt; idx) then idx = key end
		end
		if idx == nil then return context_iterate(ctx, offs + 3) end
		idx = idx - len
		if last &lt; idx then return context_iterate(ctx, offs + 3) end
		len = last - idx + 1
	end
	ctx.params = copy_table_reduced(ctx.params, idx, len)
	return context_iterate(ctx, offs + 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|shifting|addend|pipe to
library.shifting = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local nshift = tonumber(ctx.pipe[ctx.fnpos + 1])
	if nshift == nil or nshift == 0 or math.floor(nshift) ~= nshift then
		error(modulename .. ', ‘shifting’: A non-zero integer number must be provided', 0) end
	local tbl = {}
	for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then tbl[key + nshift] = val
		else tbl[key] = val end
	end
	ctx.params = tbl
	return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 2)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|reversing_numeric_names|pipe to
library.reversing_numeric_names = function (ctx)
	local tbl, numerics, nmax = ctx.params, {}, 0
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			numerics[key], tbl[key] = val, nil
			if key &gt; nmax then nmax = key end
		end
	end
	for key, val in pairs(numerics) do tbl[nmax - key + 1] = val end
	return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|pivoting_numeric_names|pipe to
--[[
library.pivoting_numeric_names = function (ctx)
	local tbl = ctx.params
	local shift = #tbl + 1
	if shift &lt; 2 then return library.reversing_numeric_names(ctx) end
	local tmp = {}
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then tmp[key], tbl[key] = val, nil end
	end
	for key, val in pairs(tmp) do tbl[shift - key] = val end
	return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 1)
end
]]--


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mirroring_numeric_names|pipe to
--[[
library.mirroring_numeric_names = function (ctx)
	local nmax, nmin
	local tbl, tmp = ctx.params, {}
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			tmp[key], tbl[key] = val, nil
			if nmax == nil then nmin, nmax = key, key
			elseif key &gt; nmax then nmax = key
			elseif key &lt; nmin then nmin = key end
		end
	end
	for key, val in pairs(tmp) do tbl[nmax + nmin - key] = val end
	return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 1)
end
]]--


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|swapping_numeric_names|pipe to
--[[
library.swapping_numeric_names = function (ctx)
	local tmp
	local tbl, cache, nsize = ctx.params, {}, 1
	for key in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			cache[nsize], nsize = key, nsize + 1
		end
	end
	table.sort(cache)
	for idx = math.floor((nsize - 1) / 2), 1, -1 do
		tmp = tbl[cache[idx] ]
		tbl[cache[idx] ] = tbl[cache[nsize - idx] ]
		tbl[cache[nsize - idx] ] = tmp
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 1)
end
]]--


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|sorting_sequential_values|[criterion]|pipe to
library.sorting_sequential_values = function (ctx)
	local sortfn
	local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos
	local tn = opts[offs + 1] and opts[offs + 1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	if tn ~= nil then sortfn = sortfunctions[tn] end
	if sortfn then table.sort(ctx.params, sortfn)
	else table.sort(ctx.params) end -- i.e. either `false` or `nil`
	if sortfn == nil then return context_iterate(ctx, offs + 1, tn) end
	return context_iterate(ctx, offs + 2)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|splicing|[add to position]|position|increment|
--            [number of elements to write]|...|pipe to
library.splicing = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local tmp2, argc, pos, refp
	local tbl, opts, offs = ctx.params, ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos
	local tmp1 = opts[offs + 1]
	if tmp1 ~= nil then
		tmp2 = tonumber(tmp1)
		if tmp2 == nil or math.floor(tmp2) ~= tmp2 then
			pos, argc, tmp2 = tonumber(opts[offs + 2]), offs + 4,
				tmp1:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
			if tmp2 ~= nil then
				refp = position_references[tmp2]
				if refp == nil then error(modulename ..
					', ‘splicing’: ‘' .. tostring(tmp2) .. '’ is not a valid first argument', 0) end
			else refp = 0 end
		else pos, argc, refp = tmp2, offs + 3, 0 end
	else pos, argc, refp = tonumber(opts[offs + 2]), offs + 4, 0 end
	if pos == nil or math.floor(pos) ~= pos then error(modulename ..
		', ‘splicing’: The position must be an integer number', 0) end
	local len = tonumber(opts[argc - 1])
	if len == nil or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename ..
		', ‘splicing’: The increment must be an integer number', 0) end
	local insn = tonumber(opts[argc])
	if len == 0 and (insn == nil or insn &lt; 1) then error(modulename ..
		', ‘splicing’: When the increment is zero the number of elements to write cannot be zero', 0) end
	if refp == 2 then
		for _ in ipairs(tbl) do pos = pos + 1 end
		refp = 0
	end
	tmp1, tmp2 = nil, nil
	if refp ~= 0 or len ~= 0 then
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) == 'number' then
				if tmp1 == nil then tmp1, tmp2 = key, key
				elseif key &lt; tmp1 then tmp1 = key
				elseif key &gt; tmp2 then tmp2 = key end
			end
		end
	end
	if tmp2 == nil then len = 0
	elseif refp == 3 then pos = pos + tmp2
	elseif refp == 1 then pos = pos + tmp1 end
	if len &gt; 0 and pos + len &gt; tmp1 and pos &lt;= tmp2 then
		tbl = copy_table_expanded(tbl, pos, len)
	elseif len &lt; 0 and pos - len &gt; tmp1 and pos &lt;= tmp2 then
		tbl = copy_table_reduced(tbl, pos, -len)
	else tbl = copy_or_ref_table(tbl, tbl ~= ctx.oparams) end
	ctx.params = tbl
	if insn == nil or insn &lt; 0 or math.floor(insn) ~= insn then
		return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
	end
	tmp1 = argc - offs - pos + 1
	for key = pos, pos + insn - 1 do tbl[key] = opts[offs + key + tmp1] end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc + insn + 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|imposing|name|value|pipe to
library.imposing = function (ctx)
	local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos
	if opts[offs + 1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘imposing’: Missing parameter name to impose', 0) end
	ctx.params[get_param_name(opts[offs + 1])] = opts[offs + 2]
	return context_iterate(ctx, offs + 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|providing|name|value|pipe to
library.providing = function (ctx)
	local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos
	if opts[offs + 1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘providing’: Missing parameter name to provide', 0) end
	local key = get_param_name(opts[offs + 1])
	if ctx.params[key] == nil then ctx.params[key] = opts[offs + 2] end
	return context_iterate(ctx, offs + 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|reassigning|source|destination|[mode]|pipe to
library.reassigning = function (ctx)
	local tbl, opts, offs = ctx.params, ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos
	if opts[offs + 1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘reassigning’: Missing source parameter', 0) end
	if opts[offs + 2] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘reassigning’: Missing destination parameter', 0) end
	local mode, argc
	local src, tn = get_param_name(opts[offs + 1]),
		opts[offs + 3] ~= nil and opts[offs + 3]:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	local val = tbl[src]
	if tn ~= nil then mode = a_modes[tn] end
	if mode == nil then mode, argc = 0, offs + 3
	else argc, tn = offs + 4, nil end
	if val == nil and mode &gt; 1 then
		return context_iterate(ctx, argc, tn)
	end
	local dest = get_param_name(opts[offs + 2])
	local tmp = tbl[dest] == nil
	if mode % 2 == 0 or (mode == 7 and tmp) then tbl[src] = nil end
	if tmp or mode &lt; 4 then tbl[dest] = val end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc, tn)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|discarding|name|[how many]|pipe to
library.discarding = function (ctx)
	local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos
	if opts[offs + 1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘discarding’: Missing parameter name to discard', 0) end
	local len = tonumber(opts[offs + 2])
	if len == nil then
		ctx.params[get_param_name(opts[offs + 1])] = nil
		return context_iterate(ctx, offs + 2)
	end
	local key = tonumber(opts[offs + 1])
	if key == nil or math.floor(key) ~= key then error(modulename ..
		', ‘discarding’: A range was provided, but the initial parameter name is not an integer number', 0) end
	if len &lt; 1 or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename ..
		', ‘discarding’: A range can only be an integer number greater than zero', 0) end
	for idx = key, key + len - 1 do ctx.params[idx] = nil end
	return context_iterate(ctx, offs + 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|excluding_non-numeric_names|pipe to
library['excluding_non-numeric_names'] = function (ctx)
	local tmp = ctx.params
	for key, val in pairs(tmp) do
		if type(key) ~= 'number' then tmp[key] = nil end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|excluding_numeric_names|pipe to
library.excluding_numeric_names = function (ctx)
	local tmp = ctx.params
	for key, val in pairs(tmp) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then tmp[key] = nil end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|with_name_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1]|[or]|
--            [target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[or]|[...]|[target N]|[plain flag
--            N]|pipe to
library.with_name_matching = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local tmp, ptn
	local tbl, newparams, opts, offs = ctx.params, {}, ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos
	local targets, nptns, argc, tn = load_pattern_args(opts, offs,
		'with_name_matching')
	for idx = 1, nptns do
		ptn = targets[idx]
		if ptn[3] then
			tmp = ptn[1]
			if tmp == '0' or tmp:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then
				tmp = tonumber(tmp)
			end
			newparams[tmp] = tbl[tmp]
		else
			for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
				if tostring(key):find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then
					newparams[key] = val
				end
			end
		end
	end
	ctx.params = newparams
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc, tn)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|with_name_not_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1]|
--            [and]|[target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[and]|[...]|[target N]|[plain
--            flag N]|pipe to
library.with_name_not_matching = function (ctx)
	local tbl, opts, offs = ctx.params, ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos
	local targets, nptns, argc, tn = load_pattern_args(opts, offs,
		'with_name_not_matching')
	if nptns == 1 and targets[1][3] then
		local tmp = targets[1][1]
		if tmp == '0' or tmp:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then
			tbl[tonumber(tmp)] = nil
		else tbl[tmp] = nil end
		return context_iterate(ctx, argc, tn)
	end
	local yesmatch, ptn
	for key in pairs(tbl) do
		yesmatch = true
		for idx = 1, nptns do
			ptn = targets[idx]
			if ptn[3] then
				if tostring(key) ~= ptn[1] then
					yesmatch = false
					break
				end
			elseif not tostring(key):find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then
				yesmatch = false
				break
			end
		end
		if yesmatch then tbl[key] = nil end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc, tn)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|with_value_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1]|[or]|
--            [target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[or]|[...]|[target N]|[plain flag
--            N]|pipe to
library.with_value_matching = function (ctx)
	local nomatch, ptn
	local tbl, opts, offs = ctx.params, ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos
	local targets, nptns, argc, tn = load_pattern_args(opts, offs,
		'with_value_matching')
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		nomatch = true
		for idx = 1, nptns do
			ptn = targets[idx]
			if ptn[3] then
				if val == ptn[1] then
					nomatch = false
					break
				end
			elseif val:find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then
				nomatch = false
				break
			end
		end
		if nomatch then tbl[key] = nil end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc, tn)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|with_value_not_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1]|
--            [and]|[target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[and]|[...]|[target N]|[plain
--            flag N]|pipe to
library.with_value_not_matching = function (ctx)
	local yesmatch, ptn
	local tbl, opts, offs = ctx.params, ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos
	local targets, nptns, argc, tn = load_pattern_args(opts, offs,
		'with_value_not_matching')
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		yesmatch = true
		for idx = 1, nptns do
			ptn = targets[idx]
			if ptn[3] then
				if val ~= ptn[1] then
					yesmatch = false
					break
				end
			elseif not val:find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then
				yesmatch = false
				break
			end
		end
		if yesmatch then tbl[key] = nil end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc, tn)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|keeping_at_most|number of parameters to pick|pipe to
library.keeping_at_most = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[ctx.fnpos + 1])
	if len == nil or len &lt; 1 or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename ..
		', ‘keeping_at_most’: The number of parameters to keep must be an integer greater than zero', 0) end
	ctx.params = copy_table_maxn({}, ctx.params, len)
	return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 2)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|trimming_values|pipe to
library.trimming_values = function (ctx)
	local tbl = ctx.params
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end
	return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mapping_to_lowercase|pipe to
library.mapping_to_lowercase = function (ctx)
	local tbl = ctx.params
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = val:lower() end
	return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mapping_to_uppercase|pipe to
library.mapping_to_uppercase = function (ctx)
	local tbl = ctx.params
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = val:upper() end
	return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mapping_by_calling|template name|[call
--            style]|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of additional
--            parameters]|[parameter 1]|[parameter 2]|[...]|[parameter N]|pipe to
library.mapping_by_calling = function (ctx)
	local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos
	local tname = opts[offs + 1] and opts[offs + 1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	if tname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mapping_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end
	local margs, argc, looptype, karg, varg, tbl, mem =
		load_callback_opts(opts, offs + 1, mapping_styles.values_only,
			ctx.params)
	local model = { title = tname, args = margs }
	value_maps[looptype](tbl, margs, karg, varg, function ()
		return ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model)
	end)
	for key, val in pairs(mem) do tbl[key] = val end
	ctx.params = tbl
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mapping_by_invoking|module name|function name|[call
--            style]|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of additional
--            arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to
library.mapping_by_invoking = function (ctx)
	local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos
	local mname = opts[offs + 1] and opts[offs + 1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	if mname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: No module name was provided', 0) end
	local fname = opts[offs + 2] and opts[offs + 2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	if fname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: No function name was provided', 0) end
	local margs, argc, looptype, karg, varg, tbl, mem =
		load_callback_opts(opts, offs + 2, mapping_styles.values_only,
			ctx.params)
	local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = margs }
	local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname]
	if mfunc == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end
	value_maps[looptype](tbl, margs, karg, varg, function ()
		return tostring(mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model)))
	end)
	for key, val in pairs(mem) do tbl[key] = val end
	ctx.params = tbl
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mapping_by_magic|parser function|[call
--            style]|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of additional
--            arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to
library.mapping_by_magic = function (ctx)
	local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos
	local magic = opts[offs + 1] and opts[offs + 1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	if magic == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mapping_by_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end
	local margs, argc, looptype, karg, varg, tbl, mem =
		load_callback_opts(opts, offs + 1, mapping_styles.values_only,
			ctx.params)
	value_maps[looptype](tbl, margs, karg, varg, function ()
		return ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, margs)
	end)
	for key, val in pairs(mem) do tbl[key] = val end
	ctx.params = tbl
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mapping_by_replacing|target|replace|[count]|[plain
--            flag]|pipe to
library.mapping_by_replacing = function (ctx)
	local ptn, repl, nmax, flg, argc, die, tn =
		load_replace_args(ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos, 'mapping_by_replacing')
	if die then return context_iterate(ctx, argc, tn) end
	local tbl = ctx.params
	if flg == 3 then
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if val == ptn then tbl[key] = repl end
		end
	else
		if flg == 2 then
			-- Copied from Module:String's `str._escapePattern()`
			ptn = ptn:gsub('[%(%)%.%%%+%-%*%?%[%^%$%]]', '%%%0')
		end
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			tbl[key] = val:gsub(ptn, repl, nmax)
		end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc, tn)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mapping_by_mixing|mixing string|pipe to
library.mapping_by_mixing = function (ctx)
	local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos
	if opts[offs + 1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mapping_by_mixing’: No mixing string was provided', 0) end
	local tbl, mix = ctx.params, opts[offs + 1]
	if mix == '$#' then
		for key in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = tostring(key) end
		return context_iterate(ctx, offs + 2)
	end
	local skel, cnv, n_parts = parse_placeholder_string(mix)
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		for idx = 2, n_parts, 2 do
			if skel[idx] then cnv[idx] = val
			else cnv[idx] = tostring(key) end
		end
		tbl[key] = table.concat(cnv)
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, offs + 2)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_to_lowercase|pipe to
library.renaming_to_lowercase = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local cache = {}
	for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do
		if type(key) == 'string' then cache[key:lower()] = val else
		cache[key] = val end
	end
	ctx.params = cache
	return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_to_uppercase|pipe to
library.renaming_to_uppercase = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local cache = {}
	for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do
		if type(key) == 'string' then cache[key:upper()] = val else
		cache[key] = val end
	end
	ctx.params = cache
	return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_to_sequence|[sort order]|pipe to
library.renaming_to_sequence = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local cache, len
	local tbl = ctx.params
	local sortfn, argc, dosort, tn = load_sort_opt(ctx.pipe[ctx.fnpos + 1])
	if dosort then
		local words, wl
		cache, words, len, wl = get_sorted_key_list(tbl, sortfn)
		for idx = 1, len do cache[idx] = tbl[cache[idx]] end
		for idx = 1, wl do cache[len + idx] = tbl[words[idx]] end
	else
		cache, len = {}, 1
		for _, val in pairs(tbl) do cache[len], len = val, len + 1 end
	end
	ctx.params = cache
	return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + argc, tn)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_by_calling|template name|[call
--            style]|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of additional
--            parameters]|[parameter 1]|[parameter 2]|[...]|[parameter N]|pipe to
library.renaming_by_calling = function (ctx)
	local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos
	local tname = opts[offs + 1] and opts[offs + 1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	if tname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘renaming_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end
	local rargs, argc, looptype, karg, varg, tbl, mem =
		load_callback_opts(opts, offs + 1, mapping_styles.names_only,
			ctx.params)
	local model = { title = tname, args = rargs }
	map_names(tbl, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, function ()
		return ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model)
	end)
	for key, val in pairs(mem) do tbl[key] = val end
	ctx.params = tbl
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_by_invoking|module name|function
--            name|[call style]|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of
--            additional arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument
--            N]|pipe to
library.renaming_by_invoking = function (ctx)
	local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos
	local mname = opts[offs + 1] and opts[offs + 1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	if mname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘renaming_by_invoking’: No module name was provided', 0) end
	local fname = opts[offs + 2] and opts[offs + 2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	if fname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘renaming_by_invoking’: No function name was provided', 0) end
	local rargs, argc, looptype, karg, varg, tbl, mem =
		load_callback_opts(opts, offs + 2, mapping_styles.names_only,
			ctx.params)
	local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = rargs }
	local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname]
	if mfunc == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘renaming_by_invoking’: The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end
	map_names(tbl, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, function ()
		return tostring(mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model)))
	end)
	for key, val in pairs(mem) do tbl[key] = val end
	ctx.params = tbl
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_by_magic|parser function|[call
--            style]|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of additional
--            arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to
library.renaming_by_magic = function (ctx)
	local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos
	local magic = opts[offs + 1] and opts[offs + 1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	if magic == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘renaming_by_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end
	local rargs, argc, looptype, karg, varg, tbl, mem =
		load_callback_opts(opts, offs + 1, mapping_styles.names_only,
			ctx.params)
	map_names(tbl, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, function ()
		return ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, rargs)
	end)
	for key, val in pairs(mem) do tbl[key] = val end
	ctx.params = tbl
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_by_replacing|target|replace|[count]|[plain
--            flag]|pipe to
library.renaming_by_replacing = function (ctx)
	local ptn, repl, nmax, flg, argc, die, tn =
		load_replace_args(ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos, 'renaming_by_replacing')
	if die then return context_iterate(ctx, argc, tn) end
	local tbl = ctx.params
	if flg == 3 then
		ptn = get_param_name(ptn)
		local val = tbl[ptn]
		if val ~= nil then
			tbl[ptn], tbl[get_param_name(repl)] = nil, val
		end
	else
		if flg == 2 then
			-- Copied from Module:String's `str._escapePattern()`
			ptn = ptn:gsub('[%(%)%.%%%+%-%*%?%[%^%$%]]', '%%%0')
		end
		local cache = {}
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache,
				tostring(key):gsub(ptn, repl, nmax))
		end
		for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc, tn)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_by_mixing|mixing string|pipe to
library.renaming_by_mixing = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local mix = ctx.pipe[ctx.fnpos + 1]
	if mix == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘renaming_by_mixing’: No mixing string was provided', 0) end
	local cache = {}
	mix = mix:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
	if mix == '$@' then
		for _, val in pairs(ctx.params) do
			cache[get_param_name(val)] = val
		end
	else
		local skel, canvas, n_parts = parse_placeholder_string(mix)
		for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do
			for idx = 2, n_parts, 2 do
				if skel[idx] then canvas[idx] = val
				else canvas[idx] = tostring(key) end
			end
			cache[get_param_name(table.concat(canvas))] = val
		end
	end
	ctx.params = cache
	return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 2)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|grouping_by_calling|template
--            name|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of additional
--            arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to
library.grouping_by_calling = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos
	local tmp, argc, tbl, mem =
		load_child_opts(opts, offs + 2, 0, ctx.params)
	local gargs = {}
	for key, val in pairs(tmp) do
		if type(key) == 'number' and key &lt; 1 then gargs[key - 1] = val
		else gargs[key] = val end
	end
	tmp = opts[offs + 1] and opts[offs + 1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	if tmp == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘grouping_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end
	local model = { title = tmp }
	local groups = make_groups(tbl)
	for gid, group in pairs(groups) do
		for key, val in pairs(gargs) do group[key] = val end
		group[0], model.args = gid, group
		groups[gid] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model)
	end
	for key, val in pairs(mem) do groups[key] = val end
	ctx.params = groups
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|parsing|string to parse|[trim flag]|[iteration
--            delimiter setter]|[...]|[key-value delimiter setter]|[...]|pipe to
library.parsing = function (ctx)
	local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos
	if opts[offs + 1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘parsing’: No string to parse was provided', 0) end
	local isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed, argc, tn =
		load_parse_opts(opts, offs + 2, '|', '=')
	parse_parameter_string(ctx.params, opts[offs + 1], isep, iplain, psep,
		pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed)
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc, tn)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|reinterpreting|parameter to reinterpret|[trim
--            flag]|[iteration delimiter setter]|[...]|[key-value delimiter
--            setter]|[...]|pipe to
library.reinterpreting = function (ctx)
	local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos
	if opts[offs + 1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘reinterpreting’: No parameter to reinterpret was provided', 0) end
	local isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed, argc, tn =
		load_parse_opts(opts, offs + 2, '|', '=')
	local tbl, tmp = ctx.params, get_param_name(opts[offs + 1])
	local str = tbl[tmp]
	if str ~= nil then
		tbl[tmp] = nil
		parse_parameter_string(tbl, str, isep, iplain, psep, pplain,
			trimnamed, trimunnamed)
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc, tn)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|evaluating|string to parse|[trim flag]|[iteration
--            delimiter setter]|[...]|[key-value delimiter setter]|[...]|pipe to
library.evaluating = function (ctx)
	local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos
	if opts[offs + 1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘evaluating’: No string to parse was provided', 0) end
	local isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed, repos, tn =
		load_parse_opts(opts, offs + 2, '!', ':')
	if opts[offs + 1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' == nil then
		remove_numeric_keys(opts, offs, repos - offs)
		return context_iterate(ctx, offs, tn)
	end
	local new_opts, cache = {}, {}
	parse_parameter_string(cache, opts[offs + 1], isep, iplain, psep,
		pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed)
	local shift = #cache + offs - repos + 1
	for key, val in pairs(opts) do
		if type(key) ~= 'number' or key &lt; offs then new_opts[key] = val
		elseif key &gt;= repos then new_opts[key + shift] = val end
	end
	for key, val in pairs(cache) do
		if type(key) ~= 'number' or key &lt; 1 then new_opts[key] = val
		else new_opts[key + offs] = val end
	end
	ctx.pipe = new_opts
	return context_iterate(ctx, offs + 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mixing_names_and_values|mixing string|pipe to
library.mixing_names_and_values = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos
	if opts[offs + 1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mixing_names_and_values’: No mixing string was provided for parameter names', 0) end
	if opts[offs + 2] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mixing_names_and_values’: No mixing string was provided for parameter values', 0) end
	local tmp
	local cache, mix_k, mix_v =
		{}, opts[offs + 1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$', opts[offs + 2]
	if mix_k == '$@' and mix_v == '$@' then
		for _, val in pairs(ctx.params) do
			cache[get_param_name(val)] = val
		end
	elseif mix_k == '$@' and mix_v == '$#' then
		for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do
			cache[get_param_name(val)] = tostring(key)
		end
	elseif mix_k == '$#' and mix_v == '$#' then
		for key in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[key] = tostring(key) end
	else
		local skel_k, cnv_k, n_parts_k = parse_placeholder_string(mix_k)
		local skel_v, cnv_v, n_parts_v = parse_placeholder_string(mix_v)
		for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do
			tmp = tostring(key)
			for idx = 2, n_parts_k, 2 do
				if skel_k[idx] then cnv_k[idx] = val
				else cnv_k[idx] = tmp end
			end
			for idx = 2, n_parts_v, 2 do
				if skel_v[idx] then cnv_v[idx] = val
				else cnv_v[idx] = tmp end
			end
			cache[get_param_name(table.concat(cnv_k))] =
				table.concat(cnv_v)
		end
	end
	ctx.params = cache
	return context_iterate(ctx, offs + 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|combining|new parameter name|[sort
--            order]|[with/without flushed glue]|setting directives|...|pipe to
library.combining = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	return context_iterate(ctx, combine_parameters(
		ctx,
		function (key, val, kvs) return key .. kvs .. val end,
		'combining'
	))
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|combining_values|new parameter name|[sort
--            order]|[with/without flushed glue]|setting directives|...|pipe to
library.combining_values = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	return context_iterate(ctx, combine_parameters(
		ctx,
		function (key, val, kvs) return val end,
		'combining_values'
	))
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|combining_by_calling|template name|new parameter
--            name|pipe to
library.combining_by_calling = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos
	local tname = opts[offs + 1] and opts[offs + 1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	if tname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘combining_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end
	if opts[offs + 2] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘combining_by_calling’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end
	ctx.params = {
		[get_param_name(opts[offs + 2])] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate{
			title = tname,
			args = ctx.params
		}
	}
	return context_iterate(ctx, offs + 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|combining_by_invoking|module name|function name|new
--            parameter name|pipe to
library.combining_by_invoking = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos
	local mname = opts[offs + 1] and opts[offs + 1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	if mname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘combining_by_invoking’: No module name was provided', 0) end
	local fname = opts[offs + 2] and opts[offs + 2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	if fname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘combining_by_invoking’: No function name was provided', 0) end
	if opts[offs + 3] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘combining_by_invoking’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end
	local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = ctx.params }
	local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname]
	if mfunc == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end
	ctx.params = {
		[get_param_name(opts[offs + 3])] =
			tostring(mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model)))
	}
	return context_iterate(ctx, offs + 4)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|combining_by_magic|parser function|new parameter
--            name|pipe to
library.combining_by_magic = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos
	local magic = opts[offs + 1] and opts[offs + 1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	if magic == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘combining_by_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end
	if opts[offs + 2] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘combining_by_magic’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end
	ctx.params = {
		[get_param_name(opts[offs + 2])] =
			ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, ctx.params)
	}
	return context_iterate(ctx, offs + 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|snapshotting|[maximum number]|pipe to
library.snapshotting = function (ctx)
	return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos +
		make_child(ctx, ctx.params, 'snapshotting'))
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|remembering|[maximum number]|pipe to
library.remembering = function (ctx)
	return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos +
		make_child(ctx, ctx.oparams, 'remembering'))
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|entering_substack|[new]|pipe to
library.entering_substack = function (ctx)
	local tbl, opts, offs, ncurrparent =
		ctx.params, ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos, ctx.n_parents + 1
	local tn = opts[offs + 1] and opts[offs + 1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	if ctx.parents == nil then ctx.parents = { tbl }
	else ctx.parents[ncurrparent] = tbl end
	ctx.n_parents = ncurrparent
	if tn == 'new' then
		ctx.params = {}
		return context_iterate(ctx, offs + 2)
	end
	local currsnap = ctx.n_children
	if currsnap &gt; 0 then
		ctx.params, ctx.children[currsnap], ctx.n_children =
			ctx.children[currsnap], nil, currsnap - 1
	else
		local newparams = {}
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do newparams[key] = val end
		ctx.params = newparams
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, offs + 1, tn)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|pulling|parameter name|pipe to
library.pulling = function (ctx)
	local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos
	if opts[offs + 1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘pulling’: No parameter to pull was provided', 0) end
	local tmp = ctx.n_parents
	local parent = tmp &lt; 1 and ctx.oparams or ctx.parents[tmp]
	tmp = get_param_name(opts[offs + 1])
	if parent[tmp] ~= nil then ctx.params[tmp] = parent[tmp] end
	return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 2)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|recalling|parameter name|pipe to
library.recalling = function (ctx)
	local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos
	if opts[offs + 1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘recalling’: No parameter to recall was provided', 0) end
	local arg = get_param_name(opts[offs + 1])
	if ctx.oparams[arg] ~= nil then ctx.params[arg] = ctx.oparams[arg] end
	return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 2)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|finding|parameter name|pipe to
--[[
library.finding = function (ctx)
	local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos
	if opts[offs + 1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘finding’: No parameter to find was provided', 0) end
	local arg = get_param_name(opts[offs + 1])
	local parent
	for idx = ctx.n_parents, 1, -1 do
		parent = ctx.parents[idx]
		if parent[arg] ~= nil then
			ctx.params[arg] = parent[arg]
			return context_iterate(ctx, offs + 2)
		end
	end
	if ctx.oparams[arg] ~= nil then ctx.params[arg] = ctx.oparams[arg] end
	return context_iterate(ctx, offs + 2)
end
]]--


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|picking|number of parameters to pick|pipe to
--[[
library.picking = function (ctx)
	local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[ctx.fnpos + 1])
	if len == nil or len &lt; 1 or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename ..
		', ‘picking’: The number of parameters to pick must be an integer greater than zero', 0) end
	if ctx.n_parents &lt; 1 then copy_table_maxn(ctx.params, ctx.oparams, len)
	else copy_table_maxn(ctx.params, ctx.parents[ctx.n_parents], len) end
	return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 2)
end
]]--


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|detaching_substack|pipe to
library.detaching_substack = function (ctx)
	local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents
	if ncurrparent &lt; 1 then error(modulename ..
		', ‘detaching_substack’: No substacks have been created', 0) end
	local parent = ctx.parents[ncurrparent]
	for key in pairs(ctx.params) do parent[key] = nil end
	return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|dropping_substack|pipe to
library.dropping_substack = function (ctx)
	local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents
	if ncurrparent &lt; 1 then error(modulename ..
		', ‘dropping_substack’: No substacks have been created', 0) end
	ctx.params, ctx.parents[ncurrparent], ctx.n_parents =
		ctx.parents[ncurrparent], nil, ncurrparent - 1
	return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|leaving_substack|pipe to
library.leaving_substack = function (ctx)
	local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents
	if ncurrparent &lt; 1 then error(modulename ..
		', ‘leaving_substack’: No substacks have been created', 0) end
	local currsnap = ctx.n_children + 1
	if ctx.children == nil then ctx.children = { ctx.params }
	else ctx.children[currsnap] = ctx.params end
	ctx.params, ctx.parents[ncurrparent], ctx.n_parents, ctx.n_children =
		ctx.parents[ncurrparent], nil, ncurrparent - 1, currsnap
	return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|merging_substack|pipe to
library.merging_substack = function (ctx)
	local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents
	if ncurrparent &lt; 1 then error(modulename ..
		', ‘merging_substack’: No substack has been created', 0) end
	local parent, child = ctx.parents[ncurrparent], ctx.params
	ctx.params, ctx.parents[ncurrparent], ctx.n_parents = parent, nil,
		ncurrparent - 1
	for key, val in pairs(child) do parent[key] = val end
	return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|rearranging_substacks|...|pipe to
library.rearranging_substacks = function (ctx)
	local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos
	local tmp = tonumber(opts[offs + 1])
	if tmp == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘rearranging_substacks’: You must specify at least one substack', 0) end
	local argc
	local oldchdn, newchdn, ntot, sid = ctx.children, {}, ctx.n_children, 1
	repeat
		if tmp &gt; ntot or tmp &lt; 1 or math.floor(tmp) ~= tmp then error(modulename ..
			', ‘rearranging_substacks’: Substack #' .. tostring(tmp) .. ' does not exist', 0) end
		if oldchdn[ntot - tmp + 1] == nil then error(modulename ..
			', ‘rearranging_substacks’: Substack #' .. tostring(tmp) .. ' appears multiple times', 0) end
		newchdn[ntot - sid + 1], oldchdn[ntot - tmp + 1], sid =
			oldchdn[ntot - tmp + 1], nil, sid + 1
		tmp = tonumber(opts[offs + sid])
	until tmp == nil
	ctx.children, argc, sid = newchdn, offs + sid, 1
	for idx = 1, ntot do
		tmp = oldchdn[idx]
		if tmp ~= nil then newchdn[sid], sid = tmp, sid + 1 end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|flushing|pipe to
library.flushing = function (ctx)
	if ctx.n_children &lt; 1 then error(modulename ..
		', ‘flushing’: There are no substacks to flush', 0) end
	local parent, currsnap = ctx.params, ctx.n_children
	for key, val in pairs(ctx.children[currsnap]) do parent[key] = val end
	ctx.children[currsnap], ctx.n_children = nil, currsnap - 1
	return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|setting_by_flushing|pipe to
library.setting_by_flushing = function (ctx)
	set_strings_from_substack(ctx, ctx, 'setting_by_flushing')
	return context_iterate(ctx, ctx.fnpos + 1)
end


	--[[ Functions ]]--
	-----------------------------


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|count
library.count = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable!
	local retval = 0
	for _ in ctx.iterfunc(ctx.params) do retval = retval + 1 end
	if ctx.subset == -1 then retval = retval - #ctx.params end
	ctx.text = retval
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:args|concat_and_call|template name|[prepend 1]|[prepend 2]|
--            [...]|[item n]|[named item 1=value 1]|[...]|[named item n=value
--            n]|[...]
library.concat_and_call = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable!
	local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos
	local tname = opts[offs + 1] and opts[offs + 1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	if tname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘concat_and_call’: No template name was provided', 0) end
	ctx.text = ctx.frame:expandTemplate{
		title = tname,
		args = concat_params(ctx, offs + 1)
	}
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:args|concat_and_invoke|module name|function name|[prepend
--            1]|[prepend 2]|[...]|[item n]|[named item 1=value 1]|[...]|[named
--            item n=value n]|[...]
library.concat_and_invoke = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable!
	local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos
	local mname = opts[offs + 1] and opts[offs + 1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	if mname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘concat_and_invoke’: No module name was provided', 0) end
	local fname = opts[offs + 2] and opts[offs + 2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	if fname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘concat_and_invoke’: No function name was provided', 0) end
	local mfunc = require('Module:' .. mname)[fname]
	if mfunc == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘concat_and_invoke’: The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end
	ctx.text = mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild{
		title = 'Module:' .. mname,
		args = concat_params(ctx, offs + 2)
	})
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:args|concat_and_magic|parser function|[prepend 1]|[prepend
--            2]|[...]|[item n]|[named item 1=value 1]|[...]|[named item n=
--            value n]|[...]
library.concat_and_magic = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable!
	local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos
	local magic = opts[offs + 1] and opts[offs + 1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	if magic == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘concat_and_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end
	ctx.text = ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic,
		concat_params(ctx, offs + 1))
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|value_of|parameter name
library.value_of = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable!
	local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos
	if opts[offs + 1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘value_of’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end
	local val
	local key = opts[offs + 1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
	if key == '0' or key:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then
		key = tonumber(key)
		val = ctx.params[key]
		-- No worries: #ctx.params is unused when the modifier is in
		-- first position (and therefore `ctx.params` is a metatable)
		if val ~= nil and (
			ctx.subset ~= -1 or key &gt; #ctx.params or key &lt; 1
		) and (
			ctx.subset ~= 1 or (key &lt;= #ctx.params and key &gt; 0)
		) then
			ctx.text = (ctx.header or '') .. val ..
				(ctx.footer or '')
		else ctx.text = ctx.ifngiven or '' end
	else
		val = ctx.params[key]
		if ctx.subset ~= 1 and val ~= nil then ctx.text = (ctx.header
			or '') .. val .. (ctx.footer or '')
		else ctx.text = ctx.ifngiven or '' end
	end
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|list
library.list = function (ctx)
	local ret, nss, kvs, pps = {}, 0, ctx.pairsep or '', ctx.itersep or ''
	flush_params(ctx, function (key, val)
		ret[nss + 1], ret[nss + 2], ret[nss + 3], ret[nss + 4], nss =
			pps, key, kvs, val, nss + 4
	end)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 4)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|list_values
library.list_values = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `library.coins()` and `library.unique_coins()` rely on us
	local ret, nss, pps = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or ''
	flush_params(ctx, function (key, val)
		ret[nss + 1], ret[nss + 2], nss = pps, val, nss + 2
	end)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|list_maybe_with_names
library.list_maybe_with_names = function (ctx)
	local ret, nss, kvs, pps = {}, 0, ctx.pairsep or '', ctx.itersep or ''
	mixed_flush_params(
		ctx,
		function (key, val)
			ret[nss + 1], ret[nss + 2], ret[nss + 3],
				ret[nss + 4], nss = pps, '', '', val, nss + 4
		end,
		function (key, val)
			ret[nss + 1], ret[nss + 2], ret[nss + 3],
				ret[nss + 4], nss = pps, key, kvs, val, nss + 4
		end
	)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 4)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|for_each|wikitext
library.for_each = function (ctx)
	local ret, nss, pps, txt =
		{}, 0, ctx.itersep or '', ctx.pipe[ctx.fnpos + 1] or ''
	local skel, cnv, n_parts = parse_placeholder_string(txt)
	flush_params(ctx, function (key, val)
		for idx = 2, n_parts, 2 do
			if skel[idx] then cnv[idx] = val
			else cnv[idx] = tostring(key) end
		end
		ret[nss + 1], nss = pps, nss + 2
		ret[nss] = table.concat(cnv)
	end)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|call_for_each|template name|[append 1]|[append 2]|
--            [...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param
--            n=value n]|[...]
library.call_for_each = function (ctx)
	local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos
	local tname = opts[offs + 1] and opts[offs + 1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	if tname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘call_for_each’: No template name was provided', 0) end
	local cargs = copy_table_reduced(opts, 1, offs - 1)
	local model, ret, nss, ccs =
		{ title = tname, args = cargs }, {}, 0, ctx.itersep or ''
	flush_params(ctx, function (key, val)
		cargs[1], cargs[2], ret[nss + 1], nss = key, val, ccs, nss + 2
		ret[nss] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model)
	end)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|invoke_for_each|module name|module function|[append
--            1]|[append 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|
--            [named param n=value n]|[...]
library.invoke_for_each = function (ctx)
	local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos
	local mname = opts[offs + 1] and opts[offs + 1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	if mname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘invoke_for_each’: No module name was provided', 0) end
	local fname = opts[offs + 2] and opts[offs + 2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	if fname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘invoke_for_each’: No function name was provided', 0) end
	local iargs = copy_table_reduced(ctx.pipe, 1, offs)
	local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = iargs }
	local mfunc, ret, nss, ccs =
		require(model.title)[fname], {}, 0, ctx.itersep or ''
	if mfunc == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘invoke_for_each’: The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end
	flush_params(ctx, function (key, val)
		iargs[1], iargs[2], ret[nss + 1], nss = key, val, ccs, nss + 2
		ret[nss] = mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model))
	end)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|magic_for_each|parser function|[append 1]|[append
--            2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param
--            n=value n]|[...]
library.magic_for_each = function (ctx)
	local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos
	local magic = opts[offs + 1] and opts[offs + 1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	if magic == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘magic_for_each’: No parser function was provided', 0) end
	local ret, nss, ccs, cargs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '',
		copy_table_reduced(opts, 1, offs - 1)
	flush_params(ctx, function (key, val)
		cargs[1], cargs[2], ret[nss + 1], nss = key, val, ccs, nss + 2
		ret[nss] = ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, cargs)

	end)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|call_for_each_value|template name|[append 1]|[append
--            2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param
--            n=value n]|[...]
library.call_for_each_value = function (ctx)
	local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos
	local tname = opts[offs + 1] and opts[offs + 1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	if tname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘call_for_each_value’: No template name was provided', 0) end
	local cargs = copy_table_reduced(ctx.pipe, 1, offs)
	local model = { title = tname, args = cargs }
	local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or ''
	flush_params(ctx, function (key, val)
		cargs[1], ret[nss + 1], nss = val, ccs, nss + 2
		ret[nss] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model)
	end)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|invoke_for_each_value|module name|[append 1]|[append
--            2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param
--            n=value n]|[...]
library.invoke_for_each_value = function (ctx)
	local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos
	local mname = opts[offs + 1] and opts[offs + 1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	if mname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘invoke_for_each_value’: No module name was provided', 0) end
	local fname = opts[offs + 2] and opts[offs + 2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	if fname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘invoke_for_each_value’: No function name was provided', 0) end
	local iargs = copy_table_reduced(ctx.pipe, 1, offs + 1)
	local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = iargs }
	local mfunc, ret, nss, ccs =
		require(model.title)[fname], {}, 0, ctx.itersep or ''
	if mfunc == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘invoke_for_each_value’: The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end
	flush_params(ctx, function (key, val)
		iargs[1], ret[nss + 1], nss = val, ccs, nss + 2
		ret[nss] = mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model))
	end)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|magic_for_each_value|parser function|[append 1]|
--            [append 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named
--            param n=value n]|[...]
library.magic_for_each_value = function (ctx)
	local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos
	local magic = opts[offs + 1] and opts[offs + 1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	if magic == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘magic_for_each_value’: No parser function was provided', 0) end
	local cargs, ret, nss, ccs =
		copy_table_reduced(opts, 1, offs), {}, 0, ctx.itersep or ''
	flush_params(ctx, function (key, val)
		cargs[1], ret[nss + 1], nss = val, ccs, nss + 2
		ret[nss] = ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, cargs)
	end)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|call_for_each_group|template name|[append 1]|[append
--            2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param
--            n=value n]|[...]
library.call_for_each_group = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable!
	local opts, offs = ctx.pipe, ctx.fnpos
	local tmp = opts[offs + 1] and opts[offs + 1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	if tmp == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘call_for_each_group’: No template name was provided', 0) end
	local model = { title = tmp }
	local bargs, ret, nss, ccs = {}, {}, 0, ctx.itersep or ''
	for key, val in pairs(opts) do
		if type(key) ~= 'number' then bargs[key] = val
		elseif key &gt; offs then bargs[key - offs - 1] = val
		elseif key &lt; 1 then bargs[key - 1] = val end
	end
	ctx.params = make_groups(ctx.params)
	flush_params(ctx, function (gid, group)
		for key, val in pairs(bargs) do group[key] = val end
		group[0], model.args, ret[nss + 1], nss = gid, group, ccs,
			nss + 2
		ret[nss] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model)
	end)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


	--[[ First-position-only modifiers ]]--
	---------------------------------------


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|new|pipe to
static_iface.new = function (child_frame)
	local ctx = context_new(child_frame, 'new')
	ctx.params = {}
	main_loop(ctx, context_iterate(ctx, 2))
	return ctx.text
end


	--[[ First-position-only functions ]]--
	---------------------------------------


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|self
static_iface.self = function (child_frame)
	return child_frame:getParent():getTitle()
end


	--[[ Public metatable of functions ]]--
	---------------------------------------


return setmetatable({}, {
	__index = function (_, query)
		local fname = query:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
		if fname == nil then error(modulename ..
			': You must specify a function to call', 0) end
		local func = static_iface[fname]
		if func ~= nil then return func end
		func = library[fname]
		if func == nil then error(modulename ..
			': The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end
		return function (child_frame)
			local ctx = context_new(child_frame, fname)
			ctx.params = copy_or_ref_table(ctx.oparams,
				refparams[fname])
			main_loop(ctx, func)
			return ctx.text
		end
	end
})</text>
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    <title>Formula:Categoriae vestigatoriae/optiones</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
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      <id>3998815</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Grufo movit paginam [[Formula:Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae/optiones]] ad [[Formula:Categoriae vestigatoriae/optiones]] sine redirectione: Nomen simplicius</comment>
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      <text bytes="1040" sha1="1um6yp3666hyq5nxbpgqtl95o6gk47j" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#invoke:params|new|
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	snapshotting|entering_substack|
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		mixing_names_and_values|$@||
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	mapping_by_magic|#switch|names_only|
		let|caduciter|&lt;span style{{=}}&quot;cursor: help;&quot; title{{=}}&quot;Haec categoria caduciter adhibetur.&quot;&gt;[[Fasciculus:Symbolic clock icon.svg|x14px|link=]]&lt;/span&gt;|
		let|infeliciter|&lt;span style{{=}}&quot;cursor: help;&quot; title{{=}}&quot;Hic corrigenda colliguntur.&quot;&gt;[[Fasciculus:Broom icon.svg|x14px|link=]]&lt;/span&gt;|
		let|tacite|&lt;span style{{=}}&quot;cursor: help;&quot; title{{=}}&quot;Ipsa formula in categoria non ostenditur.&quot;&gt;[[Fasciculus:Concealed icon.svg|x14px|link=]]&lt;/span&gt;|
	providing|tacite|{{#ifeq:{{{ns|}}}|14
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  <page>
    <title>Choroidea</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>3998667</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-11-02T16:59:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
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      <text bytes="1908" sha1="mc7iefowhsxuk109b0qtf3hh4bvo6o6" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Schematic diagram of the human eye fr.svg|thumb|Uvea est tunica colorata quae choroideam, corpus ciliare, et iridem continet.]]
'''Choroidea'''&lt;ref&gt;Fons nominis Latini apud [https://www.imaios.com/fr/vet-anatomy/structures-anatomiques/choroide-11107444476#from=4 IMAIOS]&lt;/ref&gt;, olim '''chorioidea'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.org/details/dieanatomischeno00hisw/page/94/mode/2up Nomina anatomica (1895)]&lt;/ref&gt; est pars posterior tunicae vasculosae bulbi oculi ([[Uvea (oculus)|uveae]]) quae quinque partes uvae occupat dum sextam partem faciunt [[Iris (anatomia)|iris]] et [[corpus ciliare]] quae choroideam in parte anteriore oculi continuant. [[Textus conexivus]] est [[Vas sanguineum|vasibus sanguineis]] abundanter rigatus quae nutrimenta et [[oxygenium]] [[Retina (anatomia)|retinae]] aliisque cellulis intra oculum praestant. Apud [[primates]] [[Pigmentum (biologia)|pigmentum]] atrum continet melaninum appellatum atque ita lumen absorbendo impedit ne intra oculum diffundatur aut reflectatur. Econtra apud [[ruminantia]], [[Carnivora (mammalia)|carnivora]], [[Equidae|equidas]] et [[Praedatio (biologia)|praedatores]] aquaticos in fundo oculi choroidea laminam lucem reflectentem praebet, ''tapetum lucidum''&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.imaios.com/fr/vet-anatomy/structures-anatomiques/tapetum-lucidum-11107444604#from=4 IMAIOS]&lt;/ref&gt; dictum, quod visionem nocturnam permittit.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;


== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Weina Zhang, Alexandra Kaser-Eichberger, Wanlin Fan et alii. &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0940960224000311 The structure and function of the human choroid]&quot;, ''Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger'', 2024: 152239

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [[choroidea|choroideam]] pertinent
* [https://oscarwylee.ca/fr/glasses/eye/choroid Oscar Wylee]

[[Categoria:Anatomia]]
[[Categoria:Oculus]]</text>
      <sha1>mc7iefowhsxuk109b0qtf3hh4bvo6o6</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>3998668</id>
      <parentid>3998667</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T17:00:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3998668</origin>
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      <text bytes="1909" sha1="c4v2f4yapwy634dq4jpmo1b9tyzalt3" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Schematic diagram of the human eye fr.svg|thumb|Uvea est tunica colorata quae choroideam, corpus ciliare, et iridem continet.]]
'''Choroidea'''&lt;ref&gt;Fons nominis Latini apud [https://www.imaios.com/fr/vet-anatomy/structures-anatomiques/choroide-11107444476#from=4 IMAIOS]&lt;/ref&gt;, olim '''chorioidea'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.org/details/dieanatomischeno00hisw/page/94/mode/2up Nomina anatomica (1895)]&lt;/ref&gt;, est pars posterior tunicae vasculosae bulbi oculi ([[Uvea (oculus)|uveae]]) quae quinque partes uvae occupat dum sextam partem faciunt [[Iris (anatomia)|iris]] et [[corpus ciliare]] quae choroideam in parte anteriore oculi continuant. [[Textus conexivus]] est [[Vas sanguineum|vasibus sanguineis]] abundanter rigatus quae nutrimenta et [[oxygenium]] [[Retina (anatomia)|retinae]] aliisque cellulis intra oculum praestant. Apud [[primates]] [[Pigmentum (biologia)|pigmentum]] atrum continet melaninum appellatum atque ita lumen absorbendo impedit ne intra oculum diffundatur aut reflectatur. Econtra apud [[ruminantia]], [[Carnivora (mammalia)|carnivora]], [[Equidae|equidas]] et [[Praedatio (biologia)|praedatores]] aquaticos in fundo oculi choroidea laminam lucem reflectentem praebet, ''tapetum lucidum''&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.imaios.com/fr/vet-anatomy/structures-anatomiques/tapetum-lucidum-11107444604#from=4 IMAIOS]&lt;/ref&gt; dictum, quod visionem nocturnam permittit.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;


== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Weina Zhang, Alexandra Kaser-Eichberger, Wanlin Fan et alii. &quot;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0940960224000311 The structure and function of the human choroid]&quot;, ''Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger'', 2024: 152239

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [[choroidea|choroideam]] pertinent
* [https://oscarwylee.ca/fr/glasses/eye/choroid Oscar Wylee]

[[Categoria:Anatomia]]
[[Categoria:Oculus]]</text>
      <sha1>c4v2f4yapwy634dq4jpmo1b9tyzalt3</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Formula:Index arborescens</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
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      <id>3998732</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-11-02T21:26:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+‘|style=’</comment>
      <origin>3998732</origin>
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      <text bytes="272" sha1="no1lbar20moks3wll7pabew4hsxms9y" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#if:{{{1|}}}|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Formula:Index arborescens/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;index-arborescens{{#if:{{{style|}}}
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  <page>
    <title>Usor:Cynthia Muldoon</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>3998792</id>
      <parentid>3997686</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-03T02:16:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cynthia Muldoon</username>
        <id>211863</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>grammatica correxi (cogito . . .)</comment>
      <origin>3998792</origin>
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      <text bytes="216" sha1="5cuy7v8okuhlg5w4vok5u7zol1po6ar" xml:space="preserve">Salve! Mihi nomen est '''Thea''' et lingum Anglicum dico. Linguam Latinam in ludo studeo. Mox in Vicipædiam scribo possum, sed nunc Latinam meam non bonus.

[[w:User:Cynthia Muldoon|Pagina usoris mea]] in Wikipedia.</text>
      <sha1>5cuy7v8okuhlg5w4vok5u7zol1po6ar</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Statio vehiculorum</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329717</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3998652</id>
      <parentid>3998217</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T15:43:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-58310-29</username>
        <id>217173</id>
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      <text bytes="814" sha1="n58ezhy3ijdx2wyj76fr99ufnmmc7ra" xml:space="preserve">{{Pagina polienda}}
{{A est B}}

[[Fasciculus:Front parking cars.jpg|thumb|Autocineta ante stationem curruum.]]
[[Vehiculum]] collocare significat sistere et alicubi relinquere.
Interest curare ut vehiculum alicubi collocetur ubi collocatio permittitur, alioquin auriga multam solvere debebit, vel, quod peius est, vehiculum ipsum retineri potest. Autocineta plerumque in viis privatis, locis ubi currus collocantur, [[Stabulum autocineticum|garagiis]], vel ad latus viae collocantur.

Facilius est autocinetum collocare quam magnum vehiculum, ut [[autocinetum onerarium]] (truck) vel [[raeda]]m. Haec magna vehicula saepe ad areas speciales ire debent. Regulae de collocatione pars regularum viariarum sunt, et hae multum variant ab una natione ad aliam. Illegale est in semita collocare.

{{Stipula}}

{{Dubcat}}</text>
      <sha1>n58ezhy3ijdx2wyj76fr99ufnmmc7ra</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3998653</id>
      <parentid>3998652</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T15:44:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-58310-29</username>
        <id>217173</id>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="806" sha1="k7lsht611chex0v87y2vzz5tz5wq1nv" xml:space="preserve">{{Pagina polienda}}
{{A est B}}

[[Fasciculus:Front parking cars.jpg|thumb|Autocineta ante stationem curruum.]]
[[Vehiculum]] collocare significat sistere et alicubi relinquere.
Interest curare ut vehiculum alicubi collocetur ubi collocatio permittitur, alioquin auriga multam solvere debebit, vel, quod peius est, vehiculum ipsum retineri potest. Autocineta plerumque in viis privatis, locis ubi currus collocantur, [[Stabulum autocineticum|garagiis]], vel ad latus viae collocantur.

Facilius est autocinetum collocare quam magnum vehiculum, ut [[autocinetum onerarium]] vel [[raeda]]m. Haec magna vehicula saepe ad areas speciales ire debent. Regulae de collocatione pars regularum viariarum sunt, et hae multum variant ab una natione ad aliam. Illegale est in semita collocare.

{{Stipula}}

{{Dubcat}}</text>
      <sha1>k7lsht611chex0v87y2vzz5tz5wq1nv</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3998744</id>
      <parentid>3998653</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T22:36:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Care amice sine nomine, estne nimis difficile paginam formā “A est B” incipere?</comment>
      <origin>3998744</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="1526" sha1="fdp9v1aybq2olt43lxomiyec1ziry8s" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Front parking cars.jpg|thumb|Autocineta ante stationem curruum.]]

{{res|Statio vehiculorum}}{{MLAL ref|park|195|.car park}}{{TraupConv ref|park|217}}{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1={{*Cfr}} [[Lucretius|Lucretii]] {{Op|[[De rerum natura (Lucretius)|De rerum natura]]}}, {{Vf|De rerum natura (Titus Lucretius Carus)/Liber IV|385|IV. 387.}}: “Quā vehimur [[navis|nāvī]], fertur, quum stāre vidētur; / quae manet in {{lectio|statiōne}}, ea praeter crēditur īre. / Et fugere ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Puppis (navigatio)|puppim|en|qid=Q273062}} [[collis|collēs]] [[campus|campī]]&lt;nowiki /&gt;que videntur / quōs agimus praeter nāvem [[velum (navigatio)|vēlīs]]&lt;nowiki /&gt;que [[volatus|volāmus]].”|2=Q273062}} est actus quo vehiculum sistitur et a ministerio removetur, plerumque ita ut nemo intus maneat. Interest curare ut vehiculum alicubi collocetur ubi collocatio permittitur, alioquin rector multam solvere debebit, aut, quod peius est, vehiculum ipsum retineri potest. Autocineta plerumque in viis privatis, locis ubi currus collocantur, [[stabulum autocineticum|stabulis]], vel ad latus viae collocantur.

Facilius est autocinetum collocare quam magnum vehiculum, velut [[autocinetum onerarium]] vel [[raeda]]m. Haec magna vehicula saepe ad areas speciales ire debent. Regulae de collocatione pars regularum viariarum sunt, et hae multum variant ab una natione ad aliam. Illicitum est in semita collocare.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{Stipula}}

{{Dubcat}}</text>
      <sha1>fdp9v1aybq2olt43lxomiyec1ziry8s</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3998745</id>
      <parentid>3998744</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T22:37:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>3998745</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1532" sha1="9rp9alyydz13fzgt1akccjrarp35prj" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Front parking cars.jpg|thumb|Autocineta ante stationem curruum.]]

{{res|Statio vehiculorum}}{{MLAL ref|park|195|.car park}}{{TraupConv ref|park|217}}{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1={{*Cfr}} [[Lucretius|Lucretii]] {{Op|[[De rerum natura (Lucretius)|De rerum natura libri]]}}, {{Vf|De rerum natura (Titus Lucretius Carus)/Liber IV|385|IV. 387.}}: “Quā vehimur [[navis|nāvī]], fertur, quum stāre vidētur; / quae manet in {{lectio|statiōne}}, ea praeter crēditur īre. / Et fugere ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Puppis (navigatio)|puppim|en|qid=Q273062}} [[collis|collēs]] [[campus|campī]]&lt;nowiki /&gt;que videntur / quōs agimus praeter nāvem [[velum (navigatio)|vēlīs]]&lt;nowiki /&gt;que [[volatus|volāmus]].”|2=Q273062}} est actus quo vehiculum sistitur et a ministerio removetur, plerumque ita ut nemo intus maneat. Interest curare ut vehiculum alicubi collocetur ubi collocatio permittitur, alioquin rector multam solvere debebit, aut, quod peius est, vehiculum ipsum retineri potest. Autocineta plerumque in viis privatis, locis ubi currus collocantur, [[stabulum autocineticum|stabulis]], vel ad latus viae collocantur.

Facilius est autocinetum collocare quam magnum vehiculum, velut [[autocinetum onerarium]] vel [[raeda]]m. Haec magna vehicula saepe ad areas speciales ire debent. Regulae de collocatione pars regularum viariarum sunt, et hae multum variant ab una natione ad aliam. Illicitum est in semita collocare.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{Stipula}}

{{Dubcat}}</text>
      <sha1>9rp9alyydz13fzgt1akccjrarp35prj</sha1>
    </revision>
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  <page>
    <title>Theatrum Pompeium</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>3998664</id>
      <parentid>3998532</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T16:51:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Plura legere si cupis */</comment>
      <origin>3998664</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5094" sha1="luomnq2jpt8j9n6shcxjmcbayw2lsz9" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Het Theater van Pompeius te Rome Theatrum Pompeii (titel op object) Livre des edifices antiques romains (serietitel) Magesyn der Italiaense gebouwen (serietitel), RP-P-1957-653-85-3.jpg|thumb|Theatrum Pompei sedecimo saeculo excogitatum.]]
[[Fasciculus:Campus Martius - Theatre of Pompeius.jpg|thumb|Theatrum Pompeium hodie restitutum in forma Urbis.]]
{{res|Theatrum Pompeium}}&lt;ref&gt;[[Res gestae Divi Augusti]] 20&lt;/ref&gt; vel {{res|Theatrum Pompei}} vel {{res|Theatrum Marmoreum}}&lt;ref&gt;Richardson, L (1992). ''A new topographical dictionary of ancient Rome''. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-4300-6.&lt;/ref&gt; est primum theatrum lapideum perenne Romae in [[Campus Martius|Campo Martio]] a [[Pompeius|Pompeio]] e praeda [[Bella Mithridatica|belli Mithridatici]] aedificatum et anno [[55 a.C.n.]] secundo [[Consulatus|consulatu]] Pompei dedicatum. Fortasse iam anno [[61 a.C.n.]] coeptum est tum cum dux [[Triumphus|triumphans]] ex Asia rediit. Quia tale theatrum Romae aedificare leges vetabant Pompeius id extra [[Pomerium|pomoerium]] et instar templi exstruxit: nam summa [[Cavea (discretiva)|cavea]] templum [[Venus Victrix|Veneris Victricis]] aedificio impendebat. Pars erat maioris corporis [[Architectura Romana (antiquitas)|architecturalis]], cum hortis, [[Porticus|porticibus]], [[Curia Pompeia|curia]]  domoque coniunctum.

Nam usque adhuc Campus Martius fuerat area publica exercitationibus militaribus dedita, tunc primum monumentorum  impleri coepit et pars Urbis fieri. Siquidem [[Plutarchus|Plutarcho]] credimus Pompeius theatrum [[Mytilene|Mytilenaeum]] imitatus est quod apud amicum [[Theophanes Mytilenaeus|Theophanem]] viderat&lt;ref&gt;Plutarchus, ''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 42.7-9&lt;/ref&gt; sed theatrum Pompeium dimensionibus maximum fuit in toto orbe antiquo. Augustus id refecit et multi alii imperatores usque ad quintum saeculum post incendia aut ob vetustatem; itaque  [[Cassius Dio|Dio Cassius]] historicus testatur tertio saeculo monumentum magnificentiam suam nondum amisisse&lt;ref&gt;[[Dio Cassius]] XXXIX.38&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

==Plura legere si cupis ==
[[Fasciculus:Parione - via di Grottapinta e largo del Pallaro case sul teatro di Pompeo 1010680.JPG|thumb|In via de Grottapinta aedificiorum frons veteris caveae circinationem patefacit.]]
*Jon Albers, ''Campus Martius. Die urbane Entwicklung des Marsfeldes von der Republik bis zur mittleren Kaiserzeit'', Reichert, Wiesbaden 2013 [https://ahnp.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/journals/jfk/article/download/43915/37405/141378 Recensio critica]
[[Fasciculus:Theatre of Pompey 3D cut out.png|thumb|Theatrum Pompeium computatro restitutum]]
*Filippo Coarelli, &quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/dha_0755-7256_1997_num_23_2_2353 Le théâtre de Pompée]&quot;, ''Dialogues d'histoire ancienne'', 1997: 105-124
*Philippe Fleury,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/bsnaf_0081-1181_2015_num_2010_1_12087 La restitution virtuelle du théâtre de Pompée à Rome]&quot;, ''Bulletin de la Société nationale des Antiquaires de France'', 2015: 212-222
* Pierre Gros,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/mom_1955-4982_2009_act_52_1_2743v Les sanctuaires in summa cavea. L’enseignement des recherches récentes sur le Théâtre de Pompée à Rome]&quot; in  ''Fronts de scène et lieux de culte dans le théâtre antique'', 2009: 53-64
**	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/efr_0000-0000_1987_act_98_1_2975 La fonction symbolique des édifices théâtraux dans le paysage urbain de la Rome augustéenne]&quot;, ''Publications de l'École française de Rome'', 1987: 319-346
*Éloïse Letellier-Taillefer, &quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_2016_num_118_2_6790 Le complexe pompéien du Champ de Mars : enquêtes récentes et questions ouvertes. À propos de S. Madeleine, Le théâtre de Pompée à Rome : restitution de l’architecture ...]&quot;, ''Revue des Études Anciennes'', 2016: 573-599
*Sophie Madeleine, ''Le théâtre de Pompée à Rome : restitution de l’architecture et des systèmes mécaniques'', Presses Universitaires de Caen, 2014 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_2018_num_87_1_3976_t14_0632_0000_2 Recensio critica]
*Antonio Monterroso Checa, ''Theatrum Pompei: forma y arquitectura de la génesis del modelo teatral de Roma'', Matriti, 2010 [https://shs.cairn.info/revue-archeologique-2012-2-page-335zf?lang=fr Recensio critica]
*Gilles Sauron,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/efr_0000-0000_1987_act_98_1_2981 Le complexe pompéien du Champ de Mars : nouveauté urbanistique à finalité idéologique]&quot;, ''Publications de l'École française de Rome'', 1987:  457-473
*Jean-Joseph De Witte,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/crai_0065-0536_1867_num_11_1_67361 Le colosse d'Hercule trouvé au théâtre de Pompée à Rome]&quot;, ''Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres'', 1867:  293-299

== Nexus externi ==
{{Fontes geographici}}
* [[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Theatre_of_Pompey theatrum Pompeium] spectant
[[Categoria:Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus]]
[[Categoria:Theatrum]]
[[Categoria:Monumenta Romae Antiquae]]</text>
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      <text bytes="5250" sha1="cbwsz3y8ffelnusxugc2qx65llixz0u" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Het Theater van Pompeius te Rome Theatrum Pompeii (titel op object) Livre des edifices antiques romains (serietitel) Magesyn der Italiaense gebouwen (serietitel), RP-P-1957-653-85-3.jpg|thumb|Theatrum Pompei sedecimo saeculo excogitatum.]]
[[Fasciculus:Campus Martius - Theatre of Pompeius.jpg|thumb|Theatrum Pompeium hodie restitutum in forma Urbis.]]
{{res|Theatrum Pompeium}}&lt;ref&gt;[[Res gestae Divi Augusti]] 20&lt;/ref&gt; vel {{res|Theatrum Pompei}} vel {{res|Theatrum Marmoreum}}&lt;ref&gt;Richardson, L (1992). ''A new topographical dictionary of ancient Rome''. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-4300-6.&lt;/ref&gt; est primum theatrum lapideum perenne Romae in [[Campus Martius|Campo Martio]] a [[Pompeius|Pompeio]] e praeda [[Bella Mithridatica|belli Mithridatici]] aedificatum et anno [[55 a.C.n.]] secundo [[Consulatus|consulatu]] Pompei dedicatum. Fortasse iam anno [[61 a.C.n.]] coeptum est tum cum dux [[Triumphus|triumphans]] ex Asia rediit. Quia tale theatrum Romae aedificare leges vetabant Pompeius id extra [[Pomerium|pomoerium]] et instar templi exstruxit: nam summa [[Cavea (discretiva)|cavea]] templum [[Venus Victrix|Veneris Victricis]] aedificio impendebat. Pars erat maioris corporis [[Architectura Romana (antiquitas)|architecturalis]], cum hortis, [[Porticus|porticibus]], [[Curia Pompeia|curia]]  domoque coniunctum.

Nam usque adhuc Campus Martius fuerat area publica exercitationibus militaribus dedita, tunc primum monumentorum  impleri coepit et pars Urbis fieri. Siquidem [[Plutarchus|Plutarcho]] credimus Pompeius theatrum [[Mytilene|Mytilenaeum]] imitatus est quod apud amicum [[Theophanes Mytilenaeus|Theophanem]] viderat&lt;ref&gt;Plutarchus, ''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 42.7-9&lt;/ref&gt; sed theatrum Pompeium dimensionibus maximum fuit in toto orbe antiquo. Augustus id refecit et multi alii imperatores usque ad quintum saeculum post incendia aut ob vetustatem; itaque  [[Cassius Dio|Dio Cassius]] historicus testatur tertio saeculo monumentum magnificentiam suam nondum amisisse&lt;ref&gt;[[Dio Cassius]] XXXIX.38&lt;/ref&gt;.

Paene nihil de antiquo theatro hodie exstat nisi lapides in proximis aedificiis incorporati aut curvatura domuum quae antiquae caveae formam restituit.
== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

==Plura legere si cupis ==
[[Fasciculus:Parione - via di Grottapinta e largo del Pallaro case sul teatro di Pompeo 1010680.JPG|thumb|In via de ''Grottapinta'' aedificiorum frons veteris caveae circinationem patefacit.]]
*Jon Albers, ''Campus Martius. Die urbane Entwicklung des Marsfeldes von der Republik bis zur mittleren Kaiserzeit'', Reichert, Wiesbaden 2013 [https://ahnp.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/journals/jfk/article/download/43915/37405/141378 Recensio critica]
[[Fasciculus:Theatre of Pompey 3D cut out.png|thumb|Theatrum Pompeium computatro restitutum]]
*Filippo Coarelli, &quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/dha_0755-7256_1997_num_23_2_2353 Le théâtre de Pompée]&quot;, ''Dialogues d'histoire ancienne'', 1997: 105-124
*Philippe Fleury,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/bsnaf_0081-1181_2015_num_2010_1_12087 La restitution virtuelle du théâtre de Pompée à Rome]&quot;, ''Bulletin de la Société nationale des Antiquaires de France'', 2015: 212-222
* Pierre Gros,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/mom_1955-4982_2009_act_52_1_2743v Les sanctuaires in summa cavea. L’enseignement des recherches récentes sur le Théâtre de Pompée à Rome]&quot; in  ''Fronts de scène et lieux de culte dans le théâtre antique'', 2009: 53-64
**	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/efr_0000-0000_1987_act_98_1_2975 La fonction symbolique des édifices théâtraux dans le paysage urbain de la Rome augustéenne]&quot;, ''Publications de l'École française de Rome'', 1987: 319-346
*Éloïse Letellier-Taillefer, &quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_2016_num_118_2_6790 Le complexe pompéien du Champ de Mars : enquêtes récentes et questions ouvertes. À propos de S. Madeleine, Le théâtre de Pompée à Rome : restitution de l’architecture ...]&quot;, ''Revue des Études Anciennes'', 2016: 573-599
*Sophie Madeleine, ''Le théâtre de Pompée à Rome : restitution de l’architecture et des systèmes mécaniques'', Presses Universitaires de Caen, 2014 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_2018_num_87_1_3976_t14_0632_0000_2 Recensio critica]
*Antonio Monterroso Checa, ''Theatrum Pompei: forma y arquitectura de la génesis del modelo teatral de Roma'', Matriti, 2010 [https://shs.cairn.info/revue-archeologique-2012-2-page-335zf?lang=fr Recensio critica]
*Gilles Sauron,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/efr_0000-0000_1987_act_98_1_2981 Le complexe pompéien du Champ de Mars : nouveauté urbanistique à finalité idéologique]&quot;, ''Publications de l'École française de Rome'', 1987:  457-473
*Jean-Joseph De Witte,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/crai_0065-0536_1867_num_11_1_67361 Le colosse d'Hercule trouvé au théâtre de Pompée à Rome]&quot;, ''Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres'', 1867:  293-299

== Nexus externi ==
{{Fontes geographici}}
* [[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Theatre_of_Pompey theatrum Pompeium] spectant
[[Categoria:Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus]]
[[Categoria:Theatrum]]
[[Categoria:Monumenta Romae Antiquae]]</text>
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      <text bytes="5417" sha1="3lkrs39m84et22bu97rl7esrw7bpadu" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Het Theater van Pompeius te Rome Theatrum Pompeii (titel op object) Livre des edifices antiques romains (serietitel) Magesyn der Italiaense gebouwen (serietitel), RP-P-1957-653-85-3.jpg|thumb|Theatrum Pompei sedecimo saeculo excogitatum.]]
[[Fasciculus:Campus Martius - Theatre of Pompeius.jpg|thumb|Theatrum Pompeium hodie restitutum in forma Urbis.]]
{{res|Theatrum Pompeium}}&lt;ref&gt;[[Res gestae Divi Augusti]] 20&lt;/ref&gt; vel {{res|Theatrum Pompei}} vel {{res|Theatrum Marmoreum}}&lt;ref&gt;Richardson, L (1992). ''A new topographical dictionary of ancient Rome''. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-4300-6.&lt;/ref&gt; est primum theatrum lapideum perenne Romae in [[Campus Martius|Campo Martio]] a [[Pompeius|Pompeio]] e praeda [[Bella Mithridatica|belli Mithridatici]] aedificatum et anno [[55 a.C.n.]] secundo [[Consulatus|consulatu]] Pompei dedicatum. Fortasse iam anno [[61 a.C.n.]] coeptum est tum cum dux [[Triumphus|triumphans]] ex Asia rediit. Quia tale theatrum Romae aedificare leges vetabant Pompeius id extra [[Pomerium|pomoerium]] et instar templi exstruxit: nam summa [[Cavea (discretiva)|cavea]] templum [[Venus Victrix|Veneris Victricis]] aedificio impendebat. Pars erat maioris corporis [[Architectura Romana (antiquitas)|architecturalis]], cum hortis, [[Porticus|porticibus]], [[Curia Pompeia|curia]]  domoque coniunctum.

Nam usque adhuc Campus Martius fuerat area publica exercitationibus militaribus dedita, tunc primum monumentorum  impleri coepit et pars Urbis fieri. Siquidem [[Plutarchus|Plutarcho]] credimus Pompeius theatrum [[Mytilene|Mytilenaeum]] imitatus est quod apud amicum [[Theophanes Mytilenaeus|Theophanem]] viderat&lt;ref&gt;Plutarchus, ''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 42.7-9&lt;/ref&gt; sed theatrum Pompeium dimensionibus maximum fuit in toto orbe antiquo. Augustus id refecit et multi alii imperatores usque ad quintum saeculum post incendia aut ob vetustatem; itaque  [[Cassius Dio|Dio Cassius]] historicus testatur tertio saeculo monumentum magnificentiam suam nondum amisisse&lt;ref&gt;[[Dio Cassius]] XXXIX.38&lt;/ref&gt;.

Paene nihil de antiquo theatro hodie exstat nisi lapides in proximis aedificiis incorporati aut curvatura domuum quae antiquae caveae formam restituit.
== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

==Plura legere si cupis ==
[[Fasciculus:Parione - via di Grottapinta e largo del Pallaro case sul teatro di Pompeo 1010680.JPG|thumb|In via de ''Grottapinta'' aedificiorum frons veteris caveae circinationem patefacit.]]
*Jon Albers, ''Campus Martius. Die urbane Entwicklung des Marsfeldes von der Republik bis zur mittleren Kaiserzeit'', Reichert, Wiesbaden 2013 [https://ahnp.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/journals/jfk/article/download/43915/37405/141378 Recensio critica]
[[Fasciculus:Theatre of Pompey 3D cut out.png|thumb|Theatrum Pompeium computatro restitutum]]
*Filippo Coarelli, &quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/dha_0755-7256_1997_num_23_2_2353 Le théâtre de Pompée]&quot;, ''Dialogues d'histoire ancienne'', 1997: 105-124
*Philippe Fleury,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/bsnaf_0081-1181_2015_num_2010_1_12087 La restitution virtuelle du théâtre de Pompée à Rome]&quot;, ''Bulletin de la Société nationale des Antiquaires de France'', 2015: 212-222
* Pierre Gros,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/mom_1955-4982_2009_act_52_1_2743v Les sanctuaires in summa cavea. L’enseignement des recherches récentes sur le Théâtre de Pompée à Rome]&quot; in  ''Fronts de scène et lieux de culte dans le théâtre antique'', 2009: 53-64
**	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/efr_0000-0000_1987_act_98_1_2975 La fonction symbolique des édifices théâtraux dans le paysage urbain de la Rome augustéenne]&quot;, ''Publications de l'École française de Rome'', 1987: 319-346
*Éloïse Letellier-Taillefer, &quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_2016_num_118_2_6790 Le complexe pompéien du Champ de Mars : enquêtes récentes et questions ouvertes. À propos de S. Madeleine, Le théâtre de Pompée à Rome : restitution de l’architecture ...]&quot;, ''Revue des Études Anciennes'', 2016: 573-599
*Sophie Madeleine, ''Le théâtre de Pompée à Rome : restitution de l’architecture et des systèmes mécaniques'', Presses Universitaires de Caen, 2014 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_2018_num_87_1_3976_t14_0632_0000_2 Recensio critica]
*Antonio Monterroso Checa, ''Theatrum Pompei: forma y arquitectura de la génesis del modelo teatral de Roma'', Matriti, 2010 [https://shs.cairn.info/revue-archeologique-2012-2-page-335zf?lang=fr Recensio critica]
*Gilles Sauron,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/efr_0000-0000_1987_act_98_1_2981 Le complexe pompéien du Champ de Mars : nouveauté urbanistique à finalité idéologique]&quot;, ''Publications de l'École française de Rome'', 1987:  457-473
*Jean-Joseph De Witte,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/crai_0065-0536_1867_num_11_1_67361 Le colosse d'Hercule trouvé au théâtre de Pompée à Rome]&quot;, ''Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres'', 1867:  293-299

== Nexus externi ==
{{Fontes geographici}}
* [[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Theatre_of_Pompey theatrum Pompeium] spectant
* [[https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/PLATOP*/Theatrum_Pompei.html Topographical dictionary of ancient Rome]
[[Categoria:Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus]]
[[Categoria:Theatrum]]
[[Categoria:Monumenta Romae Antiquae]]</text>
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        <id>2059</id>
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      <text bytes="5416" sha1="lfw0mv1cb5n3e6y1hj6kr22kcmctt7r" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Het Theater van Pompeius te Rome Theatrum Pompeii (titel op object) Livre des edifices antiques romains (serietitel) Magesyn der Italiaense gebouwen (serietitel), RP-P-1957-653-85-3.jpg|thumb|Theatrum Pompei sedecimo saeculo excogitatum.]]
[[Fasciculus:Campus Martius - Theatre of Pompeius.jpg|thumb|Theatrum Pompeium hodie restitutum in forma Urbis.]]
{{res|Theatrum Pompeium}}&lt;ref&gt;[[Res gestae Divi Augusti]] 20&lt;/ref&gt; vel {{res|Theatrum Pompei}} vel {{res|Theatrum Marmoreum}}&lt;ref&gt;Richardson, L (1992). ''A new topographical dictionary of ancient Rome''. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-4300-6.&lt;/ref&gt; est primum theatrum lapideum perenne Romae in [[Campus Martius|Campo Martio]] a [[Pompeius|Pompeio]] e praeda [[Bella Mithridatica|belli Mithridatici]] aedificatum et anno [[55 a.C.n.]] secundo [[Consulatus|consulatu]] Pompei dedicatum. Fortasse iam anno [[61 a.C.n.]] coeptum est tum cum dux [[Triumphus|triumphans]] ex Asia rediit. Quia tale theatrum Romae aedificare leges vetabant Pompeius id extra [[Pomerium|pomoerium]] et instar templi exstruxit: nam summa [[Cavea (discretiva)|cavea]] templum [[Venus Victrix|Veneris Victricis]] aedificio impendebat. Pars erat maioris corporis [[Architectura Romana (antiquitas)|architecturalis]], cum hortis, [[Porticus|porticibus]], [[Curia Pompeia|curia]]  domoque coniunctum.

Nam usque adhuc Campus Martius fuerat area publica exercitationibus militaribus dedita, tunc primum monumentorum  impleri coepit et pars Urbis fieri. Siquidem [[Plutarchus|Plutarcho]] credimus Pompeius theatrum [[Mytilene|Mytilenaeum]] imitatus est quod apud amicum [[Theophanes Mytilenaeus|Theophanem]] viderat&lt;ref&gt;Plutarchus, ''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 42.7-9&lt;/ref&gt; sed theatrum Pompeium dimensionibus maximum fuit in toto orbe antiquo. Augustus id refecit et multi alii imperatores usque ad quintum saeculum post incendia aut ob vetustatem; itaque  [[Cassius Dio|Dio Cassius]] historicus testatur tertio saeculo monumentum magnificentiam suam nondum amisisse&lt;ref&gt;[[Dio Cassius]] XXXIX.38&lt;/ref&gt;.

Paene nihil de antiquo theatro hodie exstat nisi lapides in proximis aedificiis incorporati aut curvatura domuum quae antiquae caveae formam restituit.
== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

==Plura legere si cupis ==
[[Fasciculus:Parione - via di Grottapinta e largo del Pallaro case sul teatro di Pompeo 1010680.JPG|thumb|In via de ''Grottapinta'' aedificiorum frons veteris caveae circinationem patefacit.]]
*Jon Albers, ''Campus Martius. Die urbane Entwicklung des Marsfeldes von der Republik bis zur mittleren Kaiserzeit'', Reichert, Wiesbaden 2013 [https://ahnp.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/journals/jfk/article/download/43915/37405/141378 Recensio critica]
[[Fasciculus:Theatre of Pompey 3D cut out.png|thumb|Theatrum Pompeium computatro restitutum]]
*Filippo Coarelli, &quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/dha_0755-7256_1997_num_23_2_2353 Le théâtre de Pompée]&quot;, ''Dialogues d'histoire ancienne'', 1997: 105-124
*Philippe Fleury,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/bsnaf_0081-1181_2015_num_2010_1_12087 La restitution virtuelle du théâtre de Pompée à Rome]&quot;, ''Bulletin de la Société nationale des Antiquaires de France'', 2015: 212-222
* Pierre Gros,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/mom_1955-4982_2009_act_52_1_2743v Les sanctuaires in summa cavea. L’enseignement des recherches récentes sur le Théâtre de Pompée à Rome]&quot; in  ''Fronts de scène et lieux de culte dans le théâtre antique'', 2009: 53-64
**	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/efr_0000-0000_1987_act_98_1_2975 La fonction symbolique des édifices théâtraux dans le paysage urbain de la Rome augustéenne]&quot;, ''Publications de l'École française de Rome'', 1987: 319-346
*Éloïse Letellier-Taillefer, &quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_2016_num_118_2_6790 Le complexe pompéien du Champ de Mars : enquêtes récentes et questions ouvertes. À propos de S. Madeleine, Le théâtre de Pompée à Rome : restitution de l’architecture ...]&quot;, ''Revue des Études Anciennes'', 2016: 573-599
*Sophie Madeleine, ''Le théâtre de Pompée à Rome : restitution de l’architecture et des systèmes mécaniques'', Presses Universitaires de Caen, 2014 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_2018_num_87_1_3976_t14_0632_0000_2 Recensio critica]
*Antonio Monterroso Checa, ''Theatrum Pompei: forma y arquitectura de la génesis del modelo teatral de Roma'', Matriti, 2010 [https://shs.cairn.info/revue-archeologique-2012-2-page-335zf?lang=fr Recensio critica]
*Gilles Sauron,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/efr_0000-0000_1987_act_98_1_2981 Le complexe pompéien du Champ de Mars : nouveauté urbanistique à finalité idéologique]&quot;, ''Publications de l'École française de Rome'', 1987:  457-473
*Jean-Joseph De Witte,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/crai_0065-0536_1867_num_11_1_67361 Le colosse d'Hercule trouvé au théâtre de Pompée à Rome]&quot;, ''Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres'', 1867:  293-299

== Nexus externi ==
{{Fontes geographici}}
* [[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Theatre_of_Pompey theatrum Pompeium] spectant
* [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/PLATOP*/Theatrum_Pompei.html Topographical dictionary of ancient Rome]
[[Categoria:Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus]]
[[Categoria:Theatrum]]
[[Categoria:Monumenta Romae Antiquae]]</text>
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        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
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      <text bytes="5481" sha1="i4t0g6r8ljdb5vek7hhrt3e37p3gbqh" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Het Theater van Pompeius te Rome Theatrum Pompeii (titel op object) Livre des edifices antiques romains (serietitel) Magesyn der Italiaense gebouwen (serietitel), RP-P-1957-653-85-3.jpg|thumb|Theatrum Pompei sedecimo saeculo excogitatum.]]
[[Fasciculus:Campus Martius - Theatre of Pompeius.jpg|thumb|Theatrum Pompeium hodie restitutum in forma Urbis.]]
{{res|Theatrum Pompeium}}&lt;ref&gt;[[Res gestae Divi Augusti]] 20&lt;/ref&gt; vel {{res|Theatrum Pompei}} vel {{res|Theatrum Marmoreum}}&lt;ref&gt;Richardson, L (1992). ''A new topographical dictionary of ancient Rome''. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-4300-6.&lt;/ref&gt; est primum theatrum lapideum perenne Romae in [[Campus Martius|Campo Martio]] a [[Pompeius|Pompeio]] e praeda [[Bella Mithridatica|belli Mithridatici]] aedificatum et anno [[55 a.C.n.]] secundo [[Consulatus|consulatu]] Pompei dedicatum. Fortasse iam anno [[61 a.C.n.]] coeptum est tum cum dux [[Triumphus|triumphans]] ex Asia rediit. Quia tale theatrum Romae aedificare leges vetabant Pompeius id extra [[Pomerium|pomoerium]] et instar templi exstruxit: nam summa [[Cavea (discretiva)|cavea]] templum [[Venus Victrix|Veneris Victricis]] aedificio impendebat&lt;ref&gt;[[Plinius Maior]] VIII.20. Cf [[Aulus Gellius]] X.1.7.&lt;/ref&gt;. Pars erat maioris corporis [[Architectura Romana (antiquitas)|architecturalis]], cum hortis, [[Porticus|porticibus]], [[Curia Pompeia|curia]]  domoque coniunctum.

Nam usque adhuc Campus Martius fuerat area publica exercitationibus militaribus dedita, tunc primum monumentorum  impleri coepit et pars Urbis fieri. Siquidem [[Plutarchus|Plutarcho]] credimus Pompeius theatrum [[Mytilene|Mytilenaeum]] imitatus est quod apud amicum [[Theophanes Mytilenaeus|Theophanem]] viderat&lt;ref&gt;Plutarchus, ''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 42.7-9&lt;/ref&gt; sed theatrum Pompeium dimensionibus maximum fuit in toto orbe antiquo. Augustus id refecit et multi alii imperatores usque ad quintum saeculum post incendia aut ob vetustatem; itaque  [[Cassius Dio|Dio Cassius]] historicus testatur tertio saeculo monumentum magnificentiam suam nondum amisisse&lt;ref&gt;[[Dio Cassius]] XXXIX.38&lt;/ref&gt;.

Paene nihil de antiquo theatro hodie exstat nisi lapides in proximis aedificiis incorporati aut curvatura domuum quae antiquae caveae formam restituit.
== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

==Plura legere si cupis ==
[[Fasciculus:Parione - via di Grottapinta e largo del Pallaro case sul teatro di Pompeo 1010680.JPG|thumb|In via de ''Grottapinta'' aedificiorum frons veteris caveae circinationem patefacit.]]
*Jon Albers, ''Campus Martius. Die urbane Entwicklung des Marsfeldes von der Republik bis zur mittleren Kaiserzeit'', Reichert, Wiesbaden 2013 [https://ahnp.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/journals/jfk/article/download/43915/37405/141378 Recensio critica]
[[Fasciculus:Theatre of Pompey 3D cut out.png|thumb|Theatrum Pompeium computatro restitutum]]
*Filippo Coarelli, &quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/dha_0755-7256_1997_num_23_2_2353 Le théâtre de Pompée]&quot;, ''Dialogues d'histoire ancienne'', 1997: 105-124
*Philippe Fleury,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/bsnaf_0081-1181_2015_num_2010_1_12087 La restitution virtuelle du théâtre de Pompée à Rome]&quot;, ''Bulletin de la Société nationale des Antiquaires de France'', 2015: 212-222
* Pierre Gros,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/mom_1955-4982_2009_act_52_1_2743v Les sanctuaires in summa cavea. L’enseignement des recherches récentes sur le Théâtre de Pompée à Rome]&quot; in  ''Fronts de scène et lieux de culte dans le théâtre antique'', 2009: 53-64
**	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/efr_0000-0000_1987_act_98_1_2975 La fonction symbolique des édifices théâtraux dans le paysage urbain de la Rome augustéenne]&quot;, ''Publications de l'École française de Rome'', 1987: 319-346
*Éloïse Letellier-Taillefer, &quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_2016_num_118_2_6790 Le complexe pompéien du Champ de Mars : enquêtes récentes et questions ouvertes. À propos de S. Madeleine, Le théâtre de Pompée à Rome : restitution de l’architecture ...]&quot;, ''Revue des Études Anciennes'', 2016: 573-599
*Sophie Madeleine, ''Le théâtre de Pompée à Rome : restitution de l’architecture et des systèmes mécaniques'', Presses Universitaires de Caen, 2014 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_2018_num_87_1_3976_t14_0632_0000_2 Recensio critica]
*Antonio Monterroso Checa, ''Theatrum Pompei: forma y arquitectura de la génesis del modelo teatral de Roma'', Matriti, 2010 [https://shs.cairn.info/revue-archeologique-2012-2-page-335zf?lang=fr Recensio critica]
*Gilles Sauron,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/efr_0000-0000_1987_act_98_1_2981 Le complexe pompéien du Champ de Mars : nouveauté urbanistique à finalité idéologique]&quot;, ''Publications de l'École française de Rome'', 1987:  457-473
*Jean-Joseph De Witte,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/crai_0065-0536_1867_num_11_1_67361 Le colosse d'Hercule trouvé au théâtre de Pompée à Rome]&quot;, ''Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres'', 1867:  293-299

== Nexus externi ==
{{Fontes geographici}}
* [[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Theatre_of_Pompey theatrum Pompeium] spectant
* [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/PLATOP*/Theatrum_Pompei.html Topographical dictionary of ancient Rome]
[[Categoria:Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus]]
[[Categoria:Theatrum]]
[[Categoria:Monumenta Romae Antiquae]]</text>
      <sha1>i4t0g6r8ljdb5vek7hhrt3e37p3gbqh</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>3998715</id>
      <parentid>3998674</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T20:39:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
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      <text bytes="5511" sha1="2b3fmp7bkxw1ajx4dkhsrn2q75viyxs" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Het Theater van Pompeius te Rome Theatrum Pompeii (titel op object) Livre des edifices antiques romains (serietitel) Magesyn der Italiaense gebouwen (serietitel), RP-P-1957-653-85-3.jpg|thumb|Theatrum Pompei sedecimo saeculo excogitatum.]]
[[Fasciculus:Campus Martius - Theatre of Pompeius.jpg|thumb|Theatrum Pompeium hodie restitutum in forma Urbis.]]
{{res|Theatrum Pompeium}}&lt;ref&gt;[[Res gestae Divi Augusti]] 20&lt;/ref&gt; vel {{res|Theatrum Pompei}} vel '''theatrum Pompeianum''' vel {{res|Theatrum Marmoreum}}&lt;ref&gt;Richardson, L (1992). ''A new topographical dictionary of ancient Rome''. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-4300-6.&lt;/ref&gt; est primum theatrum lapideum perenne Romae in [[Campus Martius|Campo Martio]] a [[Pompeius|Pompeio]] e praeda [[Bella Mithridatica|belli Mithridatici]] aedificatum et anno [[55 a.C.n.]] secundo [[Consulatus|consulatu]] Pompei dedicatum. Fortasse iam anno [[61 a.C.n.]] coeptum est tum cum dux [[Triumphus|triumphans]] ex Asia rediit. Quia tale theatrum Romae aedificare leges vetabant Pompeius id extra [[Pomerium|pomoerium]] et instar templi exstruxit: nam summa [[Cavea (discretiva)|cavea]] templum [[Venus Victrix|Veneris Victricis]] aedificio impendebat&lt;ref&gt;[[Plinius Maior]] VIII.20. Cf [[Aulus Gellius]] X.1.7.&lt;/ref&gt;. Pars erat maioris corporis [[Architectura Romana (antiquitas)|architecturalis]], cum hortis, [[Porticus|porticibus]], [[Curia Pompeia|curia]]  domoque coniunctum.

Nam usque adhuc Campus Martius fuerat area publica exercitationibus militaribus dedita, tunc primum monumentorum  impleri coepit et pars Urbis fieri. Siquidem [[Plutarchus|Plutarcho]] credimus Pompeius theatrum [[Mytilene|Mytilenaeum]] imitatus est quod apud amicum [[Theophanes Mytilenaeus|Theophanem]] viderat&lt;ref&gt;Plutarchus, ''[[Vita Pompei (Plutarchus)|Vita Pompei]]'' 42.7-9&lt;/ref&gt; sed theatrum Pompeium dimensionibus maximum fuit in toto orbe antiquo. Augustus id refecit et multi alii imperatores usque ad quintum saeculum post incendia aut ob vetustatem; itaque  [[Cassius Dio|Dio Cassius]] historicus testatur tertio saeculo monumentum magnificentiam suam nondum amisisse&lt;ref&gt;[[Dio Cassius]] XXXIX.38&lt;/ref&gt;.

Paene nihil de antiquo theatro hodie exstat nisi lapides in proximis aedificiis incorporati aut curvatura domuum quae antiquae caveae formam restituit.
== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

==Plura legere si cupis ==
[[Fasciculus:Parione - via di Grottapinta e largo del Pallaro case sul teatro di Pompeo 1010680.JPG|thumb|In via de ''Grottapinta'' aedificiorum frons veteris caveae circinationem patefacit.]]
*Jon Albers, ''Campus Martius. Die urbane Entwicklung des Marsfeldes von der Republik bis zur mittleren Kaiserzeit'', Reichert, Wiesbaden 2013 [https://ahnp.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/journals/jfk/article/download/43915/37405/141378 Recensio critica]
[[Fasciculus:Theatre of Pompey 3D cut out.png|thumb|Theatrum Pompeium computatro restitutum]]
*Filippo Coarelli, &quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/dha_0755-7256_1997_num_23_2_2353 Le théâtre de Pompée]&quot;, ''Dialogues d'histoire ancienne'', 1997: 105-124
*Philippe Fleury,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/bsnaf_0081-1181_2015_num_2010_1_12087 La restitution virtuelle du théâtre de Pompée à Rome]&quot;, ''Bulletin de la Société nationale des Antiquaires de France'', 2015: 212-222
* Pierre Gros,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/mom_1955-4982_2009_act_52_1_2743v Les sanctuaires in summa cavea. L’enseignement des recherches récentes sur le Théâtre de Pompée à Rome]&quot; in  ''Fronts de scène et lieux de culte dans le théâtre antique'', 2009: 53-64
**	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/efr_0000-0000_1987_act_98_1_2975 La fonction symbolique des édifices théâtraux dans le paysage urbain de la Rome augustéenne]&quot;, ''Publications de l'École française de Rome'', 1987: 319-346
*Éloïse Letellier-Taillefer, &quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_2016_num_118_2_6790 Le complexe pompéien du Champ de Mars : enquêtes récentes et questions ouvertes. À propos de S. Madeleine, Le théâtre de Pompée à Rome : restitution de l’architecture ...]&quot;, ''Revue des Études Anciennes'', 2016: 573-599
*Sophie Madeleine, ''Le théâtre de Pompée à Rome : restitution de l’architecture et des systèmes mécaniques'', Presses Universitaires de Caen, 2014 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_2018_num_87_1_3976_t14_0632_0000_2 Recensio critica]
*Antonio Monterroso Checa, ''Theatrum Pompei: forma y arquitectura de la génesis del modelo teatral de Roma'', Matriti, 2010 [https://shs.cairn.info/revue-archeologique-2012-2-page-335zf?lang=fr Recensio critica]
*Gilles Sauron,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/efr_0000-0000_1987_act_98_1_2981 Le complexe pompéien du Champ de Mars : nouveauté urbanistique à finalité idéologique]&quot;, ''Publications de l'École française de Rome'', 1987:  457-473
*Jean-Joseph De Witte,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/crai_0065-0536_1867_num_11_1_67361 Le colosse d'Hercule trouvé au théâtre de Pompée à Rome]&quot;, ''Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres'', 1867:  293-299

== Nexus externi ==
{{Fontes geographici}}
* [[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Theatre_of_Pompey theatrum Pompeium] spectant
* [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/PLATOP*/Theatrum_Pompei.html Topographical dictionary of ancient Rome]
[[Categoria:Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus]]
[[Categoria:Theatrum]]
[[Categoria:Monumenta Romae Antiquae]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dioecesis Elnensis</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Pippobuono</username>
        <id>54500</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>nomen latinum</comment>
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      <text bytes="1365" sha1="kqssf5ep20u7zoxs39p1azr290oz7xl" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidatorum}} 
{{res|Dioecesis Elnensis}} ([[Francogallice]] {{barbarice|lingua=fr|Diocèse de Perpignan-Elne}}) est [[dioecesis]] [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Ecclesiae Catholicae Romanae]] [[Ecclesia Latina|Latinae]] cuius sedes historicus [[Helena (Pyrenaei orientales)|Elna]] erat, et a [[1602]] [[Perpinianum|Perpiniani]] sita est. Dioecesis [[Saeculum 6|VI saeculo]] condita,&lt;ref&gt;{{CathHierDiocese|perp|Dioecesis Elnensis}}&lt;/ref&gt; anno [[1801]] suppressa est. Restituta ab anno [[1822]] cum territorio [[Pyrenaei orientales| praefecturae Pyrenaeorum orientalium]] congruit et ab anno [[2002]] suffraganea [[Archidioecesis Montis Pessulani]] est.

== Ecclesia cathedralis ==
[[Fasciculus:Perpignan Cathédrale Saint-Jean-Baptiste as seen from Campo Santo 1.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|Ecclesia cathedralis [[Ioannes Baptista|Sancto Ioanni Baptistae]] dicata.]]
[[Ecclesia cathedralis]] Sancto Ioanni Baptistae dicata, [[Perpinianum|Perpiniani]] sita est.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
* {{Opus|url=https://www.perpignan.catholique.fr/|titulus=Situs officialis}} {{ling|Francogallice}}
{{CommuniaCat|Roman Catholic Diocese of Perpignan-Elne|Dioecesem Elnensem}}
{{Fontes geographici}}
* {{CathHierDiocese|perp|Dioecesis Elnensis}}

{{RC-stipula}}
{{Dioeceses archidioeceses catholicae Franciae}}
[[Categoria:Dioecesis Elnensis]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Usor:Zåiromos</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>329781</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3998666</id>
      <parentid>3998564</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T16:57:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Zåiromos</username>
        <id>216309</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Zåiromos in aliis Vicipaediis</comment>
      <origin>3998666</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2880" sha1="ml244wa0m1kl0cd9ev0nz79xeb5kwzy" xml:space="preserve">Salve, ego sum Zåiromos.

Ego novi omnes:
* 193 civitates sociae [[Consociatio Nationum|Consociationis Nationum (CN)]] [[Fasciculus:Flag of the United Nations.svg|22x20px|border|]];
* Territoria a [[Consociatio Nationum|Consociatione Nationum]] non agnita [[Fasciculus:Flag of the United Nations.svg|22x20px|border|]];
* Territoria transmarina;
* [[Insulae deminutae externae Civitatum Foederatarum|Insulae incorporatae]] a [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|CFA]] [[Fasciculus:Flag of the United States.svg|22x20px|border|]];
* Territoria cum [[Regnum Nederlandense|titulo municipii]] ut [[Saba]] [[Fasciculus:Flag of Saba.svg|22x20px|border|]].
Novi omnia eorum vexilla, urbes capitales, et historias.

[[Fasciculus:Flag Map of The World (2025).png|350px|right|thumb|Tabula vexillorum mundi (Stilo ab usore Geography and Space designata).]]

&lt;center&gt;[[Fasciculus:Gatto zzz.gif|Felis dormiens]]&lt;/center&gt;


Atque etiam multas antiquas civitates ut [[Imperium|Imperia]], Regna, [[Res publica|Res publicas]], [[Caliphatus|Caliphatus]], [[Sultanatus|Sultanatus]], Chanatus, [[Dynastiae Sinicae|Dynastias]], Populos, [[Cultura|Culturas]] etc. Item eorum urbes capitales, vexilla, insignia et symbola quae hunc locum significabant.

Vexillologiae [[Fasciculus:Flag of FIAV.svg|22x20px|border|]] et cartographiae peritissimus sum.


=== Collectio Tabularum Geographicarum ===
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;210px&quot;&gt;
Roman Empire Trajan 117AD.png|Tabula Imperii Romani in maxima potestate aetate Traiani (anno 117).
Vatican City location map.svg|Tabula hodierna Civitatis Vaticanae.
&lt;/gallery&gt;


==&lt;center&gt;[[Fasciculus:Gatto zzz.gif|Felis dormiens]]&lt;/center&gt;==


==Zåiromos in aliis Vicipaediis==
Haec est pagina mea in Vicipaedia Latina. Potes ire ad alias paginas meas in aliis linguis Vicipaediae:
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Portugal.svg|22px|border]] [[:pt:User:Zåiromos|Vicipaedia Lusitana]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|22px|border]] [[:en:User:Zåiromos|Vicipaedia Anglica]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg|22px|border]] [[:bs:User:Zåiromos|Vicipaedia Bosnica]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Shan State.svg|22px|border]] [[:shn:User:Zåiromos|Vicipaedia Shan]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Esperanto.svg|22px|border]] [[:eo:User:Zåiromos|Vicipaedia Esperantica]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Wessex.svg|22px|border]] [[:ang:User:Zåiromos|Vicipaedia Anglica Antiqua]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Egypt (darker shade of gold).svg|22px|border]] [[:arz:User:Zåiromos|Vicipaedia Arabica Aegyptia]]
*[[File:Toki Pona flag.svg|22px|border]][[:tok:User:Zåiromos|Vicipaedia Toki Pona]]
*[[File:Flag of Nunavut.svg|22px|border]][[:iu:User:Zåiromos|Vicipaedia Inuktitut]]

[[pt:User:Zåiromos]]
[[en:User:Zåiromos]]
[[bs:User:Zåiromos]]
[[shn:User:Zåiromos]]
[[eo:User:Zåiromos]]
[[ang:User:Zåiromos]]
[[arz:User:Zåiromos]]
[[tok:User:Zåiromos]]
[[iu:User:Zåiromos]]</text>
      <sha1>ml244wa0m1kl0cd9ev0nz79xeb5kwzy</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3998675</id>
      <parentid>3998666</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T17:31:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Zåiromos</username>
        <id>216309</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Collectio Tabularum Geographicarum</comment>
      <origin>3998675</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2996" sha1="d0gp20rh4owahp1nnctb87ud5q2eezr" xml:space="preserve">Salve, ego sum Zåiromos.

Ego novi omnes:
* 193 civitates sociae [[Consociatio Nationum|Consociationis Nationum (CN)]] [[Fasciculus:Flag of the United Nations.svg|22x20px|border|]];
* Territoria a [[Consociatio Nationum|Consociatione Nationum]] non agnita [[Fasciculus:Flag of the United Nations.svg|22x20px|border|]];
* Territoria transmarina;
* [[Insulae deminutae externae Civitatum Foederatarum|Insulae incorporatae]] a [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|CFA]] [[Fasciculus:Flag of the United States.svg|22x20px|border|]];
* Territoria cum [[Regnum Nederlandense|titulo municipii]] ut [[Saba]] [[Fasciculus:Flag of Saba.svg|22x20px|border|]].
Novi omnia eorum vexilla, urbes capitales, et historias.

[[Fasciculus:Flag Map of The World (2025).png|350px|right|thumb|Tabula vexillorum mundi (Stilo ab usore Geography and Space designata).]]

&lt;center&gt;[[Fasciculus:Gatto zzz.gif|Felis dormiens]]&lt;/center&gt;


Atque etiam multas antiquas civitates ut [[Imperium|Imperia]], Regna, [[Res publica|Res publicas]], [[Caliphatus|Caliphatus]], [[Sultanatus|Sultanatus]], Chanatus, [[Dynastiae Sinicae|Dynastias]], Populos, [[Cultura|Culturas]] etc. Item eorum urbes capitales, vexilla, insignia et symbola quae hunc locum significabant.

Vexillologiae [[Fasciculus:Flag of FIAV.svg|22x20px|border|]] et cartographiae peritissimus sum.


=== Collectio Tabularum Geographicarum ===
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;210px&quot;&gt;
Roman Empire Trajan 117AD.png|Tabula Imperii Romani[[File:Vexilloid of the Roman Empire.svg|svg|22px|border]] in maxima potestate aetate Traiani (anno 117).
Vatican City location map.svg|Tabula hodierna Civitatis Vaticanae[[File:Flag of Vatican City (2023–present).svg|22px|border]].
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==&lt;center&gt;[[Fasciculus:Gatto zzz.gif|Felis dormiens]]&lt;/center&gt;==


==Zåiromos in aliis Vicipaediis==
Haec est pagina mea in Vicipaedia Latina. Potes ire ad alias paginas meas in aliis linguis Vicipaediae:
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Portugal.svg|22px|border]] [[:pt:User:Zåiromos|Vicipaedia Lusitana]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|22px|border]] [[:en:User:Zåiromos|Vicipaedia Anglica]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg|22px|border]] [[:bs:User:Zåiromos|Vicipaedia Bosnica]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Shan State.svg|22px|border]] [[:shn:User:Zåiromos|Vicipaedia Shan]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Esperanto.svg|22px|border]] [[:eo:User:Zåiromos|Vicipaedia Esperantica]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Wessex.svg|22px|border]] [[:ang:User:Zåiromos|Vicipaedia Anglica Antiqua]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Egypt (darker shade of gold).svg|22px|border]] [[:arz:User:Zåiromos|Vicipaedia Arabica Aegyptia]]
*[[File:Toki Pona flag.svg|22px|border]][[:tok:User:Zåiromos|Vicipaedia Toki Pona]]
*[[File:Flag of Nunavut.svg|22px|border]][[:iu:User:Zåiromos|Vicipaedia Inuktitut]]

[[pt:User:Zåiromos]]
[[en:User:Zåiromos]]
[[bs:User:Zåiromos]]
[[shn:User:Zåiromos]]
[[eo:User:Zåiromos]]
[[ang:User:Zåiromos]]
[[arz:User:Zåiromos]]
[[tok:User:Zåiromos]]
[[iu:User:Zåiromos]]</text>
      <sha1>d0gp20rh4owahp1nnctb87ud5q2eezr</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3998695</id>
      <parentid>3998675</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T18:42:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Zåiromos</username>
        <id>216309</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Geography and Space.</comment>
      <origin>3998695</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3057" sha1="eb19q9496ae72jl4asl0osgnhzvnisa" xml:space="preserve">Salve, ego sum Zåiromos.

Ego novi omnes:
* 193 civitates sociae [[Consociatio Nationum|Consociationis Nationum (CN)]] [[Fasciculus:Flag of the United Nations.svg|22x20px|border|]];
* Territoria a [[Consociatio Nationum|Consociatione Nationum]] non agnita [[Fasciculus:Flag of the United Nations.svg|22x20px|border|]];
* Territoria transmarina;
* [[Insulae deminutae externae Civitatum Foederatarum|Insulae incorporatae]] a [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|CFA]] [[Fasciculus:Flag of the United States.svg|22x20px|border|]];
* Territoria cum [[Regnum Nederlandense|titulo municipii]] ut [[Saba]] [[Fasciculus:Flag of Saba.svg|22x20px|border|]].
Novi omnia eorum vexilla, urbes capitales, et historias.

[[Fasciculus:Flag Map of The World (2025).png|350px|right|thumb|Tabula vexillorum mundi (Stilo ab usore [https://youtube.com/@geographyandspace?si=6jtfjPgYYl0AXHbK Geography and Space] designata).]]

&lt;center&gt;[[Fasciculus:Gatto zzz.gif|Felis dormiens]]&lt;/center&gt;


Atque etiam multas antiquas civitates ut [[Imperium|Imperia]], Regna, [[Res publica|Res publicas]], [[Caliphatus|Caliphatus]], [[Sultanatus|Sultanatus]], Chanatus, [[Dynastiae Sinicae|Dynastias]], Populos, [[Cultura|Culturas]] etc. Item eorum urbes capitales, vexilla, insignia et symbola quae hunc locum significabant.

Vexillologiae [[Fasciculus:Flag of FIAV.svg|22x20px|border|]] et cartographiae peritissimus sum.


=== Collectio Tabularum Geographicarum ===
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;210px&quot;&gt;
Roman Empire Trajan 117AD.png|Tabula Imperii Romani[[File:Vexilloid of the Roman Empire.svg|svg|22px|border]] in maxima potestate aetate Traiani (anno 117).
Vatican City location map.svg|Tabula hodierna Civitatis Vaticanae[[File:Flag of Vatican City (2023–present).svg|22px|border]].
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==&lt;center&gt;[[Fasciculus:Gatto zzz.gif|Felis dormiens]]&lt;/center&gt;==


==Zåiromos in aliis Vicipaediis==
Haec est pagina mea in Vicipaedia Latina. Potes ire ad alias paginas meas in aliis linguis Vicipaediae:
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Portugal.svg|22px|border]] [[:pt:User:Zåiromos|Vicipaedia Lusitana]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|22px|border]] [[:en:User:Zåiromos|Vicipaedia Anglica]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg|22px|border]] [[:bs:User:Zåiromos|Vicipaedia Bosnica]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Shan State.svg|22px|border]] [[:shn:User:Zåiromos|Vicipaedia Shan]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Esperanto.svg|22px|border]] [[:eo:User:Zåiromos|Vicipaedia Esperantica]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Wessex.svg|22px|border]] [[:ang:User:Zåiromos|Vicipaedia Anglica Antiqua]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Egypt (darker shade of gold).svg|22px|border]] [[:arz:User:Zåiromos|Vicipaedia Arabica Aegyptia]]
*[[File:Toki Pona flag.svg|22px|border]][[:tok:User:Zåiromos|Vicipaedia Toki Pona]]
*[[File:Flag of Nunavut.svg|22px|border]][[:iu:User:Zåiromos|Vicipaedia Inuktitut]]

[[pt:User:Zåiromos]]
[[en:User:Zåiromos]]
[[bs:User:Zåiromos]]
[[shn:User:Zåiromos]]
[[eo:User:Zåiromos]]
[[ang:User:Zåiromos]]
[[arz:User:Zåiromos]]
[[tok:User:Zåiromos]]
[[iu:User:Zåiromos]]</text>
      <sha1>eb19q9496ae72jl4asl0osgnhzvnisa</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Adamus West</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329782</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3998647</id>
      <parentid>3998580</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T14:01:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IacobusAmor</username>
        <id>1163</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>3998647</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="948" sha1="e9jsozepd4tbl2ajm0n9hq2u38ni8xv" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}
{{res|Gulielmus West Anderson}} (natus [[Walla Walla|Wallae Wallae]] die [[19 Septembris]] [[1928]]; mortuus [[Angelopolis|Angelopoli]] die [[9 Iunii]] [[2017]]), [[nomen professionale|nomine professionali]] {{res|Adam West}} notus, fuit [[histrio|actor]] [[CFA|Americanus]]. [[Batman]]em [[anni 1960|annis 1960]] insigniter egit. Alumnus [[Collegium Whitmanensis|Collegii Whitmanensis]] fuit.

== Pelliculae selectae ==
* [[1966]]–[[1968]]: ''Batman''
* [[1977]]: ''The New Adventures of Batman''
* [[2000]]–[[2018]]: ''[[Family Guy]]''
* [[2003]]–[[2009]]: ''[[The Fairly Odd Parents]]''

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Adam West|Adamum West}}
{{Fontes biographici}}
* {{IMDb|0001842|Adamo West}}

{{bio-stipula}}

{{Anni vitae|1928|2017|West, Adamus}}
[[Categoria:Actores televisifici Civitatum Foederatarum]]
[[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Freti Pugetensis]]
[[Categoria:Incolae Vasingtoniae civitatis]]</text>
      <sha1>e9jsozepd4tbl2ajm0n9hq2u38ni8xv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Atridae</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329785</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3998658</id>
      <parentid>3998618</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T16:27:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bavarese</username>
        <id>43163</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>vocabulo &quot;necnon&quot;ain lingua classica numquam duae res coniunguntur, sed diue sententi</comment>
      <origin>3998658</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="421" sha1="50arp9dwov7hlw5zd4c7sp7rg26h8cj" xml:space="preserve">{{res|Atridae}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Gaffiot}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Cf. ''[[Heraclidae]]'', ''[[Persidae]]''…&lt;/ref&gt; seu {{res|Atreidae}} sunt filii et filiae [[Atreus|Atrei]] [[Aerope|Aeropes]]que eorumque proles:
* [[Agamemnon]]
** [[Iphigenia]]
** [[Chrysothemis (filia Agamemnonis)|Chrysothemis]]
** [[Electra]]
** [[Orestes]]
* [[Menelaus]]
** [[Hermione]]
** [[Nicostratus]]
* [[Anaxibia]]
** [[Pylades]]

{{notae}}

[[Categoria:Atridae|*]]</text>
      <sha1>50arp9dwov7hlw5zd4c7sp7rg26h8cj</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3998662</id>
      <parentid>3998658</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T16:48:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bavarese</username>
        <id>43163</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Abrogans recensionem 3998658 ab usore [[User:Bavarese|Bavarese]] ([[User talk:Bavarese|Disputatio]] | [[Special:Contributions/Bavarese|conlationes]])</comment>
      <origin>3998662</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="425" sha1="b9wexxopyjpx6ok2hovfb7wt4gvce0q" xml:space="preserve">{{res|Atridae}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Gaffiot}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Cf. ''[[Heraclidae]]'', ''[[Persidae]]''…&lt;/ref&gt; seu {{res|Atreidae}} sunt filii et filiae [[Atreus|Atrei]] [[Aerope|Aeropes]]que necnon eorum proles:
* [[Agamemnon]]
** [[Iphigenia]]
** [[Chrysothemis (filia Agamemnonis)|Chrysothemis]]
** [[Electra]]
** [[Orestes]]
* [[Menelaus]]
** [[Hermione]]
** [[Nicostratus]]
* [[Anaxibia]]
** [[Pylades]]

{{notae}}

[[Categoria:Atridae|*]]</text>
      <sha1>b9wexxopyjpx6ok2hovfb7wt4gvce0q</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3998702</id>
      <parentid>3998662</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T19:34:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>De forma feminina, fortasse</comment>
      <origin>3998702</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="700" sha1="24iq299a0k6o51x17gf7obh1rj0h8z4" xml:space="preserve">{{res|Atrīdae}}{{L&amp;S ref|Atreus}}{{Gaffiot ref|Atrida|182}}&lt;ref&gt;Cf. ''[[Heraclidae]]'', ''[[Persidae]]''…&lt;/ref&gt; (sing. Atrīda vel Atrīdēs, {{pns|ae|m}}) seu {{res|Atreidae}} (sing. Atreida vel Atreidēs, {{pns|ae|m}}), forma feminina fortasse {{res|Atrīdes}}{{FD ref}} (sing. Atrīs, {{pns|īdis|f}}) seu {{res|Atreides}}{{FD ref}} (sing. Atreis, {{pns|idis|f}}), sunt filii et filiae [[Atreus|Atrei]] [[Aerope|Aeropes]]que necnon eorum proles:
* [[Agamemnon]]
** [[Iphigenia]]
** [[Chrysothemis (filia Agamemnonis)|Chrysothemis]]
** [[Electra]]
** [[Orestes]]
* [[Menelaus]]
** [[Hermione]]
** [[Nicostratus]]
* [[Anaxibia]]
** [[Pylades]]

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Categoria:Atridae|*]]</text>
      <sha1>24iq299a0k6o51x17gf7obh1rj0h8z4</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3998733</id>
      <parentid>3998702</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T21:29:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+{{[[Formula:|Index arborescens|Index arborescens]]}}</comment>
      <origin>3998733</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="749" sha1="rx5k0cqtfd8gcm14x2maz32kor5d2ej" xml:space="preserve">{{res|Atrīdae}}{{L&amp;S ref|Atreus}}{{Gaffiot ref|Atrida|182}}&lt;ref&gt;Cf. ''[[Heraclidae]]'', ''[[Persidae]]''…&lt;/ref&gt; (sing. Atrīda vel Atrīdēs, {{pns|ae|m}}) seu {{res|Atreidae}} (sing. Atreida vel Atreidēs, {{pns|ae|m}}), forma feminina fortasse {{res|Atrīdes}}{{FD ref}} (sing. Atrīs, {{pns|īdis|f}}) seu {{res|Atreides}}{{FD ref}} (sing. Atreis, {{pns|idis|f}}), sunt filii et filiae [[Atreus|Atrei]] [[Aerope|Aeropes]]que necnon eorum proles:

{{Index arborescens|style=margin-left: 1em;|
* [[Agamemnon]]
** [[Iphigenia]]
** [[Chrysothemis (filia Agamemnonis)|Chrysothemis]]
** [[Electra]]
** [[Orestes]]
* [[Menelaus]]
** [[Hermione]]
** [[Nicostratus]]
* [[Anaxibia]]
** [[Pylades]]
}}

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Categoria:Atridae|*]]</text>
      <sha1>rx5k0cqtfd8gcm14x2maz32kor5d2ej</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3998734</id>
      <parentid>3998733</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T21:32:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3998734</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="806" sha1="0tpwevh0p1iezle5lmcxrb00cmdz5nr" xml:space="preserve">{{res|Atrīdae}}{{L&amp;S ref|Atreus}}{{Gaffiot ref|Atrida|182}}&lt;ref&gt;Cf. ''[[Heraclidae]]'', ''[[Persidae]]''…&lt;/ref&gt; (sing. Atrīda vel Atrīdēs, {{pns|ae|m}}) seu {{res|Atreidae}} (sing. Atreida vel Atreidēs, {{pns|ae|m}}), forma feminina fortasse {{res|Atrīdes}}{{FD ref}} (sing. Atrīs, {{pns|īdis|f}}) seu {{res|Atreides}}{{FD ref}} (sing. Atreis, {{pns|idis|f}}), sunt filii et filiae [[Atreus|Atrei]] [[Aerope|Aeropae]]&lt;nowiki /&gt;que necnon eorum proles:

{{Index arborescens|style=margin-left: 1em;|
* [[Atreus]] [[Aerope]]&lt;nowiki /&gt;que
** [[Agamemnon]]
*** [[Iphigenia]]
*** [[Chrysothemis (filia Agamemnonis)|Chrysothemis]]
*** [[Electra]]
*** [[Orestes]]
** [[Menelaus]]
*** [[Hermione]]
*** [[Nicostratus]]
** [[Anaxibia]]
*** [[Pylades]]
}}

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Categoria:Atridae|*]]</text>
      <sha1>0tpwevh0p1iezle5lmcxrb00cmdz5nr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Sveno Lundström</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329788</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3998638</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T13:39:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Torstanus</username>
        <id>212901</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Paginam institui</comment>
      <origin>3998638</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3332" sha1="jakzum9lr7luejqpv1wujnzri093w5j" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa Vicidatorum}}

'''Sven Lundström''' (natus [[30 Ianuarii]] [[1914]] Lundae, mortuus [[2007]]) ab [[1961]] ad [[1979]] professor [[Lingua Latina|linguae Latinae]] in [[Universitas Upsaliensis|Universitate Upsaliensi]] erat.&lt;ref&gt;''Nationalyncyklopedin'', &quot;Sven Lundström,&quot;https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/sven-lundstr%C3%B6m&lt;/ref&gt; Plurimi libri de lingua Latina scripsi, in quorum ''Att översätta till latin'' (&quot;In linguam Latinam convertere&quot;) etiam nunc in universitatibus Sueticis adhibetur. Eius commercium litterarum cum Iohanne Drexler in Bibliotheca Publica et Academica Saxoniae Inferioris Goettingensis ([[Lingua Theodisca|Theodisce]] ''Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen'') conservatum est.&lt;ref&gt;Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, Cod. MS H. Drexler G 200, http://kalliope-verbund.info/DE-611-HS-3446287&lt;/ref&gt;

== Opera selecta ==

* 1997. [[Quintus Horatius Flaccus|Horatius]], ''Tolv dikter: En komplettering av kommentarerna hos Sjövall-Wistrand-Bendz''. Upsaliae: In Universitate Upsaliensi (editor et interpres).
* 1995. [[Gaius Sallustius Crispus|Sallust]], ''De coniuratione Catilinae: Latinsk text jämte svensk översättning och kommentar''. Upsaliae: In Universitate Upsaliensi (editor et interpres).
* 1995. [[Lucius Annaeus Seneca minor|Seneca]], ''Sex brev: Latinsk text jämte översättning och kommentar''. Upsaliae: In Universitate Upsaliensi (editor et interpres).
* 1995. [[Cornelius Tacitus|Tacitus]], ''Agricola: Latinsk text och svensk översättning samt lexikaliska och grammatiska notiser''. Upsaliae: In Universitate Upsaliensi (editor et interpres).
* 1987. ''Die Überlieferung der lateinischen Irenaeusübersetzung''. Upsaliae: Almqvist &amp; Wiksell.
* 1986. ''Zur Textkritik der Tusculanen''. Upsaliae: Almqvist &amp; Wiksell.
* 1983. ''Lexicon errorum interpretum Latinorum''. Upsaliae: Almqvist &amp; Wiksell.
* 1982. ''Ein textkritisches Problem in den Tusculanen''. Holmiae et Upsaliae: Almqvist &amp; Wiksell.
* 1973. ''Kommentar till Aeineidens sjätte bok''. Upsaliae: In Universitate Upsaliensi.
* 1970. ''Latinet och svenskan''. Upsaliae: In Universitate Upsaliensi.
* 1964. ''Vermeintliche Glosseme in der Tusculanen''. Upsaliae: Almqvist &amp; Wiksell.
* 1961. Abhinc ''und'' ante'': Studien zur Geschichte der lateinischen Zeitdifferenzbestimmungen''. Lundae: Kunliga humanistiska vetenskapssamfundet. 
* 1961. ''Att översätta till latin''. Holmiae, Gothoburgi, Upsaliae: Almqvist &amp; Wiksell. Iterum divulgatus 1972.
* 1958. ''Latinets ljud- och formhistoria''. Holmaie: Almqvist &amp; Wiksell.
* 1957. &quot;''Distraccio et scandalum'' dans les Annales Sigtunenses,&quot; ''Archivum Latinitatis Medii Aevi'' 27, no. 3, pp. 293-311.
* 1957. &quot;''Insertus'' statt ''insitus'',&quot; ''Archivum Latinitatis Medii Aevi'' 27, no. 2, pp. 231-34.
* 1955. ''Übersetzungstechnische Unterschungen auf dem Gebiete der christlichen Latinität''. Lundae: Gleerup.
* 1953. &quot;Sprachliche Bemerkungen zur ''Historia tripartita'' des Cassiodor,&quot; ''Archivum Latinitatis Medii Aevi'' 23, no. 1, pp. 19-34.
* 1951. &quot;De codice Helsingburgensi commentariorum de bello Gallico Caesaris,&quot; ''Scriptorium'' 5, no. 2, pp. 301-3.

[[Categoria:Viri]]
[[Categoria:Professores linguae Latinae]]
[[Categoria:Academici Sueciae]]
[[Categoria:Nati 1914]]
[[Categoria:Mortui 2007]]</text>
      <sha1>jakzum9lr7luejqpv1wujnzri093w5j</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3998640</id>
      <parentid>3998638</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T13:49:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IacobusAmor</username>
        <id>1163</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>~</comment>
      <origin>3998640</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3363" sha1="ith1yhzuup1nddhq8xlz014rbfylkcc" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa Vicidatorum}}

'''Sven Lundström''' (natus [[Lunda]]e [[30 Ianuarii]] [[1914]]; mortuus [[2007]]) ab [[1961]] ad [[1979]] fuit [[professor]] [[Lingua Latina|linguae Latinae]] in [[Universitas Upsaliensis|Universitate Upsaliensi]].&lt;ref&gt;''Nationalyncyklopedin'', &quot;Sven Lundström,&quot;https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/sven-lundstr%C3%B6m&lt;/ref&gt; Plurimos libros de [[lingua Latina|nostra lingua]] protulit, inter quos ''Att översätta till latin'' (&quot;In linguam Latinam convertere&quot;) etiam nunc in [[universitas|universitatibus]] Sueticis adhibetur. Eius [[commercium]] litterarum cum [[Ioannes Drexler|Ioanne Drexler]] in [[Bibliotheca Publica et Academica Saxoniae Inferioris Goettingensis]]&lt;!-- [[Theodisce]] ''Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen''--&gt; conservatur.&lt;ref&gt;Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, Cod. MS H. Drexler G 200, http://kalliope-verbund.info/DE-611-HS-3446287&lt;/ref&gt;

== Opera selecta ==
* 1997. [[Quintus Horatius Flaccus|Horatius]], ''Tolv dikter: En komplettering av kommentarerna hos Sjövall-Wistrand-Bendz''. Upsaliae: In Universitate Upsaliensi (editor et interpres).
* 1995. [[Gaius Sallustius Crispus|Sallust]], ''De coniuratione Catilinae: Latinsk text jämte svensk översättning och kommentar''. Upsaliae: In Universitate Upsaliensi (editor et interpres).
* 1995. [[Lucius Annaeus Seneca minor|Seneca]], ''Sex brev: Latinsk text jämte översättning och kommentar''. Upsaliae: In Universitate Upsaliensi (editor et interpres).
* 1995. [[Cornelius Tacitus|Tacitus]], ''Agricola: Latinsk text och svensk översättning samt lexikaliska och grammatiska notiser''. Upsaliae: In Universitate Upsaliensi (editor et interpres).
* 1987. ''Die Überlieferung der lateinischen Irenaeusübersetzung''. Upsaliae: Almqvist &amp; Wiksell.
* 1986. ''Zur Textkritik der Tusculanen''. Upsaliae: Almqvist &amp; Wiksell.
* 1983. ''Lexicon errorum interpretum Latinorum''. Upsaliae: Almqvist &amp; Wiksell.
* 1982. ''Ein textkritisches Problem in den Tusculanen''. Holmiae et Upsaliae: Almqvist &amp; Wiksell.
* 1973. ''Kommentar till Aeineidens sjätte bok''. Upsaliae: In Universitate Upsaliensi.
* 1970. ''Latinet och svenskan''. Upsaliae: In Universitate Upsaliensi.
* 1964. ''Vermeintliche Glosseme in der Tusculanen''. Upsaliae: Almqvist &amp; Wiksell.
* 1961. Abhinc ''und'' ante'': Studien zur Geschichte der lateinischen Zeitdifferenzbestimmungen''. Lundae: Kunliga humanistiska vetenskapssamfundet. 
* 1961. ''Att översätta till latin''. Holmiae, Gothoburgi, Upsaliae: Almqvist &amp; Wiksell. Iterum divulgatus 1972.
* 1958. ''Latinets ljud- och formhistoria''. Holmaie: Almqvist &amp; Wiksell.
* 1957. &quot;''Distraccio et scandalum'' dans les Annales Sigtunenses,&quot; ''Archivum Latinitatis Medii Aevi'' 27, no. 3, pp. 293-311.
* 1957. &quot;''Insertus'' statt ''insitus'',&quot; ''Archivum Latinitatis Medii Aevi'' 27, no. 2, pp. 231-34.
* 1955. ''Übersetzungstechnische Unterschungen auf dem Gebiete der christlichen Latinität''. Lundae: Gleerup.
* 1953. &quot;Sprachliche Bemerkungen zur ''Historia tripartita'' des Cassiodor,&quot; ''Archivum Latinitatis Medii Aevi'' 23, no. 1, pp. 19-34.
* 1951. &quot;De codice Helsingburgensi commentariorum de bello Gallico Caesaris,&quot; ''Scriptorium'' 5, no. 2, pp. 301-3.

{{Anni vitae|1914|2007|Lundström, Svenus}}
[[Categoria:Academici Sueciae]]
[[Categoria:Professores linguae Latinae]]</text>
      <sha1>ith1yhzuup1nddhq8xlz014rbfylkcc</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3998641</id>
      <parentid>3998640</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T13:51:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IacobusAmor</username>
        <id>1163</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>3998641</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3429" sha1="f1c72xdzk8f3fvq9vcbuq536rf1x7py" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa Vicidatorum}}

'''Sven Lundström''' (natus [[Lunda]]e [[30 Ianuarii]] [[1914]]; mortuus [[2007]]) ab [[1961]] ad [[1979]] fuit [[professor]] [[Lingua Latina|linguae Latinae]] in [[Universitas Upsaliensis|Universitate Upsaliensi]].&lt;ref&gt;''Nationalyncyklopedin'', &quot;Sven Lundström,&quot;https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/sven-lundstr%C3%B6m&lt;/ref&gt; Plurimos libros de [[lingua Latina|nostra lingua]] protulit, inter quos ''Att översätta till latin'' (&quot;In linguam Latinam convertere&quot;) etiam nunc in [[universitas|universitatibus]] Sueticis adhibetur. Eius [[commercium]] litterarum cum [[Ioannes Drexler|Ioanne Drexler]] in [[Bibliotheca Publica et Academica Saxoniae Inferioris Goettingensis|Bibliotheca Publica et Academica Saxoniae Inferioris Goettingensi]]&lt;!-- [[Theodisce]] ''Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen''--&gt; conservatur.&lt;ref&gt;Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, Cod. MS H. Drexler G 200, http://kalliope-verbund.info/DE-611-HS-3446287&lt;/ref&gt;

== Opera selecta ==
* 1997. [[Quintus Horatius Flaccus|Horatius]], ''Tolv dikter: En komplettering av kommentarerna hos Sjövall-Wistrand-Bendz''. Upsaliae: In Universitate Upsaliensi (editor et interpres).
* 1995. [[Gaius Sallustius Crispus|Sallust]], ''De coniuratione Catilinae: Latinsk text jämte svensk översättning och kommentar''. Upsaliae: In Universitate Upsaliensi (editor et interpres).
* 1995. [[Lucius Annaeus Seneca minor|Seneca]], ''Sex brev: Latinsk text jämte översättning och kommentar''. Upsaliae: In Universitate Upsaliensi (editor et interpres).
* 1995. [[Cornelius Tacitus|Tacitus]], ''Agricola: Latinsk text och svensk översättning samt lexikaliska och grammatiska notiser''. Upsaliae: In Universitate Upsaliensi (editor et interpres).
* 1987. ''Die Überlieferung der lateinischen Irenaeusübersetzung''. Upsaliae: Almqvist &amp; Wiksell.
* 1986. ''Zur Textkritik der Tusculanen''. Upsaliae: Almqvist &amp; Wiksell.
* 1983. ''Lexicon errorum interpretum Latinorum''. Upsaliae: Almqvist &amp; Wiksell.
* 1982. ''Ein textkritisches Problem in den Tusculanen''. Holmiae et Upsaliae: Almqvist &amp; Wiksell.
* 1973. ''Kommentar till Aeineidens sjätte bok''. Upsaliae: In Universitate Upsaliensi.
* 1970. ''Latinet och svenskan''. Upsaliae: In Universitate Upsaliensi.
* 1964. ''Vermeintliche Glosseme in der Tusculanen''. Upsaliae: Almqvist &amp; Wiksell.
* 1961. Abhinc ''und'' ante'': Studien zur Geschichte der lateinischen Zeitdifferenzbestimmungen''. Lundae: Kunliga humanistiska vetenskapssamfundet. 
* 1961. ''Att översätta till latin''. Holmiae, Gothoburgi, Upsaliae: Almqvist &amp; Wiksell. Iterum divulgatus 1972.
* 1958. ''Latinets ljud- och formhistoria''. Holmaie: Almqvist &amp; Wiksell.
* 1957. &quot;''Distraccio et scandalum'' dans les Annales Sigtunenses,&quot; ''Archivum Latinitatis Medii Aevi'' 27, no. 3, pp. 293-311.
* 1957. &quot;''Insertus'' statt ''insitus'',&quot; ''Archivum Latinitatis Medii Aevi'' 27, no. 2, pp. 231-34.
* 1955. ''Übersetzungstechnische Unterschungen auf dem Gebiete der christlichen Latinität''. Lundae: Gleerup.
* 1953. &quot;Sprachliche Bemerkungen zur ''Historia tripartita'' des Cassiodor,&quot; ''Archivum Latinitatis Medii Aevi'' 23, no. 1, pp. 19-34.
* 1951. &quot;De codice Helsingburgensi commentariorum de bello Gallico Caesaris,&quot; ''Scriptorium'' 5, no. 2, pp. 301-3.

{{Anni vitae|1914|2007|Lundström, Svenus}}
[[Categoria:Academici Sueciae]]
[[Categoria:Professores linguae Latinae]]</text>
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      <text bytes="3469" sha1="1j2eribl0235ht63h6hltc06l081qkz" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa Vicidatorum}}
'''Sven Lundström''' (natus [[Lunda]]e [[30 Ianuarii]] [[1914]]; mortuus [[2007]]) ab [[1961]] ad [[1979]] fuit [[professor]] [[Lingua Latina|linguae Latinae]] in [[Universitas Upsaliensis|Universitate Upsaliensi]].&lt;ref&gt;''Nationalyncyklopedin'', &quot;Sven Lundström,&quot;https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/sven-lundstr%C3%B6m&lt;/ref&gt; Plurimos libros de [[lingua Latina|nostra lingua]] protulit, inter quos ''Att översätta till latin'' (&quot;In linguam Latinam convertere&quot;) etiam nunc in [[universitas|universitatibus]] Sueticis adhibetur. Eius [[commercium]] litterarum cum [[Ioannes Drexler|Ioanne Drexler]] in [[Bibliotheca Publica et Academica Saxoniae Inferioris Goettingensis|Bibliotheca Publica et Academica Saxoniae Inferioris Goettingensi]]&lt;!-- [[Theodisce]] ''Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen''--&gt; conservatur.&lt;ref&gt;Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, Cod. MS H. Drexler G 200, http://kalliope-verbund.info/DE-611-HS-3446287&lt;/ref&gt;

== Opera selecta ==
* 1997. [[Quintus Horatius Flaccus|Horatius]], ''Tolv dikter: En komplettering av kommentarerna hos Sjövall-Wistrand-Bendz''. Upsaliae: In Universitate Upsaliensi (editor et interpres).
* 1995. [[Gaius Sallustius Crispus|Sallust]], ''De coniuratione Catilinae: Latinsk text jämte svensk översättning och kommentar''. Upsaliae: In Universitate Upsaliensi (editor et interpres).
* 1995. [[Lucius Annaeus Seneca minor|Seneca]], ''Sex brev: Latinsk text jämte översättning och kommentar''. Upsaliae: In Universitate Upsaliensi (editor et interpres).
* 1995. [[Cornelius Tacitus|Tacitus]], ''Agricola: Latinsk text och svensk översättning samt lexikaliska och grammatiska notiser''. Upsaliae: In Universitate Upsaliensi (editor et interpres).
* 1987. ''Die Überlieferung der lateinischen Irenaeusübersetzung''. Upsaliae: Almqvist &amp; Wiksell.
* 1986. ''Zur Textkritik der Tusculanen''. Upsaliae: Almqvist &amp; Wiksell.
* 1983. ''Lexicon errorum interpretum Latinorum''. Upsaliae: Almqvist &amp; Wiksell.
* 1982. ''Ein textkritisches Problem in den Tusculanen''. Holmiae et Upsaliae: Almqvist &amp; Wiksell.
* 1973. ''Kommentar till Aeineidens sjätte bok''. Upsaliae: In Universitate Upsaliensi.
* 1970. ''Latinet och svenskan''. Upsaliae: In Universitate Upsaliensi.
* 1964. ''Vermeintliche Glosseme in der Tusculanen''. Upsaliae: Almqvist &amp; Wiksell.
* 1961. Abhinc ''und'' ante'': Studien zur Geschichte der lateinischen Zeitdifferenzbestimmungen''. Lundae: Kunliga humanistiska vetenskapssamfundet. 
* 1961. ''Att översätta till latin''. Holmiae, Gothoburgi, Upsaliae: Almqvist &amp; Wiksell. Iterum divulgatus 1972.
* 1958. ''Latinets ljud- och formhistoria''. Holmaie: Almqvist &amp; Wiksell.
* 1957. &quot;''Distraccio et scandalum'' dans les Annales Sigtunenses,&quot; ''Archivum Latinitatis Medii Aevi'' 27, no. 3, pp. 293-311.
* 1957. &quot;''Insertus'' statt ''insitus'',&quot; ''Archivum Latinitatis Medii Aevi'' 27, no. 2, pp. 231-34.
* 1955. ''Übersetzungstechnische Unterschungen auf dem Gebiete der christlichen Latinität''. Lundae: Gleerup.
* 1953. &quot;Sprachliche Bemerkungen zur ''Historia tripartita'' des Cassiodor,&quot; ''Archivum Latinitatis Medii Aevi'' 23, no. 1, pp. 19-34.
* 1951. &quot;De codice Helsingburgensi commentariorum de bello Gallico Caesaris,&quot; ''Scriptorium'' 5, no. 2, pp. 301-3.

==Notae==
&lt;references/&gt;

{{Anni vitae|1914|2007|Lundström, Svenus}}
[[Categoria:Academici Sueciae]]
[[Categoria:Professores linguae Latinae]]{{Nexus absunt}}</text>
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      <comment>Torstanus movit paginam [[Sven Lundström]] ad [[Sveno Lundström]]: Titulus male scriptus</comment>
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      <text bytes="3469" sha1="1j2eribl0235ht63h6hltc06l081qkz" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa Vicidatorum}}
'''Sven Lundström''' (natus [[Lunda]]e [[30 Ianuarii]] [[1914]]; mortuus [[2007]]) ab [[1961]] ad [[1979]] fuit [[professor]] [[Lingua Latina|linguae Latinae]] in [[Universitas Upsaliensis|Universitate Upsaliensi]].&lt;ref&gt;''Nationalyncyklopedin'', &quot;Sven Lundström,&quot;https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/sven-lundstr%C3%B6m&lt;/ref&gt; Plurimos libros de [[lingua Latina|nostra lingua]] protulit, inter quos ''Att översätta till latin'' (&quot;In linguam Latinam convertere&quot;) etiam nunc in [[universitas|universitatibus]] Sueticis adhibetur. Eius [[commercium]] litterarum cum [[Ioannes Drexler|Ioanne Drexler]] in [[Bibliotheca Publica et Academica Saxoniae Inferioris Goettingensis|Bibliotheca Publica et Academica Saxoniae Inferioris Goettingensi]]&lt;!-- [[Theodisce]] ''Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen''--&gt; conservatur.&lt;ref&gt;Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, Cod. MS H. Drexler G 200, http://kalliope-verbund.info/DE-611-HS-3446287&lt;/ref&gt;

== Opera selecta ==
* 1997. [[Quintus Horatius Flaccus|Horatius]], ''Tolv dikter: En komplettering av kommentarerna hos Sjövall-Wistrand-Bendz''. Upsaliae: In Universitate Upsaliensi (editor et interpres).
* 1995. [[Gaius Sallustius Crispus|Sallust]], ''De coniuratione Catilinae: Latinsk text jämte svensk översättning och kommentar''. Upsaliae: In Universitate Upsaliensi (editor et interpres).
* 1995. [[Lucius Annaeus Seneca minor|Seneca]], ''Sex brev: Latinsk text jämte översättning och kommentar''. Upsaliae: In Universitate Upsaliensi (editor et interpres).
* 1995. [[Cornelius Tacitus|Tacitus]], ''Agricola: Latinsk text och svensk översättning samt lexikaliska och grammatiska notiser''. Upsaliae: In Universitate Upsaliensi (editor et interpres).
* 1987. ''Die Überlieferung der lateinischen Irenaeusübersetzung''. Upsaliae: Almqvist &amp; Wiksell.
* 1986. ''Zur Textkritik der Tusculanen''. Upsaliae: Almqvist &amp; Wiksell.
* 1983. ''Lexicon errorum interpretum Latinorum''. Upsaliae: Almqvist &amp; Wiksell.
* 1982. ''Ein textkritisches Problem in den Tusculanen''. Holmiae et Upsaliae: Almqvist &amp; Wiksell.
* 1973. ''Kommentar till Aeineidens sjätte bok''. Upsaliae: In Universitate Upsaliensi.
* 1970. ''Latinet och svenskan''. Upsaliae: In Universitate Upsaliensi.
* 1964. ''Vermeintliche Glosseme in der Tusculanen''. Upsaliae: Almqvist &amp; Wiksell.
* 1961. Abhinc ''und'' ante'': Studien zur Geschichte der lateinischen Zeitdifferenzbestimmungen''. Lundae: Kunliga humanistiska vetenskapssamfundet. 
* 1961. ''Att översätta till latin''. Holmiae, Gothoburgi, Upsaliae: Almqvist &amp; Wiksell. Iterum divulgatus 1972.
* 1958. ''Latinets ljud- och formhistoria''. Holmaie: Almqvist &amp; Wiksell.
* 1957. &quot;''Distraccio et scandalum'' dans les Annales Sigtunenses,&quot; ''Archivum Latinitatis Medii Aevi'' 27, no. 3, pp. 293-311.
* 1957. &quot;''Insertus'' statt ''insitus'',&quot; ''Archivum Latinitatis Medii Aevi'' 27, no. 2, pp. 231-34.
* 1955. ''Übersetzungstechnische Unterschungen auf dem Gebiete der christlichen Latinität''. Lundae: Gleerup.
* 1953. &quot;Sprachliche Bemerkungen zur ''Historia tripartita'' des Cassiodor,&quot; ''Archivum Latinitatis Medii Aevi'' 23, no. 1, pp. 19-34.
* 1951. &quot;De codice Helsingburgensi commentariorum de bello Gallico Caesaris,&quot; ''Scriptorium'' 5, no. 2, pp. 301-3.

==Notae==
&lt;references/&gt;

{{Anni vitae|1914|2007|Lundström, Svenus}}
[[Categoria:Academici Sueciae]]
[[Categoria:Professores linguae Latinae]]{{Nexus absunt}}</text>
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      <id>3998645</id>
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        <id>212901</id>
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      <text bytes="3499" sha1="2xwf8f4vugsyuuc5p1otsq6q86dp55a" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa Vicidatorum}}
'''Sveno Lundström''' (Suetice ''Sven Lundström'', natus [[Lunda]]e [[30 Ianuarii]] [[1914]]; mortuus [[2007]]) ab [[1961]] ad [[1979]] fuit [[professor]] [[Lingua Latina|linguae Latinae]] in [[Universitas Upsaliensis|Universitate Upsaliensi]].&lt;ref&gt;''Nationalyncyklopedin'', &quot;Sven Lundström,&quot;https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/sven-lundstr%C3%B6m&lt;/ref&gt; Plurimos libros de [[lingua Latina|nostra lingua]] protulit, inter quos ''Att översätta till latin'' (&quot;In linguam Latinam convertere&quot;) etiam nunc in [[universitas|universitatibus]] Sueticis adhibetur. Eius [[commercium]] litterarum cum [[Ioannes Drexler|Ioanne Drexler]] in [[Bibliotheca Publica et Academica Saxoniae Inferioris Goettingensis|Bibliotheca Publica et Academica Saxoniae Inferioris Goettingensi]]&lt;!-- [[Theodisce]] ''Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen''--&gt; conservatur.&lt;ref&gt;Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, Cod. MS H. Drexler G 200, http://kalliope-verbund.info/DE-611-HS-3446287&lt;/ref&gt;

== Opera selecta ==
* 1997. [[Quintus Horatius Flaccus|Horatius]], ''Tolv dikter: En komplettering av kommentarerna hos Sjövall-Wistrand-Bendz''. Upsaliae: In Universitate Upsaliensi (editor et interpres).
* 1995. [[Gaius Sallustius Crispus|Sallust]], ''De coniuratione Catilinae: Latinsk text jämte svensk översättning och kommentar''. Upsaliae: In Universitate Upsaliensi (editor et interpres).
* 1995. [[Lucius Annaeus Seneca minor|Seneca]], ''Sex brev: Latinsk text jämte översättning och kommentar''. Upsaliae: In Universitate Upsaliensi (editor et interpres).
* 1995. [[Cornelius Tacitus|Tacitus]], ''Agricola: Latinsk text och svensk översättning samt lexikaliska och grammatiska notiser''. Upsaliae: In Universitate Upsaliensi (editor et interpres).
* 1987. ''Die Überlieferung der lateinischen Irenaeusübersetzung''. Upsaliae: Almqvist &amp; Wiksell.
* 1986. ''Zur Textkritik der Tusculanen''. Upsaliae: Almqvist &amp; Wiksell.
* 1983. ''Lexicon errorum interpretum Latinorum''. Upsaliae: Almqvist &amp; Wiksell.
* 1982. ''Ein textkritisches Problem in den Tusculanen''. Holmiae et Upsaliae: Almqvist &amp; Wiksell.
* 1973. ''Kommentar till Aeineidens sjätte bok''. Upsaliae: In Universitate Upsaliensi.
* 1970. ''Latinet och svenskan''. Upsaliae: In Universitate Upsaliensi.
* 1964. ''Vermeintliche Glosseme in der Tusculanen''. Upsaliae: Almqvist &amp; Wiksell.
* 1961. Abhinc ''und'' ante'': Studien zur Geschichte der lateinischen Zeitdifferenzbestimmungen''. Lundae: Kunliga humanistiska vetenskapssamfundet. 
* 1961. ''Att översätta till latin''. Holmiae, Gothoburgi, Upsaliae: Almqvist &amp; Wiksell. Iterum divulgatus 1972.
* 1958. ''Latinets ljud- och formhistoria''. Holmaie: Almqvist &amp; Wiksell.
* 1957. &quot;''Distraccio et scandalum'' dans les Annales Sigtunenses,&quot; ''Archivum Latinitatis Medii Aevi'' 27, no. 3, pp. 293-311.
* 1957. &quot;''Insertus'' statt ''insitus'',&quot; ''Archivum Latinitatis Medii Aevi'' 27, no. 2, pp. 231-34.
* 1955. ''Übersetzungstechnische Unterschungen auf dem Gebiete der christlichen Latinität''. Lundae: Gleerup.
* 1953. &quot;Sprachliche Bemerkungen zur ''Historia tripartita'' des Cassiodor,&quot; ''Archivum Latinitatis Medii Aevi'' 23, no. 1, pp. 19-34.
* 1951. &quot;De codice Helsingburgensi commentariorum de bello Gallico Caesaris,&quot; ''Scriptorium'' 5, no. 2, pp. 301-3.

==Notae==
&lt;references/&gt;

{{Anni vitae|1914|2007|Lundström, Svenus}}
[[Categoria:Academici Sueciae]]
[[Categoria:Professores linguae Latinae]]{{Nexus absunt}}</text>
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      <text bytes="3507" sha1="1anh9xy3qfb2tmpyatjab1jo0qi5gvp" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}
'''Sveno Lundström''' (Suetice ''Sven Lundström'', natus [[Lunda]]e [[30 Ianuarii]] [[1914]]; mortuus [[2007]]) ab [[1961]] ad [[1979]] fuit [[professor]] [[Lingua Latina|linguae Latinae]] in [[Universitas Upsaliensis|Universitate Upsaliensi]].&lt;ref&gt;''Nationalyncyklopedin'', &quot;Sven Lundström,&quot;https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/sven-lundstr%C3%B6m&lt;/ref&gt; Plurimos libros de [[lingua Latina|nostra lingua]] protulit, inter quos ''Att översätta till latin'' (&quot;In linguam Latinam convertere&quot;) etiam nunc in [[universitas|universitatibus]] Sueticis adhibetur. Eius [[commercium]] litterarum cum [[Ioannes Drexler|Ioanne Drexler]] in [[Bibliotheca Publica et Academica Saxoniae Inferioris Goettingensis|Bibliotheca Publica et Academica Saxoniae Inferioris Goettingensi]]&lt;!-- [[Theodisce]] ''Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen''--&gt; conservatur.&lt;ref&gt;Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, Cod. MS H. Drexler G 200, http://kalliope-verbund.info/DE-611-HS-3446287&lt;/ref&gt;

== Opera selecta ==
* 1997. [[Quintus Horatius Flaccus|Horatius]], ''Tolv dikter: En komplettering av kommentarerna hos Sjövall-Wistrand-Bendz''. Upsaliae: In Universitate Upsaliensi (editor et interpres).
* 1995. [[Gaius Sallustius Crispus|Sallust]], ''De coniuratione Catilinae: Latinsk text jämte svensk översättning och kommentar''. Upsaliae: In Universitate Upsaliensi (editor et interpres).
* 1995. [[Lucius Annaeus Seneca minor|Seneca]], ''Sex brev: Latinsk text jämte översättning och kommentar''. Upsaliae: In Universitate Upsaliensi (editor et interpres).
* 1995. [[Cornelius Tacitus|Tacitus]], ''Agricola: Latinsk text och svensk översättning samt lexikaliska och grammatiska notiser''. Upsaliae: In Universitate Upsaliensi (editor et interpres).
* 1987. ''Die Überlieferung der lateinischen Irenaeusübersetzung''. Upsaliae: Almqvist &amp; Wiksell.
* 1986. ''Zur Textkritik der Tusculanen''. Upsaliae: Almqvist &amp; Wiksell.
* 1983. ''Lexicon errorum interpretum Latinorum''. Upsaliae: Almqvist &amp; Wiksell.
* 1982. ''Ein textkritisches Problem in den Tusculanen''. Holmiae et Upsaliae: Almqvist &amp; Wiksell.
* 1973. ''Kommentar till Aeineidens sjätte bok''. Upsaliae: In Universitate Upsaliensi.
* 1970. ''Latinet och svenskan''. Upsaliae: In Universitate Upsaliensi.
* 1964. ''Vermeintliche Glosseme in der Tusculanen''. Upsaliae: Almqvist &amp; Wiksell.
* 1961. Abhinc ''und'' ante'': Studien zur Geschichte der lateinischen Zeitdifferenzbestimmungen''. Lundae: Kunliga humanistiska vetenskapssamfundet. 
* 1961. ''Att översätta till latin''. Holmiae, Gothoburgi, Upsaliae: Almqvist &amp; Wiksell. Iterum divulgatus 1972.
* 1958. ''Latinets ljud- och formhistoria''. Holmaie: Almqvist &amp; Wiksell.
* 1957. &quot;''Distraccio et scandalum'' dans les Annales Sigtunenses,&quot; ''Archivum Latinitatis Medii Aevi'' 27, no. 3, pp. 293-311.
* 1957. &quot;''Insertus'' statt ''insitus'',&quot; ''Archivum Latinitatis Medii Aevi'' 27, no. 2, pp. 231-34.
* 1955. ''Übersetzungstechnische Unterschungen auf dem Gebiete der christlichen Latinität''. Lundae: Gleerup.
* 1953. &quot;Sprachliche Bemerkungen zur ''Historia tripartita'' des Cassiodor,&quot; ''Archivum Latinitatis Medii Aevi'' 23, no. 1, pp. 19-34.
* 1951. &quot;De codice Helsingburgensi commentariorum de bello Gallico Caesaris,&quot; ''Scriptorium'' 5, no. 2, pp. 301-3.

==Notae==
&lt;references/&gt;

{{Anni vitae|1914|2007|Lundström, Svenus}}
[[Categoria:Academici Sueciae]]
[[Categoria:Professores linguae Latinae]]{{Nexus absunt}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Disputatio:Aldus Huxley</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>329790</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3998660</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T16:42:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Praenomen Aldus? */ nova pars</comment>
      <origin>3998660</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="269" sha1="rg75ujwpblfamfk9voddb8huj6ukku0" xml:space="preserve">== Praenomen Aldus? ==
Aldus est praenomen Ltinum bene notum (e.g. Aldus Manutius). Cur non Aldus Huxley? [[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 16:42, 2 Novembris 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>rg75ujwpblfamfk9voddb8huj6ukku0</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3998661</id>
      <parentid>3998660</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T16:43:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3998661</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="274" sha1="9n8nrkf0n9dxjd78eztq1l6x5kqjjai" xml:space="preserve">== Praenomen Aldus? ==
Aldus est praenomen Latinum bene notum (e.g. [[Aldus Manutius]]). Cur non Aldus Huxley? [[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 16:42, 2 Novembris 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>9n8nrkf0n9dxjd78eztq1l6x5kqjjai</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Oslobođeje</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329791</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3998663</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T16:51:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LilyKitty</username>
        <id>18316</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Paginam instituit, scribens '[[Fasciculus:Oslobođenje (2019-07-27).svg|thumb|[[logotypus]] ''Oslobođeje'']] [[Fasciculus:Sarajevo Tower.jpg|thumb|Turris aedeficium ''Oslobođenje'' quod destructum e bello a [[Ratko Mladić]]]] '''Oslobođenje''' est [[diarium]] [[Bosnia et Herzegovina|Bosniae et Herzegovinae]] in [[Seraium|Seraio]] die [[30 Augusti]] [[1943]] publicatum ad [[Nazismus|Nazismum]] pugnandum conditum est, quod anno [[1993]], [[Praemium Sacharovianum]] accepit, ratione pugnae...'</comment>
      <origin>3998663</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="841" sha1="jteiesiit8sqzxj16iqc75xwl7ts2o2" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Oslobođenje (2019-07-27).svg|thumb|[[logotypus]] ''Oslobođeje'']]
[[Fasciculus:Sarajevo Tower.jpg|thumb|Turris aedeficium ''Oslobođenje'' quod destructum e bello a [[Ratko Mladić]]]]
'''Oslobođenje''' est [[diarium]] [[Bosnia et Herzegovina|Bosniae et Herzegovinae]] in [[Seraium|Seraio]] die [[30 Augusti]] [[1943]] publicatum ad [[Nazismus|Nazismum]] pugnandum conditum est, quod anno [[1993]], [[Praemium Sacharovianum]] accepit, ratione pugnae integratinis patriae et protectione diversitatis [[ethnos|ethnus]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.europarl.europa.eu/sakharovprize/en/laureates/1988-2000 Sakharov Prize 1988-2000]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
*[https://www.oslobodjenje.ba Situs publicus] ([[Bosnice]])

[[Categoria:Condita 1943]]
[[Categoria:Bosnia et Herzegovina]]
[[Categoria:Historia Europae]]</text>
      <sha1>jteiesiit8sqzxj16iqc75xwl7ts2o2</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3998843</id>
      <parentid>3998663</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-03T11:55:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IacobusAmor</username>
        <id>1163</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>-3</comment>
      <origin>3998843</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="973" sha1="78ukgsiiwfinl8iokp0meavxxn2q461" xml:space="preserve">{{Latinitas|-3}}
[[Fasciculus:Oslobođenje (2019-07-27).svg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Logotypus]] ''Oslobođenje.'']]
[[Fasciculus:Sarajevo Tower.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Turris]] [[aedificium|aedificii]] ''Oslobođenje'' quod{{dubsig}} destructum e bello a [[Ratko Mladić]].{{dubsig}}]]
'''Oslobođenje''' est [[diarium]] [[Bosnia et Herzegovina|Bosniae et Herzegovinae]] in{{dubsig}} [[Seraium|Seraio]] die [[30 Augusti]] [[1943]] publicatum ad [[Nazismus|Nazismum]] pugnandum conditum est,{{dubsig}} quod anno [[1993]] [[Praemium Sacharovianum]] accepit, ratione pugnae integratinis{{dubsig}} patriae et protectione{{dubsig}} diversitatis [[ethnos|ethnus]]{{dubsig}}.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.europarl.europa.eu/sakharovprize/en/laureates/1988-2000 Sakharov Prize 1988-2000].&lt;/ref&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
*[https://www.oslobodjenje.ba Situs proprius] ([[Bosnice]])

[[Categoria:Bosnia et Herzegovina]]
[[Categoria:Condita 1943]]
[[Categoria:Historia Europae]]</text>
      <sha1>78ukgsiiwfinl8iokp0meavxxn2q461</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3998844</id>
      <parentid>3998843</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-03T11:56:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IacobusAmor</username>
        <id>1163</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>3998844</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="998" sha1="g3vpssviyppkq4sp9msh5vlnrd7u8gw" xml:space="preserve">{{Titulus italicus}}
{{Latinitas|-3}}
[[Fasciculus:Oslobođenje (2019-07-27).svg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Logotypus]] ''Oslobođenje.'']]
[[Fasciculus:Sarajevo Tower.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Turris]] [[aedificium|aedificii]] ''Oslobođenje'' quod{{dubsig}} destructum e bello a [[Ratko Mladić]].{{dubsig}}]]
'''''Oslobođenje''''' est [[diarium]] [[Bosnia et Herzegovina|Bosniae et Herzegovinae]] in{{dubsig}} [[Seraium|Seraio]] die [[30 Augusti]] [[1943]] publicatum ad [[Nazismus|Nazismum]] pugnandum conditum est,{{dubsig}} quod anno [[1993]] [[Praemium Sacharovianum]] accepit, ratione pugnae integratinis{{dubsig}} patriae et protectione{{dubsig}} diversitatis [[ethnos|ethnus]]{{dubsig}}.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.europarl.europa.eu/sakharovprize/en/laureates/1988-2000 Sakharov Prize 1988-2000].&lt;/ref&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
*[https://www.oslobodjenje.ba Situs proprius] ([[Bosnice]])

[[Categoria:Bosnia et Herzegovina]]
[[Categoria:Condita 1943]]
[[Categoria:Historia Europae]]</text>
      <sha1>g3vpssviyppkq4sp9msh5vlnrd7u8gw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dabermons</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329792</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3998676</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T17:45:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pippobuono</username>
        <id>54500</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>creatio e francica documentatione</comment>
      <origin>3998676</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1042" sha1="i19a45rclav4m41wo666rsdujpkao0r" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}}
[[Fasciculus:Derbamont, Église Saint-Pierre 2.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Dabermons: [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesiae]] [[Petrus|Sancto Petro]] dicatae turris campanaria.]]
{{res|Dabermons}}&lt;ref&gt;{{opus|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6561169q/f260.item.texteImage |auctor=Paulus Marichal|titulus=Dictionnaire topographique du département des Vosges : comprenant les noms de lieu anciens et modernes |domus editoria=Impr. nationale |locus=Paris|annus=1941|pagina=122}} {{Ling|Francogallice}}&lt;/ref&gt; (Francogallice ''Derbamont'') est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 100 incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegi]] in regione [[Magnus Oriens|Magno Oriente]]. 

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index communium praefecturae Vosegi]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Derbamont|Dabermontem}}
{{Fontes geographici}}

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{geo-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Vosegi]]
[[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Vosegi]]</text>
      <sha1>i19a45rclav4m41wo666rsdujpkao0r</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Curia Pompeia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329793</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3998678</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T17:49:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Paginam instituit, scribens ''''Curia Pompeia''' vel '''curia Pompei''' fuit curia a [[Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus|Gnaeo Pompeio Magno]] prope theatrum suum in [[Campus Martius|Campo Martio]] paulo post [[55 a.C.n.]] exstructa. Pars erat corporis architecturalis maioris: nam cum theatro per [[porticus]] et hortos coniuncta erat. Utile enim fuit Pompeio senatum extra [[Pomerium|pomoerium]] haberi posse tum cum [[proconsul]] Hispaniarum erat nec sacrum Urbis limitem intrare ei licebat. Praeterea...'</comment>
      <origin>3998678</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="912" sha1="lbxgdsq9p3nilgiw9oca02rk188qnw8" xml:space="preserve">'''Curia Pompeia''' vel '''curia Pompei''' fuit curia a [[Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus|Gnaeo Pompeio Magno]] prope theatrum suum in [[Campus Martius|Campo Martio]] paulo post [[55 a.C.n.]] exstructa. Pars erat corporis architecturalis maioris: nam cum theatro per [[porticus]] et hortos coniuncta erat. Utile enim fuit Pompeio senatum extra [[Pomerium|pomoerium]] haberi posse tum cum [[proconsul]] Hispaniarum erat nec sacrum Urbis limitem intrare ei licebat. Praeterea curiam anteriorem [[Curia Hostilia|Hostiliam]] aut Corneliam dictam incendit [[plebs]] [[Publius Clodius Pulcher|Clodio]] occiso irata.

In usu fuit inter 52 et 43 a.C.n.: ibi enim [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Caesar]] telis coniuratorum succubuit idibus Martii 44 a.C.n. ante statuam Magni Pompei&lt;ref&gt;[[Suetonius]], ''Divus Iulius'' 80. ''Divus Augustus'' 31.&lt;/ref&gt;. 


[[Categoria:Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus]]
[[Categoria:Monumenta Romae Antiquae]]</text>
      <sha1>lbxgdsq9p3nilgiw9oca02rk188qnw8</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3998679</id>
      <parentid>3998678</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T17:51:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3998679</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1079" sha1="3tgk27j1yzypoa44p3nw550u4isj8hi" xml:space="preserve">'''Curia Pompeia''' vel '''curia Pompei''' fuit curia a [[Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus|Gnaeo Pompeio Magno]] prope theatrum suum in [[Campus Martius|Campo Martio]] paulo post [[55 a.C.n.]] exstructa. Pars erat corporis architecturalis maioris: nam cum theatro per [[porticus]] et hortos coniuncta erat. Utile enim fuit Pompeio senatum extra [[Pomerium|pomoerium]] haberi posse tum cum [[proconsul]] Hispaniarum erat nec sacrum Urbis limitem intrare ei licebat. Praeterea curiam anteriorem [[Curia Hostilia|Hostiliam]] aut Corneliam dictam incendit [[plebs]] [[Publius Clodius Pulcher|Clodio]] occiso irata.

In usu fuit inter 52 et 43 a.C.n.: ibi enim [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Caesar]] telis coniuratorum succubuit idibus Martii 44 a.C.n. ante statuam Magni Pompei&lt;ref&gt;[[Suetonius]], ''Divus Iulius'' 80. ''Divus Augustus'' 31.&lt;/ref&gt;. 

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habet quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Curia_Pompeia curiam Pompeiam] spectant


[[Categoria:Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus]]
[[Categoria:Monumenta Romae Antiquae]]</text>
      <sha1>3tgk27j1yzypoa44p3nw550u4isj8hi</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3998680</id>
      <parentid>3998679</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T17:52:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Nexus externi */</comment>
      <origin>3998680</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1106" sha1="1vgbfq08d2xg7ld46j19e93ofu7m3ih" xml:space="preserve">'''Curia Pompeia''' vel '''curia Pompei''' fuit curia a [[Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus|Gnaeo Pompeio Magno]] prope theatrum suum in [[Campus Martius|Campo Martio]] paulo post [[55 a.C.n.]] exstructa. Pars erat corporis architecturalis maioris: nam cum theatro per [[porticus]] et hortos coniuncta erat. Utile enim fuit Pompeio senatum extra [[Pomerium|pomoerium]] haberi posse tum cum [[proconsul]] Hispaniarum erat nec sacrum Urbis limitem intrare ei licebat. Praeterea curiam anteriorem [[Curia Hostilia|Hostiliam]] aut Corneliam dictam incendit [[plebs]] [[Publius Clodius Pulcher|Clodio]] occiso irata.

In usu fuit inter 52 et 43 a.C.n.: ibi enim [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Caesar]] telis coniuratorum succubuit idibus Martii 44 a.C.n. ante statuam Magni Pompei&lt;ref&gt;[[Suetonius]], ''Divus Iulius'' 80. ''Divus Augustus'' 31.&lt;/ref&gt;. 

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habet quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Curia_Pompeia curiam Pompeiam] spectant


[[Categoria:Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus]]
[[Categoria:Monumenta Romae Antiquae]]</text>
      <sha1>1vgbfq08d2xg7ld46j19e93ofu7m3ih</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3998681</id>
      <parentid>3998680</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T17:53:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3998681</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1157" sha1="3hb89hkmuddhkxsoz3uup10dtxdql2n" xml:space="preserve">'''Curia Pompeia''' vel '''curia Pompei''' fuit curia a [[Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus|Gnaeo Pompeio Magno]] prope theatrum suum in [[Campus Martius|Campo Martio]] paulo post [[55 a.C.n.]] exstructa. Pars erat corporis architecturalis maioris: nam cum theatro per [[porticus]] et hortos coniuncta erat. Utile enim fuit Pompeio senatum extra [[Pomerium|pomoerium]] haberi posse tum cum [[proconsul]] Hispaniarum erat nec sacrum Urbis limitem intrare ei licebat. Praeterea curiam anteriorem [[Curia Hostilia|Hostiliam]] aut Corneliam dictam incendit [[plebs]] [[Publius Clodius Pulcher|Clodio]] occiso irata.

In usu fuit inter 52 et 43 a.C.n.: ibi enim [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Caesar]] telis coniuratorum succubuit idibus Martii 44 a.C.n. ante statuam Magni Pompei&lt;ref&gt;[[Suetonius]], ''Divus Iulius'' 80. ''Divus Augustus'' 31.&lt;/ref&gt;. Ob caedem patris [[Octavianus]] eam obstrui iussit.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habet quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Curia_Pompeia curiam Pompeiam] spectant


[[Categoria:Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus]]
[[Categoria:Monumenta Romae Antiquae]]</text>
      <sha1>3hb89hkmuddhkxsoz3uup10dtxdql2n</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3998682</id>
      <parentid>3998681</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T17:54:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3998682</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1179" sha1="gfov80mcryiwe12vj6zbrs831geymra" xml:space="preserve">'''Curia Pompeia''' vel '''curia Pompei''' fuit curia a [[Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus|Gnaeo Pompeio Magno]] prope [[theatrum Pompeium|theatrum suum]] in [[Campus Martius|Campo Martio]] paulo post [[55 a.C.n.]] exstructa. Pars erat corporis architecturalis maioris: nam cum theatro per [[porticus]] et hortos coniuncta erat. Utile enim fuit Pompeio senatum extra [[Pomerium|pomoerium]] haberi posse tum cum [[proconsul]] Hispaniarum erat nec sacrum Urbis limitem intrare ei licebat. Praeterea curiam anteriorem [[Curia Hostilia|Hostiliam]] aut Corneliam dictam incendit [[plebs]] [[Publius Clodius Pulcher|Clodio]] occiso irata.

In usu fuit inter 52 et 43 a.C.n.: ibi enim [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Caesar]] telis coniuratorum succubuit idibus Martii 44 a.C.n. ante statuam Magni Pompei&lt;ref&gt;[[Suetonius]], ''Divus Iulius'' 80. ''Divus Augustus'' 31.&lt;/ref&gt;. Ob caedem patris [[Octavianus]] eam obstrui iussit.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habet quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Curia_Pompeia curiam Pompeiam] spectant


[[Categoria:Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus]]
[[Categoria:Monumenta Romae Antiquae]]</text>
      <sha1>gfov80mcryiwe12vj6zbrs831geymra</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3998683</id>
      <parentid>3998682</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T17:55:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Nexus externi */</comment>
      <origin>3998683</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1180" sha1="cpp96acmzey6jg6kg12glzgws8cp6g0" xml:space="preserve">'''Curia Pompeia''' vel '''curia Pompei''' fuit curia a [[Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus|Gnaeo Pompeio Magno]] prope [[theatrum Pompeium|theatrum suum]] in [[Campus Martius|Campo Martio]] paulo post [[55 a.C.n.]] exstructa. Pars erat corporis architecturalis maioris: nam cum theatro per [[porticus]] et hortos coniuncta erat. Utile enim fuit Pompeio senatum extra [[Pomerium|pomoerium]] haberi posse tum cum [[proconsul]] Hispaniarum erat nec sacrum Urbis limitem intrare ei licebat. Praeterea curiam anteriorem [[Curia Hostilia|Hostiliam]] aut Corneliam dictam incendit [[plebs]] [[Publius Clodius Pulcher|Clodio]] occiso irata.

In usu fuit inter 52 et 43 a.C.n.: ibi enim [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Caesar]] telis coniuratorum succubuit idibus Martii 44 a.C.n. ante statuam Magni Pompei&lt;ref&gt;[[Suetonius]], ''Divus Iulius'' 80. ''Divus Augustus'' 31.&lt;/ref&gt;. Ob caedem patris [[Octavianus]] eam obstrui iussit.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Curia_Pompeia curiam Pompeiam] spectant


[[Categoria:Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus]]
[[Categoria:Monumenta Romae Antiquae]]</text>
      <sha1>cpp96acmzey6jg6kg12glzgws8cp6g0</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3998684</id>
      <parentid>3998683</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T17:55:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3998684</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1252" sha1="gsojqvancaibeldaq5nkjjsxhkos38v" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Curia Pompey.jpg|thumb|Curia Pompei computatro restituta]]
'''Curia Pompeia''' vel '''curia Pompei''' fuit curia a [[Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus|Gnaeo Pompeio Magno]] prope [[theatrum Pompeium|theatrum suum]] in [[Campus Martius|Campo Martio]] paulo post [[55 a.C.n.]] exstructa. Pars erat corporis architecturalis maioris: nam cum theatro per [[porticus]] et hortos coniuncta erat. Utile enim fuit Pompeio senatum extra [[Pomerium|pomoerium]] haberi posse tum cum [[proconsul]] Hispaniarum erat nec sacrum Urbis limitem intrare ei licebat. Praeterea curiam anteriorem [[Curia Hostilia|Hostiliam]] aut Corneliam dictam incendit [[plebs]] [[Publius Clodius Pulcher|Clodio]] occiso irata.

In usu fuit inter 52 et 43 a.C.n.: ibi enim [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Caesar]] telis coniuratorum succubuit idibus Martii 44 a.C.n. ante statuam Magni Pompei&lt;ref&gt;[[Suetonius]], ''Divus Iulius'' 80. ''Divus Augustus'' 31.&lt;/ref&gt;. Ob caedem patris [[Octavianus]] eam obstrui iussit.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Curia_Pompeia curiam Pompeiam] spectant


[[Categoria:Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus]]
[[Categoria:Monumenta Romae Antiquae]]</text>
      <sha1>gsojqvancaibeldaq5nkjjsxhkos38v</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3998685</id>
      <parentid>3998684</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T18:01:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
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      <text bytes="1440" sha1="i8oz3mdu8h4jo0npef3jgaribptn2rb" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Curia Pompey.jpg|thumb|Curia Pompei computatro restituta]]
'''Curia Pompeia''' vel '''curia Pompei''' fuit curia a [[Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus|Gnaeo Pompeio Magno]] prope [[theatrum Pompeium|theatrum suum]] in [[Campus Martius|Campo Martio]] paulo post [[55 a.C.n.]] exstructa. Pars erat corporis architecturalis maioris: nam cum theatro per [[porticus]] et hortos coniuncta erat. Utile enim fuit Pompeio senatum extra [[Pomerium|pomoerium]] haberi posse tum cum [[proconsul]] Hispaniarum erat nec sacrum Urbis limitem intrare ei licebat. Praeterea curiam anteriorem [[Curia Hostilia|Hostiliam]] aut Corneliam dictam incendit [[plebs]] [[Publius Clodius Pulcher|Clodio]] occiso irata.

In usu fuit inter 52 et 43 a.C.n.: ibi enim [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Caesar]] telis coniuratorum succubuit idibus Martii 44 a.C.n. ante statuam Magni Pompei&lt;ref&gt;[[Suetonius]], ''Divus Iulius'' 80. ''Divus Augustus'' 31.&lt;/ref&gt;. Ob caedem patris [[Octavianus]] eam obstrui iussit&lt;ref&gt;[[Cassius Dio]] 47.19.&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Curia_Pompeia curiam Pompeiam] spectant
* [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/PLATOP*/Curia_Pompei.html Topographical dictionary of Rome]


[[Categoria:Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus]]
[[Categoria:Monumenta Romae Antiquae]]</text>
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        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
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'''Curia Pompeia''' vel '''curia Pompei''' fuit curia a [[Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus|Gnaeo Pompeio Magno]] prope [[theatrum Pompeium|theatrum suum]] in [[Campus Martius|Campo Martio]] paulo post [[55 a.C.n.]] exstructa. Pars erat corporis architecturalis maioris: nam cum theatro per [[porticus]] et hortos coniuncta erat. Utile enim fuit Pompeio senatum extra [[Pomerium|pomoerium]] haberi posse tum cum [[proconsul]] Hispaniarum erat nec sacrum Urbis limitem intrare ei licebat. Praeterea curiam anteriorem [[Curia Hostilia|Hostiliam]] aut Corneliam dictam incendit [[plebs]] [[Publius Clodius Pulcher|Clodio]] occiso irata.

In usu fuit inter 52 et 43 a.C.n.: ibi enim [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Caesar]] telis coniuratorum succubuit idibus Martii 44 a.C.n. ante statuam Magni Pompei&lt;ref&gt;[[Suetonius]], ''Divus Iulius'' 80. ''Divus Augustus'' 31.&lt;/ref&gt;. Ob caedem patris [[Octavianus]] eam obstrui iussit&lt;ref&gt;[[Cassius Dio]] 47.19.&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Curia_Pompeia curiam Pompeiam] spectant
* [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/PLATOP*/Curia_Pompei.html Topographical dictionary of Ancient Rome]


[[Categoria:Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus]]
[[Categoria:Monumenta Romae Antiquae]]</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-11-02T18:07:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
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      <text bytes="1686" sha1="1uy4ojwl7am9zbcvevutsqo61zoc59v" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Curia Pompey.jpg|thumb|Curia Pompei computatro restituta]]
'''Curia Pompeia''' vel '''curia Pompei''' fuit curia a [[Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus|Gnaeo Pompeio Magno]] prope [[theatrum Pompeium|theatrum suum]] in [[Campus Martius|Campo Martio]] paulo post [[55 a.C.n.]] exstructa. Pars erat corporis architecturalis maioris: nam cum theatro per [[porticus]] et hortos coniuncta erat. Utile enim fuit Pompeio senatum extra [[Pomerium|pomoerium]] haberi posse tum cum [[proconsul]] Hispaniarum erat nec sacrum Urbis limitem intrare ei licebat. Praeterea curiam anteriorem [[Curia Hostilia|Hostiliam]] aut Corneliam dictam incendit [[plebs]] [[Publius Clodius Pulcher|Clodio]] occiso irata.

In usu fuit inter 52 et 43 a.C.n.: ibi enim [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Caesar]] telis coniuratorum succubuit idibus Martii 44 a.C.n. ante statuam Magni Pompei&lt;ref&gt;[[Suetonius]], ''Divus Iulius'' 80. ''Divus Augustus'' 31.&lt;/ref&gt;. Ob caedem patris [[Octavianus]] eam obstrui iussit&lt;ref&gt;[[Cassius Dio]] 47.19.&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Plura legere si cupis ==
* P. Bigot,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/mefr_0223-4874_1908_num_28_1_6979 L'identification d'un fragment du plan de marbre et la curie de Pompée]&quot;, ''Mélanges de l'école française de Rome'', 1908: 225-228

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Curia_Pompeia curiam Pompeiam] spectant
* [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/PLATOP*/Curia_Pompei.html Topographical dictionary of Ancient Rome]


[[Categoria:Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus]]
[[Categoria:Monumenta Romae Antiquae]]</text>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-11-02T18:13:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
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      <comment>/* Plura legere si cupis */</comment>
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      <text bytes="1837" sha1="25q272n1jf6flaw4rwxxg3hte9ogsqe" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Curia Pompey.jpg|thumb|Curia Pompei computatro restituta]]
'''Curia Pompeia''' vel '''curia Pompei''' fuit curia a [[Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus|Gnaeo Pompeio Magno]] prope [[theatrum Pompeium|theatrum suum]] in [[Campus Martius|Campo Martio]] paulo post [[55 a.C.n.]] exstructa. Pars erat corporis architecturalis maioris: nam cum theatro per [[porticus]] et hortos coniuncta erat. Utile enim fuit Pompeio senatum extra [[Pomerium|pomoerium]] haberi posse tum cum [[proconsul]] Hispaniarum erat nec sacrum Urbis limitem intrare ei licebat. Praeterea curiam anteriorem [[Curia Hostilia|Hostiliam]] aut Corneliam dictam incendit [[plebs]] [[Publius Clodius Pulcher|Clodio]] occiso irata.

In usu fuit inter 52 et 43 a.C.n.: ibi enim [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Caesar]] telis coniuratorum succubuit idibus Martii 44 a.C.n. ante statuam Magni Pompei&lt;ref&gt;[[Suetonius]], ''Divus Iulius'' 80. ''Divus Augustus'' 31.&lt;/ref&gt;. Ob caedem patris [[Octavianus]] eam obstrui iussit&lt;ref&gt;[[Cassius Dio]] 47.19.&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Plura legere si cupis ==
* P. Bigot,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/mefr_0223-4874_1908_num_28_1_6979 L'identification d'un fragment du plan de marbre et la curie de Pompée]&quot;, ''Mélanges de l'école française de Rome'', 1908: 225-228
*George Graham Mason, &quot;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3297956 Senacula and Meeting Places of the Roman Senate]&quot;, ''The Classical Journal'', 1987: 39-50

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Curia_Pompeia curiam Pompeiam] spectant
* [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/PLATOP*/Curia_Pompei.html Topographical dictionary of Ancient Rome]


[[Categoria:Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus]]
[[Categoria:Monumenta Romae Antiquae]]</text>
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        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
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      <text bytes="2082" sha1="77d2r4643lns23lpty0jli39oi1vqil" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Curia Pompey.jpg|thumb|Curia Pompei computatro restituta]]
'''Curia Pompeia''' vel '''curia Pompei''' fuit curia a [[Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus|Gnaeo Pompeio Magno]] prope [[theatrum Pompeium|theatrum suum]] in [[Campus Martius|Campo Martio]] paulo post [[55 a.C.n.]] exstructa. Pars erat corporis architecturalis maioris: nam cum theatro per [[porticus]] et hortos coniuncta erat. Utile enim fuit Pompeio senatum extra [[Pomerium|pomoerium]] haberi posse tum cum [[proconsul]] Hispaniarum erat nec sacrum Urbis limitem intrare ei licebat. Praeterea curiam anteriorem [[Curia Hostilia|Hostiliam]] aut Corneliam dictam incendit [[plebs]] [[Publius Clodius Pulcher|Clodio]] occiso irata.

In usu fuit inter 52 et 43 a.C.n.: ibi enim [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Caesar]] telis coniuratorum succubuit idibus Martii 44 a.C.n. ante statuam Magni Pompei&lt;ref&gt;[[Suetonius]], ''Divus Iulius'' 80. ''Divus Augustus'' 31.&lt;/ref&gt;. Ob caedem patris [[Octavianus]] eam obstrui iussit&lt;ref&gt;[[Cassius Dio]] 47.19.&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Jon Albers, ''Campus Martius. Die urbane Entwicklung des Marsfeldes von der Republik bis zur mittleren Kaiserzeit'', Reichert, Wiesbaden 2013 [https://ahnp.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/journals/jfk/article/download/43915/37405/141378 Recensio critica]
* P. Bigot,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/mefr_0223-4874_1908_num_28_1_6979 L'identification d'un fragment du plan de marbre et la curie de Pompée]&quot;, ''Mélanges de l'école française de Rome'', 1908: 225-228
*George Graham Mason, &quot;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3297956 Senacula and Meeting Places of the Roman Senate]&quot;, ''The Classical Journal'', 1987: 39-50

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Curia_Pompeia curiam Pompeiam] spectant
* [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/PLATOP*/Curia_Pompei.html Topographical dictionary of Ancient Rome]


[[Categoria:Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus]]
[[Categoria:Monumenta Romae Antiquae]]</text>
      <sha1>77d2r4643lns23lpty0jli39oi1vqil</sha1>
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[[Fasciculus:Curia Pompeia te Rome Magni Pompei Curia ad Theatrum eiusdem (titel op object) Antieke monumenten (serietitel) Antiquae Urbis Splendor (serietitel) Magesyn der Italiaense gebouwen (serietitel), RP-P-1957-653-71-3.jpg|thumb|Curia Pompeia ineunte septimo decimo saeculo excogitata]]
'''Curia Pompeia''' vel '''curia Pompei''' fuit curia a [[Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus|Gnaeo Pompeio Magno]] prope [[theatrum Pompeium|theatrum suum]] in [[Campus Martius|Campo Martio]] paulo post [[55 a.C.n.]] exstructa. Pars erat corporis architecturalis maioris: nam cum theatro per [[porticus]] et hortos coniuncta erat. Utile enim fuit Pompeio senatum extra [[Pomerium|pomoerium]] haberi posse tum cum [[proconsul]] Hispaniarum erat nec sacrum Urbis limitem intrare ei licebat. Praeterea curiam anteriorem [[Curia Hostilia|Hostiliam]] aut Corneliam dictam incendit [[plebs]] [[Publius Clodius Pulcher|Clodio]] occiso irata.

In usu fuit inter 52 et 43 a.C.n.: ibi enim [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Caesar]] telis coniuratorum succubuit idibus Martii 44 a.C.n. ante statuam Magni Pompei&lt;ref&gt;[[Suetonius]], ''Divus Iulius'' 80. ''Divus Augustus'' 31.&lt;/ref&gt;. Ob caedem patris [[Octavianus]] eam obstrui iussit&lt;ref&gt;[[Cassius Dio]] 47.19.&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Jon Albers, ''Campus Martius. Die urbane Entwicklung des Marsfeldes von der Republik bis zur mittleren Kaiserzeit'', Reichert, Wiesbaden 2013 [https://ahnp.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/journals/jfk/article/download/43915/37405/141378 Recensio critica]
* P. Bigot,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/mefr_0223-4874_1908_num_28_1_6979 L'identification d'un fragment du plan de marbre et la curie de Pompée]&quot;, ''Mélanges de l'école française de Rome'', 1908: 225-228
*George Graham Mason, &quot;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3297956 Senacula and Meeting Places of the Roman Senate]&quot;, ''The Classical Journal'', 1987: 39-50

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Curia_Pompeia curiam Pompeiam] spectant
* [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/PLATOP*/Curia_Pompei.html Topographical dictionary of Ancient Rome]


[[Categoria:Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus]]
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      <text bytes="2446" sha1="ek895vivb49y79u64bqr41dfgcd8yua" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Curia Pompey.jpg|thumb|Curia Pompei computatro restituta]]
[[Fasciculus:Curia Pompeia te Rome Magni Pompei Curia ad Theatrum eiusdem (titel op object) Antieke monumenten (serietitel) Antiquae Urbis Splendor (serietitel) Magesyn der Italiaense gebouwen (serietitel), RP-P-1957-653-71-3.jpg|thumb|Curia Pompeia ineunte septimo decimo saeculo excogitata]]
'''Curia Pompeia''' vel '''curia Pompei''' fuit curia a [[Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus|Gnaeo Pompeio Magno]] prope [[theatrum Pompeium|theatrum suum]] in [[Campus Martius|Campo Martio]] paulo post [[55 a.C.n.]] exstructa. Pars erat corporis [[Architectura|architecturalis]] maioris: nam cum theatro per [[porticus]] et hortos coniuncta erat. Utile enim fuit Pompeio senatum extra [[Pomerium|pomoerium]] haberi posse tum cum [[proconsul]] Hispaniarum ad portas Urbis manebat nec sacrum Urbis limitem intrare nisi imperio deposito ei licebat. Praeterea curiam anteriorem [[Curia Hostilia|Hostiliam]] aut Corneliam dictam incendit [[plebs]] [[Publius Clodius Pulcher|Clodio]] occiso irata (52 a.C.n.).

In usu fuit inter 52 et 43 a.C.n.: ibi enim [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Caesar]] telis coniuratorum succubuit idibus Martii 44 a.C.n. ante statuam Magni Pompei&lt;ref&gt;[[Suetonius]], ''Divus Iulius'' 80. ''Divus Augustus'' 31.&lt;/ref&gt;. Ob caedem patris [[Octavianus]] eam obstrui iussit&lt;ref&gt;[[Cassius Dio]] 47.19.&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Jon Albers, ''Campus Martius. Die urbane Entwicklung des Marsfeldes von der Republik bis zur mittleren Kaiserzeit'', Reichert, Wiesbaden 2013 [https://ahnp.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/journals/jfk/article/download/43915/37405/141378 Recensio critica]
* P. Bigot,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/mefr_0223-4874_1908_num_28_1_6979 L'identification d'un fragment du plan de marbre et la curie de Pompée]&quot;, ''Mélanges de l'école française de Rome'', 1908: 225-228
*George Graham Mason, &quot;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3297956 Senacula and Meeting Places of the Roman Senate]&quot;, ''The Classical Journal'', 1987: 39-50

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Curia_Pompeia curiam Pompeiam] spectant
* [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/PLATOP*/Curia_Pompei.html Topographical dictionary of Ancient Rome]


[[Categoria:Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus]]
[[Categoria:Monumenta Romae Antiquae]]</text>
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      <text bytes="2480" sha1="54ptjm7kziby317or6py5i0yvjex1wk" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Curia Pompey.jpg|thumb|Curia Pompei computatro restituta]]
[[Fasciculus:Curia Pompeia te Rome Magni Pompei Curia ad Theatrum eiusdem (titel op object) Antieke monumenten (serietitel) Antiquae Urbis Splendor (serietitel) Magesyn der Italiaense gebouwen (serietitel), RP-P-1957-653-71-3.jpg|thumb|Curia Pompeia ineunte septimo decimo saeculo excogitata]]
'''Curia Pompeia''' vel '''curia Pompei''' fuit curia a [[Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus|Gnaeo Pompeio Magno]] prope [[theatrum Pompeium|theatrum suum]] in [[Campus Martius|Campo Martio]] paulo post [[55 a.C.n.]] exstructa. Pars erat corporis [[Architectura|architecturalis]] maioris: nam cum theatro per [[porticus]]&lt;ref&gt;[[Plinius Maior]] 35.59&lt;/ref&gt; et hortos coniuncta erat. Utile enim fuit Pompeio senatum extra [[Pomerium|pomoerium]] haberi posse tum cum [[proconsul]] Hispaniarum ad portas Urbis manebat nec sacrum Urbis limitem intrare nisi imperio deposito ei licebat. Praeterea curiam anteriorem [[Curia Hostilia|Hostiliam]] aut Corneliam dictam incendit [[plebs]] [[Publius Clodius Pulcher|Clodio]] occiso irata (52 a.C.n.).

In usu fuit inter 52 et 43 a.C.n.: ibi enim [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Caesar]] telis coniuratorum succubuit idibus Martii 44 a.C.n. ante statuam Magni Pompei&lt;ref&gt;[[Suetonius]], ''Divus Iulius'' 80. ''Divus Augustus'' 31.&lt;/ref&gt;. Ob caedem patris [[Octavianus]] eam obstrui iussit&lt;ref&gt;[[Cassius Dio]] 47.19.&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Plura legere si cupis ==
*Jon Albers, ''Campus Martius. Die urbane Entwicklung des Marsfeldes von der Republik bis zur mittleren Kaiserzeit'', Reichert, Wiesbaden 2013 [https://ahnp.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/journals/jfk/article/download/43915/37405/141378 Recensio critica]
* P. Bigot,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/mefr_0223-4874_1908_num_28_1_6979 L'identification d'un fragment du plan de marbre et la curie de Pompée]&quot;, ''Mélanges de l'école française de Rome'', 1908: 225-228
*George Graham Mason, &quot;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3297956 Senacula and Meeting Places of the Roman Senate]&quot;, ''The Classical Journal'', 1987: 39-50

== Nexus externi ==
*[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Curia_Pompeia curiam Pompeiam] spectant
* [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/PLATOP*/Curia_Pompei.html Topographical dictionary of Ancient Rome]


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        <id>18316</id>
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      <comment>Paginam instituit, scribens '[[Fasciculus:Salima Ghezali par Claude Truong-Ngoc novembre 2013.jpg|thumb|Salima Ghezali apud [[Parlamentum Europaeum]] anno 2013]] '''Salima Ghezali''' (nata anno [[1958]]) est [[diurnariorum ars|diurnaria]], [[scriptor|scriptrix]], [[iurum humanorum defensor|defensorix iurum humanorum]] [[Algerium|Algerica]] qui ad [[iura mulierium]] et [[democratia]]m in [[Algerium|Algerio]] promovendum conata et [[libertas exprimendi|libertatem exprimendi]] dum bellum ci...'</comment>
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'''Salima Ghezali''' (nata anno [[1958]]) est [[diurnariorum ars|diurnaria]], [[scriptor|scriptrix]], [[iurum humanorum defensor|defensorix iurum humanorum]] [[Algerium|Algerica]] qui ad [[iura mulierium]] et [[democratia]]m in [[Algerium|Algerio]] promovendum conata et [[libertas exprimendi|libertatem exprimendi]] dum [[bellum civile]] Algerii defensit et solutionem pacificam postulavit. Ab anno [[2017]] ad annum [[2019]], legatus factionis Aciei Potentiarum Socialisticae erat.

Anno [[1997]], [[Praemium Sacharovianum]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.europarl.europa.eu/sakharovprize/en/laureates/1988-2000 Sakharov Prize 1988-2000]&lt;/ref&gt; et [[Praemium Olavi Palme]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://palmefonden.se/en/prisetagare_en/1997-salima-ghezali-2/ Salima Ghazali]&lt;/ref&gt; accepit.

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Salima Ghezali|Salima Ghezali}}

[[Categoria:Mulieres]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Algerii]]
[[Categoria:Pacis fautores]]
[[Categoria:Nati 1958]]</text>
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[[Fasciculus:Salima Ghezali par Claude Truong-Ngoc novembre 2013.jpg|thumb|Salima Ghezali apud [[Parlamentum Europaeum]] anno [[2013]].]]
'''Salima Ghezali''' (nata anno [[1958]]) est [[diurnariorum ars|diurnaria]], [[scriptor|scriptrix]], [[iurum humanorum defensor|defensorix iurum humanorum]] [[Algerium|Algerica]], quae ad [[iura mulierium]] et [[democratia]]m in [[Algerium|Algerio]] promovendam conatur,{{dubsig}} et [[libertas exprimendi|libertatem exprimendi]] dum [[bellum civile]] Algerii defensit{{dubsig}} et solutionem{{dubsig}} [[pax|pacificam]] postulavit. Ab anno [[2017]] ad annum [[2019]], legatus factionis [[Acies Potentiarum Socialistica|Aciei Potentiarum Socialisticae]] fuit.

Anno [[1997]], [[Praemium Sacharovianum]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.europarl.europa.eu/sakharovprize/en/laureates/1988-2000 Sakharov Prize 1988-2000].&lt;/ref&gt; et [[Praemium Olavi Palme]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://palmefonden.se/en/prisetagare_en/1997-salima-ghezali-2/ Salima Ghazali].&lt;/ref&gt; accepit.

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Salima Ghezali|Salimam Ghezali}}

{{Anni vitae|1958||Ghezali, Salima}}
[[Categoria:Pacis fautores]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Algerii]]
[</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Guarinus Ianziti</title>
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      <comment>Pagina institui</comment>
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      <text bytes="9199" sha1="f03koioqd464cj45xi1fzmtalh76zd9" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa Vicidatorum}}

Guarinus Ianziti (Anglice ''Gary Ianziti'', natus [[25 Februarii]] [[1947]] Napae in [[California|Californiae]]) doctor [[Historiographia|historiographiae]], qui expertus in [[Italia]] [[Saeculum 14|saeculo quarto decimo]] est.&lt;ref&gt;Christian Thorsten Callisen et John Gagné, &quot;Introduction,&quot; in Callisen editor, ''Reading and Writing History from Bruni to Windschuttle: Essays in Honour of Gary Ianziti'' (Farnham et Burlington: Ashgate, 2014 [Abindoniae et Novi Eboraci: Routledge, 2024]), pp. 1-16.&lt;/ref&gt; Maritus [[Ioanna Rolin Ianziti|Ioannae Rolin Ianziti]] (Anglice vel Francogallice ''Jeanne Rolin-Ianziti'') expertae linguisticae, qua cum fautor [[Opera Lutetiensis|Operae Lutetiensis]] est.&lt;ref&gt;L'Arop Opera de Paris, &quot;Mécènes et Grands Donateurs,&quot; https://arop.operadeparis.fr/les-mecenes-et-grands-donateurs&lt;/ref&gt; Cum in [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatibus Foederatae Americae]] natus esset, nunc inprimis in [[Australia]] habitat.

Guarinus alumnus in [[Universitate Franciscopolinensis|Universitate Franciscopolinensi]], deinde in [[Universitas Carolinae Septentrionalis in Monte Capellae|Universitate Carolinae Septentrionalis in Monte Capellae]], ubi anno [[1977]] doctor factus est. Ab [[1979]] lector linguae Italianae in Universitate Wollongong erat et anno [[1987]] iterum doctor factus est, iam in [[Scholae Normalis Superior Pisarum|Scholae Normali Superiore Pisarum]]. Annos tres in [[Universitas Tergestina|Universitate Tergestina]] laboravit, deinde ad Universitatem Wollongong reventus, deinde anno [[1994]] ad [[Brisbane]] et Universitatem Technologiae Terrae Reginae (Anglice ''Queensland University of Technology'') migravit. [[Ordo professorum|Ordine professorum]] [[Artes humaniores|artium humaniorum]] clauso anno [[2010]] sodalis exquirens honorandus in Universitate Terrae Reginae (Anglice ''University of Queensland'') factus est.

Guarinus anno [[2014]] libro honoris, quem Christianus Torstanus Calixtus edidit, honoratus est.&lt;ref&gt;Christian Thorsten Callisen editor, ''Reading and Writing History from Bruni to Windschuttle: Essays in Honour of Gary Ianziti'' (Farnham et Burlington: Ashgate, 2014 [Abindoniae et Novi Eboraci: Routledge, 2024]).&lt;/ref&gt; Etiam Patrick Baker anno [[2017]] librum ad Guarinum misit.&lt;ref&gt;Patrick Baker editor, ''Biography, Historiography, and Modes of Philosophizing: The Tradition of Collective Biography in Early Modern Europe''. Lugduni Batavorum et Bostoniae: Brill.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Opera selecta ==

=== Libri ===

* 2019. [[Pier Candido Decembrio]], ''Lives of the Milanese Tyrants'', Massimo Zaggia editor. Cantabrigiae Massachusettensii: Harvard University Press (interpres).
* 2012. ''Writing History in Renaissance Italy: Leonardo Bruni and the Uses of the Past''. Cantabrigiae Massachusettensii: Harvard University Press.
* 2010. ''Europe and the Media: Building a New Kind of Europe''. Saravipontis: VDM (cum Lee Duffield editor).
* 1997. ''Bosnia-Herzegovina in the Yugoslav Aftermath: Essays on the Causes and Consequences of the Balkan Conflicts''. Brisbane: In Universitate Technologiae Terrae Reginae (cum Muris Cicic editor).
* 1988. ''Humanistic Historiography under the Sforzas: Politics and Propaganda in Fifteenth Century Milan''. Oxoniae: The Clarendon Press.

=== Alii ===

* 2023. &quot;Niccolò Machiavelli (1469-1527),&quot; in Marnie Hughes-Warrington et Daniel Woolf editores, ''History from Loss: A Global Introduction to Histories Written from Defeat, Colonization, Exile, and Imprisonment'', pp. 49-55. Londonii: Routledge.
* 2022. &quot;The Life of the Last Visconti: A Study in Tyranny?&quot; ''Renaissance Quarterly'' 75, pp. 753-95.
* 2018. &quot;Filelfo and the Writing of History&quot;, in Jeroen De Keyser editor, ''Francesco Filelfo, Man of Letters'', pp. 97-126. Lugduni Batavorum et Bostoniae: Brill.
* 2016. &quot;Leonardo Bruni and the Rise of Official Historiography in Renaissance Florence,&quot; in Peter Howard et Cecilia Hewlett editores, ''Studies on Florence and the Italian Renaissance in Honour of F. W. Kent'', pp. 431-448. Turnholti: Brepols.
* 2016. &quot;Pier Candido Decembrio and the Suetonian Path to Princely Biography,&quot; in Patrick Baker, Ronny Kaiser, Maike Priesterjahn, Johannes Helmrath editores, ''Portraying the Prince in the Renaissance: The Humanist Depiction of Rulers in Historiographical and Biographical Texts'', pp. 237-70. Berolini: De Gruyter.
* 2015. &quot;Remarques historiographiques sur Leonardo Bruni historien,&quot; in Lorenzo Tanzini editor, ''Il laboratorio del Rinascimento: Studi di storia e cultura per Riccardo Fubini'', pp. 277-91. Florentiae: Casa Editrice Le Lettere.
* 2008. &quot;Fahrenheit 420: Burning the Humanities at QUT,&quot; ''Journal for the Public University'' 5, pp. 44–48.
* 2008. “Leonardo Bruni, the Medici, and the Florentine Histories,” ''Journal of the History of Ideas'' 69, pp. 1-22.
* 2007. &quot;Challenging Chronicles: Leonardo Bruni's History of the Florentine People,&quot; in Sharon Dale, Alison Williams Lewin, Duane J. Osheim editores, ''Chronicling History: Chroniclers and Historians in Medieval and Renaissance Italy'', pp. 249-72. University Park in Philadelphia: Pennsylvania University Press.
* 2007. “Poggio, Bruni, e le storie fiorentine,” ''Humanistica'' 2, pp. 13-26.
* 2006-07. “Between Livy and Polybius: Leonardo Bruni on the First Punic War,” ''Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome'' 51-52, pp. 173-97.
* 2005. “Historiography and its Discontents: The Windschuttle Gambit,” ''History Australia'' 2, pp. 43/1-43/10.
* 2005. “From Praise to Prose: Leonardo Bruni’s Lives of the Poets,” ''I Tatti Studies'' 10, pp. 127-48.
* 2002. “Boccaccio, Dante, and the Origins of Modern Literary Biography,” ''Convivio'' 8, pp. 113-22.
* 2002. “Leonardo Bruni and Biography: The 'Vita Aristotelis',” ''Renaissance Quarterly'' 55, pp. 805-32.
* 2002. &quot;Unpacking the Codpiece,&quot; in Sharyn Pearce et Vivienne Muller editrices, ''Manning the Next Millennium: Studies in Masculinities'', pp. 29-39. Perthiae: Black Swan Press.
* 2000. “A Life in Politics: Leonardo Bruni’s ''Cicero'',” ''Journal of the History of Ideas'' 61, pp. 39-58.
* 1999. &quot;Beyond “Western Civ”? Teaching the Histories of Europe,&quot; in Aleksandar Pavkovic et Catherine Welch editore), ''Teaching European Studies in Australia: Problems and Prospects'', pp. 37-45. Melburniae: CESAA.
* 1999. &quot;Despotism,&quot; in Paul F. Grendler editor, ''Encyclopedia of the Renaissance'', tomus secundus, pp. 146-9. Novi Eboraci: Charles Scribner’s Sons.
* 1999. “The Plutarchan Option: Leonardo Bruni's Early Career in History, 1405-1414,” ''I Tatti Studies'' 8, pp. 11-35.
* 1999. &quot;Prince,&quot; in Paul F. Grendler editor, ''Encyclopedia of the Renaissance'', tomus quintus, pp. 158-61. Novi Eboraci: Charles Scribner’s Sons.
* 1998. “Bruni on Writing History,” ''Renaissance Quarterly'' 51, pp. 1-25.
* 1997. “Writing from Procopius: Leonardo Bruni's ''De bello italico'',” ''Rinascimento'' 37, pp. 1-25.
* 1997. “Leonardo Bruni: First Modern Historian?” ''Parergon'' 14, pp. 85-99.
* 1992. “I ‘commentarii’: Appunti per la storia di un genere storiografico quattrocentesco,” ''Archivio storico italiano'' 150, pp. 1029-63.
* 1992. &quot;Sforza,&quot; in Volker Reinhardt editor, ''Die grossen Familien Italiens'', pp. 501-15. Stutgardiae: Alfred Kröner Verlag.
** In lingua Italiana anno 1996 ut &quot;Sforza,&quot; in Volker Reinhardt editor, ''Le grandi famiglie italiane'', pp. 564-79. Venetiae: Neri Pozza.
* 1991. “Humanism’s New Science: The History of the Future,” ''I Tatti Studies'' 4, pp. 59-88.
* 1990. “Storiografia e contemporaneità: A proposito del ''Rerum suo tempore gestarum commentarius'' di Leonardo Bruni,” ''Rinascimento'' 30, pp. 3-28.
* 1989. &quot;The Italian Literary Tradition Revisited,&quot; in Camilla Bettoni et Joseph Lo Bianco editores, ''Understanding Italy'', pp. 144-53. Sydneii: Frederick May Foundation for Italian Studies.
* 1987. &quot;Patronage and the Production of History: The Case of Quattrocentro Milan,&quot; in F. W. Kent, Patricia Simons, J. C. Eade editores, ''Patronage, Art, and Society in Renaissance Italy'', pp. 299-311. Oxoniae: The Clarendon Press.
* 1983. “Storiografia come propaganda,” ''Società e storia'' 22, pp. 909-18.
* 1982. &quot;The 'Commentaries' of Giovanni Simonetta: History and Propaganda in Sforza Milan (1450–1490),&quot; in Conal Condren et Roslyn Pesman Cooper editores, ''Altro polo: A Volume of Italian Renaissance Studies'', pp. 79-98. Sydneii: Frederick May Foundation for Italian Studies.
* 1982. “The First Edition of Giovanni Simonetta’s ''De rebus gestis'' ''Francisci Sfortiae commentarii'': Questions of Chronology and Interpretation,” ''Bibliothèque d’ humanisme et Renaissance'' 44, pp. 137-47.
* 1981. “A Humanist Historian and His Documents: Giovanni Simonetta, Secretary to the Sforzas,” ''Renaissance Quarterly'' 34, pp. 491-516.
* 1980. “From Flavio Biondo to Lodrisio Crivelli: The Beginnings of Humanistic Historiography in Sforza Milan,” ''Rinascimento'' 20, pp. 3-39.
* 1975. “Rabelais and Machiavelli,” ''Romance Notes'' 16, pp. 460-73.

[[Categoria:Professores historiographiae]]
[[Categoria:Viri]]
[[Categoria:Nati 1947]]
[[Categoria:Academici Australiae]]</text>
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      <comment>attributio</comment>
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    <title>Denipaire</title>
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      <comment>creatio e francica documentatione</comment>
      <origin>3998709</origin>
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      <text bytes="581" sha1="ras30pfmc6eoy9iwb6akaq7b9wkko2v" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}}
[[Fasciculus:Denipaire-Ferme.JPG|thumb|upright=0.7|left|Denipaire: habitatio typica.]]
{{res|Denipaire}} est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 243 [[incola]]rum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegi]] in regione [[Magnus Oriens|Magno Oriente]].

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index communium praefecturae Vosegi]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Denipaire|Denipaire}}
{{Fontes geographici}}

{{geo-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Vosegi]]
[[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Vosegi]]</text>
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      <comment>attributio</comment>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Pippobuono</username>
        <id>54500</id>
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      <comment>creatio e francica documentatione</comment>
      <origin>3998713</origin>
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      <text bytes="1078" sha1="qvqbcy0y2tlmxs38am0oszpe9mtfmf7" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}}
[[Fasciculus:Deinvillers église 01.JPG|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Deodati villare: [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]] [[Sanctus Deodatus|Sancto Deodato]] dicata.]]
{{res|Deodati villare}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Graesse}}, t. 1, p. 635.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{opus|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6561169q/f260.item.texteImage|auctor=Paulus Marichal|titulus=Dictionnaire topographique du département des Vosges : comprenant les noms de lieu anciens et modernes |domus editoria=Impr. nationale |locus=Paris|annus=1941|pagina=122}} {{Ling|Francogallice}}&lt;/ref&gt; (Francogallice ''Deinvillers'') est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 57 incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegi]] in regione [[Magnus Oriens|Magno Oriente]]. 

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index communium praefecturae Vosegi]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Deinvillers|Deodati villare}}
{{Fontes geographici}}

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{geo-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Vosegi]]
[[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Vosegi]]</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-11-02T20:31:20Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Pippobuono</username>
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      <comment>attributio</comment>
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    <title>Hervé Gosselin</title>
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      <contributor>
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      <comment>Pippobuono movit paginam [[Hervé Gosselin]] ad [[Herveus Gosselin]] praeter redirectionem: sicut solet, nomen latinum si adest, cognomen e lingua vulgoris</comment>
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        <username>Pippobuono</username>
        <id>54500</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Pippobuono movit paginam [[Elne]] ad [[Helena (Pyrenaei orientales)]]: nomen latinum attestatur in Graesse</comment>
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|imago   = [[Fasciculus:Bistum Perpignan-Elne.svg|125px]]
|super= &lt;small&gt;Dioecesis Elnensis erecta saeculo VI, anno 1801 suppressa, anno 1822 restituta cum sede [[Perpinianum|Perpiniani]] et titulu Elnensi, sub concordato usque ad 1905, postea sub regimine separationis.&lt;/small&gt;.
|grex1=Sedes [[Helena (Pyraenei orientales)|Elnae]]
|index1= Domnus &lt;small&gt;(568)&lt;/small&gt; • Benenatus &lt;small&gt;(589)&lt;/small&gt; • Acatulus &lt;/small&gt;(633-638)&lt;/small&gt; • 656 : Witaricus (seu Ilitaricus)&lt;small&gt;(656)&lt;/small&gt; • Hyacinthus &lt;small&gt;(673)&lt;/small&gt; • Clarus &lt;/small&gt; •(683)&lt;/small&gt; •  Wenedurius &lt;/small&gt;(783-825)&lt;/small&gt; • Ramnon &lt;small&gt;(825-826?)&lt;/small&gt; • Salomon &lt;/small&gt;(832-840)&lt;/small&gt; • Audesinde &lt;/small&gt;(860-885)&lt;/small&gt; • Riculphus I &lt;small&gt;(887-915)&lt;/small&gt; • Elmeradus &lt;small&gt;(916-919)&lt;/small&gt; • Wadaldus seu Guadaldo d'Empuries-Rosselló &lt;/small&gt;(922-947)&lt;/small&gt; • Riculphus II &lt;/small&gt;(947-960)&lt;/small&gt; • Suniarius I &lt;small&gt;(967?-977)&lt;/small&gt; • Hildesindus &lt;small&gt;(979-991)&lt;/small&gt; • Berengarius de Cerdanya-Besalú &lt;small&gt;(993-994, et denuo 999-1003)&lt;/small&gt; • Fredelo &lt;small&gt;(994-999 et denuo 1003-1007)&lt;/small&gt; • Olivarius (de Besalú) &lt;small&gt;(1009-1014)&lt;/small&gt; • Berengarius II de Sendred de Gurb &lt;small&gt;(1019-1030)&lt;/small&gt; • Suniarius II &lt;small&gt;(1031)&lt;/small&gt; • Berengarius III &lt;small&gt;(1032-1053)&lt;/small&gt; • Artaldus I &lt;small&gt;(1054-1061)&lt;/small&gt; • Suniarius III &lt;small&gt;(1062)&lt;/small&gt; • Ramundus I &lt;small&gt;(1064-1086)&lt;/small&gt; • Artaldus II &lt;/small&gt;(1087-1096)&lt;/small&gt; • Armengolus &lt;/small&gt;(1097-1111)&lt;/small&gt; • Petrus Bernardus &lt;small&gt;(1113-1129)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Udalgar de Castelnou]] &lt;small&gt;(1130-1147)&lt;/small&gt; • Artaldus III &lt;small&gt;(1148-1171)&lt;/small&gt; • Guillelmus Jordà &lt;small&gt;(1172-1186)&lt;/small&gt; • Berengarius IV &lt;small&gt;(1187)&lt;/small&gt; • Guillelmus de Ceret &lt;small&gt;(1187-1197)&lt;/small&gt; • Artaldus IV &lt;small&gt;(1200-1201)&lt;/small&gt; • Guillelmus d'Ortafà &lt;small&gt;(1201-1209)&lt;/small&gt; • Raimundus II de Vilalonga &lt;small&gt;(1212-1216)&lt;/small&gt; •  Gualterius &lt;small&gt;(1217-1221)&lt;/small&gt; • Arnaldus de Serrallonga &lt;small&gt;(1223-1224)&lt;/small&gt; • Raimundus III &lt;small&gt;(1225-1229)&lt;/small&gt; • Bernardus de Berga &lt;small&gt;(1230-1259)&lt;/small&gt; • Berengarius V de Cantallops &lt;small&gt;(1259-1280)&lt;/small&gt; • Bernardus de Sala &lt;small&gt;(1280-1281)&lt;/small&gt; • Berengarius VI de Santafè &lt;small&gt;(1282-1289)&lt;/small&gt; • Raimundus IV de Costa &lt;small&gt;(1289-1310)&lt;/small&gt; • Raimundus V &lt;small&gt;(1311-1312)&lt;/small&gt; • Guillelmus de Castilhon &lt;small&gt;(1313-1317)&lt;/small&gt; • Berengarius VII d'Argilaguers &lt;small&gt;(1317-1319)&lt;/small&gt; • Berengarius VIII Batlle &lt;small&gt;(1320-1332)&lt;/small&gt; • Guido de Terrena &lt;small&gt;(1332-1342)&lt;/small&gt; • Petrus Seguer &lt;small&gt;(1342-1346)&lt;/small&gt; • Bernardus Hugo de Sainte-Arthemie &lt;small&gt;(1347-1348)&lt;/small&gt; • Bernardus Forner &lt;small&gt;(1348-1350)&lt;/small&gt; • Stephanus Malet &lt;small&gt;(1350-1351)&lt;/small&gt; • Franciscus de Montoliu &lt;small&gt;(1352-1354)&lt;/small&gt; • 1354-1357 : [[Ioannes de Jourens|Ioannes Jofre]] &lt;small&gt;(1354-1357)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Raimundus de Salg]] &lt;small&gt;(1357-1361)&lt;/small&gt; • Petrus de Planella &lt;small&gt;(1361-1371)&lt;/small&gt; • Petrus Cima &lt;small&gt;(1371-1377)&lt;/small&gt; • Raimundus d'Escales &lt;small&gt;(1377-1380)&lt;/small&gt; • Dalmau &lt;small&gt;(1380-1384)&lt;/small&gt; • Bartolomaeus Peiró &lt;small&gt;(1384-1408)&lt;/small&gt; • Raimundus de Descatllar i de Palasol&lt;small&gt;(1408)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Francesc Eiximenis]] &lt;small&gt;(1408-1409)&lt;/small&gt; • Alphonsus d'Eixea &lt;small&gt;(1409-1410)&lt;/small&gt; • Hieronymus de Ocón &lt;small&gt;(1410-1425)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Ioannes Casanova]] &lt;small&gt;(1425-1431)&lt;/small&gt; • Galceran Albert &lt;small&gt;(1431-1453)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Ioannes Margarit i Pau|Ioannes de Margarit]] &lt;small&gt;(1453-1462)&lt;/small&gt; • Antonius de Cardona &lt;small&gt;(1462-1467)&lt;/small&gt; • Ioannes Pintor &lt;small&gt;(1468-1470 )&lt;/small&gt; • Carolus de Saint-Gelais &lt;small&gt;(1470-1473)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Carolus I de Martigny|Carolus de Martigny]] &lt;small&gt;(1475-1494)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Ascanius Maria Sforza]] &lt;small&gt;(1494-1495)&lt;/small&gt; •  [[Cesarius Borgia]] &lt;small&gt;(1495-1498)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Franciscus Lloris y de Borja|Franciscus Galceran de Lloris i de Borja]] &lt;small&gt;(1499-1506)&lt;/small&gt; • Ioannes de Palau &lt;small&gt;(1506)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Iacobus Serra i Cau|Iacobus Serra i Cau]] &lt;small&gt;(1506-1513)&lt;/small&gt; • Ioannes Castellanos de Villalba &lt;small&gt;(1513-1515)&lt;/small&gt; • Bernardus de Mesa &lt;small&gt;(1517-1524)&lt;/small&gt; • Gullielmus Valdenese &lt;small&gt;(1524-1529)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Fernandus de Valdés]] &lt;small&gt;(1529-1530)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Hieronymus Doria]] &lt;small&gt;(1530-1532)&lt;/small&gt; • Iacobus de Ric &lt;small&gt;(1534-1535&lt;/small&gt; • Hieronymus de Requesens &lt;small&gt;(1537-1542&lt;/small&gt; • Fernandus de Loaces y Pérez &lt;small&gt;(1542-1543)&lt;/small&gt; • Petrus Agustí &lt;small&gt;(1543-1545)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Michael Despuig]] &lt;small&gt;(1545-1555)&lt;/small&gt; • Raphael Ubac &lt;small&gt;(1555-1556)&lt;/small&gt; • Lupus Martínez de La Gunilla &lt;small&gt;(1558-1567)&lt;/small&gt; • Petrus Martyr Coma &lt;small&gt;(1568-1578)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Ioannes Terès i Borrull]] &lt;small&gt;(1579-1586)&lt;/small&gt; • Petrus Bonet de Santa Maria &lt;small&gt;(1586-1588&lt;/small&gt; • Augustinus Gallart &lt;small&gt;(1588)&lt;/small&gt; • Ludovicus de Sanç i Còdol &lt;small&gt;(1588)&lt;/small&gt; • Franciscus Robuster Sala &lt;small&gt;(1591-1598)&lt;/small&gt; • Fernandus de Valdés Salas &lt;small&gt;(1589-1598)&lt;/small&gt; • Onophrius Reart &lt;small&gt;(1599-1608)
|grex2=Sedes [[Perpiniamum|Perpiniani]] a 1602
|index2= Antonis Gallart (i Traginer) &lt;small&gt;(1609-1612)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Franciscus de Vera-Villavicencio]] &lt;small&gt;(1613-1616)&lt;/small&gt; • Fredericus Cornet &lt;small&gt;(1617-1617)&lt;/small&gt; • Raimundus d'Ivorra &lt;small&gt;(1617-1618)&lt;/small&gt; • Raphael Rifos &lt;small&gt;(1618-1620)&lt;/small&gt; • Franciscus Senjust &lt;small&gt;(1621-1622)&lt;/small&gt; • Petrus Magarola &lt;small&gt;(1622-1627)&lt;/small&gt; • Franciscus Lopez de Mendoza &lt;small&gt;(1627-1629)&lt;/small&gt; • Gregorius Parcero &lt;small&gt;(1630-1634)&lt;/small&gt; • Caspar Prieto &lt;small&gt;(1636-1637)&lt;/small&gt; • Franciscus Perez Roy &lt;small&gt;(1638-1643)&lt;/small&gt; • Iosephus du Vivier de Saint-Martin &lt;small&gt;(1643)&lt;/small&gt; • '''sedes vacans''' &lt;small&gt;(1643-1668)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Vincentius de Margarit de Biure]] &lt;small&gt;(1668-1672)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Ioannes Ludovicus du Bruelh]] &lt;small&gt;(1673-1675)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Ioannes Baptista d'Étampes]] &lt;small&gt;(1675)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Ludovicus Habert de Montmor]] &lt;small&gt;(1682-1695)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Ioannes Herveus Bazan de Flamanville]] &lt;small&gt;(1695-1721)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Antonius Hieronymus Boyvin de Vaurouy]] &lt;small&gt;(1721)&lt;/small&gt; • '''sedes vacans''' &lt;small&gt;(1722-1723)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Ioannes Mathias de Barthélemy de Gramont]] &lt;small&gt;(1726-1743)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Carolus Franciscus Alexander de Cardevac de Gouy d'Havrincourt]] &lt;small&gt;(1743-1783)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Ioannes Gabriel d'Agay]] &lt;small&gt;(1783-1788)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Antonius Felix de Leyris d'Esponchez]] &lt;small&gt;(1788-1801, sed emigratus a 1791)&lt;/small&gt; • &lt;small&gt;''[[Gabriel Deville]]'' (1791-1793, episcopus constitutionnalis)&lt;/small&gt; • &lt;small&gt;''[[Dominicus Paulus Villa]]'' (1798-1801, episcopus constitutionnalis)&lt;/small&gt; 
|grex3=Concordatus
|index3= '''sedes suppressa''' &lt;small&gt;(1801-1823)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Ioannes Franciscus de Saunhac-Belcastel]] &lt;small&gt; (1823-1853)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Philippus Gerbet]] &lt;small&gt;(1854-1864)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Stephanus Aemilius Ramadié]] &lt;small&gt;(1865-1876)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Josephus Fredericus Saivet]] &lt;small&gt;(1876-1877)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Ioannes Augustinus Aemilius Caraguel]] &lt;small&gt;(1877-1885)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Noel Gaussail]] &lt;small&gt;(1886-1899)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Iulius de Carsalade du Pont]] &lt;small&gt;(1899-1932)&lt;/small&gt;
|grex4=Regimen separationis
|index4= [[Iulius de Carsalade du Pont]] &lt;small&gt;(1899-1932)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Henricus Marius Bernard]] &lt;small&gt;(1933-1959)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Ioel Bellec]] &lt;small&gt;(1960-1971)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Henricus L'Heureux]] &lt;small&gt;(1972-1981)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Ioannes Chabbert]] &lt;small&gt;(archiepiscopus, 1982-1996)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Andreas Fort]] &lt;small&gt;(1996-2002)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Andreas Marceau]] &lt;small&gt;(2004-2014)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Norbertus Turini]] &lt;small&gt;(2014-2022)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Theodoricus Scherrer]] &lt;small&gt;(2023-) &lt;/small&gt; • 
|sub=&lt;small&gt;fontes : {{CathHierDiocese|perp|Dioecesis Elnensis}}
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;

[[Categoria:Episcopi Elnenses|!]]

&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>6fst98i2bw2d0r1bgbnon7gzlkq95p6</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3998730</id>
      <parentid>3998729</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T21:17:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pippobuono</username>
        <id>54500</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>typo</comment>
      <origin>3998730</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8266" sha1="h17jblwnc7h27176rd2nez1jf1cxut4" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa navigationis
|formula = Episcopi Elnenses
|titulus = Episcopi [[Dioecesis Elnensis|Elnenses]]
|imago   = [[Fasciculus:Bistum Perpignan-Elne.svg|125px]]
|super= &lt;small&gt;Dioecesis Elnensis erecta saeculo VI, anno 1801 suppressa, anno 1822 restituta cum sede [[Perpinianum|Perpiniani]] et titulu Elnensi, sub concordato usque ad 1905, postea sub regimine separationis.&lt;/small&gt;.
|grex1=Sedes [[Helena (Pyrenaei orientales)|Elnae]]
|index1= Domnus &lt;small&gt;(568)&lt;/small&gt; • Benenatus &lt;small&gt;(589)&lt;/small&gt; • Acatulus &lt;/small&gt;(633-638)&lt;/small&gt; • 656 : Witaricus (seu Ilitaricus)&lt;small&gt;(656)&lt;/small&gt; • Hyacinthus &lt;small&gt;(673)&lt;/small&gt; • Clarus &lt;/small&gt; •(683)&lt;/small&gt; •  Wenedurius &lt;/small&gt;(783-825)&lt;/small&gt; • Ramnon &lt;small&gt;(825-826?)&lt;/small&gt; • Salomon &lt;/small&gt;(832-840)&lt;/small&gt; • Audesinde &lt;/small&gt;(860-885)&lt;/small&gt; • Riculphus I &lt;small&gt;(887-915)&lt;/small&gt; • Elmeradus &lt;small&gt;(916-919)&lt;/small&gt; • Wadaldus seu Guadaldo d'Empuries-Rosselló &lt;/small&gt;(922-947)&lt;/small&gt; • Riculphus II &lt;/small&gt;(947-960)&lt;/small&gt; • Suniarius I &lt;small&gt;(967?-977)&lt;/small&gt; • Hildesindus &lt;small&gt;(979-991)&lt;/small&gt; • Berengarius de Cerdanya-Besalú &lt;small&gt;(993-994, et denuo 999-1003)&lt;/small&gt; • Fredelo &lt;small&gt;(994-999 et denuo 1003-1007)&lt;/small&gt; • Olivarius (de Besalú) &lt;small&gt;(1009-1014)&lt;/small&gt; • Berengarius II de Sendred de Gurb &lt;small&gt;(1019-1030)&lt;/small&gt; • Suniarius II &lt;small&gt;(1031)&lt;/small&gt; • Berengarius III &lt;small&gt;(1032-1053)&lt;/small&gt; • Artaldus I &lt;small&gt;(1054-1061)&lt;/small&gt; • Suniarius III &lt;small&gt;(1062)&lt;/small&gt; • Ramundus I &lt;small&gt;(1064-1086)&lt;/small&gt; • Artaldus II &lt;/small&gt;(1087-1096)&lt;/small&gt; • Armengolus &lt;/small&gt;(1097-1111)&lt;/small&gt; • Petrus Bernardus &lt;small&gt;(1113-1129)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Udalgar de Castelnou]] &lt;small&gt;(1130-1147)&lt;/small&gt; • Artaldus III &lt;small&gt;(1148-1171)&lt;/small&gt; • Guillelmus Jordà &lt;small&gt;(1172-1186)&lt;/small&gt; • Berengarius IV &lt;small&gt;(1187)&lt;/small&gt; • Guillelmus de Ceret &lt;small&gt;(1187-1197)&lt;/small&gt; • Artaldus IV &lt;small&gt;(1200-1201)&lt;/small&gt; • Guillelmus d'Ortafà &lt;small&gt;(1201-1209)&lt;/small&gt; • Raimundus II de Vilalonga &lt;small&gt;(1212-1216)&lt;/small&gt; •  Gualterius &lt;small&gt;(1217-1221)&lt;/small&gt; • Arnaldus de Serrallonga &lt;small&gt;(1223-1224)&lt;/small&gt; • Raimundus III &lt;small&gt;(1225-1229)&lt;/small&gt; • Bernardus de Berga &lt;small&gt;(1230-1259)&lt;/small&gt; • Berengarius V de Cantallops &lt;small&gt;(1259-1280)&lt;/small&gt; • Bernardus de Sala &lt;small&gt;(1280-1281)&lt;/small&gt; • Berengarius VI de Santafè &lt;small&gt;(1282-1289)&lt;/small&gt; • Raimundus IV de Costa &lt;small&gt;(1289-1310)&lt;/small&gt; • Raimundus V &lt;small&gt;(1311-1312)&lt;/small&gt; • Guillelmus de Castilhon &lt;small&gt;(1313-1317)&lt;/small&gt; • Berengarius VII d'Argilaguers &lt;small&gt;(1317-1319)&lt;/small&gt; • Berengarius VIII Batlle &lt;small&gt;(1320-1332)&lt;/small&gt; • Guido de Terrena &lt;small&gt;(1332-1342)&lt;/small&gt; • Petrus Seguer &lt;small&gt;(1342-1346)&lt;/small&gt; • Bernardus Hugo de Sainte-Arthemie &lt;small&gt;(1347-1348)&lt;/small&gt; • Bernardus Forner &lt;small&gt;(1348-1350)&lt;/small&gt; • Stephanus Malet &lt;small&gt;(1350-1351)&lt;/small&gt; • Franciscus de Montoliu &lt;small&gt;(1352-1354)&lt;/small&gt; • 1354-1357 : [[Ioannes de Jourens|Ioannes Jofre]] &lt;small&gt;(1354-1357)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Raimundus de Salg]] &lt;small&gt;(1357-1361)&lt;/small&gt; • Petrus de Planella &lt;small&gt;(1361-1371)&lt;/small&gt; • Petrus Cima &lt;small&gt;(1371-1377)&lt;/small&gt; • Raimundus d'Escales &lt;small&gt;(1377-1380)&lt;/small&gt; • Dalmau &lt;small&gt;(1380-1384)&lt;/small&gt; • Bartolomaeus Peiró &lt;small&gt;(1384-1408)&lt;/small&gt; • Raimundus de Descatllar i de Palasol&lt;small&gt;(1408)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Francesc Eiximenis]] &lt;small&gt;(1408-1409)&lt;/small&gt; • Alphonsus d'Eixea &lt;small&gt;(1409-1410)&lt;/small&gt; • Hieronymus de Ocón &lt;small&gt;(1410-1425)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Ioannes Casanova]] &lt;small&gt;(1425-1431)&lt;/small&gt; • Galceran Albert &lt;small&gt;(1431-1453)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Ioannes Margarit i Pau|Ioannes de Margarit]] &lt;small&gt;(1453-1462)&lt;/small&gt; • Antonius de Cardona &lt;small&gt;(1462-1467)&lt;/small&gt; • Ioannes Pintor &lt;small&gt;(1468-1470 )&lt;/small&gt; • Carolus de Saint-Gelais &lt;small&gt;(1470-1473)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Carolus I de Martigny|Carolus de Martigny]] &lt;small&gt;(1475-1494)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Ascanius Maria Sforza]] &lt;small&gt;(1494-1495)&lt;/small&gt; •  [[Cesarius Borgia]] &lt;small&gt;(1495-1498)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Franciscus Lloris y de Borja|Franciscus Galceran de Lloris i de Borja]] &lt;small&gt;(1499-1506)&lt;/small&gt; • Ioannes de Palau &lt;small&gt;(1506)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Iacobus Serra i Cau|Iacobus Serra i Cau]] &lt;small&gt;(1506-1513)&lt;/small&gt; • Ioannes Castellanos de Villalba &lt;small&gt;(1513-1515)&lt;/small&gt; • Bernardus de Mesa &lt;small&gt;(1517-1524)&lt;/small&gt; • Gullielmus Valdenese &lt;small&gt;(1524-1529)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Fernandus de Valdés]] &lt;small&gt;(1529-1530)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Hieronymus Doria]] &lt;small&gt;(1530-1532)&lt;/small&gt; • Iacobus de Ric &lt;small&gt;(1534-1535&lt;/small&gt; • Hieronymus de Requesens &lt;small&gt;(1537-1542&lt;/small&gt; • Fernandus de Loaces y Pérez &lt;small&gt;(1542-1543)&lt;/small&gt; • Petrus Agustí &lt;small&gt;(1543-1545)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Michael Despuig]] &lt;small&gt;(1545-1555)&lt;/small&gt; • Raphael Ubac &lt;small&gt;(1555-1556)&lt;/small&gt; • Lupus Martínez de La Gunilla &lt;small&gt;(1558-1567)&lt;/small&gt; • Petrus Martyr Coma &lt;small&gt;(1568-1578)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Ioannes Terès i Borrull]] &lt;small&gt;(1579-1586)&lt;/small&gt; • Petrus Bonet de Santa Maria &lt;small&gt;(1586-1588&lt;/small&gt; • Augustinus Gallart &lt;small&gt;(1588)&lt;/small&gt; • Ludovicus de Sanç i Còdol &lt;small&gt;(1588)&lt;/small&gt; • Franciscus Robuster Sala &lt;small&gt;(1591-1598)&lt;/small&gt; • Fernandus de Valdés Salas &lt;small&gt;(1589-1598)&lt;/small&gt; • Onophrius Reart &lt;small&gt;(1599-1608)
|grex2=Sedes [[Perpinianum|Perpiniani]] a 1602
|index2= Antonis Gallart (i Traginer) &lt;small&gt;(1609-1612)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Franciscus de Vera-Villavicencio]] &lt;small&gt;(1613-1616)&lt;/small&gt; • Fredericus Cornet &lt;small&gt;(1617-1617)&lt;/small&gt; • Raimundus d'Ivorra &lt;small&gt;(1617-1618)&lt;/small&gt; • Raphael Rifos &lt;small&gt;(1618-1620)&lt;/small&gt; • Franciscus Senjust &lt;small&gt;(1621-1622)&lt;/small&gt; • Petrus Magarola &lt;small&gt;(1622-1627)&lt;/small&gt; • Franciscus Lopez de Mendoza &lt;small&gt;(1627-1629)&lt;/small&gt; • Gregorius Parcero &lt;small&gt;(1630-1634)&lt;/small&gt; • Caspar Prieto &lt;small&gt;(1636-1637)&lt;/small&gt; • Franciscus Perez Roy &lt;small&gt;(1638-1643)&lt;/small&gt; • Iosephus du Vivier de Saint-Martin &lt;small&gt;(1643)&lt;/small&gt; • '''sedes vacans''' &lt;small&gt;(1643-1668)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Vincentius de Margarit de Biure]] &lt;small&gt;(1668-1672)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Ioannes Ludovicus du Bruelh]] &lt;small&gt;(1673-1675)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Ioannes Baptista d'Étampes]] &lt;small&gt;(1675)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Ludovicus Habert de Montmor]] &lt;small&gt;(1682-1695)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Ioannes Herveus Bazan de Flamanville]] &lt;small&gt;(1695-1721)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Antonius Hieronymus Boyvin de Vaurouy]] &lt;small&gt;(1721)&lt;/small&gt; • '''sedes vacans''' &lt;small&gt;(1722-1723)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Ioannes Mathias de Barthélemy de Gramont]] &lt;small&gt;(1726-1743)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Carolus Franciscus Alexander de Cardevac de Gouy d'Havrincourt]] &lt;small&gt;(1743-1783)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Ioannes Gabriel d'Agay]] &lt;small&gt;(1783-1788)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Antonius Felix de Leyris d'Esponchez]] &lt;small&gt;(1788-1801, sed emigratus a 1791)&lt;/small&gt; • &lt;small&gt;''[[Gabriel Deville]]'' (1791-1793, episcopus constitutionnalis)&lt;/small&gt; • &lt;small&gt;''[[Dominicus Paulus Villa]]'' (1798-1801, episcopus constitutionnalis)&lt;/small&gt; 
|grex3=Concordatus
|index3= '''sedes suppressa''' &lt;small&gt;(1801-1823)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Ioannes Franciscus de Saunhac-Belcastel]] &lt;small&gt; (1823-1853)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Philippus Gerbet]] &lt;small&gt;(1854-1864)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Stephanus Aemilius Ramadié]] &lt;small&gt;(1865-1876)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Iosephus Fredericus Saivet]] &lt;small&gt;(1876-1877)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Ioannes Augustinus Aemilius Caraguel]] &lt;small&gt;(1877-1885)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Noel Gaussail]] &lt;small&gt;(1886-1899)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Iulius de Carsalade du Pont]] &lt;small&gt;(1899-1932)&lt;/small&gt;
|grex4=Regimen separationis
|index4= [[Iulius de Carsalade du Pont]] &lt;small&gt;(1899-1932)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Henricus Marius Bernard]] &lt;small&gt;(1933-1959)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Ioel Bellec]] &lt;small&gt;(1960-1971)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Henricus L'Heureux]] &lt;small&gt;(1972-1981)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Ioannes Chabbert]] &lt;small&gt;(archiepiscopus, 1982-1996)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Andreas Fort]] &lt;small&gt;(1996-2002)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Andreas Marceau]] &lt;small&gt;(2004-2014)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Norbertus Turini]] &lt;small&gt;(2014-2022)&lt;/small&gt; • [[Theodoricus Scherrer]] &lt;small&gt;(2023-) &lt;/small&gt; • 
|sub=&lt;small&gt;fontes : {{CathHierDiocese|perp|Dioecesis Elnensis}}
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;

[[Categoria:Episcopi Elnenses|!]]

&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Categoria:Episcopi Elnenses</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>329804</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3998731</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T21:19:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pippobuono</username>
        <id>54500</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>creatio</comment>
      <origin>3998731</origin>
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      <text bytes="73" sha1="1a6h8jx7k0rzubqy1qn8u96ks9lf6jt" xml:space="preserve">[[Categoria:Episcopi Franciae|Elnenses]]
[[Categoria:Dioecesis Elnensis]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Formula:Categoria vestigatoria formularum</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>329805</id>
    <redirect title="Formula:Categoria vestigatoria" />
    <revision>
      <id>3998754</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-02T22:53:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Grufo movit paginam [[Formula:Categoria vestigatoria formularum]] ad [[Formula:Categoria vestigatoria]]: Nomen simplicius</comment>
      <origin>3998754</origin>
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      <text bytes="44" sha1="tg5ytouoq17p491cxx1jmbu0ff278uh" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Formula:Categoria vestigatoria]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Formula:Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>3998814</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-03T07:40:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Grufo movit paginam [[Formula:Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae]] ad [[Formula:Categoriae vestigatoriae]]: Nomen simplicius</comment>
      <origin>3998814</origin>
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      <text bytes="46" sha1="b92am7gun0wcn9s7cnem5x0ws55pae0" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Formula:Categoriae vestigatoriae]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Darnolium</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>329808</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3998841</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-03T11:52:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pippobuono</username>
        <id>54500</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>creatio e francica documentatione</comment>
      <origin>3998841</origin>
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      <text bytes="1213" sha1="aliqnwbtl8gdv1jlxr02f6rzr3rtri3" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}}
[[Fasciculus:Darnieulles, Église Saint-Maurice 1.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Darnolium: [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]] [[Sanctus Mauritius|Sancto Mauritio]] dicata.]]
{{res|Darnolium}} seu '''Darnulium''' seu '''Darnuodra'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Graesse}}, t. 1, p. 629.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{opus|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6561169q/f259.item.texteImage|auctor=Paulus Marichal|titulus=Dictionnaire topographique du département des Vosges : comprenant les noms de lieu anciens et modernes |domus editoria=Impr. nationale |locus=Paris|annus=1941|pagina=121}} {{Ling|Francogallice}}&lt;/ref&gt; (Francogallice ''Darnieulles'') est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] {{formatnum:1364}} incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegi]] in regione [[Magnus Oriens|Magno Oriente]]. 

== Civis notabilis ==
* [[Nicolaus Bellot]] (1580-1640), pictor, hic natus est.

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index communium praefecturae Vosegi]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Darnieulles|Darnolium}}
{{Fontes geographici}}

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{geo-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Vosegi]]
[[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Vosegi]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Disputatio:Darnolium</title>
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    <id>329809</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-11-03T11:53:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pippobuono</username>
        <id>54500</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>attributio</comment>
      <origin>3998842</origin>
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      <text bytes="39" sha1="4g77id7fh69799af4y7fegtlybv9now" xml:space="preserve">{{attributio|fr|Darnieulles|238955628}}</text>
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