Vicifons:Scriptorium

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Hac pagina scriptorium Vicifontis est.&lt;br /&gt;
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'''(DE)''' Neue Nachrichten dürfen auf Latein, Französisch, Englisch oder Italienisch gestellt werden.&lt;br /&gt;
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'''[http://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Vicifons:Scriptorium&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new   Quaestio nova]'''
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''Ut sententias antiquiores legas vide [[Vicifons:Scriptorium/Vetera]]''
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|[[Image:Forum-de-César.jpg|right|210px]]
|-
|style=&quot;padding: 0.5em; font-family: sans-serif&quot;| '''Scriptorium Vicifontis'''&lt;br/&gt;
----
|-
|style=&quot;padding: 0.3em; font-family: sans-serif; background-color: #e4e4c9; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0&quot;|'''Alia scriptoria''' 
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'''[[w:la:Vicipaedia:Taberna|Vicipaedia:Taberna]]'''&lt;br /&gt;
'''[[q:la:Vicicitatio:Taberna|Vicicitatio:Taberna]]'''&lt;br /&gt;
'''[[wikt:la:Victionarium:Taberna|Victionarium:Taberna]]'''&lt;br /&gt;
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[[mul:Wikisource:Scriptorium]]
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== IMPORTANT: Admin activity review ==

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== Request for updating the text of the Clementine Bible ==

Two months ago, at [[Disputatio:Vulgata Clementina#The Clementine Vulgate Project dead?]] I noted that the links related to ''The Clementine Vulgate Project'', the main source used for the text of the [[Vulgata Clementina]], were dead.

Fortunately, the list of changes made since the import of on Wikisource can be found [https://web.archive.org/web/20240122025223/https://vulsearch.sourceforge.net/clemtext.rss here]. There is also [https://bitbucket.org/clementinetextproject/text/downloads/ a repository] (although I am not sure if it is up to date).

I have no experience in programming or making imports. So, could someone please update the text of [[Vulgata Clementina]] of Wikisource to use the latest version of ''The Clementine Vulgate Project''? [[Usor:Veverve|Veverve]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Veverve|disputatio]]) 10:01, 23 Februarii 2025 (UTC)

:@[[Usor:Ser be etre shi|Ser be etre shi]] Are you able to help with this? Ping in case so. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 19:27, 3 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:@[[Usor:Veverve|Veverve]] Just checking these look like quite a small number of changes, is that right? It may be easiest to do these manually. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:38, 24 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::{{ping|JimKillock}} well, my Latin is almost nonexistent, so I cannot do it myself sadly. [[Usor:Veverve|Veverve]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Veverve|disputatio]]) 18:21, 24 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

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== Toggling special characters such as ſ (long s) ==

On EN wikisource, they have a template &lt;nowiki&gt;{{longs}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; to produce ''ſ'' on the transcription page, and by default, ''s'' on the ebook page. users on EN WS can toggle these on and off. 

In this book, [[:la:Liber:Nicolaus Machiavellus De Principe.pdf|''De principe'']], there are a number of unusual characters that could do with toggling: ''ſ (s); ß (ss); ẽ (en / em) ũ (un / um) æ (ae) ę (ae) õ (on / om) ã (an / am) œ (oe)''. ([[:formula:ls]] already exists here for ſ, and some other characters semi-implemented at [[:Categoria:Formulae litterarum]] but the toggling is not switched on.)

In order to implement this:

(1) What would LA WiCategoria:Formulae litterarumkisource need to enable for user toggling of special characters?

(2) Who would I contact (assuming this is an admin task)? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:06, 29 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)

:It looks like it would need this installing, as a start: [[:en:MediaWiki:Gadget-Visibility.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-Visibility.js]] [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:13, 29 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)
:{{ping|OrbiliusMagister}} as the only active magister! --[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:16, 29 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)
:{{ping|SZC 03}} in case you have an opinion (you made changes at the De Pricipia transcription project which we could implement better with this toggle feature). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:31, 30 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)
::I would like to point out that not all of the listed characters are of the same kind: 
::* ſ is a variant of s; 
::* ß, æ and œ are [[:w:en:Ligature (writing)|ligatures]] of ſs, ae and oe respectively ([[:w:en:E caudata|ę]] can represent both ae or oe); 
::* ã, ẽ, õ, ũ are used to indicate [[:w:en:Scribal abbreviation|abbreviations]].
::Personally I think it would be somewhat useful to implement the toggle feature only for æ and œ, since of all the ligatures they are the only ones that carry some meaning (that ae or oe in that word is a diphthong) and the only ones that easily show up in search results and correctly displayed in web-browsers.
::Note that both English and Italian wikisources in their transcription guidelines take in consideration the ability of both modern readers and search engines to correctly interpret the character shown (see [[:en:Wikisource:Style guide/Orthography]] and [[:it:Wikisource:Convenzioni di trascrizione]]). Though it would be useful to write rules specific to the Latin wikisource.
::I hope these considerations were of any help. [[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:SZC 03|disputatio]]) 07:58, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)
::In regards to the [[Liber:Nicolaus Machiavellus De Principe.pdf|''De principe'']] it would be appropriate to encode the text in a way that we do not lose your work of accurately transcribing the above characters, while still showing to the end user a normalized form. My edit was trying to achieve this with the templates currently in wikisource.
::From a technical standpoint, it would be useful to have a general template not specific to any character that could be used both in ''ad hoc'' situations, and in creating other templates.
::Also if such a template is created for abbreviations it should behave differently from the long s and ligatures, since 1) the text displayed is context dependent, and 2) it is common use in diplomatic transcriptions to show the abbreviated characters in parentheses (so I were taught in paleography class). 
::To give an example of point 2 from the text ([[Pagina:Nicolaus_Machiavellus_De_Principe.pdf/69|page 45]], line 11):
::Original text: Iãq́ꝫ
::Diplomatic transcription: Ia(m)q(ue)
::Standard transcription: Iamque  
::I’m sorry for the lengthy comments. [[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:SZC 03|disputatio]]) 11:02, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::I agree something adhoc would be helpful. The template would need to specify 
:::* the text as-is and
:::* the modernised version
:::and hopefully there would be a system to pick up which to display.
:::In terms of the display: this could be the js system, perhaps adapted, that we have on en.ws, or possibly it could be an adjustment to the page templates set up, to allow two different books, or sets of pages, to be presented. This would have the advantage that exports would facilitate both (IDK but suspect that exports support the default rather than user choice). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 15:48, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::I have set out this information in a [[Usor:JimKillock/Orthography|table]] including information about dictionary lookups and likely search engine issues. In short, from a user perspective, all the characters can be problematic, but æ and œ work within Alpheios for dictionary lookups, so are a bit more tolerable than the others from a default perspective. However I think it is useful tobe able to see and use the originals for some people, eg those practicing reading Renaissance scans etc; or researchers or academics looking to use source texts. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 16:09, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:{{ping|Alex brollo}}, {{ping|VIGNERON}}, {{ping|Candalua}} in case you can help. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:38, 30 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] Interesting question. I'll take a look to the ensource template to understand how it works (I hope it is not based on javascript). [[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Alex brollo|disputatio]]) 06:18, 1 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::I’m afraid it is based on javascript: [[:en:MediaWiki:Gadget-Visibility.js]]
:::To see the button you have to enable the [[:en:Help:Gadget-Visibility|Visibility gadget]]. [[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:SZC 03|disputatio]]) 11:12, 3 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::@[[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]] checking in whether we can implement this, or find another solution. I am holding off further changes until I know how to proceed - but I am sure there should be a way to do this! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 20:40, 19 Maii 2025 (UTC)
:::Noting this question comes up again at [[:Liber:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf]] (I have [[Disputatio Libri:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf|left a note there]]). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:08, 15 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::OK, I have developed templates as this is holding up other people's work. I have based each template on the existing [[:formula:ls]], and avoid duplicating those that already exist using the same method at [[:Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]. Meantime if anyone has further thoughts about using Visibility Gadget or going another way, I would be very grateful. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 18:02, 17 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::@[[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] I have made a very basic template for flexible character switching at [[Formula:Scr]]; this returns the first entry on the book page, and the second in main space, eg &lt;nowiki&gt;{{scr|qꝫ|que}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; would work the same as &lt;nowiki&gt;{{que}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;. 
:::::However there is advice on ENWS not to use characters but use HTML entities for CSS reasons, so it is probably better for users to use specific templates. For example, I also created &lt;nowiki&gt;{{po}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; which allows a user to decide what it might best represent, eg &lt;nowiki&gt;{{po|;}} or {{po|?}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
:::::In general, using set templates like &lt;nowiki&gt;{{que}}, {{em}}, {{um}}, {{etc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; is much easier for proofing, so I think I will continue to add these where it seems useful. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:29, 24 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::Hi folks, so that you know, I have made something of a workaround to be able to enable these features, which works well enough for me. I will perhaps add some guidance somewhere. What I have done:
::::::# Installed the font Garamontio, as it has the qꝫ character, and all the possible ligatures
::::::# Created custom css to apply Garamontio to Wikisource as a whole;  at [[Usor:JimKillock/common.css]]; and
::::::# Created (vibecoded) custom javascript at [[Usor:JimKillock/common.js]]
::::::The second script looks for the various spans with the css style typographic-long-s, and replaces the characters as appropriate. This seems to work surprisingly well, Garamontio does all of the discretionary ligatures etc, and is a very well designed font (fork of EB Garamond, with some extra touches useful here). The issue is of course that this applies to the whole of Latin Wikisource all of the time. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 18:35, 25 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::::@[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]], reading this I wanted to tell you that you could apply styles to a index page, but I see you have already figured it out. Kudos on your progress. [[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:SZC 03|disputatio]]) 09:56, 9 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
::::::::Thanks @[[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]]; my list of scribal transformations has got quite long tho. And I need to check on the possible logic of it, some needs to hide and unhide, rather than search and replace. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:27, 11 Iulii 2025 (UTC)

== We will be enabling the new Charts extension on your wiki soon! ==

''(Apologies for posting in English)''

Hi all! We have good news to share regarding the ongoing problem with graphs and charts affecting all wikis that use them.

As you probably know, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|old Graph extension]] was disabled in 2023 [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EWL4AGBEZEDMNNFTM4FRD4MHOU3CVESO/|due to security reasons]]. We’ve worked in these two years to find a solution that could replace the old extension, and provide a safer and better solution to users who wanted to showcase graphs and charts in their articles. We therefore developed the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Charts extension]], which will be replacing the old Graph extension and potentially also the [[:mw:Extension:EasyTimeline|EasyTimeline extension]].

After successfully deploying the extension on Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedia, as well as on MediaWiki.org, as part of a pilot phase, we are now happy to announce that we are moving forward with the next phase of deployment, which will also include your wiki.

The deployment will happen in batches, and will start from '''May 6'''. Please, consult [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|our page on MediaWiki.org]] to discover when the new Charts extension will be deployed on your wiki. You can also [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|consult the documentation]] about the extension on MediaWiki.org.

If you have questions, need clarifications, or just want to express your opinion about it, please refer to the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension_talk:Chart/Project|project’s talk page on Mediawiki.org]], or ping me directly under this thread. If you encounter issues using Charts once it gets enabled on your wiki, please report it on the [[:mw:Extension_talk:Chart/Project|talk page]] or at [[phab:tag/charts|Phabricator]].

Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:07, 6 Maii 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Call for Candidates for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
The results of voting on the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025#Results|available on Meta-wiki]].

You may now [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Candidates|submit your candidacy to serve on the U4C]] through 29 May 2025 at 12:00 UTC. Information about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|eligibility, process, and the timeline are on Meta-wiki]]. Voting on candidates will open on 1 June 2025 and run for two weeks, closing on 15 June 2025 at 12:00 UTC.

If you have any questions, you can ask on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|the discussion page for the election]]. -- in cooperation with the U4C, &lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|disputatio]])&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:08, 15 Maii 2025 (UTC)
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== RfC ongoing regarding Abstract Wikipedia (and your project) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''(Apologies for posting in English, if this is not your first language)''

Hello all! We opened a discussion on Meta about a very delicate issue for the development of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. Since some of the hypothesis involve your project, we wanted to hear your thoughts too. 

We want to make the decision process clear: we do not yet know which option we want to use, which is why we are consulting here. We will take the arguments from the Wikimedia communities into account, and we want to consult with the different communities and hear arguments that will help us with the decision. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation.

You can read the various hypothesis and have your say at [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|&lt;span class=&quot;signature-talk&quot;&gt;{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}&lt;/span&gt;]]) 15:27, 22 Maii 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 Selection &amp; Call for Questions&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Dear all,

This year, the term of 2 (two) Community- and Affiliate-selected Trustees on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees will come to an end [1]. The Board invites the whole movement to participate in this year’s selection process and vote to fill those seats.

The Elections Committee will oversee this process with support from Foundation staff [2]. The Governance Committee, composed of trustees who are not candidates in the 2025 community-and-affiliate-selected trustee selection process (Raju Narisetti, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, Lorenzo Losa, Kathy Collins, Victoria Doronina and Esra’a Al Shafei) [3], is tasked with providing Board oversight for the 2025 trustee selection process and for keeping the Board informed. More details on the roles of the Elections Committee, Board, and staff are here [4].

Here are the key planned dates:

* May 22 – June 5: Announcement (this communication) and call for questions period [6]
* June 17 – July 1, 2025: Call for candidates
* July 2025: If needed, affiliates vote to shortlist candidates if more than 10 apply [5]
* August 2025: Campaign period
* August – September 2025: Two-week community voting period
* October – November 2025: Background check of selected candidates
* Board’s Meeting in December 2025: New trustees seated

Learn more about the 2025 selection process - including the detailed timeline, the candidacy process, the campaign rules, and the voter eligibility criteria - on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025|[link]]].

'''Call for Questions'''

In each selection process, the community has the opportunity to submit questions for the Board of Trustees candidates to answer. The Election Committee selects questions from the list developed by the community for the candidates to answer. Candidates must answer all the required questions in the application in order to be eligible; otherwise their application will be disqualified. This year, the Election Committee will select 5 questions for the candidates to answer. The selected questions may be a combination of what’s been submitted from the community, if they’re alike or related. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates|[link]]]

'''Election Volunteers'''

Another way to be involved with the 2025 selection process is to be an Election Volunteer. Election Volunteers are a bridge between the Elections Committee and their respective community. They help ensure their community is represented and mobilize them to vote. Learn more about the program and how to join on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Election_volunteers|[link].]]

Thank you!

[1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Results

[2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter

[3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Committee_Membership,_December_2024

[4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles

[5] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/FAQ

[6] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates

Best regards,

Victoria Doronina

Board Liaison to the Elections Committee

Governance Committee&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 03:08, 28 Maii 2025 (UTC)
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== Administrator backlog? ==

Hi there,

I am noticing a lot of pages that say that the current version is not checked; and versions I have amended are not (apparently) displayed because they need approval. Am I right in assuming this is due to a lack of (active) administrator time? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:53, 30 Maii 2025 (UTC)

:Relatedly @[[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]] / @[[Usor:OrbiliusMagister|OrbiliusMagister]] / other admins, [[Colloquia familiaria]] has an old index page and other old sub pages which could do with changes being approved. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:58, 12 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::Ping on this, some of the sub pages are quite broken. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:42, 28 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:I have tried to fix the lack of text in ePub export for [[Noctes Atticae]].
:Unfortunately, it seems that all my submissions require approval (last approval seems to have taken place more than five years ago).
:Is there any way to have &lt;code&gt;class=&quot;ws-export&quot;&lt;/code&gt; to the second &lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;table&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt; from [[Noctes Atticae]]?
:Many thanks for your help, [[Usor:Ousia|Ousia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ousia|disputatio]]) 19:09, 15 Augusti 2025 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:Ousia|Ousia]] Checking you know this is working now [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 16:21, 18 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
:::@[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]], many thanks for the info. [[Usor:Ousia|Ousia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ousia|disputatio]]) 15:17, 23 Augusti 2026 (UTC)

== Vote now in the 2025 U4C Election ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies for writing in English.
{{Int:Please-translate}}

Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2025 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2025|2025 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 17 June 2025 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1750161600 12:00 UTC].

Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 1 July 2025. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 23:01, 13 Iunii 2025 (UTC) &lt;/div&gt;
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== Mnemonics Book in Latin ==

Dear all,

Over the past month, with the help of others, I’ve been compiling a list of older and often overlooked books on mnemonic techniques available on [[:en:Portal:Mnemonics|Wikisource English]]. Many of these works—some dating back decades or even centuries—offer fascinating insights into how memory has been understood, trained, and improved across different cultures and time periods.

I've recently added a new section to the portal: &quot;Multilingual Works on Mnemonic Techniques.&quot; This is in part because several of the English-language texts reference related works in other languages, particularly Latin.

Unfortunately, many of these referenced works are written in Classical Latin, and my ability to work with them is quite limited—I’ve done what I can, but they remain largely inaccessible to me.

If anyone has expertise in Classical Latin and might be willing to help with these texts, your assistance would be greatly appreciated.

* ''[[:la:Foenix|Foenix]] by [[w:en:Peter of Ravenna|Peter of Ravenna]]'' (1491)
* ''[[:la:Congestorium Artificiose Memorie|Congestorium Artificiose Memorie]]'' by Johann Horst von Romberch (1533)

[[File:Johann Romberch, Congestorium artificiose... Wellcome L0032259.jpg|150px]][[File:Johann Romberch, Congestorium artificiose... Wellcome L0032269.jpg|150px]]

Here is a discussion form on it 

https://forum.artofmemory.com/t/johannes-romberchs-congestorium-artificiose-memorie/30174

Warm regards [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 23:15, 13 Iunii 2025 (UTC)

:Hi there, I could help proofing texts you have prepared perhaps? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:57, 14 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:: Thanks for offering—I’d really appreciate your help with proofreading.
:: We have two books. Which one would you like to start with?
::*[[Liber:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf]]
::*[[Liber:Congestorium artificiose memorie ... - V.P.F. Joa(n)nis Romberch de Kyrspe. Regularis obseruantie predicatorie- (IA hin-wel-all-00002875-001).pdf]]
::[[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 21:49, 14 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::I can do the pages you have put into the first, as a start for you. BTW the transcribed text does not always look like it originated from the source. It is very correct, but some has different orthography and missed certain parts. That is fine of course if we are correcting to the original. (PS: you might want to create a user account so that you can be notified of replies, hide your IP address, etc). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:57, 15 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::I had a go at the first page or two; some of the orthography was removed while other parts were kept. I kept all of it as a first go. See the discussion above about how we treat orthography, hopefully we can address this with templates. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:11, 15 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::I'm using Google OCR and some AI tools to pull out text and sometimes translate it into English so I can understand it. If anyone could help me proofread or check it, I’d be super grateful! [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 00:50, 17 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
:::::I have added all the templates we need for the special characters / orthography, I will start doing the pages with those. The end result will be that on the main space ebook pages, the chars will toggle on and off, at least once that is properly implemented. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 19:25, 17 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
::::::Noted, sounds good. I’ll try adding to the other pages next time. [[Specialis:Conlationes/82.167.147.5|82.167.147.5]] 22:10, 17 Iunii 2025 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 - Call for Candidates&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;
Hello all,

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|call for candidates for the 2025 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection is now open]] from June 17, 2025 – July 2, 2025 at 11:59 UTC [1]. The Board of Trustees oversees the Wikimedia Foundation's work, and each Trustee serves a three-year term [2]. This is a volunteer position.

This year, the Wikimedia community will vote in late August through September 2025 to fill two (2) seats on the Foundation Board. Could you – or someone you know – be a good fit to join the Wikimedia Foundation's Board of Trustees? [3]

Learn more about what it takes to stand for these leadership positions and how to submit your candidacy on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidate application|this Meta-wiki page]] or encourage someone else to run in this year's election.

Best regards,

Abhishek Suryawanshi&lt;br /&gt;
Chair of the Elections Committee

On behalf of the Elections Committee and Governance Committee

[1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Call_for_candidates

[2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Bylaws#(B)_Term.

[3] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Resources_for_candidates&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 17:44, 17 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
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== [[De Principe]] ==

Si vis, quaeso, me adiuva ut liber novus ''[[De Principe]]'' correctus sit et erroribus liber. Nuper completus, ab aliquo alio corrigendus est. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 18:14, 27 Iunii 2025 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Sister Projects Task Force reviews Wikispore and Wikinews&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
Dear Wikimedia Community,

The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee (CAC)]]  of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees assigned [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force|the Sister Projects Task Force (SPTF)]] to update and implement a procedure for assessing the lifecycle of Sister Projects – wiki [[m:Wikimedia projects|projects supported by Wikimedia Foundation (WMF)]].

A vision of relevant, accessible, and impactful free knowledge has always guided the Wikimedia Movement. As the ecosystem of Wikimedia projects continues to evolve, it is crucial that we periodically review existing projects to ensure they still align with our goals and community capacity.

Despite their noble intent, some projects may no longer effectively serve their original purpose. '''Reviewing such projects is not about giving up – it's about responsible stewardship of shared resources'''. Volunteer time, staff support, infrastructure, and community attention are finite, and the non-technical costs tend to grow significantly as our ecosystem has entered a different age of the internet than the one we were founded in. Supporting inactive projects or projects that didn't meet our ambitions can unintentionally divert these resources from areas with more potential impact.

Moreover, maintaining projects that no longer reflect the quality and reliability of the Wikimedia name stands for, involves a reputational risk. An abandoned or less reliable project affects trust in the Wikimedia movement.

Lastly, '''failing to sunset or reimagine projects that are no longer working can make it much harder to start new ones'''. When the community feels bound to every past decision – no matter how outdated – we risk stagnation. A healthy ecosystem must allow for evolution, adaptation, and, when necessary, letting go. If we create the expectation that every project must exist indefinitely, we limit our ability to experiment and innovate.

Because of this, SPTF reviewed two requests concerning the lifecycle of the Sister Projects to work through and demonstrate the review process. We chose Wikispore as a case study for a possible new Sister Project opening and Wikinews as a case study for a review of an existing project. Preliminary findings were discussed with the CAC, and a community consultation on both proposals was recommended.

=== Wikispore ===

The [[m:Wikispore|application to consider Wikispore]] was submitted in 2019. SPTF decided to review this request in more depth because rather than being concentrated on a specific topic, as most of the proposals for the new Sister Projects are, Wikispore has the potential to nurture multiple start-up Sister Projects.

After careful consideration, the SPTF has decided '''not to recommend''' Wikispore as a Wikimedia Sister Project. Considering the current activity level, the current arrangement allows '''better flexibility''' and experimentation while WMF provides core infrastructural support. 

We acknowledge the initiative's potential and seek community input on what would constitute a sufficient level of activity and engagement to reconsider its status in the future.

As part of the process, we shared the decision with the Wikispore community and invited one of its leaders, Pharos, to an SPTF meeting.

Currently, we especially invite feedback on measurable criteria indicating the project's readiness, such as contributor numbers, content volume, and sustained community support. This would clarify the criteria sufficient for opening a new Sister Project, including possible future Wikispore re-application. However, the numbers will always be a guide because any number can be gamed.

=== Wikinews ===

We chose to review Wikinews among existing Sister Projects because it is the one for which we have observed the highest level of concern in multiple ways.

Since the SPTF was convened in 2023, its members have asked for the community's opinions during conferences and community calls about Sister Projects that did not fulfil their promise in the Wikimedia movement.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WCNA_2024._Sister_Projects_-_opening%3F_closing%3F_merging%3F_splitting%3F.pdf &lt;nowiki&gt;[1]&lt;/nowiki&gt;][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee/Sister_Projects_Task_Force#Wikimania_2023_session_%22Sister_Projects:_past,_present_and_the_glorious_future%22 &lt;nowiki&gt;[2]&lt;/nowiki&gt;][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F &lt;nowiki&gt;[3]&lt;/nowiki&gt;] Wikinews was the leading candidate for an evaluation because people from multiple language communities proposed it. Additionally, by most measures, it is the least active Sister Project, with the greatest drop in activity over the years.

While the Language Committee routinely opens and closes language versions of the Sister Projects in small languages, there has never been a valid proposal to close Wikipedia in major languages or any project in English. This is not true for Wikinews, where there was a proposal to close English Wikinews, which gained some traction but did not result in any action[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_closing_projects/Closure_of_English_Wikinews &lt;nowiki&gt;[4]&lt;/nowiki&gt;][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F &lt;nowiki&gt;[5]&lt;/nowiki&gt;, see section 5] as well as a draft proposal to close all languages of Wikinews[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Proposals_for_closing_projects/Archive_2#Close_Wikinews_completely,_all_languages? &lt;nowiki&gt;[6]&lt;/nowiki&gt;].

[[:c:File:Sister Projects Taskforce Wikinews review 2024.pdf|Initial metrics]] compiled by WMF staff also support the community's concerns about Wikinews.

Based on this report, SPTF recommends a community reevaluation of Wikinews. We conclude that its current structure and activity levels are the lowest among the existing sister projects. SPTF also recommends pausing the opening of new language editions while the consultation runs.

SPTF brings this analysis to a discussion and welcomes discussions of alternative outcomes, including potential restructuring efforts or integration with other Wikimedia initiatives.

'''Options''' mentioned so far (which might be applied to just low-activity languages or all languages) include but are not limited to:
*Restructure how Wikinews works and is linked to other current events efforts on the projects,
*Merge the content of Wikinews into the relevant language Wikipedias, possibly in a new namespace,
*Merge content into compatibly licensed external projects,
*Archive Wikinews projects.
Your insights and perspectives are invaluable in shaping the future of these projects. We encourage all interested community members to share their thoughts on the relevant discussion pages or through other designated feedback channels.

=== Feedback and next steps ===

We'd be grateful if you want to take part in a conversation on the future of these projects and the review process. We are setting up two different project pages: [[m:Public consultation about Wikispore|Public consultation about Wikispore]] and [[m:Public consultation about Wikinews|Public consultation about Wikinews]]. Please participate between 27 June 2025 and 27 July 2025, after which we will summarize the discussion to move forward. You can write in your own language.

I will also host a community conversation 16th July Wednesday 11.00 UTC and 17th July Thursday 17.00 UTC (call links to follow shortly) and will be around at Wikimania for more discussions. 
&lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Victoria|Victoria]] on behalf of the Sister Project Task Force, 20:57, 27 Iunii 2025 (UTC)
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== Latin incunabula and other early books ==

Expanding a bit on what I mentioned above, re character toggling, and also working on the books [[Foenix]] and [[Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae]]
* the Transkribus Latin Incunabula scan does a great job on the heavy gothic style print
* I will see how it does with more Garamond-style texts, in case it works with these
* I have developed a fairly full set of templates for scribal characters, see [[:Categoria:Formulae litterarum]]
* I am thinking about using a bot to wholesale search and replace long s, and other scribal characters mapped there
Between these things, the work to transcribe and correct early printed Latin books should be very much reduced. If anyone feels like helping test this out, do give me shout. Meantime I will run tests on Congestorium Artificiosae Memoriae to check how well the bot system works. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:50, 1 Iulii 2025 (UTC)

:The folks at Wikisource helped create a JS solution for this, see [[Usor:JimKillock/incunabula.js]]. The script does a search and replace for what is needed, on the '''first save of a new book page'''; these are the settings for the Incunabula style section of [[Liber:Foenix. Domini Petri Ravennatis memoriae magistri - (Petrus) (IA hin-wel-all-00002799-001).pdf|this scan, p 52 onwards]]  for [[Congestorium Artificiose Memorie]]. It seems to work very well and is extremely labour saving! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 22:59, 1 Iulii 2025 (UTC)

== Navigation and validation ==

Hi there, 

I would like to do some work on navigation, to provide some &quot;portal&quot; pages similar to EN Wikisource. For example, this would help with learner texts a lot 9I often get asked how to find these texts, I point to the category pages, but these are very basic.

I would also like to know what we should do about page validation. Some really necessary changes are currently languishing in the backlog. This is an admin only task: should we asking for more administrators, or is this something existing admins here can take on? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 14:08, 13 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
:Hi {{U|JimKillock}} good idea, don't hesitate to start and/or ask for help. That said, I'm not sure to see why this is an admin task (even if, yes, the underlying point is true, we need more admins). Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 09:31, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] I think the Portal namespace and some modules need setting up which require admin permissions, I will dig a bit further and come back to you. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 20:01, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

== Wikidata Item and Property labels soon displayed in Wiki Watchlist/Recent Changes ==

''(Apologies for posting in English, you can help by translating into your language)''

Hello everyone, the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team is excited to announce an upcoming change in how Wikidata edit changelogs are displayed in your [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlists]] and [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] lists. If an edit is made on Wikidata that affects a page in another Wikimedia Project, the changelog will contain some information about the nature of the edit. This can include a QID (or Q-number), a PID (or P-number) and a value (which can be text, numbers, dates, or also QID or PID’s). Confused by these terms? See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Glossary|Wikidata:Glossary]] for further explanations.

The upcoming change is scheduled for '''17.07.2025''', between '''1300 - 1500 UTC'''.
The change will display the label (item name) alongside any QID or PIDs, as seen in the image below:
[[File:Apr10 edit summary on Wikidata.png|An edit sum entry on Wikidata, labels display alongside their P- and Q-no.'s]]

These changes will only be visible if you have Wikidata edits enabled in your User Preferences for Watchlists and Recent Changes, or have the active filter ‘Wikidata edits’ checkbox toggled on, directly on the Watchlist and Recent Changes pages.

Your bot and gadget may be affected! There are thousands of bots, gadgets and user-scripts and whilst we have researched potential effects to many of them, we cannot guarantee there won’t be some that are broken or affected by this change.

Further information and context about this change, including how your bot may be affected can be found on this [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|project task page]]. We welcome your questions and feedback, please write to us on this dedicated [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Talk page]].

Thank you, - [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] on behalf of the Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects Team. [[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 12:46, 14 Iulii 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;  Upcoming Deployment of the CampaignEvents Extension&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
Hello everyone,  

''(Apologies for posting in English if English is not your first language. Please help translate to your language.)''

The Campaigns Product Team is planning a global deployment of the '''[[:mw:Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]]''' to all Wikisource, including this Wikisource, during the '''week of August 25th'''.

This extension is designed to help organizers plan and manage events, WikiProjects, and other on-wiki collaborations - and to make these efforts more discoverable.

The three main features of this extension are:

* '''[[:m:Event_Center/Registration|Event Registration]]''': A simple way to sign up for events on the wiki.
*  '''[[:m:CampaignEvents/Collaboration_list|Collaboration List]]''': A global list of events and a local list of WikiProjects, accessible at '''[[:m:Special:AllEvents|Special:AllEvents]]'''.
*  '''[[:m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Invitation_list|Invitation Lists]]''': A tool to help organizers find editors who might want to join, based on their past contributions.

'''Note''': The extension comes with a new user right called '''&quot;Event Organizer&quot;''', which will be managed by administrators on this Wikisource. Organizer tools like Event Registration and Invitation Lists will only work if someone is granted this right. The Collaboration List is available to everyone immediately after deployment.

The extension is already live on several wikis, including '''all Wikipedia, Meta, Wikidata''', and more ( [[m:CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#Current_Deployment_Status_for_CampaignEvents_extension| See the full deployment list]])

If you have any questions, concerns, or feedback, please feel free to share them on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents| extension talkpage]]. We’d love to hear from you before the rollout.

Thank you! &lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:Udehb-WMF|Udehb-WMF]] ([[User talk:Udehb-WMF|disputatio]]) 15:40, 31 Iulii 2025 (UTC)&lt;/bdi&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Temporary accounts will be rolled out soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;body&quot;/&gt;
Hello, we are the Wikimedia Foundation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]] team. We would like to announce that '''we plan to enable [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] for this wiki in the week of September 1'''.

Temporary accounts are successfully live on 30 wikis, including many large ones like German, Japanese, and French. The change they bring is especially relevant to logged-out editors, who this feature is designed to protect. But it is also relevant to community members like mentors, patrollers, and admins – anyone who reverts edits, blocks users, or otherwise interacts with logged-out editors as part of keeping the wikis safe and accurate. 

'''Why we are building temporary accounts'''

Our wikis should be safer to edit by default for logged-out editors. Temporary accounts allow people to continue editing the wikis without creating an account, while avoiding publicly tying their edits to their IP address. We believe this is in the best interest of our logged-out editors, who make valuable contributions to the wikis and who may later create accounts and grow our community of editors, admins, and other roles. Even though the wikis do warn logged-out editors that their IP address will be associated with their edit, many people may not understand what an IP address is, or that it could be used to connect them to other information about them in ways they might not expect. 

Additionally, our moderation software and tools rely too heavily on network origin (IP addresses) to identify users and patterns of activity, especially as IP addresses themselves are becoming less stable as identifiers. Temporary accounts allow for more precise interactions with logged-out editors, including more precise blocks, and can help limit how often we unintentionally end up blocking good-faith users who use the same IP addresses as bad-faith users.

'''How temporary accounts work'''
[[File:Temporary account banner and empty talk page.png|thumb]]
Any time a logged-out user publishes an edit on this wiki, a cookie will be set in this user's browser, and a temporary account tied with this cookie will be automatically created. This account's name will follow the pattern: &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;~2025-12345-67&lt;/code&gt; (a tilde, current year, a number). On pages like Recent Changes or page history, this name will be displayed. The cookie will expire 90 days after its creation. As long as it exists, all edits made from this device will be attributed to this temporary account. It will be the same account even if the IP address changes, unless the user clears their cookies or uses a different device or web browser. A record of the IP address used at the time of each edit will be stored for 90 days after the edit. However, only some logged-in users will be able to see it.

'''What does this mean for different groups of users?'''

'''For logged-out editors'''

* This increases privacy: currently, if you do not use a registered account to edit, then everybody can see the IP address for the edits you made, even after 90 days. That will no longer be possible on this wiki.
* If you use a temporary account to edit from different locations in the last 90 days (for example at home and at a coffee shop), the edit history and the IP addresses for all those locations will now be recorded together, for the same temporary account. Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the relevant requirements]] will be able to view this data. If this creates any personal security concerns for you, please contact talktohumanrights at wikimedia.org for advice.

'''For community members interacting with logged-out editors'''

* A temporary account is uniquely linked to a device. In comparison, an IP address can be shared with different devices and people (for example, different people at school or at work might have the same IP address).
* Compared to the current situation, it will be safer to assume that a temporary user's talk page belongs to only one person, and messages left there will be read by them. As you can see in the screenshot, temporary account users will receive notifications. It will also be possible to thank them for their edits, ping them in discussions, and invite them to get more involved in the community.

'''For users who use IP address data to moderate and maintain the wiki'''

* '''For patrollers''' who track persistent abusers, investigate violations of policies, etc.: Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the requirements]] will be able to reveal temporary users' IP addresses and all contributions made by temporary accounts from a specific IP address or range ([[Special:IPContributions]]). They will also have access to useful information about the IP addresses thanks to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|IP Info]] feature. Many other pieces of software have been built or adjusted to work with temporary accounts, including AbuseFilter, global blocks, Global User Contributions, and more. (For information for volunteer developers on how to update the code of your tools – see the last part of the message.)
* '''For admins blocking logged-out editors''':
** It will be possible to block many abusers by just blocking their temporary accounts. A blocked person won't be able to create new temporary accounts quickly if the admin selects the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|autoblock]] option.
** It will still be possible to block an IP address or IP range.
* Temporary accounts will not be retroactively applied to contributions made before the deployment. On Special:Contributions, you will be able to see existing IP user contributions, but not new contributions made by temporary accounts on that IP address. Instead, you should use Special:IPContributions for this.

'''Our requests for you, and next steps'''

* If you know of any tools, bots, gadgets etc. using data about IP addresses or being available for logged-out users, you may want to test if they work on [[testwiki:Main_Page|testwiki]] or [[test2wiki:Main_Page|test2wiki]]. If you are a volunteer developer, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|read our documentation for developers]], and in particular, the section on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers#How should I update my code?|how your code might need to be updated]].
* If you want to test the temporary account experience, for example just to check what it feels like, go to testwiki or test2wiki and edit without logging in.
* Tell us if you know of any difficulties that need to be addressed. We will try to help, and if we are not able, we will consider the available options.
* Look at our [[m:Meta:Babel#Temporary_Accounts:_access_to_IP_addresses_and_next_steps|previous message]] about requirements for users without extended rights who may need access to IP addresses.

To learn more about the project, check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/FAQ|our FAQ]] – you will find many useful answers there. You may also [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|look at the updates]] (we have just posted one) and [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|subscribe to our new newsletter]]. If you'd like to talk to me (Szymon) off-wiki, you will find me on Discord and Telegram. Thank you!&lt;section end=&quot;body&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:user:NKohli (WMF)|NKohli (WMF)]], [[m:user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:36, 26 Augusti 2025 (UTC)
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== All pages in Athanasius Kircher - Turris Babel - 1679 are in Categoria:Formulae ==

I was looking for templates/formulae by looking at &lt;nowiki&gt;[[Categoria:Formulae]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;

All pages in [[Liber:Athanasius Kircher - Turris Babel - 1679.djvu]] are in &lt;nowiki&gt;[[Categoria:Formulae]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;

Many (all?) pages in [[Liber:Gallia Christiana, 1715, T1.djvu]] are in &lt;nowiki&gt;[[Categoria:Formulae]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;, like article [[Gallia Christiana 1715 01/Epistola2]]

These all use [[Formula:Sidenotes begin]]. There is one &quot;[https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Formula:Sidenotes_begin&amp;oldid=79709&amp;diff=cur pending change]&quot; on this template. But that change puts the category outside the noinclude.
::&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
::&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Categoria:Formulae]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;

Please either reject the change or move the categoria line. [[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 04:17, 31 Augusti 2025 (UTC)

:Hi @[[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]], I don't think anyone from the admins is monitoring or actioning pending changes currently. (see discussions re admin queues above.) [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 05:29, 31 Augusti 2025 (UTC)
::{{ping|Shenme}} {{done}} I excluded the categories. {{ping|JimKillock}} no blame but be careful next time, categories should always be excluded. Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 09:28, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::{{ping|VIGNERON}} It wasn't @JimKillock who made [https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Formula:Sidenotes_begin&amp;diff=next&amp;oldid=79709 the problematic change], but someone else [[Usor:Ceciliawolf]]. I noticed the problem, he included the problem a list that got your attention. [[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 02:46, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::{{ping|Shenme}} yes, but [[Special:Diff/236794]]. Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 06:57, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

== Request for admin status ==

Hi all, given that we have quite a lot of admin requests (mostly relating to &quot;pending&quot; changes), I would like to request administrator status so that some of these can be cleared. If anyone else wants to step up to help out, that would also be welcome. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 17:23, 1 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

:Ping to @[[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]], @[[Usor:Ousia|Ousia]] @[[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]]:, @[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]]:, @[[Usor:Candalua|Candalua]]:  in case you feel able to support my request. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:57, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::Hi {{U|JimKillock}},
::I apparently missed it, where do we have « a lot of admin requests » ?
::That said, one more admin is always good, so create the request and I'll support it.
::Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 07:34, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::Hi @[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]], 
:::Thank you! On the admin requests, on this page, here are these
:::* [[#All pages in Athanasius Kircher - Turris Babel - 1679 are in Categoria:Formulae]]
:::* [[#It would be nice to have automatic headers for the Liber: namespace]] (which you have replied to)
:::* [[#Navigation and validation]]
:::* [[#Administrator backlog?]]
:::* [[#Toggling special characters such as ſ (long s)]] (altho this has been worked around and may not be needed)
:::Most of these relate to the ''Pending changes'' backlog in various ways; two are requests for new features / modules to be ported across. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:01, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::{{ping|JimKillock}} thanks, I see. It doesn't look like a lot to me, I'll try to deal with it today. Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 09:27, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::Thank you @[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] :) You could also take a look at the pending changes on [[Formula:Pagina_prima/Novae_Aetatis]] and [[Moriae encomium]]. The really big job is going through [[Specialis:PendingChanges|pending changes]] altogether - I understand there is a five year backlog. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:36, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::I see... I had a quick look and all changes seem good. Do we even need this extension on Wikisource? Also, if we keep it, I guess we need more reviewers rather than admins (more admins would be useful too, but that's a separate point). Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 10:35, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::Of course, the request needs to be supported; without active administrators it is very inconvenient. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 12:21, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::What do you need us to do? BTW, it would be great to know why edits require administrator approvals. Sorry, but I‘m afraid this makes contributing almost pointless. Many thanks for your help, --[[Usor:Ousia|Ousia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ousia|disputatio]]) 14:15, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::So there are two reasons it would be helpful for me to be an admin; one is if we carry on with the approval system (it looks like we will not) and the other is around updating or adding certain components, modules for example. There may be other tasks I am not aware of that I could help with, but these are the ones I know about. Implementing Portal pages for example needs some work by an admin AIUI.
:::@[[Usor:Ousia|Ousia]] your question re edits needing approval is [[#Do_we_need_to_approve_changes_to_pages|addressed below, here]]. 
:::In terms of what you / others need to do, it seems that if there is a consensus to allow me administrator permissions, then a bueaucrat user would implement it (I mistakenly opening a request at meta, and they referred me back here); so we just need to have your views, yes, no, maybe, etc. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 17:01, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::The page [[Vicifons:Magistratus]], intended for promotion, seems to be protected; I couldn't edit it (''petitio grapheocrat'''ae''''') and add a category ([[:Categoria:Usores]]). [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 20:23, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::Thanks, it seems editable now so I [[Vicifons:Magistratus#Petitio_magistratus|added my request there]], if anyone wants to support it. Regarding ''grapheocrates -ae'', how is this declined? Is it otherwise treated as a masculine first declension? Thinking it ought to be added to Wiktionary as it is missing from there. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 17:00, 4 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::This is [https://archive.org/details/calepinusnovus2002/calepinusnovus2002-french-latin/page/n23/mode/1up?q=grapheocrates from Licoppe and Eichenseer]. Yes, this can be added to Wiktionary, I have no experience editing there. Thanks for the corrections, today the system let me in, but yesterday for some unknown reason it didn’t let me in. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 20:53, 4 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::Thank you and no problem. I can add to Wiktionary I hope; is the plural therefore ''grapheocratae''; and is the singular ''grapheocrates'' or ''grapheocrata''? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:14, 5 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::::::Yes, of course. They took the Modern Greek word γραφειοκράτης. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 21:41, 5 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::Great, after a bit of struggle that is at [[:en:wiktionary:grapheocrates]] and  [[:la:wiktionary:grapheocrates]] [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:43, 7 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

== It would be nice to have automatic headers for the Liber: namespace ==

It would require someone with interface admin status to create [[MediaWiki:Proofreadpage index data config.json]] to replace the current index form parameters ([[MediaWiki:Proofreadpage index attributes|very old system]]) with special care to not mass delete information by unadvertedly changing some parameter's name. [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/MediaWiki:Proofreadpage_index_data_config.json Example from the English Wikisource]. If someone wants to help, please contact me. Regards! [[Usor:Ignacio Rodríguez|Ignacio Rodríguez]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ignacio Rodríguez|disputatio]]) 02:10, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

:Hi @[[Usor:Ignacio Rodríguez|Ignacio Rodríguez]], potentially - if I have admin status :) [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:54, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::{{ping|Ignacio Rodríguez}} I did a test (by copy-pasting the English page), it works, so no need to be interface admin, being admin is enough.
::I only half understand that paramater page, could you give me the actual content expected ?
::Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 07:38, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:::I don't remember all the details but I worked on that page in the Spanish Wikisource almost a decade ago. I'll make a mockup in the talk page, but I can't promise to get all the Latin words right. For ease, parameter names and help tooltips will be in English internally, but they will show in Latin in the form. [[Usor:Ignacio Rodríguez|Ignacio Rodríguez]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ignacio Rodríguez|disputatio]]) 16:56, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::::This was added and it now works perfectly. Thanks! [[Usor:Ignacio Rodríguez|Ignacio Rodríguez]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ignacio Rodríguez|disputatio]]) 16:25, 5 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

== Do we need to approve changes to pages ==

Hi all,

Moving the discussion regarding the backlog at [[Specialis:PendingChanges]]: @[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] asks whether we need to have this feature. I suspect it was switched on because of spam, vandalism, or some other similar issue. Without it we might need to be keeping an eye on recent changes. I am not sure how the proteccted changes permissions works, or whether permissions to make approvals to changes can be delegated more widely. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 19:56, 2 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

:Changes to pages affecting project *function* must be controlled. But it seems that Pending Changes doesn't actually stop changes to something like a template/formula from having effect? See my report about &lt;nowiki&gt;Formula:Sidenotes begin&lt;/nowiki&gt; above.
:And checking a couple of the other initial items in [[Specialis:PendingChanges]], it seems that all pending changes are actually immediately applied to active, visible pages.
:So Pending Changes &lt;u&gt;does not prevent damage&lt;/u&gt; to the project. It is &lt;u&gt;merely a tracking and notification method?&lt;/u&gt;
:That can be useful, but requires a set of people to be change reviewers. And changes to subject matter would seem to require reviewers knowledgeable about the subject? 
:And when changes affect *function*, like templates, who can review and approve those? I'd think only admins.
:The link to monitoring Recent Changes is undeniable. I monitor Recent Changes often at Spanish Wikisource because I've seen the random damage people can do. That is the only way to react quickly to damage. (?) But then that assumes people are checking lists frequently, at least daily. 
:Neither Pending Changes or monitoring Recent Changes prevent damage. They can be only part of a solution to damage. I don't know what to think about Pending Changes ''in isolation''. [[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 03:48, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::{{ping|JimKillock|Shenme}} I've got mainly two points :
::* vandlism is low to inexistant on la.ws (and it's already low on most Wikisources), making this extension useless and even problematic. Because it doesn't prevent changes but it prevents them to be effective.
::** Apparently the reason to install is [[Vicifons:Scriptorium/Vetera_VII#protection_of_completed_works_-_Flagged_Revisions_as_an_alternative?]]
::* this extension is actually caleld [[mw:Extension:FlaggedRevs]] and it's deprecated for years (see [[Vicifons:Scriptorium/Vetera_XI#Futrue_of_FlaggedRevs_(Pending_Changes)_extension]] or the warning on the extension itself « Flagged Revisions is complex, poorly documented, very clunky, and not recommended for production use »). Also, people on Wikisource don't seem to really master or even using it (including the reviewers rights). Maybe it's aan opportunity to list exactly what we need and find a new extension that fit these needs.
::In the end, I see a lot of cons and only a few pros...
::Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 07:35, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:I haven't seen any vandalism here in years. But if you fix the errors, the &quot;Pending Changes&quot; status means that the fixes will only be visible to registered users. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 12:10, 3 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
:{{ping|JimKillock|Shenme}} many thanks for your replies. I must admit that I’m an occasional Wikisource (or even Wikipedia contributor). I essentially (or exclusively) contribute corrections.
:Some days ago, I wanted to download an ePub file for the [[Noctes Atticae]] (to do some regexp searches), but the export was wrong. I tried to modify the code (which I have done successfully for the Greek Wikisource many times) and I found out that I needed a ''nihil obstat'' (I’m afraid this would be way to name it).
:Of course, I’m the least interested in vandalism (either contributing it myself, or being any collaborative project being infested/polluted by it). But I think there should be a way of distinguishing between vandalism and non-hardcore (or occasional) contributors.
:I don’t know any perfect system, but it should be worth considering a mixed approach. Approval could be required for: already flagged users (for vandalism) and recent users (how about a five-year publishing embargo?).
:Only to mention a case, my [https://el.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Συμπόσιον_(Πλάτων)&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=49677 first contribution to the Greek Wiksource] was in 2012. I don’t know for how long I have been registered in Wikimedia (I guess this was before 2010).
:This isn’t about myself, the issue here is that Wikisource needs contributions to even exist (not to mention for its growth). If no regular user is allowed to contribute without approval, cooperation is basically non-existing.
:Even with approval, the reply times are incredibly slow (because of the system). It is not that attention spans are getting shorter, time is the most scarce resource we all are (and I don’t have weeks or months to see whether I’m allowed to have [[Noctes Atticae]] as ePub).
:Sorry, the sentence in parentheses isn’t a complaint. Please, do as you please, but my contribution is: consider that you might be making contributions way harder, project growth way slower and administrators’ roles way more complicated (probably, than they could and should be).
:Many thanks for your help and your project, --[[Usor:Ousia|Ousia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ousia|disputatio]]) 17:15, 4 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] I think there is consensus we can switch this off. Let me know if I can help in any way if you think it's time to switch it off. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 18:25, 4 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::{{ping|JimKillock}} thanks for the reminder and agreed for removal, so I created a task on Phabricator here : [[Phab:T406424]]. Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 09:42, 5 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
::::Thanks for filing this @[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] , the Wikimedia tech team seem to have finished their work on this now! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:16, 18 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

== Index page error &quot;Error: Invalid interval&quot; ==

I am getting an error: at [[:Liber:Nos in schola latine loquimur - Ars latine loquendi.pdf]] &quot;Error: Invalid interval&quot; for the paginae listing; even when set to &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;pagelist 1=1 /&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. Any clues appreciated! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 16:48, 5 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

:This might be the infamous &quot;0x0 bug&quot; that has plagued Wikisource for two? three? years. Normally it resolves doing a purge in both the file page in Commons and in the local Wikisource. [[Usor:Ignacio Rodríguez|Ignacio Rodríguez]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Ignacio Rodríguez|disputatio]]) 19:34, 5 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
::Thanks, that seems to b working now. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 07:53, 6 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Server switch - Your wiki will be read-only for a short time soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster.

All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2025-09-24|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2025-09-24T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2025-09-24T15:00}}]'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. 
You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&amp;task=view&amp;language=&amp;filter=&amp;action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text.

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-09-24|en}}.
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

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* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.

This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. 

'''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;
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&lt;span dir=ltr&gt;[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])&lt;/span&gt; 15:42, 18 Septembris 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Have your say: vote for the 2025 Board of Trustees&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Hello all,

The voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|2025 Board of Trustees election]] is now open. Candidates are running for two (2) seats on the Board.

To check your voter eligibility, please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Voter eligibility guidelines|voter eligibility page]].

Learn more about them by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidates|reading their application statements and watch their candidacy videos]].

When you are ready, go to the [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/405|SecurePoll voting page to vote]].

'''The vote is open from October 8 at 00:00 UTC to October 22 at 23:59 UTC.'''

Best regards,

Abhishek Suryawanshi&lt;br /&gt;Chair, Elections Committee&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 04:49, 9 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
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== Quaestio de Archibaldi Pitcarnii scriptoris operum recensione ==

Quaeso ut videatis [[:en:Author talk:Archibald Pitcairne|Author talk:Archibald Pitcairne]] pro indicio operum Archibaldi Pitcarnii auctoris. Haec opera olim sub pagina Anglica erant posita, sed propter Latinam linguam sublata sunt. Possumusne paginam [[Scriptor:Archibaldus Pitcarnius]](?) creare et haec ibi recensere? [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-27371-40|&amp;#126;2025-27371-40]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-27371-40|talk]]) 20:45, 19 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

:Libenter tibi pagina scriptoris addetur, ut opera transcriptioni adiungantur! [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:36, 20 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

::Gratias ago! Nota quaeso quod, ubi pagina creata erit, eam etiam in Vicidata addendam esse, sicut Anglica pagina [[:en:Author:Archibald Pitcairne]]. --[[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-27371-40|&amp;#126;2025-27371-40]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-27371-40|talk]]) 08:50, 20 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
:::Certe, nexus Vicidata ad alias paginas de Archibaldo creandus est. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:07, 20 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;function1&quot;/&gt;
{{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki that will enable users to combine functions from [[:f:|Wikifunctions]] and data from Wikidata in order to generate natural language sentences in any supported languages. These sentences can then be used by any Wikipedia (or elsewhere).

There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with votes beginning on 20 October and 17 November 2025. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on mid-December 2025. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki.
{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
&lt;section end=&quot;function1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

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== Missal transcription: ℣ and ℟ , and ✠  ==

Hi there, @[[Usor:Laura1822|Laura1822]] is transcribing [[Liber:Missale Romanum 1862.djvu]], and needs the characters ℣ and ℟ , and ✠ to display for users, when these are in mainspace. We think it may be necessary to use a special / embedded font to do this, as I think was meant for &lt;nowiki&gt;{{blackletter}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ({{blackletter|exempli gratia}}; see [[Formula:Blackletter/styles.css]], although this does not seem to be calling a font at the moment). Does anyone have any advice about how we would add a webfont to LAWS's CSS, particularly for ℣ and ℟ ; or if there is a way to use an existing webfont with these characters that might be available to us? (Or if there is some other workable solution). [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:58, 24 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

== Vandalismus ==

Vidi nuper nonnihil vandalismi, qualis in [https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Veni,_Veni_Emmanuel!&amp;curid=12961&amp;diff=244803&amp;oldid=244791 hoc] et [https://la.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=The_Old_Testament_(Vulgate)/Hieremias_propheta&amp;action=history illo] apparuit. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:02, 24 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Seeking volunteers to join several of the movement’s committees&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Each year, typically from October through December, several of the movement’s committees seek new volunteers. 

Read more about the committees on their Meta-wiki pages:
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Affiliations Committee (AffCom)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds commission|Ombuds commission (OC)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee (CRC)]]

Applications for the committees open on October 30, 2025. Applications for the Affiliations Committee, Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee close on December 11, 2025. Learn how to apply by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Committee appointments|visiting the appointment page on Meta-wiki]]. Post to the talk page or email cst[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org with any questions you may have.

For the Committee Support team,
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Reminder: Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;function2&quot;/&gt;
{{int:Hello}}. Reminder: Please help to choose name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Abstract Wikipedia, Multilingual Wikipedia, Wikiabstracts, Wikigenerator, Proto-Wiki&lt;/span&gt;. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki.
{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
&lt;section end=&quot;function2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

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== Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 ==

Dear Wikimedia communities,

We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year.

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📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]]

If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs:  
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]]
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We look forward to collaborating with you and your community.


'''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:45, 16 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Annual review of the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines&lt;/span&gt; ==

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&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 9 February 2026. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]].

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
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21:02, 19 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC)
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== Ad magistratus ==

Magistratus venerabiles, potestisne in [[MediaWiki:Edittools|capsam insertionis]] addere haec: &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;poem&gt;+&lt;/poem&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; et &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Versus|+}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;? — Dear admins, сan you add to the [[MediaWiki:Edittools|quick insert toolbar]] &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;poem&gt;+&lt;/poem&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; et &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Versus|+}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;? [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 07:09, 3 Februarii 2026 (UTC)

:@[[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]]: done, sorry for the delay. If you need anything else, please ping me, as I don't normally follow the Scriptorium. [[Usor:Candalua|Candalua]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Candalua|disputatio]]) 07:09, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::Gratias ago maximas! [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 08:51, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)

== Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) ==

Hello everyone,

This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as &lt;code&gt;Module:Itemgroup/list&lt;/code&gt;).

'''The Change:'''&lt;br /&gt;
Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. 

We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''.

'''What You Need To Do:'''&lt;br /&gt;
To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search.

'''Deadline:'''&lt;br /&gt;
We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles.

Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 17:11, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
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== Bot Flag Request for [[{{ns:User}}:SchlurcherBot]] ==

Appologies for posting in English. Also, I could not locate a dedicated page for bot request in {{#language:{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}} {{SITENAME}}, so I am posting here. Please direct me to the correct page if one exists. Thank you.

* '''Bot name''': [[{{ns:User}}:SchlurcherBot]]
* '''Bot operator''': [[commons:User:Schlurcher]]
* '''Bot task''': Automatically convert links from &lt;code&gt;http://&lt;/code&gt; to &lt;code&gt;https://&lt;/code&gt; (secure protocol migration)
* '''Technical details''': Please see [[meta:User:SchlurcherBot]] for full details, including the expected number of affected URLs on {{#language:{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}} {{SITENAME}}.
* '''Bot flags on other projects''': [[meta:Steward_requests/Bot_status/2025-12#Global_bot_status_for_User:SchlurcherBot|Global bot status granted]]. Also flagged on [[w:en:Wikipedia:Bots/Requests for approval/SchlurcherBot|English Wikipedia]], [[w:de:Wikipedia:Bots/Anträge_auf_Botflag/Archiv/2025#2025-02-14_–_SchlurcherBot|German Wikipedia]], [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Bot/Statut/Archive_12#(Traité)_SchlurcherBot|French Wikipedia]], [[w:it:Wikipedia:Bot/Autorizzazioni/Archivio/2025#SchlurcherBot|Italian Wikipedia]], [[w:pl:Wikipedia:Boty/Zgłoszenia/2025#Wikipedysta:SchlurcherBot|Polish Wikipedia]], [[w:pt:Wikipédia:Robôs/Pedidos_de_aprovação/Arquivo/2025#SchlurcherBot|Portuguese Wikipedia]], and [[commons:Commons:Bots/Requests/SchlurcherBot2|Commons]]. For a full list, see: [[sulutil:SchlurcherBot]]
* '''Comment''': The bot is globally approved and active on the top 10 Wikipedia projects. As this wiki has opted out of the global bot policy, I am requesting permission to perform these link updates on {{#language:{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}} {{SITENAME}} as well. Please let me know if a local bot flag can be granted or if you have any questions. Thank you. --[[Usor:Schlurcher|Schlurcher]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Schlurcher|disputatio]]) 07:53, 7 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
:@[[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]], @[[Usor:Candalua|Candalua]], @[[Usor:OrbiliusMagister|OrbiliusMagister]], @[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]]. Please let me know if Bot status can be granted. --[[Usor:Schlurcher|Schlurcher]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Schlurcher|disputatio]]) 06:48, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:Schlurcher|Schlurcher]]: fine for me, if there are no objections I'll grant it. [[Usor:Candalua|Candalua]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Candalua|disputatio]]) 07:03, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:Schlurcher|Schlurcher]] OK for me too. --[[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Alex brollo|disputatio]]) 11:41, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:Schlurcher|Schlurcher]] Fine for me too. This checked conversions from http to https are important. [[Usor:OrbiliusMagister|OrbiliusMagister]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:OrbiliusMagister|disputatio]]) 15:06, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
:::{{Done}} Right granted. @[[Usor:Schlurcher|Schlurcher]], would you tell us something about you second bot called [[Usor:SchlurcherBotT|SchlurcherBotT]], please? - [[Usor:OrbiliusMagister|OrbiliusMagister]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:OrbiliusMagister|disputatio]]) 15:28, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::::@[[Usor:OrbiliusMagister|OrbiliusMagister]] Thanks for granting the flag. SchlurcherBotT is my secondary Bot account on Commons to test new functionality within the scope of the tasks approved of SchlurcherBot. It's approved for that on Commons. As I'm editing on Commons with &gt;100 edits per minute on a continuous basis, it's basically impossible for me to track selected edits otherwise. I'm not intending to use that secondary account outside of Commons. --[[Usor:Schlurcher|Schlurcher]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Schlurcher|disputatio]]) 16:14, 17 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)

== Request for comment (global AI policy) ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}}
A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
[[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 00:58, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
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== Proofing [[Liber:PRAETORIUS, Michael - Syntagma musicum 1.djvu]] ==

If anyone would like to help to do a second proof of [[Liber:PRAETORIUS, Michael - Syntagma musicum 1.djvu]], that would be very welcome! I am helping with this as well. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:01, 12 Maii 2026 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Vote now in the 2026 U4C election&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2026 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|2026 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 2 June 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC].

Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 14 June 2026. -- In cooperation with the U4C,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17:15, 27 Maii 2026 (UTC)
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== Formula:FI ==

{{tl|FI}} is currently broken and ignores the {{para|width}} param. All images are set to the default size, which is usually very large, like in [[Lirica (Ariosto)]]. [[Usor:Trooper57|Trooper57]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Trooper57|disputatio]]) 21:06, 31 Maii 2026 (UTC)

:Thank you, I guess we should check how it is behaving in the Italian wiki(s)? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 08:16, 7 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

== Copyright problem? Appropriate for here? ==

What is going on here?
* [[Scriptor:Coronus_Tenebrosius]]
* [[Contemplationes_Metaphysicae]]
* [[Puteus_Chaosi]]
* [[Usor:Coronus Tenebrosius]]

No statement of copyright. No proof of authorship. paginae vanitatis ? [[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 08:24, 9 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

:Cum iure auctoris problemata non habebimus, si auctor ipse opera exponit. Et si delere consilium capiemus, [[Vicifons:Magistratus#Saumache|magistratus non habemus]], qui hoc faciant. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 11:37, 9 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Salvete.''' '''Nomen meum est Krunoslav Mrkoci, et ''Coronus Tenebrosius'' est interpretatio nominis mei in linguam Latinam, id est identitas mea Latina.''' '''Confirmo me ipsum auctorem esse omnium operum hic editorum. Opera primum Croatice scripta sunt, hic autem in versione Latina proposita.''' '''Praeterea fere omnia opera mea iam antea Croatice edita sunt in forma typographica. Id praesertim ad carmina mea pertinet, quae primum anno 1998 in libello iuvenili edita sunt, deinde in variis commentariis typis impressis, inter quos eminenter numeratur periodicum litterarium, culturalis et scientificum ''Riječi'' (Latine: ''Verba''), quod bis delectum e carminibus meis protulit.''' '''Item magna pars commentationum aliarumque prosarum, quae hic in linguam Latinam conversa sunt, iam antea et typis et forma electronica in Croatia divulgata est.'''  Quaeso ut attendatis ad paginam meam in Wikidata, ubi tam sub nomine Croatico ''Krunoslav Mrkoci'' quam sub nomine Latino ''Coronus Tenebrosius'' ut auctor operum meorum inscriptus sum. Gratias ago pro lectione. '''Coronus Tenebrosius'''.&lt;/blockquote&gt; [[Usor:Coronus Tenebrosius|Coronus Tenebrosius]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Coronus Tenebrosius|disputatio]]) 12:23, 9 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

== Copying some templates from the English Wikisource ==

Hello,

Would someone please be able to help me get [[s:en:Template:ppoem|en:Template:ppoem]], [[s:en:blackletter|en:blackletter]], [[s:en:Template:he|en:Template:he]], and [[s:en:Template:grc|en:Template:grc]] available to use on this Wikisource, so I can utilize them here? For the blackletter, I've tried [[Formula:Gothica|Gothica]], but that doesn't seem to be rendering properly.

Thanks, [[Usor:Erblanchard57|Erblanchard57]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Erblanchard57|disputatio]]) 00:04, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

:@[[Usor:Erblanchard57|Erblanchard57]] I made the shortcut for [[Formula:Graeca]]. You should not need any administror rights to do anything you need, I'll take a look into it. [[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Saumache|disputatio]]) 09:46, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:Blackletter is already here, [[:Formula:Gothica]] [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:57, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::Hi! @[[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]], thanks! Just for clarification, do I need to make the template pages in Latin, or is it alright to copy them in English? Also, @[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]], I mentioned this above, but for some reason, the Gothica template isn't working for me. See [[Pagina:Polygamia Triumphatrix.pdf/15]], for example. Any idea why that might be the case? [[Usor:Erblanchard57|Erblanchard57]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Erblanchard57|disputatio]]) 16:16, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:::@[[Usor:Erblanchard57|Erblanchard57]] This wiki lacks proper guidelines and recommendations, I would prefer if you translated the template's name, e.g., [[Formula:spatium]] rather than [[Formula:spatio]] but given the international nature of the project (nobody's mother tongue is Latin) best practice should be to add translated names as shortcuts/redirects. Beware adding templates that are already on the wiki under a different name ([[Formula:grc]] was already at [[Formula:Graeca]]). I took a quick look and it seems the fonts used by the blackletter template are not installed on the wiki; the same template does not seem to work on the French Wikisource either. [[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Saumache|disputatio]]) 17:40, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::::Maybe we have sufficient powers to add the fonts now? Or we can ask someone with additional permissions to do so. But yes I remember now this has been a long standing problem. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 20:54, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:::[https://yaytext.com/fraktur/ This converter] 𝔠𝔬𝔫𝔳𝔢𝔯𝔱𝔰 𝔩𝔢𝔱𝔱𝔢𝔯𝔰 𝔱𝔬 𝔉𝔯𝔞𝔨𝔱𝔲𝔯 (because it exists in Unicode as separate characters). &lt;s&gt;However, I'm not sure if such text can be found using a regular search.&lt;/s&gt; No, Wikipedia search finds it. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 21:48, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::::I looked into using the converter, but I'm running into the issue of lack of compatibility with {{[[Formula:Ls|Ls]]}}. Would it be better to just wait for the font to be added? Do we have any idea when that will happen/who needs to be contacted for that to happen?
::::Thanks, [[Usor:Erblanchard57|Erblanchard57]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Erblanchard57|disputatio]]) 19:34, 15 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:::::These Unicode characters don't feel right on my labtop, they have heigth issues among other things. I went and asked on two different wikis about the fonts, I will come back to you when I get some answers. [[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Saumache|disputatio]]) 19:41, 15 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:[[Formula:Poema recte formatum]] or [[Formula:Ppoem]] now work, altho there's issues with the documentation page. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 20:52, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::Thank you! [[Usor:Erblanchard57|Erblanchard57]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Erblanchard57|disputatio]]) 21:20, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)


:{{tl|blackletter}} was not working for me, even after locally installing UnifrakturMaguntia from Google fonts, until I restarted my web browser, which also followed my rebooting. Also, it can't be just any gothic/blackletter font, but must be one of these Fraktur fonts: UnifrakturMaguntia UnifrakturCook  Unifraktur. [[Usor:Shenme|Shenme]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shenme|disputatio]]) 21:19, 15 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:{{ping|Demetrius Talpa|JimKillock|Erblanchard57}} Fonts are downloaded locally, you need to go to Modi/Praeferentiae &gt; Proprietates &gt; Sermonis delectus &gt; Plura &gt; Scripturae and toggle &quot;Download fonts when needed&quot;. The option seems not to be that easy to toggle on by default. [[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Saumache|disputatio]]) 10:56, 17 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::Yes, great. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 11:09, 17 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::Thank you very much! [[Usor:Erblanchard57|Erblanchard57]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Erblanchard57|disputatio]]) 15:57, 17 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::English WS seems to pull the font in from a repository. I've copied over the module ULS, css etc, would be good to know if it has made any difference. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 13:26, 18 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:::{{blackletter|fraktur}} etc [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 13:26, 18 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::::@[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] I just deactivated the &quot;download fonts when needed&quot; option for a second to see if it would work without it, and it still doesn't. [[Usor:Erblanchard57|Erblanchard57]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Erblanchard57|disputatio]]) 04:32, 19 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

== RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this message to your language. You are invited to participate in a [[c:Commons:Requests for comment/Policy update for AI content|request for comment on Wikimedia Commons about a policy update for AI content]]. This may affect files that are uploaded to Wikimedia Commons for use on this project. Thank you. [[m:User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[m:User talk:Codename Noreste|disputatio]])&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:12, 23 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Deployment of Legal and Safety Contacts Link in the Footer of Your Wiki&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;Message&quot;/&gt;
'''Legal &amp; Safety Contacts'''

Hello community, the Wikimedia Foundation has provided a [[wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contact Information|single legal and safety contact page]], to be linked in the footer of your wiki, to ensure access to accurate legal information. This is a regulatory requirement. We have already rolled out links to English, German, Italian, Spanish and other wikis and we will deploy to your wiki soon. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contacts_FAQ|Please read more on the project page]] and leave any comments in this thread or on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contacts FAQ|talk page]].

&lt;section end=&quot;Message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:31, 25 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
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== Request for comment (the future of Abstract Wikipedia) ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies if this has not yet been translated into your wiki's language. {{int:Please-translate}}
You are invited to voice your opinions in a [[:m:Requests for comment/The future of Abstract Wikipedia|request for comment about the future of Abstract Wikipedia]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
[[:m:User:Kowal2701|Kowal2701]] ([[:m:User talk:Kowal2701|talk]])  12:25, 24 Iulii 2026 (UTC)
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== De transclusione libri nondum bis perlecti ==

Salvete omnes, I finished the first proofreading pass of Michael Praetorius's [[Liber:PRAETORIUS,_Michael_-_Syntagma_musicum_1.djvu|''Syntagma musicum'' (volume 1)]]. Every page now has the &quot;Proofread&quot; status, except that a few are also &quot;Validated&quot;. I expect it will take quite a while before the whole book gets that second read, if it ever will.

My question: is it already acceptable to transclude the text into the main namespace at this stage, even though most pages are only single-proofread rather than validated? Or is there a convention on this Wikisource that a work should be fully validated before merging onto the mainspace?

Gratias vobis ago pro consiliis vestris. [[Usor:Sakvaka|Sakvaka]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Sakvaka|disputatio]]) 09:16, 25 Iulii 2026 (UTC)

:Of course, this is acceptable; the texts there are of very different quality. Besides, transclusion slightly increases the chances that someone will find it for re-examination. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 20:40, 25 Iulii 2026 (UTC)
::Thank you for confirmation! -- [[Usor:Sakvaka|Sakvaka]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Sakvaka|disputatio]]) 07:02, 26 Iulii 2026 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Migration to Parsoid&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Parsoid Read Views/Read View Announcement|Read this in another language]]&lt;/em&gt;

Hello everyone! I am glad to inform you that as the next step in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, Parsoid will soon be turned on as the default article renderer on your wiki. We are gradually increasing the number of wikis using Parsoid, with the intention of making it the default wikitext parser for MediaWiki's next long-term support release. This will make our wikis more reliable and consistent for editors, readers, and tools to use, as well as making the development of future wikitext features easier.

If this disrupts your workflow, don’t worry! You can still opt out through a user preference or turn Parsoid off on the current page using the Tools submenu, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation.

There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Confidence Framework|more information about our roll-out strategy]] available, including the testing done before we turn on Parsoid for a new wiki.

To report bugs and issues, please look at our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Known Issues|known issues]] documentation and if you found a new bug please create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]].
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[mw:User:MSantos (WMF)|Content Transform Team]] 16:31, 3 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
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== Metamorphoses (Apuleius)/Psyche et Cupido ==
[[Usor:Saumache]] paginam “[[Metamorphoses (Apuleius)/Psyche et Cupido]]” [[Specialis:Diff/86153/253177|ad deletionem celerem proposuit]], sed scriptum mihi videtur ex alia editione ortum esse atque ideo non esse delendum. Pittacium idcirco e pagina detraxi. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 20:50, 9 Augusti 2026 (UTC)

:Nam eaedem quidem editiones sunt, quibusdam minusculis in maiusculas versis litteris formaque apostropharum solum differunt. [[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Saumache|disputatio]]) 21:08, 9 Augusti 2026 (UTC)

== Formula:Littera s longa: on or off by default ==

Hi @[[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] and others, I noticed that [[:Formula:Littera s longa]] has been changed so that &lt;nowiki&gt;{{s}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; produces ſ rather than s by default. This is in contrast to for example English Wikipedia which allows it as a user option, but assumes it is &quot;s&quot; by default. 

For other formulae, eg {{um}}, {{us}}, {{que}}, etc these are &quot;off&quot; by default. Likewise {{ae}}, {{oe}} I believe are off by default currently.

There various ways that this can work, for example:
* we could provide a user switch for either state per symbol, etc (with JS, as per EN.WS)
* we can provide advice about applying fonts, etc, that can set ſ, ae/oe ligatures, etc, through css preferences
* CSS can specify some of this per book (not all ligatures, eg {{que}} can be applied through CSS, and it depends on installed fonts in some cases)
* we ''might'' be able to apply a default javascript switch behaviour per book rather than sitewide

I don't have a massive preference for s over ſ, or ae / oe over or æ / œ ; but we should I think at least allow users to easily switch, especially re ſ if it is the default.

Just throwing it out there for discussion, to see what the general feeling / preference would be. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 16:40, 16 Augusti 2026 (UTC)

:I lacked the rights to have it be toggled on and off through a gadget, we should ask interface administrators to do it, that should be the best way about it. [[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Saumache|disputatio]]) 22:45, 16 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] Take a look to itwikisource gadget &quot;memoRegex&quot;. It allows to save and share nsIntex-specific, customable sets of regex or plain substitutions, and it has been recently refined by @Candalua (a great job!). [[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Alex brollo|disputatio]]) 10:39, 21 Augusti 2026 (UTC)

== Portal pages ==

Hi all, 

I'd like to suggest we create a few &quot;Portal&quot; pages for some key topics, so we can detail what is good and why rather than just provide category pages. There's a need for a page for introductory Latin, for example, which could explain levels of suitability of texts. See also [[#Navigation and validation]] above

To do this, we need community consensus to add a namespace, and then, it is done through a request at Phabricator. The namespace would define what this group of pages were called eg [[Portus:Index]] and also the name of the &quot;Disputatio&quot; (discussion) pages. 

Please let me know if you agree with this proposal or not, so we can demonstrate consensus for the change to be made. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 06:50, 19 Augusti 2026 (UTC)

:cc @[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] @[[Usor:OrbiliusMagister|OrbiliusMagister]]@[[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]] @[[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] @[[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 11:12, 19 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::I consent to the proposal, though I am not sure about the translation 'Portus'. I think that 'Aditus' would better suit this usecase, since from portals users will be able to 'adire' the relevant pages. P.S. Out of curiosity I have checked the dictionary of A. Perugini, and he translates 'portale' as 'porta principalis. [[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:SZC 03|disputatio]]) 16:31, 20 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
:Ok, sure (regardless, the Vicifons namespace could be used meanwhile to do some testing for the content). Cheers, [[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:VIGNERON|disputatio]]) 12:25, 19 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::Ok (even if I'm a inactive admin... :-( ) [[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Alex brollo|disputatio]]) 12:55, 19 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
:::I totatlly agree! - [[Usor:OrbiliusMagister|OrbiliusMagister]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:OrbiliusMagister|disputatio]]) 13:28, 19 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] @[[Usor:OrbiliusMagister|OrbiliusMagister]] @[[Usor:Alex brollo|Alex brollo]] By the way, it would be nice if you could [[Vicifons:Scriptorium#Formula:Littera s longa: on or off by default|check this out]]! [[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Saumache|disputatio]]) 20:53, 20 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
:Wikiversity was originally intended for educational purposes. But a portal can be created here too. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 11:00, 20 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
:@[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] I think it would be best to take inspiration from [[:w:la]], at least for the vocabulary. This would:
:* provide a vocabulary and structure people may be well acquainted with already
:* facilitate our work, not having to find the proper terms for ourselves
:* have some sort of continuity between Latin projects
:I had started doing this for documentation templates, as they where copied as is from [[:en:Wikisource]]. [[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Saumache|disputatio]]) 20:50, 20 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::Sure, what do you mean in practice? Does W:la have a phrase for Portal? [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 21:29, 20 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
:::I must say I don't really understand what you precisely intend to put on these pages and why they could not be of the Vicifons namespace. [[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Saumache|disputatio]]) 00:35, 21 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::::It's probably done on En:ws so that search works across portals and mainspace pages but not advice pages; or that search in advice pages does not include results from mainspace. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 09:37, 21 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
:::::Here are some ideas for core pages, following nomenclature used by [[:w:la]] and [[:en:Wikisource]] (names are not definite):
:::::* [[Vicifons:De stilo]] ([[:en:Wikisource:Style guide]]) including: titles and their capitalization, use of Roman/Arabic numerals, use of classifiers before numbers (liber, carmen, etc.); regularization of spelling (in non-facsimile pages), anchors, etc.
:::::* [[Vicifons:Qualitas paginarum]]
:::::* [[Vicifons:De categoriis]]
:::::* [[Vicifons:De fontibus]] ([[:en:Wikisource:Sources]]) about how and where, or how not and where not, to find good sources, the fact that most pages don't have sources or are copied from bad sources, e.g., The Latin Library, how to recify this, etc.
:::::And help pages:
:::::* [[Auxilium:De digitizationem textorum imaginumque ad usum Vicifontis]] ([[:en:Wikisource:Help:Digitising texts and images for Wikisource]])
:::::* etc.
:::::I'd be happy to batch something for [[Vicifons:De stilo]], as I think it is really needed. [[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Saumache|disputatio]]) 13:01, 21 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::::::I agree, a style guide is badly needed. [[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:SZC 03|disputatio]]) 16:20, 21 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
:::::::@[[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] @[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] I have sketched something up in my [[Usor:Saumache/Pagina cerata|sandbox]], rules are based on common practices of this wiki and personal preferences, please add rules, comments, sections, etc. without removing anything for the moment: we may discuss any of it on a dedicated discussion page. If my process isn't right and you think or know we sould do this some other way, please tell me. [[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Saumache|disputatio]]) 16:06, 22 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::::::::Quae hucusque scripsisti, mihi bona videntur. Just a minor thing: the slash at the end of the link should not be included: it should be &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[/Liber I]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; and not &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[/Liber I/]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. The rules 'de titulis paginarum' will be particularly useful for the classical works on Wikisource, since they are a mess in this regard. [[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:SZC 03|disputatio]]) 16:25, 22 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::::::::This mostly looks good to me, although I would emphasise keeping to the orthography, numbering style, of the original texts. We are a source project after all. Variance across transcriptions is fine, but changing the source style to a project style should be kept to the minimum. All that said, in my view it's also OK to allow variances per transcription project, not least as they can be copied and re-done as people wish. 
::::::::I very much agree about encouraging people to use good sources, and preferably to link them via a transcription process so they can be verified. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 20:11, 22 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
:::::::::I meant a stricter/standard orthography only for non-facsimile classical works whose original layout, orthography, etc. we don't know or poorly know, or would anyway not imitate (else we want it like this: ARMA⸱VIRVM⸱QVE⸱CANO). I think it would therefore be better to be more loosely dependent on our source editions and have a more unifying approach regarding these texts, nothwistanding the fact that a lot of these are bad copypastes of already very bad digitization from The Latin Library, and that these texts would take decades to be made into facsimile, accounting for how few we are. See for example [[Aeneis]], where people added macrons, using u's instead of v's makes searches more tedious, having letters be upper case at the start of sentences and verses as a norm would also be nice, appearance of poems, etc.; we should be able to do this if we want to, but according to rules which would be stated somewhere. I'd still understand if you are strictly against this. [[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Saumache|disputatio]]) 21:23, 22 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::::::::::That all makes sense, altho I'd add we should encourage that non-linked texts be replaced with linked texts. If that was done, then versions with macrons, or other variations, could be hosted elsewhere, eg Wikibooks. In general, it seems to me that a copypasted text doesn't really meet the criteria for a Wikisource text, as it's not easily corrected, verified or even stable, given people can decide to change it according to their own tastes, whether stylistic or in terms of the editorial choices for works that ultimately depend on interpretation of competing medieval manuscripts. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 21:57, 22 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
:::::::::::Even if I proofread a book myself, doing it offline is 10 times faster and easier than using Vicifons built-in system. There have been reports of bots that can then organize the proofread text by page, but I've never seen one. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 10:26, 23 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::::::::::::That would be a good addition, by now AI agents are often better and faster than conventional OCR tools even for Latin, and can add wiki formatting steps as well. I managed to get ChatGPT to extract and produce footnotes for [[A First Latin Reader]] for example.
::::::::::::A way to take their output and match back into a PDF book would really speed things up. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 14:06, 23 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
:::::::::::To give an example, do you think I took too much liberty at [[Ab urbe condita/Liber II]], the text has been taken from Perseus, I standardized the quotation marks, added years in the margin, the time within which the events of the book took place, an index, standardized letter case, added anchors numbered &quot;1&quot;, all this for book 1 up to 22. I would go even further and add wikilinks for proper names if I had the time, do you think it is taking too much liberty or that it definitely does not have its place on Wikisource? I see other Wikisource projects doing it. This is what I had mind for classical non-facsimilie pages anyway. [[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Saumache|disputatio]]) 11:03, 23 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::::::::::::No, that's fine because there is a way to reference the source and verify. There's a similar thing with the [[Vulgata Clementina]], which can be checked against the Github copy. In these cases, if changes are made, there's a target available to judge whether they're valid or not, and the proofing from them is good in any case. If Perseus were to make changes, it would be good to have a way to know about it tho.
::::::::::::It's different where it is Latin Library and elsewhere tho. Here there would be value in connecting the texts back to a source that third parties can use to check. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 14:01, 23 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::::::::I suppose the ligatures bit is potentially controversial. I've built a system for my own transcriptions to toggle many scribal conventions on and off, eg &amp; for early modern books; see ''[[De Principe]]'' for example. Some of these would be considered ligatures. My rationale is that it allows for preservation of the original orthography and presentation of a more modern version for everyday use. As for search, tho, doing this for some characters eg q; will cause a cost to some searching. But ae / oe are usually or often not a problem. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 20:20, 22 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
:::On Vicipaedia portals are simply combined [[:w:la:Categoria:Portae|into a category]]; it is not necessary to ask the Phabricator. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 08:19, 21 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::::&lt;small&gt;The link you have sent is actually a category of pages about city gates (lat. ''portae''). Though,&lt;/small&gt; It is true that we can still write portal pages without a dedicated namespace, and just group them with templates and categories. For example on German wikisource there is no author namespace, they just have an [[:de:Kategorie:Autoren|'author' category]]. It is an idea that is worth considering. [[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:SZC 03|disputatio]]) 16:38, 22 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
:::::We [[:w:la:Categoria:Portae Vicipaedianae|renamed it]] yesterday. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 16:57, 22 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::::::Optime! [[Usor:SZC 03|SZC 03]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:SZC 03|disputatio]]) 07:57, 23 Augusti 2026 (UTC)

== Portal pages II: test for Latin learning content ==

Hi all, as it isn't wholly clear if we ought to use a separate namespace, but we are agreed that portal pages would be useful, I thought I could start by creating a page for Latin learning content. If we follow the Vicipaedia convention, I will make a start on [[Porta:Tirones]]. I'd also like to do one for [[Porta:Colloquia]] and later something for Renaissance content. These can be in Latin, perhaps excepting the Tirones page, which I will do in English. 

Feedback appreciated as this is drafted.

[[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 10:19, 24 Augusti 2026 (UTC)

:Who will find it and how, where is the link to it? Perhaps it should be noted on the main page. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 10:02, 25 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::Yes that makes sense :) [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 00:51, 26 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
::I've added a link from the front page; and more prominently on the [[Pagina prima/English]] version. [[Usor:JimKillock|JimKillock]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:JimKillock|disputatio]]) 12:27, 26 Augusti 2026 (UTC)
:* something is wrong, displaying &lt;code&gt;[[Imago:|{{{px}}}px|{{{didascalia}}}]]&lt;/code&gt;
:* I don't encourage the use of diacritics as we don't use any of them elsewhere, even if for learning purposes
:* the use of double bullet points is wrong
:I'll get back to you about this and follow up with my style/policy pages when I have time. [[Usor:Saumache|Saumache]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Saumache|disputatio]]) 19:25, 30 Augusti 2026 (UTC)

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== Help with Export for De Sphaera Mundi ==
I recently transcribed an edition of [[De Sphaera Mundi]] and wanted to make it available on my tablet, but the EPUB export is only exporting the root page. I verified that the subpages are linked on the root page, and couldn't find a difference between that root page and e.g. the [[Commentarii de bello Gallico]] root page (as a random example). Also tried purging and rebuilding the root page. Is there something different about the subpages that needs to be fixed for the epub export to work? I have read https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Help:Preparing_for_export and checked https://wikisource.org/wiki/Wikisource_talk:WS_Export and this Scriptorium back to 2022.  [[Usor:Sjgallagher2|Sjgallagher2]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Sjgallagher2|disputatio]]) 17:22, 10 Octobris 2026 (UTC)

== Help repairing source/moving a few pages ==
Hi, I have been working on transcribing the Theses from [[Polygamia Triumphatrix]]. However, I've run into an issue with the source file—pages [[Pagina:Polygamia Triumphatrix.pdf/192|178]] and [[Pagina:Polygamia Triumphatrix.pdf/193|179]] are where pages 182 and 183 should be, and pages [[Pagina:Polygamia Triumphatrix.pdf/188|182]] and [[Pagina:Polygamia Triumphatrix.pdf/189|183]] are where pages 178 and 179 should be. Is there an easy way to get those pages switched around?

Thanks

[[Usor:Erblanchard57|Erblanchard57]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Erblanchard57|disputatio]]) 18:44, 24 Octobris 2026 (UTC)

:You can change their order directly within the PDF-file itself; however, doing so would require you to re-upload the file. To ensure they appear in [[Liber:Polygamia_Triumphatrix.pdf|this list]] in the desired order, you must specify them in that exact sequence within the &quot;pagelist&quot; command; likewise, for the final text output, they must be listed in the same order in the &quot;page index...&quot; command. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 08:04, 25 Octobris 2026 (UTC)

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This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. 

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[[user:Trizek_(WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]] 14:01, 26 Octobris 2026 (UTC)
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  <page>
    <title>Epistulae (Marcus Tullius Cicero)/Epistulae ad Atticum/Liber XII</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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        <username>Saumache</username>
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      <text bytes="68235" sha1="sbeq9ia2l85oa4y4omye236avwatmc0" xml:space="preserve">{{titulus
|Scriptor= Marcus Tullius Cicero
|OperaeTitulus= Epistulae
|OperaeWikiPagina= Epistulae (Marcus Tullius Cicero)
|Annus=anni 46–45 a.C.n.
|SubTitulus= [[Epistulae (Marcus Tullius Cicero)/Epistulae ad Atticum|Epistulae ad Atticum]]&lt;/br&gt;Liber XII
|Fons=[https://www.google.com/books/edition/M_Tullii_Ciceronis_Epistolarum_ad_Atticu/ZDo3AQAAIAAJ?gbpv=1&amp;pg=PA352 google books]
|Editio=Lipsiae, 1898; [[w:Bibliotheca scriptorum Graecorum et Romanorum Teubneriana|Bibliotheca Teubneriana]]; [[w:de:Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Müller|C.F.W. Müller]]
}}
{{Liber
|Ante= Liber XI
|AnteNomen= ../Liber XI
|Post= Liber XIII
|PostNomen= ../Liber XIII
}}

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|I.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. in Arpinati VIII K. intercal. post. 708 (46).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
{{pn|1.1|1}}Undecimo die, postquam a te discesseram, hoc litterularum exaravi egrediens e villa ante lucem atque eo die cogitabam in Anagnino, postero autem in Tusculano, ibi unum diem; {{font-size|90%|V}} Kalend. igitur ad constitutum. Atque utinam continuo ad complexum meae Tulliae, ad osculum Atticae possim currere! Quod quidem ipsum scribe, quaeso, ad me, ut, dum consisto in Tusculano, sciam, quid garriat, sin rusticatur, quid scribat ad te; eique interea aut scribes salutem aut nuntiabis itemque Piliae. Et tamen, etsi continuo congressuri sumus, scribes ad me, si quid habebis.

{{pn|1.2|2}}Cum complicarem hanc epistulam, noctuabundus ad me venit cum epistula tua tabellarius; qua lecta de Atticae febricula scilicet valde dolui. Reliqua, quae exspectabam, ex tuis litteris cognovi omnia; sed, quod scribis ‘igniculum matutinum {{Graeca|γεροντικόν}}’, {{Graeca|γεροντικώτερον}} est memoriola vacillare. Ego enim {{font-size|90%|IIII}} Kal. Axio dederam, tibi {{font-size|90%|III}}, Quinto, quo die venissem, id est {{font-size|90%|V}} Kal. Hoc igitur habebis, novi nihil. Quid ergo opus erat epistula? Quid, cum coram sumus et garrimus, quicquid in buccam? Est profecto quiddam {{Graeca|λέσχη}}, quae habet, etiamsi nihil subest, conlocutione ipsa suavitatem.

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|II.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. Romae ante med. m. Apr. a. 708 (46).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
{{pn|2.1|1}}Hic rumores tamen Murcum perisse naufragio, Asinium delatum vivum in manus militum, {{font-size|90%|L}} navis delatas Uticam reflatu hoc, Pompeium non comparere nec in Balearibus omnino fuisse, ut Paciaecus adfirmat. Sed auctor nullius rei quisquam. Habes, quae, dum tu abes, locuti sint. {{pn|2.2|2}}Ludi interea Praeneste. Ibi Hirtius et isti omnes. Et quidem ludi dies {{font-size|90%|VIII}}. Quae cenae, quae deliciae! Res interea fortasse transacta est. O miros homines! At Balbus aedificat; {{Graeca|τί γὰρ αὐτῷ μέλει}}; Verum si quaeris, homini non recta, sed voluptaria quaerenti nonne {{Graeca|βεβίωται}}? Tu interea dormis. Iam explicandum est {{Graeca|πρόβλημα}}, si quid acturus es. Si quaeris, quid putem, ego fructum puto. Sed quid multa? Iam te videbo et quidem, ut spero, de via recta ad me. Simul enim et diem Tyrannioni constituemus, et si quid aliud.

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|III.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. in Tusculano III Id. Iun. a. 708 (46).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
{{pn|3.1|1}}Unum te puto minus blandum esse quam me, et, si uterque nostrum est aliquando adversus aliquem, inter nos certe numquam sumus. Audi igitur me hoc {{Graeca|ἀγοητεύτως}} dicentem. Ne vivam, mi Attice, si mihi non modo Tusculanum, ubi ceteroqui sum libenter, sed {{Graeca|μακάρων νῆσοι}} tanti sunt, ut sine te sim tot dies. Quare obduretur hoc triduum, ut te quoque ponam in eodem {{Graeca|πάθει}}; quod ita est profecto. Sed velim scire, hodiene statim de auctione, et quo die venias. Ego me interea cum libellis; ac moleste fero Vennoni me historiam non habere. {{pn|3.2|2}}Sed tamen, ne nihil de re, nomen illud, quod a Caesare, tres habet condiciones, aut emptionem ab hasta (perdere malo, etsi praeter ipsam turpitudinem hoc ipsum puto esse perdere) aut delegationem a mancipe annua die (quis erit, cui credam, aut quando iste Metonis annus veniet?) aut Vettieni condicione semissem. {{Graeca|Σκέψαι}} igitur. Ac vereor, ne iste iam auctionem nullam faciat, sed ludis factis {{Graeca|Ἀτύπῳ}} subsidio currat, ne talis vir {{Graeca|ἀλογηθῇ}}. Sed {{Graeca|μελήσει}}. Tu Atticam, quaeso, cura et ei salutem et Piliae Tulliae quoque verbis plurimam.

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|IV.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. in Tusculano Id. Iun. a. 708 (46).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
{{pn|4.1|1}}O gratas tuas mihi iucundasque litteras! Quid quaeris? restitutus est mihi dies festus. Angebar enim, quod Tiro {{Graeca|ἐνερευθέστερον}} te sibi esse visum dixerat. Addam igitur, ut censes, unum diem.

{{pn|4.2|2}}Sed de Catone {{Graeca|πρόβλημα Ἀρχιμήδειον}} est. Non adsequor, ut scribam, quod tui convivae non modo libenter, sed etiam aequo animo legere possint; quin etiam, si a sententiis eius dictis, si ab omni voluntate consiliisque, quae de re publica habuit, recedam {{Graeca|ψιλῶς}}-que velim gravitatem constantiamque eius laudare, hoc ipsum tamen istis odiosum {{Graeca|ἄκουσμα}} sit. Sed vere laudari ille vir non potest, nisi haec ornata sint, quod ille ea, quae nunc sunt, et futura viderit et, ne fierent, contenderit et, facta ne videret, vitam reliquerit. Horum quid est, quod Aledio probare possimus? Sed cura, obsecro, ut valeas, eamque, quam ad omnis res adhibes, in primis ad convalescendum adhibe prudentiam.

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|V.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. in Tusculano in. m. Quint. a. 708 (46).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
{{pn|5.1|1}}Quintus pater quartum vel potius millesimum nihil sapit, qui laetetur Luperco filio et Statio, ut cernat duplici dedecore cumulatam domum. Addo etiam Philotimum tertium. O stultitiam, nisi mea maior esset, singularem! quod autem os in hanc rem {{Graeca|ἔρανον}} a te! Fac non ad ‘{{Graeca|διψῶσαν κρήνην}}’, sed ad {{Graeca|Πειρήνην}} eum venisse, ‘{{Graeca|ἄμπνευμα σεμνὸν Ἀλφειοῦ}}’ in te ‘{{Graeca|κρήνῃ}}’, ut scribis, haurire, in tantis suis praesertim angustiis, {{Graeca|ποῖ ταῦτα ἄρα ἀποσκήψει}}; Sed ipse viderit. {{pn|5.2|2}}Cato me quidem delectat, sed etiam Bassum Lucilium sua.

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|Va.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. in Tusculano prid. K. Iun. a. 708 (46).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
De Caelio tu quaeres, ut scribis; ego nihil novi. Noscenda autem est natura, non facultas modo. De Hortensio et Verginio tu, si quid dubitabis. Etsi, quod magis placeat, ego quantum aspicio, non facile inveneris. Cum Mustela, quem ad modum scribis, cum venerit Crispus. Ad Avium scripsi, ut ea, quae bene nosset de auro, Pisoni demonstraret. Tibi enim sane adsentior et istud nimium diu duci et omnia nunc undique contrahenda. Te quidem nihil agere, nihil cogitare aliud, nisi quod ad me pertineat, facile perspicio meisque negotiis impediri cupiditatem tuam ad me veniendi. Sed mecum esse te puto, non solum quod meam rem agis, verum etiam quod videre videor, quo modo agas. Neque enim ulla hora tui mihi est operis ignota.

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|Vb.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. in Tusculano III aut II Id. Iun. a. 709 (45).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
Tubulum praetorem video L. Metello, Q. Maximo consulibus. Nunc velim, P. Scaevola, pontifex maximus, quibus consulibus tribunus pl. Equidem puto proximis, Caepione et Pompeio; praetor enim L. Furio, Sex. Atilio. Dabis igitur tribunatum et, si poteris, Tubulus quo crimine. Et vide, quaeso, L. Libo, ille qui de Ser. Galba, Censorinone et Manilio an T. Quinctio, M’. Acilio consulibus tribunus pl. fuerit. Conturbabat enim me [epitome Bruti Fanniana], in Bruti epitoma Fannianorum [scripsi] quod erat in extremo, idque ego secutus hunc Fannium, qui scripsit historiam, generum esse scripseram Laeli. Sed tu me {{Graeca|γεωμετρικῶς}} refelleras, te autem nunc Brutus et Fannius. Ego tamen de bono auctore, Hortensio, sic acceperam, ut apud Brutum est. Hunc igitur locum expedies.

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|Vc.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. in Tusculano prid. Id. Iun. a. 708 (46).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
Ego misi Tironem Dolabellae obviam. Is ad me Idibus revertetur. Te exspectabo postridie. De Tullia mea tibi antiquissimum esse video, idque ita ut sit, te vehementer rogo. Ergo ei in integro omnia; sic enim scribis. Mihi, etsi Kalendae vitandae fuerunt Nicasionumque {{Graeca|ἀρχέτυπα}} fugienda conficiendaeque tabulae, nihil tamen tanti, ut a te abessem, fuit. Cum Romae essem et te iam iamque visurum me putarem, cotidie tamen horae, quibus exspectabam, longae videbantur. Scis me minime esse blandum; itaque minus aliquanto dico, quam sentio.

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|VI.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. in Tusculano m. interc. post a. 708 (46).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
{{pn|6.1|1}}De Caelio vide, quaeso, ne quae lacuna sit in auro. Ego ista non novi. Sed certe in collubo est detrimenti satis. Huc aurum si accedit—sed quid loquor? Tu videbis. Habes Hegesiae genus, quod Varro laudat. {{pn|6.2|2}}Venio ad Tyrannionem. Ain tu? verum hoc fuit, sine me? At ego quotiens, cum essem otiosus, sine te tamen nolui? Quo modo hoc ergo lues? Uno scilicet, si mihi librum miseris; quod ut facias, etiam atque etiam rogo. Etsi me non magis liber ipse delectabit, quam tua admiratio delectavit. Amo enim {{Graeca|πάντα φιληδείμονα}} teque istam tam tenuem {{Graeca|θεωρίαν}} tam valde admiratum esse gaudeo. Etsi tua quidem sunt eius modi omnia. Scire enim vis; quo uno animus alitur. Sed, quaeso, quid ex ista acuta et gravi refertur ad {{Graeca|τέλος}}?

Sed longa oratio est, et tu occupatus es in meo quidem fortasse aliquo negotio. Et pro isto asso sole, quo tu abusus es in nostro pratulo, a te nitidum solem unctumque repetemus. Sed ad prima redeo. Librum, si me amas, mitte. Tuus est enim profecto, quoniam quidem est missus ad te.

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|VIa.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. in Tusculano m. interc. post a. 708 (46).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
{{pn|6a.1|1}} ‘Chremés, tantumne ab ré tua est otí tibi’, ut etiam Oratorem legas? Macte virtute! Mihi quidem gratum, et erit gratius, si non modo in tuis libris, sed etiam in aliorum per librarios tuos ‘Aristophanem’ reposueris pro ‘Eupoli.’ {{pn|6a.2|2}} Caesar autem mihi inridere visus est ‘quaeso’ illud tuum, quod erat et {{Graeca|εὐπινὲς}} et urbanum. Ita porro te sine cura esse iussit, ut mihi quidem dubitationem omnem tolleret. Atticam doleo ''tam'' diu; sed, quoniam iam sine horrore est, spero esse, ut volumus.

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|VII.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. in Tusculano m. interc. post a. 708 (46).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
{{pn|7.1|1}}Quae desideras, omnia scripsi in codicillis eosque Eroti dedi; breviter, sed etiam plura, quam quaeris, in iis de Cicerone; cuius quidem cogitationis initium tu mihi attulisti. Locutus sum cum eo liberalissime; quod ex ipso velim, si modo tibi erit commodum, sciscitere. Sed quid differo? Exposui te ''ad'' me detulisse, et quid vellet et quid requireret. Velle Hispaniam, requirere liberalitatem. De liberalitate dixi, quantum Publilius, quantum flamen Lentulus filio. De Hispania duo attuli, primum idem quod tibi, me vereri vituperationem. Non satis esse, si haec arma reliquissemus? etiam contraria? Deinde fore ut angeretur, cum a fratre familiaritate et omni gratia vinceretur. Me eum ''malle'' liberalitate uti mea quam sua libertate. Sed tamen permisi; tibi enim intellexeram non nimis displicere. Ego etiam atque etiam cogitabo teque, ut idem facias, rogo. Magna res est; simplex est manere, illud anceps. Verum videbimus.

{{pn|7.2|2}}De Balbo et in codicillis scripseram et ita cogito, simul ac redierit. Sin ille tardius, ego tamen triduum, et, quod praeterii, Dolabella etiam mecum.

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|VIII.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. in Tusculano m. interc. post. a. 708 (46).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
De Cicerone multis res placet. Comes est idoneus. Sed de prima pensione ante videamus. Adest enim dies, et ille currit. Scribe, quaeso, quid referat Celer egisse Caesarem cum candidatis, utrum ipse in fenicularium an in Martium campum cogitet. Et scire sane velim, numquid necesse sit comitiis esse Romae. Nam et Piliae satis faciendum est et utique Atticae.

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|IX.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. Asturae VI K. Sext. a. 709 (45).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
Ne ego essem hic libenter atque id cotidie magis, ni esset ea causa, quam tibi superioribus litteris scripsi. Nihil hac solitudine iucundius, nisi paulum interpellasset Amyntae filius. {{Graeca|Ὢ ἀπεραντολογίας ἀηδοῦς}}! Cetera noli putare amabiliora fieri posse villa, litore, prospectu maris, tumulis, his rebus omnibus. Sed neque haec digna longioribus litteris, nec erat, quod scriberem, et somnus urgebat.

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|X.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. Asturae V K. Sext. a. 709 (45).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
Male mehercule de Athamante. Tuus autem dolor humanus is quidem, sed magno opere moderandus. Consolationum autem multae viae, sed illa rectissima. Impetret ratio, quod dies impetratura est. Alexin vero curemus, imaginem Tironis, quem aegrum Romam remisi, et, si quid habet collis {{Graeca|ἐπιδήμιον}}, ad me cum testamento  transferamus. Tota domus vacat superior, ut scis. Hoc puto valde ad rem pertinere.

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|XI.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. in Tusculano m. interc. post. a. 708 (46).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
Male de Seio. Sed omnia humana tolerabilia ducenda. Ipsi enim quid sumus aut quam diu haec curaturi sumus? Ea videamus, quae ad nos magis pertinent nec tamen multo, quid agamus de senatu. Et, ut ne quid praetermittam, Caesonius ad me litteras misit Postumiam Sulpici domum ad se venisse. De Pompei Magni filia tibi rescripsi nihil me hoc tempore cogitare; alteram vero illam, quam tu scribis, puto, nosti. Nihil vidi foedius. Sed adsum. Coram igitur.

Obsignata epistula accepi tuas. Atticae hilaritatem libenter audio. Commotiunculis {{Graeca|συμπάσχω}}.

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|XII.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. Asturae XVII K. Apr. a. 709 (45).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
{{pn|12.1|1}}De dote tanto magis perpurga. Balbi regia condicio est delegandi. Quoquo modo confice. Turpe est rem impeditam iacere. Insula Arpinas habere potest germanam {{Graeca|ἀποθέωσιν}}; sed vereor, ne minorem {{Graeca|τιμὴν}} habere videatur {{Graeca|ἐκτοπισμός}}. Est igitur animus in hortis; quos tamen inspiciam cum venero.

{{pn|12.2|2}}De Epicuro, ut voles; etsi {{Graeca|μεθαρμόσομαι}} in posterum genus hoc personarum. Incredibile est, quam ea quidam requirant. Ad antiquos igitur; {{Graeca|ἀνεμέσητον γάρ}}. Nihil habeo, ad te quod [per]scribam, sed tamen institui cotidie mittere, ut eliciam tuas litteras, non quo aliquid ex iis exspectem, sed nescio quo modo tamen exspecto. Quare, sive habes quid sive nil habes, scribe tamen aliquid teque cura.

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|XIII.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. Asturae Non. Mart. a. 709 (45).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
{{pn|13.1|1}}Commovet me Attica; etsi adsentior Cratero. Bruti litterae scriptae et prudenter et amice multas mihi tamen lacrimas attulerunt. Me haec solitudo minus stimulat quam ista celebritas. Te unum desidero; sed litteris non difficilius utor, quam si domi essem. Ardor tamen ille idem urget et manet non mehercule indulgente me, sed tamen repugnante.

{{pn|13.2|2}}Quod scribis de Appuleio, nihil puto opus esse tua contentione nec Balbo et Oppio; quibus quidem ille receperat mihique etiam iusserat nuntiari se molestum omnino non futurum. Sed cura, ut excuser morbi causa in dies singulos. Laenas hoc receperat. Prende C. Septimium, L. Statilium. Denique nemo negabit se iuraturum, quem rogaris. Quod si erit durius, veniam et ipse perpetuum morbum iurabo. Cum enim mihi carendum sit conviviis, malo id lege videri facere quam dolore. Cocceium velim appelles. Quod enim dixerat, non facit. Ego autem volo aliquod emere latibulum et perfugium doloris mei.

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|XIV.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. Asturae VIII Id. Mart. a. 709 (45).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
{{pn|14.1|1}}De me excusando apud Appuleium dederam ad te pridie litteras. Nihil esse negoti arbitror. Quemcumque appellaris, nemo negabit. Sed Septimium vide et Laenatem et Statilium; tribus enim opus est. Sed mihi Laenas totum receperat.

{{pn|14.2|2}}Quod scribis a Iunio te appellatum, omnino Cornificius locuples est; sed tamen scire velim, quando dicar spopondisse et pro patre anne pro filio. Neque eo minus, ut scribis, procuratores Cornifici et Appuleium praediatorem videbis.

{{pn|14.3|3}}Quod me ab hoc maerore recreari vis, facis ut omnia; sed me mihi non defuisse tu testis es. Nihil enim de maerore minuendo scriptum ab ullo est, quod ego non domi tuae legerim. Sed omnem consolationem vincit dolor. Quin etiam feci quod profecto ante me nemo, ut ipse me per litteras consolarer. Quem librum ad te mittam, si descripserint librarii. Adfirmo tibi nullam consolationem esse talem. Totos dies scribo, non quo proficiam quid, sed tantisper impedior; non equidem satis (vis enim urget), sed relaxor tamen ad omnique ''vi'' nitor non ad animum, sed ad vultum ipsum, si queam, reficiendum idque faciens interdum mihi peccare videor, interdum peccaturus esse, nisi faciam. Solitudo aliquid adiuvat, sed multo plus proficeret, si tu tamen interesses. Quae mihi una causa est hinc discedendi; nam pro malis recte habebat. Quamquam ''id'' ipsum doleo. Non enim iam in me idem esse poteris. Perierunt illa, quae amabas.

{{pn|14.4|4}}De Bruti ad me litteris scripsi ad te antea. Prudenter scriptae, sed nihil, quod me adiuvarent. Quod ad te scripsit, id vellem, ut ipse adesset. Certe aliquid, quoniam me tam valde amat, adiuvaret. Quodsi quid scies, scribas ad me velim, maxime autem, Pansa quando. De Attica doleo, credo tamen Cratero. Piliam angi veta. Satis est me maerere pro omnibus.

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|XV.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. Asturae VII Id. Mart. a. 709 (45).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
Apud Appuleium, quoniam in perpetuum non placet, in dies ut excuser, videbis. In hac solitudine careo omnium colloquio, cumque mane me in silvam abstrusi densam et asperam, non exeo inde ante vesperum. Secundum te nihil est mihi amicius solitudine. In ea mihi omnis sermo est cum litteris. Eum tamen interpellat fletus; cui repugno, quoad possum, sed adhuc pares non sumus. Bruto, ut suades, rescribam. Eas litteras cras habebis. Cum erit, cui des, dabis.

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|XVI.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. Asturae VI Id. Mart. a. 709 (45).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
Te tuis negotiis relictis nolo ad me venire, ego potius accedam, si diutius impediere. Etsi ne discessissem quidem e conspectu tuo, nisi me plane nihil ulla res adiuvaret. Quodsi esset aliquod levamen, id esset in te uno, et, cum primum ab aliquo poterit esse, a te erit. Nunc tamen ipsum sine te esse non possum. Sed nec tuae domi probabatur, nec meae poteram nec, si propius essem uspiam, tecum tamen essem. Idem enim te impediret, quo minus mecum esses, quod nunc etiam impedit. Mihi nihil adhuc aptius fuit hac solitudine; quam vereor ne Philippus tollat. Heri enim vesperi venerat. Me scriptio et litterae non leniunt, sed obturbant.

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|XVII.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. Asturae IV Id. Mart. a. 709 (45).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
Marcianus ad me scripsit me excusatum esse apud Appuleium a Laterense, Nasone, Laenate, Torquato, Strabone. Iis velim meo nomine reddendas litteras cures gratum mihi eos fecisse. Quod pro Cornificio me abhinc amplius annis {{font-size|90%|XXV}} spopondisse dicit Flavius, etsi reus locuples est et Appuleius praediator liberalis, tamen velim des operam, ut investiges ex consponsorum tabulis, sitne ita (mihi enim ante aedilitatem meam nihil erat cum Cornificio. Potest tamen fieri; sed scire certum velim), et appelles procuratores, si tibi videtur. Quamquam quid ad me? Verum tamen. Pansae profectionem scribes, cum scies. Atticam salvere iube et eam cura, obsecro, diligenter. Piliae salutem.

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|XVIII.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. Asturae V Id. Mart. a. 709 (45).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
{{pn|18.1|1}}Dum recordationes fugio, quae quasi morsu quodam dolorem efficiunt, refugio ad te admonendum. Quod velim mihi ignoscas, cuicuimodi est. Etenim habeo non nullos ex iis, quos nunc lectito auctores, qui dicant fieri id oportere, quod saepe tecum egi et quod a te approbari volo, de fano illo dico, de quo tantum, quantum me amas, velim cogites. Equidem neque de genere dubito (placet enim mihi Cluati) neque de re (statutum est enim), de loco non numquam. Velim igitur cogites. Ego, quantum his temporibus tam eruditis fieri potuerit, profecto illam consecrabo omni genere monimentorum ab omnium ingeniis sumptorum et Graecorum et Latinorum. Quae res forsitan sit refricatura vulnus meum. Sed iam quasi voto quodam et promisso me teneri puto, longumque illud tempus, cum non ero, magis me movet quam hoc exiguum, quod mihi tamen nimium longum videtur. Habeo enim nihil temptatis rebus omnibus, in quo acquiescam. Nam, dum illud tractabam, de quo ad te ante scripsi, quasi fovebam dolores meos; nunc omnia respuo nec quicquam habeo tolerabilius quam solitudinem; quam, quod eram veritus, non obturbavit Philippus. Nam, ut heri me salutavit, statim Romam profectus est.

{{pn|18.2|2}}Epistulam, quam ad Brutum, ut tibi placuerat, scripsi, misi ad te. Curabis cum tua perferendam. Eius tamen misi ad te exemplum, ut, si minus placeret, ne mitteres.

{{pn|18.3|3}}Domestica quod ais ordine administrari, scribes, quae sint ea. Quaedam enim exspecto. Cocceius vide ne frustretur. Nam, Libo quod pollicetur, ut Eros scribit, non incertum puto. De sorte mea Sulpicio confido et Egnatio scilicet. De Appuleio quid est quod labores, cum sit excusatio facilis?

{{pn|18.4|4}}Tibi ad me venire, ut ostendis, vide ne non sit facile. Est enim longum iter, discedentemque te, quod celeriter tibi erit fortasse faciendum, non sine magno dolore dimittam. Sed omnia, ut voles. Ego enim, quicquid feceris, id cum recte tum etiam mea causa factum putabo.

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|XVIIIa.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. Asturae III Id. Mart. a. 709 (45).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
{{pn|18a.1|1}} Heri, cum ex aliorum litteris cognovissem de Antoni adventu, admiratus sum nihil esse in tuis. Sed erant pridie fortasse scriptae quam datae. Neque ista quidem curo; sed tamen opinor propter praedes suos accucurrisse.

{{pn|18a.2|2}} Quod scribis Terentiam de obsignatoribus mei testamenti loqui, primum tibi persuade me istaec non curare neque esse quicquam aut parvae curae aut novae loci. Sed tamen quid simile? Illa eos non adhibuit, quos existimavit quaesituros, nisi scissent, quid esset. Num id etiam mihi periculi fuit? Sed tamen faciat illa quod ego. Dabo meum testamentum legendum, cui voluerit; intelleget non potuisse honorificentius a me fieri de nepote, quam fecerim. Nam, quod non advocavi ad obsignandum, primum mihi non venit in mentem, deinde ea re non venit, quia nihil attinuit. Tute scis, si modo meministi, me tibi tum dixisse, ut de tuis aliquos adduceres. Quid enim opus erat multis? Equidem domesticos iusseram. Tum tibi placuit, ut mitterem ad Silium. Inde est natum, ut ad Publilium; sed necesse neutrum fuit. Hoc tu tractabis, ut tibi videbitur.

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|XIX.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. Asturae prid. Id. Mart. a. 709 (45).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
{{pn|19.1|1}}Est hic quidem locus amoenus et in mari ipso, qui et Antio et Circeiis aspici possit; sed ineunda nobis ratio est, quem ad modum in omni mutatione dominorum, quae innumerabiles fieri possunt in infinita posteritate, si modo haec stabunt, illud quasi consecratum remanere possit. Equidem iam nihil egeo vectigalibus et parvo contentus esse possum. Cogito interdum trans Tiberim hortos aliquos parare et quidem ob hanc causam maxime: nihil enim video, quod tam celebre esse possit. Sed quos, coram videbimus, ita tamen, ut hac aestate fanum absolutum sit. Tu tamen cum Apella Chio confice de columnis.

{{pn|19.2|2}}De Cocceio et Libone quae scribis, approbo, maxime quod de iudicatu meo. De sponsu si quid perspexeris, et tamen quid procuratores Cornifici dicant, velim scire, ita ut in ea re te, cum tam occupatus sis, non multum operae velim ponere. De Antonio Balbus quoque ad me cum Oppio conscripsit, idque tibi placuisse, ne perturbarer. Illis egi gratias. Te tamen, ut iam ante ad te scripsi, scire volo me neque isto nuntio esse perturbatum nec iam ullo perturbatum iri. {{pn|19.3|3}}Pansa si hodie, ut putabas, profectus est, posthac iam incipito scribere ad me, de Bruti adventu quid exspectes, id est quos ad dies. Id, si scies, ubi iam sit, facile coniectura adsequere.

{{pn|19.4|4}}Quod ad Tironem de Terentia scribis, obsecro te, mi Attice, suscipe totum negotium. Vides et officium agi meum quoddam, cui tu es conscius, et, ut non nulli putant, Ciceronis rem. Me quidem id multo magis movet, quod mihi est et sanctius et antiquius, praesertim cum hoc alterum neque sincerum neque firmum putem fore.

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|XX.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. Asturae Id. Mart. a. 709 (45).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
{{pn|20.1|1}}Nondum videris perspicere, quam me nec Antonius commoverit, nec quicquam iam eius modi possit commovere. De Terentia autem scripsi ad te eis litteris, quas dederam pridie. Quod me hortaris idque a ceteris desiderari scribis, ut dissimulem me tam graviter dolere, possumne magis, quam quod totos dies consumo in litteris? Quod etsi non dissimulationis, sed potius leniendi et sanandi animi causa facio, tamen, si mihi minus proficio, simulationi certe facio satis.

{{pn|20.2|2}}Minus multa ad te scripsi, quod exspectabam tuas litteras ad eas, quas pridie dederam. Exspectabam autem maxime de fano, non nihil etiam de Terentia. Velim me facias certiorem proximis litteris, Cn. Caepio, Serviliae Claudi pater, vivone patre suo naufragio perierit an mortuo, item Rutilia vivone C. Cotta, filio suo, mortua sit an mortuo. Pertinent ad eum librum, quem de luctu minuendo scripsimus.

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|XXI.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. Asturae XVI K. Apr. a. 709 (45).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
{{pn|21.1|1}}Legi Bruti epistulam eamque tibi remisi sane non prudenter rescriptum ad ea, quae requisieras. Sed ipse viderit. Quamquam illud turpiter ignorat. Catonem primum sententiam putat de animadversione dixisse, quam omnes ante dixerant praeter Caesarem, et, cum ipsius Caesaris tam severa fuerit, qui tum praetorio loco dixerit, consularium putat leniores fuisse, Catuli, Servili, Lucullorum, Curionis, Torquati, Lepidi, Gelli, Volcaci, Figuli, Cottae, L. Caesaris, C. Pisonis, M’. Glabrionis, etiam Silani, Murenae, designatorum consulum. Cur ego in sententiam Catonis? Quia verbis luculentioribus et pluribus rem eandem comprehenderat. Me autem hic laudat, quod rettulerim, non quod patefecerim, ''quod'' cohortatus sim, quod denique ante, quam consulerem, ipse iudicaverim. Quae omnia quia Cato laudibus extulerat in caelum perscribendaque censuerat, idcirco in eius sententiam est facta discessio. Hic autem se etiam tribuere multum mi putat, quod scripserit ‘optimum consulem’. Quis enim ieiunius dixit inimicus? Ad cetera vero tibi quem ad modum rescripsit! Tantum rogat, de senatus consulto ut corrigas. Hoc quidem fecisset, etiamsi a librario admonitus esset. Sed haec iterum ipse viderit.

{{pn|21.2|2}}De hortis quoniam probas, effice aliquid. Rationes meas nosti. Si vero etiam a Faberio † recedit, nihil negoti est. Sed etiam sine eo posse videor contendere. Venales certe sunt Drusi, fortasse etiam Lamiani et Cassiani. Sed coram.

{{pn|21.3|3}}De Terentia non possum commodius scribere, quam tu scribis. Officium sit nobis antiquissimum. Si quid nos fefellerit, illius malo me quam mei paenitere. {{pn|21.4|4}}Oviae C. Lolli curanda sunt HS C̅. Negat Eros posse sine me, credo, quod accipienda aliqua sit et danda aestimatio. Vellem tibi dixisset. Si enim res est, ut mihi scripsit, parata, nec in eo ipso mentitur, per te confici potuit. Id cognoscas et conficias velim.

{{pn|21.5|5}}Quod me in forum vocas, eo vocas, unde etiam bonis meis rebus fugiebam. Quid enim mihi foro sine iudiciis, sine curia, in oculos incurrentibus iis, quos aequo animo videre non possum? Quod autem a me homines postulare scribis † aut quatenus eos mihi concedere, iam pridem scito esse, cum unum te pluris quam omnes illos putem. Ne me quidem contemno meoque iudicio multo stare malo quam omnium reliquorum. Neque tamen progredior longius, quam mihi doctissimi homines concedunt; quorum scripta omnia, quaecumque sunt in eam sententiam, non legi solum, quod ipsum erat fortis aegroti, accipere medicinam, sed in mea etiam scripta transtuli, quod certe adflicti et fracti animi non fuit. Ab his me remediis noli in istam turbam vocare, ne recidam.

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|XXII.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. Asturae XV K. Apr. a. 709 (45).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
{{pn|22.1|1}}De Terentia quod mihi omne onus imponis, non cognosco tuam in me indulgentiam. Ista enim sunt ipsa vulnera, quae non possum tractare sine maximo gemitu. Moderare igitur, quaeso, ut potes. Neque enim a te plus, quam potes, postulo. Potes autem, quid veri sit, perspicere tu unus. {{pn|22.2|2}}De Rutilia quoniam videris dubitare, scribes ad me, cum scies, sed quam primum, et num Clodia D. Bruto consulari, filio suo, mortuo vixerit. Id de Marcello aut certe de Postumia sciri potest, illud autem de M. Cotta aut de Syro aut de Satyro.

{{pn|22.3|3}}De hortis etiam atque etiam rogo. Omnibus meis eorumque, quos scio mihi non defuturos, facultatibus (sed potero meis) enitendum mihi est. Sunt etiam, quae vendere facile possim. Sed ut non vendam eique usuram pendam, a quo emero, non plus annum, possum adsequi, quod volo, si tu me adiuvas. Paratissimi sunt Drusi; cupit enim vendere. Proximos puto Lamiae; sed abest. Tu tamen, si quid potes, odorare. Ne Silius quidem quicquam utitur † et iis usuris facillime sustentabitur. Habe tuum negotium nec, quid res mea familiaris postulet, quam ego non curo, sed quid velim, existima.

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|XXIII.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. Asturae XIV K. Apr. a. 709 (45).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
{{pn|23.1|1}}Putaram te aliquid novi, quod eius modi fuerat initium litterarum, ‘quamvis non curarem, quid in Hispania fieret, tamen te scripturum’; sed videlicet meis litteris respondisti ut de foro et de curia. Sed domus est, ut ais, forum. Quid ipsa domo mihi opus est carenti foro? Qccidimus, occidimus, Attice, iam pridem nos quidem, sed nunc fatemur, posteaquam unum, quo tenebamur, amisimus. Itaque solitudinem sequor et tamen, si qua me res isto adduxerit, enitar, si quo modo potero (potero autem), ut praeter te nemo dolorem meum sentiat, si ullo modo poterit, ne tu quidem. Atque etiam illa causa est non veniendi. Meministi, quid ex te Aledius quaesierit. Qui etiam nunc molesti sunt, quid existimas, si venero?

{{pn|23.2|2}}De Terentia ita cura, ut scribis, meque hac ad maximas aegritudines accessione non maxima libera. Et, ut scias me ita dolere, ut non iaceam, quibus consulibus Carneades et ea legatio Romam venerit, scriptum est in tuo annali. Haec nunc quaero quae causa fuerit. De Oropo, opinor, sed certum nescio. Et, si ita est, quae controversiae. Praeterea, qui eo tempore nobilis Epicureus fuerit Athenisque praefuerit hortis, qui etiam Athenis {{Graeca|πολιτικοὶ}} fuerint illustres. Quae etiam ex Apollodori puto posse inveniri.

{{pn|23.3|3}}De Attica molestum, sed, quoniam leviter, recte esse confido. De Gamala dubium non mihi erat. Unde enim tam felix Ligus pater? Nam quid de me dicam, cui ut omnia contingant, quae volo, levari non possum?

De Drusi hortis, quanti licuisse tu scribis, id ego quoque audieram et, ut opinor, heri ad te scripseram; sed quantiquanti, bene emitur, quod necesse est. Mihi, quoquo modo tu existimas (scio enim, ego ipse quid de me existimem), levatio quaedam est, si minus doloris at offici debiti.

Ad Siccam scripsi, quod utitur L. Cotta. Si nihil conficietur de Transtiberinis, habet in Ostiensi Cotta celeberrimo loco, sed pusillum loci, ad hanc rem tamen plus etiam quam satis. Id velim cogites. Nec tamen ista pretia hortorum pertimueris. Nec mihi iam argento nec veste opus est nec quibusdam amoenis locis; hoc opus est. Video etiam, a quibus adiuvari possim. Sed loquere cum Silio; nihil enim est melius. Mandavi etiam Siccae. Rescripsit constitutum se cum eo habere. Scribet igitur ad me, quid egerit, et tu videbis.

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|XXIV.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. Asturae XIII K. Apr. a. u. c. 709 (45).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
{{pn|24.1|1}}Bene fecit A. Silius, qui transegerit. Neque enim ei deesse volebam et, quid possem, timebam. De Ovia confice, ut scribis. De Cicerone tempus esse iam videtur; sed quaero, quod illi opus erit, Athenis permutarine possit an ipsi ferendum sit, de totaque re, quem ad modum et quando placeat velim consideres. Publilius iturusne sit in Africam et quando, ex Aledio scire poteris. {{pn|24.2|2}}Quaeras et ad me scribas velim. Et, ut ad meas ineptias redeam, velim me certiorem facias, P. Crassus, Venuleiae filius, vivone P. Crasso consulari, patre suo, mortuus sit, ut ego meminisse videor, an postea. Item quaero de Regillo, Lepidi filio, rectene meminerim patre vivo mortuum. {{pn|24.3|3}}Cispiana explicabis itemque Preciana. De Attica optime. Et ei salutem dices et Piliae.

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|XXV.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. Asturae XII K. Apr. a. 709 (45).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
{{pn|25.1|1}}Scripsit ad me diligenter Sicca de Silio seque ad te rem detulisse; quod tu idem scribis. Mihi et res et condicio placet, sed ita, ut numerato malim quam aestimatione. Voluptarias enim possessiones nolet Silius; vectigalibus autem ut his possum esse contentus, quae habeo, sic vix minoribus. Unde ergo numerato? HS D̅C̅ exprimes ab Hermogene, cum praesertim necesse erit, et domi video esse HS D̅C̅. Reliquae pecuniae vel usuram Silio pendemus, dum a Faberio, vel cum aliquo, qui Faberio debet, repraesentabimus. Erit etiam aliquid alicunde. Sed totam rem tu gubernabis. {{pn|25.2|2}}Drusianis vero hortis multo antepono, neque sunt umquam comparati. Mihi crede, una me causa movet, in qua scio me {{Graeca|τετυφῶσθαι}}. Sed, ut facis, obsequere huic errori meo. Nam, quod scribis ‘{{Graeca|ἐγγήραμα}}’, actum iam de isto est; alia magis quaero.

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|XXVI.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. Asturae XI K. Apr. a. 709 (45).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
{{pn|26.1|1}}Sicca, ut scribit, etiamsi nihil confecerit cum A. Silio, tamen se scribit {{font-size|90%|X}} Kal. esse venturum. Tuis occupationibus ignosco, eaeque mihi sunt notae. De voluntate tua, ut simul simus, vel studio potius et cupiditate non dubito. {{pn|26.2|2}}De Nicia quod scribis, si ita me haberem, ut eius humanitate frui possem, in primis vellem illum mecum habere. Sed mihi solitudo et recessus provincia est. Quod quia facile ferebat Sicca, eo magis illum desidero. Praeterea nosti Niciae nostri imbecillitatem, mollitiam, consuetudinem victus. Cur ergo illi molestus esse velim, cum mihi ille iucundus esse non possit? Voluntas tamen eius mihi grata est. Unam rem ad me scripsisti; de qua decrevi nihil tibi rescribere. Spero enim me a te impetrasse, ut privares me ista molestia. Piliae et Atticae salutem.

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|XXVII.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. Asturae X K. Apr. a. 709 (45).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
{{pn|27.1|1}}De Siliano negotio, etsi mihi non est ignota condicio, tamen hodie me ex Sicca arbitror omnia cogniturum. Cottae quod negas te nosse, ultra Silianam villam est, quam puto tibi notam esse, villula sordida et valde pusilla, nil agri, ad nullam rem loci satis nisi ad eam, quam quaero. Sequor celebritatem. Sed, si perficitur de hortis Sili, hoc est si perficis (est enim totum positum in te), nihil est scilicet, quod de Cottae cogitemus.

{{pn|27.2|2}}De Cicerone, ut scribis, ita faciam; ipsi permittam de tempore. Nummorum quantum opus erit, ut permutetur, tu videbis. Ex Aledio, quod scribas, si quid inveneris, scribes. Et ego ex tuis animadverto litteris et profecto tu ex meis nihil habere nos, quod scribamus, eadem cotidie, quae iam iamque ipsa contrita sunt. Tamen facere non possum, quin cotidie ad te mittam, ut tuas accipiam. {{pn|27.3|3}}De Bruto tamen, si quid habebis. Sciri enim iam puto, ubi Pansam exspectet. Si, ut consuetudo est, in prima provincia, circiter Kal. adfuturus videtur. Vellem tardius; valde enim urbem fugio multas ob causas. Itaque id ipsum dubito, an excusationem aliquam ad illum parem; quod quidem video facile esse. Sed habemus satis temporis ad cogitandum. Piliae, Atticae salutem.

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|XXVIII.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. Asturae IX K. Apr. a. 709 (45).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
{{pn|28.1|1}}De Silio nilo plura cognovi ex praesente Sicca quam ex litteris eius. Scripserat enim diligenter. Si igitur tu illum conveneris, scribes ad me si quid videbitur. De quo putas ad me missum esse, sit missum necne, nescio; dictum quidem mihi certe nihil est. Tu igitur, ut coepisti, et, si quid ita conficies, quod equidem non arbitror fieri posse, ut illi probetur, Ciceronem, si tibi placebit, adhibebis. Eius aliquid interest videri illius causa voluisse, mea quidem nihil nisi id, quod tu scis, quod ego magni aestimo.

{{pn|28.2|2}}Quod me ad meam consuetudinem revocas, fuit meum quidem iam pridem rem publicam lugere, quod faciebam, sed mitius; erat enim, ubi acquiescerem. Nunc plane nec ego victum nec vitam illam colere possum nec in ea re, quid aliis videatur, mihi puto curandum; mea mihi conscientia pluris est quam omnium sermo. Quod me ipse per litteras consolatus sum, non paenitet me, quantum profecerim. Maerorem minui, dolorem nec potui nec, si possem, vellem.

{{pn|28.3|3}}De Triario bene interpretaris voluntatem meam. Tu vero nihil, nisi ut illi volent. Amo illum mortuum, tutor sum liberis, totam domum diligo. De Castriciano negotio, si Castricius pro mancipiis pecuniam accipere volet eamque † ei solvi, ut nunc solvitur, certe nihil est commodius. Sin autem ita actum est, ut ipsa mancipia abduceret, non mihi videtur esse aequum (rogas enim me, ut tibi scribam, quid mihi videatur); nolo enim negoti Quintum fratrem quicquam habere; quod videor mihi intellexisse tibi videri idem. Publilius, si aequinoctium exspectat, ut scribis Aledium dicere, navigaturus videtur. Mihi autem dixerat per Siciliam. Utrum et quando, velim scire. Et velim aliquando, cum erit tuum commodum, Lentulum puerum visas eique de mancipiis, quae tibi videbitur, attribuas. Piliae, Atticae salutem.

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|XXIX.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. Asturae VIII K. Apr. a. 709 (45).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
{{pn|29.1|1}}Silius, ut scribis, hodie. Cras igitur, vel potius cum poteris scribes, si quid erit, cum videris. Nec ego Brutum vito nec tamen ab eo levationem ullam exspecto; sed erant causae, cur hoc tempore istic esse nollem. Quae si manebunt, quaerenda erit excusatio ad Brutum, et, ut nunc est, mansurae videntur.

{{pn|29.2|2}}De hortis, quaeso, explica. Caput illud est, quod scis. Sequitur, ut etiam mihi ipsi quiddam opus sit; nec enim esse in turba possum nec a vobis abesse. Huic meo consilio nihil reperio isto loco aptius, et de hac re quid tui consili sit. Mihi persuasum est et eo magis, quod idem intellexi tibi videri, me ab Oppio et Balbo valde diligi. Cum his communices, quanto opere et quare velim hortos; sed id ita posse, si expediatur illud Faberianum; sintne igitur auctores futuri. Si qua etiam iactura facienda sit in repraesentando, quoad possunt, adducito; totum enim illud desperatum. Denique intelleges, ecquid inclinent ad hoc meum consilium adiuvandum. Si quid erit, magnum est adiumentum; si minus, quacumque ratione contendamus. Vel tu illud ‘{{Graeca|ἐγγήραμα}}’, quem ad modum scripsisti, vel {{Graeca|ἐντάφιον}} putato. De illo Ostiensi nihil est cogitandum. Si hoc non adsequimur (a Lamia non puto posse), Damasippi experiendum est.

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|XXX.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. Asturae VI K. Apr. a. 709 (45).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
{{pn|30.1|1}}Quaero, quod ad te scribam, sed nihil est. Eadem cotidie. Quod Lentulum invisis, valde gratum. Pueros attribue ei, quot et quos videbitur. De Sili voluntate vendendi et de eo, quanti, tu vereri videris, primum ne nolit, deinde ne tanti. Sicca aliter; sed tibi adsentior. Quare, ut ei placuit, scripsi ad Egnatium. Quod Silius te cum Clodio loqui vult, potes id mea voluntate facere, commodiusque est quam, quod ille a me petit, me ipsum scribere ad Clodium. {{pn|30.2|2}}De mancipiis Castricianis commodissimum esse credo transigere Egnatium, quod scribis te ita futurum putare. Cum Ovia, quaeso, vide ut conficiatur. Quoniam, ut scribis, nox erat, in hodierna epistula plura exspecto.

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|XXXI.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. Asturae IV K. Apr. a. 709 (45).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
{{pn|31.1|1}}Silium mutasse sententiam Sicca mirabatur. Equidem magis miror, quod, cum in filium causam conferret, quae mihi non iniusta videtur (habet enim, qualem vult), ais te putare, si addiderimus aliud, a quo refugiat, cum ab ipso id fuerit destinatum, venditurum. {{pn|31.2|2}}Quaeris a me, quod summum pretium constituam et quantum anteire istos hortos Drusi. Accessi numquam; Coponianam villam et veterem ''et'' non magnam novi, silvam nobilem, fructum autem neutrius, quod tamen puto nos scire oportere. Sed mihi utrivis istorum tempore magis meo quam ratione aestimandi sunt. Possim autem adsequi necne, tu velim cogites. Si enim Faberianum venderem, explicare vel repraesentatione non dubitarem de Silianis, si modo adduceretur, ut venderet. Si venalis non haberet, transirem ad Drusum vel tanti, quanti Egnatius illum velle tibi dixit. Magno etiam adiumento nobis Hermogenes potest esse in repraesentando. At tu concede mihi, quaeso, ut eo animo sim, quo is debeat esse, qui emere cupiat, et tamen ita servio cupiditati et dolori meo, ut a te regi velim.

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|XXXII.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. Asturae V K. Apr. a. 709 (45).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
{{pn|32.1|1}}Egnatius mihi scripsit. Is si quid tecum locutus erit (commodissime enim per eum agi potest), ad me scribes, et id agendum puto. Nam cum Silio non video confici posse. Piliae et Atticae salutem. Haec ad te mea manu. Vide, quaeso, quid agendum sit.

{{pn|32.2|2}}Publilia ad me scripsit matrem suam, † cum Publilio loqueretur, ad me cum illo venturam et se una, si ego paterer. Orat multis et supplicibus verbis, ut liceat, et ut sibi rescribam. Res quam molesta sit, vides. Rescripsi mi etiam gravius esse quam tum, cum illi dixissem me solum esse velle. Quare nolle me hoc tempore eam ad me venire. Putabam, si nihil rescripsissem, illam cum matre venturam; nunc non puto. Apparebat enim illas litteras non esse ipsius. Illud autem, quod fore video, ipsum volo vitare, ne illae ad me veniant, et una est vitatio, ut ego ''avolem''. Nollem, sed necesse est. Te hoc nunc rogo, ut explores, ad quam diem hic ita possim esse, ut ne opprimar. Ages, ut scribis, temperate.

{{pn|32.3|3}}Ciceroni velim hoc proponas, ita tamen, si tibi non iniquum videbitur, ut sumptus huius peregrinationis, quibus, si Romae esset domumque conduceret, quod facere cogitabat, facile contentus futurus erat, accommodet ad mercedes Argileti et Aventini, et, cum ei proposueris, ipse velim reliqua moderere quem ad modum ex iis mercedibus suppeditemus ei, quod opus sit. Praestabo nec Bibulum nec Acidinum nec Messallam, quos Athenis futuros audio, maiores sumptus facturos, quam quod ex eis mercedibus recipietur. Itaque velim videas, primum conductores qui sint et quanti, deinde ut sit, qui ad diem solvat, et quid viatici, quid instrumenti satis sit. Iumento certe Athenis nihil opus est. Quibus autem in via utatur, domi sunt plura, quam opus erat, quod etiam tu animadvertis.

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|XXXIII.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. Asturae VII K. Apr. a. 709 (45).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
{{pn|33.1|1}}Ego, ut heri ad te scripsi, si et Silius is fuerit, quem tu putas, nec Drusus facilem se praebuerit, Damasippum velim adgrediare. Is, opinor, ita partes fecit in ripa nescio quotenorum iugerum, ut certa pretia constitueret; quae mihi nota non sunt. Scribes ad me igitur quicquid egeris.

{{pn|33.2|2}}Vehementer me sollicitat Atticae nostrae valetudo, ut verear etiam, ne quae culpa sit. Sed et paedagogi probitas et medici adsiduitas et tota domus in omni genere diligens me rursus id suspicari vetat. Cura igitur; plura enim non possum.

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|XXXIV.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. Asturae III K. Apr. a. 709 (45).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
{{pn|34.1|1}}Ego hic vel sine Sicca (Tironi enim melius est) facillime possem esse ut in malis, sed, quom scribas videndum mihi esse, ne opprimar, ex quo intellegam te certum diem illius profectionis non habere, putavi esse commodius me istuc venire; quod idem video tibi placere. Cras igitur in Siccae suburbano. Inde, quem ad modum suades, puto me in Ficulensi fore. {{pn|34.2|2}}Quibus de rebus ad me scripsisti, quoniam ipse venio, coram videbimus. Tuam quidem et in agendis nostris rebus et in consiliis ineundis mihique dandis in ipsis litteris, quas mittis, benevolentiam, diligentiam, prudentiam mirifice diligo. {{pn|34.3|3}}Tu tamen, si quid cum Silio, vel illo ipso die, quo ad Siccam venturus ero, certiorem me velim facias, et maxime cuius loci detractionem fieri velit. Quod enim scribis ‘extremi’, vide, ne is ipse locus sit, cuius causa de tota re, ut scis, est a nobis cogitatum. Hirti epistulam tibi misi et recentem et benevole scriptam.

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|XXXV.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. fort. in suburbano Siccae K. vesp. aut mane VI Non. Mai. a. 709 (45).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
Antequam a te proxime discessi, numquam mihi venit in mentem, quo plus insumptum in monimentum esset quam nescio quid, quod lege conceditur, tantundem populo dandum esse. Quod non magno opere moveret, nisi nescio quo modo, {{Graeca|ἀλόγως}} fortasse nollem illud ullo nomine nisi fani appellari. Quod si volumus, vereor, ne adsequi non possimus nisi mutato loco. Hoc quale sit, quaeso, considera. Nam, etsi minus urgeor meque ipse prope modum collegi, tamen indigeo tui consilii. Itaque te vehementer etiam atque etiam rogo, magis quam a me vis aut pateris te rogari, ut hanc cogitationem toto pectore amplectare.

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|XXXVI.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. Asturae V Non. Mai. a. 709 (45).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
{{pn|36.1|1}}Fanum fieri volo, neque hoc mihi eripi potest. Sepulcri similitudinem effugere non tam propter poenam legis studeo, quam ut maxime adsequar {{Graeca|ἀποθέωσιν}}. Quod poteram, si in ipsa villa facerem; sed, ut saepe locuti sumus, commutationes dominorum reformido. In agro ubicumque fecero, mihi videor adsequi posse, ut posteritas habeat religionem. Hae meae tibi ineptiae (fateor enim) ferendae sunt; nam habeo ne me quidem ipsum, quicum tam audacter communicem quam tecum. Sin tibi res, si locus, si institutum placet, lege, quaeso, legem mihique eam mitte. Si quid in mentem veniet, quo modo eam effugere possimus, utemur.

{{pn|36.2|2}}Ad Brutum si quid scribes, nisi alienum putabis, obiurgato eum, quod in Cumano esse noluerit propter eam causam, quam tibi dixit. Cogitanti enim mihi nihil tam videtur potuisse facere rustice. Et, si tibi placebit sic agere de fano, ut coepimus, velim cohortere et exacuas Cluatium. Nam, etiamsi alio loco placebit, illius nobis opera consilioque utendum puto. Tu ad villam fortasse cras.

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|XXXVII.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. Asturae IV Non. Mai. a. 709 (45).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
{{pn|37.1|1}}A te heri duas epistulas accepi, alteram pridie datam Hilaro, alteram eodem die tabellario, accepique ab Aegypta liberto eodem die Piliam et Atticam plane belle se habere. Quod mihi Bruti litteras, gratum. Ad me quoque misit; quae litterae mihi redditae sunt tertio decimo die. Eam ipsam ad te epistulam misi et ad eam exemplum mearum litterarum.

{{pn|37.2|2}}De fano, si nihil mihi hortorum invenis, ''qui'' quidem tibi inveniendi sunt, si me tanti facis, quanti certe facis, valde probo rationem tuam de Tusculano. Quamvis prudens ad cogitandum sis, sicut es, tamen, nisi magnae curae tibi esset, ut ego consequerer id, quod magno opere vellem, numquam ea res tibi tam belle in mentem venire potuisset. Sed nescio quo pacto celebritatem requiro; itaque hortos mihi conficias necesse est. Maxuma est in Scapulae celebritas, propinquitas praeterea urbis, ne totum diem in villa. Quare, antequam discedis, Othonem, si Romae est, convenias pervelim. Si nihil erit, etsi tu meam stultitiam consuesti ferre, eo tamen progrediar, uti stomachere. Drusus enim certe vendere vult. Si ergo aliud erit, non mea erit culpa, nisi emero. Qua in re ne labar, quaeso, provide. Providendi autem una ratio est, si quid de Scapulanis possumus. Et velim me certiorem facias, quam diu in suburbano sis futurus.

{{pn|37.3|3}}Apud Terentiam ''tam'' gratia opus est nobis tua quam auctoritate. Sed facies, ut videbitur. Scio enim, si quid mea intersit, tibi maiori curae solere esse quam mihi.

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|XXXVIIa.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. Asturae III Non. Mai. a. 709 (45).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
Hirtius ad me scripsit Sex. Pompeium Corduba exisse et fugisse in Hispaniam citeriorem, Gnaeum fugisse nescio quo; neque enim curo. Nihil praeterea novi. Litteras Narbone dedit {{font-size|90%|XIIII}} Kal. Maias. Tu mihi de Canini naufragio quasi dubia misisti. Scribes igitur, si quid erit certius. Quod me a maestitia avocas, multum levaris, si locum fano dederis. Multa mihi {{Graeca|εἰς ἀποθέωσιν}} in mentem veniunt, sed loco valde opus est. Qua re etiam Othonem vide.

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|XXXVIII.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. Asturae prid. Non. Mai. a. 709 (45).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
{{pn|38.1|1}}Non dubito, quin occupatissimus fueris, qui ad me nihil litterarum; sed homo nequam, qui tuum commodum non exspectarit, cum ob eam unam causam missus esset. Nunc quidem, nisi quid te tenuit, suspicor te esse in suburbano. At ego hic scribendo dies totos nihil equidem levor, sed tamen aberro.

{{pn|38.2|2}}Asinius Pollio ad me scripsit de impuro nostro cognato. Quod Balbus minor nuper satis plane, Dolabella obscure, hic apertissime. Ferrem graviter, si novae aegrimoniae locus esset. Sed tamen ecquid impurius? O hominem cavendum! Quamquam mihi quidem—sed tenendus dolor est. Tu, quoniam necesse nihil est, sic scribes aliquid, si vacabis.

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|XXXVIIIa.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. Asturae Non. Mai. a. 709 (45).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
{{pn|38a.1|1}} Quod putas oportere pervideri iam animi mei firmitatem graviusque quosdam scribis de me loqui quam aut te scribere aut Brutum, si, qui me fractum esse animo et debilitatum putant, sciant, quid litterarum et cuius generis conficiam, credo, si modo homines sint, existiment me, sive ita levatus sim, ut animum vacuum ad res difficiles scribendas adferam, reprehendendum non esse, sive hanc aberrationem a dolore delegerim, quae maxime liberalis sit doctoque homine dignissima, laudari me etiam oportere. {{pn|38a.2|2}} Sed, cum ego faciam omnia, quae facere possim ad me adlevandum, tu effice id, quod video te non minus quam me laborare. Hoc mihi debere videor neque levari posse, nisi solvero aut videro me posse solvere, id est locum, qualem ''velim'', invenero. Heredes Scapulae si istos hortos, ut scribis tibi Othonem dixisse, partibus quattuor factis liceri cogitant, nihil est scilicet emptori loci; sin venibunt, quid fieri possit, videbimus. Nam ille locus Publicianus, qui est Treboni et Cusini, erat ad me allatus. Sed scis aream esse. Nullo pacto probo. Clodiae sane placent, sed non puto esse venales. De Drusi hortis, quamvis ab iis abhorreas, ut scribis, tamen eo confugiam, nisi quid inveneris. Aedificatio me non movet. Nihil enim aliud aedificabo nisi id, quod etiam, si illos non habuero. {{Graeca|Κῦρος δ}}᾽, {{Graeca|ε}}᾽ mihi sic placuit ut cetera Antisthenis, hominis acuti magis quam eruditi.

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|XXXIX.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. Asturae VIII Id. Mai. a. 709 (45).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
{{pn|39.1|1}}Tabellarius ad me cum sine litteris tuis venisset, existimavi tibi eam causam non scribendi fuisse, quod pridie scripsisses ea ipsa, ad quam rescripsi, epistula. Exspectaram tamen aliquid de litteris Asini Pollionis. Sed nimium ex meo otio tuum specto. Quamquam tibi remitto, nisi quid necesse erit, necesse ne habeas scribere, nisi eris valde otiosus.

{{pn|39.2|2}}De tabellariis facerem, quod suades, si essent ullae necessariae litterae, ut erant olim, cum tamen brevioribus diebus cotidie respondebant tempori tabellarii, et erat aliquid, Silius, Drusus, alia quaedam. Nunc, nisi Otho exstitisset, quod scriberemus, non erat; ''id'' ipsum dilatum est. Tamen adlevor, cum loquor tecum absens, multo etiam magis, cum tuas litteras lego. Sed, quoniam et abes (sic enim arbitror), et scribendi necessitas nulla est, conquiescent litterae, nisi quid novi exstiterit.

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|XL.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. Asturae VII Id. Mai. a. 709 (45).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
{{pn|40.1|1}}Qualis futura sit Caesaris vituperatio contra laudationem meam, perspexi ex eo libro, quem Hirtius ad me misit; in quo colligit vitia Catonis, sed cum maximis laudibus meis. Itaque misi librum ad Muscam, ut tuis librariis daret. Volo enim eum divulgari; quod quo facilius fiat, imperabis tuis.

{{pn|40.2|2}}{{Graeca|Συμβουλευτικὸν}} saepe conor. Nihil reperio et quidem mecum habeo et {{Graeca|Ἀριστοτέλους}} et {{Graeca|Θεοπόμπου}} libros {{Graeca|πρὸς Ἀλέξανδρον}}. Sed quid simile? Illi, et quae ipsis honesta essent, scribebant et grata Alexandro. Ecquid tu eius modi reperis? Mihi quidem nihil in mentem venit. Quod scribis te vereri, ne et gratia et auctoritas nostra hoc meo maerore minuatur, ego, quid homines aut reprehendant aut postulent, nescio. Ne doleam? Qui potest? Ne iaceam? Quis umquam minus? Dum tua me domus levabat, quis a me exclusus? quis venit, qui offenderet? Asturam sum a te profectus. Legere isti laeti, qui me reprehendunt, tam multa non possunt, quam ego scripsi. Quam bene, nihil ad rem, sed genus scribendi id fuit, quod nemo abiecto animo facere posset. Triginta dies in hortis fui. Quis aut congressum meum aut facilitatem sermonis desideravit? Nunc ipsum ea lego, ea scribo, ut ii, qui mecum sunt, difficilius otium ferant quam ego laborem. {{pn|40.3|3}}Si quis requirit, cur Romae non sim: quia discessus est; cur non sim in eis meis praediolis, quae sunt huius temporis: quia frequentiam illam non facile ferrem. Ibi sum igitur, ubi is, qui optimas Baias habebat, quotannis hoc tempus consumere solebat. Cum Romam venero, nec vultu nec oratione reprehendar. Hilaritatem illam, qua hanc tristitiam temporum condiebamus, in perpetuum amisi, constantia et firmitas nec animi nec orationis requiretur.

{{pn|40.4|4}}De hortis Scapulanis hoc videtur effici posse, aliud tua gratia, aliud nostra, ut praeconi subiciantur. Id nisi fit, excludemur. Sin ad tabulam venimus, vincemus facultates Othonis nostra cupiditate. Nam, quod ad me de Lentulo scribis, non est in eo. Faberiana modo res certa sit, tuque enitare, quod facis, quod volumus, consequemur.

{{pn|40.5|5}}Quod quaeris, quam diu hic: paucos dies. Sed certum non habeo. Simul ac constituero, ad te scribam, et tu ad me, quam diu in suburbano sis futurus. Quo die ego ad te haec misi, de Pilia et Attica mihi quoque eadem, quae scribis, et scribuntur et nuntiantur.

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|XLI.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. Asturae V Id. Mai. a. 709 (45).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
{{pn|41.1|1}}Nihil erat, quod scriberem. Scire tamen volebam, ubi esses; si abes aut afuturus es, quando rediturus esses. Facies igitur certiorem. Et, quod tu scire volebas, ego quando ex hoc loco, postridie Idus Lanuvi constitui manere, inde postridie in Tusculano aut Romae. Utrum sim facturus, eo ipso die scies.

{{pn|41.2|2}}Scis, quam sit {{Graeca|φιλαίτιον συμφορά}}, minime in te quidem, sed tamen avide sum adfectus de fano, quod nisi non dico effectum erit, sed fieri videro (audebo hoc dicere, et tu, ut soles, accipies), incursabit in te dolor meus non iure ille quidem, sed tamen feres hoc ipsum, quod scribo, ut omnia mea fers ac tulisti. Omnes tuas consolationes unam hanc in rem velim conferas. {{pn|41.3|3}}Si quaeris, quid optem, primum Scapulae, deinde Clodiae, postea, si Silius nolet, Drusus aget iniuste, Cusini et Treboni. Puto tertium esse dominum, Rebilum fuisse certo scio. Sin autem tibi Tusculanum placet, ut significasti quibusdam litteris, tibi adsentiar. Hoc quidem utique perficies, si me levari vis, quem iam etiam gravius accusas, quam patitur tua consuetudo, sed facis summo amore et victus fortasse vitio meo. Sed tamen, si me levari vis, haec est summa levatio vel, si verum scire vis, una.

{{pn|41.4|4}}Hirti epistulam si legeris, quae mihi quasi {{Graeca|πρόπλασμα}} videtur eius vituperationis, quam Caesar scripsit de Catone, facies me, quid tibi visum sit, si tibi erit commodum, certiorem. Redeo ad fanum. Nisi hac aestate absolutum erit, quam vides integram restare, scelere me liberatum non putabo.

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|XLII.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. Asturae VI Id. Mai. a. 709 (45).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
{{pn|42.1|1}}Nullum a te desideravi diem litterarum; videbam enim, quae scribis, et tamen suspicabar vel potius intellegebam nihil fuisse, quod scriberes; a. d. {{font-size|90%|VI}} Idus vero et abesse te putabam et plane videbam nihil te habere. Ego tamen ad te fere cotidie mittam; malo enim frustra, quam te non habere, cui des, si quid forte sit, quod putes me scire oportere. Itaque accepi {{font-size|90%|VI}} Idus litteras tuas inanes. Quid enim habebas, quod scriberes? Mi tamen illud, quicquid erat, non molestum fuit, ''ut'' nihil aliud, scire me novi te nihil habere.

Scripsisti tamen nescio quid de Clodia. Ubi ergo ea est aut quando ventura? Placet mihi res sic, ut secundum Othonem nihil magis. {{pn|42.2|2}}Sed neque hanc vendituram puto (delectatur enim et copiosa est), et, illud alterum quam sit difficile, te non fugit. Sed, obsecro, enitamur, ut aliquid ad id, quod cupio, excogitemus.

{{pn|42.3|3}}Ego me hinc postridie ''Id.'' exiturum puto, sed aut in Tusculanum aut domum, inde fortasse Arpinum. Cum certum sciero, scribam ad te.

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|XLIII.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. Asturae IV Id. Mai. a. 709 (45).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
{{pn|43.1|1}}Venerat mihi in mentem monere te, ut id ipsum, quod facis, faceres. Putabam enim commodius te idem istud domi agere posse interpellatione sublata.

{{pn|43.2|2}}Ego postridie Idus, ut scripsi ad te ante, Lanuvi manere constitui, inde aut Romae aut in Tusculano; scies ante, utrum. † Quod scies recte illam rem fore levamento, bene facis cumidesse mihi crede perinde, ut existimare tu non potes. Res indicat, quanto opere id cupiam, quom tibi audeam confiteri, quem id non ita valde probare arbitrer. Sed ferendus tibi in hoc meus error. Ferendus? immo vero etiam adiuvandus. De Othone diffido, fortasse quia cupio. {{pn|43.3|3}}Sed tamen maior etiam res est quam facultates nostrae, praesertim adversario et cupido et locuplete et herede. Proximum est, ut velim Clodiae. Sed, si ista minus confici possunt, effice quidvis. Ego me maiore religione, quam quisquam fuit ullius voti, obstrictum puto. Videbis etiam Trebonianos, etsi absunt domini. Sed, ut ad te heri scripsi, considerabis etiam de Tusculano, ne aestas effluat; quod certe non est committendum.

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|XLIV.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. Asturae III Id. Mai. a. 709 (45).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
{{pn|44.1|1}}Et Hirtium aliquid ad te {{Graeca|συμπαθῶς}} de me scripsisse facile patior (fecit enim humane) et te eius epistulam ad me non misisse multo facilius; tu enim etiam humanius. Illius librum, quem ad me misit de Catone, propterea volo divulgari a tuis, ut ex istorum vituperatione sit illius maior laudatio.

{{pn|44.2|2}}Quod per mustelam agis, habes hominem valde idoneum meique sane studiosum iam inde a Pontiano. Perfice igitur aliquid. Quid autem aliud, nisi ut aditus sit emptori? quod per quemvis heredem potest effici. Sed Mustelam id perfecturum, si rogaris, puto. Mihi vero et locum, quem opto, ad id, quod volumus, dederis et praeterea {{Graeca|ἐγγήραμα}}. Nam illa Sili et Drusi non satis {{Graeca|οἰκοδεσποτικὰ}} mihi videntur. Quid enim? sedere totos dies in villa? Ista igitur malim, primum Othonis, deinde Clodiae. Si nihil fiet, aut Druso ludus est suggerendus aut utendum Tusculano.

{{pn|44.3|3}}Quod domi te inclusisti, ratione fecisti; sed, quaeso, confice et te vacuum redde nobis. Ego hinc, ut scripsi antea, postridie Idus Lanuvi, deinde postridie in Tusculano. Contudi enim animum et fortasse vici, si modo permansero. Scies igitur fortasse cras, summum perendie.

Sed quid est, quaeso? Philotimus nec Carteiae Pompeium teneri (qua de re litterarum ad Clodium Patavinum missarum exemplum mihi Oppius et Balbus miserant, se id factum arbitrari) bellumque narrat reliquum satis magnum. Solet omnino esse Fulviniaster. Sed tamen, si quid habes. Volo etiam de naufragio Caniniano scire quid sit.

{{pn|44.4|4}}Ego hic duo magna {{Graeca|συντάγματα}} absolvi; nullo enim alio modo a miseria quasi aberrare possum. Tu mihi, etiamsi nihil erit, quod scribas, quod fore ita video, tamen id ipsum scribas velim, te nihil habuisse, quod scriberes, dum modo ne his verbis.

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|XLV.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. in Tusculano XVI K. Iun. a. 709 (45).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
{{pn|45.1|1}}De Attica optime. {{Graeca|Ἀκηδία}} tua me movet, etsi scribis nihil esse. In Tusculano eo commodius ero, quod et crebrius tuas litteras accipiam et te ipsum non numquam videbo; nam ceteroqui {{Graeca|ἀνεκτότερα}} erant Asturae. Nec haec, quae refricant, hic me magis angunt; etsi tamen, ubicumque sum, illa sunt mecum. {{pn|45.2|2}}De Caesare vicino scripseram ad te, quia cognoram ex tuis litteris. Eum {{Graeca|σύνναον}} Quirini malo quam salutis. Tu vero pervulga Hirtium. Id enim ipsum putaram, quod scribis, ut, cum ingenium amici nostri probaretur, {{Graeca|ὑπόθεσις}} vituperandi Catonis irrideretur.

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|XLVI.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. Asturae Id. Mai. a. 709 (45).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
{{pn|46.1|1}}Vincam, opinor, animum et Lanuvio pergam in Tusculanum. Aut enim mihi in perpetuum fundo illo carendum est (nam dolor idem manebit, tantum modo occultius), aut nescio, quid intersit, utrum illuc nunc veniam an ad decem annos. Neque enim ista maior admonitio, quam quibus adsidue conficior et dies et noctes. ‘Quid ergo?’ inquies, ‘nihil litterae?’ In hac quidem re vereor ne etiam contra; nam essem fortasse durior. Exculto enim animo nihil agreste, nihil inhumanum est.

{{pn|46.2|2}}Tu igitur, ut scripsisti, nec id incommodo tuo. Vel binae enim poterunt litterae. Occurram etiam, si necesse erit. Ergo id quidem, ut poteris.

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|XLVII.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. Lanuvi XVII K. Iun. a. 709 (45).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
{{pn|47.1|1}}De mustela, ut scribis, etsi magnum opus est. Eo magis delabor ad Clodiam. Quamquam in utroque Faberianum nomen explorandum est. De quo nihil nocuerit si aliquid cum Balbo eris locutus, et quidem, ut res est, emere nos velle nec posse sine isto nomine nec audere re incerta. {{pn|47.2|2}}Sed quando Clodia Romae futura est, et quanti rem aestimas? Eo prorsus specto, non quin illud malim, sed et magna res est et difficile certamen cum cupido, cum locuplete, cum herede. Etsi de cupiditate nemini concedam; ceteris rebus inferiores sumus. Sed haec coram.

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|XLVIII.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. Lanuvi XVI K. Iun. mane a. 709 (45).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
Hirti librum, ut facis, divulga. De Philotimo idem et ego arbitrabar. Domum tuam pluris video futuram vicino Caesare. Tabellarium meum hodie exspectamus. Nos de Pilia et Attica certiores faciet.

Domi te libenter esse facile credo. Sed velim scire, quid tibi restet, aut iamne confeceris. Ego te in Tusculano exspecto eoque magis, quod Tironi statim te venturum scripsisti et addidisti te putare opus esse.

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|XLIX.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. in Tusculano XIV K. Iun. a. 709 (45).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
{{pn|49.1|1}}Sentiebam omnino, quantum mihi praesens prodesses, sed multo magis post discessum tuum sentio. Quam ob rem, ut ante ad te scripsi, aut ego ad te † totus aut tu ad me, quod licebit.

{{pn|49.2|2}}Heri non multo post, quam tu a me discessisti, puto, quidam urbani, ut videbantur, ad me mandata et litteras attulerunt a. C. Mario C. f. C. n. multis verbis ‘agere mecum per cognationem, quae mihi secum esset, per eum Marium, quem scripsissem, per eloquentiam L. Crassi, avi sui, ut se defenderem’, causamque suam mihi perscripsit. Rescripsi patrono illi nihil opus esse, quoniam Caesaris, propinqui eius, omnis potestas esset, viri optimi et hominis liberalissimi; me tamen ei fauturum. O tempora! fore cum dubitet Curtius consulatum petere! Sed haec hactenus.

{{pn|49.3|3}}De Tirone mihi curae est. Sed iam sciam, quid agat. Heri enim misi, qui videret; cui etiam ad te litteras dedi. Epistulam ad Ciceronem tibi misi. Horti quam in diem proscripti sint, velim ad me scribas.

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|L.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. in Tusculano XV K. Iun. a. 709 (45).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
{{ancora|50}}Ut me levarat tuus adventus, sic discessus adflixit. Quare, cum poteris, id est cum Sexti auctioni operam dederis, revises nos. Vel unus dies mihi erit utilis, quid dicam ‘gratus’? Ipse Romam venirem, ut una essemus, si satis consultum quadam de re haberem.

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|LI.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. in Tusculano XIII K. Iun. a. 709 (45).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
{{pn|51.1|1}}Tironem habeo citius, quam verebar. Venit etiam Nicias, et Valerium hodie audiebam esse venturum. Quamvis multi sint, magis tamen ero solus, quam si unus esses. Sed exspecto te, a Peducaeo utique, tu autem significas aliquid etiam ante. Verum id quidem, ut poteris.

{{pn|51.2|2}}De Vergilio, ut scribis. Hoc tamen velim scire, quando auctio. Epistulam ad Caesarem mitti video tibi placere. Quid quaeris? mihi quoque hoc idem maxime placuit et eo magis, quod nihil est in ea nisi optimi civis, sed ita optimi, ut tempora; quibus parere omnes {{Graeca|πολιτικοὶ}} praecipiunt. Sed scis ita nobis esse visum, ut isti ante legerent. Tu igitur id curabis. Sed, nisi plane iis intelleges placere, mittenda non est. Id autem utrum illi sentiant anne simulent, tu intelleges. Mihi simulatio pro repudiatione fuerit. {{Graeca|Τοῦτο δὲ μηλώσῃ}}.

{{pn|51.3|3}}De Caerellia quid tibi placeret, Tiro mihi narravit; debere non esse dignitatis meae, perscriptionem tibi placere:
::‘Hoc métuere, alterum ín metu non pónere.’
{{indent|Sed et haec et multa alia coram. Sustinenda tamen, si tibi videbitur, solutio est nominis Caerelliani, dum et de Metone et de Faberio sciamus.|0}}

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|LII.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. in Tusculano XII K. Iun. a. 709 (45).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
{{pn|52.1|1}}L. Tullium Montanum nosti; qui cum Cicerone profectus est. Ab eius sororis viro litteras accepi Montanum Planco debere, quod praes pro Flaminio sit, HS X̅X̅; de ea re nescio quid te a Montano rogatum. Sane velim, sive Plancus est rogandus sive qua re potes illum iuvare, iuves. Pertinet ad nostrum officium. Si res tibi forte notior est quam mihi, aut si Plancum rogandum putas, scribas ad me velim, ut, quid rei sit et quid rogandum, sciam. {{pn|52.2|2}}De epistula ad Caesarem quid egeris, exspecto. De Silio non ita sane laboro. Tu mi aut Scapulanos aut Clodianos efficias necesse est. Sed nescio quid videris dubitare de Clodia; utrum quando veniat, an sintne venales? Sed quid est, quod audio Spintherem fecisse divortium?

{{pn|52.3|3}}De lingua Latina securi es animi. Dices: ‘Qui talia a conscribis?’ {{Graeca|Ἀπόγραφα}} sunt, minore labore fiunt; verba tantum adfero, quibus abundo.

{{c|{{x-maior|{{ancora+|LIII.}}}}&lt;br&gt;Scr. in Tusculano xi K. Iun. a. 709 (45).&lt;br&gt;CICERO ATTICO SAL.}}
{{pn|53.1|1}}Ego, etsi nihil habeo, quod ad te scribam, scribo tamen, quia tecum loqui videor. Hic nobiscum sunt Nicias et Valerius. Hodie tuas litteras exspectabamus matutinas. Erunt fortasse alterae posmeridianae, nisi te Epiroticae litterae impedient; quas ego non interpello. Misi ad te epistulas ad Marcianum et ad Montanum. Eas in eundem fasciculum velim addas, nisi forte iam dedisti.
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  <page>
    <title>Naturalis Historia/Liber XXVII</title>
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|OperaeWikiPagina= Naturalis Historia
|Annus= 77 - 78 p.C.n.
|SubTitulus= Liber XXVII
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{{Liber
|Ante= Liber XXVI
|AnteNomen= Naturalis Historia/Liber XXVI
|Post= Liber XXVIII
|PostNomen= Naturalis Historia/Liber XXVIII
}}

== I ==
{{Ancora+|1}}
Crescit profecto apud me certe tractatu ipso admiratio antiquitatis, quantoque maior copia herbarum dicenda restat, tanto magis adorare priscorum in inveniendo curam, in tradendo benignitatem subit. nec dubie superata hoc modo posset videri etiam rerum naturae ipsius munificentia, si humani operis esset inventio.


{{Ancora+|2}} nunc vero deorum fuisse eam apparet aut certe divinam, etiam cum homo inveniret, eandemque omnium parentem et genuisse haec et ostendisse, nullo vitae miraculo maiore, si verum fateri volumus. Scythicam herbam a Maeotis paludibus et Euphorbeam e monte Atlante ultraque Herculis columnas ex ipso rerum naturae defectu, parte alia Britannicam ex oceani insulis extra terris positis,


{{Ancora+|3}} itemque Aethiopidem ab exusto sideribus axe, alias praeterea aliunde ultro citroque humanae saluti in toto orbe portari, inmensa Romanae pacis maiestate non homines modo diversis inter se terris gentibusque, verum etiam montes et excedentia in nubes iuga partusque eorum et herbas quoque invicem ostentante! aeternum, quaeso, deorum sit munus istud! adeo Romanos velut alteram lucem dedisse rebus humanis videntur.


== II ==
{{Ancora+|4}} Sed antiquorum curam diligentiamque quis possit satis venerari? constat omnium venenorum ocissimum esse aconitum et tactis quoque genitalibus feminini sexus animalium eodem die inferre mortem. hoc fuit venenum, quo interemptas dormientes a Calpurnio Bestia uxores M. Caelius accusator obiecit. hinc illa atrox peroratio eius in digitum. ortum fabulae narravere e spumis Cerberi canis extrahente ab inferis Hercule ideoque apud Heracleam Ponticam, ubi monstratur is ad inferos aditus, gigni.


{{Ancora+|5}} hoc quoque tamen in usus humanae salutis vertere scorpionum ictibus adversari experiendo datum in vino calido. ea est natura, ut hominem occidat, nisi invenerit quod in homine perimat. cum eo solo conluctatur veluti praesentius invento, [sola haec pugna est, cum venenum in visceribus reperit mirumque, exitialia per se ambo cum sint, duo venena in homine conmoriuntur, ut homo supersit.


{{Ancora+|6}} immo vero etiam ferarum remedia antiqui prodiderunt demonstrando, quomodo venenata quoque ipsa sanarentur. torpescunt scorpiones aconiti tactu stupentque pallentes et vinci se confitentur. auxiliatur iis helleborum album tactu resolvente, ceditque aconitum duobus malis, suo et omnium. quae si quis ulla forte ab homine excogitari potuisse credit, ingrate deorum munera intellegit.


{{Ancora+|7}} tangunt carnes aconito necantque gustatu earum pantheras, nisi hoc fieret, repleturas illos situs. ob id quidam pardalianches appellavere. at illas statim liberari morte excrementorum hominis gustu demonstratum. quod certe casu repertum quis dubitet et, quotiens fiat, etiam nunc ut novum nasci, quoniam feris ratio et usus inter se tradi non possit?


{{Ancora+|8}} hic ergo casus, hic est ille qui pluruma in vita invenit deus — hoc habet nomen per quem intellegitur eadem et parens rerum omnium et magistra —, utraque coniectura pari, sive ista cotidie feras invenire sive semper scire iudicemus. pudendumque rursus omnia animalia, quae sint salutaria ipsis, nosse praeter hominem.


{{Ancora+|9}} sed maiores oculorum quoque medicamentis aconitum misceri saluberrime promulgavere aperta professione, ne malum quidem ullum esse sine aliquo bono. fas ergo nobis erit, qui nulla diximus venena, monstrare quale sit aconitum, vel deprehendendi gratia. folia habet cyclamini aut cucumeris, non plura IIII, ab radice, leniter hirsuta, radicem modicam, cammaro similem marino; quare quidam cammaron appellavere, alii thelyphonon ex qua diximus causa. cauda radicis incurvatur paulum scorpionum modo, quare et scorpion aliqui vocavere. nec defuere qui myoctonon appellare mallent, quoniam procul et e longinquo odore mures necat.


{{Ancora+|10}} nascitur in nudis cautibus, quas aconas nominant, et ideo aconitum aliqui dixere, nullo iuxta, ne pulvere quidem, nutriente. hanc aliqui rationem nominis adtulere; alii, quoniam vis eadem esset in morte, quae cotibus in ferri acie deterenda, statimque admota velocitas sentiretur.


== III ==
{{Ancora+|11}} Aethiopis folia habet phlomo similia, magna ac multa et hirsuta, ab radice, caulem quadriangulum, scabrum, similem arctio, multis concavum alis, semen ervo simile, candidum, geminum, radices numerosas, longas, plenas, molles, glutinosas gustu. siccae nigrescunt indurescuntque, ut cornua videri possint.


{{Ancora+|12}} praeter Aethiopiam nascuntur et in Ida monte Troadis et in Messenia. colliguntur autumno, siccantur in sole aliquot diebus, ne situm sentiant. medentur volvis potae in vino albo, ischiadicis, pleuriticis, faucibus scabris decoctae potui dantur. sed quae ex Aethiopia venit, eximie atque ilico prodest.


== IV ==
{{Ancora+|13}} Ageraton ferulacea est, duorum palmorum altitudine, origano similis, flore bullis aureis. huius ustae nidor urinam ciet volvasque purgat, tanto magis insidentibus. causa nominis [non haec, sed quoniam diutissime non marcescit.


== V ==
{{Ancora+|14}} Aloe scillae similitudinem habet, maior et pinguioribus foliis, ex obliquo striata. caulis eius tener est, rubens medius, non dissimilis antherici, radice una, ceu palo in terram demissa; ipsa gravis odore, gustu amara. laudatissima ex India adfertur, sed nascitur et in Asia, non tamen ea utuntur nisi ad volnera recentibus foliis, mirifice enim conglutinant suco. ob id in turbinibus cadorum eam serunt ut aizoum maius.


{{Ancora+|15}} quidam et caulem ante maturitatem seminis incidunt suci gratia, aliqui et folia. invenitur et per se lacrima adhaerens; ergo pavimentandum ubi sata sit censent, ut lacrima non absorbeatur. fuere qui traderent in Iudaea super Hierosolyma metallicam eius naturam, sed nulla magis inproba est, neque alia nigrior est aut umidior.


{{Ancora+|16}} erit ergo optima pinguis ac nitida, rufi coloris, friabilis et iocineris modo coacta, facile liquescens; inprobanda nigra et dura, harenosa, quaeque gustu intellegitur, cummi adulterata et acacia. natura eius spissare, densare et leniter calfacere; usus multi, sed principalis alvum solvere, cum paene sola medicamentum, quae id praestant, confirmet etiam stomachum, adeo non infestet ulla vi contraria.


{{Ancora+|17}} bibitur drachma, ad stomachi vero dissolutionem in II cyathis aquae tepidae vel frigidae coclearis mensura bis terve in die ex intervallis, ut res exigit, purgationis autem causa plurimum III drachmis, efficacior, si pota ea sumitur cibus. capillum fluentem continet cum vero austero capite contra pilum peruncto. dolorem capitis sedat temporibus et fronti inposita ex aceto et rosaceo dilutiorque infusa.


{{Ancora+|18}} oculorum vitia omnia sanari ea convenit, privatim prurigines et scabritiem genarum, item insignita ac livida inlita cum melle, maxime Pontico, tonsillas, gingivas et omnia oris ulcera, sanguinis excreationes, si modicae sint, drachma ex aqua, si minus, ex aceto pota. vulnerum quoque sanguinem et undecumque fluentem sistit per se vel ex aceto.


{{Ancora+|19}} ls etiam est vulneribus utilissima ad cicatricem perducens. eadem inspergitur exulceratis genitalibus virorum, condylomatis rimisque sedis, alias ex vino, alias ex passo, alias sicca per se, ut exigat mitiganda curatio aut coercenda. haemorrhoidum quoque abundantium leniter sistit.


{{Ancora+|20}} dysenteriae infunditur et, si difficilius concoquantur cibi, bibitur a cena modico intervallo, et in regio morbo III obolis ex aqua; devorantur et pilulae cum melle decocto aut resina terebinthina ad purganda interiora. digitorum pterygia tollit. oculorum medicamentis lavatur, ut quod sit harenosissimum subsidat, aut torretur in testa pinnaque subinde versatur, ut possit aequaliter torreri. —


== VI ==
{{Ancora+|21}} Alcea folia habet similia verbenacae, quae aristereon cognominatur, caules III aut IIII, foliorum plenos, florem rosae, radices albas cum plurimum VI, cubitales, obliquas. nascitur in pingui solo nec sicco. usus radicis ex vino vel aqua dysentericis, alvo citae, ad rupta, convulsa. —


== VII ==
{{Ancora+|22}} Alypon cauliculus est, molli capite, non dissimile betae, acre gustu ac lentum mordensque vehementer et accendens. alvum solvit in aqua mulsa addito sale modico. minima potio II drachmarum, media IIII, maxima VI, eximia purgatione quibus datur e gallinaceo iure. —


== VIII ==
{{Ancora+|23}} Alsine, quam quidam myosoton appellant, nascitur in lucis, unde et alsine dicta est. incipit a media hieme, arescit aestate media. cum prorepit, musculorum aures imitatur foliis. sed aliam docebimus esse quae iustius myosotis vocetur. haec eadem erat quae helxine, nisi minor minusque hirsuta esset. nascitur in hortis et maxime parietibus. cum teritur, odorem cucumeris reddit.


{{Ancora+|24}} usus eius ad collectiones inflammationesque, item eadem omnia quae helxines, sed infirmius. epiphoris peculiariter inponitur, item verendis ulceribusque cum farina hordeacia. sucus eius auribus infunditur. —


== IX ==
{{Ancora+|25}} Androsaces herba est alba, amara, sine foliis, folliculos in cirris habens et in his semen. nascitur in maritimis Syriae. maxime datur hydropicis drachmis II tusa aut decocta in aqua vel aceto vel vino; vehementer enim urinas ciet. datur et podagricis inliniturque. idem effectus et seminis. —


== X ==
{{Ancora+|26}} Androsaemon sive, ut alii appellavere, ascyron non absimile est hyperico, de qua diximus, cauliculis maioribus densioribusque et magis rubentibus. folia alba, rutae figura, semen papaveris nigri. comae tritae sanguineo suco manant; odor est resinosus. gignitur in vineis, fere medio autumno effoditur suspenditurque.


{{Ancora+|27}} usus ad purgandam alvum tusae cum semine potaeque matutino vel a cena II drachmis in aqua mulsa vel vino vel aqua pura, potionis totius sextario. trahit bilem, prodest ischiadi maxime, sed postero die capparis radicem resinae permixtae devorare oportet drachmae pondere iterumque quadridui intervallo eadem facere, a purgatione autem ipsa robustiores vinum bibere, infirmiores aquam. inponitur et podagris et ambustis, et volneribus cohibens sanguinem. —


== XI ==
{{Ancora+|28}} Ambrosia vagi nominis et circa alias herbas fluctuati unam habet certam, densam, ramosam, tenuem, III fere palmorum, tertia parte radice breviore, foliis rutae circa imum caulem. in ramulis semen est uvis dependentibus, odore vinoso, qua de causa botrys a quibusdam vocatur, ab aliis Artemisia. coronantur illa Cappadoces. usus eius ad ea, quae discuti opus sit. —


== XII ==
{{Ancora+|29}} Anonim quidam ononida malunt vocare, ramosam, similem faeno Graeco, nisi fruticosior hirsutiorque esset. odore iucunda, post ver spinosa. estur etiam muria condita, recens vero margines ulcerum erodit. radix decoquitur in posca dolori dentium. eadem cum melle pota calculos pellit. comitialibus datur in oxymelite decocta ad dimidias. —


== XIII ==
{{Ancora+|30}} Anagyros, quam aliqui acopon vocant, fruticosa est, gravis odore, flore oleris, semen in corniculis non brevibus gignit, simile renibus, quod durescit per messes. folia collectionibus inponuntur difficulterque parientibus adalligantur ita, ut a partu statim auferantur. quod si emortuus haereat et secundae mensesque morentur, drachma bibuntur in passo folia. sic et suspiriosis dantur et in vino vetere ad phalangiorum morsus. radix discutiendis concoquendisque adhibetur, semen commanducatum vomitiones facit. —


== XIV ==
{{Ancora+|31}} Anonymos non inveniendo nomen invenit. adfertur e Scythia, celebrata Hicesio, non parvae auctoritatis medico, item Aristogitoni in volneribus praeclara, ex aqua tusa inposita, pota vero mammis praecordiisve percussis, item sanguinem excreantibus. putavere et bibendam volneratis. fabulosa arbitror quae adiciuntur, recentem eam, si uratur, in ferrum aut aes feruminari. —


== XV ==
{{Ancora+|32}} Aparinen aliqui omphalocarpon, alii philanthropon vocant, ramosam, hirsutam, quinis senisve in orbem circa ramos foliis per intervalla. semen rotundum, durum, concavum, subdulce. nascitur in frumentario agro aut hortis pratisve, asperitate etiam vestium tenaci. efficax contra serpentes semine poto ex vino drachma et contra phalangia. sanguinis abundantiam ex volneribus reprimunt folia inposita, sucus auribus infunditur. —


== XVI ==
{{Ancora+|33}} Arction aliqui potius arcturum vocant. similis est verbasco foliis, nisi quod hirsutiora sunt, caule longo, molli, semine cumini. nascitur in petrosis radice tenera, alba, dulci, quae decoquitur in vino ad dentium dolorem, ut ore ita contineatur. decoctum bibitur propter ischiada et stranguriam. ex vino ambustis inponitur et pernionibus; foventur eadem cum radice semine trito in vino. —


== XVII ==
{{Ancora+|34}} Asplenon sunt qui hemionion vocant, foliis trientalibus, multis, radice limosa, cavernosa sicut felicis, candida hirsuta. nec caulem nec florem nec semen habet. nascitur in petris parietibusque opacis, umidis, laudatissima in Creta. huius foliorum in aceto decocto per dies XXX poto lienem absumi aiunt; et illinuntur autem eadem. sedant et singultus. feminis non danda, quoniam sterilitatem facit. —


== XVIII ==
{{Ancora+|35}} Asclepias folia hederae habet, ramos longos, radices numerosas, tenues, odoratas, floris virus frave, semen securiclatum. nascitur in montibus. radices torminibus medentur et contra serpentium ictus non solum potu, sed et inlitu. —


== XIX ==
{{Ancora+|36}} Aster ab aliquis bubonion appellatur, quoniam inguinum praesentaneum remedium est. cauliculus foliis oblongis II aut III, in cacumine capitula stellae modo radiata. bibitur et adversus serpentes. sed ad inguinum medicinam sinistra manu decerpi iubent et iuxta cinctus alligari. prodest et coxendicis dolori adalligata. —


== XX ==
{{Ancora+|37}} Ascyron et ascyroides similia sunt inter se et hyperico, sed maiores habet ramos quod ascyroides vocatur, ferulaceos, coma rubentes, capitulis parvis, luteis. semen in caliculis pusillum, nigrum, resinosum. comae tritae velut cruentant, qua de causa quidam hanc androsaemon vocavere. usus seminis ad ischiadicos poti II drachmis in hydromelitis sextario. alvum solvit, bilem detrahit. inlinitur et ambustis. —


== XXI ==
{{Ancora+|38}} Aphaca tenuia admodum folia habet, pusilla. altior lenticula et siliquas maiores fert, in quibus terna aut quaterna semina sunt, nigriora et minora lenticula. nascitur in arvis. natura ad spissandum efficacior quam lenti; reliquos usus eosdem habet. stomachi alvique fluctiones sistit semen decoctum. —


== XXII ==
{{Ancora+|39}} Alcibium qualis esset herba, non repperi apud auctores, sed radicem eius et folia trita ad serpentis morsum inponi et bibi, folia quantum manus capita trita cum vini meri cyathis III aut radicem drachmarum IIIpondere cum vini eadem mensura. —


== XXIII ==
{{Ancora+|40}} Alectoros lophos, quae apud nos crista dicitur, folia habet similia gallinacei cristae plura, caulem tenuem, semen nigrum in siliquis. utilis tussientibus cocta cum faba fresa, melle addito et caligini oculorum. solidum semen coicitur in oculum nec turbat, sed in se caliginem contrahit; mutat colorem et ex nigro albicare incipit et intumescit ac per se exit. —


== XXIV ==
{{Ancora+|41}} Alum nos vocamus, Graeci symphyton petraeum, simile cunilae bubulae, foliis parvis, ramis III aut IIII a radice, cacuminibus thymi, surculosum, odoratum, gustu dulce, salivam ciens, radice longa, rutila. nascitur in petris, ideo petraeum cognominatum, utilissimum lateribus, renibus, torminibus, pectori, pulmonibus, sanguinem reicientibus, faucibus asperis. bibitur radix trita et in vino decocta, et aliquando superlinitur.


{{Ancora+|42}} quin et commanducata sitim sedat praecipueque pulmonem refrigerat. luxatis quoque inponitur et contusis, lenit interanea. alvum sistit cocta in cinere detractisque folliculis trita cum piperis granis VIIII et ex aqua pota. volneribus sanandis tanta praestantia est, ut carnes quoque, dum cocuntur, conglutinet addita, unde et Graeci nomen inposuere. ossibus quoque fractis medetur,


== XXV ==

alga rufa scorpionum ictibus. —


== XXVI ==
{{Ancora+|43}} Actaea gravi foliorum odore, caulibus asperis, geniculatis, semine nigro ut hederae, bacis mollibus, nascitur in opacis et asperis aquosisque. datur acetabulo pleno interioribus feminarum morbis. —


== XXVII ==
{{Ancora+|44}} Ampelos agria vocatur herba foliis duris, cineracei coloris, qualem in satis diximus, viticulis longis, callosis, rubentibus qualiter flox quam Iovis flammam appellamus. in uvolis fert semen simile Punici mali acinis. radix eius decocta in aquae cyathis ternis, additis vini Coi cyathis II, alvum solvit leniter ideoque hydropicis datur. uvolae vitia cutis in facie mulierum emendant. ischiadicos quoque uti hac herba prodest tusa cum foliis et inlita cum suco suo.


== XXVIII ==
{{Ancora+|45}} Absinthii genera plura sunt: Santonicum appellatur e Galliae civitate, Ponticum e Ponto, ubi pecora pinguescunt illo et ob id sine felle reperiuntur, neque aliud praestantius, multoque Italicum amarius, sed medulla Pontici dulcis. de usu eius convenit, herbae facillimae atque inter paucas utilissimae, praeterea sacris populi Romani celebratae peculiariter, siquidem Latinarum feriis quadrigae certant in Capitolio victorque absinthium bibit, credo, sanitatem praemio dari honorifice arbitratis maioribus.


{{Ancora+|46}} stomachum corroborat, et ob hoc sapor eius in vina transfertur, ut diximus. bibitur et decoctum aqua ac postea nocte et die refrigeratum sub diu; decoci VI drachmis foliorum cum ramis suis in caelestis aquae sextariis III oportet, nec non salem addi vetustissimi usus est. bibitur et madefacti dilutum; ita enim appelletur hoc genus. diluti ratio ut, quisquis fuerit modus aquae, tegatur per triduum.


{{Ancora+|47}} tritum raro in usu est, sicut et sucus expressi. exprimitur autem, cum primum semen turgescit, madefactum aqua triduo recens aut siccum VII diebus, dein coctum in aëneo vaso ad tertias X heminis in aquae sextariis XLV iterumque percolatum, herba electa, coquitur ad crassitudinem mellis, qualiter ex minore centaurio capitique est, cum sit ille decoctus saluberrimus.


{{Ancora+|48}} namque adstringit stomachum bilemque detrahit, urinam ciet, alvum emollit et in dolore sanat, ventris animalia pellit, malaciam stomachi et inflationes discutit cum sile et nardo Gallico, aceti exiguo addito, fastidia absterget, concoctiones adiuvat, cruditates detrahit cum ruta et pipere et sale. antiqui purgationis causa dabant cum marinae aquae veteris sextario seminis VI drachmas cum III salis, mellis cyatho; efficacius purgat duplicat sale.


{{Ancora+|49}} diligenter autem teri debet propter difficultatem. quidam et in polenta dedere supra dictum pondus, addito puleio, alii pueris [folia in fico sicca, ut amaritudinem fallerent. thoracem purgat cum iride sumptum. in regio morbo crudum bibitur cum apio aut adianto. adversus inflationes calidum paulatim sorbetur ex aqua, iocineris causa cum Gallico nardo, lienis cum aceto aut pulte aut fico sumitur.


{{Ancora+|50}} adversatur fungis ex aceto, item visco, cicutae ex vino et muris aranei morsibus, draconi marino, scorpionibus. oculorum claritati multum confert, epiphoris cum passo inponitur, suggillatis cum melle. aures decocti eius vapor suffitu sanat aut, si manent sanie, cum melle tritum. urinam ac menses cient III IIIIve ramuli cum Gallici nardi radice una, cyathis aquae VI, menses privatim cum melle sumptum et in vellere adpositum.


{{Ancora+|51}} anginae subvenit cum melle et nitro. epinyctidas ex aqua sant, volnera recentia prius quam aqua tangantur inpositum, praeterea capitis ulcera. peculiariter ilibus inponitur cum Cypria cera aut cum fico. sanat et pruritus. non est dandum in febri.


{{Ancora+|52}} nausiam maris arcet in navigationibus potum, inguinum tumorem in ventrali habitum. somnos adlicit olfactum aut insco sub capite positum. vestibus insertum tineas arcet. culices ex oleo perunctis abigit et fumo, si uratur. atramentum librarium ex diluto eius temperatum litteras a musculis tuetur. capillum denigrat absinthii cinis unguento rosaceoque permixtus. —


== XXIX ==
{{Ancora+|53}} Est et absinthium marinum, quod quidam seriphum vocant, probatissimum in Taposiri Aegypti. huius ramum Isiaci praeferre sollemne habent. angustius priore minusque amarum, stomacho inimicum, alvum mollit pellitque animalia interaneorum. bibitur cum oleo et sale aut in farinae trimestris sorbitione dilutum. coquitur quantum manus capiat in aquae sextario ad dimidias.


== XXX ==
{{Ancora+|54}} Balloten alio nomine porrum nigrum Graeci vocant, herbam fruticosam angulosis caulibus, nigris, hirsutis, foliis vestientibus maioribus quam porri et nigrioribus, graveolentibus. vis eius efficax adversus canis morsus ex sale foliis tritis inpositae, item ad condylomata coctis cinere in folio oleris. purgat et sordida ulcera cum melle. —


== XXXI ==
{{Ancora+|55}} Botrys fruticosa herba est luteis ramulis. semen circa totos nascitur, folia cichorio similia. invenitur in torrentium ripis. medetur orthopnoicis. hoc Cappadoces ambrosiam vocant, alii Artemisiam. —


== XXXII ==

Brabilla spissandi vim habet cotonei mali modo, nec amplius de ea tradunt auctores. —


== XXXIII ==
{{Ancora+|56}} Bryon marinum herba sine dubitatione est lactucae foliis similis, rugosa velut contracta, since caule ab una radice exeuntibus foliis. nascitur in scopulis maxime testique terra conprehensis. praecipua siccandi spissandique vis ei et collectiones inflammationesque omnes inhibendi, praecipue podagrae et quicquid refrigerari opus sit. —


== XXXIV ==
{{Ancora+|57}} Bupleuri semen ad ictus serpentium dari reperio foverique plagas decocta ea herba adiectis foliis mori aut origani.


== XXXV ==

Catanancen Thessalam herbam, qualis sit, describi a nobis supervacuum est, cum sit usus eius amatoria tantum. illud non ab re est dixisse ad detegendas magicas vanitates, electam ad hunc usum coniectura, quoniam arescens contraheret se ad speciem unguium milui exanimati. eadem ex causa et cemos silebitur nobis. —


== XXXVI ==
{{Ancora+|58}} Calyx duorum generum est. una similis aro nascitur in arationibus, colligitur ante quam inarescat. usus eosdem habet quos aris, at bibitur radix quoque huius ad exinaniendas alvos mensesque mulierum, item caules cum foliis in leguminibus decocti sanant tenesmon.


== XXXVII ==
{{Ancora+|59}} alterum genus eius quidam anchusam vocant, alii rhinocliam. folia lactucae longiora, plumosa, radice rubra, quae ignes sacros cum flore polentae sanat inposita, iocineris autem vitia in vino albo pota. —


== XXXVIII ==
{{Ancora+|60}} Circaea trychno sativo similis est, flore nigro, pusillo, parvo semine milii nascente in quibusdam corniculis, radice semipedali, triplici fere aut quadruplici, alba, odorata, gustus calidi. nascitur in apricis saxis. diluitur in vino bibiturque ad dolorem vulvae et vitia — macerari oportet in sextariis IIIquadrantem radicis tusae nocte et die — et trahit eadem potione secundas, semine lac [minuit in vino aut mulsa aqua poto. —


== XXXIX ==
{{Ancora+|61}} Cirsion cauliculus est tener II cubitorum, triangulo similis, foliis spinosis circumdatus. spinae molles sunt; folia bovis linguae similia, minora, subcandida, in cacumine capitula purpurea, quae solvuntur in lanugines. hanc herbam radicemve eius adalilgatam dolores varicum sanare tradunt. —


== XL ==
{{Ancora+|62}} Crataegonon spicae tritici simile est, multis calamis ex una radice emicantibus multorumque geniculorum, in opacis, semine milii, vehementer aspero gustu, quod si bibant ex vino ante conceptum diebus XL, virilis sexus partum futurum aiunt.


{{Ancora+|63}} et alia est crataegonos, quae thelygonos vocetur; differentia intellegitur lenitate gustus. sunt qui florem crataegoni bibentes mulierum intra XL diem concipere tradant. eadem sanant ulcera vetera nigra cum melle et explent sinus ulcerum et atropha carnosiora faciunt, purulenta expurgant; panos discutiunt, podagras collectionesque omnes leniunt, peculiariter mammarum. Theophrastus arboris genus intellegi voluit crataegon sive crataegoa, quam Itali aquifolium vocant. —


== XLI ==
{{Ancora+|64}} Crocodileon chamaeleonis herbae nigrae figuram habet, radice longa, aequaliter crassa, odoris asperi. naskin sabuletis. pota sanguinem per nares pellit copiosum crassumque; ita et lienes consumere dicitur. —


== XLII ==
{{Ancora+|65}} Cynosorchim aliqui orchim vocant, foliis oleae, mollibus, ternis per semipedem longitudinis in terra stratis, radice bulbosa, oblonga, duplici ordine, superiore quae durior est, inferiore quae mollior. eduntur, ut bulbi coctae, in vineis fere inventae. ex his radicibus si maiorem edant viri, mares generari dicunt, si minorem feminae, alterum sexum. in Thessalia molliorem in lacte caprino viri bibunt ad stimulandos coitus, duriorem vero ad inhibendos. adversantur altera alteri. —


== XLIII ==
{{Ancora+|66}} Chrysolachanum in pineto lactucae simile nascitur. sanat nervos incisos, si confestim inpoonatur. et alibi genus chrysolachani traditur, flore aureo, foliis oleris. coctum estur ut olus molle. haec herba adalligata morbum regium habentibus ita, ut spectari ab his possit, sanare id malum traditur.


{{Ancora+|67}} de chrysolachano nec satis dici scio nec plura reperio. namque et hoc vitio laboravere proximi utique herbarii nostri, quod ipsis notas veluti vulgares strictim et nominibus tantum indicavere, tamquam coagulo terrae alvum sisti, stranguriam dissolvi, si bibatur ex aqua aut vino,


== XLIV ==
{{Ancora+|68}} cuculli folia trita cum aceto serpentium ictibus et scorpionum mederi. quidam hanc alio nomine strumum appellant, alii Graece strychnum. acinos habet nigros; ex his cyathus suci cum mulsi II medetur lumbis, item capitis dolori cum rosaceo infusus, ipsa strumae inlita. —


== XLV ==
{{Ancora+|69}} Peculiaris est Alpinis maxime fluminibus conferva appellata a conferuminando, spongea aquarum dulcium verius quam muscus aut herba, villosae densitatis atque fistulosae. curatum e scio omnibus fere ossibus confractis prolapsum ex arbore alta putatorem, circumdata universo corpori, aquam suam adspergentibus, quotiens inarescit, raroque nec nisi deficientem herbam celeritate. —


== XLVI ==
{{Ancora+|70}} Cocco Cnidio color cocci, magnitudo grano piperis maior, vis ardens; itaque in pane devoratur, ne adurat gulam transitu. vis praesentanea contra cicutam, sistit alvum.


== XLVII ==
{{Ancora+|71}} Dipsacos folia habet lactucae bullasque spinosas in dorsi medio, caulem II cubitorum iisdem spinis horridum, genicula eius binis foliis amplectentibus concavo alarum sinu, in quo subsistit ros salsus. in cacumine capitula sunt echinata spinis. nascitur in aquosisi. sanat rimas sedis, item fistulas decocta in vino radice usque, dum sit crassitudo cerae, ut possit in fistulas collyrium mitti, item verrucas omnium generum. quidam et alarum, quas supra diximus, sucum inlinunt iis. —


== XLVIII ==
{{Ancora+|72}} Dryopteris felici similis in arboribus nascitur, tenui foliorum subdulcium incisura, radice hirsuta. vis ei caustica, et ideo psilotrum est radix tusa, inlinitur enim usque, dum sudores evocet, iterum et tertium ita, ne sudor abluatur. —


== XLIX ==
{{Ancora+|73}} Drabe phono similis herba est, cauliculis tenuibus, cubitalibus, circumdatis utrimque foliis pollicari amplitudine, qualia oxymyrsines, sed candidioribus mollioribusque, flore candido sabuci. edunt cauliculos decoctos, semine vero eius pro pipere utuntur.


== L ==
{{Ancora+|74}} Elatine folia habet casiae, pusilla, pilosa, rotunda, semipedalibus ramulis quinis senisque, a radice statim foliosis. nascitur in segete, acerba gustu et ideo oculorum fluctionibus efficax foliis cum polenta tritis et inpositis, subdito linteolo. eadem cum lini semine cocta sorbitionis usu dysenteria liberat. —


== LI ==
{{Ancora+|75}} Empetros, quam nostri calcifragam vocant, nascitur in montibus maritimis, fere in saxo. quae propius mari fuit, salsa est potaque trahit bilem ac pituitas; quae longius magisque terrena, amarior sentitur. trahit aquam; sumitur autem in iure aliquo aut in hydromelite. vetustate vires perdit, recens urinas ciet decoctum in aqua vel tritum calculosque frangit. qui fidem promisso huic quaerunt, adfirmant lapillos, qui subfervefiant, una rumpi. —


== LII ==
{{Ancora+|76}} Epicactis ab aliis elleborine vocatur, parva herba, exiguis foliis, iocineris vitiis utilissima et contra venena pota. —


== LIII ==

Epimedion caulis est non magnus, hederae foliis denis atque duodenis, numquam florens, radice tenui, nigra, gravi odore ac . . . . . in umidis nascitur. et huic spissandi refrigerandique natura, feminis cavenda. folia in vino trita virginum mammas cohibent. —


== LIV ==
{{Ancora+|77}} Enneaphyllon longa folia novena habet, causticae naturae. inponitur lana circumdatum, ne urat latius — continuo pusulas excitat —, lumborum doloribus et coxendicum utilissimum.


== LV ==
{{Ancora+|78}} Felicis duo genera nec florem habent nec semen. pterim vocant Graeci, alii blachnon, cuius ex una radice conplures exeunt felices bina etiam cubita excedentes longitudine, non graves odore; hanc marem existimant. alterum genus thelypterim Graeci vocant, alii nymphaeam pterim; est autem singularis atque non fruticosa, brevior molliorque et densior, foliis ad radicem canaliculata.


{{Ancora+|79}} utriusque radice sues pinguescunt. folia utriusque lateribus pinnata, unde nomen Graeci inposuere. radices utriusque longae in oblicum, nigrae, praecipue cum inaruere; siccari autem eas sole oportet. nascuntur ubique, sed maxime frigido solo. effodi debent vergiliis occidentibus. usus radicis in trimatu tantum, neque ante nec postea. pellunt interaneorum animalia, ex his taenias cum melle, cetera ex vino dulci triduo potae, utraque stomacho inutilissima. alvum solvit primo bilem trahens, mox aquam, melius taenias cum scamonii pari pondere.


{{Ancora+|80}} radix eius pondere II obolorum ex aqua post unius diei abstinentiam bibitur, melle praegustato contra rheumatismos. neutra danda mulieribus, quoniam gravidis abortum, ceteris sterilitatem facit. farina earum ulceribus taetris inspergitur, iumentorum quoque in cervicibus. folia cimicem necant, serpentem non recipiunt; ideo substerni utile est in locis suspectis, usta etiam fugant nidore. fecere medici huius quoque herbae discrimen: optima Macedonica est, secunda Cassiopica. —


== LVI ==
{{Ancora+|81}} Femur bubulum appellatur herba, nervis et ipsa utilis recens in aceto ac sale trita.


== LVII ==

Galeopsis aut, ut alii, galeobdolon vel galion caulem et folia habet urticae leviora et quae gravem odorem trita reddant, flore purpureo. nascitur circa saepes ac semitas ubique. folia caulesque duritias et carcinomata ex aceto trita et inposita, item strumas, panos, parotidas discutiunt. ex usu est et decoctae suco fovere. putrescentia quoque et gangraenas sanat cum sale. —


== LVIII ==
{{Ancora+|82}} Glaux antiquitus eugalacton vocabatur, cytiso et lenticulae foliis similis; aversa candidiora. rami in terra serpunt quini seni, admodum tenues, a radice. flosculi purpurei exeunt. invenitur iuxta mare. coquitur in sorbitione simlaginis ad excitandam ubertatem lactis; eam qui hauserint, balineis uti convenit.


== LIX ==
{{Ancora+|83}} Glaucion in Syria et Parthia nascitur, humilis herba, densis foliis fere papaveris, minoribus tamen sordidioribusque, odoris taetri, gustus amari cum adstrictione. granum habet crocei coloris. hoc in olla fictili luto circumlita in clibanis calfaciunt, deinde exempto sucum exprimunt eiusdem nominis. usus et suci et foliorum, si terantur, adversus epiphoras, quae universo impetu cadant. hinc temperatur collyrium, quod medici dia glauciu vocant. — (lactis quoque ubertas intermissa restituitur; sumitur huius rei causa ex aqua). —


== LX ==
{{Ancora+|84}} Glycyside, quam aliqui Paeoniam aut pentorobon vocant, caulem habet II palmorum, comitantibus II aut III, subrutilum, cute lauri, folia qualia isatis, pinguiora rotundioraque et minora, semen in siliquis, aliud grano rubente, aliud nigro.


{{Ancora+|85}} duo autem genera sunt: femina existimatur cuius radicibus ceu balani longiores circiter VIII aut VI adhaerent. mas plures non habet, quoniam una radice nixus est palmi altitudine, candida, quae gustu adstringit. feminae folia murram redolent et densiora sunt. nascuntur in silvis. tradunt nocte effodiendas, quoniam interested periculosum sit pico Martio inpetum in oculos faciente; radix vero cum effodiatur, periculum esse, ne sedes procidat, magna vanitate ad ostentationem rei fictum arbitror. usus in iis diversus.


{{Ancora+|86}} rubra grana rubentes menses sistunt XV fere pota in vino nigro. nigra grana vulvis medentur ex passo aut vino totidem pota. radix omnes ventris dolores sedat in vino alvumque purgat, sanat opisthotonum, morbum regium, renes, vesicam, arteriam autem et stomachum decocta in vino, alvumque sistit. estur etiam in alimentis, sed in medendo IIIdrachmae satis sunt.


{{Ancora+|87}} grana nigra auxiliantur et suppressionibus nocturnis in vino pota quo dictum est numero, stomachicis vero et rosionibus et esse ea et inlinere prodest. suppurationes quoque discutiuntur, recentes nigro semine, veteres rubro. utrumque auxiliatur a serpente percussis et pueris contra calculos incipientes stranguria. —


== LXI ==
{{Ancora+|88}} Gnaphalium aliqui chamaezelon vocant, cuius foliis albis mollibusque pro tomento utuntur; sane et similia sunt. datur in vino austero ad dysenteriam, ventris solutiones mensesque mulierum sistit. infunditur autem tenesmo. inlinitur et putrescentibus ulcerum. —


== LXII ==
{{Ancora+|89}} Gallidragam vocat Xenocrates leucacantho similem, palustrem et spinosam, caule ferulaceo, alto, cui summo capite inhaereat simile ovo. in hoc crescente aestate vermiculos nasci tradit, quos pyxide conditos adalligari cum pane bracchio ab parte, qua dens doleat, mireque ilico dolorem tolli. valere non diutius anno et ita, si terram non adtigerint.


== LXIII ==
{{Ancora+|90}} Holcus in saxis nascitur siccis. aristas habet in cacumine, tenui culmo, quale hordeum restibile. haec circa caput alligata vel circa lacertum educit e corpore aristas. quidam ob id aristida vocant. —


== LXIV ==

Hyoseris intubo similis, sed minor et tactu asperior, vulneribus contusa praeclare medetur. —


== LXV ==
{{Ancora+|91}} Holosteon sine duritia est herba, ex adverso appellata a Graecis sicut fel dulce, radice tenuis usque in capillamenti speciem, longitudine IIII digitorum, ceu gramen foliis angustis, adstringens gustu. nascitur in collibus terrenis. usus eius ad vulsa, rupta in vino potae. volnera quoque conglutinat, nam et carnes, dum cocuntur, addita. —


== LXVI ==
{{Ancora+|92}} Hippophaeston nascitur in spinis, ex quibus fiunt aënae fulloniae, sine cauliculo, sine flore, capitulis tantum inanibus et foliis parvis, multis, herbacei coloris. radiculae albae, molles. sucus earum exprimitur aestate ad solvendam alvum III obolis, maxime in comitialibus morbis et tremulis, hydropicis, contra vertigines, orthopnoeas, paralysis incipientes. —


== LXVII ==
{{Ancora+|93}} Hypoglossa folia habet figura silvestris myrti, coma spinosa, et in his ceu linguas folio parvo exeunte de foliis. capitis dolores corona ex iis inposita minuit. —


== LXVIII ==

Hypecoon in segetibus nascitur, foliis rutae. natura eius eadem quae papaveris suco.


== LXIX ==

Idaeae herbae folia sunt quae oxymyrsines. adhaerent iis velut pampini, in quibus flos. ipsa alvum mensesque et omnem abundantiam sanguinis sistit spissandi cohibendique natura. —


== LXX ==
{{Ancora+|94}} Isopyron aliqui phaselion vocant, quoniam folium, quod est aneso simile, in passeoli pampinos torquetur. capitula sunt in summo caule tenuia, plena seminis melanthi, contra tussim et cetera pectoris vitia cum melle aut aqua mulsa, item iocineri utilissimi.


== LXXI ==
{{Ancora+|95}} Lathyris folia habet multa lactucae similia, tenuiora, germina multa, in quibus semen tuniculis continetur, ut capparis, quae cum inaruere, eximuntur grana piperis magnitudine, candida, dulcia, facilia purgatu. haec vicena in aqua pura aut mulsa pota hydropicos sanant; trahunt et bilem. qui vehementius purgari volunt, cum folliculis ipsis sumunt ea, nam stomachum laedunt; itaque inventum est ut cum pisce aut iure gallinacei sumerentur. —


== LXXII ==
{{Ancora+|96}} Leontopetalon alii rapadion vocant, folio brassicae, caule semipedali. alae numerosae, semen in cacumine in siliquis ciceris modo, radix rapo similis, grandis, nigra. nascitur in arvis. radix adversatur omnibus serpentium generibus ex vino pota, nec alia res celerius proficit. datur et ischiadicis. —


== LXXIII ==
{{Ancora+|97}} Lycapsos longioribus quam lactucae foliis crassioribusque, cauli longo hirsutis adgnatis, multis, cubitalibus, flore parvo, purpureo; nascitur in campestribus. inlinitur cum farina hordeacea igni sacro; sudores in febribus movet suco aquae calidae admixto. —


== LXXIV ==
{{Ancora+|98}} Inter omnes herbas lithospermo nihil est mirabilius. aliqui exonychon vocant, alii Διος πυρον, alii Ηρακλεους. herba quincuncialis fere, foliis duplo maioribus quam rutae, ramulis surculosis, crassitudine iunci. gerit iuxta folia singulas veluti barbulas et in earum cacuminibus lapillos candore et rotunditate margaritarum, magnitudine ciceris, duritia vero lapidea. ipsi, qua pediculis adhaereant, cavernulas habent et intus semen.


{{Ancora+|99}} nascitur et in Italia, sed laudatissimum in Creta, nec quicquam inter herbas maiore equidem miraculo adspexi. tantus est decor velut aurificum arte alternis inter folia candicantibus margaritis, tam exquisita difficultas lapidis ex herba nascentis. iacere atque humi serpere auctores tradunt; ego volsam, non haerentem vidi. his lapillis drachmae pondere potis in vino albo calculos frangi pellique constat et stranguriam discuti. neque in alia herbarum fides est certior, ad quam medicinam nata sit, talis autem eius species, ut etiam sine auctore visu statim nosci possit. —


== LXXV ==
{{Ancora+|100}} Lapis vulgaris iuxta flumina fert muscum siccum, canum. hic fricatur altero lapide addita hominis saliva; illo lapide tangitur inpetigo. qui tangit, dicit: 

φευγετε κανθαριδες, λυκος ἀγριος αἷμα διωκει.


== LXXVI ==
{{Ancora+|101}} Limeum herba appellatur a Gallis, qua sagittas in venatu tingunt medicamento, quod venenum cervarium vocant. ex hac in III modios salivati additur quantum in unum sagittam addi solet; ita offa demittitur boum faucibus in morbis. alligari postea ad praesepia oportet, donec purgentur — insanire enim solent —; si sudor insequetur, aqua frigida perfundi. —


== LXXVII ==
{{Ancora+|102}} Leuce Mercuriali similis nomen ex causa accepit, per medium folium candida linea transcurrente, quare mesoleucon quidam vocant. sucus eius fistulas sanat, ipsa contrita carcinomata. fortassis eadem sit quae leucas appellatur, contra marina omnia venena efficax. speciem eius auctores non tradunt nec aliud quam silvestrem latioribus foliis esse, efficaciorem hanc semine acriore. —


== LXXVIII ==
{{Ancora+|103}} Leucographis qualis esset, scriptum non repperi, quod eo magis miror, quoniam utilis proditur sanguinem excreantibus III obolis cum croco, item coeliacis, trita ex aqua et adposita profluvio feminarum, oculorum quoque medicamentis et explendis ulceribus, quae fiant in teneris partibus.


== LXXIX ==
{{Ancora+|104}} Medion folia habet iridis sativae, caulem tripedalem et in eo florem grandem, purpureum, rotundum, semine minuto, radicem semipedalem. in saxis opacis nascitur. radix drachmis II cum melle menses feminarum sistit ecligmate per aliquot dies sumpto. semen quoque in vino contra abundantiam feminarum datur. —


== LXXX ==
{{Ancora+|105}} Myosota sive myosotis levis herba, caulibus pluribus ab una radice, aliquatenus tubentibus, concavis ab imo, foliis angustis, oblongis, dorso acuto, nigro, per intervalla adsidue geminatis, tenuibus cauliculis ex alis prodeuntibus, flore caeruleo. radix digitali crassitudine multis capillamentis fimbriata. vis ei septica et exulceratrix, ideoque aegilopas sanat. tradunt Aegypti, mensis, quem Thoti vocant, die XXVIII fere in Augustum mensem incurrente si quis uius herbae suco inungatur mane, priusquam loquatur, non lippiturum eo anno. —


== LXXXI ==
{{Ancora+|106}} Myagros herba ferulacea est, foliis similis rubiae, tripedanea. semen oleosum, quod et fit ex eo. medetur oris ulceribus perunctis hoc suco.


== LXXXII ==

Herba, quae vocatur nyma, III foliis longis, intubaceis, inlita cicatrices ad colorem reducit. —


== LXXXIII ==
{{Ancora+|107}} Natris vocatur herba, cuius radix evulsa virus hirci redolet. hac in Piceno feminis abigunt quos mira persuasione Fatuos vocant; ego species lymphantium hoc modo animorum esse crediderim, quae tali medicamento iuventur.


== LXXXIV ==
{{Ancora+|108}} Odontitis inter feni genera est, cauliculis densis ab eadem radice, geniculatis, triangulis, nigris. in geniculis folia parva habet, longiora tamen quam polygonum, semen in alis hordeo simile, florem purpureum, pusillum. nascitur in pratis. decoctum cauliculorum eius in vino austero quantum manus capiat dentium dolori medetur ita, ut contineatur ore. —


== LXXXV ==
{{Ancora+|109}} Othonna in Syria nascitur, similis erucae perforatis crebro foliis, flore croci; quare quidam anemonem vocaverunt. sucus eius oculorum medicamentis convenit; mordet enim leniter et calefacit adstringitque siccando, purgat cicatrices et nubeculas et quicquid obstet. quidam tradunt lavari atque ita siccatam digeri in pastillos. —


== LXXXVI ==
{{Ancora+|110}} Onosma longa folia habet fere ad III dogitos, in terra iacentia ad similitudinem anchusae, . . . . similis sive caule sive flore sive semine. praegnas, si edit eam aut supergradiatur, abortum facere dicitur. —


== LXXXVII ==

Onopradon cum ederunt, asini crepitus reddere dicuntur. trahit urinas et menses, alvum sistit, suppurationes et collectiones discutit. —


== LXXXVIII ==
{{Ancora+|111}} Osyris ramulos fert nigros, tenues, lentos et in his folia nigra ceu lini semenque in ramulis nigrum initio, dein colore mutato rubescens. smegmata mulieribus faciunt ex iis. radicum decoctum potu sanat arquatos. eaedem, priusquam maturescat semen, concisae et sole siccatae alvum sistunt; post maturitatem vero collectae et in sorbitione decoctae rheumatismis ventris medentur et per se tritae ex aqua caelesti bibuntur. —


== LXXXIX ==
{{Ancora+|112}} Oxys folia terna habet. datur ad stomachum dissolutum. edunt et qui enterocelen habent.


== XC ==

Polyanthemum, quam quidam batrachion appellant, caustica vi exulcerat, cicatrices et ad colorem reducit, eademque vitiligines concorporat. —


== XCI ==
{{Ancora+|113}} Polygonum Graeci vocant quam nos sanguinariam. non attollitur a terra foliis rutae similis gramini. sucus eius infusus naribus supprimit sanguinem et potus cum vino cuiuslibet partis profluvium excreationesque cruentas inhibet. qui plura genera polygoni faciunt, hanc marem intellegi volunt appellarique a multitudine seminis aut densitate fruticis, alii polygonaton a frequentia geniculorum, alii thalattida, alii carcinothron, alii clema, multi myrtopetalum. nec non inveniuntur qui hanc feminam esse dicant, marem autem maiorem minusque nigram et geniculis densiorem, semine sub omnibus foliis turgescente.


{{Ancora+|114}} quocumque haec modo se habent, vis earum est spissare ac refrigerare. semine alvum solvunt, largius sumpto urinam cient, rheumatismos cohibent, qui si non fuere, non prosunt. stomachi fervori folia inponuntur, vesicae dolori inlinuntur et ignibus sacris. sucus et auribus purulentis instillatur et oculorum dolori. per se datur et in febris ante accessiones II cyathis, in tertianis quartanisque praecipue, item cholericis, dysentericis et in solutione stomachi.


{{Ancora+|115}} tertium genus orion vocant, in montibus nascens, harundini tenerae simile, uno caule, densis geniculis et in se infarctis, foliis autem piceae, radicis supervacuae, inefficacius quam superiora, peculiare ischiadicis.


{{Ancora+|116}} quartum genus silvestre appellatur, paene arboris frutice, radice lignosa, stirpe cedri rubicunda, ramis sparti binum palmorum, nigris geniculorum ternis quaternisque articulis. huic quoque spissandi natura; sapor mali cotonei. decoquitur in aqua ad tertias aut aridi farina inspergitur et oris ulceribus et adtritis partibus. propter gingivarum vero vitia ipsa commanducatur.


{{Ancora+|117}} nomas sistit omniaque, quae serpunt aut difficilem cicatricem habent, privatim vero sanat a nive facta ulcera. herbarii et ad anginas utuntur illa et in capitis dolore coronam ex ea inponunt et contra epiphoras collo circumdant; in tertianis quidem sinistra manu evulsam adalligant, adeo contra profluvia sanguinis, nec ullam magis aridam quam polygonum servant.


== XCII ==
{{Ancora+|118}} Pancratium aliqui scillam pusillam appellare malunt, foliis albi lilii longioribus crassioribusque, radice bulbi magni, colore rufo. alvum solvit suco cum farina ervi sumpto, ulcera purgat. hydropicis, splenicis cum melle datur. alii decocunt eam, donec aqua dulcis fiat, eaque suffusa radicem terentes digerunt in pastillos sole siccatos et postea utuntur ad capitis ulcera et cetera, quae repurganda sint, item ad tussim, quantum III digitis adprehenderint in vino dantes, et ad lateris dolores aut peripneumonicis ecligmate. dant et propter ischiada in vino bibendam et propter tormina mensesque ciendos. —


== XCIII ==
{{Ancora+|119}} Peplis, quam aliqui sycen, alii meconion, alii mecona aphrode vocant, ex una radice tenui fruticat foliis rutae paulo latioribus. semen est sub foliis, rotundum, minus candido papavere. inter vites fere colligitur messibus siccaturque cum fructu suo, subiectis in quae excidat. hoc poto alvus solvitur, bilis ac pituita detrahitur. media potio est acetabuli mensura in aquae mulsae heminis III. et cibis inspergitur obsoniisque ad molliendam alvum. —


== XCIV ==
{{Ancora+|120}} Periclymenon fruticat et oppida ex intervallo II folia habens subcandida, mollia, in cacumine autem semen inter folia durum et quod difficile vellatur. nascitur in arvis ac saepibus circumvolvens se adminiculis quibuscumque. semen eius in umbra siccatum tunditur et in pastillos digeritur; hi resoluti dantur in vini albi cyathis ternis tricenis diebus ad lienem, eumque urina cruenta aut per alvum absumit, quod intellegitur a decimo statim die. urinam cient et folia decocta, quae et orthopnoicis prosunt. partum quoque adiuvant secundasque pellunt pota simili modo. —&lt;ref&gt;This paragraph of Pliny and another (XXX.42) contributed to the apparent solution of a rather curious mystery — a mass grave of infants and puppies in Lugnano in Teverina. (With the continued shrinking of the Web, the interesting page has disappeared, however.)&lt;/ref&gt;


== XCV ==
{{Ancora+|121}} Pelecinon in segetibus diximus nasci, fruticosam cauliculis, foliis ciceris. semen in siliquis fert corniculorum modo aduncis ternis quaternisve, quale git novimus, amarum, stomacho utile. additur in antidota. —


== XCVI ==

Polygala palmum altitudine inplet, in caule summo foliis lenticulae, gustu adstricto. quae pota lactis abundantiam facit. —


== XCVII ==
{{Ancora+|122}} Poterion aut, ut alii vocant, phrynion vel neuras large fruticat, spinis retorrida, lanugine spissa, foliis parvis, rotundis, ramulis longis, mollibus, lentis, tenuibus, flore longo, herbacei coloris. seminis nullus usus; est gustu acuto et odorato. invenitur in aquosis collibus.


{{Ancora+|123}} radices habet II aut III binum cubitorum in altitudinem, nervosas, candidas, firmas. circumfoditur autumno et praecisa radice dat sucum cummi similem. radix mira vulneribus sanandis traditur praecipueque nervis vel praecisis inlita. decoctum quoque eius cum melle potum dissolutiones nervorum et infirmitates et incisuras iuvat. —


== XCVIII ==
{{Ancora+|124}} Phalangitis a quibusdam phalangion vocatur, ab aliis leucanthemum vel, ut in quibusdam exemplaribus invenio, leucacantha. ramuli sunt ei numquam pauciores II, in diversa tendentes, flos candidus, lilio rubro similis, semen nigrum, latum, ad lenticulae dimidiae figuram multo tenuius, radice tenui, herbacei coloris. huius folio vel flore vel semine auxiliantur contra scorpionum phalangiorumque et serpentium ictus, item contra tormina. —


== XCIX ==
{{Ancora+|125}} Phyteuma quale sit, describere supervacuum habeo, cum sit usus eius tantum ad amatoria. —


== C ==

Phyllon a Graecis vocatur herba in saxosis montibus. femina magis herbacei coloris, caule tenui, radice parva. semen papaveri rotundo simile. haec sui sexus facit partus, mares autem mas, semine tantum differens, quod est incipientis olivae. utrumque bibitur in vino. —


== CI ==
{{Ancora+|126}} Phellandrion nascitur in palustribus folio apii. bibitur semen eius propter calculos et vesicae incommoda. —


== CII ==

Phaleris thyrsum habet longum, tenuem ceu calamum, in summo florem inclinatum, semen simile sesamae. et hoc calculos frangit potum ex vino vel aceto vel cum melle et lacte; idem et vitia vesicae sanat. —


== CIII ==

Polyrrhizon folia habet myrti, radices multas. hae tusae dantur e vino contra serpentes, prosunt et quadripedibus. —


== CIV ==
{{Ancora+|127}} Proserpinaca herba vulgaris est, eximii adversus scorpiones remedii. eadem contrita, addita muria e menis et oleo, anginam eximie curari tradunt, praeterea et quantalibet lassitudine recreari defessos, etiam cum obmutuerint, si subiciatur linguae; si devoretur, vomitionem sequi salutarem.


== CV ==
{{Ancora+|128}} Rhecoma adfertur ex iis quae supra Pontum sunt regionibus. radix costo nigro similis, minor et rufior paulo, sine odore, calfaciens gustu et adstringens. eadem trita vini colorem reddit ad crocum inclinantem. inlita collectiones inflammationesque sedat, vulnera sanat, epiphoras oculorum sedat ex passo, insignita cum melle et alia liventia ex aceto.


{{Ancora+|129}} farina eius inspergitur contra cacoëthe et sanguinem reicientibus drachmae pondere in aqua, dysentericis autem et coeliacis, si febri careant, in vino, sin aliter, ex aqua. facilius teritur nocte antecedente madefacta. datur et decoctum eius bibendum duplici mensura ad rupta, convolsa, contusis, ex sublimi devolutis.


{{Ancora+|130}} si pectoris sint dolores, additur piperis aliquid et murrae; si dissolutio stomachi, ex frigida aqua sumitur; sic et in tussi vetere ac purulentis excreationibus, item hepaticis, splenicis, ischiadicis. at renium vitia, suspiria, orthopnoeas, arteriae scabritias sanat ex passo III obolis potis trita aut decoctum eius. lichenas quoque ex aceto inposita purgat. bibitur contra inflationes et perfrictiones, febres frigidas, singultus, tormina, herpetas, capitis gravitates, melancholicas vertigines, lassitudinum dolores et convolsiones. —


== CVI ==
{{Ancora+|131}} Circa Ariminum nota est herba quam reseda vocant. discutit collectiones inflammationesque omnes. qui curant ea, addunt haec verba: Reseda, morbos reseda; scisne, scisne, quis hic pullus egerit radices? nec caput nec pedes habeat. haec ter dicunt totiensque despuunt.


== CVII ==

Stoechas in insulis tantum eiusdem nominis gignitur, odorata herba, coma hysopi, amara gustu. menses ciet potu, pectoris dolores levat. antidotis quoque miscetur. —


== CVIII ==
{{Ancora+|132}} Solanum Graeci στρυχνον vocant, ut tradit Cornelius Celsus. huic vis reprimendi refrigerandique. —


== CIX ==
{{Ancora+|133}} Smyrnion caulem habet apii, folia latiora et maxime circa stolones multos, quorum a sinu exiliunt, pinguia et ad terram infracta, odore medicato cum quadam acrimonia iucundo, colore in luteum languescente, capitibus caulium orbiculatis ut apii, semine rotundo nigroque; arescit incipiente aestate. radix quoque odorata, gustu acri mordet, sucosa, mollis. cortex eius foris niger, intus pallidus. odor murrae habet qualitatem, unde et nomen.


{{Ancora+|134}} nascitur et in saxosis collibus et in terrenis. usus eius calfacere, extenuare. urinam et menses cient folia et radix et semen. alvum sistit. radix collectiones et suppurationes non veteres, item duritias discutit inlita, prodest et contra phalangia ac serpentes admixto cachry aut polio aut melissophyllo in vino pota, sed particulatim, quoniam universitate vomitiones movet; qua de causa aliquando cum ruta datur.


{{Ancora+|135}} medetur tussi et othopnoeae semen vel radix, item thoracis aut lienis aut renium aut vesicae vitiis, radix autem ruptis, convolsis. partus quoque adiuvat et secundas pellit. datur et ischiadicis cum crethmo in vino. sudores ciet et ructus, ideo inflationem stomachi discutit. vulnera ad cicatricem perducit.


{{Ancora+|136}} exprimitur et sucus radici utilis feminis et thoracis praecordiorumque desideriis, calfacit enim et concoquit et purgat. semen peculiariter hydropicis datur potui, quibus et sucus inlinitur. et in malagmate cortice arido et ad obsonia utuntur cum mulso et oleo et garo, maxime in elixis carnibus. — Sinon concoctiones facit, sapore simillima piperi. eadem in dolore stomachi efficax.


== CX ==
{{Ancora+|137}} Telephion porcilacae similis est et caule et foliis. rami a radice septeni octonique fruticant foliis crassis, carnosis. nascitur in cultis et maxime inter vites. inlinitur lentigini et, cum inaruit, deteritur. inlinitur et vitiligini ternis fere mensibus senis horis noctis aut diei et ut postea farina hordeacia inlinatur.


== CXI ==
{{Ancora+|138}} medetur et vulneribus et fistulis. —

  Trichomanes adianto simile est, exilius modo nigriusque, foliis lenticulae, densis, parvis, adversis inter se. decoctum eius strangurias sanat in vino albo potum addito cumino rustico, lienem. cohibet capillos fluentes aut, si effluxerint, reparat alopeciasque densat tritum in oleo et inlitum. sternumenta quoque gustatu movet. —


== CXII ==

Thalictrum folia coriandri habet, pinguiora paulo, caulem papaveris.


{{Ancora+|139}} nascitur ubique, praecipue campestribus. medentur ulceribus cum melle. —


== CXIII ==

Thlaspi duorum generum est: angustis foliis, digitali latitudine et longitudine, in terram versis, in cacumine divisis, cauliculo semipedali non sine ramis, . . . peltarum specie semine incluso, lenticulae effigie, nisi quod infringitur, unde nomen. flos albicat. nascitur in semitis et saepibus. semen asperi gustus bilem et pituitam utrimque extrahit; modus sumendi acetabuli mensura. prodest et ischiadicis infusum. potione sanguinem trahit, menses quoque ciet, sed partus necat.


{{Ancora+|140}} alterum thlaspi aliqui Persicon napi vocant, latis foliis, radicibus magnis, et ipsum utile ischiadicorum infusioni. prodest et inguinibus utrumque. praecipitur, ut qui colligat dicat, sumere se contra inguina et contra omnes collectiones et contra vulnera, una manu tollat. —


== CXIV ==
{{Ancora+|141}} Trachinia herba qualis sit, non traditur. credo falsum et promissium Democriti portentosum esse, adalligatam triduo absumere lienes. —


== CXV ==

Tragonis sive tragion nascitur in Cretae tantum insulae maritimis, iunipiro similis et semine et folio et ramis. sucus eius lacteus in cummim spissatus vel semen in potione . . . . . spicula e corpore eicit; tunditur recens et cum vino inlinitur aut siccae farina cum melle. eadem lactis abundantiam facit mammisque unice medetur. —


== CXVI ==
{{Ancora+|142}} Est et alia herba tragos, quam aliqui scorpion vocant, semipedem alta, fruticosa, sine foliis, pusillis racemis rubentibus grani tritici, acuto cacumine, et ipsa in maritimis nascens. huius racemorum X et XII cacumina trita ex vino pota coeliacis, dysentericis, sanguinem excreantibus mensumque abundantiae auxiliantur. —


== CXVII ==

Est et tragopogon, quem alii comen vocant, caule parvo, foliis croci, radice longa, dulci, super caulem calice lato, nigro. nascitur in asperis manditurque, sine usu.


== CXVIII ==
{{Ancora+|143}} Et de herbis quidem memoria digna hactenus accepimus aut comperimus. in fine earum admonere non ab re iudicamus, alias aliis virium aetates esse. longissimo tempore durat elaterium, ut diximus, chamaeleon niger XL annis, centaurium non ultra XII, peucedanum et aristolochia ad VI, vitis silvestris anno, in umbra si serventur. et animalium quidem exterorum nullum aliud radices a nobis dictas adtingit excepta spondyle, quae omnes persequitur. genus id serpentis est.


== CXIX ==
{{Ancora+|144}} Ne illud quidem dubitatur, omnium radicum vim effectusque minui, si fructus prius ematurescant, item seminum ante radice propter sucum incisa. resolvitur autem omnium vis consuetudine, et desinunt prodesse, cum opus est, quae cottidie in usu fuere, aeque quam nocere. omnes vero herbae vehementiores effectu viribusque sunt in frigidis et in aquiloniis, item siccis.


== CXX ==
{{Ancora+|145}} Sunt et gentium differentiae non mediocres, sicut accepimus de taeniis lumbricisque, inesse Aegypti, Arabiae, Syriae, Ciliciae populis, e diverso Threciae, Phrygiae omnino non innasci. minus id mirum quam quod in confinio Atticae et Boeotiae Thebanis innascuntur, cum absint Atheniensibus.


{{Ancora+|146}} quae contemplatio aufert nos ad ipsorum animalium naturas ingenitasque iis vel certiores morborum omnium mekas. rursus enim cum rerum parens nullum animal ad hoc tantum, ut pasceretur aut alia satiaret, nasci volui artesque salutares inseruit et visceribus, quippe cum surdis etiam rebus insereret, tum vero illa animae auxilia praestantissima ex alia anima esse voluit, contemplatione ante cuncta mirabili.

{{Liber
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|AnteNomen= Naturalis Historia/Liber XXVI
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&lt;poem&gt;

O quam pulchrum est odōrare
Autumnum.
In odore pluviae,
In odore terrae.

O quam pulchrum est auscultare
Autumnum.
In susurru foliorum, 
In cantu avium.

O quam pulchrum est sentire
Autumnum. 
Et vivitur —  
Ver.


&lt;/poem&gt;

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&lt;poem&gt;

Aestas est, et cuncta
insecta atque vermes
iam revixerunt.

Aer sonis plenus est,
et super omnia diffunditur 
odor graminis.

Folium viride est, 
et in hoc ipso momento 
totus mundus — 
folium tantum est.

Aves clamores emittunt,
ex ore, ex gutture,
ex visceribus,
ex digitis pedum,
et totas se in clamorem
vertere volunt.

Inter ramos 
ventus est perspicuus.


&lt;/poem&gt;

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&lt;poem&gt;

Quid est
in hora tacita
tam mirum
in aere?

Silentium pulsat
una cum ictu
horologii.


&lt;/poem&gt;
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&lt;poem&gt;

Arcam Noë advexērunt.
In medio Lutetiae 
sub vitro collocavērunt.

Omnibus advenientibus
ut eam mirarentur 
dictum est: Haec est 
Arca Noë.

Vere, 
Deus exstat,
dixerunt omnes.

Et quisque abiit
suo itinere, 
et omnia erant 
ut antea.


&lt;/poem&gt;

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&lt;poem&gt;

Illo mane te conveni
in nebula.
Illo mane gerebas
aspectum
qui necat.

Et mortuus sum,
illo mane.

Cor meum
corpus meum prehendit
et concussit
quasi inutilem
testam.

Cor meum
digitos fixit
in corpus meum 
et perfodit illud
mille vicibus
illo mane.

Illo mane gerebas
aspectum
qui necat.


&lt;/poem&gt;
{{Liber
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&lt;poem&gt;

Quid valent
versūs et carmina nostra
cum nōn iam
futūrī erimus?

Num in carminibus
vīvēmus,
num in carminibus
aeternī erimus?

Cum caelum et terra transeant,
et carmina nostra transībunt,
charta in igne peribit.

Cogitationēs et dolōrēs nostrī
in aeternum per universum saltābunt;
testimonium certāminis in nōbīs
quod numquam dēsinēt.


&lt;/poem&gt;
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&lt;poem&gt;

Difficile est solum esse
in deserto.
Difficile est spinas habēre.
Maledictio, fatum
an dōnum?

Omnia animalia repellō.
Difficile est vīvere
in mediō nihilō,
aliquem desiderāre,
et omnia fugāre.

Difficile est cactus esse,
ab aliīs differre,
et aquam intus portāre.

Interdum modo
corpus desertī floret,
et nectare dulcī
ex floribus pulchris
hospitēs pascit.

Cum flōrēs evanescunt,
spinae manent.
Amīcus nōn adest.

Scio: aliquandō aurorā
amīcus meus veniet.
Spinae eum nōn laedent.

Aquam meam bibet,
et nōn amplius solus erō
in deserto.


&lt;/poem&gt;
{{Liber
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{{Liber
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&lt;poem&gt;

Sine, cara, nihil refert
quid foris accidat.
Id refert quod accidit
in nobis.

Etiamsi foris sit ipsa tenebra,
nihil refert,
dum lumen ardet
in nobis.


&lt;/poem&gt;
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&lt;poem&gt;

Inter auroram nebula cinctus
solus in vertice montis sto
et silentium ausculto.

Ego purus, ego in candore.
Omnia a me deciderunt:

Corpus, membra.
Immunditia.
Curae.

Restitit spiritus purus,
ad tendendum.


&lt;/poem&gt;
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&lt;poem&gt;

Unum arbor.  
Altera arbor  
umbram iacit  
in priorem.


&lt;/poem&gt;
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&lt;poem&gt;

Lux oculos meos pungit;
in umbram secedere volo,
dormire.


&lt;/poem&gt;
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&lt;poem&gt;

Ex uno somnio
in aliud transeo.
Inter duo somnia
realitas intenta est.


&lt;/poem&gt;
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&lt;poem&gt;

1.
Aura lenis.
Tremor herbae.
Piceae surgunt
in caelum.


2.
Arbores:
manus terrae porrectae 
ad caelum.


3.
Lacrimis maeroris
flemus: autumnus 
et ego.


4.
Sol occasus.
Quies
in foliis.


5.
Post imbrem
cochleae emergunt.
Mane vernum.


6.
Herbae fluitant
sub superficie —
aquae tranquillae.


7.
Veris quies:
herbae virentes 
in vento undulant.


8.
Quanta pulchritudo!
Arbor esse in pluvioso
mane autumni.


&lt;/poem&gt;

{{Liber
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&lt;poem&gt;

Marulus, Zoranichius,
Marinus Drusius,
Hectorovicius atque Gundulius, 
poetae nostri antiqui sunt.&lt;ref&gt;'''[[Scriptor:Marcus Marulus|Marcus Marulus]] Spalatensis''' (Marko Marulić, 1450–1524) — poeta et humanista Spalatensis, pater litterarum Croaticarum. Auctor epos Croatici ''Judita'' atque epos Latini ''Davidias''; scriptis christianis Latinis, inter quae ''De institutione bene vivendi per exempla sanctorum'', famam internationalem adeptus est.

'''Petrus Zoranichius Iadrensis''' (Petar Zoranić, 1508 – ante 1569) — scriptor Iadrensis, auctor romanzi ''Planine''(1536), primi operis narrativi prosaici Croatici.

'''Marinus Drusius Ragusinus''' (Marin Držić, 1508–1567) — comoediographus et poeta Ragusinus, praestantissimus inter auctores Renascentiae Croaticae.

'''Petrus Hectorovicius Pharensis''' (Petar Hektorović, 1487–1572) — poeta Pharensis, auctor operis ''Ribanje i ribarsko prigovaranje'' (''Piscatio et piscatorum colloquia'').

'''[[scriptor:Ioannes Gundulius|Ioannes Gundulius]] Ragusinus''' (Ivan Gundulić, 1589–1638) — poeta Baroci Ragusinus; Croatice scripsit; habetur poeta barocensis Croaticus praestantissimus; auctor epici carminis ''Osman'', comoediae pastoralis ''Dubravka'', atque poematis ''Suze sina razmetnoga''.
&lt;/ref&gt;

Praeter paucos doctos,
rarus est qui eos curet.

In schola discendi sunt,
sed nemo rogat
quo tendat, quo tendat
onustus ille cursus,
quo eat, quo eat 
navis nostra nova.


&lt;/poem&gt;
&lt;hr&gt;

=== Notae ===
&lt;small&gt;&lt;references /&gt;&lt;/small&gt;


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&lt;poem&gt;

Maiores mei Sclavi,
maiores mei Illyrii atque Celtae,
cervos agebant
his montibus silvisque.

Cervus in medio campo constitit.
Hasta volavit.
Error.

Liberi iterum esurient.
Tributa magna sunt.

Nuntius venit.
Bato movit.&lt;ref&gt;''Bato'' — nomen duorum ducum, qui magnum bellum Delmato‑Pannoniorum contra potestatem Romanam annis VI–IX post Christum natum duxerunt.
&lt;/ref&gt;


&lt;/poem&gt;
&lt;hr&gt;
=== Nota ===
&lt;small&gt;&lt;references /&gt;&lt;/small&gt;


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&lt;poem&gt;

Dum suillam carnem et panem recens
manducamus,
vinum dulce nigrum bibimus,
scimus:

Dies breves sunt,
spes autem magnae.

Illae quas nobis ipsi imposuimus,
et illae quas alii a nobis exspectant.

Tam magna sunt exspectata,
parum autem temporis.

Non licet nobis
alterum iam tolerare discrimen.

Itaque ab exspectationibus
recessimus.

Et nunc, dum de his cogitamus,
experientia docti in quiete manducamus
suillam carnem, panem recens, et bibimus
vinum dulce nigrum.


&lt;/poem&gt;

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&lt;poem&gt;

In uno alveo consedimus,
ubi dulcis aqua cum salsa miscetur.

Sonitus audivimus,
qui per noctem calidam
deorsum flumen defluebant.

Tum subito vocem acrem,
penetrantem atque attonitam audivimus.
Perterriti sumus. Stupefacti mansimus.

Quod si nunc monstrum aliquod
coram nobis appareret,
nescieremus quid agere,
nescieremus quomodo responderemus.

Illi relicti essemus
in gratiam atque in iniuriam.

Feliciter nihil tale accidit.
Ceterum bene praeparati sumus.

Parati sumus sustinere
paene omnia.


&lt;/poem&gt;
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&lt;poem&gt;

Et dum libere sto
in agro, pacis circumdatus
immensi spatii,
nox descendit
in cacumina arborum.

Et timeo ne fiam
pars tenuis
texturae eius,

timeo
ne nimis bene
accommodem.


&lt;/poem&gt;

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&lt;poem&gt;

Vigilate,
nox longa est.
Vigilias servate.

Ne vobis ipsis
viam difficiliorem
denegaveritis.

In ea occurretis
vobis ipsis atque id
accipietis quod opus est.

Rationes mentis
saepe sunt rationes timoris,
nigrae noctis aves
quae ante oculos tuos
incommode interdum
alant alas.

Sperne rationes
atque cupiditates mentis;
amplectere desideria animae.


&lt;/poem&gt;
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{{Liber
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&lt;poem&gt;

Catena tam valida est
quam anulus eius infimus,
— sic proverbium notum docet.

Ego tamen persuasum habeo
aliud esse quod
sustinet systema,
nec sunt anuli infimi.

Doctrina de catena
et anulis
nimis aestimata est
atque nimis severa,
criteriis nimis altis posita.

Ea valet fortasse
solum ad phalanges
antiquarum copiarum Graecarum
atque ad exercitus similes.

Doctrina de catena
et anulis
ad nos non pertinet.

Nam omne systema
ad interitum caderet,
si de anulis infimis
penderet.


&lt;/poem&gt;

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&lt;poem&gt;

Nihil mea refert
de theoria citationis
aut de intertextualitate,
nec de omnibus inanibus
doctrinis mundi.

Eo, ruo, volo
quasi NASAe pyrobolus.
Iam procul olfacere videor
botulum et lardum.

In libro prorsus novo,
modo edito, quem heri
e bibliotheca mutuo accepi,

remanebit tantum
macula pinguis et,
si di bene volent,
odor lardi.

Inter paginas:
siccae micae panis
et frustulum cepae.

Appareat et sciatur
lectorem
bene vixisse.


&lt;/poem&gt;
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&lt;poem&gt;

Puellas maxime amo iuvenes,
ab annis duodeviginti ad viginti quinque,
quae post lavacrum recens et succosae sunt,
fragrantes velut odores pomorum.

Amo quoque matronas, venustas mulieres,
quae fortasse iam alicui sunt matres.
Aspectu illecebroso blandiri sciunt.

Si ego sheich essem, Mustapha nomine,
haberem multas, inter quadraginta
et octoginta, virgines lectissimas,
mihi soli fideliter devotas.

Ut verus miles, dominae servirem,
hasta pertinaci, mane sicut vespere,
circa mediam noctem, interdum etiam
tota per nocte fortasse.

Non pudet has cupiditates fateri
nec huiusmodi ardorem.

Nam cum ab hac telluris superficie
in tacitum Hadēn descendero,
ubi regnant umbrae, non iam gustabo
fructus succosos et dulces, nec odorabo
florem suavissimum rosae formosae.


&lt;/poem&gt;

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{{Liber
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&lt;poem&gt;

Magni conatus in aedibus,
et parietes.
Imago sunt megalomaniae
quae te premit
semper gravius et magis.

Conatus desperati
et iactus manuum.

Transitus matutini, caffeae
quam per gulam demittis.
Sanguinis et carnis quae transeunt
atque irreparabiliter putrescunt.

Omne quod nunc video
vivere et crescere, est
Mors — futura inconcussa,
exitum certum.

Me recipio in viridia hortorum
transitūs; in labyrinthum umbratilem
virentis sepis.
&lt;/poem&gt;


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&lt;poem&gt;

Abhorreo a flora et fauna
foraminum nigrorum.
Tremo velut columba alba
in margine rupis
hiemalibus ventis verberatae.

Et nunc hanc carminis vanitatem scribo.
At vultus tuus amabilis et alliciens
solus est quem memini

illius momenti, momenti
cum me texisti
profundo fluctuum
oculorum tuorum fuscatorum.

Et ecce… adhuc,
adhuc submersus sum
in tuis profunditatibus.


&lt;/poem&gt;
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        <username>Coronus Tenebrosius</username>
        <id>31709</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>285715</origin>
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      <text bytes="711" sha1="4po46yv2qvivna1sn7k37c2smizcrsg" xml:space="preserve">{{titulus2
|Scriptor=Coronus Tenebrosius
|OperaeTitulus=Contemplationes Metaphysicae
|OperaeWikiPagina= 
|SubTitulus=Feles quae venit
}}

{{Liber
|Ante=Submersus
|AnteNomen=Contemplationes Metaphysicae/Submersus
|Post=Relictae
|PostNomen=Contemplationes Metaphysicae/Relictae
}}

&lt;poem&gt;

Nihil simile est
alicui.
Luna non est aurantium;
neque ei quidem
similis est.

Homo non est puer;
neque ei quidem
similis est.

Homo non est canis;
neque ei quidem
similis est.

Homo non est feles,
sed magis magisque homini similis est
feles quae advenit
ante limen meum.


&lt;/poem&gt;

{{Liber
|Ante=Submersus
|AnteNomen=Contemplationes Metaphysicae/Submersus
|Post=Relictae
|PostNomen=Contemplationes Metaphysicae/Relictae
}}</text>
      <sha1>4po46yv2qvivna1sn7k37c2smizcrsg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Contemplationes Metaphysicae/Relictae</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>79003</id>
    <revision>
      <id>285716</id>
      <parentid>283716</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-27T09:46:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Coronus Tenebrosius</username>
        <id>31709</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>285716</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="701" sha1="sob4sq6v2teqygbxr7chz8cbuc2qk5i" xml:space="preserve">{{titulus2
|Scriptor=Coronus Tenebrosius
|OperaeTitulus=Contemplationes Metaphysicae
|OperaeWikiPagina= 
|SubTitulus=Relictae
}}

{{Liber
|Ante=Feles quae venit
|AnteNomen=Contemplationes Metaphysicae/Feles quae venit
|Post=Nemo innocens est
|PostNomen=Contemplationes Metaphysicae/Nemo innocens est
}}

&lt;poem&gt;

Territus sum canibus
qui noctu non latrant,
cum deberent.

Territus sum vento
qui vespere non flat,
cum deberet.

Timeo omnia illa
quae non sunt, cum
esse deberent.

Relictae,
ut sint solae in se,
sine se.


&lt;/poem&gt;

{{Liber
|Ante=Feles quae venit
|AnteNomen=Contemplationes Metaphysicae/Feles quae venit
|Post=Nemo innocens est
|PostNomen=Contemplationes Metaphysicae/Nemo innocens est
}}</text>
      <sha1>sob4sq6v2teqygbxr7chz8cbuc2qk5i</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Contemplationes Metaphysicae/Nemo innocens est</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>79004</id>
    <revision>
      <id>285717</id>
      <parentid>283717</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-27T09:47:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Coronus Tenebrosius</username>
        <id>31709</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>285717</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="977" sha1="1acuwjpatpj4571k8nzeyf6ttgfl43c" xml:space="preserve">{{titulus2
|Scriptor=Coronus Tenebrosius
|OperaeTitulus=Contemplationes Metaphysicae
|OperaeWikiPagina= 
|SubTitulus=Nemo innocens est
}}

{{Liber
|Ante=Relictae
|AnteNomen=Contemplationes Metaphysicae/Relictae
|Post=Illusio
|PostNomen=Contemplationes Metaphysicae/Illusio
}}

&lt;poem&gt;

Nemo innocens est in sero autumno.
Rubus ater, herba flavovirens.
Sol — orbis clarus et imbecillus
in caelo canescente; ultimis
viribus lumen fundit atque illustrat.

Nemo innocens est in sero autumno.
Ipsa natura insidias et fallaciam tegit.
Dies apricus, placidus et quietus,
in occasu. At nemo iam
omnino placidus et quietus est.
Natura insidias et fallaciam tegit.
Omnia — simulacrum sunt.

Nemo innocens est in sero autumno.
Arcanum quod natura tam diligenter celat
hoc est: senuit, et somno inclinatur,
et paulatim iam
hiemi se parat.


&lt;/poem&gt;

{{Liber
|Ante=Relictae
|AnteNomen=Contemplationes Metaphysicae/Relictae
|Post=Illusio
|PostNomen=Contemplationes Metaphysicae/Illusio
}}</text>
      <sha1>1acuwjpatpj4571k8nzeyf6ttgfl43c</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Contemplationes Metaphysicae/Illusio</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>79005</id>
    <revision>
      <id>285718</id>
      <parentid>283718</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-27T09:48:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Coronus Tenebrosius</username>
        <id>31709</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>285718</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
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|Scriptor=Coronus Tenebrosius
|OperaeTitulus=Contemplationes Metaphysicae
|OperaeWikiPagina= 
|SubTitulus=Illusio
}}

{{Liber
|Ante=Nemo innocens est
|AnteNomen=Contemplationes Metaphysicae/Nemo innocens est
|Post=Verso venti
|PostNomen=Contemplationes Metaphysicae/Verso venti
}}

&lt;poem&gt;

Amore alebam
aves parvas
animae meae.

Aperio oculos:

Pro foliis
et fructibus,
nudi rami arborum.


&lt;/poem&gt;

{{Liber
|Ante=Nemo innocens est
|AnteNomen=Contemplationes Metaphysicae/Nemo innocens est
|Post=Verso venti
|PostNomen=Contemplationes Metaphysicae/Verso venti
}}</text>
      <sha1>6efepe956j83dx1eey4io9nvvle5zrj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Contemplationes Metaphysicae/Quid gentes dicunt cum rat dicunt</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>79006</id>
    <revision>
      <id>285713</id>
      <parentid>283713</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-27T09:43:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Coronus Tenebrosius</username>
        <id>31709</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>285713</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1121" sha1="fba5ic46n4koda1ulxshrofxre7seo0" xml:space="preserve">{{titulus2
|Scriptor=Coronus Tenebrosius
|OperaeTitulus=Contemplationes Metaphysicae
|OperaeWikiPagina= 
|SubTitulus=Quid gentes dicunt cum ''rat ''dicunt
}}

{{Liber
|Ante=Formulae propheticae
|AnteNomen=Contemplationes Metaphysicae/Formulae propheticae
|Post=Submersus
|PostNomen=Contemplationes Metaphysicae/Submersus
}}

&lt;poem&gt;

Cur Slavi meridiani pro militia
''rat''* dicant, agricolam autem
''ratarem''* vocent?

Germani vero putant
''Rat''* esse consilium atque concilium.

Angli autem existimant
''rat''* esse murem,

et cui ''rat''* dicunt,
ei nuntiant
miserum illum esse prorsus et invisum,
odio indignum.


&lt;/poem&gt;
&lt;hr&gt;
===Glossarium===
&lt;poem&gt;
''rat''  = in lingua Croatica significat bellum.
''Rat'' = in lingua Germanica significat concilium / consilium.
''rat''  = in lingua Anglica significat murem (animal sordidum quod vulgo “rat” vocatur).
''ratar'' = in lingua Croatica significat agricolam (sc. hominem qui terram colit).
&lt;/poem&gt;

{{Liber
|Ante=Formulae propheticae
|AnteNomen=Contemplationes Metaphysicae/Formulae propheticae
|Post=Submersus
|PostNomen=Contemplationes Metaphysicae/Submersus
}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Pagina:Historia Naturalis Brasiliae (1648).pdf/80</title>
    <ns>104</ns>
    <id>79458</id>
    <revision>
      <id>285678</id>
      <parentid>256803</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-27T03:03:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>EnaldoSS</username>
        <id>18086</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Incerta */</comment>
      <origin>285678</origin>
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      <text bytes="3902" sha1="4gof6c4jjew3z5cofe1a0hda0mkg65r" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;2&quot; user=&quot;EnaldoSS&quot; /&gt;{{rh|62|{{sc|Gvilielmi Pisonis}}|}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;section begin=&quot;X&quot;/&gt;{{pt|catur|educatur}}, omnique anni tempore, adulta licet, {{s}}itienti {{et}} tri{{s}}ti fundo, felici{{s}}{{s}}ime tran{{s}}plantari {{FI |file= |tsize=200px |float=right |margin-left=0.3em |margin-top=0.3em |margin-bottom=0.3em}} {{s}}olet. Circa di{{oe}}ce{{s}}in Parayba jen{{s}}em è remoti{{s}}{{s}}imis nemoribus ad hortos ob elegantiam traducta Palma con{{s}}picitur, cujus brachia {{s}}ive rami caudam Pavoniam {{ae}}mulantur. Barbari ''Caranaibam'' {{et}} ''Anache cariri'', Lu{{s}}itani ''Tamar'' appellant, forte, quod fructus dactylis {{s}}imiles ferat. E{{s}}t autem arbor Palm{{ae}} dactylifer{{ae}} altitudine: habens lignum ruffum, durum, cra{{s}}{{s}}is nervis intus con{{s}}tans, nullius tamen u{{s}}us: cortex exterior gry{{s}}eus {{et}} cartilagine à terra ad aliquod {{s}}pacium {{s}}quamatus, {{s}}quamis ordine cochleatim po{{s}}itis; qu{{ae}} primo longiores, {{s}}en{{s}}im fiunt breviores, imo tandem decidunt {{s}}uperne: nam arbores adultiores caudicis {{s}}uperioris medietatem habent glabram, inferiorem {{s}}olum {{s}}quamatam. Squam{{ae}} enim nihil aliud {{s}}unt, quam ramorum qui exciderunt reliqui{{ae}}; arbore in altum {{s}}urgente {{et}} ena{{s}}centibus aliis ramis. Arbor in {{s}}ummitate ramos {{s}}uos orbiculatim expandit, directe {{s}}ur{{s}}um, deor{{s}}um, {{et}} ad latera, ut palma dactylifera, {{s}}ed longe elegantiori a{{s}}pectu. Ramus quilibet duos vel amplius pedes longus, {{s}}atis cra{{s}}{{s}}us, compre{{s}}{{s}}us in utroque latere, {{s}}pinis duris nigris armatus figura Denti{{s}}calpium referentibus.

Unicum in cuju{{s}}libet rami extremitate folium rotundum, figur{{ae}} {{et}} ita plicis donatum, ut manuarium f{{oe}}minarum umbraculum coloris viridis, ab extremitate ad medietatem fere intror{{s}}um {{s}}ectum, in multa alia carinata folia, foliis palm{{ae}} dactylifer{{ae}} {{s}}tructura {{s}}imilia: quodlibet ex his {{s}}ectis foliis, duos circiter pedes longum.

Inter ramos folia ferentes alii prodeunt longiores, nimirum quatuor aut plures pedes longi, in multos ramos {{et}} in ramulos {{FI |file= |tsize=250px |float=right |margin-left=0.3em |margin-top=0.3em |margin-bottom=0.3em}} lanugine albe{{s}}cente obductos, expan{{s}}i alternatim, {{s}}ive qua{{s}}i ex vaginula prodeuntes. In ramulis hi{{s}}ce alternata {{s}}erie exi{{s}}tunt flo{{s}}culi pallide flavi, {{s}}ine pediculis, {{s}}inguli tribus foliolis con{{s}}tantes.

Po{{s}}t flo{{s}}culos illos proveniunt fructus, figura {{et}} magnitudine oliv{{ae}}, primum virides, amari, non edules; mox maturi nigre{{s}}centes evadunt dulces men{{s}}e Februario, {{et}} licet no{{s}}tratibus nullius u{{s}}us, gentilibus tamen tam crudi quam pr{{ae}}parati in deliciis habiti, ''Tirade'' nuncupantur. Tarde cre{{s}}cit h{{ae}}c Arbor.

Folia apprime {{s}}erviunt ad tegendas {{ae}}des {{et}} corbes.

Ea vero qu{{ae}} inter palmas {{s}}ilve{{s}}tres ''Vrucury'' indigenis vocatur, ut {{et}} ''Tucu'', in tantam proceritatem non excre{{s}}cunt, multoque c{{ae}}teris {{s}}unt humiliores, minu{{s}}que cognit{{ae}}; {{s}}pinis a{{s}}perrimis horrent {{et}} ligno {{s}}unt ferreo, {{s}}ed nullius u{{s}}us.

Fructus autem {{s}}unt fructibus Pindov{{ae}} minores, c{{ae}}terum eju{{s}}dem ferme natur{{ae}} {{et}} racematim quoque cre{{s}}centes.

Qu{{ae}} ''Pindova'' dicitur, lignum albicans {{et}} {{s}}cabro{{s}}um corticis loco habet, ligni autem loco fungo{{s}}am {{et}} intus filo{{s}}am medullam facile combu{{s}}tibilem, è qua {{s}}ana {{et}} forti{{s}}{{s}}ima lixivia norunt conficere. Nullum pr{{ae}}terea aut certe exiguum pr{{ae}}{{s}}tat u{{s}}um: ad ornatum duntaxat ob in{{s}}ignem altitudinem {{et}} ramos pulchre porrectos expetitur; iis {{s}}iquidem eleganter comatis {{et}} foliis radiatis utrimque ve{{s}}titis, Lu{{s}}itani atria {{et}} templorum parietes exornant, Indigen{{ae}}&lt;noinclude&gt;{{rh|||vero}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Usor:Sjgallagher2</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>86137</id>
    <revision>
      <id>285648</id>
      <parentid>285389</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-26T15:48:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sjgallagher2</username>
        <id>29663</id>
      </contributor>
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      <text bytes="1296" sha1="4o7ejnaztybw20gjs7ytlxdetvnbfvu" xml:space="preserve">Salve, my name is Sam, I'm a history of science and mathematics enthusiast who translates and annotates Latin and French, mostly from Early Modern sources. I have a website at [https://histomathsci.blogspot.com/ histomathsci.blogspot.com].

'''Projects started:'''

* Sacrobosco, [[De Sphaera Mundi]] - Complete
* Gauss, [[Theoria interpolationis methodo nova tractata]] - Complete
* Cotes, [[Logometria]] - Complete (but other parts of the Harmonia Mensurarum are still incomplete)
* Leibniz, [[Historia inventionis phosphori]] - Complete
* Leibniz, [[Annotatio de quibusdam Ludis|Annotatio de quibusdam Ludis; inprimis de Ludo quodam Sinico, differentiaeque Scachici &amp; Latrundulorum, &amp; novo genere Ludi Navalis]] (added English translation) - Complete
* Vieta, [[Liber:Francisci_Vietae_in_artem_analyticem_isagoge.pdf]] - Complete
* Schott, [[Cursus Mathematicus]] - Large, already transcribed by Camena project, slowly adding those pages and formatting them

'''Projects of Interest:'''

* Praetorius, [[Syntagma_musicum/Tomus_primus|Syntagma musicum I]] - Second reading
* More, [[Utopia]], [[Liber:Utopia,_More,_1518.djvu]]
* Descartes, [[Principia philosophiae]] - Needs a scan
* Descartes, [[Meditationes de prima philosophia]], [[Liber:Cartesius_-_Meditationes_de_prima_philosophia.djvu]]</text>
      <sha1>4o7ejnaztybw20gjs7ytlxdetvnbfvu</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>285649</id>
      <parentid>285648</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-26T15:50:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sjgallagher2</username>
        <id>29663</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>285649</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1410" sha1="ct05epgeejioiw8ls2ir10hix9l0k7k" xml:space="preserve">Salve, my name is Sam, I'm a history of science and mathematics enthusiast who translates and annotates Latin and French, mostly from Early Modern sources. I have a website at [https://histomathsci.blogspot.com/ histomathsci.blogspot.com].

'''Projects started:'''

* Sacrobosco, [[De Sphaera Mundi]] - Complete
* Gauss, [[Theoria interpolationis methodo nova tractata]] - Complete
* Cotes, [[Logometria]] - Complete (but other parts of the Harmonia Mensurarum are still incomplete)
* Leibniz, [[Historia inventionis phosphori]] - Complete
* Leibniz, [[Annotatio de quibusdam Ludis|Annotatio de quibusdam Ludis; inprimis de Ludo quodam Sinico, differentiaeque Scachici &amp; Latrundulorum, &amp; novo genere Ludi Navalis]] - Complete
* Leibniz, Annotatio de quibusdam Ludis, [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Translation:Remarks_on_Certain_Games English translation] - Complete
* Vieta, [[Liber:Francisci_Vietae_in_artem_analyticem_isagoge.pdf]] - Complete
* Schott, [[Cursus Mathematicus]] - Large, already transcribed by Camena project, slowly adding those pages and formatting them

'''Projects of Interest:'''

* Praetorius, [[Syntagma_musicum/Tomus_primus|Syntagma musicum I]] - Second reading
* More, [[Utopia]], [[Liber:Utopia,_More,_1518.djvu]]
* Descartes, [[Principia philosophiae]] - Needs a scan
* Descartes, [[Meditationes de prima philosophia]], [[Liber:Cartesius_-_Meditationes_de_prima_philosophia.djvu]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Pagina:Schott Gaspar CursusMathematicus 1677 Bambergae.djvu/19</title>
    <ns>104</ns>
    <id>87073</id>
    <revision>
      <id>285673</id>
      <parentid>284871</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-26T20:26:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sjgallagher2</username>
        <id>29663</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Emendata */</comment>
      <origin>285673</origin>
      <model>proofread-page</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2964" sha1="7u8u2433bawuc7lvs6mxf4gb2xpulqm" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;3&quot; user=&quot;Sjgallagher2&quot; /&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;quæ maria, fluvii, paludes; quas Oceanus alluat regiones; quæ &amp;amp; quot climata, paralleli, Zona, cardines; ubi terrarum ac marium ascii, amphiscii, periscii, heteroscii, antoci, perioci, antipodes, aliaque multa.

XIII. Liber erit Hydrographicus, agetque breviter, &amp;amp; per summa tantum capita, de Limeneuritica, &amp;amp; Histiodromica, hoc est, de Arte portum inveniendi, deque via seu cursu navis ad portum: ubi de cognitione spatii inter duo loca maritima interjecti, de inventione plagarum Mundi in mari quovis loco ac tempore, de pyxide seu compasso nautico, de situ locorum ad quæ dirigenda est navis ex loco dato, de via seu linea per quam navis ab uno loco in alium dirigenda est, aliisque similibus.

XIV. Liber erit Horographicus, in quo, præmisso Apparatu hortographico, succinctè, &amp;amp; sine demonstrationum parergis (nè à præfixa brevitate deflectamus) dilucide tamen ac summâ varietate proponemus modos varios omnis generis horologia construendi; idque geometricè per lineas, arithmeticè per numeros, organicè per varia instrumenta; in superficiebus planis, concavis, convexis, mixtis, stabilibus, pendulis; radio directo, reflexo, refracto.

XV. Liber erit Mechanicus, in eoque; præmissis Definitionibus, Axiomatis, Hypothesibus, ac fundamentalibus Propositionibus ad Mechanicam spectantibus, explicabuntur quinque Machinæ fundamentales, Vectis, Axis in peritrochio, Trochlea, Cuneus, &amp;amp; Cochlea, quibus potentia seu vis motrix juvatur ad pondera, quæ alioquin vires potentiæ longè superant, movenda; ac insuper proportio inter vires motrices &amp;amp; pondera, uti &amp;amp; inter tempus in quo, ac spatium per quod fit motus per Machinas, nec non machinalium motionum causa inquiretur, ac pro viribus explanabitur. Accedent in fine Theoreses Mechanicæ Physico-Mathematicæ novæ, à docto Mathemat. conscriptæ.

XVI. Liber erit Staticus, ipsamque Staticam, hoc est, gravium ponderandorum scientiam, sed breviter, explicabit. Continebit itaque primò Statica Elementa, secundò Statica seu Ponderatoria Instrumenta, tertìò Staticas praxes.

XVII. Liber erit Hydrostaticus, &amp;amp; artem docebit seu Scientiam, tam liquida librandi, quam solida in liquido ponderandi. Continebit primo Hydrostatica Elementa, secundò Hydrostatica Theoremata ab aliis demonstrata, tertiò Hydrostatica Problemata.

XVIII. Liber erit Hydrotechnicus, agetque de illis Machinis aquaticis, quæ aquæ &amp;amp; spiritus ope construuntur, ideoque Hydraulico-pneumaticæ appellantur. Explicabuntur breviter quatuor dictarum Machinarum principia, alibi fusiùs à nobis explicata; quæ sunt, Vis Attractiva, Vis Expulsiva, Vis Rarefactiva, &amp;amp; Fluxus aquæ naturalis. Varia deinde technasmata, ex dictis principiis constructa, in medium proferentur.

XIX. Liber erit Opticus, ubi postquàm de oculi structura &amp;amp; partibus, de ejusdem objecto &amp;amp; objecti radiatione, de visione &amp;amp; modo videndi, de Opticis Hypothesibus egerimus; brevissimè de organica re-&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Pagina:Schott Gaspar CursusMathematicus 1677 Bambergae.djvu/20</title>
    <ns>104</ns>
    <id>87074</id>
    <revision>
      <id>285674</id>
      <parentid>284872</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-26T20:35:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sjgallagher2</username>
        <id>29663</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Emendata */</comment>
      <origin>285674</origin>
      <model>proofread-page</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2763" sha1="8avd164yj3xfzdwooh34uuil56dqq05" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;3&quot; user=&quot;Sjgallagher2&quot; /&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;rum delineatione secundùm Opticæ Practicæ præscripta tractabimus; geometricam verò delineationem, quoniam paucis tradi non potest, in alium differamus locum.

XX. Liber erit Catoptricus, tradetque catoptricas Definitiones, atque Hypotheses: varias speculorum proprietates, tum omnibus communes, tum planis, sphæricis, cylindricis, conicis, peculiares. Non pauca etiam de causticis speculis habebit, tam sphæricis, quàm parabolicis, ac etiam planis.

XXI. Liber erit Dioptricus, ac præter Dioptricas Definitiones, atque Hypotheses, vitrorum refringentium figuras ac proprietates explicabit, variasque rerum per radios refractos in aquis, &amp;amp; vitris, repræsentationes insinuabit, alibi à nobis pertractatas

XXII. Liber erit Architectonicus, &amp;amp; Architecturam Militarem continebit, non universam, sed modernam: non de novo conscriptam, sed ex optimis Auctoribus collectam. Agetur in ea de munimentorum tam regularium, quàm irregularium, delineatione, ortographia, ichnographia, in campus extructione, de Operibus externis, aliisque similibus.

XXIII. Liber erit Polemicus, &amp;amp; exhibebit breviter Polemicam Offensivam ac Defensivam, hoc est, modum hodie usitatum urbes obsidendi, oppugnandi, ac defendendi, nec non tormenta bellica, quorum in obsidione, oppugnatione, ac defensione urbium præcipuus est usus, dirigendi.

XXIV. Liber erit Tacticus, ac primò Tacticam castrorum, seu Castrametationem; deinde Tacticam acierum, seu aciei instructionem tradet; utramque breviter, &amp;amp; prout hac nostra aetate in usu est.

XXV. Liber erit Musicus, brevissimamque introductionem in Musicam, tum veterem Græcorum, tum modernam Latinorum continebit, cum regulis nonnullis in Melopœia servandis.

XXVI. Liber erit Algebraicus, tradetque breviter, ac pro Tyronum etiam captu dilucidè. Ac primò quidem exhibebit Algebræ Elementa in numeris rationalibus: secundò, explicationem Regulæ Algebræ, omniumque ejus partium: tertiò, Exercitationem Algebraicam, hoc est, variorum ænigmatum algebraicorum solutionem, in gratiam Tyronum: quartò, Elementa Algebræ numeris irrationalibus: quintò denique Exercitationem aliam Algebraicam tam in numeris irrationalibus, quàm rationalibus.

XXVII. Liber erit Logarithmicus, &amp;amp; breviter explicabit primò naturam ac genesim Logarithmorum, eorumque Proprietates varias: deinde Tabularum Logarithmicarum, quæ apud varios Auctores existant, ipsorumque Logarithmorum usum, tum in Trigonometria, tum alibi.

XXVIII. Liber erit Synopticus, &amp;amp; continebit novam atque elegantem omnium Mathematicarum Disciplinarum non tam enumerationem, ac partitionem, quàm Synopsin seu Breviarium, à Viro quodam doctissimo conscriptum. Quod ne intereat, ac multis aliis prosit, huic Operi nostro adjungendum duximus.
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{{dropinitial|C}}Vm &amp;amp; antequàm præsenti Operi manum admovissem, &amp;amp; postquàm jam favente Numine ad finem perduxissem, consilium meum atque conatum cum Viris doctissimis communicassem, missa ad nonnullos vel Operis idea, vel librorum sylloge, quò eorum experiret judicium; dici vix potest, quantopere vel [aximi] propositum approbarint, vel [dilau darint] Opus confectum. Illicò igitur Roma, Vienna, Vratulavia, Dilinga, Clagenfurte, Monachio, Moguntia, aliique è locis advolarunt aut gratulatoriæ, aut paræntica Epistolæ numero complures, urgentium, ac pænè importunè exstimulationis, inchoatum ut Opera maturaret, ac perfectam prato acturam subjicerem: sse fata, non gratum modo auge acceptum omnibus, sed usile quoque Republicæ Litterariæ futurum. Harum Epistolarum unam aut alteram hic exhibere placuit, non alio consilio, quam ad Tyrorum animos, quorum postfinitum causaribendi laborem suscepi, excitandos, auge ad studia acuenda. Quæ estiam causæ, cur iste in Mathematicarum Disciplinarum commendationem, pro more aliorum, in Operas vestibula non excurram, nec ad fedulam ac studiosam lectio nem ejusdem incitem Tyrones. Atres tuas si audes ipse, non raro visceunt; si alius, pretium acquirunt, si modo laus eis sincera, &amp;amp; suco adulatione minimè infesta.

{{c|
{{x-larger|R.P.ATHANASII KIRCHERI}}&lt;br/&gt;E SOCIETATE JESU&lt;br/&gt;{{xx-larger|P A R Æ N E S I S}}&lt;br/&gt;
AD TYRONES MATHEMATICOS.
}}

Aecliades Socratem vero vivoque colore in Symposio suo exprèsurus, cum pharmacopæi pyxidem non in congrue dixit. Pyxidem certe si extra videas, deformi corporis habitudine ridiculum cernis; intus si penetres, heroicas etque divinis dotibus refertam deprehendis. Pharmacopæi officinam ingressus, pyxides, urnas, ampullas, vasaque omnigenarum varietate instructa intueris quidem; at quæspectatorem externâ facie suâ ad risum potius, quam ad seriam rerum intus latentiun considerationem alliciant, dumnil adeo consideratione dignum se obtutui exhibet. Vides hic Harpyas monströsâ corporis metamorphosi ridiculas; illic Satyriscos hædins cruribus exasperatos: alibi Dracones tortuosos cervis stipatos aligeris, Pegafos diceres: Anferes quoque frænis lorisque instructos, in concha nescio quam Deastrantrahentes; innumera deniquealia spectas Naturæ monstra titi ridicula, ita humanæ imaginationis, quæ prius reideas, quàm videos, ludibria. Intus verò si penetras erit quod quæras; quæris erit quod ames; amas erit quod ingenti precio coëmas, balsama, ambram, muschum, gemmas, unionesque, &amp;amp; pretiosa qualibet tum ad præservan-&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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}}

{{dropinitial|C}}''Vm &amp;amp; antequàm præsenti Operi manum admovissem, &amp;amp; postquàm jam favente Numine ad finem perduxissem, consilium meum atque conatum cum Viris doctissimis communicassem, missa ad nonnullos vel Operis idea, vel librorum sylloge, quò eorum experiret judicium; dici vix potest, quantopere vel [aximi] propositum approbarint, vel [dilau darint] Opus confectum. Illicò igitur Roma, Vienna, Vratulavia, Dilinga, Clagenfurte, Monachio, Moguntia, aliique è locis advolarunt aut gratulatoriæ, aut paræntica Epistolæ numero complures, urgentium, ac pænè importunè exstimulationis, inchoatum ut Opera maturaret, ac perfectam prato acturam subjicerem: sse fata, non gratum modo auge acceptum omnibus, sed usile quoque Republicæ Litterariæ futurum. Harum Epistolarum unam aut alteram hic exhibere placuit, non alio consilio, quam ad Tyrorum animos, quorum postfinitum causaribendi laborem suscepi, excitandos, auge ad studia acuenda. Quæ estiam causæ, cur iste in Mathematicarum Disciplinarum commendationem, pro more aliorum, in Operas vestibula non excurram, nec ad fedulam ac studiosam lectio nem ejusdem incitem Tyrones. Atres tuas si audes ipse, non raro visceunt; si alius, pretium acquirunt, si modo laus eis sincera, &amp;amp; suco adulatione minimè infesta.''

{{c|
{{x-larger|R.P.ATHANASII KIRCHERI}}&lt;br/&gt;E SOCIETATE JESU&lt;br/&gt;{{xx-larger|P A R Æ N E S I S}}&lt;br/&gt;
AD TYRONES MATHEMATICOS.
}}

Aecliades Socratem vero vivoque colore in Symposio suo exprèsurus, cum pharmacopæi pyxidem non in congrue dixit. Pyxidem certe si extra videas, deformi corporis habitudine ridiculum cernis; intus si penetres, heroicas etque divinis dotibus refertam deprehendis. Pharmacopæi officinam ingressus, pyxides, urnas, ampullas, vasaque omnigenarum varietate instructa intueris quidem; at quæspectatorem externâ facie suâ ad risum potius, quam ad seriam rerum intus latentiun considerationem alliciant, dumnil adeo consideratione dignum se obtutui exhibet. Vides hic Harpyas monströsâ corporis metamorphosi ridiculas; illic Satyriscos hædins cruribus exasperatos: alibi Dracones tortuosos cervis stipatos aligeris, Pegafos diceres: Anferes quoque frænis lorisque instructos, in concha nescio quam Deastrantrahentes; innumera deniquealia spectas Naturæ monstra titi ridicula, ita humanæ imaginationis, quæ prius reideas, quàm videos, ludibria. Intus verò si penetras erit quod quæras; quæris erit quod ames; amas erit quod ingenti precio coëmas, balsama, ambram, muschum, gemmas, unionesque, &amp;amp; pretiosa qualibet tum ad præservan-&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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    <title>Pagina:Schott Gaspar CursusMathematicus 1677 Bambergae.djvu/26</title>
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      <text bytes="2903" sha1="iyb9ey524k64anom5mebtwsig1wjg1q" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;1&quot; user=&quot;Sjgallagher2&quot; /&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;spem rursus &amp;amp; fiduciam excitare? Sunt hæc divinæ Matheseos miracula; adeo ut nihil inter humanæ mentis repertum sit tam rarum, mirum, insolitum, paradoxum, quod Mathesis non exabditis Arithmeticæ, Geometricæ, Musicæ, Astronomicæ, Opticæ, Mechanicæ, Staticeque officinis, miro quodam Artis &amp;amp; Naturæ conjugio produxit. Sine hac omne deficit militaris disciplinæ studium; languescit in urbibus qua defendendis, qua oppugnandis, militibusque in aciem ritè disponendis, vigor omnis, atque industria. Hæc temporum Magistra; hæc æqui bonique, justi atque injusti arbitra, dum vitii poenas, virtutibusque præmia, unicumque quod suum est, ad Geometricæ, Arithmeticæ, atque Harmonicæ proportionis leges, quibus Reipublicæ salus, atque humani generis, quin vel ipsius Mundi conservatio subsistit, unicè decernit, &amp;amp; aptè distribuit.

Quare si nihil vobis, Tyrone, ad delectationem jucundius, nihil ad existimationem honestius, nihil ad vitæ fructum optabilius, ad rerum cognitionem aptius, ad Rempublicam administrandum utilius, &amp;amp; denique ad vitæ beatitudinem falubrius posse accidere; quis non operam, curam, studiumque omne in hisce Disciplinis omnium maximis addicendis sibi impendendum esse putavent? Auge itaque, officinam amè vobis descriptam jam legitimis, pyxidum arcanaspectatus: nihil ponò vobis restat, nisi ut quæ hujus Operis argumentum in se continet, voluptatum cimento, umbrorumque ubertate refertum, magno animo, ad divini Numinis gloriam, in Republica, atq; adeo in vetstra propria commoda &amp;amp; utilitates depromatis; memores illius:

{{c|
&lt;poem&gt;
{{Greek|οἱ θεῖοι παρὰ τὴν πάνη μουσικήν.}}
''Dii omnia laboribus vendunt.''
&lt;/poem&gt;
}}
&lt;br/&gt;

{{rule}}
{{c|
{{x-larger|R. P. BALTHASARIS CONRADI}}&lt;br/&gt;E SOCIETATE JESU,&lt;br/&gt;In Pragensi, Græcensi, &amp;amp; Uratislaviensi ejusdem SOCIETATIS&lt;br/&gt;Collegiis Mathematicæ Professoris&lt;br/&gt;{{xx-larger|P A R Æ N E S I S}}&lt;br/&gt;AD AUCTOREM CURSUS MATHEMATICI.&lt;br/&gt;''Reverende in Christo Pater, Pax Christi.''
}}
{{dropinitial|Q}}Vod pridem optaveram, ut efler quis è Societate nostrâ, qui etiam, quod Philosophis haèterus ab aliquo tempore in usu fuit, ''Cursum'' aliquem ''Mathematicum'' conciperet; id ego cum magna animi mei voluptate intelligo Reverentiam Vetram meditari. Res est, fateor, opera nec parvæ, nec brevis. Inprimis enim ipfa materies, quam ambitu suo complectitur Mathesis, quam illalatè diffusa sit, optimè novit R&lt;sup&gt;va&lt;/sup&gt;. V&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;. Certè solæ ejusdem partes, eàque non paucæ, si pro dignitate debeant tractari, integros Tomos requirunt. Quidquò summaduntaxat rerum capita Patri Hugoni Sempilio Codicem bene magnum peperint? &amp;amp; tamen sola illa re- censuit; non deduxit; nondemonstravit. Quid ergo si deducantur? Si, ut debet, demonstretur: Credam, ergo citius Reverentiam Vetram &amp;amp; vires &amp;amp; vitam defeceturam, quam omnes Matheseos partes,&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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    <title>Pagina:Schott Gaspar CursusMathematicus 1677 Bambergae.djvu/496</title>
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      <text bytes="5605" sha1="a8o0cozlh2irybq3pekgfhqzqxuqdzq" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;3&quot; user=&quot;Sjgallagher2&quot; /&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;volve globum ab Oriente versus Occidentem, donec locus, cujus horam quæris, sit sub Meridiano æneo: index horarius monstrabit horam. Si vis scire horam in locis occidentalibus, volve globum ab Occidente versus orientem &amp;amp;c. ''Si globum vertas donec index horarius percurrat unam horam, omnia locaquæ tunc sub Meridiano æneo sunt, numerant unam horam minus, aut plus, quam tuus locus.'' Hæc sufficiant. Plura vide apud alios qui de usu Globorum scribunt.

{{c|
{{xx-larger|CAPUT III.}} &lt;br/&gt;
''De explicatione Mapparum Geographicarum.''
}}

{{left sidenote|Mappae Geographicae.}}{{dropinitial|M}}Appæ seu Chartæ Geographicæ sunt, quæ Terraquæ descriptionem in plano exhibent. Sicut vero Terraquæ descriptio aliæst universalis, continens totius Terraquei globi imaginem seu picturam, &amp;amp; proprie Geographia appellatur; alia particularis alicujus regionis, ut Europæ, Hispaniæ, Germaniæ, Alsatiæ etc: &amp;amp; dicitut Chorographia; alia denique particularissima alicujus territorii, oppidi, pagi, arcis, &amp;amp; vocatut Topographia: ita etiam Chartarum seu Mapparum Geographicarum aliæ sunt universales, aliæ particulares, aliæ particularissimæ. De omnibus agemus, trademusque illarum explicationem, compositionem, &amp;amp; usum, hoc &amp;amp; seqq. capitibus.

{{c|
§. I. &lt;br/&gt;
''De forma Mapparum universalium.''
}}

{{dropinitial|A}}Liqui totum Terraqueum globum unâ circulari figurâ planâ exponere consueverunt. Commodius tamen est, duos adhibere circulos se mutuo contingentes, quorum unus unum hemisphærium, alter alterum repræsentet, sive oculus fingatur constitutus in axe Mundi, sive in plano Æquatoris (hæc quid significent, ex dicendis intelligetur) hac enim ratione majorem nanciscitur Mappa convenientiam cum Globo Terraqueo; &amp;amp; repræsentat globum velut in duas dissectum partes. Ab aliis etiam tabulæ Geographicæ universales figurâ cordis humani exprimuntur, ab aliis formâ expansi pallii, ab aliis aliter, a non nullis etiam formâ quadrangulari. Aptior tamen est forma quam diximus.

{{c|
§. II. &lt;br/&gt;
''De circulis Mapparum universalium.''
}}

{{dropinitial|I}}N Mappis universalibus describi solent iidem circuli, qui in Globo Geographico describuntur, excepto Horizonte, &amp;amp; excepta in aliquibus Eclipticâ seu Zodiaco. Æquator, Tropici, &amp;amp; Circuli polares plerumque adscripta habent nomina. ''Æquator'' transit per medium ab occasu in ortum instar lineæ crassioris divisæ in 360 gradus, initio facto a Primo Meridiano; distinguitque totam in hemisphærium septentrionale &amp;amp; meridionale. In eo numerantur longitudines regionum ac locorum. ''Meridianus Primus'' ambit utrumque hemisphærium, si Mappa duo continet; vel per medium a Septentrione in Austrum inter Mundum Veterem ac Novum similiter instar crassioris lineæ divisæ in duos aut quatuor quadrantes, initiis factis ab Æquatore versus utrumque polum. Reliqui Meridiani denis gradibus inter se distantes ducuntur a polo arctico ad antarcticum, &amp;amp; in rorundis Mappis conveniunt omnes in polis, in quadrilateris minime. ''Tropici'' &amp;amp; ''Polares'' circuli lineis latioribus albis aut rubellis sunt notati; ''Paralleli'' vero denis inter se gradibus distantes, lineis nigellis; omnesque ab occasu in ortum tendunt. ''Ecliptica'' ab ortu in occasum oblique describitur, ubi describitur; ostenditque loca quibus Sol est aliquando verticalis.

{{c|
§. III. &lt;br/&gt;
''De numeris Mapparum universalium.''
}}

{{dropinitial|I}}N multis chartis Geographicis universalibus reperiuntur quatuor aut quinque generan umerorum. Horum alii ostendunt gradus longitudinum, cujusmodi sunt qui Æquatori sunt adscripti: alii gradus latitudinum, cujusmodi sunt qui adscripti sunt Primo Meridiano: alii intra quotum Clima Veterum sint regiones &amp;amp; loca, &amp;amp; quot horarum sit dies maximus sub quolibet Climate, ab Æquatore usque ad Circulum polarem, aut quanto tempore duret dies aut nox continua a Polati usque ad polum; &amp;amp; hi numeri adscripti sunt Mapparum marginibus lateralibus: alii denique indicant quot milliaria valeant singuli gradus Parallelorum quibus e regione adscripti sunt. In aliquibus etiam reperiuntur numeri indicantes quanta sit umbra styli 60 partium æqualium horizonti perpendicularis in data quacunque altitudine poli; &amp;amp; alii quanta sit umbra meridiana ejusdem styli in die æquinoctii.

{{c|
§. IV. &lt;br/&gt;
''Quid præcipue in Mappis universalibus considerandum sit.''
}}

{{dropinitial|I}}N Mapparum aspectu facies convertenda est ad polum arcticum, dextera ad Mundum Veterem, sinistra ad Novum. In iis autem considerandæ sunt primo quatuor Mundi plagæ, &amp;amp; videndum quænam regiones sunt cis Æquatorem versus polum arcticum; &amp;amp; boreales; quæ ultra versus antarcticum, &amp;amp; australes; quæ ad dexteram Primi Meridiani, &amp;amp; quæ ad sinistram. Item quæ respectu nostræ aut alterius cujusvis regionis aut loci sint orientales, occidentales, septentrionales, australes. Deinde sub qua Zona sit quælibet regio, aut locus; sub quo Climate Veterum aut Recentiorum; quam habeat latitudinem borealem aut australem, quam longitudinem. Præterea quando habeat æstatem, hyemen; quantum diem ac noctem quovis anni tempore; quando Solem supra verticem etc. Item quot regio aliqua contineat milliaria in longitudine, latitudine, &amp;amp; circuitu; quantum duo aut plura loca inter se distent. Item qui sint antoeci, perioeci, antipodes, ascii, amphiscii, heteroscii, periscii, aliaque similia.

{{c|
§. V. &lt;br/&gt;
''De Mappis Geographicis particularibus.''
}}

{{dropinitial|I}}N nominibus tabulis seu mappis particularibus ponuntur Æquator &amp;amp; Primus Meridianus, uterque&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="6091" sha1="b7sbw3gbd6i6wvnpy9x3q5avpawll7u" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;3&quot; user=&quot;Sjgallagher2&quot; /&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;in suos gradus divisus, &amp;amp; numeris appositisdistinctus, in aliquibus quidem expresse &amp;amp; per se, in aliis vero analogice &amp;amp; per suos vicarios. Æquator expresse &amp;amp; per se tunc ponitur in tabulis, quando loca in iis expressa sunt sub Æquatore, aut proxime ad Æquatorem sunt sita, cujusmodi sunt tabulæ Asiæ, Africæ, &amp;amp; Americæ. In tabula Europæ, &amp;amp; aliis quæ nulla loca Æquatori subjecta continent, ponitur solum analogice &amp;amp; per suum vicarium, nimirum in ora seu margine ab occidente in orientem transversis lineis crassioribus in suos gradusdivisis, &amp;amp; in numeros distindtis: hæ enim lineæ exprimunt longitudinem locorum in tabulis contentorum. non secus ac Æquator in suis tabulis. In aliquibus tabulis apponuntur etiam lineæ subtiliores prioribus æquidistantes, &amp;amp; repræsentant Parallelos Æquatoris. Meridianus primarius expresse ponitur in illa tabula, quæloca continet per quætransit; in aliis vero ponitur solum analogice &amp;amp; per vicarios in utroque margine dextro ac sinistro a septentrione in austrum, lineis crassioribus divisis in gradus, &amp;amp; numeros. Hæ lineæ exprimunt latitudinem locorum, &amp;amp; elevationempoli, quæ semper latitudini æqualis est. Alii Meridiani exprimuntur lineis subtilioribus, quæ in aliquibus quidem æquedistant Meridiano primario, in aliquibus vero versus polum convergunt, divergunt versus Æquatorem seu ejus vicarium in margine inferiori positum. Tropici, &amp;amp; Polares circuli non ponuntur nisi in illis tabulis, quæ continent loca iis subjecta.

Solet in plerisque tabulis appingi scala milliarium, adscripto titulo, eaque vel simplex continens unius solum nationis milliaria, vel composita continens milliaria diversarum nationum; quod ideo sit, ut ope illius scalæ possint milliaria in seinvicem converti, seu ut eorundem locorum distantiæ reperiri queant in diversis milliariorum generibus.

In aliquibus mappis apponuntur etiam ad latus juxta Meridianos vicarios numeri exprimentes ordinem Climatum, longitudinem dierum ac nostium, &amp;amp; similia, de quibus in §. 3. præcedente.

{{c|
{{xx-larger|CAPUT IV.}} &lt;br/&gt;
''De Repræsentatione Terraquei Globi in Mappis universalibus.''
}}

{{dropinitial|I}}N Tabularum geographicarum confectione ad tria præcipue attendere oportet: primo ut omnia loca ad præcipuos illarum circulos, nempe ad Æquatorem, Parallelos, &amp;amp; Meridianos, habeant talem situm ac distantiam, qualem in ipso Terraqueo globo habent ad ipsius circulos: secundo ut magnitudines singularum regionum eam proportionem servent in tabulis, quam in ipsa Tellure: tertio, ut loca quælibet ad se in vicem eam servent distantiam, quam habet in eadem Tellure. Primum facile obtineri potest, si tabulæ conficiantur juxta longitudines ac latitudines locorum, nec Perspectivæ leges id impediunt: at secundum &amp;amp; tertium eædem leges minime permittunt, quoniam circuli latitudinum ac longitudinum alicubi magis coeunt aut divaricantur in charta, quam in ipsa Tellure. Ideo qui tria prædicta præstare volunt, Perspectivæ regulas in Mapparum delineatione non usquequaque servant. Sed hæc melius ex dicendis infra de Perspectiva seu Optica Practica intelligentur. Nunc breviter explicabo modos nonnullos conficiendi Tabulas universales.

{{c|
{{larger|Propositio. I.}} &lt;br/&gt;
''Terraqueum Globum in plano Aequatoris exhibere duobus hemisphæriis, oculo constituto in axe Mundi.''
}}

{{dropinitial|C}}Entro A, {{right sidenote|''Mappam universalem confiscere.'' Vide Iconismi VI. Fig. 355.}}intervallo AB magno aut parvo (prout magnam aut parvam vis efficere Mappam) fiat circulus BCDE, dividaturque in 360. gradus &amp;amp; per denos aut quindenos quoslibet, ac per centrum, ducantur rectæ manifestæ, ac numeri adscribantur ut vides: per singulos vero gradus &amp;amp; centrum ducantur aliæ rectæ occultæ, ac facile delebiles. II. A decimo quolibet gradu quadrantis ED ad punctum B ducantur rectæ occultæ; &amp;amp; ubi intersecabunt radium AE, per ea puncta ex A centro describantur circuli manifesticoncentrici. Præterea a gradu 23 1/2, &amp;amp; a gradu, 66 1/2 ejusdem quadrantis ED, ad punctum B, ducantur aliæ duæ occultæ, &amp;amp; per puncta intersectionis in radio AE ducantur ex centro A alii duo manifesti circuli crassioribus lineis. Denique a singulis reliquis gradibus ad punctum B ducantur totidem aliæ occultæ, &amp;amp; per puncta intersectionum in radio EA fiant circuli occulti ac delebiles ex centro A. III. Figura hæc repræsentat unum Terraquei Globi per Æquatorem secti hemisphærium, v. g. septentrionale, in quo A est polus arcticus; BCDE est Æquator; duo circuli crassiores sunt Tropicus Cancri, &amp;amp; Polaris arcticus; reliqui sunt Paralleli Æquatoris; rectæ e centro A ad Æquinoctialem ductæ sunt Meridiani, quorum EA est primus seu primarius. Eodem modo delineatur hæmisphærium alterum Australe. IV. In hoc planum facile coniiciuntur omnia loca quorum longitudo ac latitudo data est, si in Æquatore BCDE quæratut longitudo seu Meridianus loci, in ipso vero Meridiano invento quæratur latitudo seu Parallelus ejusdemlocil; punctum enim in quo Meridianus &amp;amp; Parallelus sese intersecant, est situs loci quæsitus.

{{c|
{{larger|Annotatio.}}
}}

{{dropinitial|F}}''Acilis est hæc praxis, &amp;amp; juxta leges Perspectivæ, censeturque oculus Mappam aspicientis positus in axe Mundi extra polum Terræ A: at incommodum hoc havet, quod tametsi loca quælibet servent debitum situm respectu circulorum, at non nanciscantur debitam a se invicem distantiam, nec regiones debitam magnitudinem, sed eo minorem, quo magis polo A sunt vicinæ. Sequens praxis accommodatior est naturæ rei.''

{{c|
{{larger|Problema II.}} &lt;br/&gt;
''Terraqueum Globum exhibere in plano Meridiani primi seu Horizontis recti, duobus hemisphæriis, oculo constituto in axe dicti Horizontis.''
}}

{{dropinitial|C}}Entro E, {{right sidenote|''Mappam universalem aliter conficere.'' Video Iconismi VI. Fig. 356.}}intervallo lubito EA, fiat circulus ABCD, qui repræsentet Meridianum primum, seu Horizontem rect um, cujus poli sint in B &amp;amp; D. Quadrantes singuli dividantur in 90 gra-&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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      <comment>Fix typo</comment>
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      <text bytes="6090" sha1="hnstqro0vjlml0piu8h7aj0yhxfbthr" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;3&quot; user=&quot;Sjgallagher2&quot; /&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;in suos gradus divisus, &amp;amp; numeris appositisdistinctus, in aliquibus quidem expresse &amp;amp; per se, in aliis vero analogice &amp;amp; per suos vicarios. Æquator expresse &amp;amp; per se tunc ponitur in tabulis, quando loca in iis expressa sunt sub Æquatore, aut proxime ad Æquatorem sunt sita, cujusmodi sunt tabulæ Asiæ, Africæ, &amp;amp; Americæ. In tabula Europæ, &amp;amp; aliis quæ nulla loca Æquatori subjecta continent, ponitur solum analogice &amp;amp; per suum vicarium, nimirum in ora seu margine ab occidente in orientem transversis lineis crassioribus in suos gradusdivisis, &amp;amp; in numeros distindtis: hæ enim lineæ exprimunt longitudinem locorum in tabulis contentorum. non secus ac Æquator in suis tabulis. In aliquibus tabulis apponuntur etiam lineæ subtiliores prioribus æquidistantes, &amp;amp; repræsentant Parallelos Æquatoris. Meridianus primarius expresse ponitur in illa tabula, quæloca continet per quætransit; in aliis vero ponitur solum analogice &amp;amp; per vicarios in utroque margine dextro ac sinistro a septentrione in austrum, lineis crassioribus divisis in gradus, &amp;amp; numeros. Hæ lineæ exprimunt latitudinem locorum, &amp;amp; elevationempoli, quæ semper latitudini æqualis est. Alii Meridiani exprimuntur lineis subtilioribus, quæ in aliquibus quidem æquedistant Meridiano primario, in aliquibus vero versus polum convergunt, divergunt versus Æquatorem seu ejus vicarium in margine inferiori positum. Tropici, &amp;amp; Polares circuli non ponuntur nisi in illis tabulis, quæ continent loca iis subjecta.

Solet in plerisque tabulis appingi scala milliarium, adscripto titulo, eaque vel simplex continens unius solum nationis milliaria, vel composita continens milliaria diversarum nationum; quod ideo sit, ut ope illius scalæ possint milliaria in seinvicem converti, seu ut eorundem locorum distantiæ reperiri queant in diversis milliariorum generibus.

In aliquibus mappis apponuntur etiam ad latus juxta Meridianos vicarios numeri exprimentes ordinem Climatum, longitudinem dierum ac nostium, &amp;amp; similia, de quibus in §. 3. præcedente.

{{c|
{{xx-larger|CAPUT IV.}} &lt;br/&gt;
''De Repræsentatione Terraquei Globi in Mappis universalibus.''
}}

{{dropinitial|I}}N Tabularum geographicarum confectione ad tria præcipue attendere oportet: primo ut omnia loca ad præcipuos illarum circulos, nempe ad Æquatorem, Parallelos, &amp;amp; Meridianos, habeant talem situm ac distantiam, qualem in ipso Terraqueo globo habent ad ipsius circulos: secundo ut magnitudines singularum regionum eam proportionem servent in tabulis, quam in ipsa Tellure: tertio, ut loca quælibet ad se in vicem eam servent distantiam, quam habet in eadem Tellure. Primum facile obtineri potest, si tabulæ conficiantur juxta longitudines ac latitudines locorum, nec Perspectivæ leges id impediunt: at secundum &amp;amp; tertium eædem leges minime permittunt, quoniam circuli latitudinum ac longitudinum alicubi magis coeunt aut divaricantur in charta, quam in ipsa Tellure. Ideo qui tria prædicta præstare volunt, Perspectivæ regulas in Mapparum delineatione non usquequaque servant. Sed hæc melius ex dicendis infra de Perspectiva seu Optica Practica intelligentur. Nunc breviter explicabo modos nonnullos conficiendi Tabulas universales.

{{c|
{{larger|Propositio. I.}} &lt;br/&gt;
''Terraqueum Globum in plano Aequatoris exhibere duobus hemisphæriis, oculo constituto in axe Mundi.''
}}

{{dropinitial|C}}Entro A, {{right sidenote|''Mappam universalem conficere.'' Vide Iconismi VI. Fig. 355.}}intervallo AB magno aut parvo (prout magnam aut parvam vis efficere Mappam) fiat circulus BCDE, dividaturque in 360. gradus &amp;amp; per denos aut quindenos quoslibet, ac per centrum, ducantur rectæ manifestæ, ac numeri adscribantur ut vides: per singulos vero gradus &amp;amp; centrum ducantur aliæ rectæ occultæ, ac facile delebiles. II. A decimo quolibet gradu quadrantis ED ad punctum B ducantur rectæ occultæ; &amp;amp; ubi intersecabunt radium AE, per ea puncta ex A centro describantur circuli manifesticoncentrici. Præterea a gradu 23 1/2, &amp;amp; a gradu, 66 1/2 ejusdem quadrantis ED, ad punctum B, ducantur aliæ duæ occultæ, &amp;amp; per puncta intersectionis in radio AE ducantur ex centro A alii duo manifesti circuli crassioribus lineis. Denique a singulis reliquis gradibus ad punctum B ducantur totidem aliæ occultæ, &amp;amp; per puncta intersectionum in radio EA fiant circuli occulti ac delebiles ex centro A. III. Figura hæc repræsentat unum Terraquei Globi per Æquatorem secti hemisphærium, v. g. septentrionale, in quo A est polus arcticus; BCDE est Æquator; duo circuli crassiores sunt Tropicus Cancri, &amp;amp; Polaris arcticus; reliqui sunt Paralleli Æquatoris; rectæ e centro A ad Æquinoctialem ductæ sunt Meridiani, quorum EA est primus seu primarius. Eodem modo delineatur hæmisphærium alterum Australe. IV. In hoc planum facile coniiciuntur omnia loca quorum longitudo ac latitudo data est, si in Æquatore BCDE quæratut longitudo seu Meridianus loci, in ipso vero Meridiano invento quæratur latitudo seu Parallelus ejusdemlocil; punctum enim in quo Meridianus &amp;amp; Parallelus sese intersecant, est situs loci quæsitus.

{{c|
{{larger|Annotatio.}}
}}

{{dropinitial|F}}''Acilis est hæc praxis, &amp;amp; juxta leges Perspectivæ, censeturque oculus Mappam aspicientis positus in axe Mundi extra polum Terræ A: at incommodum hoc havet, quod tametsi loca quælibet servent debitum situm respectu circulorum, at non nanciscantur debitam a se invicem distantiam, nec regiones debitam magnitudinem, sed eo minorem, quo magis polo A sunt vicinæ. Sequens praxis accommodatior est naturæ rei.''

{{c|
{{larger|Problema II.}} &lt;br/&gt;
''Terraqueum Globum exhibere in plano Meridiani primi seu Horizontis recti, duobus hemisphæriis, oculo constituto in axe dicti Horizontis.''
}}

{{dropinitial|C}}Entro E, {{right sidenote|''Mappam universalem aliter conficere.'' Video Iconismi VI. Fig. 356.}}intervallo lubito EA, fiat circulus ABCD, qui repræsentet Meridianum primum, seu Horizontem rect um, cujus poli sint in B &amp;amp; D. Quadrantes singuli dividantur in 90 gra-&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="6088" sha1="mr4zsiph71fg8thcfqjhjisfxmp1jh1" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;3&quot; user=&quot;Sjgallagher2&quot; /&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;in suos gradus divisus, &amp;amp; numeris appositisdistinctus, in aliquibus quidem expresse &amp;amp; per se, in aliis vero analogice &amp;amp; per suos vicarios. Æquator expresse &amp;amp; per se tunc ponitur in tabulis, quando loca in iis expressa sunt sub Æquatore, aut proxime ad Æquatorem sunt sita, cujusmodi sunt tabulæ Asiæ, Africæ, &amp;amp; Americæ. In tabula Europæ, &amp;amp; aliis quæ nulla loca Æquatori subjecta continent, ponitur solum analogice &amp;amp; per suum vicarium, nimirum in ora seu margine ab occidente in orientem transversis lineis crassioribus in suos gradusdivisis, &amp;amp; in numeros distindtis: hæ enim lineæ exprimunt longitudinem locorum in tabulis contentorum. non secus ac Æquator in suis tabulis. In aliquibus tabulis apponuntur etiam lineæ subtiliores prioribus æquidistantes, &amp;amp; repræsentant Parallelos Æquatoris. Meridianus primarius expresse ponitur in illa tabula, quæloca continet per quætransit; in aliis vero ponitur solum analogice &amp;amp; per vicarios in utroque margine dextro ac sinistro a septentrione in austrum, lineis crassioribus divisis in gradus, &amp;amp; numeros. Hæ lineæ exprimunt latitudinem locorum, &amp;amp; elevationempoli, quæ semper latitudini æqualis est. Alii Meridiani exprimuntur lineis subtilioribus, quæ in aliquibus quidem æquedistant Meridiano primario, in aliquibus vero versus polum convergunt, divergunt versus Æquatorem seu ejus vicarium in margine inferiori positum. Tropici, &amp;amp; Polares circuli non ponuntur nisi in illis tabulis, quæ continent loca iis subjecta.

Solet in plerisque tabulis appingi scala milliarium, adscripto titulo, eaque vel simplex continens unius solum nationis milliaria, vel composita continens milliaria diversarum nationum; quod ideo sit, ut ope illius scalæ possint milliaria in seinvicem converti, seu ut eorundem locorum distantiæ reperiri queant in diversis milliariorum generibus.

In aliquibus mappis apponuntur etiam ad latus juxta Meridianos vicarios numeri exprimentes ordinem Climatum, longitudinem dierum ac nostium, &amp;amp; similia, de quibus in §. 3. præcedente.

{{c|
{{xx-larger|CAPUT IV.}} &lt;br/&gt;
''De Repræsentatione Terraquei Globi in Mappis universalibus.''
}}

{{dropinitial|I}}N Tabularum geographicarum confectione ad tria præcipue attendere oportet: primo ut omnia loca ad præcipuos illarum circulos, nempe ad Æquatorem, Parallelos, &amp;amp; Meridianos, habeant talem situm ac distantiam, qualem in ipso Terraqueo globo habent ad ipsius circulos: secundo ut magnitudines singularum regionum eam proportionem servent in tabulis, quam in ipsa Tellure: tertio, ut loca quælibet ad se in vicem eam servent distantiam, quam habet in eadem Tellure. Primum facile obtineri potest, si tabulæ conficiantur juxta longitudines ac latitudines locorum, nec Perspectivæ leges id impediunt: at secundum &amp;amp; tertium eædem leges minime permittunt, quoniam circuli latitudinum ac longitudinum alicubi magis coeunt aut divaricantur in charta, quam in ipsa Tellure. Ideo qui tria prædicta præstare volunt, Perspectivæ regulas in Mapparum delineatione non usquequaque servant. Sed hæc melius ex dicendis infra de Perspectiva seu Optica Practica intelligentur. Nunc breviter explicabo modos nonnullos conficiendi Tabulas universales.

{{c|
{{larger|Propositio. I.}} &lt;br/&gt;
''Terraqueum Globum in plano Aequatoris exhibere duobus hemisphæriis, oculo constituto in axe Mundi.''
}}

{{dropinitial|C}}Entro A, {{right sidenote|''Mappam universalem conficere.'' Vide Iconismi VI. Fig. 355.}}intervallo AB magno aut parvo (prout magnam aut parvam vis efficere Mappam) fiat circulus BCDE, dividaturque in 360. gradus &amp;amp; per denos aut quindenos quoslibet, ac per centrum, ducantur rectæ manifestæ, ac numeri adscribantur ut vides: per singulos vero gradus &amp;amp; centrum ducantur aliæ rectæ occultæ, ac facile delebiles. II. A decimo quolibet gradu quadrantis ED ad punctum B ducantur rectæ occultæ; &amp;amp; ubi intersecabunt radium AE, per ea puncta ex A centro describantur circuli manifesticoncentrici. Præterea a gradu 23 ½, &amp;amp; a gradu, 66 ½ ejusdem quadrantis ED, ad punctum B, ducantur aliæ duæ occultæ, &amp;amp; per puncta intersectionis in radio AE ducantur ex centro A alii duo manifesti circuli crassioribus lineis. Denique a singulis reliquis gradibus ad punctum B ducantur totidem aliæ occultæ, &amp;amp; per puncta intersectionum in radio EA fiant circuli occulti ac delebiles ex centro A. III. Figura hæc repræsentat unum Terraquei Globi per Æquatorem secti hemisphærium, v. g. septentrionale, in quo A est polus arcticus; BCDE est Æquator; duo circuli crassiores sunt Tropicus Cancri, &amp;amp; Polaris arcticus; reliqui sunt Paralleli Æquatoris; rectæ e centro A ad Æquinoctialem ductæ sunt Meridiani, quorum EA est primus seu primarius. Eodem modo delineatur hæmisphærium alterum Australe. IV. In hoc planum facile coniiciuntur omnia loca quorum longitudo ac latitudo data est, si in Æquatore BCDE quæratut longitudo seu Meridianus loci, in ipso vero Meridiano invento quæratur latitudo seu Parallelus ejusdemlocil; punctum enim in quo Meridianus &amp;amp; Parallelus sese intersecant, est situs loci quæsitus.

{{c|
{{larger|Annotatio.}}
}}

{{dropinitial|F}}''Acilis est hæc praxis, &amp;amp; juxta leges Perspectivæ, censeturque oculus Mappam aspicientis positus in axe Mundi extra polum Terræ A: at incommodum hoc havet, quod tametsi loca quælibet servent debitum situm respectu circulorum, at non nanciscantur debitam a se invicem distantiam, nec regiones debitam magnitudinem, sed eo minorem, quo magis polo A sunt vicinæ. Sequens praxis accommodatior est naturæ rei.''

{{c|
{{larger|Problema II.}} &lt;br/&gt;
''Terraqueum Globum exhibere in plano Meridiani primi seu Horizontis recti, duobus hemisphæriis, oculo constituto in axe dicti Horizontis.''
}}

{{dropinitial|C}}Entro E, {{right sidenote|''Mappam universalem aliter conficere.'' Video Iconismi VI. Fig. 356.}}intervallo lubito EA, fiat circulus ABCD, qui repræsentet Meridianum primum, seu Horizontem rect um, cujus poli sint in B &amp;amp; D. Quadrantes singuli dividantur in 90 gra-&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="6515" sha1="kripqwf332oacy1hdb22hqs3f1ifr90" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;3&quot; user=&quot;Sjgallagher2&quot; /&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;dus, initio facto ab A &amp;amp; C, versus B &amp;amp; D. II. Ad. singula puncta divisionum quadrantis AB ducantur rectæ occultæ ex puncto D, &amp;amp; notentur puncta intersectionis in radio AE; quæ puncta transferantur etiam in reliquos radios EB, EC, ED. III. Per dena puncta radii AE, ad polos B &amp;amp; D, ducantur semicirculi manifesti, per reliqua vero puncta omnia ejusdem radii AE, semicirculi occulti. Idem fiat ex altera parte. Præterea per dena puncta radii EB, &amp;amp; per denos oppositos gradus quadrantem AB, CB, ducantur semicirculi manifesti; per reliqua vero puncta &amp;amp; gradus, semicirculi occulti. Item fiat ex opposita parte. IV. Figura repræsentat hemisphærium unum Terraquei Globi per Primum Meridianum (qui &amp;amp; Horizon rectus) secti, v. g. superum hemisphærium, in quo circulus ABCD est planum dicti Meridiani, B polus arcticus, D antarcticus; semicirculi a polis per radium AE ducti, sunt Meridiani secundarii, seu circuli longitudinum; alii semicirculi per radium EB ducti, sunt Paralleli Æquatoris; AEC est Æquator, cujus punctum E est gradus 90. a puncto A primi Meridiani inchoatus; BED est Meridianus per gradum 90 Æquatoris ductus. Tropicos repræsentant Paralleli per gradum 23 1/2; Polares vero circulos, Paralleli per gradum 66 1/2, hinc inde ab Æquatore remotos ducti, ideoque crassioribus lineis exprimi debent. Ecliptica ducitur per gradum 23 1/2 ab Æquatore versus polos, &amp;amp; per puncta A &amp;amp; C. Semicirculi prædicti ducuntur per tria puncta, juxta praxin traditam lib. 1. c. 4. art. 2. Praxi 5. in Corollario. Eâdem ratione delineatur alterum hemisphærium inferum. V. In hoc planum conijciuntur loca quælibet quorum data est longitudo &amp;amp; lacitudo; ubi enim semicirculi longitudinis ac latitudinis datorum locorum se mutuo intersecant, ibi est illorum locorum situs, ut in præcedenti Problemate diximus.

{{c|
{{larger|Annotatio.}}
}}

{{dropinitial|H}}''Æc praxis eadem habet incommoda quæ prior: regiones enim circa medium minores evadunt quam circa extrema; &amp;amp; loca ibi minus inter se distant, quam hæc. Apte tamen &amp;amp; juxta Perspetivæ leges fit repræsentatio.'' Neque ex hac, neque ex præcedenti Mappa sumi possunt locorum distantiæ circino in Æquatorem aut Meridianum translatæ.

{{c|
{{larger|Problema II.}} &lt;br/&gt;
''Mappam universalem describere in unoplano per lineas rectas.''
}}

{{dropinitial|D}}Uobus {{left sidenote|''Mappam universalem adhuc aliter conficere.''}}præcedentibus modis Mappæ describuntur lineis partim rectis, partim curvis, quoniam salvis Perspectivæ legibus aliter id fieri nequit. Sunt alii duo modi easdem lineis omnino rectis conficiendi, contraleges Perspectivæ. In utroque modo omnes lineæ, tam longitudinis quam latitudinis, sunt inter separellelæ, sed cum hac differentia, quod in primo modo sunt omnes divisæ in partes æquales, at in secundo modo solum lineæ longitudinis sunt in partes æquales divisæ, lineæ vero latitudinis in partes inæquales. Utrumque hæc tradam.

{{c|
{{larger|Primus Modus.}}
}}

{{dropinitial|A}}Ssumpta {{left sidenote|Vide Iconismi VII. Fig. 357.}}recta AB pro Æquatore, seu pro linea longitudinis, dividatur bifariam in C; &amp;amp; tam AC, quam BC in 180 partes æquales subdividatur, juxta numerum graduum 360 in quos dividitur Æquator. Numeri adscribantur initio facto â C versus B, ubi sit gradus 180; reliqui vero continuentur ab A versus C, ubi ponatur gradus 360. II. Per singulos gradus ducantur parallelæ ad angulos rectos, velut totidem Meridiani. III. Meridianus medius DE dividatur in bis 90 partes æquales tam inter se, quam partibus Æquatoris AB; initio facto a C versus D de E, velut versus polos Terræ, &amp;amp; per singulas partes seu gradus ducantur aliæ parallelæ ad rectos angulos, veluti totidem Paralleli Æquatoris, seu lineæ latitudinum. IV. Locorum quæ inscribere vis Mappæ hac ratione divisæ, quære tam longitudinem, quam latitudinem, hoc est, tam longitudinis quam latitudinis lineam, &amp;amp; ubi hæ se intersecabunt, ibi erit situs cujuslibet loci. Peractâ descriptione, deleri debent omnes lineæ, præter Æquatorem, cum Tropicis, Polaribus, &amp;amp; Parallelis per decimum quemque gradum Meridiani primi DE transeuntibus; &amp;amp; præter dictum Meridianum DE, cum Meridianis secundariis per decimum quemque gradum Æquatoris transeuntibus. ''Loca tamen polis viciniora non solent hujusmodi Mappis inscribi, quoniam enormiter, præter quam deberent, distarent inter se.''

{{c|
{{larger|Secundus Modus.}}
}}

{{dropinitial|R}}Ecta AB velut Æquator dividatur in partes 360 æquales ut antea, initio facto a C, &amp;amp; {{right sidenote|Vide Iconismi VII. Fig. 357.}}fine in eodem C, &amp;amp; per singulos gradus ducantur rectæ parallelæ inter se, &amp;amp; perpendiculares ipsi AB. Et hæ designant Meridianos, seu circulos aut lineas longitudinum. II. Primus Meridianus DE dividatur in partes inæquales ita, ut quo magis receditur ab Æquatore AB versus uttumque polum D, &amp;amp; E, eo majores sint partes divisæ; &amp;amp; per singula puncta divisionum ducantur lineæ rectæ, inter se nihilominus parallelæ, &amp;amp; perpendiculares ad DE. Et hæ designant lineas seu circulos latitudinum. Augme~ntum cujusvis partis seu gradus Meridiani, supra augmentum unius partis seu gradus Æquatoris, invenitur, si fiat; ut sinus complementi latitudinis cujusvis Paralleli incipientis illum gradum, ad sinum totum, ita numerus partium in quasunus Æquatoris gradus divisus intelligitur, ad aliud. Accuratius agetur, si pro primo termino in Regula proportionum non sumatur sinus complementi latitudinis cujusque Paralleli; sed sinus complementi latitudinis quæ incipit gradum, addatur ad si num complementi latitudinis quæ terminat gradum illum, &amp;amp; hujus aggregati dimidium sumatur pro primo termino in Regula prædicta. EXEMPLUM. Sit determinanda in primo Meridiano DE magnitudo primi gradus latitudinis ab Æquatore. Intelligatur unus gradus Æquatoris divisus in 10 particulas æquales. Juxta primam proportionem fiet ejus magnitudo æqualis uni gradui Æquatoris, quia Æquitor ipse est Parallelus qui primum latitudinis gradum incipit. At juxta secundam proportionem sumo sinum complementi gr. o. latitudinis, qui est sinus totus 10000000 (nam complementum gr. o. est 90.) &amp;amp; addo ad sinum complementi 1. gr. nempead sinum 89. graduum, qui est 9998477, fiunt 19998477, dimidium 9999238½ Dico itaque: ut 9999238 (omissâ fractione) ad 10000000, ita 10. ad aliud: &amp;amp; invenio 10. &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\frac{9999238}{10000000}&lt;/math&gt; pro primo gradu&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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    <title>Pagina:Schott Gaspar CursusMathematicus 1677 Bambergae.djvu/501</title>
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      <text bytes="3704" sha1="ktml02ntljo57po0z2p5x1byql2h473" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;3&quot; user=&quot;Sjgallagher2&quot; /&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;latitudinis. Eodem modo proceditur in aliis exemplis. Hac methodo composita est sequens tabella. Prima columna continet gradus Meridiani Primi, seu latitudinum, secunda columna particulas cuilibet gradui debitas, posito uno gradu Æquatoris diviso in 100. particulas.

{{left sidenote|''Tabula geographica pro delineandis Mappis.''}}Tabula pro delineatione Mapparum Geographicarum universalium.
{{hic est tabula}}

Ultra gradum 80 latitudinis fit enorme augmentum, ideo non proceditur ulterius, sed regiones utrique polo propinquæ proponuntur in duobus hemisphæriis modo dicto in Problemate 1. Per Mappas hoc artificio confectas putant inveniri vere lineam nauticam seurhombum ab uno loco ad alium; dequa re postea.

''Omitto alios modos delineandi Mappas universales, qualis est quem tradit Ptolomæus lib. 1. Geograph. cap. ult. &amp;amp; alius quo quilibet datus in Terraqueo globo locus obtinere potest centrum seu medium Mappæ.''

{{c|
{{xx-larger|CAPUT V.}} &lt;br/&gt;
''De Repræsentatione Partium Terraquei globi in Mappis particularibus.''
}}

{{dropinitial|P}}Artes {{left sidenote|''Mappas particulares conficere.''}}Terraquei globi in Mappis repræsentandæ, sunt vel magnæ, ut Europa, Asia, Africa, America, Terra Borealis, Terra Australis; vel parvæ, ut Germania, Franconia etc. Terra Borealis &amp;amp; Australis commodissime exhibentur Probl. 1. capitis præcedentis. America in uno hemisphærio. per Probl. 2. Asia &amp;amp; Africa, per quæ transit Æquator, per Probl. 3. Europa servatâ proportione Parallelorum ad Æquatorem ut sequitur.

{{''Europam delineare.'' Vide Iconismi VII Fig. 358.}}Sit itaque delineanda Europa. I. Inquiratur quæ sit longitudo &amp;amp; latitudo totius Europaæ; item quæ sit longitudo extremarum partium occidentalium &amp;amp; orientalium, quæ item latitudo extremarum borealium autaustralium. II. Ducta recta D Eper medium Mappæ futuræ, quæ repræsentet meridianum medium inter duos extremos versus Occidentem &amp;amp; Orientem (expedit autem pro tali Meridiano eligere eum qui a primo Meridiano distet numero graduum qui per 10, aut 5. dividatur adæquate) dividatur in tot partes æquales aut inæ quales, quot graduum est latitudo totius regionis. III. Per extrerma puncta D &amp;amp; E prædictæ lineæ ducantur duæ perpendiculares, FG, &amp;amp; HI, quarum illa repræsentet extremum Parallelum australem, hæc borealem. IV. Parallelus FG dividatur in tot partes æquales, quod gradus longitudinis continet Europa. In totidem partes dividatur Parallelus HI, vel æquales prioribus, vel minores secundum illam proportionem, quam habet unus Parallelus ad alterum quoad magnitudinem graduum ad Æquatorem comparatorum. V. Parallelorum FG, &amp;amp; HI puncta divisionum correspondentia connectantur lineis rectis HF, IG, &amp;amp; aliis intermediis; per puncta vero Meridiani DE divisi ducantur rectæ vel Parallelæ prædictis extremis Parallelis FG, &amp;amp; HI, vel curvæ; &amp;amp; loca inscribantur ut dictum in præcedentibus, ubi nimirum lineæ longitudi nis ac latitudinis quorum libet locorum sese intersecant.&lt;br/&gt;''Alii aliter procedunt.''

Eodem prorsus modo delineantur Mappæ particularium regionum majorum, ut Hispaniæ, Galliæ, Germaniæ, Poloniæ, similiumque tam Europæ, quam Asiæ, Africæ, Americæ etc. provinciarum.

In minoribus adhuc Provinciis describendis, ut sunt Franconia, Alsatia, Thuscia etc: sine ullo scrupulo sit divisio Meridianorum &amp;amp; Parallelorum in partes æquales.

{{c|
{{larger|Annotatio.}}
}}

{{dropinitial|Q}}''Va ratione describenda sit regio aliqua per Pantometrum nostrum, docuimus supra lib. 6. par. 7. Idem fieri potest per alia Instrumenta. Aliqui id faciunt per angulos positionis; quorum modus operandi passim reperitur.''
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      <text bytes="3704" sha1="imcy39irszrma3klw2mceopx9ipkhwg" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;2&quot; user=&quot;Sjgallagher2&quot; /&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;latitudinis. Eodem modo proceditur in aliis exemplis. Hac methodo composita est sequens tabella. Prima columna continet gradus Meridiani Primi, seu latitudinum, secunda columna particulas cuilibet gradui debitas, posito uno gradu Æquatoris diviso in 100. particulas.

{{left sidenote|''Tabula geographica pro delineandis Mappis.''}}Tabula pro delineatione Mapparum Geographicarum universalium.
{{hic est tabula}}

Ultra gradum 80 latitudinis fit enorme augmentum, ideo non proceditur ulterius, sed regiones utrique polo propinquæ proponuntur in duobus hemisphæriis modo dicto in Problemate 1. Per Mappas hoc artificio confectas putant inveniri vere lineam nauticam seurhombum ab uno loco ad alium; dequa re postea.

''Omitto alios modos delineandi Mappas universales, qualis est quem tradit Ptolomæus lib. 1. Geograph. cap. ult. &amp;amp; alius quo quilibet datus in Terraqueo globo locus obtinere potest centrum seu medium Mappæ.''

{{c|
{{xx-larger|CAPUT V.}} &lt;br/&gt;
''De Repræsentatione Partium Terraquei globi in Mappis particularibus.''
}}

{{dropinitial|P}}Artes {{left sidenote|''Mappas particulares conficere.''}}Terraquei globi in Mappis repræsentandæ, sunt vel magnæ, ut Europa, Asia, Africa, America, Terra Borealis, Terra Australis; vel parvæ, ut Germania, Franconia etc. Terra Borealis &amp;amp; Australis commodissime exhibentur Probl. 1. capitis præcedentis. America in uno hemisphærio. per Probl. 2. Asia &amp;amp; Africa, per quæ transit Æquator, per Probl. 3. Europa servatâ proportione Parallelorum ad Æquatorem ut sequitur.

{{''Europam delineare.'' Vide Iconismi VII Fig. 358.}}Sit itaque delineanda Europa. I. Inquiratur quæ sit longitudo &amp;amp; latitudo totius Europaæ; item quæ sit longitudo extremarum partium occidentalium &amp;amp; orientalium, quæ item latitudo extremarum borealium autaustralium. II. Ducta recta D Eper medium Mappæ futuræ, quæ repræsentet meridianum medium inter duos extremos versus Occidentem &amp;amp; Orientem (expedit autem pro tali Meridiano eligere eum qui a primo Meridiano distet numero graduum qui per 10, aut 5. dividatur adæquate) dividatur in tot partes æquales aut inæ quales, quot graduum est latitudo totius regionis. III. Per extrerma puncta D &amp;amp; E prædictæ lineæ ducantur duæ perpendiculares, FG, &amp;amp; HI, quarum illa repræsentet extremum Parallelum australem, hæc borealem. IV. Parallelus FG dividatur in tot partes æquales, quod gradus longitudinis continet Europa. In totidem partes dividatur Parallelus HI, vel æquales prioribus, vel minores secundum illam proportionem, quam habet unus Parallelus ad alterum quoad magnitudinem graduum ad Æquatorem comparatorum. V. Parallelorum FG, &amp;amp; HI puncta divisionum correspondentia connectantur lineis rectis HF, IG, &amp;amp; aliis intermediis; per puncta vero Meridiani DE divisi ducantur rectæ vel Parallelæ prædictis extremis Parallelis FG, &amp;amp; HI, vel curvæ; &amp;amp; loca inscribantur ut dictum in præcedentibus, ubi nimirum lineæ longitudi nis ac latitudinis quorum libet locorum sese intersecant.&lt;br/&gt;''Alii aliter procedunt.''

Eodem prorsus modo delineantur Mappæ particularium regionum majorum, ut Hispaniæ, Galliæ, Germaniæ, Poloniæ, similiumque tam Europæ, quam Asiæ, Africæ, Americæ etc. provinciarum.

In minoribus adhuc Provinciis describendis, ut sunt Franconia, Alsatia, Thuscia etc: sine ullo scrupulo sit divisio Meridianorum &amp;amp; Parallelorum in partes æquales.

{{c|
{{larger|Annotatio.}}
}}

{{dropinitial|Q}}''Va ratione describenda sit regio aliqua per Pantometrum nostrum, docuimus supra lib. 6. par. 7. Idem fieri potest per alia Instrumenta. Aliqui id faciunt per angulos positionis; quorum modus operandi passim reperitur.''
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      <text bytes="3718" sha1="akd3mjm5rl8wyrg5n51do4ungb9defr" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;2&quot; user=&quot;Sjgallagher2&quot; /&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;latitudinis. Eodem modo proceditur in aliis exemplis. Hac methodo composita est sequens tabella. Prima columna continet gradus Meridiani Primi, seu latitudinum, secunda columna particulas cuilibet gradui debitas, posito uno gradu Æquatoris diviso in 100. particulas.

{{left sidenote|''Tabula geographica pro delineandis Mappis.''}}Tabula pro delineatione Mapparum Geographicarum universalium.
{{hic est tabula}}

Ultra gradum 80 latitudinis fit enorme augmentum, ideo non proceditur ulterius, sed regiones utrique polo propinquæ proponuntur in duobus hemisphæriis modo dicto in Problemate 1. Per Mappas hoc artificio confectas putant inveniri vere lineam nauticam seurhombum ab uno loco ad alium; dequa re postea.

''Omitto alios modos delineandi Mappas universales, qualis est quem tradit Ptolomæus lib. 1. Geograph. cap. ult. &amp;amp; alius quo quilibet datus in Terraqueo globo locus obtinere potest centrum seu medium Mappæ.''

{{c|
{{xx-larger|CAPUT V.}} &lt;br/&gt;
''De Repræsentatione Partium Terraquei globi in Mappis particularibus.''
}}

{{dropinitial|P}}Artes {{left sidenote|''Mappas particulares conficere.''}}Terraquei globi in Mappis repræsentandæ, sunt vel magnæ, ut Europa, Asia, Africa, America, Terra Borealis, Terra Australis; vel parvæ, ut Germania, Franconia etc. Terra Borealis &amp;amp; Australis commodissime exhibentur Probl. 1. capitis præcedentis. America in uno hemisphærio. per Probl. 2. Asia &amp;amp; Africa, per quæ transit Æquator, per Probl. 3. Europa servatâ proportione Parallelorum ad Æquatorem ut sequitur.

{{left sidenote|''Europam delineare.'' Vide Iconismi VII Fig. 358.}}Sit itaque delineanda Europa. I. Inquiratur quæ sit longitudo &amp;amp; latitudo totius Europaæ; item quæ sit longitudo extremarum partium occidentalium &amp;amp; orientalium, quæ item latitudo extremarum borealium autaustralium. II. Ducta recta D Eper medium Mappæ futuræ, quæ repræsentet meridianum medium inter duos extremos versus Occidentem &amp;amp; Orientem (expedit autem pro tali Meridiano eligere eum qui a primo Meridiano distet numero graduum qui per 10, aut 5. dividatur adæquate) dividatur in tot partes æquales aut inæ quales, quot graduum est latitudo totius regionis. III. Per extrerma puncta D &amp;amp; E prædictæ lineæ ducantur duæ perpendiculares, FG, &amp;amp; HI, quarum illa repræsentet extremum Parallelum australem, hæc borealem. IV. Parallelus FG dividatur in tot partes æquales, quod gradus longitudinis continet Europa. In totidem partes dividatur Parallelus HI, vel æquales prioribus, vel minores secundum illam proportionem, quam habet unus Parallelus ad alterum quoad magnitudinem graduum ad Æquatorem comparatorum. V. Parallelorum FG, &amp;amp; HI puncta divisionum correspondentia connectantur lineis rectis HF, IG, &amp;amp; aliis intermediis; per puncta vero Meridiani DE divisi ducantur rectæ vel Parallelæ prædictis extremis Parallelis FG, &amp;amp; HI, vel curvæ; &amp;amp; loca inscribantur ut dictum in præcedentibus, ubi nimirum lineæ longitudi nis ac latitudinis quorum libet locorum sese intersecant.&lt;br/&gt;''Alii aliter procedunt.''

Eodem prorsus modo delineantur Mappæ particularium regionum majorum, ut Hispaniæ, Galliæ, Germaniæ, Poloniæ, similiumque tam Europæ, quam Asiæ, Africæ, Americæ etc. provinciarum.

In minoribus adhuc Provinciis describendis, ut sunt Franconia, Alsatia, Thuscia etc: sine ullo scrupulo sit divisio Meridianorum &amp;amp; Parallelorum in partes æquales.

{{c|
{{larger|Annotatio.}}
}}

{{dropinitial|Q}}''Va ratione describenda sit regio aliqua per Pantometrum nostrum, docuimus supra lib. 6. par. 7. Idem fieri potest per alia Instrumenta. Aliqui id faciunt per angulos positionis; quorum modus operandi passim reperitur.''
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      <comment>Add basic table</comment>
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      <text bytes="5007" sha1="rto2y376ao77a832e6y70zta9a1my0w" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;2&quot; user=&quot;Sjgallagher2&quot; /&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;latitudinis. Eodem modo proceditur in aliis exemplis. Hac methodo composita est sequens tabella. Prima columna continet gradus Meridiani Primi, seu latitudinum, secunda columna particulas cuilibet gradui debitas, posito uno gradu Æquatoris diviso in 100. particulas.

{{left sidenote|''Tabula geographica pro delineandis Mappis.''}}Tabula pro delineatione Mapparum Geographicarum universalium.

{| align=center
| Grad.
| Partes
| Grad.
| Partes
| Grad.
| Partes
| Grad.
| Partes
|-
| 1 || 100 || 22 || 2246 || 43 || 4772 || 64 || 8399
|-
| 2 || 200 || 23 || 2364 || 44 || 4909 || 65 || 8631
|-
| 3 || 300 || 24 || 2473 || 45 || 5053 || 66 || 8872
|-
| 4 || 400⅓ || 25 || 2583 || 46 || 5193 || 67 || 9023
|-
| 5 || 500⅔ || 26 || 2694 || 47 || 5338 || 68 || 9384
|-
| 6 || 601 || 27 || 2806 || 48 || 5486 || 69 || 9691
|-
| 7 || 702 || 28 || 2818 || 49 || 5637 || 70 || 9943
|-
| 8 || 802 || 29 || 3032 || 50 || 5791 || 71 || 10243
|-
| 9 || 903 || 30 || 3147 || 51 || 5981 || 72 || 10558
|-
| 10 || 1005 || 31 || 3263 || 52 || 6109 || 73 || 10900
|-
| 11 || 1107 || 32 || 3374 || 53 || 6274 || 74 || 11243
|-
| 12 || 1209 || 33 || 3499 || 54 || 6441 || 75 || 11617
|-
| 13 || 1311 || 34 || 3619 || 55 || 6611 || 76 || 12017
|-
| 14 || 1414 || 35 || 3740 || 56 || 6790 || 77 || 12445
|-
| 15 || 1517 || 36 || 3863 || 57 || 6970 || 78 || 12908
|-
| 16 || 1621 || 37 || 3988 || 58 || 7177 || 79 || 13409
|-
| 17 || 1725 || 38 || 4114 || 59 || 7349 || 80 || 13960
|-
| 18 || 1830 || 39 || 4241 || 60 || 7546 || 81 || 14565
|-
| 19 || 1936 || 40 || 4371 || 61 || 7749 || 82 || 15234
|-
| 20 || 2042 || 41 || 4502 || 62 || 7960 || 83 || 16009
|-
| 21 || 2150 || 42 || 4636 || 63 || 8175 || 84 || 16780
|}

Ultra gradum 80 latitudinis fit enorme augmentum, ideo non proceditur ulterius, sed regiones utrique polo propinquæ proponuntur in duobus hemisphæriis modo dicto in Problemate 1. Per Mappas hoc artificio confectas putant inveniri vere lineam nauticam seurhombum ab uno loco ad alium; dequa re postea.

''Omitto alios modos delineandi Mappas universales, qualis est quem tradit Ptolomæus lib. 1. Geograph. cap. ult. &amp;amp; alius quo quilibet datus in Terraqueo globo locus obtinere potest centrum seu medium Mappæ.''

{{c|
{{xx-larger|CAPUT V.}} &lt;br/&gt;
''De Repræsentatione Partium Terraquei globi in Mappis particularibus.''
}}

{{dropinitial|P}}Artes {{left sidenote|''Mappas particulares conficere.''}}Terraquei globi in Mappis repræsentandæ, sunt vel magnæ, ut Europa, Asia, Africa, America, Terra Borealis, Terra Australis; vel parvæ, ut Germania, Franconia etc. Terra Borealis &amp;amp; Australis commodissime exhibentur Probl. 1. capitis præcedentis. America in uno hemisphærio. per Probl. 2. Asia &amp;amp; Africa, per quæ transit Æquator, per Probl. 3. Europa servatâ proportione Parallelorum ad Æquatorem ut sequitur.

{{left sidenote|''Europam delineare.'' Vide Iconismi VII Fig. 358.}}Sit itaque delineanda Europa. I. Inquiratur quæ sit longitudo &amp;amp; latitudo totius Europaæ; item quæ sit longitudo extremarum partium occidentalium &amp;amp; orientalium, quæ item latitudo extremarum borealium autaustralium. II. Ducta recta D Eper medium Mappæ futuræ, quæ repræsentet meridianum medium inter duos extremos versus Occidentem &amp;amp; Orientem (expedit autem pro tali Meridiano eligere eum qui a primo Meridiano distet numero graduum qui per 10, aut 5. dividatur adæquate) dividatur in tot partes æquales aut inæ quales, quot graduum est latitudo totius regionis. III. Per extrerma puncta D &amp;amp; E prædictæ lineæ ducantur duæ perpendiculares, FG, &amp;amp; HI, quarum illa repræsentet extremum Parallelum australem, hæc borealem. IV. Parallelus FG dividatur in tot partes æquales, quod gradus longitudinis continet Europa. In totidem partes dividatur Parallelus HI, vel æquales prioribus, vel minores secundum illam proportionem, quam habet unus Parallelus ad alterum quoad magnitudinem graduum ad Æquatorem comparatorum. V. Parallelorum FG, &amp;amp; HI puncta divisionum correspondentia connectantur lineis rectis HF, IG, &amp;amp; aliis intermediis; per puncta vero Meridiani DE divisi ducantur rectæ vel Parallelæ prædictis extremis Parallelis FG, &amp;amp; HI, vel curvæ; &amp;amp; loca inscribantur ut dictum in præcedentibus, ubi nimirum lineæ longitudi nis ac latitudinis quorum libet locorum sese intersecant.&lt;br/&gt;''Alii aliter procedunt.''

Eodem prorsus modo delineantur Mappæ particularium regionum majorum, ut Hispaniæ, Galliæ, Germaniæ, Poloniæ, similiumque tam Europæ, quam Asiæ, Africæ, Americæ etc. provinciarum.

In minoribus adhuc Provinciis describendis, ut sunt Franconia, Alsatia, Thuscia etc: sine ullo scrupulo sit divisio Meridianorum &amp;amp; Parallelorum in partes æquales.

{{c|
{{larger|Annotatio.}}
}}

{{dropinitial|Q}}''Va ratione describenda sit regio aliqua per Pantometrum nostrum, docuimus supra lib. 6. par. 7. Idem fieri potest per alia Instrumenta. Aliqui id faciunt per angulos positionis; quorum modus operandi passim reperitur.''
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      <sha1>rto2y376ao77a832e6y70zta9a1my0w</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>285669</id>
      <parentid>285666</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-26T20:07:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sjgallagher2</username>
        <id>29663</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Emendata */</comment>
      <origin>285669</origin>
      <model>proofread-page</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12736" sha1="mzuxx0z05ciltdk2nlidypi8vkk9ztt" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;3&quot; user=&quot;Sjgallagher2&quot; /&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;latitudinis. Eodem modo proceditur in aliis exemplis. Hac methodo composita est sequens tabella. Prima columna continet gradus Meridiani Primi, seu latitudinum, secunda columna particulas cuilibet gradui debitas, posito uno gradu Æquatoris diviso in 100. particulas.

{{left sidenote|''Tabula geographica pro delineandis Mappis.''}}Tabula pro delineatione Mapparum Geographicarum universalium.

{| align=center cellpadding=5px style=&quot;border-spacing:0px;border-collapse:collapse;&quot;
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-top:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | Grad.
| style=&quot;border-top:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black;&quot; | Partes
| style=&quot;border-top:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | Grad.
| style=&quot;border-top:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black;&quot; | Partes
| style=&quot;border-top:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | Grad.
| style=&quot;border-top:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black;&quot; | Partes
| style=&quot;border-top:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | Grad.
| style=&quot;border-top:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | Partes
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 1 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 100 
| 22 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 2246 
| 43 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 4772 
| 64 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 8399
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 2 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 200 
| 23 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 2364 
| 44 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 4909 
| 65 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 8631
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 3 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 300 
| 24 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 2473 
| 45 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 5053 
| 66 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 8872
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 4 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 400⅓ 
| 25 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 2583 
| 46 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 5193 
| 67 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 9023
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 5 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 500⅔ 
| 26 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 2694 
| 47 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 5338 
| 68 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 9384
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 6 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 601 
| 27 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 2806 
| 48 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 5486 
| 69 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 9691
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 7 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 702 
| 28 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 2818 
| 49 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 5637 
| 70 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 9943
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 8 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 802 
| 29 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 3032 
| 50 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 5791 
| 71 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 10243
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 9 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 903 
| 30 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 3147 
| 51 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 5981 
| 72 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 10558
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 10 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 1005 
| 31 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 3263 
| 52 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 6109 
| 73 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 10900
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 11 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 1107 
| 32 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 3374 
| 53 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 6274 
| 74 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 11243
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 12 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 1209 
| 33 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 3499 
| 54 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 6441 
| 75 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 11617
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 13 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 1311 
| 34 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 3619 
| 55 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 6611 
| 76 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 12017
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 14 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 1414 
| 35 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 3740 
| 56 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 6790 
| 77 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 12445
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 15 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 1517 
| 36 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 3863 
| 57 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 6970 
| 78 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 12908
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 16 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 1621 
| 37 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 3988 
| 58 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 7177 
| 79 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 13409
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 17 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 1725 
| 38 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 4114 
| 59 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 7349 
| 80 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 13960
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 18 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 1830 
| 39 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 4241 
| 60 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 7546 
| 81 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 14565
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 19 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 1936 
| 40 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 4371 
| 61 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 7749 
| 82 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 15234
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 20 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 2042 
| 41 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 4502 
| 62 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 7960 
| 83 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 16009
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 21 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 2150 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;&quot; | 42 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 4636 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;&quot; | 63 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 8175 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;&quot; | 84 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 16780
|}

Ultra gradum 80 latitudinis fit enorme augmentum, ideo non proceditur ulterius, sed regiones utrique polo propinquæ proponuntur in duobus hemisphæriis modo dicto in Problemate 1. Per Mappas hoc artificio confectas putant inveniri vere lineam nauticam seurhombum ab uno loco ad alium; dequa re postea.

''Omitto alios modos delineandi Mappas universales, qualis est quem tradit Ptolomæus lib. 1. Geograph. cap. ult. &amp;amp; alius quo quilibet datus in Terraqueo globo locus obtinere potest centrum seu medium Mappæ.''

{{c|
{{xx-larger|CAPUT V.}} &lt;br/&gt;
''De Repræsentatione Partium Terraquei globi in Mappis particularibus.''
}}

{{dropinitial|P}}Artes {{left sidenote|''Mappas particulares conficere.''}}Terraquei globi in Mappis repræsentandæ, sunt vel magnæ, ut Europa, Asia, Africa, America, Terra Borealis, Terra Australis; vel parvæ, ut Germania, Franconia etc. Terra Borealis &amp;amp; Australis commodissime exhibentur Probl. 1. capitis præcedentis. America in uno hemisphærio. per Probl. 2. Asia &amp;amp; Africa, per quæ transit Æquator, per Probl. 3. Europa servatâ proportione Parallelorum ad Æquatorem ut sequitur.

{{left sidenote|''Europam delineare.'' Vide Iconismi VII Fig. 358.}}Sit itaque delineanda Europa. I. Inquiratur quæ sit longitudo &amp;amp; latitudo totius Europaæ; item quæ sit longitudo extremarum partium occidentalium &amp;amp; orientalium, quæ item latitudo extremarum borealium autaustralium. II. Ducta recta D Eper medium Mappæ futuræ, quæ repræsentet meridianum medium inter duos extremos versus Occidentem &amp;amp; Orientem (expedit autem pro tali Meridiano eligere eum qui a primo Meridiano distet numero graduum qui per 10, aut 5. dividatur adæquate) dividatur in tot partes æquales aut inæ quales, quot graduum est latitudo totius regionis. III. Per extrerma puncta D &amp;amp; E prædictæ lineæ ducantur duæ perpendiculares, FG, &amp;amp; HI, quarum illa repræsentet extremum Parallelum australem, hæc borealem. IV. Parallelus FG dividatur in tot partes æquales, quod gradus longitudinis continet Europa. In totidem partes dividatur Parallelus HI, vel æquales prioribus, vel minores secundum illam proportionem, quam habet unus Parallelus ad alterum quoad magnitudinem graduum ad Æquatorem comparatorum. V. Parallelorum FG, &amp;amp; HI puncta divisionum correspondentia connectantur lineis rectis HF, IG, &amp;amp; aliis intermediis; per puncta vero Meridiani DE divisi ducantur rectæ vel Parallelæ prædictis extremis Parallelis FG, &amp;amp; HI, vel curvæ; &amp;amp; loca inscribantur ut dictum in præcedentibus, ubi nimirum lineæ longitudi nis ac latitudinis quorum libet locorum sese intersecant.&lt;br/&gt;''Alii aliter procedunt.''

Eodem prorsus modo delineantur Mappæ particularium regionum majorum, ut Hispaniæ, Galliæ, Germaniæ, Poloniæ, similiumque tam Europæ, quam Asiæ, Africæ, Americæ etc. provinciarum.

In minoribus adhuc Provinciis describendis, ut sunt Franconia, Alsatia, Thuscia etc: sine ullo scrupulo sit divisio Meridianorum &amp;amp; Parallelorum in partes æquales.

{{c|
{{larger|Annotatio.}}
}}

{{dropinitial|Q}}''Va ratione describenda sit regio aliqua per Pantometrum nostrum, docuimus supra lib. 6. par. 7. Idem fieri potest per alia Instrumenta. Aliqui id faciunt per angulos positionis; quorum modus operandi passim reperitur.''
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>285670</id>
      <parentid>285669</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-26T20:10:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sjgallagher2</username>
        <id>29663</id>
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      <text bytes="13555" sha1="btxycx3cnl9nwvi57m6m32prsmbkgiy" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;3&quot; user=&quot;Sjgallagher2&quot; /&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;latitudinis. Eodem modo proceditur in aliis exemplis. Hac methodo composita est sequens tabella. Prima columna continet gradus Meridiani Primi, seu latitudinum, secunda columna particulas cuilibet gradui debitas, posito uno gradu Æquatoris diviso in 100. particulas.

{{left sidenote|''Tabula geographica pro delineandis Mappis.''}}Tabula pro delineatione Mapparum Geographicarum universalium.

{| align=center cellpadding=5px style=&quot;border-spacing:0px;border-collapse:collapse;&quot;
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-top:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | Grad.
| style=&quot;border-top:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black;&quot; | Partes
| style=&quot;border-top:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | Grad.
| style=&quot;border-top:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black;&quot; | Partes
| style=&quot;border-top:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | Grad.
| style=&quot;border-top:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black;&quot; | Partes
| style=&quot;border-top:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | Grad.
| style=&quot;border-top:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | Partes
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 1 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 100 
| 22 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 2246 
| 43 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 4772 
| 64 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 8399
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 2 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 200 
| 23 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 2364 
| 44 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 4909 
| 65 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 8631
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 3 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 300 
| 24 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 2473 
| 45 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 5053 
| 66 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 8872
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 4 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 400⅓ 
| 25 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 2583 
| 46 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 5193 
| 67 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 9023
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 5 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 500⅔ 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;&quot; | 26 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 2694 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;&quot; | 47 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 5338 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;&quot; | 68 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 9384
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 6 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 601 
| 27 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 2806 
| 48 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 5486 
| 69 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 9691
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 7 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 702 
| 28 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 2818 
| 49 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 5637 
| 70 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 9943
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 8 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 802 
| 29 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 3032 
| 50 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 5791 
| 71 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 10243
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 9 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 903 
| 30 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 3147 
| 51 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 5981 
| 72 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 10558
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 10 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 1005 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;&quot; | 31 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 3263 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;&quot; | 52 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 6109 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;&quot; | 73 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 10900
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 11 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 1107 
| 32 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 3374 
| 53 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 6274 
| 74 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 11243
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 12 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 1209 
| 33 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 3499 
| 54 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 6441 
| 75 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 11617
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 13 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 1311 
| 34 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 3619 
| 55 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 6611 
| 76 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 12017
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 14 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 1414 
| 35 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 3740 
| 56 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 6790 
| 77 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 12445
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 15 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 1517 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;&quot; | 36 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 3863 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;&quot; | 57 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 6970 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;&quot; | 78 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 12908
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 16 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 1621 
| 37 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 3988 
| 58 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 7177 
| 79 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 13409
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 17 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 1725 
| 38 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 4114 
| 59 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 7349 
| 80 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 13960
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 18 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 1830 
| 39 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 4241 
| 60 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 7546 
| 81 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 14565
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 19 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 1936 
| 40 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 4371 
| 61 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 7749 
| 82 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 15234
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 20 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 2042 
| 41 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 4502 
| 62 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 7960 
| 83 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 16009
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 21 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 2150 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;&quot; | 42 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 4636 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;&quot; | 63 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 8175 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;&quot; | 84 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 16780
|}

Ultra gradum 80 latitudinis fit enorme augmentum, ideo non proceditur ulterius, sed regiones utrique polo propinquæ proponuntur in duobus hemisphæriis modo dicto in Problemate 1. Per Mappas hoc artificio confectas putant inveniri vere lineam nauticam seurhombum ab uno loco ad alium; dequa re postea.

''Omitto alios modos delineandi Mappas universales, qualis est quem tradit Ptolomæus lib. 1. Geograph. cap. ult. &amp;amp; alius quo quilibet datus in Terraqueo globo locus obtinere potest centrum seu medium Mappæ.''

{{c|
{{xx-larger|CAPUT V.}} &lt;br/&gt;
''De Repræsentatione Partium Terraquei globi in Mappis particularibus.''
}}

{{dropinitial|P}}Artes {{left sidenote|''Mappas particulares conficere.''}}Terraquei globi in Mappis repræsentandæ, sunt vel magnæ, ut Europa, Asia, Africa, America, Terra Borealis, Terra Australis; vel parvæ, ut Germania, Franconia etc. Terra Borealis &amp;amp; Australis commodissime exhibentur Probl. 1. capitis præcedentis. America in uno hemisphærio. per Probl. 2. Asia &amp;amp; Africa, per quæ transit Æquator, per Probl. 3. Europa servatâ proportione Parallelorum ad Æquatorem ut sequitur.

{{left sidenote|''Europam delineare.'' Vide Iconismi VII Fig. 358.}}Sit itaque delineanda Europa. I. Inquiratur quæ sit longitudo &amp;amp; latitudo totius Europaæ; item quæ sit longitudo extremarum partium occidentalium &amp;amp; orientalium, quæ item latitudo extremarum borealium autaustralium. II. Ducta recta D Eper medium Mappæ futuræ, quæ repræsentet meridianum medium inter duos extremos versus Occidentem &amp;amp; Orientem (expedit autem pro tali Meridiano eligere eum qui a primo Meridiano distet numero graduum qui per 10, aut 5. dividatur adæquate) dividatur in tot partes æquales aut inæ quales, quot graduum est latitudo totius regionis. III. Per extrerma puncta D &amp;amp; E prædictæ lineæ ducantur duæ perpendiculares, FG, &amp;amp; HI, quarum illa repræsentet extremum Parallelum australem, hæc borealem. IV. Parallelus FG dividatur in tot partes æquales, quod gradus longitudinis continet Europa. In totidem partes dividatur Parallelus HI, vel æquales prioribus, vel minores secundum illam proportionem, quam habet unus Parallelus ad alterum quoad magnitudinem graduum ad Æquatorem comparatorum. V. Parallelorum FG, &amp;amp; HI puncta divisionum correspondentia connectantur lineis rectis HF, IG, &amp;amp; aliis intermediis; per puncta vero Meridiani DE divisi ducantur rectæ vel Parallelæ prædictis extremis Parallelis FG, &amp;amp; HI, vel curvæ; &amp;amp; loca inscribantur ut dictum in præcedentibus, ubi nimirum lineæ longitudi nis ac latitudinis quorum libet locorum sese intersecant.&lt;br/&gt;''Alii aliter procedunt.''

Eodem prorsus modo delineantur Mappæ particularium regionum majorum, ut Hispaniæ, Galliæ, Germaniæ, Poloniæ, similiumque tam Europæ, quam Asiæ, Africæ, Americæ etc. provinciarum.

In minoribus adhuc Provinciis describendis, ut sunt Franconia, Alsatia, Thuscia etc: sine ullo scrupulo sit divisio Meridianorum &amp;amp; Parallelorum in partes æquales.

{{c|
{{larger|Annotatio.}}
}}

{{dropinitial|Q}}''Va ratione describenda sit regio aliqua per Pantometrum nostrum, docuimus supra lib. 6. par. 7. Idem fieri potest per alia Instrumenta. Aliqui id faciunt per angulos positionis; quorum modus operandi passim reperitur.''
{{nop}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>btxycx3cnl9nwvi57m6m32prsmbkgiy</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>285671</id>
      <parentid>285670</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-26T20:13:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sjgallagher2</username>
        <id>29663</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>285671</origin>
      <model>proofread-page</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="13555" sha1="7ec8slitmux16e0xtglxxcc9h649t9b" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;3&quot; user=&quot;Sjgallagher2&quot; /&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;latitudinis. Eodem modo proceditur in aliis exemplis. Hac methodo composita est sequens tabella. Prima columna continet gradus Meridiani Primi, seu latitudinum, secunda columna particulas cuilibet gradui debitas, posito uno gradu Æquatoris diviso in 100. particulas.

{{left sidenote|''Tabula geographica pro delineandis Mappis.''}}Tabula pro delineatione Mapparum Geographicarum universalium.

{| align=center cellpadding=5px style=&quot;border-spacing:0px;border-collapse:collapse;&quot;
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-top:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | Grad.
| style=&quot;border-top:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black;&quot; | Partes
| style=&quot;border-top:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | Grad.
| style=&quot;border-top:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black;&quot; | Partes
| style=&quot;border-top:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | Grad.
| style=&quot;border-top:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black;&quot; | Partes
| style=&quot;border-top:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | Grad.
| style=&quot;border-top:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | Partes
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 1 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 100 
| 22 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 2256 
| 43 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 4772 
| 64 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 8399
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 2 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 200 
| 23 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 2364 
| 44 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 4909 
| 65 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 8631
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 3 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 300 
| 24 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 2473 
| 45 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 5053 
| 66 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 8872
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 4 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 400⅓ 
| 25 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 2583 
| 46 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 5193 
| 67 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 9023
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 5 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 500⅔ 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;&quot; | 26 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 2694 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;&quot; | 47 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 5338 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;&quot; | 68 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 9384
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 6 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 601 
| 27 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 2806 
| 48 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 5486 
| 69 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 9691
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 7 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 702 
| 28 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 2818 
| 49 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 5637 
| 70 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 9943
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 8 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 802 
| 29 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 3032 
| 50 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 5791 
| 71 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 10243
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 9 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 903 
| 30 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 3147 
| 51 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 5981 
| 72 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 10558
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 10 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 1005 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;&quot; | 31 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 3263 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;&quot; | 52 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 6109 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;&quot; | 73 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 10900
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 11 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 1107 
| 32 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 3374 
| 53 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 6274 
| 74 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 11243
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 12 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 1209 
| 33 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 3499 
| 54 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 6441 
| 75 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 11617
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 13 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 1311 
| 34 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 3619 
| 55 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 6611 
| 76 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 12017
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 14 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 1414 
| 35 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 3740 
| 56 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 6790 
| 77 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 12445
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 15 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 1517 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;&quot; | 36 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 3863 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;&quot; | 57 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 6970 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;&quot; | 78 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 12908
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 16 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 1621 
| 37 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 3988 
| 58 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 7177 
| 79 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 13409
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 17 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 1725 
| 38 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 4114 
| 59 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 7349 
| 80 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 13960
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 18 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 1830 
| 39 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 4241 
| 60 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 7546 
| 81 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 14565
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 19 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 1936 
| 40 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 4371 
| 61 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 7749 
| 82 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 15234
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 20 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 2042 
| 41 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 4502 
| 62 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 7960 
| 83 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 16009
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 21 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 2150 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;&quot; | 42 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 4636 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;&quot; | 63 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 8175 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;&quot; | 84 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 16780
|}

Ultra gradum 80 latitudinis fit enorme augmentum, ideo non proceditur ulterius, sed regiones utrique polo propinquæ proponuntur in duobus hemisphæriis modo dicto in Problemate 1. Per Mappas hoc artificio confectas putant inveniri vere lineam nauticam seurhombum ab uno loco ad alium; dequa re postea.

''Omitto alios modos delineandi Mappas universales, qualis est quem tradit Ptolomæus lib. 1. Geograph. cap. ult. &amp;amp; alius quo quilibet datus in Terraqueo globo locus obtinere potest centrum seu medium Mappæ.''

{{c|
{{xx-larger|CAPUT V.}} &lt;br/&gt;
''De Repræsentatione Partium Terraquei globi in Mappis particularibus.''
}}

{{dropinitial|P}}Artes {{left sidenote|''Mappas particulares conficere.''}}Terraquei globi in Mappis repræsentandæ, sunt vel magnæ, ut Europa, Asia, Africa, America, Terra Borealis, Terra Australis; vel parvæ, ut Germania, Franconia etc. Terra Borealis &amp;amp; Australis commodissime exhibentur Probl. 1. capitis præcedentis. America in uno hemisphærio. per Probl. 2. Asia &amp;amp; Africa, per quæ transit Æquator, per Probl. 3. Europa servatâ proportione Parallelorum ad Æquatorem ut sequitur.

{{left sidenote|''Europam delineare.'' Vide Iconismi VII Fig. 358.}}Sit itaque delineanda Europa. I. Inquiratur quæ sit longitudo &amp;amp; latitudo totius Europaæ; item quæ sit longitudo extremarum partium occidentalium &amp;amp; orientalium, quæ item latitudo extremarum borealium autaustralium. II. Ducta recta D Eper medium Mappæ futuræ, quæ repræsentet meridianum medium inter duos extremos versus Occidentem &amp;amp; Orientem (expedit autem pro tali Meridiano eligere eum qui a primo Meridiano distet numero graduum qui per 10, aut 5. dividatur adæquate) dividatur in tot partes æquales aut inæ quales, quot graduum est latitudo totius regionis. III. Per extrerma puncta D &amp;amp; E prædictæ lineæ ducantur duæ perpendiculares, FG, &amp;amp; HI, quarum illa repræsentet extremum Parallelum australem, hæc borealem. IV. Parallelus FG dividatur in tot partes æquales, quod gradus longitudinis continet Europa. In totidem partes dividatur Parallelus HI, vel æquales prioribus, vel minores secundum illam proportionem, quam habet unus Parallelus ad alterum quoad magnitudinem graduum ad Æquatorem comparatorum. V. Parallelorum FG, &amp;amp; HI puncta divisionum correspondentia connectantur lineis rectis HF, IG, &amp;amp; aliis intermediis; per puncta vero Meridiani DE divisi ducantur rectæ vel Parallelæ prædictis extremis Parallelis FG, &amp;amp; HI, vel curvæ; &amp;amp; loca inscribantur ut dictum in præcedentibus, ubi nimirum lineæ longitudi nis ac latitudinis quorum libet locorum sese intersecant.&lt;br/&gt;''Alii aliter procedunt.''

Eodem prorsus modo delineantur Mappæ particularium regionum majorum, ut Hispaniæ, Galliæ, Germaniæ, Poloniæ, similiumque tam Europæ, quam Asiæ, Africæ, Americæ etc. provinciarum.

In minoribus adhuc Provinciis describendis, ut sunt Franconia, Alsatia, Thuscia etc: sine ullo scrupulo sit divisio Meridianorum &amp;amp; Parallelorum in partes æquales.

{{c|
{{larger|Annotatio.}}
}}

{{dropinitial|Q}}''Va ratione describenda sit regio aliqua per Pantometrum nostrum, docuimus supra lib. 6. par. 7. Idem fieri potest per alia Instrumenta. Aliqui id faciunt per angulos positionis; quorum modus operandi passim reperitur.''
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    <revision>
      <id>285672</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-10-26T20:14:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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      <text bytes="13555" sha1="8gx12w9554m29max5guneng9dnh64zg" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;3&quot; user=&quot;Sjgallagher2&quot; /&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;latitudinis. Eodem modo proceditur in aliis exemplis. Hac methodo composita est sequens tabella. Prima columna continet gradus Meridiani Primi, seu latitudinum, secunda columna particulas cuilibet gradui debitas, posito uno gradu Æquatoris diviso in 100. particulas.

{{left sidenote|''Tabula geographica pro delineandis Mappis.''}}Tabula pro delineatione Mapparum Geographicarum universalium.

{| align=center cellpadding=5px style=&quot;border-spacing:0px;border-collapse:collapse;&quot;
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-top:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | Grad.
| style=&quot;border-top:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black;&quot; | Partes
| style=&quot;border-top:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | Grad.
| style=&quot;border-top:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black;&quot; | Partes
| style=&quot;border-top:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | Grad.
| style=&quot;border-top:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black;&quot; | Partes
| style=&quot;border-top:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | Grad.
| style=&quot;border-top:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | Partes
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 1 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 100 
| 22 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 2256 
| 43 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 4772 
| 64 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 8399
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 2 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 200 
| 23 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 2364 
| 44 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 4909 
| 65 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 8631
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 3 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 300 
| 24 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 2473 
| 45 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 5053 
| 66 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 8872
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 4 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 400⅓ 
| 25 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 2583 
| 46 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 5193 
| 67 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 9023
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 5 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 500⅔ 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;&quot; | 26 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 2694 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;&quot; | 47 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 5338 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;&quot; | 68 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 9384
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 6 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 601 
| 27 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 2806 
| 48 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 5486 
| 69 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 9691
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 7 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 702 
| 28 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 2818 
| 49 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 5637 
| 70 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 9943
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 8 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 802 
| 29 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 3032 
| 50 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 5791 
| 71 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 10243
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 9 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 903 
| 30 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 3147 
| 51 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 5981 
| 72 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 10558
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 10 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 1005 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;&quot; | 31 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 3263 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;&quot; | 52 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 6109 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;&quot; | 73 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 10900
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 11 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 1107 
| 32 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 3374 
| 53 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 6274 
| 74 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 11243
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 12 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 1209 
| 33 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 3499 
| 54 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 6441 
| 75 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 11617
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 13 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 1311 
| 34 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 3619 
| 55 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 6611 
| 76 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 12017
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 14 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 1414 
| 35 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 3740 
| 56 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 6790 
| 77 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 12445
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 15 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 1517 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;&quot; | 36 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 3863 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;&quot; | 57 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 6970 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;&quot; | 78 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 12908
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 16 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 1621 
| 37 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 3988 
| 58 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 7157 
| 79 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 13409
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 17 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 1725 
| 38 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 4114 
| 59 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 7349 
| 80 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 13960
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 18 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 1830 
| 39 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 4241 
| 60 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 7546 
| 81 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 14565
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 19 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 1936 
| 40 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 4371 
| 61 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 7749 
| 82 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 15234
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 20 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 2042 
| 41 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 4502 
| 62 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 7960 
| 83 
| style=&quot;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 16009
|- align=center
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;&quot; | 21 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 2150 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;&quot; | 42 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 4636 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;&quot; | 63 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:3px double black&quot; | 8175 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;&quot; | 84 
| style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;&quot; | 16780
|}

Ultra gradum 80 latitudinis fit enorme augmentum, ideo non proceditur ulterius, sed regiones utrique polo propinquæ proponuntur in duobus hemisphæriis modo dicto in Problemate 1. Per Mappas hoc artificio confectas putant inveniri vere lineam nauticam seurhombum ab uno loco ad alium; dequa re postea.

''Omitto alios modos delineandi Mappas universales, qualis est quem tradit Ptolomæus lib. 1. Geograph. cap. ult. &amp;amp; alius quo quilibet datus in Terraqueo globo locus obtinere potest centrum seu medium Mappæ.''

{{c|
{{xx-larger|CAPUT V.}} &lt;br/&gt;
''De Repræsentatione Partium Terraquei globi in Mappis particularibus.''
}}

{{dropinitial|P}}Artes {{left sidenote|''Mappas particulares conficere.''}}Terraquei globi in Mappis repræsentandæ, sunt vel magnæ, ut Europa, Asia, Africa, America, Terra Borealis, Terra Australis; vel parvæ, ut Germania, Franconia etc. Terra Borealis &amp;amp; Australis commodissime exhibentur Probl. 1. capitis præcedentis. America in uno hemisphærio. per Probl. 2. Asia &amp;amp; Africa, per quæ transit Æquator, per Probl. 3. Europa servatâ proportione Parallelorum ad Æquatorem ut sequitur.

{{left sidenote|''Europam delineare.'' Vide Iconismi VII Fig. 358.}}Sit itaque delineanda Europa. I. Inquiratur quæ sit longitudo &amp;amp; latitudo totius Europaæ; item quæ sit longitudo extremarum partium occidentalium &amp;amp; orientalium, quæ item latitudo extremarum borealium autaustralium. II. Ducta recta D Eper medium Mappæ futuræ, quæ repræsentet meridianum medium inter duos extremos versus Occidentem &amp;amp; Orientem (expedit autem pro tali Meridiano eligere eum qui a primo Meridiano distet numero graduum qui per 10, aut 5. dividatur adæquate) dividatur in tot partes æquales aut inæ quales, quot graduum est latitudo totius regionis. III. Per extrerma puncta D &amp;amp; E prædictæ lineæ ducantur duæ perpendiculares, FG, &amp;amp; HI, quarum illa repræsentet extremum Parallelum australem, hæc borealem. IV. Parallelus FG dividatur in tot partes æquales, quod gradus longitudinis continet Europa. In totidem partes dividatur Parallelus HI, vel æquales prioribus, vel minores secundum illam proportionem, quam habet unus Parallelus ad alterum quoad magnitudinem graduum ad Æquatorem comparatorum. V. Parallelorum FG, &amp;amp; HI puncta divisionum correspondentia connectantur lineis rectis HF, IG, &amp;amp; aliis intermediis; per puncta vero Meridiani DE divisi ducantur rectæ vel Parallelæ prædictis extremis Parallelis FG, &amp;amp; HI, vel curvæ; &amp;amp; loca inscribantur ut dictum in præcedentibus, ubi nimirum lineæ longitudi nis ac latitudinis quorum libet locorum sese intersecant.&lt;br/&gt;''Alii aliter procedunt.''

Eodem prorsus modo delineantur Mappæ particularium regionum majorum, ut Hispaniæ, Galliæ, Germaniæ, Poloniæ, similiumque tam Europæ, quam Asiæ, Africæ, Americæ etc. provinciarum.

In minoribus adhuc Provinciis describendis, ut sunt Franconia, Alsatia, Thuscia etc: sine ullo scrupulo sit divisio Meridianorum &amp;amp; Parallelorum in partes æquales.

{{c|
{{larger|Annotatio.}}
}}

{{dropinitial|Q}}''Va ratione describenda sit regio aliqua per Pantometrum nostrum, docuimus supra lib. 6. par. 7. Idem fieri potest per alia Instrumenta. Aliqui id faciunt per angulos positionis; quorum modus operandi passim reperitur.''
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  <page>
    <title>Pagina:Schott Gaspar CursusMathematicus 1677 Bambergae.djvu/502</title>
    <ns>104</ns>
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        <id>29663</id>
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      <comment>/* Emendata */</comment>
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{{larger|Corollarium.}}
}}

{{dropinitial|E}}X dictis hactenus patet, quomodo ex una Mappa jam delineata possit fieri alia aut aequalis, aut major, minorve in quacunque proportione, maxime si rectis tantum lineis constet. Si enim extremos Meridianos et Parallelos Mappae novae futurae dividas aequaliter, aut proportionaliter, ut divisi sunt Meridiani et Paralleli extremi Mappae antiquae, et puncta divisionis correspondentia conjungas lineis rectis, similiterque puncta divisionis Mappae antiquae lineis rectis conjungas; ostendent puncta intersectionum loca delineata in una, delineanda in altera. Idem et commodissime fieri potest Parallelogrammo Proportionli P. Scheineri, de quo alibi.

{{c|
{{xx-larger|CAPUT VI.}} &lt;br/&gt;
''De usu Mapparum Geographicarum.''
}}

{{dropinitial|Q}}Uae in Mappis Geographicis praecipue consideranda sint, patet ex dictis supra. Usus earum consistit fere in sequentibus.

{{left sidenote|''Mapparum Geographicarum usus.''}}I. ''Longitudinem ac latitudinem locorum invenire.'' In tabulis universalibus hemisphaericis Parallelus per locum ductus ostendit latitudinem; Meridianus vero longitudinem. Si ducti non sunt per locum, ducantur lineis coecis ope circini. In Mappis rectilineis, tam universalibus, quam particularibus, extendatur ab extremo Meridiano dextero ad extremum sinistrum regula aut filum, quod per locum transeat, et parallelum sit utrique Parallelo; numerus in margine indicabit loci latitudinem. Si per eundem locum, et per extremos Parallelos extendas regulam aut filum illis perpendicularem, monstrabunt numeri adscripti longitudinem.

II. ''Distantiam locorum invenire in gradibus et milliariis.'' In tabulis parvarum Provinciarum, quae lineis restis ac parallelis constant, distantiam inter duo loca interceptam circino transfer in Parallelum divisum in gradus, et habebis distantiam: hanc converte in milliaria per multiplicationem aut divisionem modo supra dicto, aut applica scalae miliarium, si ea Mappae apposita est; et habebis milliaria. In aliis chartis quae constant lineis rectis et curvis, aut rectis quidem, sed vel non parallelis, vel non aequales distantias habentibus, haec praxis fallit, ideoque procedendum per resolutionem trianguli sphaerici, de quo supra.

III. ''Invenire situm loci respectu Climatum, plagarum Mundi etc'': Procedatur modo dicto in praecedentibus Par. 3.

IV. ''Altitudinem poli cujuslibet loci invenire.'' Quaere latitudinem loci per dicta num. 1. haec enim aequalis est elevationi poli.

V. ''Quantitatem seu amplitudinem regionis invenire.'' Subtrahe longitudinem minimam a maxima, residuum dabit totam longitudinem in gradibus; qui in milliaria convertuntur modo supra dicto. Subtrahe etiam minimam latitudinem a maxima, residuum dabit totam latitudinem in gradibus convertendam in milliaria. Atque haec sufficiant de Geographia.


{{c|
{{xx-larger|APPENDIX.}} &lt;br/&gt;
''De Latitudine ac Longitudine praecipuarum Civitatum Orbis Terrarum.''
}}

{{dropinitial|Q}}Voniam{{right sidenote|''Catalogus latitudinum ac longitudinum praeciparum urbium.''}} in Geographia nostra nullibi apposuimus civitatum latitudines ac longitudines, cum earum tamen cognitio tam in ipsa Geographia, quam in Hydrographia, et Horographia (quae sequuntur) non modo utilis, sed saepe etiam necessaria sit; operae pretium duxi me facturum, si praecipuarum saltem Catalogum, ex probato aliquo Auctore desumptum, haec apponerem. Tres insigniores reperi: unum apud ''Christophorum Clavium'' in comment. ad cap. 2. Sphaerae; cum quo in plerisque consentit ''Bernardas Varenius'' in sua Geographia Generali lib. 3. cap. 31. in fine: alterum apud ''Ioannem Keplerum'' in Tabulis Rudolphinis par. 1. in fine; quem exscripsit ''Petrus Herigonus'' tom. 4. Cursus Mathem. tract. de sphaera Mundi, circa finem: tertium copiosissimum apud ''Robertum Hues'' in fine tract. de usu globorum. Clavius concinnavit suum ut plurimum ex Geographia Ptolomaei, a quo in paucis admodum civitatibus, quarum latitudines ac longitudines ipsi ex aliorum Astronomorum observationibus notae erant, discrepat. Keplerus suum contexuit ex fide observarorum et observationum coelestium, ubi haberi potuerunt; aut ex intervallis itinerariis, Chartisque Geographicis recentissimis. Hues ex Globis Geographicis, quorum usum declarat, suum delumpsisse videtur, uti insinuat initio Catalogi. Monent plerique citatorum Auctorum, neque suis, neque aliorum Tabulis longitudinum ac latitudinum fidem omni ex parte habendam, cum saepe uno aut altero gradu alii ab aliis discrepent. Unde expediret (ut bene monet Clavius) ut quilibet in eo loco in quo est, investigaret longitudinem ac latitudinem modis lib. 9. praescriptis, antequam ad Horologiorum constructionem, aut coelestium phaenomenorum observationes seconferat.

{{right sidenote|''Longitudines locorum valde incertae.}}''Longitudinum incertitudinem ponit ob oculos Lectoris Keplerus unico exemplo, ex media Europa petito. Inter Romam, inquit, et Norimbergam Regiomontani aetate censebant[?] Minuta 36 I. reste Regiomontano in Primo Mobili Probl. 45. Wernerus habet Minuta 32 I. Ex principio tamen Eclipsis anni 1497. die 18. Januarii, utrobique observato, Romae quidem ab ipso W ernero Hora 5. 24 I. Norimbergae a nescio quo Hora 4, 52'. colliguntur Minuta 28 I. Apianus in Astrolabio inter Regiomontanum et Wernerum censuit sibi eligendum medium 34 I. Maestlinus tamen, et Euerhardus, et Origanus Wernerum propius tenent, statuentes 33 I. At Stofflerus in Calendario, non attentâ Werneri observatione, statuit 18 I: quem videtur secutus Apianus posterius in Caesareo, statuens 19 I. Et Maginus medium elegit inter Apiani priorem et Stoffleri traditionem, statuens 26 I. Schonerus in Resoluris habet tantum 12 I; quod observant Mercator et Hondius in Mappis. Stadius in Ephemeridibus habet 13 I. Jansonius in Mappa universali, ad 10 I descendisse videtur. Ipse Keplerus. observationibus Eclipsium Lunae duabus, Romae ha-&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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{{larger|Corollarium.}}
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{{dropinitial|E}}X dictis hactenus patet, quomodo ex una Mappa jam delineata possit fieri alia aut æqualis, aut major, minorve in quacunque proportione, maxime si rectis tantum lineis constet. Si enim extremos Meridianos &amp;amp; Parallelos Mappæ novæ futuræ dividas æqualiter, aut proportionaliter, ut divisi sunt Meridiani &amp;amp; Paralleli extremi Mappæ antiquæ, &amp;amp; puncta divisionis correspondentia conjungas lineis rectis, similiterque puncta divisionis Mappæ antiquæ lineis rectis conjungas; ostendent puncta intersectionum loca delineata in una, delineanda in altera. Idem &amp;amp; commodissime fieri potest Parallelogrammo Proportionli P. Scheineri, de quo alibi.

{{c|
{{xx-larger|CAPUT VI.}} &lt;br/&gt;
''De usu Mapparum Geographicarum.''
}}

{{dropinitial|Q}}Uæ in Mappis Geographicis præcipue consideranda sint, patet ex dictis supra. Usus earum consistit fere in sequentibus.

{{left sidenote|''Mapparum Geographicarum usus.''}}I. ''Longitudinem ac latitudinem locorum invenire.'' In tabulis universalibus hemisphæricis Parallelus per locum ductus ostendit latitudinem; Meridianus vero longitudinem. Si ducti non sunt per locum, ducantur lineis coecis ope circini. In Mappis rectilineis, tam universalibus, quam particularibus, extendatur ab extremo Meridiano dextero ad extremum sinistrum regula aut filum, quod per locum transeat, &amp;amp; parallelum sit utrique Parallelo; numerus in margine indicabit loci latitudinem. Si per eundem locum, &amp;amp; per extremos Parallelos extendas regulam aut filum illis perpendicularem, monstrabunt numeri adscripti longitudinem.

II. ''Distantiam locorum invenire in gradibus &amp;amp; milliariis.'' In tabulis parvarum Provinciarum, quæ lineis restis ac parallelis constant, distantiam inter duo loca interceptam circino transfer in Parallelum divisum in gradus, &amp;amp; habebis distantiam: hanc converte in milliaria per multiplicationem aut divisionem modo supra dicto, aut applica scalæ miliarium, si ea Mappæ apposita est; &amp;amp; habebis milliaria. In aliis chartis quæ constant lineis rectis &amp;amp; curvis, aut rectis quidem, sed vel non parallelis, vel non æquales distantias habentibus, hæc praxis fallit, ideoque procedendum per resolutionem trianguli sphærici, de quo supra.

III. ''Invenire situm loci respectu Climatum, plagarum Mundi &amp;amp;c.'': Procedatur modo dicto in præcedentibus Par. 3.

IV. ''Altitudinem poli cujuslibet loci invenire.'' Quære latitudinem loci per dicta num. 1. hæc enim æqualis est elevationi poli.

V. ''Quantitatem seu amplitudinem regionis invenire.'' Subtrahe longitudinem minimam a maxima, residuum dabit totam longitudinem in gradibus; qui in milliaria convertuntur modo supra dicto. Subtrahe etiam minimam latitudinem a maxima, residuum dabit totam latitudinem in gradibus convertendam in milliaria. Atque hæc sufficiant de Geographia.


{{c|
{{xx-larger|APPENDIX.}} &lt;br/&gt;
''De Latitudine ac Longitudine præcipuarum Civitatum Orbis Terrarum.''
}}

{{dropinitial|Q}}Voniam{{right sidenote|''Catalogus latitudinum ac longitudinum præciparum urbium.''}} in Geographia nostra nullibi apposuimus civitatum latitudines ac longitudines, cum earum tamen cognitio tam in ipsa Geographia, quam in Hydrographia, &amp;amp; Horographia (quæ sequuntur) non modo utilis, sed sæpe etiam necessaria sit; operæ pretium duxi me facturum, si præcipuarum saltem Catalogum, ex probato aliquo Auctore desumptum, hæc apponerem. Tres insigniores reperi: unum apud ''Christophorum Clavium'' in comment. ad cap. 2. Sphæræ; cum quo in plerisque consentit ''Bernardas Varenius'' in sua Geographia Generali lib. 3. cap. 31. in fine: alterum apud ''Ioannem Keplerum'' in Tabulis Rudolphinis par. 1. in fine; quem exscripsit ''Petrus Herigonus'' tom. 4. Cursus Mathem. tract. de sphæra Mundi, circa finem: tertium copiosissimum apud ''Robertum Hues'' in fine tract. de usu globorum. Clavius concinnavit suum ut plurimum ex Geographia Ptolomæi, a quo in paucis admodum civitatibus, quarum latitudines ac longitudines ipsi ex aliorum Astronomorum observationibus notæ erant, discrepat. Keplerus suum contexuit ex fide observarorum &amp;amp; observationum coelestium, ubi haberi potuerunt; aut ex intervallis itinerariis, Chartisque Geographicis recentissimis. Hues ex Globis Geographicis, quorum usum declarat, suum delumpsisse videtur, uti insinuat initio Catalogi. Monent plerique citatorum Auctorum, neque suis, neque aliorum Tabulis longitudinum ac latitudinum fidem omni ex parte habendam, cum sæpe uno aut altero gradu alii ab aliis discrepent. Unde expediret (ut bene monet Clavius) ut quilibet in eo loco in quo est, investigaret longitudinem ac latitudinem modis lib. 9. præscriptis, antequam ad Horologiorum constructionem, aut coelestium phænomenorum observationes seconferat.

{{right sidenote|''Longitudines locorum valde incertæ.}}''Longitudinum incertitudinem ponit ob oculos Lectoris Keplerus unico exemplo, ex media Europa petito. Inter Romam, inquit, &amp;amp; Norimbergam Regiomontani ætate censebant[?] Minuta 36 I. reste Regiomontano in Primo Mobili Probl. 45. Wernerus habet Minuta 32 I. Ex principio tamen Eclipsis anni 1497. die 18. Januarii, utrobique observato, Romæ quidem ab ipso W ernero Hora 5. 24 I. Norimbergæ a nescio quo Hora 4, 52'. colliguntur Minuta 28 I. Apianus in Astrolabio inter Regiomontanum &amp;amp; Wernerum censuit sibi eligendum medium 34 I. Mæstlinus tamen, &amp;amp; Euerhardus, &amp;amp; Origanus Wernerum propius tenent, statuentes 33 I. At Stofflerus in Calendario, non attentâ Werneri observatione, statuit 18 I: quem videtur secutus Apianus posterius in Cæsareo, statuens 19 I. Et Maginus medium elegit inter Apiani priorem &amp;amp; Stoffleri traditionem, statuens 26 I. Schonerus in Resoluris habet tantum 12 I; quod observant Mercator &amp;amp; Hondius in Mappis. Stadius in Ephemeridibus habet 13 I. Jansonius in Mappa universali, ad 10 I descendisse videtur. Ipse Keplerus. observationibus Eclipsium Lunæ duabus, Romæ ha-&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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    <title>Pagina:Schott Gaspar CursusMathematicus 1677 Bambergae.djvu/503</title>
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      <text bytes="1083" sha1="jnxtottik6ixqvnlarlah6i15x7275l" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;2&quot; user=&quot;Sjgallagher2&quot; /&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;section begin=&quot;p1&quot; /&gt;bitis an. 1616, &amp;amp; 1617, quas &amp;amp; ipse observavit Lincii, consensu fidens, Lincium Româ orientalius facit Minutis 10 I; quantum &amp;amp; Uraniburgo, per observationes alias: atque ita Roma &amp;amp; Uranoburgum Keplero sub eundem veniunt Meridianum, qui Norimbergensi non plus quam 4 I Min. est orientalior, eodem teste. Non minus inter se discrepant nonnulli ex citatis supra Auctoribus circa Romanam longitudinem: nam Clavius tribuit ipsi Gr. 36.30'; I. Varenius Gr. 36. 15'; Hues Gr. 42. 30'; Keplerus &amp;amp; Herigonus Gr. 36. 40'. Minor est discrepantia circa urbium latitudines, seu poli elevationes, non tamen omnino nulla.

Ex his patet, quemcunque sequaris Auctorem, non fore te immunem ab erroribus. Nobis placuit Clavii dare Catalogum locis nonnullis auctum ex Varenio; quem tamen corrigere, si certiora occurrant, cuique liberum erit.
&lt;section end=&quot;p1&quot; /&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;p2&quot; /&gt;

{{rule}}
{{c|{{xxx-larger|CATALOGUS}}&lt;br/&gt;{{x-larger|Latitudinum ac Longitudinum præcipuarum Cibitatum totius terrarum Orbis.}}
}}

{{missing table}}

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  <page>
    <title>Artis magnae artilleriae pars prima</title>
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|Annus=1650
|Liber=Casimirus Siemienowicz - Artis magnae artilleriae pars prima (1650).pdf
|Editio=Amsterodami, 1650
}}

'''''Artis magnae artilleriae pars prima''''' est praeclarus tractatus de arte tormentaria, pyrotechnica et missilibus a Casimiro Siemienowicz equite Lithuano et artis tormentariae propraefecto lingua Latina conscriptus, Amsterodami anno 1650 apud Ioannem Ianssonium in lucem editus. Opus primas in historia descriptiones missilium multistadii comprehendit.

== Editiones ==
* [[Liber:Casimirus Siemienowicz - Artis magnae artilleriae pars prima (1650).pdf|Editio princeps: Amsterodami, 1650]] (apud Ioannem Ianssonium).

[[Categoria:1650]]
[[Categoria:Libri saeculi XVII]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Lituaniae]]</text>
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|Annus=1592
|Liber=Ioannes Radvanus - Radivilias (1592).pdf
|Editio=Vilnae, 1592
}}

'''''Radivilias, sive De vita, et rebus praeclarissime gestis immortalis memoriae, illustrissimi principis Domini Nicolai Radivili, Georgii filii, ducis in Dubinki ac Bierze, palatini Vilnensis etc. libri quatuor''''' est poëma epicum heroicum a poeta humanista Ioanne Radvano lingua Latina compositum, Vilnae anno 1592 editum. Epos nationale Magni Ducatus Lituaniae habetur, vitam et res gestas Nicolai Radivili «Rufi» Magni Ducatus Lituaniae cancellarii et archistrategi (in primis victoriam ad Ulam anno 1564) enarrans.

== Editiones ==
* [[Liber:Ioannes Radvanus - Radivilias (1592).pdf|Editio princeps: Vilnae, 1592]] (apud Ioannem Czetvertinski / typis Academicis).

[[Categoria:1592]]
[[Categoria:Libri saeculi XVI]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Lituaniae]]</text>
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      <comment>/* Nondum emendata */ Paginam instituit, scribens 'tor fideiussorem suum ab herede suo liberari iusserit, an fideiussor liberari debeat. Respondit, debere. Item quaesitum est, an, quia mandati actione heredes tenerentur, inutile legatum est &lt;ref&gt;legatum esset, quemadmodum inutile legatum est. quod, la Vulg.&lt;/ref&gt;, quod debitor creditori suo legat. Respondit, quoties debitor creditori suo legaret, ita inutile esse legatum, si nihil interesset creditoris, ex testamento potius agere, quam ex pri...</comment>
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      <text bytes="2799" sha1="adn88kpbe9vgrv5nxcknjt1m4a2ww6k" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;1&quot; user=&quot;KAROL CHURA&quot; /&gt;{{InitiumBilinguis|s|lg=es}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;tor fideiussorem suum ab herede suo liberari iusserit, an fideiussor liberari debeat. Respondit, debere. Item quaesitum est, an, quia mandati actione heredes tenerentur, inutile legatum est &lt;ref&gt;legatum esset, quemadmodum inutile legatum est. quod, la Vulg.&lt;/ref&gt;, quod debitor creditori suo legat. Respondit, quoties debitor creditori suo legaret, ita inutile esse legatum, si nihil interesset creditoris, ex testamento potius agere, quam ex pristina obligatione; nam et si Titius mandaverit Maevio, ut pecuniam promitteret, deinde liberari eum iusserit a stipulatore, manifestum est, quantum intersit promissoris missoris liberari lib potius, quam praestare ex stipulatu, deinde mandati
agere.

'''12.''' IDEM ''libro XXXIX. Digestorum.-'' Lucius Titius, quum Erotem actorem haberet, codicillis ita cavit: «Erotem liberum esse volo; quem rationes reddere volo &lt;ref&gt;nolo , la Vulg.&lt;/ref&gt; cius temporis, quod erit post novissimam meam subscriptionem», postea vivus Erotem manumisit, in eodem actu habuit, rationesque subscripsit usque in eum diem, qui fuit ante paucissimos dies, quam moreretur; heredes Lucii Titii dicunt, quasdam summas et servum adhuc Erotem et postea liberum accepisse, in eas rationes, quae a Lucio Ticio subscriptae sunt, intulisse; quaero, an heredes ab Erote nihil exigere debent eius temporis, quo Lucius Titius rán subscripsit? Respondi, Erotem ex ea causa, quae proponeretur, liberationem petere non posse, nisi et hoc specialiter ei remissum est.

'''13.''' IDEM ''libro LXXXI. Digestorum.-'' Si creditor debitori, qui se exceptione perpetua tueri poterat , legaverit, quod sibi deberet, nullius momenti legatum erit. At si idem debitor creditori legaverit, intelligendum erit, exceptionem eum remitti creditori voluisse .

'''14.''' ULPIANUS ''libro I. Fideicommissorum.-'' Idem est, et si in diem debitor fuit, vel sub conditione.

'''15.''' IDEM ''libro LXIV. ad Edictum.-'' Si quis in testamento damnatus est, ne a Titio debitore exigat, neque ipsum, neque heredem eius potest convenire; nam neque heredis heres agere, neque ab heredis herede potest peti. Heredis autem heres potest damnari, ne exigat debitorem .

'''16.''' PAULUS ''libro IX. ad Plautium.-'' Ei , cui fundum in quinquennium locaveram, legavi, quidquid sum mihi dare facere oportet locationis quid retineret, ex testamento fore obligatum aiunt, quia nihil interesset, peteretur, an retineret; totam enim locationem legatam videri, sineret heres sibi ut Atilicinus, si heres prohiberet eum frui, ex conducto, si iure locationis quid retineret, ex testamento fore obligatum aiunt, quia nibil interesset, poteretur, an retineret; totam enim locationem legatam videri.

'''17.''' JAVOLENUS &lt;ref&gt;Labeo, Hal.&lt;/ref&gt; ''libro II. Labeonis Posterio-''&lt;noinclude&gt;{{ExitusBilinguis|s|lg=es}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Nondum emendata */ Paginam instituit, scribens 'rum.-reliqua quoque in iudicio locationis venire.  '''18.''' PAULUS ''libro IX. ad Plautium.-'' Cassius: etiamsi habitatio eo modo legata esset, gratuitam habitationem heres praestare deberet; et praeterea placuit, agere posse colonum cum herede ex testamento, ut liberetur conductione &lt;ref&gt;conditione, Hal.&lt;/ref&gt;; quod rectissime dicitur .  '''19.''' MODESTINUS ''libro IX. Regularum.-'' Quum ita testemur: «heres meus damnas esto liberare illum...</comment>
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      <text bytes="3048" sha1="cidqueembfobh1v19euk2pf5oerzbve" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;1&quot; user=&quot;KAROL CHURA&quot; /&gt;{{InitiumBilinguis|s|lg=es}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;rum.-reliqua quoque in iudicio locationis venire.

'''18.''' PAULUS ''libro IX. ad Plautium.-'' Cassius: etiamsi habitatio eo modo legata esset, gratuitam habitationem heres praestare deberet; et praeterea placuit, agere posse colonum cum herede ex testamento, ut liberetur conductione &lt;ref&gt;conditione, Hal.&lt;/ref&gt;; quod rectissime dicitur .

'''19.''' MODESTINUS ''libro IX. Regularum.-'' Quum ita testemur: «heres meus damnas esto liberare illum, quod is negotia mea gessit, et si quid eum y àno exigirlelo que el deba darme y hacerme», mihi dare facere oportet, ab eo non exigere», damnatur heres, nec creditas ab eo quoque pecunias exiget; in simili autem legato vix est, ut de eo quoque legando paterfamilias senserit, quod servis eius peculii nomine debetur.

'''20.''' IDEM ''libro X. Responsorum.-'' &lt;&lt;Aurelio Sempronio, fratri meo. Neminem molestari volo nomine debiti, neque exigere aliquid ab eo, quamdiu viveret &lt;ref&gt;vivet, Hal. Vulg.&lt;/ref&gt;, neque de sorte aut usura nomine debiti &lt;ref&gt;Tuur. según corrección del códice Fl.; aut usurae nomine; et abssolvo, conjetura Br. por la escritura original, que dice: autusuraenominedebebiti.&lt;/ref&gt;; et absolvo ei &lt;ref&gt;ci, omitela Ilal.&lt;/ref&gt; et libero ex pignoribus eius domum et possessionem Caperlatam» &lt;ref&gt;Taur, según corrección del códice Fl.; Caperlatham, la escritura original; possessionem. Causa perlata Modestinus, Hal.&lt;/ref&gt;; Modestinus respondit, ipsum debitorem, si conveniatur, exceptione tutum esse; diversum in persona heredis eius .

§ 1.-Caius Seius quum adolevisset, accepit curatores Pubium Maevium et Lucium Sempronium; sed enim &lt;ref&gt;sed enim, omitelas acertadamente la Vulg.&lt;/ref&gt; idem Caius Seius intra legitimam aetatem constitutus, quum in fatum concederet &lt;ref&gt;Taur. al margen; concideret , en el texto.&lt;/ref&gt;, testamento suo de curatoribus suis ita cavit: « quaestionem curatoribus meis nemo faciat, rem enim ipse tractavi» ; quaero, an rationem curae heredes adulti a curatoribus petere possint, quum defunctus , ut ex verbis testamenti apparet, confessus sit, se omnem rem suam administrasse. Modestinus respondit, si quid dolo curatores fecerunt, aut si quae res testatoris penes eos sunt, eo nomine conveniri cos posse.

'''21.''' TERENTIUS CLEMENS &lt;ref&gt;Neratius, Hal. Vulg.&lt;/ref&gt; ''libro XII . ad legem Iuliam et Papiam.-'' Si id, quod mihi deberes, vel tibi vel alii legavero, idque mihi solveris, vel qualibet alia ratione liberatus a me fueris, extinguitur legatum.

§ 1. Unde Iuliano placuit, etsi debitori heres extiterit creditor, posteaque ipse creditor decesserit, legatum extingui; et hoc verum est, quia confusione perinde extinguitur obligatio, ac solutione.

§ 2.-Sed si sub conditione dato legato heres
praeoccupaverit, et exegerit debitum, aliud dici oportet, quia in arbitrio heredis esse non debet, ut, quandoque conditione existente neque ipsi legatario debeatur legatum, si tum vivat et capere possit, neque ei, ad quem hoc commodum pervenit, si legatarius capere non possit.&lt;noinclude&gt;{{ExitusBilinguis|s|lg=es}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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    <title>Pagina:Cuerpo del derecho civil romano a doble texto (IA cuerpodelderechocivilromanoP1T2).pdf/689</title>
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      <comment>/* Nondum emendata */ Paginam instituit, scribens ''''22.''' PAPINIANUS ''libro XIX . Quaestionum.-'' &lt;&lt;&lt;Quod mihi Sempronius debet, peti nolo»; non tantum exceptionem habere debitorem, sed et fideicommissum, ut liberetur, petere posse, responsum est.  '''23.''' IDEM ''libro VII. Responsorum.-'' Procurator, a quo rationem heres exigere prohibitus, eoque nomine procuratorem liberare damnatus est, pecuniam ab argentario debitam ex contractu, quem ut procurator fecit, iure mandati cogetur restit...</comment>
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      <text bytes="2847" sha1="kpfgwpp5i447bnihbw8umivezalx46m" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;1&quot; user=&quot;KAROL CHURA&quot; /&gt;{{InitiumBilinguis|s|lg=es}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;'''22.''' PAPINIANUS ''libro XIX . Quaestionum.-'' &lt;&lt;&lt;Quod mihi Sempronius debet, peti nolo»; non tantum exceptionem habere debitorem, sed et fideicommissum, ut liberetur, petere posse, responsum est.

'''23.''' IDEM ''libro VII. Responsorum.-'' Procurator, a quo rationem heres exigere prohibitus, eoque nomine procuratorem liberare damnatus est, pecuniam ab argentario debitam ex contractu, quem ut procurator fecit, iure mandati cogetur restituetuere, vel actiones praestare.

'''24.''' IDEM ''libro VIII. Responsorum.-'' Quum heres rogatur debitorem suum liberare, de eo tantum cogitatum videtur, quod in obligatione manserit; itaque si quid ante tabulas apertas fuerit solutum, ad causam fideicommissi non pertinebit. Quod autem post tabulas apertas ante aditam hereditatem ab eo, qui voluntatem defuncti non ignoravit, fuerit exactum, dolo proximum erit, ideoque repeti potest.

'''25.''' PAULUS ''libro X. Quaestionum .-''
Legavi Titio, quod mihi debetur, vel adiecta certa quantitate sive specie, vel non adiecta, aut ex contrario, aeque cum distinctione, veluti: «Titio, quod ei debeo», vel ita: &lt;&lt;Titio centum, quae ei debeo»; quaero, an per omnia requirendum putes, an debitum
sit, et plenius rogo, quae ad haec spectant, attingas, quotidiana enim sunt. Respondi, si is, cui Titius debebat, debitum ei remittere voluit, nihil interest, heredem suum iusserit &lt;ref&gt;Hal. Vulg .; iussit, el códice Fl.
&lt;/ref&gt;, ut eum liberaret, an prohibeat eum exigere; utroque enim modo liberandus est debitor, et utroque casu competit ultro ad liberandum debitori actio. Quodsi
etiam centum aureorum, vel fundi debiti mentionem fecit, si quidem debitor fuisse probetur, liberandus est; quodsi nihil debeat, poterit dici, quasi falsa demonstratione adiecta , etiam peti, quod comprehensum est, posse. Sed poterit hoc dici, si ita legavit: «centum aureos, quos mihi debet», vel:
&lt;&lt;&lt;Stichum, quem debet, heres meus damnas esto
non petere». Quodsi sic dixit: «heres meus centum aureos, quos mihi Titius debet, damnas esto ei dare», etiam illud tentari poterit, ut petere possit, quasi falsa demonstratione adiecta; quod mihi nequaquam placet, quum dandi verbum ad debibitum referre se testator existimaverit. Contra autem, si debitor creditori leget, nullam utilitatem video, sí sine quantitate leget. Sed et si id demonstret, quod debere se confitetur, nulla utilitas est, nisi in his speciebus, in quibus emolumentum debiti ampliatur. Quodsi centum aureos, quos se debere dixit, legavit, si quidem debet, inutile est legatum; quodsi non fuit debitor, placuit, utile esse legatum, certa enim numorum quantitas similis est Sticho legato cum demonstratione falsa; idque et Divus Pius rescripsit, certa pecunia dotis acceptae
nomine legata.

'''26.''' SCAEVOLA ''libro IV. Responsorum.-'' Tutor&lt;noinclude&gt;{{ExitusBilinguis|s|lg=es}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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      <comment>/* Nondum emendata */ Paginam instituit, scribens 'decedens aliis heredibus scriptis pupillo suo, cuius tutelam gessit, tertiam partem bonorum dari voluit, si heredibus suis tutelae causa controversiam non fecerit, sed eo nomine omnes liberaverit; pupillus legatum praetulit &lt;ref&gt;pertulit, Hal.&lt;/ref&gt;, et postea nihilominus petiit &lt;ref&gt;Hal.; petit, el códice Fl.&lt;/ref&gt;, quidquid ex distractione aliave causa ad tutorem suum ex tutela pervenerit; quaero, an verbis testamenti ab his exactionibus ex...</comment>
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      <text bytes="3134" sha1="r663sq0ki08gr9mgljgpqhigdtmdfsz" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;1&quot; user=&quot;KAROL CHURA&quot; /&gt;{{InitiumBilinguis|s|lg=es}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;decedens aliis heredibus scriptis pupillo suo, cuius tutelam gessit, tertiam partem bonorum dari voluit, si heredibus suis tutelae causa controversiam non fecerit, sed eo nomine omnes liberaverit; pupillus legatum praetulit &lt;ref&gt;pertulit, Hal.&lt;/ref&gt;, et postea nihilominus petiit &lt;ref&gt;Hal.; petit, el códice Fl.&lt;/ref&gt;, quidquid ex distractione aliave causa ad tutorem suum ex tutela pervenerit; quaero, an verbis testamenti ab his exactionibus excludatur. Respondit, si, priusquam conditioni pareret, fideicommissum percepisset, et pergeret petere id, in quo contra conditionem faceret, doli mali exceptionem obstituram, nisi paratus esset, quod ex causa fideicommissi percepisset, reddere; quod ei aetatis beneficio indulgendum est.

'''27.''' TRYPHONINUS ''libro VIII. Disputationum .-'' Videamus , si ei, cum quo de peculio actio erit, liberatio testamento legata sit, an, si die, quo legata cedere solent, nihil in peculio sit, legatarii loco
habetur. Atquin nondum debitor fuit, nec procedit, ut emolumentum aliquod &lt;ref&gt;Hal.; aliquid, el códice Fl.&lt;/ref&gt; ex legato ad eum perveniat, nisi propter spem futuri peculii; numquid ergo in pendenti sit, an legatarius fuerit, perinde atque si qua alia causa spem legati dubiam faceret? &lt;ref&gt;quod magis est, añade la Vulg.&lt;/ref&gt;

28, SCAEVOLA libro XVI. Digestorum.-Aurelius Symphorus &lt;ref&gt;Symphorinus, la Vulg.&lt;/ref&gt; fideiusserat pro tutore quodam,
et decedens iisdem &lt;ref&gt;elus, Hal.&lt;/ref&gt; pupillis legavit in haec verba: «Arellio &lt;ref&gt;Rellio, Hal.; Aurelio, la Vulg.&lt;/ref&gt; Latino,et Arellio &lt;ref&gt;Rellio, Hal.; Aurelio, la Vulg.&lt;/ref&gt; Felici singulis quina, quum quis eorum quatuordecim annorum fuerit, ad quod tempus praestari iis volo, singulis alimentorum nomine menstruos denarios senos, et vestiarii nomine annuos denarios viginti quinque; quo legato contenti esse debetis, quando tutela vestra non minimo damno rationem meam afflixerit; a vobis autem, heredes mei, peto, ne quid ex ratione tutelae ab his exigere, vel ab hoc legato &lt;ref&gt;vel ob hoc legata, Hal.&lt;/ref&gt; corum retinere velitis »; quaesitum est, si heres eius ex causa fideiussionis aliquid praestiterit, an ab &lt;ref&gt;Ilal. Vulg.; ab, omitela el códice Fl.&lt;/ref&gt; herede filiorum eius, pro quo fideiusserat, repetere possit. Respondit, verbis, quae proponerentur, id solum videri heredum fideicommissum, ne exigerent, quod ex ratione tutelae, quam ipse Symphorus administraverat, ab Arelliis &lt;ref&gt;Relliis, Hal.; Aureliis, la Vulg.&lt;/ref&gt; sibi deberetur.

§ 1.- Testamento facto debitoribus liberationem reliquerat, post inciso lino et recognito testamento aliud testamentum fecit, in quo repetiit legatum his verbis: «quibusque legata in eo testamento, quod incideram, dedi, omnia rata esse, et quaequae
scripta sunt, volo»; quaesitum est, adita ex sequente testamento hereditate an debitores, quibus priori testamento liberatio relicta erat, consequi possint, ut etiam eius quantitatis nomine, quam post prius testamentum debere coeperant, liberarentur, et si ab his heredes petere coeperint, an doli mali exceptione summoverentur. Respondit, non liberari.&lt;noinclude&gt;{{ExitusBilinguis|s|lg=es}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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    <title>Pagina:Historia Naturalis Brasiliae (1648).pdf/81</title>
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      <text bytes="6104" sha1="9kzolb51aome0iitpc41kdzovoin4y4" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;3&quot; user=&quot;EnaldoSS&quot; /&gt;{{rh||{{sc|de Facvltatibvs Simplicivm Lib. IV.}}|63}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;section begin=&quot;X&quot;/&gt;vero loco tegularum tuguria {{s}}ua ad pluvias {{et}} alia arcentia {{s}}ternunt. Fi{{s}}cellas quoque {{et}} va{{s}}a viminea ex illis conficiunt. Folia autem hujus arboris non ita dependent in orbem, ut ''Cocoeiro'', {{s}}ed maximam partem {{s}}tant {{s}}urrecta.

Prope foliorum exortum, etiam rami proveniunt penduli, proferentes racemos quatuor vel quinque pedes longos, plenos flo{{s}}culis, po{{s}}t quos etiam racematim proveniunt fructus ovi gallinacei figura {{et}} mole aut etiam majore, fa{{s}}tigium habentes acuminatum: altera autem extremitate in{{s}}ident calici vel cupul{{ae}}, ut nux pinea, foliis triangularibus con{{s}}tanti.

Maturus fructus exterius ex viridi flave{{s}}cit, vel etiam brune{{s}}cit. Cortex exterior filamento{{s}}us e{{s}}t, ut in ''Coco'', verum haud cra{{s}}{{s}}us, {{s}}ed duplam tantum habens ovi Gallin{{ae}} te{{s}}t{{ae}} cra{{s}}{{s}}itiem. Hic mor{{s}}us detrahi pote{{s}}t: illo detracto apparet pauca caro crocei coloris, vix ullo manife{{s}}to {{s}}apore pr{{ae}}dita, qu{{ae}} à Nigritis cum farina comeditur. Caro autem h{{ae}}c ambit nucem duri{{s}}{{s}}imam, in{{s}}tar ''Coco'' ovalem, eju{{s}}dem fere cra{{s}}{{s}}itiei, {{s}}ed {{s}}ine foraminibus. Hac fracta, apparet in cavo, per inter{{s}}titium more juglandum di{{s}}tincto, nucleus magnitudine juglandis, albus, duriu{{s}}culus, paulo {{s}}iccior neque tam {{s}}uavis ut ''Coco''. Colliguntur per totum annum {{et}} nuclei tam ab indigenis quam advenis comeduntur. ''Inaia-miri'', id e{{s}}t, cocos parva, Bra{{s}}ilianis dicta.

Oleum in{{s}}uper optimum inde exprimitur, album {{et}} jucundi odoris, quod, quia refrigerat, defectum ro{{s}}ati {{s}}{{ae}}pe {{s}}upplet, {{et}} cum recens e{{s}}t, in cibis, cum vero vetus, ad lucernas u{{s}}urpatur. E fructus quoque aliud non ignobile {{et}} magis flavum elicitur, {{s}}ed minus refrigerans, quod tamen ad multa mala emollienda adhibetur.

E fa{{s}}tigio arboris gummi pellucidum, odoratum {{et}} pulcherrimum fluit, quod in locum Arabici nonnumquam venit. Po{{s}}tremo medulla coloris albicantis {{et}} recentem juglandem re{{s}}ipiens, in vertice ligni continetur, optimum alimentum {{s}}i cum pane {{et}} {{s}}ale comedatur.

{{sc|Cocoeiro}} Indica, qu{{ae}} à Bra{{s}}ilianis vocatur ''Inajaguacuiba'' {{et}} fructus illius ''Inajaguacu'', Pindov{{ae}} (de qua jam diximus) in multis di{{s}}{{s}}imilis. Nam caudice raro e{{s}}t recto, {{s}}ed plerumque inclinato, quatuor, {{et}} interdum etiam {{s}}eptem pedes cra{{s}}{{s}}o: {{et}} {{s}}{{ae}}pe ad quinquaginta pedes alto. Quapropter mirum e{{s}}t, eorum truncos po{{s}}{{s}}e {{s}}ic brevibus, tenuibus {{et}} vix terra coopertis radicibus in aëre {{s}}ub{{s}}i{{s}}tere, neque {{s}}uo multo pondere {{et}} mole, venti{{s}}que etiam vehementibus {{s}}{{ae}}pe eas quatientibus, humi concidere. Accedit quod pars caudicis humi proxima, non cra{{s}}{{s}}ior aut fortior quam in {{s}}ummitate exi{{s}}tat. C{{ae}}terum e{{s}}t cortice cinereo, {{et}} qua{{s}}i vibicibus hinc inde tran{{s}}ver{{s}}im notato per ambitum. Lignum non multi e{{s}}t u{{s}}us, con{{s}}tat enim ex meris filamentis: e{{s}}t dulce {{et}} qua{{s}}i lacteo {{s}}ucco turgens, unde arbore c{{ae}}{{s}}a à formicis appetitur. Caret ramis; {{s}}ed in {{s}}ummitate, quindecim, viginti aut plura habet folia magna, alata, in orbem di{{s}}per{{s}}a, partim {{s}}urrecta, partim dependentia, grato a{{s}}pectu. In exordio {{s}}uo h{{ae}}c folia alata quadam textura ve{{s}}tita {{s}}unt, ob{{s}}cure gry{{s}}ei coloris, qu{{ae}} {{s}}olvitur {{s}}ub{{s}}equente alia. Quodlibet folium longum e{{s}}t circiter {{s}}edecim pedes Rhijnlandicos; plures pauciore{{s}}ve, ac in exortu unum circiter pedem cra{{s}}{{s}}um, di{{s}}{{s}}ectum in folia {{s}}ive alas, ordine juxta {{s}}e po{{s}}itas aut oppo{{s}}itas; quodlibet tale folium tres pedes circiter longum e{{s}}t, duos digitos latum, {{s}}ed ver{{s}}us extremitatem angu{{s}}tius {{et}} acuminatum, habens {{s}}ecundum longitudinem nervum o{{s}}{{s}}eum flave{{s}}centem, ac tran{{s}}ver{{s}}im {{s}}ubtili{{s}}{{s}}imas lineas {{s}}eu {{s}}trias virides, ac totum carinatum cavitate {{s}}ur{{s}}um ver{{s}}us; {{s}}ub{{s}}tanti{{ae}} in{{s}}tar folii Gladioli, l{{ae}}te viride ac {{s}}plendens. Inter folia alata in {{s}}ummitate arboris oritur {{s}}iliqua {{s}}ive vagina duos pedes aut amplius longa, in extremitatibus fa{{s}}tigiata, viridis, {{s}}triata, qu{{ae}} deinde rufe{{s}}cit {{et}} {{s}}ponte {{s}}e aperit. Antequam autem {{s}}e pandat, caulis intus reperitur eleganter compo{{s}}itus pedem longus, tres aut quatuor digitos cra{{s}}{{s}}us, in plures ramos pedales aut {{s}}emipedales divi{{s}}us, qui rami apte à natura in theca illa complicati magnam {{s}}picam repr{{ae}}{{s}}entant. Rami autem hi onu{{s}}ti {{s}}unt triangularibus corpu{{s}}culis, magnitudine amygdal{{ae}} excorticat{{ae}}, albis, qu{{ae}} rudimenta {{s}}unt florum {{et}} deinde nucum. Nam rupta vagina rami hi {{s}}e explicant {{et}} o{{s}}tendunt flo{{s}}culos luteos. Hinc {{s}}uccre{{s}}cit fructus, quilibet in{{s}}i{{s}}tens brevi pediculo, pennam an{{s}}erinam cra{{s}}{{s}}o, {{et}} cupul{{ae}}, {{s}}quamis con{{s}}tanti ex rufo flave{{s}}centibus. Pondere {{et}} duritie {{s}}umma nuces caput humanum excedentes profert. Toto anni tempore maturis pariter atque immaturis fructibus decoratur, qui arcte {{et}} racematim caudicis {{s}}ummitati adh{{ae}}re{{s}}cunt, {{et}} putaminibus cra{{s}}{{s}}is, filamento{{s}}is {{et}} tenacibus ve{{s}}tiuntur, quibus {{s}}ublatis ligneus calix apparet, quem {{s}}i immaturum perforaveris, aliquando {{s}}upra heminam dulci{{s}}{{s}}imi {{et}} grati{{s}}{{s}}imi liquoris emittet, qui actu frigidi{{s}}{{s}}imus licet, potentia tamen calidus e{{s}}t, {{et}} tenuiorum partium, urinamque cunctantem provocat. Nucibus autem maturatis, lacteus ille humor conden{{s}}atur {{et}} coaguli in{{s}}tar calami {{s}}criptorii cra{{s}}{{s}}itie concavo adh{{ae}}re{{s}}cit, qui exemtus ac manducatus vix ulli&lt;noinclude&gt; nu-&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{rh|||cleo,}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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      <comment>/* Incerta */</comment>
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      <text bytes="4343" sha1="0jwu7slhzp0bprg7y9qevnwjkgj8jk5" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;2&quot; user=&quot;EnaldoSS&quot; /&gt;{{rh|64|{{sc|Gvilielmi Pisonis}}|}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;section begin=&quot;X&quot;/&gt;{{pt|cleo|nucleo}}, quamvis {{s}}apidi{{s}}{{s}}imo, dignitate cedit: nutrit enim {{et}} {{s}}uaviter reficit: proinde à viatoribus longo itinere dela{{s}}{{s}}atis {{et}} {{s}}corbuto infectis valde expetitur. Calidus {{et}} humidus exi{{s}}tit in primo gradu. Oleum inde premendo extractum, in plurimos culin{{ae}} {{et}} pharmacope{{ae}} u{{s}}us re{{s}}ervatur, nec amygdalorum oleo pr{{ae}}{{s}}tantia cedit.

Per os a{{s}}{{s}}umtum pectoris malis medetur oleum, alvum quoque laxat, {{s}}i largius exhibeatur: ex alto l{{ae}}{{s}}is mirum in modum prode{{s}}t, urina{{s}}que cit.

Pr{{ae}}terea liquor quidam {{s}}tillatitius, albicans {{et}} eximi{{ae}} virtutis exinde elicitur, renumque {{et}} Gonorrhe{{ae}} ardoribus ex{{s}}tinguendis utili{{s}}{{s}}imus, tum à mulierculis inter co{{s}}metica adhibitus. Ob{{s}}ervandum autem aquam illam copio{{s}}i{{s}}{{s}}imam {{et}} grati{{s}}{{s}}imam inveniri in medi{{ae}} {{ae}}tatis nucibus: in plane maturis tantum modicam, neque ita gratam. Nucleum autem tum optime {{s}}apere, quum ad {{s}}ummam maturitatem pervenit.

E trunci porro vertice medulla qu{{ae}}dam, arbu{{s}}cul{{ae}} in{{s}}tar nov{{ae}}, ex{{s}}urgit, qu{{ae}} ex loculo, quo continebatur, prorumpens, eju{{s}}dem fere qualitatis, cujus concretus ille nucis humor, de quo jam diximus, exi{{s}}tit; qu{{ae}} non cruda {{s}}olum, {{s}}ed {{et}} cocta inter epulas apponitur, {{et}} cum bra{{s}}{{s}}ica Cyprina certat. Nondum matura magis refrigerat; quocirca vicem acetariorum {{et}} lactucarum pr{{ae}}{{s}}tat. Sed ea ablata arbor moritur, quod non {{ae}}que contingit inferiori radicum parte l{{ae}}{{s}}a vel conci{{s}}a; hinc fit ut plures indigen{{ae}} {{s}}ibi per{{s}}uadeant idem, quod Pro{{s}}per Alpinus de {{AE}}gypti populis circa dactyliferas narrat palmas, eas {{s}}cilicet non terra radicibus attracta, {{s}}ed aëre ex {{s}}ublimiori arboris parte ali ac vivere.

Atque h{{ae}}c de Palmis, earumque medicis pr{{ae}}{{s}}idiis dicta {{s}}int. De c{{ae}}teris illis rarioribus nativis {{et}} minus u{{s}}ualibus; ut {{et}} de dactyliferis exoticis, in Africa atque A{{s}}ia non {{s}}olum, {{s}}ed {{et}} Italia noti{{s}}{{s}}imis, {{s}}i quid re{{s}}tet in Hi{{s}}toria Naturali plura dicentur.
&lt;section end=&quot;X&quot;/&gt;
{{dhr}}
&lt;section begin=&quot;XI&quot;/&gt;{{c|{{sc|Cap. XI.}}}}
{{c|{{larger|''De Aroeira eju{{s}}que qualitatibus.'' }}}}

{{Is|A}}Rbor areno{{s}}is, littore imprimis {{et}} promontorio Olind{{ae}} frequens, ''Aroeira'' nuncupatur. Myrto {{s}}ilve{{s}}tri no{{s}}trati qualitate non valde ab{{s}}imilis, ad Lenti{{s}}cos tamen referri debet. {{FI |file= |tsize=200px |float=right |margin-left=0.3em |margin-top=0.3em |margin-bottom=0.3em}} Pr{{ae}}ter eximias facultates, quas cum ''Araca'', {{et}} Myrto, reliqui{{s}}que, a{{s}}tringentibus {{et}} odoriferis arboribus habet communes, hi{{s}}ce peculiaribus pollet, quod re{{s}}inam fundat fragranti{{s}}{{s}}imam in{{s}}tar Lenti{{s}}ci, ex qua empla{{s}}trum adver{{s}}us frigidos affectus componitur.

Foliis convenit cum ''Guabirab{{ae}}'' foliis, ni{{s}}i quod hujus {{s}}int paulo minora: Sunt autem in ramulis bina {{s}}ibi invicem oppo{{s}}ita, {{et}} quinque aut {{s}}eptem in extremitate. Ad cuju{{s}}libet ramuli exortum, ramulus e{{s}}t brevior, plenus flo{{s}}culis minimis, qui con{{s}}tant quinque foliolis ex albo {{s}}ubluteis.

Fructum fert exiguum {{s}}anguinei coloris, racematim conge{{s}}tum ac pendulum, cujus acrimonia {{et}} {{s}}iccitate carnes recentes à putredine con{{s}}ervantur.

Oleum quoque ex {{s}}ucculentis illius baccis exprimitur, eidem u{{s}}ui cum re{{s}}ina in{{s}}erviens.

Folia in{{s}}ignem {{et}} nobili{{s}}{{s}}imum odorem emittunt, {{s}}i conterantur, qu{{ae}} {{s}}ubamara, cum quadam vi ad{{s}}tringendi, aromaticas calida{{s}}que partes habent conjunctas, quemadmodum è balneis {{et}} lavacris, qu{{ae}} ex illis fiunt, videre e{{s}}t.

Has vero virtutes tum profunde ex{{s}}erit, ut per de{{s}}tillationem foliorum, imprimis recentium, odorifera {{et}} ad{{s}}tringens aqua inde eliciatur, qu{{ae}} tum ad pellendos corporis affectus, tum ad delicias {{s}}ervatur.

Tempore paroxy{{s}}mi febricitanti, Empyricorum more, exhibent cum {{s}}ucce{{s}}{{s}}u, oculos {{s}}eu gemmas arboris ex aqua nocturno rori expo{{s}}itos.&lt;noinclude&gt;{{rh|||{{sc|Cap.}}}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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    <title>Pagina:Historia Naturalis Brasiliae (1648).pdf/83</title>
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        <id>18086</id>
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      <comment>/* Emendata */</comment>
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      <text bytes="5169" sha1="53h5bbyd6atwc5ckzosszkj44p3h3is" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;3&quot; user=&quot;EnaldoSS&quot; /&gt;{{rh||{{sc|de Facvltatibvs Simplicivm Lib. IV.}}|65}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;section begin=&quot;XI&quot;/&gt;C{{ae}}terum {{s}}ciendum e{{s}}t in ramis ''Aroeira'', luxuriare {{s}}{{ae}}pe polypodium, illo quod è terra pro{{s}}ilit longe probatius.
&lt;section end=&quot;XI&quot;/&gt;
{{dhr}}
&lt;section begin=&quot;XII&quot;/&gt;{{c|{{sc|Cap. XII.}}}}
{{c|{{larger|''De Vrucu, eju{{s}}que qualitatibus.'' }}}}

{{Is|L}}Ocum inter arbore{{s}}centes Plantas obtinet ''Vrucu'', {{s}}ilve{{s}}tris quidem, {{s}}ed à Bra{{s}}ilien{{s}}ibus inter horten{{s}}es {{et}} {{s}}ativas jam olim tran{{s}}lata; multaque etiam nunc indu{{s}}tria eam excolunt; partim ut granulorum folliculis involutorum, minio {{s}}e{{s}}e exornent ac pingant; partim vero ut Lu{{s}}itanis divendant, qu{{ae}}{{s}}tumque ex illo faciant. Lingua ip{{s}}orum hanc plantam ''Vrucu'' dictam, Clu{{s}}ius Bixam Americanam Oviedi e{{s}}{{s}}e exi{{s}}timat.

Foliis e{{s}}t grandioribus {{et}} mucronatis, figura cordis, ut pingi {{s}}olet, alternatim po{{s}}itis, in pediculis, duos, tres, interdum {{et}} quinque digitos longis, nervum {{s}}ecundum longitudinem {{et}} venas obliquas inferius prominentes habentibus, l{{ae}}te viridibus: caulibus calamo {{s}}criptorio tenuioribus, ligno albo {{et}} cortice fu{{s}}co, in{{s}}tar coryli. Circa extremitatem ramorum in brevibus pediculis multi proveniunt flores, in uv{{ae}} figuram di{{s}}po{{s}}iti: quilibet flos e{{s}}t ro{{s}}{{ae}} magnitudine, quinque foliis con{{s}}tans albis incarnatis dilutis. In medio cuju{{s}}vis floris ingens numerus e{{s}}t {{s}}taminulorum luteorum apicibus purpureis: vix {{s}}en{{s}}ibilem aliquem habet odorem. Po{{s}}t florem fructus {{s}}equitur in {{s}}iliqua myrobalani oblongi figuram habente, {{s}}eu pyramidali rotunda, {{s}}e{{s}}quidigitum aut duos digitos longa: qu{{ae}} immatura vire{{s}}cit exterius, matura rufe{{s}}cit, e{{s}}tque tota hi{{s}}pida ob fila prominentia qu{{ae}} habet, {{s}}ed non aculeata. In qualibet autem {{s}}iliqua ultra triginta, imo quadraginta grana, quodque {{s}}uo pediculo innitens, continentur, figur{{ae}} conic{{ae}} acut{{ae}} aut exigui pyri, {{et}} in duobus lateribus qua{{s}}i digito compre{{s}}{{s}}um. Color granorum in{{s}}igniter miniatus {{et}} {{s}}plende{{s}}cens, {{s}}uccoque tali madens, ita ut ad tactum inficiat manus egregio miniato colore. Grana recentia haud dura {{s}}unt, {{s}}ed ut granum pomi, intus carnem habens albicantem: exterius etiam quodlibet granum punctulum habet argenteum. Siliqua matura {{s}}ponte {{s}}e aperit: grana {{s}}iccata evadunt rubra, ob{{s}}cure nihilominus tamen, ut antea, tincturam in {{s}}e continent; {{et}} recentia {{s}}ive {{s}}iccata u{{s}}urpari po{{s}}{{s}}unt: Trita {{s}}impliciter in aqua {{s}}implici {{s}}eu {{s}}tillatitia, egregiam dant tincturam miniatam. Collecta grana in ma{{s}}{{s}}am coguntur, {{s}}pherul{{ae}}que {{et}} tabell{{ae}} in multos annos durabiles inde conficiuntur, qu{{ae}} in Europam tran{{s}}mi{{s}}{{s}}a longe lateque di{{s}}trahuntur. Magi{{s}}terium etiam inde, more coralli, pr{{ae}}paratur {{et}} in u{{s}}us re{{s}}ervatur. Grana recentia matura {{et}} ex{{s}}iccata, inque pa{{s}}tillos conformata, quantitate indefinita, cum pulte ex ''Tipioca'', qu{{ae}} ''Carima'' dicitur, alioque conveniente decumbentibus exhibent, {{s}}ive veneno, {{s}}ive aliunde infirmitatem contraxerint.

Radices ip{{s}}{{ae}}, nec grana, multi {{s}}unt {{s}}aporis, proinde ad medendum faciliores. Incolarum nonnulli radices granis pr{{ae}}ferunt, quod harum recens, illorum vero u{{s}}us longe {{s}}it antiquior, {{et}} vicem croci, colore {{et}} qualitate ({{s}}icut de ''Curucuma'' J. Bontius retulit) {{s}}upplet. Tum extractum ejus ex vino adu{{s}}to confectum {{s}}ibi re{{s}}ervant. Quod etiam nunc hodie colonorum non paucos, imitari videmus. Videatur Icon Hi{{s}}t. Nat. G. M.
&lt;section end=&quot;XII&quot;/&gt;
{{dhr}}
&lt;section begin=&quot;XIII&quot;/&gt;{{c|{{sc|Cap. XIII.}}}}
{{c|{{larger|''De Zabucajo, eju{{s}}que u{{s}}u.'' }}}}

{{Is|A}}Lti{{s}}{{s}}ima arbor e{{s}}t, cortice gry{{s}}eo, duro {{et}} in{{ae}}quali, in{{s}}tar Quercus veteris, (ex quo atramentum {{s}}criptorium conficitur) folia juniora ruffa {{s}}unt, vetu{{s}}tiora autem viridia, {{s}}imilia foliis Mori, in ambitu {{s}}errata, {{et}} quodammodo contorta {{et}} incurvata. Capaci{{s}}{{s}}imos {{et}} {{s}}umm{{ae}} duritiei producit calices, ore in terram obver{{s}}o, {{et}} operculo, admirabili natur{{ae}} lu{{s}}u, in{{s}}tar pyxidis, opertos. In iis continentur nuces jucundi {{s}}aporis, qu{{ae}} ubi maturitatem fuerint con{{s}}ecut{{ae}}, excu{{s}}{{s}}o illico tegumento, {{s}}ine cuju{{s}}quam auxilio è calicibus decidunt, {{et}} grati{{s}}{{s}}imum, incolis {{ae}}que {{et}} animalibus {{s}}uppeditant alimentum. Semel in anno mature{{s}}cunt, media videlicet hyeme. Sapore {{et}} excellentia pi{{s}}taceis ad{{ae}}quantur, {{et}} venerem {{s}}opitam dicuntur excitare.

Potiones {{et}} pultes, tam ad Medicinam quam ad epulas ex illis comparantur.

Oleum quoque pingui{{s}}{{s}}imum ex illis exprimitur, amygdalino calidius; nuclei enim, è quibus elicitur, in {{s}}ecundo gradu calidi {{et}} in primo {{s}}icci perhibentur. Pr{{ae}}{{s}}tat a{{s}}{{s}}atis quam&lt;noinclude&gt;{{rh||''I''|crudis}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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    <title>Pagina:Historia Naturalis Brasiliae (1648).pdf/84</title>
    <ns>104</ns>
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      <id>285682</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-27T03:25:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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        <id>18086</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Incerta */</comment>
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      <text bytes="2102" sha1="r9pem4nqk4chlzmgqj0ypmif8yssxv2" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;2&quot; user=&quot;EnaldoSS&quot; /&gt;{{rh|66|{{sc|Gvilielmi Pisonis}}|}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;section begin=&quot;XIII&quot;/&gt;crudis ve{{s}}ci, quod caput infe{{s}}tent. Plu{{s}}quam triginta ordine ip{{s}}i calici, mediante vi{{s}}co{{s}}a materia, agglutinati h{{ae}}rent, figuraque fere triangulari exi{{s}}tunt, Myrobalano Chebulo non adeo di{{s}}{{s}}imiles. Tant{{ae}} duritiei h{{ae}} pixides {{s}}unt, ut Tapuyeris non {{s}}olum va{{s}}a potoria, {{s}}ed {{et}} di{{s}}cos, {{et}} ollas {{s}}ufficiant. C{{ae}}terum arbor in {{s}}altibus {{et}} locis mediterraneis adeo luxuriat, ut ju{{s}}to exercitui, {{s}}ufficienti {{s}}u{{s}}tentaculo fructus ejus aliquando fuerint.

[[File:|center|350px]]

Pulchra e{{s}}t, trunco cra{{s}}{{s}}o {{et}} recto, inque in{{s}}ignem proceritatem a{{s}}{{s}}urgit. Lignum eximium u{{s}}um pr{{ae}}{{s}}tat, putredini mire re{{s}}i{{s}}tit, unde ob {{s}}ummam {{s}}imul duritiem, molendinorum {{s}}acchareorum axes ex illo fabricantur, c{{ae}}tera{{s}}que arbores multum antecellit.

Cortices pr{{ae}}terea contu{{s}}i {{et}} rite pr{{ae}}parati naupegis loco {{s}}tup{{ae}} in{{s}}erviunt.

Alia adhuc datur ii{{s}}dem locis ''Zabucayo'' arbor, priori {{s}}imillima, ni{{s}}i quod calices magis deformes producat, earum nuces dignitate inferiores habeantur: quippe ex immoderato illarum u{{s}}u, quibu{{s}}dam capillos defluxi{{s}}{{s}}e Incol{{ae}} te{{s}}tantur.
&lt;section end=&quot;XIII&quot;/&gt;
{{dhr}}
&lt;section begin=&quot;XIV&quot;/&gt;{{c|{{sc|Cap. XIV.}}}}
{{c|{{larger|''De Gueticoroja, {{et}} illius facultatibus.'' }}}}

{{Is|V}}Ari{{ae}} arbores excel{{s}}{{ae}} ''Guetijs'' dict{{ae}}, eju{{s}}dem generis fructus flave{{s}}centes producunt, pauca carne, magnoque lapide ovalis figur{{ae}} intus refertos; quorum fructuum ad minimum mihi tres vidi{{s}}{{s}}e {{s}}pecies contigit, ''Guetitoroba'', ''Gueti-miri'', {{et}} ''Gueticoroya'', e{{s}}culentos quidem omnes, {{s}}ed à paucioribus expetitos, excepto uno hoc eoque pr{{ae}}grandi, de quo in pr{{ae}}{{s}}enti agimus, {{et}} à magnatibus in deliciis habetur.

E{{s}}t autem h{{ae}}c arbor qu{{ae}} ''Guety-coroya'' dicitur, cortice gry{{s}}eo. Rami habent folia in&lt;noinclude&gt;{{rh|||frondes}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="3827" sha1="fud4bio5dktfkj0dc0z4576wzo3f7g7" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;2&quot; user=&quot;EnaldoSS&quot; /&gt;{{rh||{{sc|de Facvltatibvs Simplicivm Lib. IV.}}|67}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;section begin=&quot;XIV&quot;/&gt;frondes conge{{s}}ta. Nimirum pediculi {{s}}unt in extremitate ramorum, unum aut {{s}}e{{s}}quidigitum {{FI |file= |tsize=300px |float=left |margin-right=0.3em |margin-top=0.3em |margin-bottom=0.3em}} longi, alternatim oppo{{s}}iti, {{et}} quilibet duo aut tria folia {{s}}u{{s}}tinentes, decem {{et}} plures digitos longa, quatuor aut etiam {{s}}ex lata, ad tactum in{{s}}tar corii Hi{{s}}panici, oblonga, lingu{{ae}} figura, {{s}}uperius dilute viridia, inferius ochr{{ae}} in{{s}}tar flava, nervo {{s}}ecundum longitudinem eminente, {{et}} co{{s}}tis obliquis intervallis, partim {{ae}}qualibus, partim in{{ae}}qualibus di{{s}}tincta. Ad frondes flores proveniunt, in longam {{s}}picam conge{{s}}ti, parvi, flavi, pene inodori. Floret Januario men{{s}}e, Majo {{et}} Junio fructus mature{{s}}cit, {{s}}emelque biennio integro provenit. Malum Europ{{ae}}um magnitudine excedit: e{{s}}t tubero{{s}}us, deformis {{et}} maculis nigricantibus di{{s}}tinctus; in {{s}}uperficie ubi maturuerit, mollis, ablatoque cortice, flava pulpa pinguis {{et}} carno{{s}}a apparet. Odore, {{s}}apore, ip{{s}}aque {{s}}ub{{s}}tantia nutritiva con{{s}}ervam aliquam recentem {{et}} aromaticam re{{s}}ipit. Mox {{s}}umm{{ae}} duritiei ac ponderis lapis, ovique magnitudine, multis filamentis ve{{s}}titus con{{s}}picitur; qui vi effractus, nucleum {{s}}ub{{s}}tanti{{ae}} carno{{s}}{{ae}} rubicantis {{et}} compact{{ae}} continet, ingrati {{s}}aporis {{et}} a{{s}}tringentis. Is tritus {{et}} ex conveniente liquore {{ae}}gro porrectus, vi a{{s}}trictoria immodicum alvi profluvium {{s}}i{{s}}tit. U{{s}}um, quantum quidem con{{s}}tat, alium in Medicina non habet hic fructus; ut nec ip{{s}}a arbor, qu{{ae}} {{s}}oliditate {{et}} altitudine, {{et}} duratione ip{{s}}am Quercum {{s}}uperat.
&lt;section end=&quot;XIV&quot;/&gt;
{{dhr}}
&lt;section begin=&quot;XV&quot;/&gt;{{c|{{sc|Cap. XV.}}}}
{{c|{{larger|''De Ianipaba eju{{s}}que facultatibus.'' }}}}

{{Is|V}}Na ex procerioribus Bra{{s}}ili{{ae}} arboribus e{{s}}t ''Ianipaba'': foliis l{{ae}}vibus, cubitum longis, {{et}} {{s}}aturate viridibus, qu{{ae}} {{s}}ingulis annis, men{{s}}e imprimis Decembris deponit, non omnia quidem {{s}}imul {{s}}ed partem illorum, diver{{s}}o tempore. Mox nova prioribus multo l{{ae}}tiora acquirit.

Ligno e{{s}}t duri{{s}}{{s}}imo {{et}} optimo. Florem gignit exiguum, men{{s}}e Martio {{et}} Aprili, c{{ae}}terum Narci{{s}}{{s}}o haud multum di{{s}}{{s}}imilem, odorem Caryophilli Carthu{{s}}ianorum {{ae}}mulatur; coloris albi, cum unguibus interius flavis: in medio floris {{s}}tamen cra{{s}}{{s}}iu{{s}}culum flavum habens, ac in{{s}}uper inter duo folia floris corniculum pallidum è medio floris prodiens, deor{{s}}um incurvatum.

Fructus illius magnitudinem habet mali Auraici, vel majorem, rotundus, cortice tenui, lento, cinereo, {{s}}ub quo primum continet carnem {{s}}olidam, lentam, {{s}}ucculentam, flave{{s}}centem, {{s}}aporis acidi, {{et}} refrigerantis, odoris grati. In medio autem fructus e{{s}}t cavitas repleta {{s}}eminibus molliori pulpa circumdatis, eju{{s}}dem cum reliqua carne {{s}}aporis. Seminis grana {{s}}unt compre{{s}}{{s}}a, {{et}} {{s}}uborbicularia, fere ut ''Mangaba'', qu{{ae}} una comeduntur. Immatura poma viridia {{s}}unt, mox matura, me{{s}}pilorum in{{s}}tar, putre{{s}}cunt atque e{{s}}ui apta fiunt, unde {{Gothica|lang=nl|Rott-appels}} à plebe no{{s}}trate appellantur. Cruda non cocta appetuntur: Saccharata {{et}} condita lautiora {{s}}unt. Contra fluxum ventris feliciter exhibentur. Ardores palati {{et}} {{s}}tomachi compe{{s}}cunt, {{s}}ani{{s}}que {{et}} {{ae}}gris {{s}}olatio {{s}}unt.

Vinum, quod ex illis exprimitur, in eo{{s}}dem u{{s}}us re{{s}}ervatur, {{s}}ed vetus redditum calidius ex{{s}}i{{s}}tit, minu{{s}}que ad{{s}}tringens.&lt;noinclude&gt;{{rh||''I 2''|Ex}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="3466" sha1="2ap8kiezj62aopy1uxpzxlpw215tjp8" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;2&quot; user=&quot;EnaldoSS&quot; /&gt;{{rh|68|{{sc|Gvilielmi Pisonis}}|}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;section begin=&quot;XV&quot;/&gt;Ex pomo nondum maturo vi ignis liquorem extrahunt barbari, quo adver{{s}}us eadem mala {{FI |file= |tsize=300px |float=right |margin-left=0.3em |margin-top=0.3em |margin-bottom=0.3em}} utuntur.

Ex pomi cortice immaturo pigmenti quoddam genus eliciunt, quod recens aqueum e{{s}}t, mox nigre{{s}}cit, quo corpus pingunt, ut ve{{s}}titum nigrum eminus, f{{ae}}do equidem {{s}}pectaculo, mentiantur. Nullum alium u{{s}}um hic {{s}}uccus habet, ad nequitias dumtaxat exogitatus. Tinctura enim illius corpori vel chart{{ae}} illita, circa nonum diem evane{{s}}cit; nulla alia ratione ablui pote{{s}}t.
&lt;section end=&quot;XV&quot;/&gt;
{{dhr}}
&lt;section begin=&quot;XVI&quot;/&gt;{{c|{{sc|Cap. XVI.}}}}
{{c|{{larger|''De Acaja qu{{ae}} {{et}} Ibametara.'' }}}}

{{Is|P}}Roceriorem, vetu{{s}}tiorem {{et}} frondo{{s}}iorem arborem, in Bra{{s}}ilia me vidi{{s}}{{s}}e vix memini. Cortice e{{s}}t cra{{s}}{{s}}o, rugo{{s}}o {{et}} è cinereo albicante, in{{s}}tar Sambuci.

Folia illius {{s}}unt l{{ae}}via, directe {{s}}ibi invicem oppo{{s}}ita, ad quatuor interdum digitos longa, circinata, {{s}}plendentia, {{et}} nucis juglandis foliis haud ab{{s}}imilia, verum acutiora; qu{{ae}} media {{ae}}tate deponit, novi{{s}}que ante hyemem decoratur, ut redintegrato qua{{s}}i robore fructum melius proferat. Flo{{s}}culos habet copio{{s}}os, in magno racemo conge{{s}}tos ex albo {{s}}ubflave{{s}}centes: po{{s}}t flores proveniunt pruna flava, no{{s}}tratium magnitudine {{et}} figura; pauc{{ae}} quidem, {{s}}ed {{s}}ucculent{{ae}} carnis: lapidem continentia magnum ex filamentis ligno{{s}}is, nec durum, {{s}}ed dentibus cedentem; qui nucleum continet in {{s}}e, ex albo flave{{s}}centem. Fructus hic grati e{{s}}t acoris, ac proinde inter tragemata locum {{s}}ibi vindicat. Hybernis men{{s}}ibus maturatur, {{ae}}tate media floret, {{et}} tunica tenaci ve{{s}}titur. Primo loco refrigerat {{et}} ad{{s}}tringit.

Folia, {{s}}ucci, oculi {{et}} cortex, externis juxta {{et}} internis affectibus medetur. His {{s}}uccedunt ''Aroeira'', Myrtus, ''Araca'', qu{{ae}} omnia in gargari{{s}}mum, contra gutturis inflammationem {{et}} {{s}}imilia mala pr{{ae}}parantur; vel in lavacro, contra multos externos pedum {{et}} corporis affectus adhibentur. Gemm{{ae}} pr{{ae}}terea hujus arboris in acetariis, febricitantibus pro{{s}}unt.

Peculiare habet h{{ae}}c ''Acaja'' arbor, quod volucres pic{{ae}} magnitudinis, nigris {{et}} aureis plumis eleganter ve{{s}}tit{{ae}}, in extremitatibus ramorum affabre {{et}} concinne pendulos {{s}}uos nidos con{{s}}truunt.
&lt;section end=&quot;XVI&quot;/&gt;
{{dhr}}
&lt;section begin=&quot;XVII&quot;/&gt;{{c|{{sc|Cap. XVII.}}}}
{{c|{{larger|''De Tapia arbore, eju{{s}}que facultatibus.'' }}}}

{{Is|I}}N Urbe Olinda, totaque fere pr{{ae}}fectura Parnambucen{{s}}i h{{ae}}c arbor na{{s}}citur, in fagi altitudinem a{{s}}{{s}}urgit, cortice l{{ae}}vi, cinereo; multos habet ramos; {{et}} folia in {{s}}ingulis pediculis tria {{s}}ibi invicem appo{{s}}ita, l{{ae}}via, {{s}}plendentia, {{s}}uperne {{s}}aturatiore, inferne dilutiore virore con{{s}}picua, quinque aut {{s}}ex digitos longa.

In extremitatibus ramulorum plures pediculi, cera{{s}}ini qua{{s}}i, collecti, in quorum quolibet flos na{{s}}citur, quatuor foliis con{{s}}tans albis {{et}} digitum longis, habetque cum his alternatim po{{s}}ita quatuor foliola vire{{s}}centia, inter qu{{ae}} ex{{s}}tant {{s}}taminula {{s}}ubruffa multa, circiter {{s}}e{{s}}quipedem longa.&lt;noinclude&gt;{{rh|||Licet}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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    <title>Pagina:Historia Naturalis Brasiliae (1648).pdf/87</title>
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      <text bytes="2492" sha1="mfkbjzt3buvu5agd531vtbst06qln4y" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;2&quot; user=&quot;EnaldoSS&quot; /&gt;{{rh||{{sc|de Facvltatibvs Simplicivm Lib. IV.}}|69}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;section begin=&quot;XVII&quot;/&gt;Licet autem h{{ae}}c arbor foliis fructibu{{s}}que malo A{{s}}{{s}}yri{{ae}} quam {{s}}imillima {{s}}it, tamen qualitate ab illa omnino di{{s}}crepat, quod exceptis foliis longe inferior {{s}}it. Quare Bra{{s}}ilianis pariter {{et}} no{{s}}tratibus, ob {{s}}ingularem efficaciam qu{{ae}} illis ine{{s}}t, vehementer extolluntur. Pr{{ae}}terquam enim, quod variis corporis affectibus {{s}}uccurrant, immodicos fervores leniunt, {{et}} atroci illi ani vitio, ''Bicho del culo'', dicto, mirum in modum {{s}}olatium adferunt: {{s}}uccus {{s}}iquidem foliorum contu{{s}}orum t{{ae}}darumque, tum {{s}}implex, tum compo{{s}}itus, ano inditus, jejuno refrigerio incendium re{{s}}tinguit, {{s}}qualorem ac immunditiem ab{{s}}tergit, {{et}} immanes dolores mitigat.

[[File:|center|300px]]

Pr{{ae}}ter h{{ae}}c folia illius contu{{s}}a {{et}} auribus indita re{{s}}tituunt dolores capitis ex calore natos, nullo accedente alio remedio.
&lt;section end=&quot;XVII&quot;/&gt;
{{dhr}}
&lt;section begin=&quot;XVIII&quot;/&gt;{{c|{{sc|Cap. XVIII.}}}}
{{c|{{larger|''De Araticu eju{{s}}que {{s}}peciebus {{et}} qualitatibus.'' }}}}

{{Is|A}}{{sc|Raticu}}, arborum Bra{{s}}ili{{ae}} indigenarum diver{{s}}{{ae}} dantur {{s}}pecies: quarum du{{ae}} qu{{ae}} ''Araticû-ponhe'', {{et}} ''Araticuapé'' à Bra{{s}}ilien{{s}}ibus dicuntur, parum differunt.

''Araticu-ponhe'' enim e{{s}}t arbor caudice, ramorum figura, corticis colore Auranti{{ae}} malo {{s}}imilis, {{s}}ed folia, flores {{et}} fructus differunt. Folia illius {{s}}emipedem circiter {{s}}unt longa, alternatim {{s}}ibi invicem oppo{{s}}ita, {{s}}uperius {{s}}aturatè virentia, {{s}}plendentia, inferius dilute viridia, cra{{s}}{{s}}a, {{et}} ad tactum {{s}}olida, duos circiter digitos lata {{et}} in extremitate acuminata. Hinc inde flos provenit magnus, totus flavus, compo{{s}}itus exterius {{et}} tribus foliis cordiformibus, {{s}}e{{s}}quidigitum longis, in{{s}}tar corticis mali aurantii, cra{{s}}{{s}}is, erectè {{s}}tantibus. H{{ae}}c in {{s}}e continent alia tria folia minora, quorum quodlibet {{s}}emiglobum excavatum refert; ita tamen inter {{s}}e compo{{s}}ita {{s}}unt, ut integrum globum, interius cavum, magnitudine nucis juglandis repr{{ae}}{{s}}entent; {{et}} in eo {{s}}tamen rotundum luteum cum apice {{s}}uo orbiculari. Flos totus flavus, {{s}}uavis primum odoris, {{s}}ed nau{{s}}eabundi. Floret men{{s}}ibus Septembri, Octobri, {{et}} Novembri. Flores&lt;noinclude&gt;{{rh||''I 3''|multi}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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    <title>Pagina:Historia Naturalis Brasiliae (1648).pdf/88</title>
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      <text bytes="3467" sha1="ehp37mvzqvt9wy3rthnawefqt3nka47" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;2&quot; user=&quot;EnaldoSS&quot; /&gt;{{rh|70|{{sc|Gvilielmi Pisonis}}|}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;section begin=&quot;XVIII&quot;/&gt;multi {{s}}ingulis diebus {{s}}e aperiunt, {{et}} mox {{s}}ponte decidentes, ob gravitatem, {{s}}trepitum inter cadendum edunt.

''Araticu-ape'' fere per omnia huic e{{s}}t {{s}}imilis: utr{{ae}}que poma ex acido dulcia proferunt, {{FI |file= |tsize=300px |float=right |margin-left=0.3em |margin-top=0.3em |margin-bottom=0.3em}} e{{s}}culenta, {{s}}ed {{s}}ilve{{s}}tria {{et}} frigida, {{et}} propterea quibu{{s}}dam non expetita. Figura {{et}} magnitudine nucis pine{{ae}}, flave{{s}}centia, {{s}}ub{{s}}tantia {{et}} carne intus molliori, {{s}}eminibus ex fulvo nigricantibus turgida.

De Medica harum qualitate vix quicquam mihi con{{s}}tat, ni{{s}}i quod folia ''Araticu'' maxime communis, in oleo olivarum macerata {{et}} apo{{s}}themati applicata, tumorem emolliant, extergantque.

Illa autem arbor qu{{ae}} ''Araticu pana'' vocatur, c{{ae}}teris {{s}}imilis e{{s}}t, ni{{s}}i quod magnitudine differt: Flore enim, fructu, ligno {{et}} folio quoque e{{s}}t minore, {{et}} cre{{s}}cit in locis palu{{s}}tribus; c{{ae}}ter{{ae}} vero in {{s}}ilvis con{{s}}piciuntur, e{{ae}}que infinit{{ae}}, pr{{ae}}{{s}}ertim circa pagum ''Iguaraçu''.

Arbor h{{ae}}c magnitudine {{et}} foliis e{{s}}t in{{s}}tar citrii, {{s}}ed magis cra{{s}}{{s}}is {{et}} {{s}}ature virentibus, flore pleno {{et}} jucunde flave{{s}}cente: fructu, {{s}}icut reliqu{{ae}} ''Araticu'', {{s}}quamo{{s}}o {{et}} conatim de{{s}}cendente; cui tantum ine{{s}}{{s}}e frigoris perhibent, ut crebro ve{{s}}centes interimat, quamobrem inter venena habetur.

Radix illius levi{{s}}{{s}}ima e{{s}}t, in{{s}}tar {{s}}uberis, tant{{ae}}que magnitudinis, ut integri clypei ex illa fiant, qui mollioris {{et}} tenacioris cum {{s}}int ligni, telum immi{{s}}{{s}}um, licet à valido lacerto, mordicus retinent, ne facile retrahantur.

Notatu autem dignum, arboris hujus in paludibus cre{{s}}centis radicem profunde in terram de{{s}}cendere (quod tamen in aliis Bra{{s}}ili{{ae}} arboribus haud facile con{{s}}picias) unde credibile, noxiam hanc frigidamque qualitatem, qua fructum nocere con{{s}}tat, ex infe{{s}}to terr{{ae}} frigore acquirere.
&lt;section end=&quot;XVIII&quot;/&gt;
{{dhr}}
&lt;section begin=&quot;XIX&quot;/&gt;{{c|{{sc|Cap. XIX.}}}}
{{c|{{larger|''De Caaroba arbore eju{{s}}que qualitatibus.'' }}}}

{{Is|C}}''Aaroba'' {{s}}ilve{{s}}tris {{et}} procera arbor, terris tantum {{s}}olidis {{et}} glebo{{s}}is in Pr{{ae}}fectura Parnambucen{{s}}i delectatur. Florem fert è c{{oe}}ruleo purpura{{s}}centem idque men{{s}}e Julio: Semen autem nigricans, quod mature{{s}}cit men{{s}}e Septembri: fructum rarum, {{s}}ed inutilem, pha{{s}}eolo maximo {{s}}imilem, qui maturus factus aperitur, manetque vacuus.

Ejus folia oblonga {{s}}unt, lingu{{ae}} figurâ, dilutè viridia, nervo {{s}}ecundum longitudinem {{et}} co{{s}}tis obliquis eminentibus pr{{ae}}dita. Gu{{s}}tu {{s}}unt amara; {{s}}iccata {{et}} contu{{s}}a fomentis ac balneis peridonea. Qu{{ae}} ex illis conficiuntur remedia, {{s}}ive internè a{{s}}{{s}}umta, ex{{s}}iccandi, mundificandi {{et}} {{s}}anandi vi pollent: quod feliciter in plurimis morbis, imprimis autem in Lue Venerea curanda, {{s}}um expertus. Eadem trita atque in empla{{s}}trum pr{{ae}}parata, ulceribu{{s}}que applicata, mirifice pro{{s}}unt, morbumque radicitus {{s}}{{ae}}pe expugnant. Pr{{ae}}{{s}}ertim, {{s}}i repurgato primum corpore, eorum decoctum per aliquot dies bibatur, {{et}} {{s}}udores provocentur.&lt;noinclude&gt;{{rh|||{{sc|Cap.}}}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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    <title>Pagina:Historia Naturalis Brasiliae (1648).pdf/89</title>
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      <text bytes="3564" sha1="kwxjs9haipgxnw1dhnkuelr1c3z79k0" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;2&quot; user=&quot;EnaldoSS&quot; /&gt;{{rh||{{sc|de Facvltatibvs Simplicivm Lib. IV.}}|71}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{dhr}}
&lt;section begin=&quot;XX&quot;/&gt;{{c|{{sc|Cap. XX.}}}}
{{c|{{larger|''De Embira {{s}}eu Pindaiba; eju{{s}}que facultatibus.'' }}}}

{{Is|S}}Equitur nunc {{s}}ilve{{s}}tris h{{ae}}c arbor ''Embira'', {{s}}ive ''Pindaiba'' dicta Bra{{s}}ilien{{s}}ibus, juxta Olind{{ae}} promontorium {{s}}pecio{{s}}e ut plurimum na{{s}}cens, {{et}} ob acrimoniam fructus, c{{ae}}tera{{s}}que qualitates piperis Bra{{s}}ilien{{s}}is {{ae}}mula. Folia fert exigua {{et}} acuminata, {{et}} Oliv{{ae}} foliis {{s}}imillima: lignum ejus e{{s}}t tenue. Procera e{{s}}t admodum arbor, {{et}} in {{s}}ummam altitudinem recta a{{s}}{{s}}urgit. {{FI |file= |tsize=300px |float=left |margin-right=0.3em |margin-top=0.3em |margin-bottom=0.3em}} Men{{s}}ibus pluviis acini illius virent, {{s}}ed mature{{s}}centes men{{s}}ibus Decembri {{et}} Januario rubent, atque decidunt, qui {{s}}i fuerint de{{s}}iccati, nigre{{s}}cunt, uruntque linguam ma{{s}}ticata, {{et}} aromaticum quid {{s}}apiunt, ablato {{s}}emine nigro oblongo, quod in illis continetur, quod Juniperum redolet.

A jejunis manducata {{s}}tomachum debilem corroborant {{et}} di{{s}}cutiunt flatus. Tum contu{{s}}a {{et}} applicata mor{{s}}ibus {{s}}erpentum medentur.

Excoquuntur ut re{{s}}erventur in officinis. Culinis quoque vicem piperis pr{{ae}}{{s}}tant.

Ex Arboris denique corticibus, funes igniarii, quo milites ignem fovent, conficiuntur.
&lt;section end=&quot;XX&quot;/&gt;
{{dhr}}
&lt;section begin=&quot;XXI&quot;/&gt;{{c|{{sc|Cap. XXI.}}}}
{{c|{{larger|''De Ibiraee arbore, eju{{s}}que facultatibus.'' }}}}

{{Is|A}}Ntiqua nemora hanc va{{s}}tam {{et}} proceram arborem producunt. Indigen{{ae}} ''Ibiraee'', id e{{s}}t, Lignum dulce, non autem ''Hiouraee'', ut Lerius {{et}} Thevetus prodiderunt, appellant.

Folia hujus arboris Laurum pror{{s}}us {{ae}}mulantur. Truncus cortice glabro, intus albicante, exterius rube{{s}}cente {{s}}pectatur.

Fructus fert flave{{s}}centes prunis {{s}}imiles, grati{{s}}{{s}}imique {{s}}aporis, verum non quotannis.

Ligno e{{s}}t pr{{ae}}{{s}}tanti{{s}}{{s}}imo {{et}} pr{{ae}}duro, {{et}} putredini re{{s}}i{{s}}tente quod à Naupegis expetitur.

Arboris hujus virtutes auxiliatrices {{s}}oli cortici ine{{s}}{{s}}e creduntur, qui recens avul{{s}}us, liquorem albicantem {{s}}ibi agglutinatum habet, cujus color mox perditur, paulatimque decre{{s}}cit, {{et}} cortice {{s}}imul ex{{s}}iccato, in naturam {{et}} dulcem illius {{s}}ub{{s}}tantiam abit. Duri{{s}}{{s}}imus exi{{s}}tit, {{s}}emidigitali cra{{s}}{{s}}itie, {{s}}apore aromatico cinnamomum, dulcedine Glycirizam {{ae}}quans. Sunt qui ''Guiaci'' {{s}}eu ligni {{s}}ancti {{s}}peciem e{{s}}{{s}}e contendunt, à quibus non di{{s}}{{s}}entio. Moderate calidus e{{s}}t {{et}} tenuium partium, quapropter pectoris {{et}} jecinoris affectibus optime convenit. Pr{{ae}}cipuum enim incolarum refugium e{{s}}t in veteribus vi{{s}}cerum ob{{s}}tructionibus, ut jam diximus: tum quoque adver{{s}}us Luem Veneream, eximium remedium {{s}}ubmini{{s}}trat decoctum illius ex aqua fontana, palato quidem non ingratum, per aliquot dies reiteratum.

Pugillus denique, ventriculo adhuc jejuno, ex ovo {{s}}orbili, ju{{s}}culo aut aliquo conveniente liquore a{{s}}{{s}}umtus, bronchia pulmonis aperit, {{et}} ce{{s}}{{s}}antem quoque urinam educit. Quapropter omnibus artis Medic{{ae}} indagatoribus {{s}}ua{{s}}or fuerim, ut corticem hunc in ulteriores u{{s}}us reponant. Succus autem lacteus ex recenti cortice expre{{s}}{{s}}us, {{s}}cabiei {{et}} tine{{ae}} capitis, pr{{ae}} c{{ae}}teris medetur.&lt;noinclude&gt;{{rh|||{{sc|Cap,}}}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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      <comment>/* Nondum emendata */ Paginam instituit, scribens 'Henricus, rex Angliae [et] dux Normanniae, arch[iepiscopis, episcopis, abbatibus,] comitibus, baronibus, jus[tic]iis, vicecomitibus, ministris et omnibus fidelibus suis totius Angliae et Normanniae, salutem. Sciatis me concesisse Deo et Sancto Stephano de Cadomo [et] monachis ibidem Deo [servientibus], pro salute animae meae, uxoris, filiorum ac parentum meorum et antecessorum, quicquid rex Willelmus, pater meus, praedictae ecclesiae dedit et...</comment>
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et Sancto Stephano de Cadomo [et] monachis ibidem Deo [servientibus], pro salute animae meae, uxoris, filiorum ac parentum meorum et antecessorum, quicquid rex Willelmus, pater meus, praedictae ecclesiae dedit et concessit sicut cartae illius testantur et
quicquid datione vel emptione seu commutatione adquisiverunt t[emp]ore illius et meo. Quare volo et [fir]miter precipio quod illa omnia tene[a]nt b[en]e et in pace, libere et quiete et honirifice, cum omnibus pertinentibus suis, in bosco
et plano, in pratis et paschuis (sic), in viis et semitis, in aquis et molendinis, in piscariis et in omnibus re[bu]s, cum [om]nibus libertatibus et dignitatibus et consuetudinibus, cum quibus melius et liberius tenuerunt, tempore regis Willelmi patris
mei et meo, scilicet Ros, Sceus, Alemanniam, cum membris suis, scilicet Stavell[is], Icio, Fulberfol[ia], Borgesbu, Bracio, cum terra quam ibi tenuit Willelmus de Landa, et in Goisbertivilla, Pontem Divae, Cadburgum, partem quoque burgi in qua praefatum
monasterium constructum est, a muro in directum, oc[cid]entem versus, sicut via protenditur, qua a Veteri Beati Stephani monasterio ad urbem Baiocensem itur, et ea quoque [vi]a qua itur ad Britivillam Sancti Michaelis, cum terris et omnibus consuetudi-
-nibus de eodem burgo ad me pertinentibus, excepto quod extranei mercatores de omnibus quae secunda feria ibi ement et venundabunt, tamdiu quamdiu thelonearius ad stationem suam sedebit et mercatores in communi mercato erunt, thelo-
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et Sancto Stephano de Cadomo [et] monachis ibidem Deo [servientibus], pro salute animae meae, uxoris, filiorum ac parentum meorum et antecessorum, quicquid rex Willelmus, pater meus, praedictae ecclesiae dedit et concessit sicut cartae illius testantur et
quicquid datione vel emptione seu commutatione adquisiverunt t[emp]ore illius et meo. Quare volo et [fir]miter precipio quod illa omnia tene[a]nt b[en]e et in pace, libere et quiete et honirifice, cum omnibus pertinentibus suis, in bosco
et plano, in pratis et paschuis (sic), in viis et semitis, in aquis et molendinis, in piscariis et in omnibus re[bu]s, cum [om]nibus libertatibus et dignitatibus et consuetudinibus, cum quibus melius et liberius tenuerunt, tempore regis Willelmi patris
mei et meo, scilicet Ros, Sceus, Alemanniam, cum membris suis, scilicet Stavell[is], Icio, Fulberfol[ia], Borgesbu, Bracio, cum terra quam ibi tenuit Willelmus de Landa, et in Goisbertivilla, Pontem Divae, Cadburgum, partem quoque burgi in qua praefatum
monasterium constructum est, a muro in directum, oc[cid]entem versus, sicut via protenditur, qua a Veteri Beati Stephani monasterio ad urbem Baiocensem itur, et ea quoque [vi]a qua itur ad Britivillam Sancti Michaelis, cum terris et omnibus consuetudi-
-nibus de eodem burgo ad me pertinentibus, excepto quod extranei mercatores de omnibus quae secunda feria ibi ement et venundabunt, tamdiu quamdiu thelonearius ad stationem suam sedebit et mercatores in communi mercato erunt, thelo-
-neum ministris qui majori burgo praeerunt apportabunt, de singulis plaustris et asinis quae venalia ligna ferant, lignum unum, Villarium cum omni territori suo et de eodem hominum servitia, ut servientes mei qui ibi manent
michi servant et propter servitium monachorumser[viti]um meum non remaneat. In magno quoque burgo, domum Turstini Legrini, quietam ab omni consuetudine, cum tribus jugeris terrae, et medietatem molendini quam habebat apud Mon-
-tem Actum, et domum molendini de Darnestal cum ipso molendino, et molendinum quod fuit Rainardi, haec omnia quieta ab omni consuetudine. Et de pratis juris mei tria jugera ad Hulmum, pratum de Berendac, praeterea quae
ad supradictas villas, scilicet Ros et Ceus pertinent, alveum veteris Ulduni a villa Venuntio usque in Olnam fluvium, cum tribus molendinis in eodem factis. Terram Willelmi Pavoth quam tenuit Cadomi et Clivillae. In territorio Cadomi, 
feriam trium dierum, ita ut quotiens quilibet horum trium dierum in secunda feria venerit totum mercatum Magni Burgi sit Sancti Stephani, et ecclesiam Sancti Nicholai liberam et quietam,&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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      <id>285720</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-10-27T11:03:22Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="5718" sha1="22c1gibizgzczexwb06467r2ltnk4hi" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;1&quot; user=&quot;AD14-LS&quot; /&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;Henricus, rex Angliae [et] dux Normanniae, arch[iepiscopis, episcopis, abbatibus,] comitibus, baronibus, jus[tic]iis, vicecomitibus, ministris et omnibus fidelibus suis totius Angliae et Normanniae, salutem. Sciatis me concesisse Deo
et Sancto Stephano de Cadomo [et] monachis ibidem Deo [servientibus], pro salute animae meae, uxoris, filiorum ac parentum meorum et antecessorum, quicquid rex Willelmus, pater meus, praedictae ecclesiae dedit et concessit sicut cartae illius testantur et
quicquid datione vel emptione seu commutatione adquisiverunt t[emp]ore illius et meo. Quare volo et [fir]miter precipio quod illa omnia tene[a]nt b[en]e et in pace, libere et quiete et honirifice, cum omnibus pertinentibus suis, in bosco
et plano, in pratis et paschuis (sic), in viis et semitis, in aquis et molendinis, in piscariis et in omnibus re[bu]s, cum [om]nibus libertatibus et dignitatibus et consuetudinibus, cum quibus melius et liberius tenuerunt, tempore regis Willelmi patris
mei et meo, scilicet Ros, Sceus, Alemanniam, cum membris suis, scilicet Stavell[is], Icio, Fulberfol[ia], Borgesbu, Bracio, cum terra quam ibi tenuit Willelmus de Landa, et in Goisbertivilla, Pontem Divae, Cadburgum, partem quoque burgi in qua praefatum
monasterium constructum est, a muro in directum, oc[cid]entem versus, sicut via protenditur, qua a Veteri Beati Stephani monasterio ad urbem Baiocensem itur, et ea quoque [vi]a qua itur ad Britivillam Sancti Michaelis, cum terris et omnibus consuetudi-
-nibus de eodem burgo ad me pertinentibus, excepto quod extranei mercatores de omnibus quae secunda feria ibi ement et venundabunt, tamdiu quamdiu thelonearius ad stationem suam sedebit et mercatores in communi mercato erunt, thelo-
-neum ministris qui majori burgo praeerunt apportabunt, de singulis plaustris et asinis quae venalia ligna ferant, lignum unum, Villarium cum omni territori suo et de eodem hominum servitia, ut servientes mei qui ibi manent
michi servant et propter servitium monachorumser[viti]um meum non remaneat. In magno quoque burgo, domum Turstini Legrini, quietam ab omni consuetudine, cum tribus jugeris terrae, et medietatem molendini quam habebat apud Mon-
-tem Actum, et domum molendini de Darnestal cum ipso molendino, et molendinum quod fuit Rainardi, haec omnia quieta ab omni consuetudine. Et de pratis juris mei tria jugera ad Hulmum, pratum de Berendac, praeterea quae
ad supradictas villas, scilicet Ros et Ceus pertinent, alveum veteris Ulduni a villa Venuntio usque in Olnam fluvium, cum tribus molendinis in eodem factis. Terram Willelmi Pavoth quam tenuit Cadomi et Clivillae. In territorio Cadomi, 
feriam trium dierum, ita ut quotiens quilibet horum trium dierum in secunda feria venerit totum mercatum Magni Burgi sit Sancti Stephani, et ecclesiam Sancti Nicholai liberam et quietam, ecclesiam Sancti Audoeni de Vileriis, cum tota terra
quam dedit Milo Marescallus in maridagio cum filia sua Erfasto, in territorio Venunti et Cadomi et Valcellis, totam terram cum pratis Osberni Hasculi, totam etiam terram quam tenuit Girardus Marescallus Cadomi, tam in alodio quam in 
foedio, medietatem quoque aecclesiae Sancti Michaelis, cum medietate decimae ad eadem aecclesiam pertinente, quam dedit cenobio jamdicto Radulfus presbiter ut monachus fieret, concedente Hugone de Grentemainil, de cujus foedio eat. Terram etiam
Grentonis Haterel, quietam ab omni consuetudine. Terram quoquae fuit Guncelini presbiteri, et tria jugera terrae quae dedit Odelinus Sutor pro praebenda sua. Domum quoque dedit Rannulfus molendinarius, post obitum suum, cum
duobus jugeribus terrae quae a Radulfo infante emerat, partem quoque terrae quam habebat Willelmus filius Harderedi, circa fossatum per quod naves ascendunt in hortum Sancti Stephani, quam emit ab eo G[islebertus] abbas, et scissuram ejusdem fossati, quam
emit idem ab eodem, aliam quoque partem ejusdem terrae ultra fossatum, quam emerat ante Willelmus abbas ab eodem, ad alveum molendini. Concedo etiam ut omnes naves in quibus res Sancti Stephani erunt vel famulorum monasterii, sive ipsae
res emptae sint ad pontem Cadomi, sive undecunque advectae, secure et sine omni licentia ministrorum meorum et sine omni disturbatione cujuscunque occasionis ducantur in predictum fossatum et reducantur, juxta commoditatem monachorum.
Res vero burgensium Sancti Stephani eodem modo ducantur et reducantur, non in navibus, sed in batellis, homini quoque qui navem Sancti Stephiani ducit concedo unam navem ire et redire sicut navem Sancti Stephani. Burgum autem quod eidem sancto pater meus dedit,
concedo ut ita sit liberum, solidum et quietum, sicut habeo meum, et omnes consuetudines, quas habeo in meo, habeat sanctus in suo, ne prohibeatur unquam aliquis mercator, undecunque veniat, cum omnibus mercibus vel negationibus suis venire in
ipsum burgum, hospitari, aut redire inde secure et sine omni disturbamento meorum ministrorum, reddito ministris Sancti Stephani theloneo negotiationis suae. Similiter eant securi homines de eodem burgo, cum transierint mare, quicquid portent,
et ubicunque illud accipiant quod portent. Concedo etiam sancto Stephano homines de Ros et ceus liberos, solidos et quietos ab omni exercitu et carrugio et gelth et collecta, ut expediti sint ad paranda et portanda cibaria et omnia alia
necessaria monachis inibi Deo servientibus, et ut omnis qui aliquid ad proprium opus Sancti Stephani vendiderit quietus sit a theloneo ipsius rei quam vendiderit, et ad vendendum non attendat licentiam cujuslibet ministri mei ; eodem modo sit quietus
a theloneo qui aliquid emerit de propria re Sancti Stephani, vel famulorum monasterii, et cui datum fuerit aliquid de propria re ipsius sancti, si oportuerit eum transire per Cadomum&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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      <id>285721</id>
      <parentid>285720</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-27T11:54:49Z</timestamp>
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        <username>AD14-LS</username>
        <id>32676</id>
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      <text bytes="7739" sha1="spq3ghzdv9fxbykyso3evj8o62odgmd" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;pagequality level=&quot;1&quot; user=&quot;AD14-LS&quot; /&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;Henricus, rex Angliae [et] dux Normanniae, arch[iepiscopis, episcopis, abbatibus,] comitibus, baronibus, jus[tic]iis, vicecomitibus, ministris et omnibus fidelibus suis totius Angliae et Normanniae, salutem. Sciatis me concesisse Deo
et Sancto Stephano de Cadomo [et] monachis ibidem Deo [servientibus], pro salute animae meae, uxoris, filiorum ac parentum meorum et antecessorum, quicquid rex Willelmus, pater meus, praedictae ecclesiae dedit et concessit sicut cartae illius testantur et
quicquid datione vel emptione seu commutatione adquisiverunt t[emp]ore illius et meo. Quare volo et [fir]miter precipio quod illa omnia tene[a]nt b[en]e et in pace, libere et quiete et honirifice, cum omnibus pertinentibus suis, in bosco
et plano, in pratis et paschuis (sic), in viis et semitis, in aquis et molendinis, in piscariis et in omnibus re[bu]s, cum [om]nibus libertatibus et dignitatibus et consuetudinibus, cum quibus melius et liberius tenuerunt, tempore regis Willelmi patris
mei et meo, scilicet Ros, Sceus, Alemanniam, cum membris suis, scilicet Stavell[is], Icio, Fulberfol[ia], Borgesbu, Bracio, cum terra quam ibi tenuit Willelmus de Landa, et in Goisbertivilla, Pontem Divae, Cadburgum, partem quoque burgi in qua praefatum
monasterium constructum est, a muro in directum, oc[cid]entem versus, sicut via protenditur, qua a Veteri Beati Stephani monasterio ad urbem Baiocensem itur, et ea quoque [vi]a qua itur ad Britivillam Sancti Michaelis, cum terris et omnibus consuetudi-
-nibus de eodem burgo ad me pertinentibus, excepto quod extranei mercatores de omnibus quae secunda feria ibi ement et venundabunt, tamdiu quamdiu thelonearius ad stationem suam sedebit et mercatores in communi mercato erunt, thelo-
-neum ministris qui majori burgo praeerunt apportabunt, de singulis plaustris et asinis quae venalia ligna ferant, lignum unum, Villarium cum omni territori suo et de eodem hominum servitia, ut servientes mei qui ibi manent
michi servant et propter servitium monachorumser[viti]um meum non remaneat. In magno quoque burgo, domum Turstini Legrini, quietam ab omni consuetudine, cum tribus jugeris terrae, et medietatem molendini quam habebat apud Mon-
-tem Actum, et domum molendini de Darnestal cum ipso molendino, et molendinum quod fuit Rainardi, haec omnia quieta ab omni consuetudine. Et de pratis juris mei tria jugera ad Hulmum, pratum de Berendac, praeterea quae
ad supradictas villas, scilicet Ros et Ceus pertinent, alveum veteris Ulduni a villa Venuntio usque in Olnam fluvium, cum tribus molendinis in eodem factis. Terram Willelmi Pavoth quam tenuit Cadomi et Clivillae. In territorio Cadomi, 
feriam trium dierum, ita ut quotiens quilibet horum trium dierum in secunda feria venerit totum mercatum Magni Burgi sit Sancti Stephani, et ecclesiam Sancti Nicholai liberam et quietam, ecclesiam Sancti Audoeni de Vileriis, cum tota terra
quam dedit Milo Marescallus in maridagio cum filia sua Erfasto, in territorio Venunti et Cadomi et Valcellis, totam terram cum pratis Osberni Hasculi, totam etiam terram quam tenuit Girardus Marescallus Cadomi, tam in alodio quam in 
foedio, medietatem quoque aecclesiae Sancti Michaelis, cum medietate decimae ad eadem aecclesiam pertinente, quam dedit cenobio jamdicto Radulfus presbiter ut monachus fieret, concedente Hugone de Grentemainil, de cujus foedio eat. Terram etiam
Grentonis Haterel, quietam ab omni consuetudine. Terram quoquae fuit Guncelini presbiteri, et tria jugera terrae quae dedit Odelinus Sutor pro praebenda sua. Domum quoque dedit Rannulfus molendinarius, post obitum suum, cum
duobus jugeribus terrae quae a Radulfo infante emerat, partem quoque terrae quam habebat Willelmus filius Harderedi, circa fossatum per quod naves ascendunt in hortum Sancti Stephani, quam emit ab eo G[islebertus] abbas, et scissuram ejusdem fossati, quam
emit idem ab eodem, aliam quoque partem ejusdem terrae ultra fossatum, quam emerat ante Willelmus abbas ab eodem, ad alveum molendini. Concedo etiam ut omnes naves in quibus res Sancti Stephani erunt vel famulorum monasterii, sive ipsae
res emptae sint ad pontem Cadomi, sive undecunque advectae, secure et sine omni licentia ministrorum meorum et sine omni disturbatione cujuscunque occasionis ducantur in predictum fossatum et reducantur, juxta commoditatem monachorum.
Res vero burgensium Sancti Stephani eodem modo ducantur et reducantur, non in navibus, sed in batellis, homini quoque qui navem Sancti Stephiani ducit concedo unam navem ire et redire sicut navem Sancti Stephani. Burgum autem quod eidem sancto pater meus dedit,
concedo ut ita sit liberum, solidum et quietum, sicut habeo meum, et omnes consuetudines, quas habeo in meo, habeat sanctus in suo, ne prohibeatur unquam aliquis mercator, undecunque veniat, cum omnibus mercibus vel negationibus suis venire in
ipsum burgum, hospitari, aut redire inde secure et sine omni disturbamento meorum ministrorum, reddito ministris Sancti Stephani theloneo negotiationis suae. Similiter eant securi homines de eodem burgo, cum transierint mare, quicquid portent,
et ubicunque illud accipiant quod portent. Concedo etiam sancto Stephano homines de Ros et ceus liberos, solidos et quietos ab omni exercitu et carrugio et gelth et collecta, ut expediti sint ad paranda et portanda cibaria et omnia alia
necessaria monachis inibi Deo servientibus, et ut omnis qui aliquid ad proprium opus Sancti Stephani vendiderit quietus sit a theloneo ipsius rei quam vendiderit, et ad vendendum non attendat licentiam cujuslibet ministri mei ; eodem modo sit quietus
a theloneo qui aliquid emerit de propria re Sancti Stephani, vel famulorum monasterii, et cui datum fuerit aliquid de propria re ipsius sancti, si oportuerit eum transire per Cadomum, transeat libere sine omni impedimento thelonei. Similiter
sint quieti ab omni theloneo et consuetudine omnes qui sunt de proprio victu Sancti Stephani et clerici de Sancto Nicholao. In territorio Britivillae concedo alodium quem (sic) Rogerius Calvus ibi tenuit, alodium quoque quod Lupus tenuit in Billeto et 
in Walmereto, cum parte aecclesiae ad eum pertinente ; centum quoque jugera terrae quae tenuit Hunfredus de Solariis in Grentivilla, in alodio, de patre meo, quieta ab omni consuetudine ; alodium etiam Rogeri de Burgesbu, in quo sita fuit domus
sua, cum toto amaisimento suo, et sex jugera alodii quae tenuit Willelmus frater ejus in eodem territorio, quieta ab omni consuetudine ; et terram quam tenuit Codelboudus de Maigneio in Bracio, totum etiam alodium Ansfridi de Polceio et nepotum
ejus, quod est in Algia, tam apud sanctum Petrum ad Ivos quam in aliis locis, quietam ab omni gravaria et bernagio ; et tres domos Odonis Salultra, quas tenuit Baiocis et Cadomi, quarum duae quietae sunt ab omni consuetudine, illa
videlicet quae est Baiocis et illa quae est in castello Cadomi. Concedo etiam .X. jugera terrae, quae tenuit de patre meo in alodio Ansfridus Bos in Cressetot. Concedo quoque alodium quod tenuit de patre meo Hamelinus de Galemantia in Camb[is], ecclesiam etiam et
terram Hugonis de Matrevilla, quam dedit Hugo Cuieii sanscto Stephano ; in territorio Curleii terram Willelmi camerarii ; in territorio Badventi vineam cum domo vinitoris, quam Hubertus Dapifer habuit ; in Barbeflot, .II. mansuras terrae ; in territorio
[de] Boseval, alodium Radulfi filii Anseridi ; in Vileriis et in Mara terram quam ibi tenuit Willelmus Crassus. Concedo silvam de Malo Pertuso et de Torta Valle et de Folonia et de Caisneto, cum aquis et terris seu omnibus ad eas pertinentibus, hac conditione
servata ut monachi ipsius cenobii ipsas silvas nullo tempore destruant propter ipsam terram colendam sive inhabitandam, retentis in meo dominio cervis, capreolis et apris silvestribus ; decimam de Fredernacho,&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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