Vicipedia lfnwiki https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paje_xef MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.10 first-letter Media Spesial Discute Usor Usor Discute Vicipedia Vicipedia Discute Fix Fix Discute MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Model Model Discute Aida Aida Discute Categoria Categoria Discute TimedText TimedText talk Modulo Modulo Discute Event Event talk Jesus Cristo 0 1280 43271 43264 2026-07-09T19:20:24Z Elefentistenova 13358 43271 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Biografia | imaje = Spas vsederzhitel sinay (cropped1).jpg | descrive = La [[Cristo Pantocrator (Sinai)|Cristo Pantocrator]] de la [[Monceria de San Catalina de Monte Sinai]] a [[Monte Sinai]], sentenio 6 ec | nase = 6 a 4 aec, [[rena de Herod]], Impero Roman | mori = 30 o 33 ec, [[Ieruxalim]], [[Iudea]], Impero Roman | profesa = carpentor, predicor iudi }} '''Jesus''' (s 6 a 4 aec - 30 o 33 ec),{{efn|{{lang|grc|Ἰησοῦς}}, {{peti|romanida:}} {{transleteri|grc|Iēsoús}}, probable de {{langx|he|יֵשׁוּעַ|label=[[ivri (lingua)|ivri]] o [[arami (lingua)|arami]]}}, {{peti|romanida:}} {{transleteri|und|[[Yeshua|Yēšūaʿ]]}} }} ci on nomi ance '''Jesus Cristo''',{{efn|[[copta (lingua)|copta]]: {{lang|cop|Ⲓⲏⲥⲟⲩⲥ Ⲡⲓⲭ́ρⲓⲥτⲟⲥ}}; [[itiopica]]: {{lang|gez|መሲህ ኢየሱስ}}; [[coine|elinica]]: {{lang|grc|Ἰησοῦς Χριστός}}; [[ivri (lingua)|ivri]]: {{lang|hbo|ישוע המשיח}}; [[latina (lingua)|latina]]: {{lang|la|Iesus Christus}}; [[slavonica vea eglesal|slavonica]]: {{lang|cu|І҆исоу́съ Хрїсто́съ}}; [[siriaca clasica|siriaca]]: {{lang|syc|ܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܺܝܚܳܐ}}}}, '''Jesus de Nazaret''' e otra nomes e titulos variosa, ia es un predicor [[iudisme|iudi]] e [[Jesus en cristianisme|xef relijiosa]] de la sentenio prima en la provinse roman [[Iudea]].{{sfn|Vermes|1981|pp=20, 26, 27, 29}} El es la figur sentral de [[cristianisme]], la relijio la plu grande de la mundo. La plu de ramos de cristianisme regarda Jesus como la [[incarne (cristianism)|incarne]] de [[Dio la Fio]] e la [[Maxia]] o [[Cristo]] espetada. La [[Evanjelio]]s, spesial la cuatro Evanjelios canonal de la [[Atesta Nova]], conteni la naras de la vive de Jesus. De la [[Lumina]], rexerca academial ia produi vistas diversa sur la fidablia istorial de la Evanjelios e la grado a cual los refleta la Jesus istorial,{{sfn|Powell|1998|pp=168–173}}{{efn|Ehrman scrive: "La mundo academial comparti jeneral la idea ce la naras de la evanjelios no es intera esata ma remane importante per la verias relijiosa cual los atenta comunica, an si persones estra de lo no conose o crede lo tan vasta."<ref>Bart D. Ehrman. [http://www.thegreatcourses.com/courses/historical-jesus.html Historical Jesus. 'Prophet of the New Millennium']. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123155853/https://www.thegreatcourses.com/courses/historical-jesus.html |date=23 January 2019 |arcivo=1}} Course handbook, p. 10 (Lecture Three. V. B.), The Teaching Company, 2000, Lecture 24</ref><br />Sanders scrive: "La cristianes la plu temprana no ia scrive un nara de la vive de Jesus, ma plu esata los ia usa, e donce ia conserva, unias individua - pasajes corta sur sua parolas e atas. Plu tarda, autores e editores ia move e ordina esta unias. [...] Cristianes temprana ia revisa alga materias e ia crea otras."{{sfn|Sanders|1993|p=57}}}}{{Sfn|Bowman Jr.|Komoszewski|2019|p=22–23}}<ref>{{Cite journal|author-first1=Craig A. |author-last1=Evans|url=https://theologicalstudies.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/54.1.1.pdf|title=Life-of-Jesus Research and the Eclipse of Mythology|journal=Theological Studies |volume=54 |year=1993|pages= 13–14|quote=First, the New Testament Gospels are now viewed as useful, if not essentially reliable, historical sources. Gone is the extreme skepticism that for so many years dominated gospel research. Representative of many is the position of E. P. Sanders and Marcus Borg, who have concluded that it is possible to recover a fairly reliable picture of the historical Jesus.}}</ref> ma cuasi tota eruditas moderna de [[anticia clasica|anticia]] acorda ce Jesus ia esiste istorial.{{efn |name=exist|En un resenia de 2011 sur la state de eruditia moderna, [[Bart D. Ehrman]] ia scrive: "Sin duta el ia esiste, como cuasi cada erudita capas de la antica clasica, cristian o noncristian, acorda."{{sfn|Ehrman|2011|p=[https://archive.org/details/forged_ehrm_2011_000_10544376/page/n298 285]}} [[Richard A. Burridge]] declara: "Algas argumenta ce Jesus es mera un produida de la imajina de la Eglesa, e ce Jesus is esiste nunca. Me debe dise ce me conose no erudita criticante e respetable ci dise acel ancora."<ref>{{cite book |title=Jesus Now and Then |first1=Richard A. |last1=Burridge |first2=Graham |last2=Gould |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-8028-0977-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/jesusnowthen0000burr/page/34 34] |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |url=https://archive.org/details/jesusnowthen0000burr/page/34}}</ref> [[Robert M. Price]] no crede ce Jesus ia esiste, ma el acorda ce esta perspetiva oposa la opinas de la majoria de eruditas. <ref>{{cite encyclopedia |first=Robert M. |last=Price |title=Jesus at the Vanishing Point |encyclopedia=The Historical Jesus: Five Views |editor-last1=Beilby |editor-last2=Eddy |year=2009 |publisher=InterVarsity |isbn=978-0-8308-7853-6 |editor-first=James K. |pages=55, 61 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O33P7xrFnLQC&pg=PA55 |editor2-first=Paul R. |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907112540/https://books.google.com/books?id=O33P7xrFnLQC&pg=PA55 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[James D. G. Dunn]] nomi la teorias sur la nonesiste de Jesus "un tese intera mor".<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Paul's understanding of the death of Jesus |encyclopedia=Sacrifice and Redemption |first=Stephen W. |last=Sykes |year=2007 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-04460-8 |pages=35–36}}</ref> Longo [[Michael Grant]] (un clasiciste): "En anios resente [de 2004], 'no erudita seria ia osa proposa la nonesiste istorial de Jesus', o a la min vera poca ia fa lo, e los no ia susede refuta la indicas multe plu forte e vera abundante per la oposada."<ref>{{cite book |first=Michael |last=Grant |title=Jesus|publisher=Phoenix |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-684-14889-2 |page=200}}</ref> [[Robert E. Van Voorst]] declara ce eruditas biblial e istoristes clasica opina ce on ia refuta eficas la teorias sur la nonesiste de Jesus.{{sfn|Van Voorst|2000|p=16}} Scrivente en ''[[The Daily Beast]]'', [[Candida Moss]] e [[Joel Baden]] declara ce "on ave un consensa cuasi universal entre eruditas biblial – a la min la eruditas autentica – ce Jesus ia es, en fato, un om real."<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/so-called-biblical-scholar-says-jesus-a-made-up-myth |title=So-Called 'Biblical Scholar' Says Jesus a Made-Up Myth |newspaper=The Daily Beast |date=5 October 2014 |author-first2=Joel |author-last2=Baden |author-link1=Candida Moss|author-first1=Candida |author-last1=Moss |access-date=14 July 2021 |archive-date=5 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205210029/https://www.thedailybeast.com/so-called-biblical-scholar-says-jesus-a-made-up-myth |url-status=live}}</ref>}} Longo la tradision cristian, como la Evanjelios e la [[Atas de la Apostoles]] representa lo, sua jenitores ia [[sircoside de Jesus|sircoside Jesus]] a eda de oto dias e ia [[presenta de Jesus|presenta]] el a la [[Templo de Ieruxalim]] a 40 dias. [[Joan la Batizor]] ia [[batiza de Jesus|batiza]] el cuando el ia es un adulte joven, e, pos [[tenta de Jesus|40 dias e notes]] de juna en la tera savaje, el ia comensa sua servi publica. El ia es un ensenior vagante ci, longo la credes de sua seguores, ia posese autoria divin per interprete la lege iudi. Frecuente Jesus ia debate con otra iudis, la plu comun la [[fariseos]] e [[saduseos]], sur la modo la plu bon per segue Dio. El ia remedia maladas, ia ensenia par parabolas, e ia colie seguores, de ci el ia asinia 12 per es sua apostoles. Longo la naras de la Atesta Nova, la autoriosas ia aresta el en Ieruxalim e la [[Sanhedrin]] ia litiga el.{{sfn|Sanders|1993|p=11}} Los ia dona el a la autoriosas roman, e [[Pontio Pilato]], la prefeto roman de Iudea, ia comanda ce on [[crusi de Jesus|crusi]] el. En la [[teolojia cristian]], Cristo ia [[revive de Jesus|revive de la mores]] a la dia tre pos sua mori, e esta funda de crede ia developa a la [[cristianisme primitiva|Eglesa cristian temprana]], cual ia estende a un [[sperde de cristianisme|promove mundal]].{{sfn|Sanders|1993|pp=11, 14}} La teolojia cristian inclui la credes ce la [[Spirito Santa]] ia consepi Jesus, ce un virjin nomida [[Maria (madre de Jesus)|Maria]] ia [[nase virjinal de Jesus|pari]] el, ce el ia fa [[miracles de Jesus|miracles]], ia fundi la [[Eglesa]] cristian, ia mori par crusi como un sacrifia per espia pecas, ia revive de la mores a la dia tre, e ia [[asende de Jesus|asende]] a [[Sielo en cristianisme|Sielo]], de do el va reveni. Cristianes crede comun ce Jesus capasi ce la popla reconsilia con [[Dio en cristianisme|Dio]]. La [[Crede de Nisea]] afirma ce Jesus va [[judi final|judi la viventes e la mores]], o ante o pos lor [[revive universal|revive corpal]], un aveni cual [[escatolojia cristian]] asosia con la [[Ariva Du]] de Jesus. Multe ramos de cristianisme regarda Jesus como la incarne de Dio la Fio, la person du de la tre persones de la [[Trinia]]. A cada anio, tipal a 25 desembre, on selebra la nase de Jesus en Betlehem como [[natal]].{{efn|La plu de cristianes e [[alauistes]] selebra natal. Un parte de la eglesas de [[cristianes este|cristian este]] selebra natal a 25 desembre de [[calendario julian]]. Selebras natal comensa la [[vijila de natal]], tipal a 24 desembre.}} On onora sua [[crusi]] a [[venerdi santa]] e sua revive a soldi de [[pascua]]. La eda de calendario cual la mundo usa la plu vasta, en cual la anio presente es {{CURRENTYEAR}} [[eda comun|ec]], es fundida tradisional sur la data aprosima de la nase de Jesus. [[Iudisme]] tradisional rejeta la crede ce Jesus ia es la maxia espetada, afirmante ce el no ia reali la predises maxial, ce nun ia [[unje|unje legal]] el, e ce el ia es no divin no reviveda. Par contrasta, [[Jesus en islam|islam regarda Jesus]]{{efn|Frecuente nomida par sua nom curanal, {{transleteri|ar|ISO|[[Isa (nom)|ʿĪsā]]}}}} como la maxia e un [[profetas de islam|profeta]] de [[Dio en Islam|Dio]], ci Dio ia envia a la ivris e ci va reveni a Tera ante la [[Dia de Judi en Islam|Dia de Judi]]. [[Muslim]]es crede ce la virjin [[Maria en Islam|Maria]] ia pari Jesus, ma ce el ia es no Dio no la fio de Dio. La plu de muslimes no crede ce on ia mata o ia crusi el, ma ce Dio ia leva el a Sielo en cuando el ia es ancora vivente. {{efn|Alga muslimes medieval ia crede ce on ia crusi Jesus, como ance la membros de la promove moderna Ahmadiyya}} La credores de [[bahaisme]], [[durzi]] e [[rastafarisme]] venera ance Jesus. == Nom == Un person iudi en la tempo de Jesus ia ave tipal sola un nom, pos cual on ia ajunta a veses un espresa padral en la forma "fio de [nom de padre]", o la vila de orijina de la person.<!--<ref name="Britannica" />--> Donce, en la Atesta Nova, on nomi comun Jesus como "Jesus de [[Nazaret]]". La visinas de Jesus en Nazaret ia nomi el "la carpentor, la fio de [[Maria (madre de Jesus)|Maria]] e frate de [[Jacobo (frate de Jesus)|Jacobo]] e [[Josef (frate de Jesus)|Joses]] e [[Judas (frate de Jesus)|Judas]] e [[Simon (frate de Jesus)|Simon]]", "la fio de la carpentor", o "la fio de [[San Josef|Josef]]"; en la [[Evanjelio de Joan]], la disiplo [[Filipo la Apostol|Filipo]] refere a el como "Jesus, fio de Josef, de Nazaret". La nom Jesus es la transleteri (tra la latina ''Iesus'') de la [[elinica antica]] {{lang|grc|Ἰησοῦς}}, cual es la varia elinica de la nom [[ivri]] Joxua (יְהוֹשֻׁעַ‎ ''Yehoxua'').<ref>{{Cite web |title=Strong's Greek: 2424. Ἰησοῦς (Iésous) -- Jesus |url=https://biblehub.com/greek/2424.htm |access-date=2026-01-15 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''The Greek name corresponds to the Hebrew "Joshua."''}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Matthew 1 Benson Commentary |url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/benson/matthew/1.htm |access-date=2026-01-15 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''The name Jesus, in Greek, answers to Joshua, or rather, Jehoshuah, in Hebrew, which signifies Jehovah shall save;''}}</ref> La nom ivri/[[arami (lingua)|arami]] ia es comun entre iudis judean a la tempo de la nase de Jesus,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Matthew 1 Barnes' Notes |url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/barnes/matthew/1.htm |access-date=2026-01-15 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''It was a very common name among the Jews.''}}</ref> an si a acel periodo popla ia corti ja lo de יְהוֹשֻׁעַ‎ (''Yehoxua'') a יֵשׁוּעַ (''Yexua''); la corti ia aveni ja en libros biblial plu tarda como [[Nehemia]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=H3442 - yēšûaʿ - Strong's Hebrew Lexicon (KJV) |url=https://www.blueletterbible.org/kjv/gen/1/1/s_1001 |access-date=2026-01-15 |website=Blue Letter Bible |language=en |quote=''Gesenius' Hebrew-Chaldee Lexicon: יֵשׁוּעַ [Jeshua] a contracted form of the proper name יְהוֹשֻׁעַ‎ used in the later Hebrew ... proper name of other men, mentioned in the books of Chronicles, Ezra and Nehemiah''}}</ref> en cual on nomi [[Joxua]] como Yexua.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nehemiah 8:17 Hebrew Interlinear: ... for the sons of Israel had not done, from the days of '''Jeshua [יֵשׁוּעַ, Yeshua] son of Nun''' ... |url=https://biblehub.com/interlinear/nehemiah/8-17.htm |access-date=2026-01-15 |website=biblehub.com}}</ref> La nom sinifia "Dio salva" en ivri, leteral "[[Iaue]] salva",<ref>{{Cite web |title=Strong's Hebrew: 3091. יְהוֹשׁ֫וּעַ (Yehoshua) -- Joshua |url=https://biblehub.com/hebrew/3091.htm |access-date=2026-01-15 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''Both Joshua son of Nun and Jesus of Nazareth bear the name "Yahweh saves"''}}</ref> de la radis ישׁע (''y-š-ʿ,'' 'salva') e la nom יְשׁוּעָה (''yexuah'', 'salva'). La [[Evanjelio de Mateo]] afirma direta la sinifia etimolojial de la nom de Jesus en la predise de la anjel a Josef sur sua nase: "tu va nomi el Jesus (Ἰησοῦς), car el va salva sua popla de lor pecas". Comentores ia dona un sinifia teolojial a la fato ce [[Joxua]], la susedor de [[Moxe]], porta la mesma nom como Jesus en la elinica, ivri, e arami orijinal, car on trasa frecuente un paralel entre la du xefes e la etimolojia de lor nom compartida ('salva'): Joxua gida la iudis a en la Tera Prometeda, en cuando la teolojia cristian dise ce Jesus salva e iudis e noniudis de lor pecas.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Matthew 1 Matthew Poole's Commentary |url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/poole/matthew/1.htm |access-date=2026-01-15 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''Joshua had his name from the same word, because he was to be a temporal saviour to save the Jews, the whole body of the Jews, from the Canaanites their enemies. This Jesus was to save his people, all that should believe in his name, whether Jews or Gentiles, from their sins.''}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Matthew 1 Vincent's Word Studies |url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/vws/matthew/1.htm |access-date=2026-01-15 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''Under Joshua the enemies of Israel were conquered, and the people established in the Promised Land. So Jesus leads his people in the fight with sin and temptation.''}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Matthew 1 Benson Commentary |url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/benson/matthew/1.htm |access-date=2026-01-15 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''It was not without reason that the successor of Moses was called by this name; for, by subduing the Canaanites, and putting the tribes of Israel in possession of the promised land, he showed himself to be, under God, the Saviour of his people. But this name agrees much better to our Jesus, who both delivers his followers from much more dangerous enemies, and divides unto them a much more glorious inheritance.''}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Matthew 1 Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges |url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/cambridge/matthew/1.htm |access-date=2026-01-15 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''Joshua who led the Israelites into the Promised Land, and Joshua or Jeshua, who was high priest at the time of the return from the Babylonish Captivity, are types of Jesus Christ in respect both of work and name.''}}</ref> === Jesus Cristo === De la sentenio prima, cristianes nomi comun Jesus como "Jesus Cristo".{{sfn|Doninger|1999|p=212}} La parola Cristo no es un nom individual ma ia es orijinal un titulo o posto ("la Cristo"), sinifiante "la [[Maxia]]".{{sfn|Pannenberg|1968|pp=30–31}}<ref>{{cite book |title=Theology of the New Testament |first=Rudolf K. |last=Bultmann |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-932792-93-5 |page=80 |publisher=Baylor University Press}}</ref> La terma deriva de la elinica {{lang|grc|[[wikt:Χριστός|Χριστός]]}} ({{transleteri|grc|Christos}}),<ref>{{CathEncy |wstitle= Origin of the Name of Jesus Christ |first=Anthony J. |last= Maas}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Heil |first=John P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i4u42_PsPNsC&pg=PA66 |title=Philippians: Let Us Rejoice in Being Conformed to Christ |publisher=Society of Biblical Literature |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-58983-482-8 |page=66 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907173832/https://books.google.com/books?id=i4u42_PsPNsC&pg=PA66 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> un tradui prestada de la parola ivri {{lang|he|[[wikt:מָשִׁיחַ|משיח]]}} ({{transleteri|he|maxiakh}}), transleteri a elefen como ''maxia''.{{sfn|Vine|1940|pp=274–275}} La terma ivri sinifia "[[unjeda]]", de la verbo מָשַׁח (''maxaḥ''), "frota con olio, unje". En la [[Septuajinta]], la traduores ia usa la parola elinica χριστός (''christos''), sinifiante "unjeda",<ref>{{Cite web |title=χριστός Greek Word Study Tool|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=χριστός&la=greek#lexicon|access-date=2026-01-21|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu|quote=of persons, anointed}}</ref> de la verbo χρίω (''chrio''), "frota con olio, unje".<ref>{{Cite web |title=χρίω Greek Word Study Tool|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=χρίω&la=greek#lexicon|access-date=2026-01-21|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu|quote=Autenrieth: smear with oil, anoint, LSJ: rub, anoint with scented unguents or oil}}</ref> En iudisme biblial, pretes ia usa olio santa per unje persones e ojetos spesial santa como parte de lor indui relijiosa. Cristianes temprana ia nomi Jesus como "la Cristo" car los ia crede ce el es la Maxia de ci la ariva es prediseda en la [[Biblia ivri]] (Atesta Vea). En usa posbiblial, la popla ia comensa regarda ''Cristo'' como un nom — un parte de "Jesus Cristo". La parola ''[[cristian]]'', sinifiante un seguor de Cristo, es en usa de la sentenio prima.{{sfn|Mills|Bullard|1998|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=goq0VWw9rGIC&pg=PA142 142]}} == Vive e instruis en la Atesta Nova == === Evanjelios canonal === [[File:Dublin, Chester Beatty Ms Papyrus 45 BP I ff.13-14 Luke 11.50-12.12; 12.18-37; 12.42-13.1; 13.jpg|alt=Un manoscrito de papiro de cuatro pajes cual es laserada en multe locas.|thumb|Un [[papiro]] elinica de sentenio 3 de [[Evanjelio de Lucas]]]] La cuatro [[evanjelios canonal]] ([[Evanjelio de Mateo|Mateo]], [[Evanjelio de Marco|Marco]], [[Evanjelio de Lucas|Lucas]], e [[Evanjelio de Joan|Joan]]) es la fontes xef per la vive e mesaje de Jesus.<!-- <ref name="Britannica" /> --> Otra partes de la Atesta Nova inclui ance referes a episodios clavin en sua vive, como la [[Come Ultima]] en 1 Corintianes 11:23-26. [[Atas de la Apostoles]] refere a la servi temprana de Jesus e la previde de lo par [[Joan la Batizor]].<ref>{{cite book |title=The Book of the Acts|series=New International Commentary on the New Testament|first=Frederick F. |last=Bruce |year=1988 |isbn=978-0-8028-2505-6 |page=362 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans}}</ref>{{sfn|Rausch|2003|p=77}}{{sfn|Vermes|1981|pp=20, 26, 27, 29}} Atas 1:1-11 furni plu detalias sur la [[Asende de Jesus]] ca la evanjelios canonal.{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=521–530}} En la leteras nondisputada de Paulo, cual el ia scrive plu temprana ca la evanjelios, el sita a alga veses la parolas o instruis de Jesus. Alga grupos cristian temprana ia ave descrives separada de la vive e instruis de Jesus cual la Atesta Nova no inclui. Estas inclui la [[Evanjelio de Tomas]], la [[Evanjelio de Petro]], la [[Evanjelio de Judas]], la [[Apocrifa de Jacobo]], e multe otra scrivedas apocrifa. La plu de eruditas conclui ce autores ia scrive esta testos plu tarda, e ce los es min fidable istorial ca la evanjelios canonal.{{sfn|Brown|1997|pp=835–840}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Evans |first1=C. A. |title=Exploring the Origins of the Bible |date=2008 |publisher=Baker |page=154}}</ref>{{sfn|Keener|2009|p=56}} ==== Autoria, data, e fidablia ==== La evanjelios canonal es cuatro naras, e la tradision atribui cada a un autor diferente. La eruditas regarda jeneral la autores de la evanjelios como usante nomes falsa. La tradision atribui los a la [[cuatro evanjelistes]], cada asosiada con Jesus o sua seguores prosima:{{sfn|Funk|Hoover|The Jesus Seminar|1993|p=3}} Marco a [[Joan Marco]], un acompanior de [[San Petro|Petro]];<!-- <ref name="May Metzger Mark" /> --> [[Mateo (apostol)|Mateo]] a un de la disiplos de Jesus;{{sfn|Funk|Hoover|The Jesus Seminar|1993|p=3}} [[Lucas (evanjeliste)|Lucas]] a un acompanior de [[Paulo (apostol)|Paulo]] notada en alga leteras;{{sfn|Funk|Hoover|The Jesus Seminar|1993|p=3}} e Joan a un otra de la disiplos de Jesus,{{sfn|Funk|Hoover|The Jesus Seminar|1993|p=3}} la "[[disiplo amada]]".{{sfn|Cross|Livingstone|2005|loc=John, St.}} Seguente la [[primia de Marco]], la evanjelio prima cual on ia scrive ia es la [[Evanjelio de Marco]] (60-75 ec), segueda par la Evanjelio de Mateo (65-85 ec), la Evanjelio de Lucas (65-95 ec), e la Evanjelio de Joan (75-100 ec).<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l2sloGWzzV8C&pg=PA58 |title=Can We Trust the Gospels?: Investigating the Reliability of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John |publisher=Crossway |year=2007 |page=58 |isbn=978-1-4335-1978-9 |first=Mark D. |last=Roberts |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907174109/https://books.google.com/books?id=l2sloGWzzV8C&pg=PA58 |url-status=live}}</ref> La plu de eruditas acorda ce la autores de Mateo e Lucas ia usa Marco como un fonte per lor evanjelios. Car Mateo e Lucas comparti ance alga contenida no trovada en Marco, multe eruditas dedui ce los ia usa un [[fonte Q|fonte ipotesal Q]] en ajunta a Marco, en cuando un cuantia cresente suporta la [[ipotese de Farrer]] o la Posterioria Matean, en cual Mateo e Lucas ia usa direta lunlotra.<ref name=":022">{{Cite book |last=Runesson|first=Anders|title=Jesus, New Testament, Christian Origins|date=2021|publisher=Eerdmans|isbn=9780802868923}}</ref><ref name="TSP20222">{{Cite book |title=The Synoptic Problem 2022: Proceedings of the Loyola University Conference|publisher=Peeters Pub and Booksellers|year=2023|isbn=9789042950344|pages=5|editor-first1=Olegs|editor-last1=Andrejevs|editor-first2=Simon J. |editor-last2=Joseph|editor-first3=‎Edmondo|editor-last3=Lupieri|editor-first4=Joseph|editor-last4=Verhayden}}</ref>{{sfn|Licona|2010|pp=210–221}} Lucas e Mateo trata lor fontes plu conservante ca otra istoristes antica como [[Diodoro de Sisilia]], an si la paraleles e varias de la evanjelios sinotica es tipal de biografias istorial antica.<ref name="Kloppenborg 49–79">{{Cite journal |last=Kloppenborg|first=John|title=Variation in the Reproduction of the Double Tradition and an Oral Q?|journal=Ephemerides Theologicae Lovaniensis|volume=83|issue=1|pages=49–79}}</ref><ref name="Licona 2016 XIII-XIV">{{Cite book |last=Licona |first=Mike |title=Why are there Differences in the Gospels? What we can Learn from Ancient Biography |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2016 |isbn=978-0190264260 |pages=XIII-XIV}}</ref> Un aspeta importante de la studia de la evanjelios es la [[jenero leteratural]] a cual los parteni. La jenero "es un costum clavin cual gida e la composa e la interprete de scrivedas".<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Burridge|first1=R. A. |year=2006|chapter=Gospels|editor-first1=J. W. |editor-last1=Rogerson|editor-first2=Judith M. |editor-last2=Lieu|title=The Oxford Handbook of Biblical Studies|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=433}}</ref> Esce la autores de la evanjelios ia intende scrive novelas, mitos, istorias, o biografias ave un efeto sinifiante sur como on debe interprete lor obras. Alga studias ia sujesta ce on debe regarda la evanjelios como un forma de biografia antica.<ref>Talbert, C. H. (1977). ''What is a Gospel? The Genre of the Canonical Gospels''. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Fortress Press.</ref><ref>Wills, L. M. (1997). ''The Quest of the Historical Gospel: Mark, John and the Origins of the Gospel Genre''. London: Routledge. p. 10.</ref><ref>Burridge, R. A. (2004). ''What are the Gospels? A Comparison with Graeco-Roman Biography''. revised updated edn. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans.</ref> An si criticistes esiste,<ref>e.g. Vines, M. E. (2002). ''The Problem of the Markan Genre: The Gospel of Mark and the Jewish Novel''. Atlanta, Georgia: Society of Biblical Literature. pp. 161–162.</ref> la vista ce la evanjelios es un tipo de biografia antica representa la acorda jeneral entre la eruditas oji.<ref>{{cite book |last=Stanton |first=Graham N. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A7wNGMrAiD0C |title=Jesus and Gospel |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-521-00802-0 |page=192 |access-date=22 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226005236/https://books.google.com/books?id=A7wNGMrAiD0C |archive-date=26 February 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Rogerson |first1=J. W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eKZYMifS1fAC |title=The Oxford Handbook of Biblical Studies |last2=Lieu |first2=Judith M. |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-19-925425-5 |page=437 |access-date=22 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225204746/https://books.google.com/books?id=eKZYMifS1fAC |archive-date=25 December 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Consernante la esatia de la naras, la puntos de vista varia entre regarda los como descrives nonerante de la vive de Jesus,{{sfn|Grudem|1994|pp=90–91}} asta duta lor fidablia istorial a puntos diversa,{{sfn|Sanders|1993|p=3}} e asta regarda ce los furni multe poca informa istorial sur sua vive ultra la fatos fundal.{{sfn|Köstenberger|Kellum|Quarles|2009|pp=117–125}}{{sfn|Ehrman|1999|pp=22–23}} ==== Strutur e contenida comparativa ==== On nomi Mateo, Marco e Lucas la Evanjelios Sinotica, de la elinica {{lang|grc|σύν}} ({{transleteri|grc|syn}}, 'en junta') e {{lang|grc|ὄψις}} ({{transleteri|grc|opsis}}, 'vista'),<ref name="Haffner-2008" /><ref name="Scroggie-1995" /><ref>{{OED|synoptic}}</ref> car los es simil en contenida, ordina de nara, lingua e strutur de paragrafes, e on pote pone fasil los a lado de lunlotra per un compara sinotica.<ref name="Haffner-2008">{{cite book |title=New Testament Theology |first=Paul |last=Haffner |year=2008 |isbn=978-88-902268-0-9 |page=135 |publisher=Gracewing}}</ref><ref name="Scroggie-1995">{{cite book |title=A Guide to the Gospels |first=W. Graham |last=Scroggie |year=1995 |isbn=978-0-8254-9571-7 |page=128 |publisher=[[Kregel Publications]]}}</ref><ref>{{Britannica URL |title=Synoptic Gospels |url=topic/Synoptic-Gospels}}</ref> Eruditas acorda tipal ce lo es nonposible trova cualce relata leteratural direta entre la Evanjelios Sinotica e la Evanjelio de Joan.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Gospel of John |first1=Francis J. |last1=Moloney |first2=Daniel J. |last2=Harrington |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-8146-5806-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/gospelofjohn0004molo/page/3 3] |publisher=Liturgical Press |url=https://archive.org/details/gospelofjohn0004molo/page/3}}</ref> Multe avenis — como la batiza de Jesus, sua crusi, e la interatas con sua apostoles — apare en la Evanjelios Sinotica, ma avenis como la [[muta de Jesus|muta]] e la [[esorsi]] de demones{{sfn|Witherington|1997|p=113}} par Jesus no apare en Joan, cual difere ance sur otra temas, como la [[purga de la Templo]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Ladd |first=George E. |title=A Theology of the New Testament |year=1993 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |isbn=978-0-8028-0680-2 |page=251 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eIdkM00EdlAC&pg=PA251 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907103156/https://books.google.com/books?id=eIdkM00EdlAC&pg=PA251 |url-status=live}}</ref> La Sinoticas asentua aspetas diferente de Jesus. En Marco, Jesus es la [[Fio de Dio (cristianisme)|Fio de Dio]], de ci sua obras potiosa demostra la presentia de la [[Rena de Dio]].<ref name="May Metzger Mark" /> La autor portrae el como un faor nonfatigable de miracles e la servor de e Dio e umanas.<ref name="ThompsonPortraits">{{Cite book|editor-last1=Thompson|editor-first1=Frank Charles|title=The Thompson Chain-Reference Bible|publisher=Kirk Bride Bible Company & Zondervan Bible Publishers|year=1983|pages= 1563–1564}}</ref> Esta evanjelio corta rejistra un cuantia relativa peti de la parolas o instruis estendeda de Jesus.<ref name="May Metzger Mark" /> La Evanjelio de Mateo asentua ce Jesus es la reali de la vole de Dio como revelada en la Atesta Vea e la Senior de la Eglesa.<ref>{{Cite book|editor-last1=May|editor-first1=Herbert G. |editor-first2=Bruce M. |editor-last2=Metzger|title=The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha|year=1977|chapter=Matthew|pages=1171–1212}}</ref> Lo presenta el como la "Fio de David", un "re", e la Maxia.<ref name="ThompsonPortraits" />{{sfn|McGrath|2006|pp=4–6}} Lucas presenta Jesus como la salvor divin-umana ci mostra compatia a la povres.<ref name="May Metzger Luke">{{Cite book|editor-last1=May|editor-first1=Herbert G. |editor-first2=Bruce M. |editor-last2=Metzger|title=The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha|year=1977|chapter=Luke|pages=1240–1285}}</ref> La testo depinta el como la ami de pecores e escluidas, ci ia veni per xerca e salva la perdedas.<ref name="ThompsonPortraits" /> Esta evanjelio inclui parabolas bon conoseda, como la [[Bon Samaritan]] e la [[Fio Perosa]].<ref name="May Metzger Luke" /> La [[prologa de la Evanjelio de Joan]] identifia Jesus como un incarne de la Parola divin ([[Logos (cristianism)|Logos]]).<ref name="MayMetzgerJohn">{{Cite book|editor-last1=May|editor-first1=Herbert G. |editor-first2=Bruce M. |editor-last2=Metzger|title=The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha|year=1977|chapter=John|pages=1286–1318}}</ref> Como la Parola, la testo descrive Jesus como eterna presente con Dio, ativa en tota la crea, e la fonte de la natur moral e spirital de umanas.<ref name="MayMetzgerJohn" /> En esta evanjelio, Joan portrae Jesus como no sola plu grande ca cualce profeta umana pasada, ma plu grande ca cualce profeta ta pote es: el no sola parla la Parola de Dio; el es la Parola de Dio.{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=302–310}} En la Evanjelio de Joan, Jesus revela publica sua rol divin e on depinta el como la [[Pan de Vive]], la [[Lus de la Mundo]], la [[Vite Vera]], e plu. La autores de la Atesta Nova ia mostra jeneral poca interesa a fundi un cronolojia asoluta de la vive de Jesus o a sincroni la episodios de sua vive con la istoria secular de la eda.{{sfn|Rahner|2004|pp=730–731}} Como Joan 21:25 declara, la evanjelios no alega furni un lista completa de la avenis de la vive de Jesus.<ref>{{cite book |last=O'Collins |first=Gerald |title=Christology: A Biblical, Historical, and Systematic Study of Jesus |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-19-955787-5 |pages=1–3}}</ref> La autores ia scrive la naras xef como documentos teolojial en la contesto de [[cristianisme temprana]], considerante la linias de tempo como minor.<ref name="Wiarda75">{{cite book |title=Interpreting Gospel Narratives: Scenes, People, and Theology |first=Timothy |last=Wiarda |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-8054-4843-6 |pages=75–78 |publisher=B&H}}</ref> La evanjelios dedica sirca un tri de lor testo a la semana final de la vive de Jesus en [[Ieruxalim]], cual on nomi la [[Pasion (cristianisme)|Pasion]].<ref name="Turner613">{{cite book |title=Matthew |first=David L. |last=Turner |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-8010-2684-3 |page=613 |publisher=Baker}}</ref> Los no furni sufisinte detalias per sasia la esijes de istoristes moderna consernante datas esata, ma on pote estrae de los un imaje jeneral de la istoria de la vive de Jesus.{{sfn|Sanders|1993|p=3}} === Jenealojia e nase === {{Xef|Nase de Jesus}} Jesus ia es iudi,{{sfn|Vermes|1981|pp=20, 26, 27, 29}} e [[Maria (madre de Jesus)|Maria]], la sposa de [[San Josef|Josef]], ia pari el. La Evanjelios de Mateo e Lucas ofre du naras diferente de sua [[jenealojia]]. Mateo trasa la asendentes de Jesus a [[Abraham]] tra [[David]],{{sfn|Sanders|1993|pp=80–91}} en cuando Lucas trasa la asendentes de Jesus tra [[Adam]] a Dio.{{sfn|Brown|1978|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=ML1mnUBwmhcC&pg=PA163 163]}} La listas es identica entre Abraham e David ma difere forte pos acel punto; Mateo ave 27 jeneras de David a Josef, en cuando Lucas ave 42, cuasi sin coaveni entre la nomes en la du listas. Eruditas ia proposa teorias variosa per esplica perce la du jenealojias es tan diferente. [[File:Gerard van Honthorst - Adoration of the Shepherds (1622).jpg|thumb|left|''Adora par la Pastores'' par [[Gerard van Honthorst]], 1622|alt=Un sena natal; omes e animales ensirca Maria e la Jesus nova naseda, ci es covreda en lus]] E Mateo e Lucas descrive la nase de Jesus, spesial ce un virjin nomida Maria ia pari el en [[Betlehem]] per reali la [[profeti|profetida]]. La nara de Lucas asentua la avenis ante la [[nase de Jesus Cristo|nase de Jesus]] e foca a Maria, en cuando lo de Mateo covre xef avenis pos la nase e foca a Josef.{{sfn|Mills|Bullard|1998|p=556}}<ref name="marsh37">{{cite book |title=Jesus and the Gospels |last=Marsh |first=Clive |author-last2=Moyise|author-first2= Steve |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-567-04073-2 |page=37 |publisher=Clark International |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ecHpPzDLkhcC&pg=PA37 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907095218/https://books.google.com/books?id=ecHpPzDLkhcC&pg=PA37 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Morris|1992|page=26}} Ambos naras declara ce Maria ia es prometeda a un om nomida Josef, ci ia es un desendente de la Re David e no ia es la padre biolojial de Jesus. Ambos suporta la dotrina de la [[nase virjin de Jesus]], longo cual la [[Spirito Santa]] ia consepi miraclosa Jesus en la utero de Maria cuando el ia es ancora un virjin.<ref name="Jeffrey">{{cite book |last=Jeffrey |first=David L. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7R0IGTSvIVIC |title=A Dictionary of biblical tradition in English literature |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |year=1992 |isbn=978-0-85244-224-1 |pages=538–540 |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008221946/https://books.google.com/books?id=7R0IGTSvIVIC |archive-date=8 October 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Cox|Easley|2007|pp=30–37}}<ref>{{cite book |title=Who's Who in the New Testament |last=Brownrigg |first=Ronald |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-415-26036-7 |pages=96–100 |publisher=Taylor & Francis}}</ref> A la mesma tempo, on ave atestas, a la min en la ''Atas de la Apostoles'' par Lucas, ce persones ia pensa ce Jesus ia ave, como multe figures en anticia, un padria dual, car on declara ala ce el ia desende de la seme de David.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lincoln |first=Andrew T. |date=2013 |title=Luke and Jesus' Conception: A Case of Double Paternity? |journal=Journal of Biblical Literature |volume=132 |issue=3 |pages=639–658 |jstor=23487891 |issn=0021-9231}}</ref> Par aseta Jesus como sua propre fio, on comprende ce Josef dona a el la desende nesesada de David.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thesevernforum.org.uk/palette/lecture_lincoln_2015.pdf |last1=Lincoln|first1=Andrew T. |title=Conceiving Jesus: re-examining Jesus' conception in canon, Christology, and creed|publisher=The Severn Forum|date=5 March 2015|page= 4 |access-date=2 July 2019 |archive-date=10 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200510100248/http://www.thesevernforum.org.uk/palette/lecture_lincoln_2015.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> Alga eruditas sujesta ce Jesus ia ave un erita levita de Maria, fundida sur sua relata de sangue con [[Elizabeth (madre de Joan la Batizor)|Elizabeth]].<ref>For example, {{citation |title=Carmen 18}}</ref> [[File:Bellini-circumcision-NG1455-fm.jpg|thumb|alt=74.9 × 102.2&nbsp;cm|''La sircoside'' par [[Giovanni Bellini]], sirca 1500. La obra depinta la [[sircoside de Jesus]].]] En Mateo, Josef es turbada car Maria, sua prometeda, es ensinta,<ref>[[Mateo 1:19]]–[[Mateo 1:20|20]].</ref> ma en la prima de la [[sonias de San Josef|cuatro sonias de Josef]], un anjel serti a el ce el no debe teme sposi Maria, car la Spirito Santa ia consepi sua enfante.<ref name="Talbert">{{cite book |title=Matthew |first=Charles H. |last=Talbert |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-8010-3192-2 |publisher=Baker |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tbmoR2j0-sgC |pages=29–30 |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008221946/https://books.google.com/books?id=tbmoR2j0-sgC |url-status=live}}</ref> En Mateo 2:1-12, sajas o majos de la Este trae donadas a la Jesus joven como la Re de la Iudis. Los trova el en un casa en Betlehem. [[Herode la Grande]] oia sur la nase de Jesus e, volente mata el, [[masacra de la inosentes|comanda la mata de tota bebes mas]] en Betlehem e sua visineria. An tal, un anjel averti Josef en sua sonia du, e la familia [[fuji a Ejipte]], plu tarda reveninte e abitante en Nazaret.<ref name="Talbert" />{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=272–285}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Schnackenburg |first=Rudolf |title=The Gospel of Matthew |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-8028-4438-5 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pvR39Z9O01kC&pg=PA9 |pages=9–11 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907052207/https://books.google.com/books?id=pvR39Z9O01kC&pg=PA9 |url-status=live}}</ref> En Lucas 1:31-38, Maria aprende de la anjel [[Gabriel]] ce el va consepi e pari un enfante nomida Jesus tra la ata de la Spirito Santa.<ref name="marsh37" /><ref name="Jeffrey" /> Cuando Maria es a punto de pari, el e Josef viaja de Nazaret a la casa asendente de Josef en Betlehem per enscrive en la conta de abitores comandada par [[Cesar Augusto]]. Ala, Maria pari Jesus, e car los ia trova no sala en la otel, el pone la bebeta en un [[portafeno de natal|portafeno]]. Un [[anusia a la pastores|anjel anunsia la nase a un grupo de pastores]], ci vade a Betlehem per vide Jesus e a pos sperde la novas sirca la rejion. Lucas 2:21 raconta como Josef e Maria fa ce on [[sircoside de Jesus|sircoside lor bebe a la dia oto pos la nase]] e nomi el Jesus, como Gabriel ia comanda a Maria. Pos la [[presenta de Jesus a la Templo]], Josef, Maria, e Jesus reveni a Nazaret.<ref name="marsh37" /><ref name="Jeffrey" /> === Vive temprana, familia e profesa === [[File:William Holman Hunt - The Finding of the Saviour in the Temple - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|''[[Trova de la Salvor en la Templo]]'' par [[William Holman Hunt]], 1860|alt=Maria e Josef trova Jesus en la Templo]] La Evanjelios de Lucas e Mateo identifia la site de la enfantia de Jesus como Nazaret, un vila en [[Galilea]] en la [[Israel]] moderna, do el ia abita con sua familia. An si Josef apare en descrives de la enfantia de Jesus, la testos no nota el a pos.<ref>{{cite book |last=Perrotta |first=Louise B. |title=Saint Joseph: His Life and His Role in the Church Today |publisher=Our Sunday Visitor Publishing |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-87973-573-9 |pages=21, 110–112}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Reverend Archdeacon Kinane |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EmUhCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT138 |title=Saint Joseph: His Life, His Virtues, His Privileges, His Power |page=138 |chapter=Section VI – The perpetual virginity of St. Joseph |publisher=Aeterna Press|access-date=7 June 2021 |archive-date=9 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309230526/https://books.google.com/books?id=EmUhCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT138#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live}}</ref> La Evanjelios e otra fontes nota sua otra membros de familia, incluinte sua madre Maria; sua cuatro [[frates de Jesus|frates]], [[Jacobo (frate de Jesus)|Jacobo]], [[Josef (frate de Jesus)|Joses]] (o Josef), [[Judas (frate de Jesus)|Judas]], e [[Simon (frate de Jesus)|Simon]]; e sua sores nonomida.<ref>{{cite book |title=Zealot: The Life and Times of Jesus of Nazareth |last=Aslan |first=Reza |author-link=Reza Aslan |year=2013 |publisher=Random House |page=[https://archive.org/details/zealotlifetimeso00reza/page/756 36] |isbn=978-1-4000-6922-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/zealotlifetimeso00reza/page/756}}</ref> La [[Evanjelio de Jacobo]] nomi la avis madral de Jesus como Joachim e Ana.<ref>{{cite book |last=Brownrigg |first=Ronald |title=Who's Who in the New Testament |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JXqBAgAAQBAJ&q=joachim |page=194 |year=2003 |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |isbn=978-1-134-50949-2 |access-date=31 March 2023 |archive-date=9 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309230540/https://books.google.com/books?id=JXqBAgAAQBAJ&q=joachim#v=snippet&q=joachim&f=false |url-status=live}}</ref> La Evanjelio de Lucas rejistra ce Maria ia es un relatada de Elizabeth, la madre de Joan la Batistor. Alga fontes contempora e estrabiblial regarda Jesus e Joan la Batistor como cusinos de grado du, fundida sur la crede ce Elizabeth ia es la fia de [[Sobe (sore de San Ana)|Sobe]], la sore de Ana.<ref>[[Patrologia Graeca|PG]] 97.1325.</ref><ref>[[Patrologia Graeca|PG]] 120.189.</ref><ref>[[Patrologia Graeca|PG]] 145.760 ([[Nicephorus Callistus]], ''Historia ecclesiastica'', 2.3).</ref> La Evanjelio de Marco reporta ce, a la comensa de sua servi, Jesus ave un conflita con sua visinas e familia.{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=270–272}} La madre e frates de Jesus veni per prende el car la popla dise ce el es [[Sania mental de Jesus|loco]]. Jesus responde ce sua seguores es sua familia vera. En la Evanjelio de Joan, Jesus e sua madre atende un [[rituo de sposi en Cana]], do el fa sua miracle prima pos la solisita de sua madre. Plu tarda, el es presente a sua crusi, e Jesus espresa conserna per sua bonstate. En Marco 6:3 on nomi Jesus un {{lang|grc|τέκτων}} ({{transleteri|grc|tektōn}}), un terma cual on comprende tradisional como "carpentor" ma cual pote ance refere a fabricores de ojetos en materias diversa, incluinte construores.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Liddell |first1=Henry G. |last2=Scott |first2=Robert |title=An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon: The Seventh Edition of Liddell and Scott's Greek–English Lexicon |publisher=Clarendon Press |year=1889 |page=797}}</ref>{{sfn|Dickson|2008|pp=68–69}} Considerante la estende semantical larga de la terma e "la realia sosioistorial de un τέκτων comun nazaretan", Matthew K. Robinson, un prete e erudita, prefere tradui τέκτων como 'construor-artisan'.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Robinson |first1=Matthew K. |title="Is This Not the Τέκτων?": Revisiting Jesus's Vocation in Mark 6:3 |journal=Neotestamentica |date=2021 |volume=55 |issue=2 |pages=431–445 |doi=10.1353/neo.2021.0038}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Matthew Robinson |url=https://www.theology.ox.ac.uk/people/matthew-robinson |publisher=[[University of Oxford]] |access-date=1 April 2025 |language=en}}</ref> La Evanjelios indica ce Jesus ia pote leje, parafrase e debate testos santa, ma esta no sinifia nesesada ce el ia reseta instrui formal de scrivistes.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |year=2001 |title=Context, family and formation |encyclopedia=Cambridge companion to Jesus |publisher=Cambridge University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vSehrtQpcYcC&pg=PA14 |access-date=14 August 2015 |last=Evans |first=Craig A. |editor-last=Bockmuehl |editor-first=Markus N. A. |pages=14, 21 |isbn=978-0-521-79678-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907175830/https://books.google.com/books?id=vSehrtQpcYcC&pg=PA14 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |url-status=live|doi=10.1017/CCOL0521792614.002}}</ref> La Evanjelio de Lucas reporta du viajas de Jesus e sua jenitores en Ieruxalim en sua enfantia. Los veni a la [[Templo en Ieruxalim]] per la [[presenta de Jesus]] como un bebe, acordante con la Lege iudi, do un om nomida Simeon profeti sur Jesus e Maria. Cuando Jesus, a la eda de des-du anios, perde se a un peregrina a Ieruxalim per pesah, sua jenitores [[trova en la Templo|trova el en la Templo]], sentante entre la instruores, escutante los e fante demandas, e la popla es stonada par sua comprende e respondes. Maria reproxa Jesus per perde se, a cual Jesus responde ce el debe "es en la casa de sua Padre". === Batiza e tenta === [[File:El bautismo de Jesús, por José Ferraz de Almeida Júnior.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|''[[Batiza de Jesus|La Batiza de Cristo]] par [[Joan la Batizor]]'', par [[Almeida Júnior]], 1895|alt=Jesus ia es batizada par Joan. La Spirito Santa en la forma de un pijon es a supra.]] La [[evanjelios sinotica]] descrive la [[batiza de Jesus]] en la [[Rio Urdun]] e la [[tenta de Jesus|tentas]] cual el ia fasa tra 40 dias en la [[Deserto Iudean]] como un prepara per sua servi publica.<ref>{{cite book |last=Sheen |first=Fulton J. |title=Life of Christ |year=2008 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-0-385-52699-9 |page=65 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KyqQKohpVR4C&pg=PA65 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=10 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910165309/https://books.google.com/books?id=KyqQKohpVR4C&pg=PA65 |url-status=live}}</ref> En cada de esta naras, informa sur Joan la Batizor presede la naras de la batiza de Jesus.{{sfn|Blomberg|2009|pp=224–229}}{{sfn|Köstenberger|Kellum|Quarles|2009|pp=141–143}}{{sfn|McGrath|2006|pp=16–22}} Los portrae Joan predicante la repenti per la pardona de pecas, corajinte carita a la povres, batizante persones en la rejion de la Rio Urdun sirca [[Perea]], e predisente la ariva de algun "plu potiosa" ca el.<ref>{{cite book |title=Eerdmans commentary on the Bible |first1=James D. G. |last1=Dunn |first2=John W. |last2=Rogerson |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-8028-3711-0 |page=1010 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans}}</ref> [[File:Ary Scheffer - The Temptation of Christ (1854).jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.8|Jesus e la Diablo depintida en ''[[Tenta de Jesus|La tenta de Jesus]]'', par [[Ary Scheffer]], 1854]] En la Evanjelio de Marco, Joan la Batizor batiza Jesus, e cuando Jesus sorti de la acua el vide la Spirito Santa desendente a el como un pijon, e un vose veni de la sielo e declara el como la Fio de Dio. Esta es un de la du avenis descriveda en la Evanjelios en cual un vose de Sielo refere a Jesus como "Fio", e la otra es la Muta. A pos, la Spirito forsa el a en la tera savaje, do Satan tenta el. Pos la aresta de Joan, Jesus comensa sua servi en Galilea. En la Evanjelio de Mateo, cuando Jesus veni a Joan per reseta la batiza, Joan protesta, disente, "Me nesesa ce tu batiza me." Jesus instrui el a continua con la batiza "per reali tota la virtua". A pos, Mateo nara tre tentas spesifiada cual Satan ofre a Jesus en la tera savaje. En la Evanjelio de Lucas, la Spirito Santa desende en forma fisical como un pijon pos cuando Joan ia batiza ja tota la persones e en cuando Jesus prea. Plu tarda, Joan reconose nonesplicada Jesus par envia sua seguores per fa demandas sur el. Lucas descrive ance tre tentas cual Jesus ia esperia en la tera savaje ante el comensa sua servi en Galilea. La Evanjelio de Joan no nara la batiza e tenta de Jesus. En loca, Joan la Batizor atesta ce el ia vide la Spirito desende e resta sur Jesus. Joan proclama publica Jesus como la Ovea de Dio, e alga seguores de Joan deveni disiplos de Jesus. Ante cuando la autoriosas prisoni Joan, Jesus gida sua seguores per batiza, e los batiza plu persones ca Joan. === Servi publica === [[File:Bloch-SermonOnTheMount.jpg|thumb|''Sermon sur la Monte'', par [[Carl Bloch]], 1877, depinta [[Sermon sur la Monte|la parla importante de Jesus]].|alt=Jesus senta sur un monte, predicante a un fola]] La Sinoticas depinta du locas jeografial xef en la servi de Jesus. La prima aveni en Galilea, a norde de [[Iudea]], do Jesus gida un servi multe susedosa; la du aveni en Ieruxalim, do la autoriosas rejeta e mata el.<ref name="ISBEO">{{cite web |year=1939 |editor-last=Orr |editor-first=James |title=International Standard Bible Encyclopedia Online |url=http://www.internationalstandardbible.com/R/rabbi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817024703/http://www.internationalstandardbible.com/R/rabbi.html |archive-date=17 August 2016 |access-date=30 July 2016 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans}}</ref> Frecuente nomida "rabi",<ref name="ISBEO" /> Jesus presenta sua mesaje par parla.<ref name="Dunn2013">{{cite book |last=Dunn |first=James D. G. |title=The Oral Gospel Tradition |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |year=2013 |pages=290–291}}</ref> En esta naras, el proibi ce los ci reconose el como la maxia — incluinte persones ci el remedia e demones cual, como on dise, el esorsi — parla sur lo (vide Secreta Maxial).{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=285–296}} Par contrasta, la Evanjelio de Joan portrae la servi de Jesus como aveninte xef en e sirca Ieruxalim en loca de en Galilea, e on proclama e reconose plu abrida sua natur divin.{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=302–310}} Eruditas divide comun la servi de Jesus a grados variosa. La servi galilean comensa cuando Jesus reveni a Galilea de la [[Deserto Iudean]] pos resiste la tentas de [[Satan]]. A pos el predica tra Galilea, e en Mateo 4:18-20, sua disiplos prima — ci va formi plu tarda la nucleo de la Eglesa temprana — encontra el e comensa segue el.{{sfn|McGrath|2006|pp=16–22}}{{sfn|Redford|2007|pp=117–130}} Esta periodo inclui la Sermon sur la Monte, un de la parlas major de Jesus,{{sfn|Redford|2007|pp=117–130}}<ref>{{cite book |title=The Sermon on the mount: a theological investigation |first=Carl G. |last=Vaught |year=2001 |publisher=Baylor University Press |isbn=978-0-918954-76-3 |pages=xi–xiv}}</ref> como ance la [[calmi de la tempesta]], la [[nuri de la 5000]], [[Jesus pasea sur acua|pasea sur acua]], e otra miracles e parabolas diversa.{{sfn|Redford|2007|pp=143–160}} Lo conclui con la [[Confesa de Petro]] e la [[Muta]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Transfiguration, The |encyclopedia=The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Thought: Son of Man-Tremellius V11 |isbn=978-1-4286-3189-2 |publisher=Funk & Wagnalls |year=1909 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=js5-eDk13TcC&pg=PA493 |page=493 |last=Nash |first=Henry S. |editor-first=Samuel M. |editor-last=Jackson |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907052036/https://books.google.com/books?id=js5-eDk13TcC&pg=PA493 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Barton132">{{cite book |last=Barton |first=Stephen C. |url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani00bart_994 |title=The Cambridge Companion to the Gospels |date=23 November 2006 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-80766-1 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani00bart_994/page/n138 132]–133 |url-access=limited}}</ref> En cuando Jesus viaja en dirije a Ieruxalim, en lo cual on nomi frecuente la servi perean, el reveni a la rejion do el ia es batizada, a sirca un tri de la distantia a su de la [[Mar de Galilea]] longo la Rio Urdun.{{sfn|Cox|Easley|2007|p=137}}{{sfn|Redford|2007|pp=211–229}} La fase final de sua servi, en Ieruxalim, comensa con sua entra vinsal a en la site a [[soldi de palmas]].{{sfn|Cox|Easley|2007|pp=155–170}} En la Evanjelios Sinotica, en acel semana Jesus [[Puri de la Templo|espulsa la intercambiores]] de la [[Templo Du]], e [[Tradi de Judas|Judas negosia per tradi]] el. Esta periodo culmina en la [[Come Ultima]] e, en la nara par Joan, la [[Parla de Adio]].{{sfn|Blomberg|2009|pp=224–229}}{{sfn|Cox|Easley|2007|pp=155–170}}{{sfn|Redford|2007|pp=257–274}} ==== Disiplos e seguores ==== [[File:Brooklyn Museum - The Exhortation to the Apostles (Recommandation aux apôtres) - James Tissot.jpg|thumb|''La recomenda a la apostoles'', par [[James Tissot]], portrae Jesus parlante a sua des-du disiplos.]] Prosima a la comensa de sua servi, Jesus asinia des-du apostoles. En Mateo e Marco, Jesus clama sua cuatro apostoles prima, ci es pexores, e la testo descrive ce los abandona direta lor redes per segue el. En Joan, la du apostoles prima de Jesus es a prima disiplos de Joan la Batizor; la Batizor vide Jesus e nomi el la Ovea de Dio, e la du, oiante esta, comensa segue Jesus.{{sfn|Brown|1988|pp=25–27}}{{sfn|Boring|Craddock|2004|pp=292–293}} En ajunta a la Des-du Apostoles, la introdui a la Sermon sur la Plano en Lucas identifia un grupo multe plu grande de persones como disiplos. En Lucas 10:1-16, Jesus envia [[setedes disiplos|70 o 72 de sua seguores]] en duples per prepara vilas per sua visitas futur; el instrui los a aseta ospitia, remedia maladas, e proclama la [[Rena de Dio]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=The Gospel According to Luke |encyclopedia=New Collegeville Bible Commentary: New Testament |publisher=Liturgical Press |year=2009 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sdooTRyPMCwC&pg=PA255 |page=255 |first=Michael F. |last=Patella |editor-first=Daniel |editor-last=Durken |isbn=978-0-8146-3260-4 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=10 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910044704/https://books.google.com/books?id=sdooTRyPMCwC&pg=PA255 |url-status=live}}</ref> ==== Instruis e miracles ==== [[File:Hoffman-ChristAndTheRichYoungRuler.jpg|thumb|''[[Jesus e la joven rica]]'' par [[Heinrich Hofmann (pintor)|Heinrich Hofmann]], 1889]] En la Sinoticas, Jesus ensenia multe — comun en parabolas{{sfn|Theissen|Merz|1998|pp=316–346}} — sur la Rena de Dio. Jesus parla ance sur la "Fio de Umana", un figur [[Apocalise|apocalisal]] ci va veni per colie la elejedas.<ref name="Britannica" /> Jesus clama la popla a repenti de lor pecas e dedica se intera a Dio.<ref name="Britannica">{{Britannica |id=303091 |title=Jesus Christ |first1=E.&nbsp;P. |last1=Sanders |first2=Jaroslav J. |last2=Pelikan}}</ref> El instrui sua seguores a obedi la [[lege iudi]], an si alga contemporas persepi ce el mesma ia rompe la lege, per esemplo en relata a la obedi a la sabat.<ref name="Britannica" /> Cuando on demanda de el cual es la comanda la plu grande, Jesus responde: "Tu va ama la Senior tua Dio con tota tua cor, e con tota tua spirito, e con tota tua mente... E la du es simil: 'Tu va ama tua visina como tu mesma.'" Otra instruis etical cual on atribui a Jesus inclui ama enemis, asteni de odia e desira sesal, ofre la otra jena, e pardona los ci ia peca contra on.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Stassen |first1=Glen H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LlMVrmA-b-4C |title=Kingdom Ethics: Following Jesus in Contemporary Context |last2=Gushee |first2=David P. |publisher=InterVarsity |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-8308-2668-1 |pages=102–103, 138–140, 197–198, 295–298 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226062140/https://books.google.com/books?id=LlMVrmA-b-4C |archive-date=26 February 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> La Evanjelio de Joan presenta la instruis de Jesus no mera como sua propre predica ma como revela divin. Joan la Batizor, per esemplo, declara en Joan 3:34: "El ci Dio ia envia parla la parolas de Dio, car el dona la Spirito sin mesura." En Joan 7:16, Jesus dise, "Mea instrui no es de me ma de el ci ia envia me." El repete esta en Joan 14:10: "Tu no crede ce me es en la Padre e la Padre es en me? La parolas cual me dise a tu, me no dise de me mesma; ma la Padre ci abita en me fa sua obras."<ref name="Osborn-1993" /><ref>{{cite book |last=Köstenberger |first=Andreas J. |title=The missions of Jesus and the disciples according to the Fourth Gospel |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-8028-4255-8 |pages=108–109}}</ref> [[File:Pompeo Batoni 003.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.8|''[[Parabola de la Fio Perosa|La reveni de la fio perosa]]'' par [[Pompeo Batoni]], 1773]] Sirca 30 parabolas composa sirca un tri de la instruis rejistrada de Jesus.<ref name="Osborn-1993">{{cite book |first=Eric F. |last=Osborn |year=1993 |title=The emergence of Christian theology |url=https://archive.org/details/emergencechristi00osbo |url-access=limited |isbn=978-0-521-43078-4 |page=[https://archive.org/details/emergencechristi00osbo/page/n115 98] |publisher=Cambridge University Press}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=J. Dwight |last=Pentecost |year=1998 |title=The parables of Jesus: lessons in life from the Master Teacher |isbn=978-0-8254-9715-5 |page=10 |publisher=Kregel}}</ref> La parabolas apare e en sermones plu longa e a locas diversa en la nara.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Sermons of Jesus the Messiah |first=E. Keith |last=Howick |year=2003 |publisher=WindRiver |isbn=978-1-886249-02-8 |pages=7–9}}</ref> Los conteni comun simbolisme e relata tipal aspetas de la mundo fisical a realias spirital.<ref>{{cite book |first=Friedrich G. |last=Lisco |year=1850 |title=The Parables of Jesus |publisher=Daniels and Smith Publishers |pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_OoIuAAAAYAAJ/page/n12 9]–11 |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_OoIuAAAAYAAJ}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=Ashton |last=Oxenden |year=1864 |title=The parables of our Lord? |publisher=William Macintosh Publishers |page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_5bUCAAAAQAAJ/page/n15 6] |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_5bUCAAAAQAAJ}}</ref> Temas comun inclui la compatia e jenerosia de Dio, como ance la periles e resultas de peca.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dPdANFaNgagC&pg=448 |title=Interpreting the Parables |publisher=InterVarsity |year=2012 |page=448 |isbn=978-0-8308-3967-4 |first=Craig L. |last=Blomberg |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=10 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910175429/https://books.google.com/books?id=dPdANFaNgagC&pg=448 |url-status=live}}</ref> Alga parabolas, como lo de la Fio Perosa, es relativa simple, en cuando otras, como la [[Parabola de la Seme Cresente|Seme Cresente]], es plu complicada, profonda, e difisil per interprete.<ref>{{cite web |first=Madeleine I. |last=Boucher |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/religion/jesus/parables.html |title=The Parables |website=Frontline|publisher=PBS |access-date=3 June 2013 |archive-date=10 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130810144100/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/religion/jesus/parables.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Cuando sua disiplos demanda perce el parla a la popla en parabolas, Jesus responde ce Dio ia permete ce la disiplos elejeda "sabe la secretas de la rena de sielo", no como la resta, ajuntante: "Car a el ci ave, on va dona plu e el va ave en abunda. Ma a el ci no ave, on va priva el an plu", e el continua par dise ce la plu de lor jenera ia developa "cores lente" e no es donce capas de comprende. [[File:Christ cleans leper man.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|''[[Jesus remediante la leprosa]]'', [[mosaica]] medieval de la [[Catedral de Monreale]], de sentenios 12 a 13|alt=Jesus, sua testas areolada, pone sua manos sur un leprosa, remediante el]] En la naras de evanjelio, Jesus dedica un parte major de sua servi a fa [[miracle]]s, spesial remedias.{{sfn|Green|McKnight |Marshall|1992|p=299}} On clasi comun esta miracles a du categorias xef: miracles de remedia e miracles natural.{{sfn|Twelftree|1999|p=350}}{{sfn|Levine|2006|p=4}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Charlesworth |first1=James H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YTIGy5t45WgC&pg=PT113 |title=The Historical Jesus: An Essential Guide |date=2008 |publisher=Abingdon Press |isbn=978-1-4267-2475-6 |page=113 |access-date=29 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008221947/https://books.google.com/books?id=YTIGy5t45WgC&pg=PT113 |archive-date=8 October 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> La miracles de remedia inclui la remedia de maladias fisical, [[esorsi]]s,{{sfn|Witherington|1997|p=113}}{{sfn|Theissen|Merz|1998|p=298}} e la revive de mores.{{sfn|Green|McKnight|Marshall|1992|p=300}}<ref name="Oxford Companion" /><ref>{{cite web |last=Tabor |first=James |date=22 March 2013 |title=What the Bible Says About Death, Afterlife, and the Future |url=https://clas-pages.uncc.edu/james-tabor/ancient-judaism/death-afterlife-future/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160823115040/https://clas-pages.uncc.edu/james-tabor/ancient-judaism/death-afterlife-future/ |archive-date=23 August 2016 |access-date=13 June 2015 |publisher=UNCC}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Hoekema |first=Anthony A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c2yT_7xw35sC |title=The Bible and the Future |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-85364-624-2 |pages=88–89 |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008221946/https://books.google.com/books?id=c2yT_7xw35sC |archive-date=8 October 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> La miracles natural demostra autoria supra la mundo natural e inclui [[muta acua a vino]], pasea sur acua, e calmi un tempesta, entre otras. Jesus atribui sua miracles a un fonte divin. Cuando oposores acusa el de espulsa demones par la potia de Belzebub, la prinse de demones, el responde ce el fa esta par la "Spirito de Dio" (Mateo 12:28) o la "dito de Dio", argumentante ce lo ta es nonlojical ce Satan dana sua propre rena; el ance demanda, si el esorsi par [[Belzebub]], "par ci vosa fios espulsa los?"<ref name="Britannica" /><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Js9nFESO0VAC&pg=PA100 |title=Zondervan King James Version Commentary: New Testament |last2=Mitchell |first2=Daniel R. |publisher=Zondervan |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-310-25150-7 |page=100 |first1=Edward E. |last1=Hindson |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=10 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910171333/https://books.google.com/books?id=Js9nFESO0VAC&pg=PA100 |url-status=live}}</ref> En Mateo 12:31-32, el declara ance ce, an si Dio pote pardona tota spesies de peca, incluinte "insultas contra Dio" o "insultas contra la Fio de Umana", Dio va pardona nunca blasfema contra "La [[Spirito Santa]]", e los ci es culpable de lo porta permanente lor peca.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bible Gateway passage: Matthew 12:31-32 - New International Version|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew%2012%3A31-32&version=NIV|website=Bible Gateway|access-date=2026-01-30|language=en}}</ref> En Joan, la testo descrive la miracles de Jesus como "sinias", fada per evidenti sua mision e identia.<ref name="Sign" />{{sfn|Ehrman|2009|page=[https://archive.org/details/jesusinterrupted00ehrm_0/page/84 84]}} En la Evanjelios Sinotica, cuando alga instruores de la lege e fariseos demanda de el un sinia miraclosa per validi sua autoria, Jesus refusa,<ref name="Sign">{{cite book |title=Introducing the New Testament: Its Literature and Theology |year=2001 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |isbn=978-0-8028-3717-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/introducingnewte00paul/page/198 198] |url=https://archive.org/details/introducingnewte00paul/page/198 |first1=Paul J. |last1=Achtemeier |first2=Joel B. |last2=Green |first3=Marianne M. |last3=Thompson}}</ref> disente ce Dio va dona no sinia a un jenera mal e dejenerada, con eseta de la sinia de la profeta [[Jona]]. En la Sinoticas, la folas responde tipal a sua miracles con stona e presa el per remedia lor maladas, ma en Joan, on depinta Jesus como min restrinjeda par la folas, ci responde frecuente a sua sinias con crede e fida.{{sfn|Twelftree|1999|p=236}} Un cualia comun a tota naras de miracles es ce Jesus fa los libre e no solisita o aseta paia.<ref>{{cite book |last=van der Loos |first=Hendrik |title=The Miracles Of Jesus |year=1965 |publisher=Brill |page=197 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n4geAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA197 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=10 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910165838/https://books.google.com/books?id=n4geAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA197 |url-status=live}}</ref> Frecuente la naras de miracles es entretexeda con instruis, e la miracles mesma porta comun un dimension instruinte.<ref>{{cite book |title=The words and works of Jesus Christ |first=J. Dwight |last=Pentecost |year=1981 |isbn=978-0-310-30940-6 |page=212 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bh3M_AfgXZAC&pg=PA212 |publisher=Zondervan |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=10 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910063513/https://books.google.com/books?id=bh3M_AfgXZAC&pg=PA212 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Twelftree|1999 |p=95}} Multe asentua la importa de fida: en la [[remedia de des leprosas]] e la revive de la fia de Iairo, per esemplo, Jesus dise a la beneficadas ce lor fida es la causa de lor remedia.{{sfn|Donahue|Harrington |2002|p=182}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Lockyer |first=Herbert |year=1988 |title=All the Miracles of the Bible |isbn=978-0-310-28101-6 |page=235 |publisher=Zondervan}}</ref> En ''A Marginal Jew'', erudita [[John P. Meier]] argumenta ce "la tradisiones de miracles sur la servi publica de Jesus es ja atestada tan vasta en fontes diversa" ce cualce "fabrica intera par la eglesa temprana es, en modo pratical, nonposible". El fundi esta alega sur fontes leteratural como la Evanjelios de Mateo, Lucas, e Joan, como ance sur la scrivedas de la istoriste Josefo. Meier argumenta ce la "criterio de atestas multiple de fontes e formas" suporta la conclui ce Jesus ia fa "obras estracomun" cual sua contemporas ia regarda como miracles.<ref>{{Cite book |last=John Meier |url=http://archive.org/details/Marginal-Jew_vol-2_Meier_1994 |title=A Marginal Jew/Маргинальный еврей |date=November 1994}}</ref> Erudita [[Paul J. Achtemeier]] argumenta ce tal miracles no ia es unica a Jesus en la mundo antica e ce an atestores ia persepi los como ambigua. El nota ce probable Jesus ia fa atas cual on ia comprende como esorsis, cual "ia es asetada como realia par sua contemporas", ma ce on no debe vide estas como avente "valua demostrante consernante Jesus," car atestores ia pote alega ce el ia labora o con Satan o con Dio.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Achtemeier |first=Paul J. |date=1975 |title=Miracles and the Historical Jesus: A Study of Mark 9:14-29 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43714056 |journal=The Catholic Biblical Quarterly |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=471–491 |issn=0008-7912}}</ref> Erudita [[Gregory Sterling]] oserva ce, en la caso de la esorsis alegada fada par Jesus, "Per galileanes de la sentenio prima ci ia crede a la presentia personal de malia en forma de demones, la ata de Jesus ia es un validi de sua servi."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sterling |first=Gregory E. |date=1993 |title=Jesus as Exorcist: An Analysis of Matthew 17:14-20; Mark 9:14-29; Luke 9:37-43a |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43721315 |journal=The Catholic Biblical Quarterly |volume=55 |issue=3 |pages=467–493 |issn=0008-7912}}</ref> ==== Proclama, Muta, e Semana de Pasion ==== [[File:Transfigurationbloch.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|La [[Muta de Jesus]], depintida par [[Carl Bloch]], sentenio 19]] Aprosima a la media de cada de la tre Evanjelios Sinotica, la autores nara du avenis sinifiante: la Confesa de [[San Petro|Petro]] e la Muta de Jesus — cual la Evanjelio de Joan no nota.<ref name="Barton132" /><ref>{{cite book |title=The Christology of Mark's Gospel |url=https://archive.org/details/christologyofmar0000king |url-access=limited |first=Jack D. |last=Kingsbury |year=1983 |isbn=978-1-4514-1007-5 |publisher=Fortress Press |pages=[https://archive.org/details/christologyofmar0000king/page/91 91]–95}}</ref>{{sfn|Lee|2004|pp=21–30}}<ref name="Nobbs" />{{sfn|Cross|Livingstone|2005|loc=John, Gospel of}} En la Confesa de Petro, Petro declara a Jesus, "Tu es la Maxia, la Fio de la Dio vivente";<ref>{{cite book |last=Karris|first=Robert J.|title=The Collegeville Bible Commentary: New Testament|publisher=Liturgical Press|year=1992|isbn=978-0-8146-2211-7|pages=885–886}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Who do you say that I am? Essays on Christology|first1=Jack D.|last1=Kingsbury|first2=Mark A.|last2=Powell|first3=David R.|last3=Bauer|year=1999|isbn=978-0-664-25752-1|publisher=Westminster John Knox Press|page=xvi}}</ref>{{sfn|Donahue|Harrington|2002|p=336}} Jesus afirma ce esta es un veria divin revelada.<ref>{{cite book |last=Yieh|first=John Y. H.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g0-NaraCrAoC|title=One teacher: Jesus' teaching role in Matthew's gospel|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|year=2004|isbn=978-3-11-018151-7|pages=240–241|access-date=8 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008221947/https://books.google.com/books?id=g0-NaraCrAoC|archive-date=8 October 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Pannenberg|1968|pp=53–54}} Pos esta confesa, Jesus comensa parla a sua disiplos sur sua sufri, mori, e revive prosiminte. En la Muta,{{sfn|Lee|2004|pp=21–30}}<ref name="Nobbs" /><ref name="Barton132" /> Jesus trae Petro e du otra apostoles a la culmina de un monte nonomida, do "el ia es mutada ante los, e sua fas ia brilia como la sol, e sua vestes ia deveni briliante blanca".{{sfn|Lee|2004|pp=72–76}} Un nube briliante covre los, e un vose de la nube proclama, "Esta es mea Fio, la Amada; con el me es multe plaseda; escuta a el."{{sfn|Lee|2004|pp=21–30}} La descrive de la semana final de la vive de Jesus — comun nomida la [[Semana de Pasion]] — ocupa aprosima un tri de la nara en la evanjelios canonal. Esta parte comensa con la entra vinsal de Jesus a Ieruxalim e conclui con sua crusi.{{sfn|Blomberg|2009|pp=224–229}}{{sfn|Cox|Easley|2007|pp=155–170}} ==== Fadas en Ieruxalim ==== [[File:Gérôme - L'entrée du Christ à Jérusalem - cadre.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Un depinta de la [[entra vinsal de Jesus a Ieruxalim|la entra ultima de Jesus a Ieruxalim]], par [[Jean-Léon Gérôme]], 1897|alt=Jesus, montante un asineta, viaja a Ieruxalim. Un fola grande bonveni el estra la murones.]] En la Evanjelios Sinotica, la semana final en Ieruxalim conclui la viaja tra Perea e Iudea cual Jesus ia comensa en Galilea.{{sfn|Cox|Easley|2007|pp=155–170}} Jesus entra a Ieruxalim montante un asino joven, evocante la motif de la asino de la Maxia de la [[Zecaria|Libro de Zecaria]], en cual la re umil de la Iudis ariva a la site en esta modo.<ref name="May Metzger Mark">{{Cite book|editor-last1=May|editor-first1=Herbert G. |editor-first2=Bruce M. |editor-last2=Metzger|title=The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha|year= 1977|chapter=Mark|pages= 1213–1239}}</ref> En cuando el avansa, popla sperde capas e ramos peti de arbores (plumas de palma) sur la strada ante el e canta linias de Salmo 118:25-26.{{sfn|Boring|Craddock|2004|pp=256–258}}{{sfn|Majerník|Ponessa|Manhardt|2005|pp=133–134}}{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=381–395}} Pos esta, Jesus espulsa la intercambiores de la Templo, acusante los de cambia lo a un asconderia de furores par lor comersia. La plu de eruditas acorda ce lo es multe probable ce Jesus ia fa alga cosa en la templo e ia nota sua destrui.<ref>{{cite book |last= Sanders |first= E.P. |author-link= E.P. Sanders |year= 1985 |title= Jesus and Judaism |publisher= Fortress Press |page= 61 |isbn= 978-0800620615|title-link=Jesus and Judaism}}</ref>{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=285–296}} En Joan, la Purga de la Templo aveni a la comensa de la servi de Jesus en loca de a la fini.{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=302–310}} Praticas antica de composa ia inclui tal deslocas e compresas cronolojial, e an biografistes fidable como [[Plutarco]] ia usa los.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Vytlačilová |first=Magdalena |date=2023 |title=Jesus, the Gospels, and the Galilean Crisis by Tucker S. Ferda (review) |journal=Neotestamentica |volume=57 |issue=1 |pages=197–202 |doi=10.1353/neo.2023.a938405}}</ref> Jesus ave conflitas con la veas iudi, per esemplo cuando los demanda sur sua autoria e cuando el critica los e nomi los ipocritas.{{sfn|Boring|Craddock|2004|pp=256–258}}{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=381–395}} [[Judas Iscariot]], un de la des-du apostoles, fini un negosia secreta con la veas iudi, prometente tradi Jesus a los per 30 monetas de arjento.<ref>{{cite book |last=Lockyer |first=Herbert |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-Q7l-_UFHmYC |title=All the Apostles of the Bible |publisher=Zondervan |year=1988 |isbn=978-0-310-28011-8 |pages=106–111 |access-date=11 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229044027/https://books.google.com/books?id=-Q7l-_UFHmYC |archive-date=29 February 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Synoptic Gospels and the Book of Acts |first=Doremus A. |last=Hayes |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-313-53490-1 |page=88 |publisher=HardPress}}</ref> La Evanjelio de Joan raconta du otra festas en cual Jesus ia ensenia en Ieruxalim ante la Semana de Pasion.{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=270–272}} En Betania, un vileta prosima a Ieruxalim, Jesus [[revive de Lazaro|revive Lazaro de la mores]]. Esta sinia potiosa{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=302–310}} grandi la tensa con la autoriosas,{{sfn|Cox|Easley|2007|pp=155–170}} ci conspira per mata el.{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=270–272}} [[Maria de Betania]] unje la pedes de Jesus, predisente sua entera.{{sfn|Funk|Hoover|The Jesus Seminar|1993|pp=401–470}} A pos, Jesus fa sua entra maxial a Ieruxalim.{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=270–272}} La folas aclamante ci saluta Jesus cuando el entra a Ieruxalim grandi la enemia entre el e la xefes ofisial.{{sfn|Cox|Easley|2007|pp=155–170}} En Joan, Jesus ia purga ja la Templo Du en un visita a Ieruxalim en un pesah plu temprana. A pos, Joan raconta la Come Ultima de Jesus con sua disiplos.{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=270–272}} ==== Come Ultima ==== [[File:Última Cena - Juan de Juanes.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|La [[Come Ultima]], depintida par [[Juan de Juanes]], sirca 1562|alt=Un depınta de la Come Ultıma. Jesus senta en la sentro, sua apostoles asemblada a ambos lados.]] La Come Ultima es la come final cual Jesus ia comparti con sua des-du apostoles en Ieruxalim ante sua crusi. Tota cuatro evanjelios canonal nota la Come Ultima; la Epistola Prima a la Corintianes par Paulo refere ance a lo.<ref name="Fahlbusch52">{{cite book |title=The Encyclopedia of Christianity |volume=4 |first=Erwin |last=Fahlbusch |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-8028-2416-5 |pages=53–56 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C5V7oyy69zgC&pg=PA53 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907101720/https://books.google.com/books?id=C5V7oyy69zgC&pg=PA53 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=465–477}}{{sfn|Cox|Easley|2007|pp=180–191}} En la come, Jesus predise ce un de sua apostoles va tradi el.{{sfn|Cox|Easley|2007|p=182}} An pos ce cada Apostol afirma ce el no va tradi el, Jesus repete ce la trador va es un de los ci es presente ala. Mateo 26:23-25 e Joan 13:26-27 identifia Judas como la trador.<ref name="Fahlbusch52" />{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=465–477}}{{sfn|Cox|Easley|2007|p=182}} En la Sinoticas, Jesus prende pan, rompe lo, e dona lo a la disiplos, disente, "Esta es mea corpo, cual es donada per vos." A pos el fa ce los tota bevi de un copa, disente, "Esta copa cual es versada per vos es la alia nova en mea sangue."<ref name="Fahlbusch52" />{{sfn|Cross|Livingstone|2005|loc=Eucharist}} La rituo cristian de la [[Eucaristia]] es fundida sur esta avenis. An si la Evanjelio de Joan no inclui un descrive de la rituo de pan-e-vino en la Come Ultima, la plu de eruditas acorda ce Joan 6:22-59 (la [[Parla sur la Pan de Vive]]) ave un natur eucaristial e resona con la naras de institui en la Evanjelios Sinotica e en la scrivedas de Paulo sur la Come Ultima.{{sfn|Freedman|2000|p=792}} En tota cuatro evanjelios, Jesus predise ce Petro va nega conose el a tre veses ante la [[gal]] cria en la matina seguente.<ref name="Denial">{{cite book |title=Peter: apostle for the whole church |first=Pheme |last=Perkins |publisher=Fortress Press |year=2000 |isbn=978-1-4514-1598-8 |page=85}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Gospel according to Matthew |volume=1 |first=Johann P. |last=Lange |year=1865 |publisher=Scribner |page=499}}</ref> En Lucas e Joan, el fa la predise en la Come. En Mateo e Marco, el fa la predise pos la Come; Jesus predise ance ce tota sua disiplos va abandona el.{{sfn|Walvoord|Zuck|1983|pp=83–85}} La Evanjelio de Joan furni la sola nara de Jesus lavante la pedes de sua disiplos pos la come.{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=272–285}} Joan inclui ance un sermon longa par Jesus, preparante sua disiplos (aora sin Judas) per sua parti. Capitoles 14-17 de la Evanjelio de Joan es conoseda como la [[Parla de Adio]] e es un fonte sinifiante de contenida cristolojial.<ref>{{cite book |last1=O'Day |first1=Gail R. |title=John |last2=Hylen |first2=Susan |publisher=Westminster John Knox Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-664-25260-1 |pages=142–168}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Ridderbos |first=Herman |title=The Gospel of John: A Theological Commentary|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-8028-0453-2 |pages=546–576}}</ref> ==== Angusa en la Jardin, tradi, e aresta ==== [[File:Caravaggio - The Taking of Christ restored.jpg|thumb|Un depinta de la [[besa de Judas]] e [[aresta de Jesus]], par [[Caravaggio]], sirca 1602|alt=Judas besa Jesus, e soldatos core per saisi esta.]] En la Sinoticas, Jesus e sua disiplos vade a la jardin [[Getsemani]], do Jesus prea per evita sua esperia difisil prosiminte. A pos Judas veni con un fola armada, enviada par la pretes xef, scrivistes e veas. El [[besa de Judas|besa Jesus]] per identifia el a la fola, cual aresta alora Jesus. En un atenta a para los, un disiplo nonomida de Jesus usa un spada per talia a via la orea de un om en la fola. Pos la aresta de Jesus, sua disiplos vade per asconde, e Petro, cuando demandada, nega a tre veses ce el conose Jesus. Pos la nega tre, Petro oia la gal cria e recorda la predise de Jesus sur sua nega. Alora Petro plora amarga.{{sfn|Walvoord|Zuck|1983|pp=83–85}}{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=285–296}}<ref name="Denial" /> En Joan 18:1-11, Jesus no prea per evita sua crusi, car la evanjelio portrae el como apena tocada par tal debilia umana.{{sfn|Cross|Livingstone|2005|loc=Jesus}} La persones ci aresta el es soldatos roman e gardores de la Templo.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Michaels |first1=J. Ramsey |title=John |series=Understanding the Bible Commentary Series |date=2011 |publisher=Baker Books |page=187 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zGr-amBm4PUC&pg=PT187 |isbn=978-1-4412-3659-3 |access-date=7 September 2017 |archive-date=26 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226071102/https://books.google.com/books?id=zGr-amBm4PUC&pg=PT187 |url-status=live}}</ref> En loca de es tradida par un besa, Jesus proclama sua identia, e cuando el fa esta, la soldatos e ofisiales cade a la tera. La evanjelio identifia Petro como la disiplo ci ia usa la spada, e Jesus reproxa el per lo. ==== Litigas par la Sanhedrin, Herodes, e Pilato ==== Pos sua aresta, la fola prende Jesus tarda en la note a la casa privata de la prete xef, [[Caiafas]], ci la presedor de Pilato, la procurator roman [[Valerio Grato]], ia instala a ante.<ref>[[Josephus]] Antiquities 18.2.2.</ref> La [[Sanhedrin]] ia es un asembla judal iudi.{{sfn|Brown|1997|p=146}} La naras de evanjelio difere sur la detalias de la litigas.<ref>{{cite book |editor-last1=Bromiley |editor-first1=Geoffrey W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yklDk6Vv0l4C&pg=PA1050 |title=International Standard Bible Encyclopedia: E–J |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |year=1988 |isbn=978-0-8028-3782-0 |pages=1050–1052 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907182833/https://books.google.com/books?id=yklDk6Vv0l4C&pg=PA1050 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> En Mateo 26:57, Marco 14:53, e Lucas 22:54, la gardores prende Jesus a la casa de la prete xef, Caiafas, do persones burla e bate el a acel note. Temprana en la matina seguente, la pretes xef e scrivistes gida Jesus a en lor consilio.{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=487–500}}{{sfn|Blomberg|2009|pp=396–400}}<ref name="Holman608">{{cite book |title=Holman Concise Bible Dictionary |publisher=B&H Publishing Group|lccn=97-22283|year=2011 |isbn=978-0-8054-9548-5 |pages=608–609}}</ref> Joan 18:12-14 declara ce la gardores prende Jesus a prima a Anas, la padre par sposi de Caiafas, e a pos a la prete xef.{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=487–500}}{{sfn|Blomberg|2009|pp=396–400}}<ref name="Holman608" /> [[File:Ecce homo by Antonio Ciseri (1).jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|''Ecce homo!'' la depinta de 1871 par [[Antonio Ciseri]] de [[Pontio Pilato]] presentante Jesus a la publica|alt=Un depinta de la litiga publica de Jesus]] En la litigas Jesus parla multe poca, presenta no defende, e dona respondes multe rara e nondireta a la demandas de la pretes, causante ce un ofisial palmi el. En Mateo 26:62, la asentia de responde de Jesus causa ce Caiafas demanda el, "Tu ave no responde?".{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=487–500}}{{sfn|Blomberg|2009|pp=396–400}}<ref name="Holman608" /> En Marco 14:61, la prete xef demanda alora a Jesus, "Esce tu es la Maxia, la Fio de la Bon-Diseda?". Jesus responde, "Me es", e alora predise la ariva de la Fio de Umana.<ref name="Britannica" /> Esta provoca ce Caiafas lasera sua propre roba con coleria e acusa Jesus de blasfema. En Mateo e Lucas, la responde de Jesus es plu ambigua:<ref name="Britannica" />{{sfn|Evans|2003|p=495}} en Mateo 26:64, el responde, "Tu ia dise tal", e en Lucas 22:70 el dise, "Tu dise ce me es."{{sfn|Blomberg|2009|pp=396–398}}<ref>{{cite book |title=Luke's presentation of Jesus: a christology |first=Robert F. |last=O'Toole |year=2004 |isbn=978-88-7653-625-0 |page=166 |publisher=Editrice Pontificio Istituto Biblico|series=Subsidia Biblica}}</ref> La veas iudi prende Jesus a la Corte de Pilato e demanda a la governor roman, [[Pontio Pilato]], ce el judi e condena Jesus per alegas variosa: suverti la nasion, oposa la paia de tribui, alega es Cristo, un re, e alega es la fio de Dio.<ref name="Holman608" /> La usa de la parola "re" es sentral a la discute entre Jesus e Pilato. En Joan 18:36, Jesus declara, "Mea rena no es de esta mundo", ma el no nega sin ambiguia ce el es la Re de la Iudis.<ref>{{cite book |publisher=Twenty-Third Publications |title=The Names of Jesus |first=Stephen J. |last=Binz |year=2004 |isbn=978-1-58595-315-8 |pages=81–82}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Ironside |first=H. A. |title=John |publisher=Kregel |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-8254-9619-6 |page=454}}</ref> En Lucas 23:7-15, Pilato reali ce Jesus es galilean, e donce veni su la autoria de [[Herodes Antipas]], la tetrarca de Galilea e Perea.{{sfn|Niswonger|1992|p=172}}{{sfn|Majerník|Ponessa|Manhardt|2005|p=181}} Pilato envia Jesus a Herodes per litiga,{{sfn|Carter|2003|pp=120–121}} ma Jesus dise cuasi no cosa en responde a la demandas de Herodes. Herodes e sua soldatos burla Jesus, pone un roba custosa sur el per fa ce el aspeta como un re, e redona el a Pilato,{{sfn|Niswonger|1992|p=172}} ci clama alora en junta la veas iudi e anunsia ce el ia "no trova esta om culpable".{{sfn|Carter|2003|pp=120–121}} Oservante un costum de pesah de la tempo, Pilato permete la relasa de un prisonida elejeda par la fola. El dona a la popla un eleje entre Jesus e un omisidor nomida [[Barabas]] ({{lang|he|[[wikt:בר-אבא|בר-אבא]]}} o Bar-abbâ, "fio de la padre", de la nom comun Abba: 'padre'). Convinseda par la veas, la fola eleje relasa Barabas e crusi Jesus.{{sfn|Blomberg|2009|pp=400–401}} Pilato scrive un sinia en ivri, latina, e elinica cual dise "Jesus de Nazaret, la Re de la Iudis" (cortida como INRI en depintas) per es afisada a la crus de Jesus,{{sfn|Brown|1988|p=93}} e alora flajeli Jesus e envia el per es crusida. La soldatos pone un [[corona de spinas]] sur la testa de Jesus e burla el como la Re de la Iudis. Los bate e burla el ante prende el a [[Calvario]],<ref>{{cite book |title=The Passion of Jesus in the Gospel of Matthew |first=Donald |last=Senior |year=1985 |isbn=978-0-8146-5460-6 |publisher=Liturgical Press |page=124}}</ref> ance nomida Golgota, per crusi.{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=487–500}}<ref name="Holman608" />{{sfn|Blomberg|2009|p=402}} ==== Crusi e entera ==== [[File:Cristo crucificado.jpg|alt=Un depinta de Jesus sur la crus.|thumb|La depinta de [[Diego Velázquez]] de la [[crusi de Jesus|crusi]], sirca 1632]] Tota cuatro evanjelios canonal descrive la crusi de Jesus. Pos la litigas, la gardores gida Jesus a Calvario en cuando el porta sua crus; on nomi la via cual el ia prende probable la Via Dolosa. La tre Evanjelios Sinotica indica ce [[Simon de Cirene]] aida el, forsada par la romanes a fa tal.{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=509–520}}{{sfn|Köstenberger|Kellum|Quarles|2009|pp=211–214}} En Lucas 23:27-28, Jesus dise a la femes en la fola grande ci segue el ce los no debe plora per el ma per se mesma e lor enfantes.{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=509–520}} A Calvario, un person ofre a Jesus un sponja empapada en un misca tipal ofreda per lejeri dole. Longo Mateo e Marco, el refusa lo.{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=509–520}}{{sfn|Köstenberger|Kellum|Quarles|2009|pp=211–214}} Alora la soldatos crusi Jesus e lansa dados per sua vestes. Supra la testa de Jesus a la crus, on pone la enscrive multilingual par Pilato, "Jesus de Nazaret, la Re de la Iudis." Soldatos e pasores burla el sur lo. Soldatos crusi du furores condenada con Jesus. En Mateo e Marco, ambos furores burla Jesus. En Lucas, un de los reproxa Jesus, en cuando la otra defende el.{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=509–520}}{{sfn|Doninger|1999|p=271}}{{sfn|Ehrman|2009|page=[https://archive.org/details/jesusinterrupted00ehrm_0/page/82 82]}} Jesus dise a la seguor: "oji tu va es con me en Paradiso." La cuatro evanjelios nota la presentia de un grupo de disiplos fema de Jesus a la crusi. En Joan, Jesus vide sua madre Maria e la disiplo amada e dise a el a cura el. En Joan 19:33-34, soldatos roman rompe la gamas de la du furores per aselera lor mori, ma no los de Jesus, car el es ja mor. En loca, un soldato perfora la lado de Jesus con un lansia, e sangue e acua flue a estra.{{sfn|Doninger|1999|p=271}} La Sinoticas reporta un periodo de oscuria, e la cortina pesosa en la Templo lasera cuando Jesus mori. En Mateo 27:51-54, un trematera abri tombas. En Mateo e Marco, asustada par la avenis, un [[senturion]] roman declara ce Jesus ia es la Fio de Dio.{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=509–520}}{{sfn|Köstenberger|Kellum|Quarles|2009|pp=213–214}} A la mesma dia, [[Josef de Arimatea]], con la permete de Pilato e con la aida de [[Nicodemo]], sutrae la corpo de Jesus de la crus, envolve lo en un stofa limpa, e entera lo en un tomba nova escavada en roca.{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=509–520}} En Mateo 27:62-66, a la dia seguente la pretes xef iudi demanda a Pilato per securi la tomba, e con la permete de Pilato la pretes pone selos sur la roca grande cual covre la entra.{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=509–520}}{{sfn|Morris|1992|p=727}} == Notas == {{notelist}} {{notelist|30em}} == Referes == {{reflist|colwidth=20em}} === Fontes === {{refbegin|30em}} * {{cite book |first=Douglas |last=Hare |title=Matthew |publisher=Westminster John Knox Press |language=en|year=1993 |isbn=978-0-664-23433-1}} * {{cite book |first=Craig L. |last=Blomberg |author-link=Craig Blomberg |title=Jesus and the Gospels: An Introduction and Survey |year=2009 |language=en|isbn=978-0-8054-4482-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U5rIPC1UgsgC |publisher=B&H |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008222031/https://books.google.com/books?id=U5rIPC1UgsgC |url-status=live}} * {{cite book |title=The People's New Testament Commentary |first1=M. Eugene |last1=Boring |first2=Fred B. |last2=Craddock |author-link2=Fred Craddock |language=en|year=2004 |isbn=978-0-664-22754-8 |publisher=Westminster John Knox Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N0tLXRIiIe0C |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=4 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104165219/http://books.google.com/books?id=N0tLXRIiIe0C |url-status=live}} * {{cite book |first=Raymond E. |last=Brown |title=The Birth of the Messiah: A Commentary on the Infancy Narratives in Matthew and Luke |year=1977 |language=en|isbn=978-0-385-05907-7 |publisher=Doubleday}} * {{cite book |title=Mary in the New Testament |first=Raymond E. |last=Brown |year=1978 |isbn=978-0-8091-2168-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ML1mnUBwmhcC |publisher=Paulist Press |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=17 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140917011141/http://books.google.com/books?id=ML1mnUBwmhcC |url-status=live}} * {{cite book |title=The Gospel and Epistles of John: A Concise Commentary |first=Raymond E. |last=Brown |language=en|author-link=Raymond E. Brown |year=1988 |isbn=978-0-8146-1283-5 |publisher=Liturgical Press |url=https://archive.org/details/gospelepistleso00brow}} * {{cite book |last=Brown |first=Raymond E. |title=An Introduction to the New Testament |publisher=Doubleday |language=en|year=1997 |isbn=978-0-385-24767-2 |url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontone00brow_0}} * {{cite book |last=Carter |first=Warren |author-link=Warren Carter |title=Pontius Pilate: Portraits of a Roman Governor |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-8146-5113-1 |language=en|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mvhHcXKK0UEC |publisher=Liturgical Press |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008222031/https://books.google.com/books?id=mvhHcXKK0UEC |url-status=live}} * {{cite book |title=Studying the Historical Jesus: Evaluations of the State of Current Research |first1=Bruce |last1=Chilton |author-link1=Bruce Chilton |first2=Craig A. |last2=Evans |author-link2=Craig A. Evans |year=1998 |isbn=978-90-04-11142-4 |publisher=Brill |language=en|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AJM9grxOjjMC |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-date=4 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004084608/https://books.google.com/books?id=AJM9grxOjjMC |url-status=live}} * {{cite book |last=Bowman Jr. |first=Robert M. |title=Jesus, Skepticism & The Problem of History: Criteria and Context in the Study of Christian Origins |last2=Komoszewski |first2=J. Ed |date=2019 |language=en|publisher=Zondervan |isbn=978-0-310-53476-1 |editor1-last=Komoszewski |editor1-first=J. Ed |pages= |quote= |editor2-last=Bock |editor2-first=Darrell L.}} * {{cite book |first1=Steven L. |last1=Cox |first2=Kendell H. |last2=Easley |year=2007 |title=Harmony of the Gospels |isbn=978-0-8054-9444-0 |language=en|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QjmwuFUksOQC |publisher=B&H |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008222032/https://books.google.com/books?id=QjmwuFUksOQC |url-status=live}} * {{cite book |editor-first1=Frank L. |editor-last1=Cross |language=en |editor-first2=E. A. |editor-last2=Livingstone |title=The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2005 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fUqcAQAAQBAJ |isbn=978-0-19-280290-3 |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-date=15 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515065637/https://books.google.com/books?id=fUqcAQAAQBAJ |url-status=live}} * {{cite book |first1=John D. |last1=Crossan |author-link1=John Dominic Crossan |first2=Richard G. |language=en |last2=Watts |title=Who Is Jesus?: Answers to Your Questions About the Historical Jesus |publisher=Westminster John Knox Press |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-664-25842-9 |url=https://archive.org/details/whoisjesusanswer00cros}} * {{cite book |last=De Smet |first=Daniel |year=2016 |chapter=Les racines docétistes de l'imamologie shi'ite |language=fr |editor1-last=Amir-Moezzi |editor1-first=Mohammad Ali |editor2-last=De Cillis |editor2-first=Maria |editor3-last=De Smet |editor3-first=Daniel |editor4-last=Mir-Kasimov |editor4-first=Orkhan |title=L'Ésotérisme shi'ite, ses racines et ses prolongements – Shi'i Esotericism: Its Roots and Developments |series=Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes, Sciences Religieuses |volume=177 |location=Turnhout |publisher=Brepols |pages=87–112 |doi=10.1484/M.BEHE-EB.4.01163 |isbn=978-2-503-56874-4}} * {{cite book |last=Dickson |first=John |author-link=John Dickson (author) |title=Jesus: A Short Life |publisher=Kregel Publications |year=2008 |language=en|isbn=978-0-8254-7802-4}} * {{cite book |last=Dillenberger |first=John |author-link=John Dillenberger |title=Images and Relics: Theological Perceptions and Visual Images in Sixteenth-Century Europe |language=en|publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-19-976146-3}} * {{cite book |first1=John R. |last1=Donahue |first2=Daniel J. |last2=Harrington |author-link2=Daniel J. Harrington |title=The Gospel of Mark |publisher=Liturgical Press |language=en|year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xZAIsUZOwSQC |isbn=978-0-8146-5804-8 |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-date=3 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103010742/http://books.google.com/books?id=xZAIsUZOwSQC |url-status=live}} * {{cite book |last=Doninger |first=Wendy |year=1999 |title=Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions |publisher=Merriam-Webster |language=en|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780877790440 |isbn=978-0-87779-044-0}} * {{cite book |first=James D. G. |last=Dunn |author-link=James Dunn (theologian) |title=Jesus Remembered |language=en|year=2003 |isbn=978-0-8028-3931-2 |publisher=Wm. B. 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Ehrman |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-19-983943-8 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en|url=https://archive.org/details/jesusapocalyptic00ehrm |url-access=registration}} * {{cite book |title=Jesus, Interrupted: Revealing the Hidden Contradictions in the Bible (and Why We Don't Know About Them) |last=Ehrman |first=Bart D. |year=2009 |language=en|url=https://archive.org/details/jesusinterrupted00ehrm_0/ |publisher=HarperOne |isbn=978-0-06-117393-6}} * {{cite book |last=Ehrman |first=Bart D. |title=How Jesus Became God |publisher=HarperCollins |year=2014 |language=en|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dmspAgAAQBAJ |isbn=978-0-06-225219-7}} * {{cite book |first=Bart |last=Ehrman |year=2011 |title=Forged: Writing in the Name of God – Why the Bible's Authors Are Not Who We Think They Are |isbn=978-0-06-207863-6 |language=en|url=https://archive.org/details/forged_ehrm_2011_000_10544376 |url-access=registration |publisher=HarperCollins}} * {{cite book |last=Ehrman |first=Bart D. |title=Did Jesus Exist?: The Historical Argument for Jesus of Nazareth |year=2012 |publisher=HarperOne |isbn=978-0-06-208994-6 |language=en|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hf5Rj8EtsPkC |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-date=3 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803200020/https://books.google.com/books?id=hf5Rj8EtsPkC |url-status=live}} * {{cite book |last=Evans |first=Craig A. |author-link=Craig A. Evans |year=2003 |title=The Bible Knowledge Background Commentary: Matthew–Luke |isbn=978-0-7814-3868-1 |language=en|publisher=Victor (Cook Communications Ministries)|url=https://archive.org/details/bibleknowledgeba00crai}} * {{cite book |first=Craig A. |last=Evans |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=87x8TqW6MJQC |title=Jesus and His World: The Archaeological Evidence |year=2012a |language=en|publisher=Westminster John Knox Press |isbn=978-0-664-23413-3 |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008222033/https://books.google.com/books?id=87x8TqW6MJQC |url-status=live}} * {{cite book |last=Evans |first=Craig A. |title=Matthew (New Cambridge Bible Commentary) |date=2012b |language=en|publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-01106-8}} * {{cite book |last=Finegan |first=Jack |title=Handbook of Biblical Chronology |year=1998 |publisher=Hendrickson Publishers |isbn=978-1-56563-143-4 |language=en|url=https://archive.org/details/handbookbiblical00fine |url-access=limited}} * {{cite book |first=David N. |last=Freedman |author-link=David Noel Freedman |title=Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible |year=2000 |publisher=Amsterdam University Press |language=en|isbn=978-0-8028-2400-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P9sYIRXZZ2MC |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-date=3 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803133406/https://books.google.com/books?id=P9sYIRXZZ2MC |url-status=live}} * {{cite book |last=Friedmann |first=Yohanan |year=1989 |title=Prophecy Continuous: Aspects of Ahmadi Religious Thought and Its Medieval Background |location=Berkeley |language=en|publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-05772-2}} * {{cite book |first1=Robert W. |last1=Funk |first2=Roy W. |last2=Hoover |author3=The Jesus Seminar |author-link3=Jesus Seminar |title=The Five Gospels |language=en|publisher=Scribner |year=1993 |isbn=978-0-02-541949-0}} * {{cite book |first1=Joel B. |last1=Green |first2=Scot |last2=McKnight |first3=I. Howard |last3=Marshall |author-link1=Joel B. Green |author-link2=Scot McKnight |author-link3=I. Howard Marshall |title=Dictionary of Jesus and the Gospels |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9ntwNm-tOogC |language=en|publisher=InterVarsity |year=1992 |page=442 |isbn=978-0-8308-1777-1 |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008222034/https://books.google.com/books?id=9ntwNm-tOogC |url-status=live}} * {{cite book |title=Systematic Theology: An Introduction to Biblical Doctrine |last=Grudem |first=Wayne |author-link=Wayne Grudem |year=1994 |publisher=Zondervan |language=en|location=Grand Rapids, Michigan |isbn=978-0-310-28670-7 |url=https://archive.org/details/systematictheolo00grud_0}} * {{cite book |first=Stephen L. |last=Harris |language=en|title=Understanding the Bible |publisher=Mayfield |year=1985}} * {{cite book |last=Houlden |first=J. Leslie |title=Jesus: The Complete Guide |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-8264-8011-8 |publisher=Continuum |language=en|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ey8mZKV_jfkC |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008222034/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ey8mZKV_jfkC |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Humphreys |first1=Colin J. |last2=Waddington |first2=W. G. |date=1992 |language=en|url=https://legacy.tyndalehouse.com/tynbul/Library/TynBull_1992_43_2_06_Humphreys_DateChristsCrucifixion.pdf |title=The Jewish Calendar, a Lunar Eclipse and the Date of Christ's Crucifixion |journal=Tyndale Bulletin |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=331–151 |doi=10.53751/001c.30487 |s2cid=189519018 |access-date=21 April 2019 |archive-date=21 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190421091510/https://legacy.tyndalehouse.com/tynbul/Library/TynBull_1992_43_2_06_Humphreys_DateChristsCrucifixion.pdf |url-status=live}} * {{cite book |last=Keener |first=Craig S. |title=The Gospel of Matthew: A Socio-Rhetorical Commentary |language=en|date=2009b |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |isbn=978-0-8028-6498-7}} * {{cite book |last=Keener |first=Craig S. |title=The Historical Jesus of the Gospels |date=2009 |language=en|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans}} * {{cite book |last=Keener |first=Craig S. |title=The Historical Jesus of the Gospels |year=2012 |language=en|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |isbn=978-0-8028-6292-1}} * {{cite book |first1=Andreas J. |last1=Köstenberger |first2=L. Scott |last2=Kellum |first3=Charles L. |last3=Quarles |title=The Cradle, the Cross, and the Crown: An Introduction to the New Testament |language=en|year=2009 |isbn=978-0-8054-4365-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g-MG9sFLAz0C |publisher=B&H |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-date=27 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727131059/https://books.google.com/books?id=g-MG9sFLAz0C |url-status=live}} * {{cite book |last=Lawson |first=Todd |year=2009 |title=The Crucifixion and the Qur'an: A Study in the History of Muslim Thought |language=en|location=Oxford |publisher=Oneworld |isbn=978-1-85168-635-3}} * {{cite book |title=Transfiguration |first=Dorothy A. |last=Lee |author-link=Dorothy Lee (theologian) |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-8264-7595-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cYWwEefwCegC |publisher=Continuum |language=en|access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008222034/https://books.google.com/books?id=cYWwEefwCegC |url-status=live}} * {{cite encyclopedia |title=Introduction |first=Amy-Jill |last=Levine |author-link=Amy-Jill Levine |encyclopedia=The Historical Jesus in Context |editor-last1=Levine |editor-last2=Allison |editor-first3=John D. |editor-last3=Crossan |language=en|publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-00992-6 |year=2006 |editor1-first=Amy-Jill |editor2-first=Dale C. |editor2-link=Dale Allison |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HIp_0N3uPPcC |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-date=10 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410102712/http://books.google.com/books?id=HIp_0N3uPPcC |url-status=live}} * {{cite book |title=The Misunderstood Jew: The Church and the Scandal of the Jewish Jesus |first=Amy-Jill |last=Levine |author-link=Amy-Jill Levine |year=2007 |language=en|isbn=978-0-06-174811-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/TheMisunderstoodJewTheChurchAndTheScandalOfTheJewishJesus |publisher=HarperCollins}} * {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rv8xNoRBtxMC |title=The Resurrection of Jesus: A New Historiographical Approach |publisher=InterVarsity |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-8308-2719-0 |first=Michael R. |last=Licona |language=en|access-date=29 July 2015 |archive-date=18 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218101307/https://books.google.com/books?id=rv8xNoRBtxMC |url-status=live}} * {{cite encyclopedia |first=Paul L. |last=Maier |author-link=Paul L. Maier |title=The Date of the Nativity and Chronology of Jesus |encyclopedia=''Chronos'', ''Kairos'', ''Christos'': Nativity and Chronological Studies |editor-last1=Finegan |editor-first2=Jerry |editor-last2=Vardaman |editor-first3=Edwin M. |editor-last3=Yamauchi |year=1989 |isbn=978-0-931464-50-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UCBBY_O88uYC&pg=PA113 |publisher=Eisenbrauns |editor-first=Jack |editor1-link=Jack Finegan |editor3-link=Edwin M. Yamauchi |language=en|access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907110057/https://books.google.com/books?id=UCBBY_O88uYC&pg=PA113 |url-status=live}} * {{cite book |title=The Synoptics: Matthew, Mark, Luke |first1=Ján |last1=Majerník |first2=Joseph |last2=Ponessa |first3=Laurie W. |last3=Manhardt |year=2005 |isbn=978-1-931018-31-9 |language=en|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cqP5xHXGYPQC |publisher=Emmaus Road |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-date=19 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819025434/https://books.google.com/books?id=cqP5xHXGYPQC |url-status=live}} * {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v26doW8jIyYC&pg=PA4 |title=Christianity: An Introduction |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |last=McGrath |first=Alister E. |author-link=Alister McGrath |year=2006 |language=en|pages=4–6 |isbn=978-1-4051-0899-7 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=10 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910073956/https://books.google.com/books?id=v26doW8jIyYC&pg=PA4 |url-status=live}} * {{cite book |last=Meier |first=John P. |author-link=John P. Meier |title=A Marginal Jew: The Roots of the Problem and the Person |year=1991 |publisher=Yale University Press |language=en|isbn=978-0-300-14018-7}} * {{cite encyclopedia |last=Meier |first=John P. |title=How do we decide what comes from Jesus |encyclopedia=The Historical Jesus in Recent Research |editor-last1=Dunn |editor-last2=McKnight |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-57506-100-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=37uJRUF6btAC |editor1-first=James D. G. |publisher=Eisenbrauns |editor2-first=Scot |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008222035/https://books.google.com/books?id=37uJRUF6btAC |url-status=live}} * {{cite book |last1=Melton |first1=J. Gordon |year=2010 |chapter=Ahmad, Mirza Ghulam Hazrat |editor1-last=Melton |editor1-first=J. Gordon |editor2-last=Baumann |editor2-first=Martin |title=Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices |language=en|volume=1 |pages=54–56 |edition=2nd |isbn=978-1-59884-203-6 |location=Santa Barbara |publisher=ABC-CLIO |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v2yiyLLOj88C&pg=PA55 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=21 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021175959/https://books.google.com/books?id=v2yiyLLOj88C&pg=PA55 |url-status=live}} * {{cite book |last1=Mills |first1=Watson E. |last2=Bullard |first2=Roger A. |year=1998 |title=Mercer Dictionary of the Bible |publisher=Mercer University Press |isbn=978-0-86554-373-7 |language=en|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=goq0VWw9rGIC |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=18 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018095243/https://books.google.com/books?id=goq0VWw9rGIC |url-status=live}} * {{cite book |last=Morris |first=Leon |author-link=Leon Morris |year=1992 |title=The Gospel According to Matthew |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |isbn=978-0-85111-338-8 |language=en|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-pwaSKcHyEEC |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-date=2 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802002134/https://books.google.com/books?id=-pwaSKcHyEEC |url-status=live}} * {{cite book |last=Niswonger |first=Richard L. |title=New Testament History |year=1992 |isbn=978-0-310-31201-7 |language=en|publisher=Zondervan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uyAXaNnz9sUC}} * {{cite book |last=Pannenberg |first=Wolfhart |author-link=Wolfhart Pannenberg |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zWfvlpURwiIC |title=Jesus: God and Man |year=1968 |isbn=978-0-334-00783-8 |language=en|publisher=S. C. M. Press |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008222035/https://books.google.com/books?id=zWfvlpURwiIC |url-status=live}} * {{cite book |last=Powell |first=Mark A. |author-link=Mark Allan Powell |title=Jesus as a Figure in History: How Modern Historians View the Man from Galilee |year=1998 |language=en|isbn=978-0-664-25703-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/jesusasfigureinh0000powe |url-access=registration |publisher=Westminster John Knox Press}} * {{cite book |last=Rahner |first=Karl |author-link=Karl Rahner |title=Encyclopedia of Theology: A Concise ''Sacramentum Mundi'' |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-86012-006-3 |publisher=Continuum |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WtnR-6_PlJAC |language=en|access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-date=27 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727115653/https://books.google.com/books?id=WtnR-6_PlJAC |url-status=live}} * {{cite book |title=Who Is Jesus? An Introduction to Christology |first=Thomas P. |last=Rausch |author-link=Thomas Rausch |language=en|year=2003 |publisher=Liturgical Press |isbn=978-0-8146-5078-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8OJCa6euw5gC |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008222036/https://books.google.com/books?id=8OJCa6euw5gC |url-status=live}} * {{cite book |last=Redford |first=Douglas |title=The Life and Ministry of Jesus: The Gospels |year=2007 |language=en|isbn=978-0-7847-1900-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dDMQz5BVFbEC |publisher=Standard Publishing |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008222036/https://books.google.com/books?id=dDMQz5BVFbEC |url-status=live}} * {{cite book |title=Archaeology and the Galilean Jesus: A Re-examination of the Evidence |first=Jonathan L. |last=Reed |year=2002 |isbn=978-1-56338-394-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xrav1ge-A_sC |language=en|publisher=Continuum |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-date=4 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160504050031/https://books.google.com/books?id=Xrav1ge-A_sC |url-status=live}} * {{cite book |last=Robinson |first=Neal |year=1991 |title=Christ in Islam and Christianity |location=Albany |language=en|publisher=State University of New York Press |isbn=978-0-7914-0559-8}} * {{cite encyclopedia |last=Robinson |first=Neal |year=2005 |title=Jesus |editor1-last=McAuliffe |editor1-first=Jane Dammen |language=en|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān |publisher=Brill |doi=10.1163/1875-3922_q3_EQCOM_00099}} * {{cite book |last=Sanders |first=E.&nbsp;P. |author-link=E. P. Sanders |title=The Historical Figure of Jesus |language=en|publisher=Allen Lane Penguin Press |year=1993 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lkbTL36ZgPIC |isbn=978-0-14-192822-7 |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-date=18 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170418040039/https://books.google.com/books?id=lkbTL36ZgPIC |url-status=live}} * {{cite book |last1=Theissen |first1=Gerd |author-link1=Gerd Theissen |last2=Merz |first2=Annette |author-link2=Annette Merz |year=1998 |title=The Historical Jesus: A Comprehensive Guide |isbn=978-1-4514-0863-8 |language=en|publisher=Fortress Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3ZU97DQMH6UC |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-date=5 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805091805/https://books.google.com/books?id=3ZU97DQMH6UC |url-status=live}} * {{cite book |title=The Quest for the Plausible Jesus: The Question of Criteria |first1=Gerd |last1=Theissen |first2=Dagmar |last2=Winter |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-664-22537-7 |publisher=Westminster John Knox Press |language=en|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qB5ulgKx4OUC |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008222036/https://books.google.com/books?id=qB5ulgKx4OUC |url-status=live}} * {{cite book |first=Graham H. |last=Twelftree |author-link=Graham Twelftree |title=Jesus the Miracle Worker: A Historical & Theological Study |isbn=978-0-8308-1596-8 |language=en|url=https://archive.org/details/jesusmiraclework00grah/page/95 |year=1999 |publisher=InterVarsity |page=[https://archive.org/details/jesusmiraclework00grah/page/95 95]}} * {{cite book |last=Van Voorst |first=Robert E. |year=2000 |title=Jesus Outside the New Testament: An Introduction to the Ancient Evidence |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |isbn=978-0-8028-4368-5 |language=en|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lwzliMSRGGkC |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-date=19 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819143206/https://books.google.com/books?id=lwzliMSRGGkC |url-status=live}} * {{cite book |title=Expository Dictionary of New Testament Words |last=Vine |first=William E. |author-link=William Edwy Vine |orig-year=1940 |language=en|year=1985|publisher=Fleming H. Revell |isbn=978-0-916441-31-9|ref={{SfnRef|Vine|1940}} }} * {{cite book |title=Jesus the Jew: A Historian's Reading of the Gospels |last=Vermes |first=Geza |author-link1=Geza Vermes |year=1981 |publisher=First Fortress |location=Philadelphia |isbn=978-0-8006-1443-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RvSEK2HALnwC |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008222037/https://books.google.com/books?id=RvSEK2HALnwC |url-status=live}} * {{cite book |title=The Bible Knowledge Commentary: New Testament |first1=John F. |last1=Walvoord |author-link1=John Walvoord |first2=Roy B. |last2=Zuck |year=1983 |language=en|isbn=978-0-88207-812-0 |publisher=David C. Cook |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DP4UiA4gQNMC |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008222037/https://books.google.com/books?id=DP4UiA4gQNMC |url-status=live}} * {{cite book |title=The Jesus Quest: The Third Search for the Jew of Nazareth |first=Ben |last=Witherington |author-link=Ben Witherington III |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-8308-1544-9 |publisher=InterVarsity |language=en|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IE_T3Xh2fyUC |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008222039/https://books.google.com/books?id=IE_T3Xh2fyUC |url-status=live}} {{refend}} [[Categoria:Jesus Cristo]] [[Categoria:Cristianisme]] 90s0vobbq4iqm9xohecnecou12f886u Republica Poplal de Donetsc 0 8022 43266 43263 2026-07-09T14:43:51Z Flamme-Bleue 2866 43266 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Donetsk People's Republic.svg|250px|right|thumb|La flag de la republica]] La '''Republica Poplal de Donetsc''' es un rejion en [[Rusia]]. La republica ia es creada en la anio 2022. La Republica de Saha ave un area de 26 517 km². La popla es 2 244 547 persones. La sentro de la rejion es la site [[Donetsc]]. {{Divides political de Rusia}} [[Categoria:Republicas de Rusia|Donetsc]] el2joqx903eafoigz2tfu0cpzsxingg 43267 43266 2026-07-09T18:48:06Z Flamme-Bleue 2866 43267 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Donetsk People's Republic.svg|250px|right|thumb|La flag de la republica]] La '''Republica Poplal de Donetsc''' es un un rejion de disputa en [[Rusia]], creada a 30 setembre 2022 durante la atas de gera en Ucraina par la resultas de un referendo. [[Ucraina]] e la plu parte de la comunia internasional considera esta teritorio como un parte de Ucraina. La republica ia es creada en la anio 2022. La Republica de Saha ave un area de 26 517 km². La popla es 2 244 547 persones. La sentro de la rejion es la site [[Donetsc]]. {{Divides political de Rusia}} [[Categoria:Republicas de Rusia|Donetsc]] fgun1du45mr8uiet3kqd96rf5mn338n 43269 43267 2026-07-09T18:48:44Z Flamme-Bleue 2866 43269 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Donetsk People's Republic.svg|250px|right|thumb|La flag de la republica]] La '''Republica Poplal de Donetsc''' es un un rejion de disputa en [[Rusia]], creada a 30 setembre 2022 durante la atas de gera en Ucraina par la resultas de un referendo. [[Ucraina]] e la plu parte de la comunia internasional considera esta teritorio como un parte de Ucraina. La Republica de Saha ave un area de 26 517 km². La popla es 2 244 547 persones. La sentro de la rejion es la site [[Donetsc]]. {{Divides political de Rusia}} [[Categoria:Republicas de Rusia|Donetsc]] 9kejb2txu4yqf6t8sqz02ta7n9u3g6t 43270 43269 2026-07-09T19:00:04Z Flamme-Bleue 2866 43270 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Donetsk People's Republic.svg|250px|right|thumb|La flag de la republica]] La '''Republica Poplal de Donetsc''' es un un rejion de disputa en [[Rusia]], creada a 30 setembre 2022 durante la atas de gera en Ucraina par la resultas de un referendo. [[Ucraina]] e la plu parte de la comunia internasional considera esta teritorio como un parte de Ucraina (la [[oblast de Donetsc]]). La Republica de Saha ave un area de 26 517 km². La popla es 2 244 547 persones. La sentro de la rejion es la site [[Donetsc]]. {{Divides political de Rusia}} [[Categoria:Republicas de Rusia|Donetsc]] r5nhfode5u8h3agvqigfoelzwyb61cx Republica Poplal de Luhansc 0 8023 43265 2026-07-09T14:38:26Z Flamme-Bleue 2866 Paje creada con "[[File:Flag of the Luhansk People's Republic.svg|250px|right|thumb|La flag de la republica]] La '''Republica Poplal de Luhansc''' es un rejion en [[Rusia]]. La republica ia es creada en la anio 2022. La Republica Poplal de Luhans ave un area de 8377 km². La popla es 1 400 000 persones. La sentro de la rejion es la site [[Luhansc]]. {{Divides political de Rusia}} [[Categoria:Republicas de Rusia|Donetsc]]" 43265 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of the Luhansk People's Republic.svg|250px|right|thumb|La flag de la republica]] La '''Republica Poplal de Luhansc''' es un rejion en [[Rusia]]. La republica ia es creada en la anio 2022. La Republica Poplal de Luhans ave un area de 8377 km². La popla es 1 400 000 persones. La sentro de la rejion es la site [[Luhansc]]. {{Divides political de Rusia}} [[Categoria:Republicas de Rusia|Donetsc]] 3j97j23ho93toftii5unqjlpvvztlip 43268 43265 2026-07-09T18:48:26Z Flamme-Bleue 2866 43268 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of the Luhansk People's Republic.svg|250px|right|thumb|La flag de la republica]] La '''Republica Poplal de Luhansc''' es un un rejion de disputa en [[Rusia]], creada a 30 setembre 2022 durante la atas de gera en Ucraina par la resultas de un referendo. [[Ucraina]] e la plu parte de la comunia internasional considera esta teritorio como un parte de Ucraina. La Republica Poplal de Luhans ave un area de 8377 km². La popla es 1 400 000 persones. La sentro de la rejion es la site [[Luhansc]]. {{Divides political de Rusia}} [[Categoria:Republicas de Rusia|Donetsc]] 5y4fmdi0eqe5qfmflydegdd989b1iz2