Wikipedia lgwiki https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olupapula_Olusooka MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.9 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk Wikipedia:Community Portal 4 2198 58714 57804 2026-07-04T03:16:36Z B722N 6898 /* Deployment of Legal and Safety Contacts Link in the Footer of Your Wiki */ Ekyokuddamu 58714 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikipedia:Community Portal/Header}} == Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 == Dear Wikimedia communities, We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year. ''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.'' In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects. We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community. 📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]] If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]] * [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]] ''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]''''' ''Stay connected and receive updates:'' * [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel] * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list] We look forward to collaborating with you and your community. '''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:45, 16 Gusooka 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Ebibindabinda]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29879549 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> ;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 Dear Wiki Community, We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia. The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects. ;About the Campaign '''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices. ;What Can Participants Write About? Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to: * Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations * Folk dances, music, and traditional performances * Women and queer figures in folklore * Women in mythology and oral traditions * Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives * Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends * Folk games, sports, and cultural practices Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools. ;How to Sign Up as an Organizer Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community: # Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] # Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool # Prepare a local article list and clearly mention: #* Campaign timeline #* Local and international prizes # Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]] # Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]''' ;Campaign Tools The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants: * '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats. * '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]''' ;Learn More & Get Support For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''. If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via: * '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]''' * Email us using details on the contact page. ;Join Us We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia. Thank you and best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]''' ---- ''Stay connected:'' [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> == Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Hello everyone, We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe. ;About Wiki Loves Folklore '''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight: * Folk traditions and rituals * Cultural festivals and celebrations * Traditional attire and crafts * Performing arts, music, and dance * Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world. [[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] ; Host a Local Edition As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to: * Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture * Engage new contributors in your community * Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:''' If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know. If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region. ;Get in Touch If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via: * The project Talk pages * Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org''' We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail. Warm regards, '''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''' </div> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 13:21, 18 Gusooka 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Ebibindabinda]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=29228188 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Annual review of the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 9 February 2026. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> 21:01, 19 Gusooka 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Ebibindabinda]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29905753 --> == Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]] {{int:please-translate}} Dear Wikipedians! [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''. The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences. 🧩'''How to participate?''' Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine. 🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''. '''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.''' If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&messages=&language=en&x=D banner] into your own language. Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC) </div> (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Ebibindabinda]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) == Hello everyone, This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as <code>Module:Itemgroup/list</code>). '''The Change:'''<br /> Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''. '''What You Need To Do:'''<br /> To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search. '''Deadline:'''<br /> We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles. Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 17:11, 3 Gwakuna(Kafuumuulampawu) 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Ebibindabinda]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29941252 --> == Request for comment (global AI policy) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}} A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 00:58, 26 Gwakuna(Kafuumuulampawu) 2026 (UTC) </bdi> (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Ebibindabinda]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30424282 --> == lgwiki should avoid using hard links to enwiki == Hello. I am from Wikipedia in French and I helped {{u|B722N}} with AWB. I noticed that on this wiki, people use links to the English Wikipedia but make them appear as lgwiki links (e.g. <code><nowiki>[[:en:2021 Ugandan general election|kulonda kwa bonna mu Uganda okwa 2021]]</nowiki></code>). This is not a good long-term solution, as these links will always take readers to the English Wikipedia, even after an article is created on the Luganda Wikipedia. The use of [[:en:Template:Interlanguage link]] can avoid this. It will create a red link that also shows links to other Wikipedias using their language codes (for example, the link above would look like this: [[kulonda kwa bonna mu Uganda okwa 2021]] <small>[<nowiki/>[[:en:2021 Ugandan general election|en]]]</small> ). When the article is created on this wiki, the link will turn blue and the links to other languages will disappear. A bot is needed to replace the template with normal links once the article exists, but this can be done later (you may ask the owner of bots doing this on other wikis to do the same here). The latest version of the template uses modules, but it is possible to create a version that only uses templates for simplicity. Notify me if you need help you to create a basic template if needed, and I have an AWB bot that can replace the links to enwiki with the new template when it will be created. Just mind that I am not competent in lua modules, and I don't speak a word of Luganda. Best regards, [[User:SyntaxTerror|SyntaxTerror]] ([[User talk:SyntaxTerror|talk]]) 13:36, 8 Gwakutaano(Muzigo) 2026 (UTC) :Thank you so much for the help, @[[User:SyntaxTerror|SyntaxTerror]], that you gave me on AWB. It was very helpful. :If possible, we also request you to train us or point us to someone (or a community) that can help us learn how to use AutoWikiBrowser (AWB), because the tutorials online both on YouTube and on Wikimedia Commons—do not go in depth on how to use it. :We certainly need your help as a community to create the basic template(s), as well as other templates. :As the Luganda community, where the majority of members are part of the Wikimedia Community User Group Uganda, we are facing multiple challenges, including: :# Translating categories and templates :# Automating repetitive tasks such as fixing categorization, correcting typos, and fixing article titles that were created in uppercase, among other issues :# Translating and creating templates :# A lack of local admins, and those we have do not know what to do :# Some gadgets, bots, and tools are not activated on this Wikipedia, and we don't know where to request them<br /> :As a result, most of the work being done by volunteers on this Wikipedia is largely trial and error try and fail, try again until you get it right. And if they fail for good, they become demotivated and stop trying. Getting someone or a community that would help us improve would be highly appreciated. :Some of the active Luganda community members who are training others on how to contribute to the Luganda Wikipedia, and who can also speak and write Luganda fluently, include: :# @[[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]], :# @[[User:Solomon Suubi|Solomon Suubi]], :# @[[User:Nambogo Catharine|Nambogo Catharine]], :# @[[User:Ssenkungu ivan|Ssenkungu ivan]] :# @[[User:Geossegawa|Geossegawa]] :Thank you so much for reaching out. [[User:B722N|B722N]] ([[User talk:B722N|talk]]) 16:12, 8 Gwakutaano(Muzigo) 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:SyntaxTerror|SyntaxTerror]] your concern is well noted and will surely be taken care of moving forward. I also associate myself with the ideas and requests submitted by @[[User:B722N|B722N]] above and wish to inform you that the team in charge of the luganda wiki under the leadership of @[[User:Ssenkungu ivan|Ssenkungu ivan]] is willing and available to learn more [[User:Geossegawa|Geossegawa]] ([[User talk:Geossegawa|talk]]) 16:33, 8 Gwakutaano(Muzigo) 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:B722N|B722N]] & [[User:Geossegawa|Geossegawa]]. ::Sorry, but I'll be a little negative... 😛 ::I'm quite fluent in English, but have problems when it comes to ''technical'' English, and I have no knowledge in any language programming, except wikicode and a bit of regex. ::I'm also not very competent in AWB, and learning it from scratch is quite complicated. ::Even on frwiki, the documentation is scarce and doesn't really help in real cases, and on enwiki it is not always up to date (I read B722N's message there after asking for help about the AWB plugins tuto that is outdated since at least 2015, and didn't get much help). ::The most important thing seems to be competent in regex (.NET flavour for AWB, use [https://regex101.com/ regex101.com] for tests and don't forget to choose .NET). ::You can get some help on [https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/mediawiki-templates stackoverflow.com], there is not a big amount of people that can can help for wikicode, but there are some geniuses in regex. ::I sometimes use [https://chat.qwen.ai/ qwen.ai] to design regexes for me, but it is not 100% reliable, especially for complex ones. ::Maybe [[mw:Manual:Pywikibot|Pywikibot]] is more powerful and can do more things, but I don't use it and don't know python. ::I've been told that AI bots (e.g. [https://claude.ai claude.ai]) are better at designing python code than for AWB plugins' C#/Visual Basic, but I haven't tested them. ::. ::A positive thing is that people that speak Luganda are probably also fluent in English, so importing templates from enwiki and keeping their parameters in English can be a good temporary solution (many Wikipedias do this, even frwiki has some technical templates in English). ::You can also read enwiki's help pages and get help there (but be aware that cross-wiki relations are always a bit difficult to say the least, and views on what has to be done and how are most of the time different, so it is good to have a strong local community, with competent bot owners that can solve most problems). ::To get help from other Wikipedia's bots, the best is to ask directly to their owner. ::Most of the time, the fully automated bot can run on different wikis. ::For example, [[:en:User:Cewbot|Cewbot]], the bot that removes [[:en:Template:Interlanguage link]] when the article is created, is owned by someone from Wikipedia in Chinese who only has a basic knowledge of English, according to his user page. ::Importing JavaScript gadgets can also help. On frwiki we have [[:fr:Projet:Scripts et gadgets/Notices/CatRename|CatRename]] that can rename categories in semi-automated mode for any user (it takes control of the user account and makes up to 250 edits per 24 hours every 5 seconds). I don't know if there is an equivalent on enwiki. ::. ::Anyway, what lgwiki needs is bot owners fluent in Luganda that also know well HTML, CSS, JS, etc. ::I know this can seem difficult to find, but there is never enough bots. Even on frwiki we don't have enough, and the backlog of wikicode, typography, lint errors, etc. is huge. ::On the other hand, bots cannot do everything, and sometimes in complex cases, thousands of articles need human intervention, and only a few a ready to do it. ::Do not try to do everything at once, it is never possible. Focus on one issue at a time, then move to the next. (don't worry, there will always be a technical issue somewhere). ::. ::I'll look how to import [[:en:Template:Interlanguage link]] here, with the needed metatemplates and modules, then I may ask for a bot status to implement it, if you have only 9,000 pages and 5,000 articles, it'll be a piece of cake. ::It is best to keep the templates in English for now, focus rather on the article content (keeping red links will encourage article creation). ::Parameters can be in Luganda, but should also have aliases in English. ::Template names can also be in Luganda, but they should be redirects to templates with an English name. ::You can trust me, I imported some templates on frwiki from enwiki, and translating the metatemplates names is not a good idea, same for parameters names. ::. ::I just had a look at [[Special:Statistics]] and you only have ONE admin, who is not even a person ({{u|Abuse filter}}), and no [[:en:WP:bureaucrat|bureaucrat]] to give user rights, so you must rely on global bureaucrats I guess. ::This is a real problem, but be careful to take competent people for these tasks. ::I have been an admin (and bureaucrat) on a wikia I created [https://alphabettysaga.fandom.com/fr/wiki/Alphabetty_Wiki] and also on the version in English [https://alphabettysaga.fandom.com/wiki/Alphabetty_Wiki], so I have some knowledge about it and may ask for the user right here to help with some edits, but I'm not planning to do much, and I definitely don't want to be the only one. ::Bureaucrats are essential to the smooth running of wikis. On the French-language Wikiquote, the only bureaucrat is inactive, which is paralysing the entire project. [[User:SyntaxTerror|SyntaxTerror]] ([[User talk:SyntaxTerror|talk]]) 22:21, 8 Gwakutaano(Muzigo) 2026 (UTC) :::Actually, small wikis must have at least 6 permanent admins to have a bureaucrat. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Steward_requests/Permissions/Minimum_voting_requirements#Bureaucrat]. :::Global [[:mw:Stewards|stewards]] take care of the giving user rights in the meantime. [[User:SyntaxTerror|SyntaxTerror]] ([[User talk:SyntaxTerror|talk]]) 22:39, 8 Gwakutaano(Muzigo) 2026 (UTC) ::::I imported {{t|Interlanguage link}} here (shortcut: {{t|ill}}) and it seems to work with the modules already present (I didn't check in depth, but we need to talk about Luganda spelling and grammar before I can start to replace the links automatically : [[Template talk:Interlanguage link#Replacing the hard links to enwiki with a bot]] ) : ::::*<code><nowiki>{{ill|kulonda kwa bonna mu Uganda okwa 2021|en|2021 Ugandan general election}}</nowiki></code> produces : {{Interlanguage link|kulonda kwa bonna mu Uganda okwa 2021|en|2021 Ugandan general election}} ::::*<code><nowiki>{{ill|Olubiri lwa Ropsha|de|Ropscha-Palast|fr|Palais de Ropcha|ru|Ропшинский дворец}}</nowiki></code> produces : {{ill|Olubiri lwa Ropsha|de|Ropscha-Palast|fr|Palais de Ropcha|ru|Ропшинский дворец}} ::::Note that I had to update the modules for this template to work properly, so if an imported template using other templates or modules doesn't work as intended, try to update them (you may have to [[:en:Help:Purge#Purge_request_to_server|purge]] the template page). ::::And you've probably noticed that I added a new header to this page (you can modify it in [[Wikipedia:Community Portal/Header]]), and I archived the 2011-2025 messages in [[Wikipedia:Community Portal/Archive 2011-2025]] (that's why the page now loads ten times faster 🤭). ::::I also imported dozens of templates and modules from enwiki, mainly related to other templates and modules and the 'non-main' pages. There will probably be missing templates/modules in their docs, but this is a huge task, especially since enwiki uses tempaltes and modules, for the most mundane things, with loads of redirects. ::::And I created [[WP:Bots]] and [[WP:Bots/Requests for approval]] (without editing the content yet). I'll look into it later to make them similar to enwiki. ::::[[User:SyntaxTerror|SyntaxTerror]] ([[User talk:SyntaxTerror|talk]]) 17:47, 9 Gwakutaano(Muzigo) 2026 (UTC) :::Thank you so much, @[[User:SyntaxTerror|SyntaxTerror]], for the work you have done so far toward the improvement of Luganda Wikipedia and for sharing your knowledge with us. The information you have provided is very enriching, and we would greatly appreciate the opportunity to have sessions with you to further guide us on what to do and how to do it. :::As you know, the Wikimedia ecosystem can be quite broad, and at times one can get lost in research that keeps leading deeper and deeper without clear direction. :::As I mentioned earlier, there are experienced editors who are very fluent in Luganda and are ready to take on permanent administrator roles. However, the challenge lies in understanding how to request these rights, what responsibilities come with them, and the requirements involved, so that we can share the workload and support each other in strengthening Luganda Wikipedia. :::I would therefore like to request virtual sessions between you and the experienced editors from Luganda Wikipedia at a time and date that are convenient for you. :::I will also use the [[Special:EmailUser]] feature to send you an email so that we can continue this discussion further on bots, administratorship, AWB, importing templates, and other related topics. :::Thank you once again. [[User:B722N|B722N]] ([[User talk:B722N|talk]]) 08:55, 11 Gwakutaano(Muzigo) 2026 (UTC) ::::Hallo @[[User:B722N|B722N]]and @[[User:SyntaxTerror|SyntaxTerror]]. I am really happy to see this development coming up. As a senior editor of Luganda Wiki, I know how big this work would be to correct all these wiki-links. ::::May we please have the suggested online session, so that @[[User:SyntaxTerror|SyntaxTerror]] implements the idea! I will be waiting for your suggested date, then I will mobilize the editors to attend and participate. [[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]] ([[User talk:Ssemmanda will|talk]]) 19:26, 1 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) :::::Hello @[[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]]. :::::After studying carefully the links, it doesn't seem possible to do this, even for links that have the same names on lgwiki and enwiki. :::::All edits need to be made semi-automatically, by someone understanding Luganda, or some links may not be accurate. :::::Also, I kinda gave up, as there is practically no-one on lgwiki with the needed knowledge in wikicode, and I don't speak Luganda. :::::Even for a {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}-article wiki, thousands of meta pages (templates, modules, etc.) are needed, and I'm not competent enough in lua nor HTML/CSS to handle this. <span class="nowrap">[[User talk:SyntaxTerror|Şÿℵדαχ₮ɘɼɾ๏ʁ]]</span> 19:38, 1 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) ::::::Sorry @[[User:SyntaxTerror|SyntaxTerror]] for the hardships you passed through. I know that the community has not yet advanced much into wikicode. But we can learn under your guidance. I am sure that if we have virtual engagements together with @[[User:B722N|B722N]], @[[User:Solomon Suubi|Solomon Suubi]] and I, we can easily do what seems hard for you, due to the language barrier. Please don't give up on us, I beg you!! [[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]] ([[User talk:Ssemmanda will|talk]]) 19:45, 1 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) :::::::I'm sorry, but I only planned to help with the links to other wikis in articles, and I don't want to have talks outside of Wikipedia (on Zoom or things like that). :::::::You should go check [[Template talk:Interlanguage link]] and start using this template (shortcut: {{t|ill}}). :::::::For the rest, I have only little knowledge and I wouldn't want to lead you in the wrong directions. :::::::You'd better ask the Wikimedia Foundation (?) if some of their employees can help you. :::::::The best is to learn by yourselves, as I did years ago with wikicode, AWB, Inkscape, etc. :::::::A base of contributors with good technical knowledge is mandatory, I may be a little part of this base, but I cannot handle everything, and it is not healthy to rely on people not speaking the language. :::::::If you are only looking to have a handful of articles in Luganda, it may work for some time, but this Wikipedia will never grow nor be really useful. It will only be a cheap version of enwiki, that cannot survive without it. :::::::Sorry to not be very positive, but I prefer to be frank. <span class="nowrap">[[User talk:SyntaxTerror|Şÿℵדαχ₮ɘɼɾ๏ʁ]]</span> 20:27, 1 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) ::::::::Thank you dear @[[User:SyntaxTerror|SyntaxTerror]] for your advice. We shall discuss it as a community and look for help from the Language Diversity Hub [[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]] ([[User talk:Ssemmanda will|talk]]) 21:45, 1 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Vote now in the 2026 U4C election</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2026 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|2026 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 2 June 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC]. Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 14 June 2026. -- In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17:14, 27 Gwakutaano(Muzigo) 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Ebibindabinda]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == Call to participate: Proposed baseline Neutral Point of View (NPOV) standard == Hello-hello! I am inviting you to participate in the public discussion regarding a proposed baseline Neutral Point of View (NPOV) standard. The proposed baseline is meant for the Wikipedias which do not yet have an NPOV policy, for these communities to adopt, use, and build upon. [[m:Proposed_baseline_NPOV_standard#Proposed_baseline_NPOV_standard|You can find the proposed text here]]. As your Wikipedia does not seem to have an NPOV policy, we hope that this public discussion and proposed baseline standard will support your project community in adopting one. [[m:Talk:Proposed_baseline_NPOV_standard|You can join the public discussion on meta]]<nowiki>. The timeframe for the discussion is from June 17 - July 15, 2026. Looking forward to engagement from your community and hopefully seeing your community to adopt the Neutral Point of View policy! --~~~~</nowiki> [[User:KVaidla (WMF)|KVaidla (WMF)]] ([[User talk:KVaidla (WMF)|talk]]) 08:25, 19 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) == RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this message to your language. You are invited to participate in a [[c:Commons:Requests for comment/Policy update for AI content|request for comment on Wikimedia Commons about a policy update for AI content]]. This may affect files that are uploaded to Wikimedia Commons for use on this project. Thank you. [[m:User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[m:User talk:Codename Noreste|yogera nange]])</bdi> 17:11, 23 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Ebibindabinda]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Deployment of Legal and Safety Contacts Link in the Footer of Your Wiki</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="Message"/> '''Legal & Safety Contacts''' Hello community, the Wikimedia Foundation has provided a [[wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contact Information|single legal and safety contact page]], to be linked in the footer of your wiki, to ensure access to accurate legal information. This is a regulatory requirement. We have already rolled out links to English, German, Italian, Spanish and other wikis and we will deploy to your wiki soon. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contacts_FAQ|Please read more on the project page]] and leave any comments in this thread or on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contacts FAQ|talk page]]. <section end="Message"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:29, 25 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :Thank you @[[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] [[User:B722N|B722N]] ([[User talk:B722N|talk]]) 03:16, 4 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Ebibindabinda]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=30731267 --> 0fqpvlxkvcf3hfgjeon5xbc0u97658q Talk:Boda-boda 1 4050 58524 17608 2026-07-03T12:58:54Z NVNkz 11218 /* External links */ 58524 wikitext text/x-wiki == EBIJANJALO MUNSI YONNA == {{Other uses}} {{pp-move-indef|small=yes}}{{refimprove|date=June 2007}} [[Image:Painted Pony Bean.JPG|thumb|275px|"Painted Pony" dry bean (''[[Phaseolus vulgaris]]'')]] '''Ebijanjalo''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|iː|n}}) lyelinya eriwebwa ekirime ekigazi era [[nsigo]] era nga amaka agasinga gabilya nga enva oba e mmere [[genus|genera]] ya [[family (biology)|family]] [[Fabaceae]] (alternately [[Leguminosae]]) nga mwekyo bikola nga emmere eri abantu n'ebisolo. == ENSIBUKO == E kigambo oba erinya ''bijanjalo'' lyasibuka mu nsigo ya [[Vicia faba|broad or fava bean]],{{citation needed|date=July 2012}} naye oluvanyuma erinya eryo lyagaziwa ne lifuuka lyatuunzi eri buli muntu mu nsi yonna ''[[Phaseolus]]'', kwe kugamba [[ebijanjalo byabulijjo]] nga Nambale, Kanyebwa,ne [[runner bean]], n'ebika ebira ''[[Vigna]]''. Kale n'ekyo erinya oba ekigambo bijjanjalo kyeyambisibwa abantu bangi ku birime bingi eby'ensigo okugeza [[soya]], [[kawo]], [[chickpea]]s (garbanzos), [[vetch]]es, and [[lupin]]s.{{Citation needed|date=November 2009|reason=no reference for addition}} ''Ekijanjalo'' obwolumu kikozesebwa nga synonym ya ''[[Pulse (legume)|pulse]]'',{{citation needed|date=July 2012}} ekyokulya [[legume]], though the term ''pulses'' is more correctly reserved for leguminous crops harvested for their dry grain. The term ''bean'' usually excludes crops used mainly for [[oil]] extraction (such as soy-beans and pea-nuts), as well as those used exclusively for [[sowing]] purposes (such as [[clover]] and [[alfalfa]]). Leguminous crops harvested green for food, such as [[snap pea]]s, [[snow pea]]s, and so on, are not considered beans, and are classified as vegetable crops. According to the United Nations [[Food and Agriculture Organization]] the term ''bean'' should include only species of ''Phaseolus''; however, a strict consensus definition has proven difficult because in the past, several species such as ''Vigna'' ''angularis'' (azuki bean), ''mungo'' ([[black gram]]), ''radiata'' ([[green gram]]), ''aconitifolia'' (moth bean)) were classified as ''Phaseolus'' and later reclassified. The use of the term ''bean'' to refer to species other than ''Phaseolus'' thus remains. In some countries, the term ''bean'' can mean a host of different species.<ref>{{cite web|title=Definition And Classification Of Commodities (See Chapter 4)|publisher=FAO, United Nations|year=1994|url=http://www.fao.org/es/faodef/faodefe.htm}}</ref> In English usage, the word ''bean'' is also sometimes used to refer to the seeds or pods of plants that are not in the family leguminosae, but which bear a superficial resemblance to true beans—for example [[coffee bean]]s, [[castor bean]]s and [[cocoa beans]] (which resemble bean seeds), and [[vanilla bean]]s, which superficially resemble bean pods. ==Cultivation== [[File:Field beans near Pendomer - geograph.org.uk - 1463701.jpg|thumb|right|Field beans (broad beans, ''[[Vicia faba]]'', ready for harvest]] Unlike the closely related pea, beans are a summer crop that needs warm temperatures to grow. Maturity is typically 55–60 days from planting to harvest. As the bean pods mature, they turn yellow and dry up, and the beans inside change from green to their [[Phaseolus vulgaris|mature colour]]. As a vine, bean plants need external support, which may be provided in the form of special "bean cages" or poles. Native Americans customarily grew them along with corn and squash (the so-called [[Three Sisters (agriculture)|Three Sisters]]), with the tall [[plant stem|cornstalks]] acting as support for the beans. In more recent times, the so-called "bush bean" has been developed which does not require support and has all its pods develop simultaneously (as opposed to pole beans which develop gradually). This makes the bush bean more practical for commercial production. ==History== [[File:Annibale Carracci The Beaneater.jpg|thumb|''[[The Beaneater]]'' (1580-90) by [[Annibale Carracci]]]] [[File:Beans on toast.jpg|thumb|Cooked beans on toast]] Beans are one of the longest-cultivated plants. [[Broad beans]], also called fava beans, in their wild state the size of a small fingernail, were gathered in [[Afghanistan]] and the Himalayan foothills.<ref>Kaplan, pp. 27 ff</ref> In a form improved from naturally occurring types, they were grown in Thailand since the early seventh millennium BCE, predating ceramics.<ref>{{cite journal|pmid=17742735|year=1969|last1=Gorman|first1=CF|title=Hoabinhian: A pebble-tool complex with early plant associations in southeast Asia|volume=163|issue=3868|pages=671–3|doi=10.1126/science.163.3868.671|journal=Science}}</ref> They were deposited with the dead in [[ancient Egypt]]. Not until the second millennium BCE did cultivated, large-seeded broad beans appear in the Aegean, Iberia and transalpine Europe.<ref>Daniel Zohary and Maria Hopf ''Domestication of Plants in the Old World'' Oxford University Press, 2012, ISBN 0199549060, p. 114.</ref> In the ''[[Iliad]]'' (8th century BCE) is a passing mention of beans and [[chickpea]]s cast on the threshing floor.<ref>"And as in some great threshing-floor go leaping From a broad pan the black-skinned beans or peas." (''Iliad'' xiii, 589).</ref> Beans were an important source of [[Protein in nutrition|protein]] throughout Old and New World history, and still are today. The oldest-known domesticated beans in the Americas were found in [[Guitarrero Cave]], an archaeological site in [[Peru]], and dated to around the second millennium BCE.<ref name=Chazan/> Most of the kinds commonly eaten fresh or dried, those of the genus ''Phaseolus'', come originally from the Americas, being first seen by a European when [[Christopher Columbus]], during his exploration of what may have been the [[Bahamas]], found them growing in fields. Five kinds of ''[[Phaseolus]]'' beans were domesticated<ref>Kaplan, p. 30: Domestication, besides involving selection for larger seed size, also involved selection for pods that did not curl and open when ripe, scattering the beans they contained..</ref> by pre-Columbian peoples: common beans (''[[Phaseolus vulgaris]]'') grown from Chile to the northern part of what is now the United States, and lima and sieva beans (''[[Phaseolus lunatus]]''), as well as the less widely distributed teparies (''[[Phaseolus acutifolius]]''), scarlet runner beans (''[[Phaseolus coccineus]]'') and polyanthus beans (''[[Phaseolus polyanthus]]'')<ref>Kaplan, p. 30</ref> One especially famous use of beans by pre-Columbian people as far north as the Atlantic seaboard is the "[[Three Sisters (agriculture)|Three Sisters]]" method of [[companion plant]] cultivation: :In the New World, many tribes would grow beans together with [[maize]] (corn), and [[Squash (plant)|squash]]. The corn would not be planted in rows as is done by European agriculture, but in a checkerboard/hex fashion across a field, in separate patches of one to six stalks each. :Beans would be planted around the base of the developing stalks, and would vine their way up as the stalks grew. All American beans at that time were vine plants, "bush beans" having been bred only more recently. The cornstalks would work as a [[Trellis (agriculture)|trellis]] for the beans, and the beans would provide much-needed [[nitrogen]] for the corn. :Squash would be planted in the spaces between the patches of corn in the field. They would be provided slight shelter from the sun by the corn, would shade the soil and reduce evaporation, and would deter many animals from attacking the corn and beans because their coarse, hairy vines and broad, stiff leaves are difficult or uncomfortable for animals such as deer and raccoons to walk through, crows to land on, etc. Dry beans come from both Old World varieties of broad beans (fava beans) and New World varieties (kidney, black, cranberry, pinto, navy/haricot). Beans are a [[heliotropic]] plant, meaning that the leaves tilt throughout the day to face the sun. At night, they go into a folded "sleep" position. ==Types== Currently, the world genebanks hold about 40,000 bean varieties, although only a fraction are mass-produced for regular consumption.<ref>Laura McGinnis and Jan Suszkiw, ARS. Breeding Better Beans. [http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/AR/archive/jun06/beans0606.htm?pf=1 ''Agricultural Research magazine.'' June 2006.]</ref> {{nutritional value | name= Beans, average, canned, sugarfree | kJ=334 | protein=9.6 g | fat=0.5 g | carbs=10.5 g }} Some bean types include: * ''[[Vicia]]'' ** ''[[Vicia faba]]'' (broad bean or fava bean) [[Image:Fava beans 1.jpg|thumb|''Vica faba'' or broad beans, known in the US as fava beans]] * ''[[Phaseolus]]'' ** ''[[Phaseolus acutifolius]]'' (tepary bean) ** ''[[Phaseolus coccineus]]'' (runner bean) ** ''[[Phaseolus lunatus]]'' (lima bean) ** ''[[Phaseolus vulgaris]]'' (common bean; includes the [[pinto bean]], [[kidney bean]], [[black bean]], as well as [[green bean]]s, and many others) ** ''[[Phaseolus polyanthus]]'' (a.k.a. ''P. dumosus'', recognized as a separate species in 1995) * ''[[Vigna]]'' ** ''[[Vigna aconitifolia]]'' (moth bean) ** ''Vigna angularis'' ([[adzuki bean]]) ** ''[[Vigna mungo]]'' (urad bean) ** ''Vigna radiata'' ([[mung bean]]) ** ''[[Vigna subterranea]]'' (Bambara bean or ground-bean) ** ''[[Vigna umbellata]]'' (ricebean) ** ''Vigna unguiculata'' ([[cowpea]]; also includes the [[black-eyed pea]], [[yardlong bean]] and others) * ''[[Cicer]]'' ** ''Cicer arietinum'' ([[chickpea]] or garbanzo bean) * ''[[Pisum]]'' ** ''Pisum sativum'' ([[pea]]) * ''[[Lathyrus]] ** ''[[Lathyrus sativus]]'' (Indian pea) ** ''[[Lathyrus tuberosus]]'' (tuberous pea) * ''[[Lens (genus)|Lens]]'' [[Image:3 types of lentil.jpg|thumb|Lentils]] ** ''[[Lens culinaris]]'' (lentil) * ''[[Lablab]]'' ** ''[[Lablab purpureus]]'' (hyacinth bean) [[File:Val Beans.jpg|thumb|right|Hyacinth beans]] * ''[[Glycine (plant)|Glycine]]'' ** ''[[Glycine max]]'' (soybean) * ''[[Psophocarpus]]'' ** ''[[Psophocarpus tetragonolobus]]'' (winged bean) [[Image:Japanese Psophocarpus tetragonolobus.jpg|thumb|''Psophocarpus tetragonolobus'' (winged bean)]] * ''[[Cajanus]]'' ** ''[[Cajanus cajan]]'' (pigeon pea) * ''[[Mucuna]]'' ** ''[[Mucuna pruriens]]'' (velvet bean) * ''[[Cyamopsis]]'' ** ''[[Cyamopsis tetragonoloba]]'' or (guar) * ''[[Canavalia]]'' ** ''[[Canavalia ensiformis]]'' (jack bean) ** ''[[Canavalia gladiata]]'' (sword bean) * ''[[Macrotyloma]]'' ** ''[[Macrotyloma uniflorum]]'' (horse gram) * ''[[Lupinus]]'' (lupin) ** ''[[Lupinus mutabilis]]'' (tarwi) ** ''[[Lupinus albus]]'' (lupini bean) * ''[[Arachis]]'' ** ''[[Arachis hypogaea]]'' (peanut) ==Toxins== Some kinds of raw beans, especially red and [[kidney bean]]s, contain a harmful toxin ([[lectin]] [[phytohaemagglutinin]]) that must be removed by cooking. A recommended method is to boil the beans for at least ten minutes; undercooked beans may be more toxic than raw beans.<ref name=FDA>{{cite web|publisher=United States [[Food and Drug Administration]]|accessdate=11 July 2009 |url=http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodSafety/FoodborneIllness/FoodborneIllnessFoodbornePathogensNaturalToxins/BadBugBook/ucm071092.htm |title=Foodborne Pathogenic Microorganisms and Natural Toxins Handbook: Phytohaemagglutinin |work= [[Bad Bug Book]]| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20090709183309/http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodSafety/FoodborneIllness/FoodborneIllnessFoodbornePathogensNaturalToxins/BadBugBook/ucm071092.htm| archivedate= 9 July 2009 | deadurl= no}}</ref> Cooking beans in a [[slow cooker]], because of the lower temperatures often used, may not destroy toxins even though the beans do not smell or taste 'bad'<ref name=FDA /> (though this should not be a problem if the food reaches boiling temperature and stays there for some time). [[Fermentation (food)|Fermentation]] is used in some parts of Africa to improve the nutritional value of beans by removing toxins. Inexpensive fermentation improves the nutritional impact of flour from dry beans and improves digestibility, according to research co-authored by Emire Shimelis, from the Food Engineering Program at Addis Ababa University. Beans are a major source of dietary [[protein (nutrient)|protein]] in Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia.<ref>Summary: [http://www.scidev.net/fr/climate-change-and-energy/tsunami/news/actualit-s-d-afrique-sub-saharienne-en-bref-du-25-.html Fermentation 'improves nutritional value of beans'] (Sub Saharan Africa page, Science and Development Network website). Paper: [http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/119409208/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0 Influence of natural and controlled fermentations on α-galactosides, antinutrients and protein digestibility of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)]</ref> ==Nutrition== Beans have significant amounts of fiber and [[soluble fiber]], with one cup of cooked beans providing between nine and 13&nbsp;grams of fiber.<ref name=mayo>[http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/healthy-recipes/NU00410 Mixed Bean Salad] (information and recipe) from [http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/healthy-recipes The Mayo Clinic Healthy Recipes]. Accessed February 2010.</ref> Soluble fiber can help lower blood [[cholesterol]].<ref>[http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/fiber/NU00033 Dietary fiber: Essential for a healthy diet]. MayoClinic.com (17 November 2012). Retrieved on 2012-12-18.</ref> Beans are also high in [[protein (nutrient)|protein]], [[Oligosaccharide|complex carbohydrates]], [[folate]], and [[iron]].<ref name=mayo/> [[File:Bean Nutrition.png|thumb|300px|This figure shows the grams of fiber and protein per 100g serving of each legume. The size of the circle is proportional to its iron content. From this view, lentil and kidney beans are by far the healthiest while soybeans and peas have the least nutrients per serving.]] ==Flatulence== Many edible beans, including broad beans and soybeans, contain [[oligosaccharide]]s (particularly [[raffinose]] and [[stachyose]]), a type of sugar molecule also found in [[cabbage]]. An anti-oligosaccharide [[enzyme]] is necessary to properly digest these sugar molecules. As a normal human digestive tract does not contain any anti-oligosaccharide enzymes, consumed oligosaccharides are typically digested by [[bacteria]] in the large intestine. This digestion process produces [[flatulence]]-causing gases as a byproduct.<ref>{{cite book | author = Harold McGee | title = Food and Cooking | page = 486 | quote = Many legumes, especially soy, navy and lima beans, cause a sudden increase in bacterial activity and gas production a few hours after they're consumed. This is because they contain large amounts of carbohydrates that human digestive enzymes can't convert into absorbable sugars. These carbohydrates therefore leave the upper intestine unchanged and enter the lower reaches, where our resident bacterial population does the job we are unable to do.|publisher=Simon & Schuster|year= 2003|isbn=0684843285}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | author = Peter Barham | title = The Science of Cooking | page = 14 | quote = we do not possess any enzymes that are capable of breaking down larger sugars, such as raffinose etc. These 3, 4 and 5 ring sugars are made by plants especially as part of the energy storage system in seeds and beans. If these sugars are ingested, they can't be broken down in the intestines; rather, they travel into the colon, where various bacteria digest them – and in the process produce copious amounts of carbon dioxide gas|year=2001|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-540-67466-5}}</ref> This aspect of bean digestion is the basis for the children's rhyme "[[Beans, Beans, the Musical Fruit]]". Since sugar dissolves in water, another method of reducing flatulence associated with eating beans is to drain the water in which the beans have been cooked. Some species of [[mold]] produce alpha-galactosidase, an anti-oligosaccharide enzyme, which humans can take to facilitate digestion of oligosaccharides in the small intestine. This enzyme, currently sold in the United States under the brand-names [[Beano (dietary supplement)|Beano]] and Gas-X Prevention, can be added to food or consumed separately. In many cuisines beans are cooked along with natural [[carminative]]s such as [[anise]] seeds, [[coriander]] seeds and [[cumin]] {{Citation needed|date=August 2012}}. One effective strategy is to soak beans in alkaline ([[Sodium bicarbonate|baking soda]]) water overnight before rinsing thoroughly {{Citation needed|date=August 2012}}. Sometimes [[vinegar]] is added, but only after the beans are cooked as vinegar interferes with the beans' softening. Fermented beans will usually not produce most of the intestinal problems that unfermented beans will, since yeast can consume the offending sugars. ==Production== [[File:Lablab bean and bean flowers.JPG|thumb|[[Lablab]] bean and bean flower cultivated in [[West Bengal]], [[India]]]] The world leader in production of dry bean is Burma, followed by India and Brazil. In Africa, the most important producer is Tanzania. {| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto; clear:left;" |- ! colspan=5|Top ten dry bean producers—2013 |- ! style="background:#ddf;"|Country ! style="background:#ddf;"|Production ([[tonne]]s) ! style="background:#ddf;"|Footnote |- | {{MYA}}||align=right|3,800,000||align=right|F |- | {{IND}}||align=right|3,630,000||align=right| |- | {{BRA}}||align=right|2,936,444||align=right|A |- | {{PRC}}||align=right|1,400,000||align=right|* |- | {{MEX}}||align=right|1,294,634||align=right| |- | {{TAN}}||align=right|1,150,000||align=right|F |- | {{USA}}||align=right|1,110,668||align=right| |- | {{KEN}}||align=right|529,265||align=right|F |- | {{UGA}}||align=right|461,000||align=right|* |- | {{RWA}}||align=right|438,236||align=right| |- | {{noflag}}'''World'''||align=right|'''23,139,004'''||align=right|'''A''' |- |colspan=5 style="font-size:.7em"|No symbol = official figure, P = official figure, F = FAO estimate, * = Unofficial/Semi-official/mirror data, C = Calculated figure A = Aggregate (may include official, semi-official or estimates);<br> ''Source: [[UN Food & Agriculture Organisation]] (FAO)''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=567#ancor |title=Major Food And Agricultural Commodities And Producers – Countries By Commodity |publisher=Fao.org |accessdate=2 February 2015}}</ref> |} {{-}} ==See also== {{Portal|Food|Agriculture and Agronomy}} * [[Baked beans]] * [[Common bean]] * [[Fassoulada]] * [[List of edible seeds]] * [[List of legume dishes]] * [[pulse (legume)|Pulses]] == References == {{reflist|2|refs= <ref name=Chazan>{{cite book | last = Chazan | first = Michael | title = World Prehistory and Archaeology: Pathways through Time | year = 2008 | publisher = Pearson Education, Inc. | isbn = 0-205-40621-1|page=}}</ref> }} == Bibliography == *{{cite book|author=Kaplan, Lawrence|chapter=Legumes in the History of Human Nutrition|editor=DuBois, Christine; Tan, Chee-Beng and Mintz, Sidney |title=The World of Soy|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=tW6fjds6YwkC&pg=PA27|accessdate=18 December 2012|year=2008|publisher=NUS Press|isbn=978-9971-69-413-5|pages=27–}} == External links == {{Commons category|Beans}} [http://americanhistory.si.edu/archives/d8683.htm Everett H. Bickley Collection, 1919–1980] Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution. * [http://www.discovery.com/area/skinnyon/skinnyon970815/skinnyon.html Discovery Online: The Skinny On Why Beans Give You Gas] * [http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2006.01506.x Fermentation improves nutritional value of beans] * [http://www.foodsubs.com/Beans.html Cook's Thesaurus on Beans] {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2015}} [[Category:Edible legumes]] [[Category:Pod vegetables]] [[Category:Staple foods]] [[Category:Vegan cuisine]] [[Category:Vegetarian cuisine]] ipwox7xdfnyrvsbb67x3p9iwbuyzm1p Afirika 0 4147 58559 57718 2026-07-03T15:00:12Z Kisakye Jane 9195 nterezezaamu 58559 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Afirika''' ssemazinga. Afirika lumanyiddwa nga olukalu lw'omwana w'omuddugavu. Lusangibwamu amawanga agawerera ddala 54. Ssemazinga ono wanjawulo nnyo kubanga afumbekeddemu obugagga obw'omuttaka, embeera y'obudde ennungi, abantu abalina empisa n'obuntubulamu, ebisolo eby'omunsiko n'ebinyonyi ebisinga ebitasangibwa ku ssemazinga ndala. Ku lukalu luno kwe kusangibwa omugga ogusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna oguyitibwa Kiyira, n'ennyanja ekwata eky'okubiri mu nsi yonna mu bwaguuga eya [[Nnalubaale]] Ssemazinga ono alina abantu ab'enjawulo, aboogera ennimi ez'enjawulo era nga balina n'obuwangwa obwenjawulo. Abafirika boogera ennimi enzaaliranwa eziwerera ddala enkumi bbiri. == Ebyafaayo bya Afirika == Afirika eyogerwako nnyo mu byafaayo era nga amawanga naddala ag'obukiika ddyo galina ebyafaayo ebyenkukunala ebimaze emyaka egisukka mu nkumi ebbiri. Okugeza amasiro g'abassekabaka b'eMisiri abaayitibwanga ba faraawo gakyaliyo na kaakano. Omugga kiyira gumanyiddwa nnyo mu byafaayo era nga ne mu bayibuli gwogerwako. Tujjukira nti jjajjaffe Yiburayimu yawanngangukirako mu Afirika muno ate era ssemazinga ziri bbiri zokka Yezu omwana wa Katonda ze yalinnyako nga emu ku zzo ye Afirika. Anti tujjukira nti nga kabaka Kerode bwe yali ayagala okutta omwana oyo, katonda yalagira kitaawe Yozefu amuddusize e Misiri, wano mu Afirika. Ate ye kabaka omukyala eyakyalirako kabaka Solomooni naye yava ku lukalu lw'Afirika kuno. Mu nsagi zino nga wazzeewo tekinologiya ow'okunoonyereza, abakugu baazuula mu Tanzania obujulizi obukakasa okubaawo kw'abantu ku lukalu luno mu mirembe egy'edda ennyo. Era Afirika yeesinga okuba n'eddungu eddene erikira gonna munsi yonna erya Sahara. Eddungu lino olw'okuba eddene lityo, tewali yeetambaalanga kulisomoka, kubanga buli eyagezangako, yafanga nga tannatuuka gy'alaga. N'olwekyo ebitundu ebiri mu bukiika kkono bw'eddungu lino byasigala nga byeyawudde nnyo ku nsi yonna era tewali yalowooza nti eno eriyo abantu okutuusa abatambuze abeetooloola ensi bwe baazula ebitundu bino nga bayitira ku ssemayanja. <br /><gallery mode="packed" class="center"> File:Lion waiting in Namibia.jpg File:Rhinoceros in South Africa adjusted.jpg File:Boulders Beach, South Africa.jpg File:African boy transporting fodder by bicycle edit.jpg File:The New Africa 01.jpg </gallery>{{Amawanga g'Afirika}} [[Category:Afirika| ]] [[Category:Ssemazinga z'ensi]] 0jiet2xynvilg0vpvv58bknyz22matn Akright City 0 5642 58704 20070 2026-07-03T21:48:21Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1320716767|Akright City]]" 58704 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Akright City''' kitundu ekibeeramu bantu mu [[Wakiso (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Wakiso]] mu masekkati ga Uganda . == Gyesangibwa == 3ocorcgst56r3kxk2bw545xrhamknwl 58705 58704 2026-07-03T21:49:34Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1320716767|Akright City]]" 58705 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Akright City''' kitundu ekibeeramu bantu mu [[Wakiso (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Wakiso]] mu [[masekkati ga Uganda]] . == Gyesangibwa == 2j2qj5xgwgbmr6jrz38bawdwsessp7u 58708 58705 2026-07-03T21:53:35Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1320716767|Akright City]]" 58708 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Akright City''' kitundu ekibeeramu bantu mu [[Wakiso (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Wakiso]] mu [[masekkati ga Uganda]] . == Gyesangibwa == Ekibuga Akright kyetooloddwa ''oluguudo lw'e Namugongo'' okudda mu bukiikakkono, ekitundu ky’e Bwebajja n’oluguudo lwa Kampala–Entebbe mu buvanjuba, Namulanda mu bukiikaddyo obw’obuvanjuba, Palm Valley Golf and Country Club mu bugwanjuba, n’ekitundu kya Sekiwunga ne Entebbe–Kampala Expressway pkudda mu bugwanjuba. Ensengeka z'ekitundu kino ze zino:0°10'21.0"N, 32°31'06.0"E (Latitude:0.172504; Longitude:32.518333). ctumo2wxmote33kvrlzafpx1eq49s7c 58710 58708 2026-07-03T21:57:58Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1320716767|Akright City]]" 58710 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Akright City''' kitundu ekibeeramu bantu mu [[Wakiso (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Wakiso]] mu [[masekkati ga Uganda]] . == Gyesangibwa == Ekibuga Akright kyetooloddwa ''oluguudo lw'e Namugongo'' okudda mu bukiikakkono, ekitundu ky’e Bwebajja n’oluguudo lwa Kampala–Entebbe mu buvanjuba, Namulanda mu bukiikaddyo obw’obuvanjuba, Palm Valley Golf and Country Club mu bugwanjuba, n’ekitundu kya Sekiwunga ne Entebbe–Kampala Expressway okudda mu bugwanjuba. Ensengeka z'ekitundu kino ze zino:0°10'21.0"N, 32°31'06.0"E (Latitude:0.172504; Longitude:32.518333).<ref>{{google maps|accessdate=26 April 2016|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/0%C2%B010'21.0%22N+32%C2%B031'06.0%22E/@0.1650189,32.5268703,2950m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0|title=Location of Akright City, Wakiso District, Uganda}}</ref> 0np77k50grhhr9y9wdwycyy1u19zsl3 58711 58710 2026-07-03T22:00:03Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1320716767|Akright City]]" 58711 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Akright City''' kitundu ekibeeramu bantu mu [[Wakiso (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Wakiso]] mu [[masekkati ga Uganda]] . == Gyesangibwa == Ekibuga Akright kyetooloddwa ''oluguudo lw'e Namugongo'' okudda mu bukiikakkono, ekitundu ky’e Bwebajja n’oluguudo lwa Kampala–Entebbe mu buvanjuba, Namulanda mu bukiikaddyo obw’obuvanjuba, Palm Valley Golf and Country Club mu bugwanjuba, n’ekitundu kya Sekiwunga ne Entebbe–Kampala Expressway okudda mu bugwanjuba. Ensengeka z'ekitundu kino ze zino:0°10'21.0"N, 32°31'06.0"E (Latitude:0.172504; Longitude:32.518333).<ref>{{google maps|accessdate=26 April 2016|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/0%C2%B010'21.0%22N+32%C2%B031'06.0%22E/@0.1650189,32.5268703,2950m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0|title=Location of Akright City, Wakiso District, Uganda}}</ref> Ekitundu kino kisangibwa 21 kilometres (13 mi), obukiikakkono bw’obuvanjuba bw’ekibuga [[Entebbe]], ekibuga ekinene ekisinga okumpi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=GFC |date=26 April 2016 |title=Distance between Entebbe, Central Region, Uganda and Akright City, Central Region, Uganda |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Entebbe%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda&toplace=Akright%20City%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda%2C&dt1=ChIJswrCU7eGfRcRFCzMdcNQpaQ&dt2=ChIJaZBX8m-afRcRLrbFH1wyqVY |access-date=26 April 2016 |publisher=Globefeed.com (GFC)}}</ref> Kino kiri nga 20 kilometres (12 mi), mu bukiikaddyo bw’amaserengeta ga [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu era ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga. <ref>{{Cite web |last=GFC |date=26 April 2016 |title=Distance between Kampala Road, Kampala, Central Region, Uganda and Akright City, Central Region, Uganda |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kampala%20Road%2C%20Kampala%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda&toplace=Akright%20City%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda%2C&dt1=ChIJCacTwgW5fRcRPuJJw9VOeWU&dt2=ChIJaZBX8m-afRcRLrbFH1wyqVY |access-date=26 April 2016 |publisher=Globefeed.com (GFC)}}</ref> 5hcro8ap5ucpet9oqs1tyy2lvtd4cwz Zambia 0 5700 58511 58505 2026-07-03T11:59:05Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ekiba 58511 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lw'ennyanja, Atlantic ne Indian Oceans. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.[1] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] fy0qffcjgzw8c47qwcacav74tgibfad 58512 58511 2026-07-03T12:02:52Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 58512 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] 2jrbvujzbvfpnacf8h86ehaskylyzp7 58513 58512 2026-07-03T12:04:32Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ekiba 58513 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Amawanga ga Luba-Lunda oluvannyuma gaakendeera olw'okutunda abaddu mu Atlantic mu bugwanjuba ne mu Indian Ocean mu bugwanjuba ne mu ntalo n'ebibinja ebyali byawuddwa ku bwakabaka. Aba Chokwe, ekibinja ekirina oluganda olw'okumpi ne Luvale era ne kitondebwawo ng'eggwanga lya Lunda satellite, mu kusooka gaakosebwa olw'obwetaavu bw'Abazungu obw'abaddu, naye bwe baawukana ku bwakabaka, bo bennyini baafuuka batunzi ba baddu abamanyiddwa ennyo, nga batunda abaddu ku mbalama zombi. == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] 42s0i7lsxaumm48our5p9no1j0etlp1 58514 58513 2026-07-03T12:08:45Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nterezezza mu mpandiika 58514 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Amawanga ga Luba-Lunda oluvannyuma gaakendeera olw'okutunda abaddu mu Atlantic mu Bugwanjuba ne mu Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba ne mu ntalo n'ebibinja ebyali byawuddwa ku bwakabaka. Aba Chokwe, ekibinja ekirina oluganda olw'okumpi ne Luvale era ne kitondebwawo ng'eggwanga lya Lunda satellite, mu kusooka gaakosebwa olw'obwetaavu bwabaddu eri Abazungu, naye bwe baawukana ku bwakabaka, bo bennyini baafuuka batunzi ba baddu abamanyiddwa ennyo, nga batunda abaddu ku mbalama zombi. == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] cdb0f5rj2jejd5hucpso6tvit8y2xno 58515 58514 2026-07-03T12:10:46Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ekiba 58515 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Amawanga ga Luba-Lunda oluvannyuma gaakendeera olw'okutunda abaddu mu Atlantic mu Bugwanjuba ne mu Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba ne mu ntalo n'ebibinja ebyali byawuddwa ku bwakabaka. Aba Chokwe, ekibinja ekirina oluganda olw'okumpi ne Luvale era ne kitondebwawo ng'eggwanga lya Lunda satellite, mu kusooka gaakosebwa olw'obwetaavu bwabaddu eri Abazungu, naye bwe baawukana ku bwakabaka, bo bennyini baafuuka batunzi ba baddu abamanyiddwa ennyo, nga batunda abaddu ku mbalama zombi. Abachokwe oluvannyuma baawangulwa amawanga amalala n'Abaportugali.[1] Obutali butebenkevu buno bwaviirako okugwa kw'obwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'abantu okusaasaanira mu bitundu bya Zambia eby'enjawulo okuva mu Democratic Republic of the Congo. Abazambia abasinga obungi balina obuzaale mu bwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'obwakabaka obulala obuli mu masekkati ga Afirika.[2] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] snztsr3mk55bq2jnygolotudct7ibmx 58516 58515 2026-07-03T12:12:54Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 58516 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Amawanga ga Luba-Lunda oluvannyuma gaakendeera olw'okutunda abaddu mu Atlantic mu Bugwanjuba ne mu Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba ne mu ntalo n'ebibinja ebyali byawuddwa ku bwakabaka. Aba Chokwe, ekibinja ekirina oluganda olw'okumpi ne Luvale era ne kitondebwawo ng'eggwanga lya Lunda satellite, mu kusooka gaakosebwa olw'obwetaavu bwabaddu eri Abazungu, naye bwe baawukana ku bwakabaka, bo bennyini baafuuka batunzi ba baddu abamanyiddwa ennyo, nga batunda abaddu ku mbalama zombi. Abachokwe oluvannyuma baawangulwa amawanga amalala n'Abaportugali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azuonye |first=Chukwuma |date=15 December 1996 |title=Chokwe: (Angola, Zambia) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ejao3vG6nfsC&pg=PA11 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-1990-1 |language=en}}</ref> Obutali butebenkevu buno bwaviirako okugwa kw'obwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'abantu okusaasaanira mu bitundu bya Zambia eby'enjawulo okuva mu Democratic Republic of the Congo. Abazambia abasinga obungi balina obuzaale mu bwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'obwakabaka obulala obuli mu Masekkati ga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] ig5ap914f02aaddktgmjo1onlcup4hn 58518 58516 2026-07-03T12:23:40Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ekiba 58518 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Amawanga ga Luba-Lunda oluvannyuma gaakendeera olw'okutunda abaddu mu Atlantic mu Bugwanjuba ne mu Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba ne mu ntalo n'ebibinja ebyali byawuddwa ku bwakabaka. Aba Chokwe, ekibinja ekirina oluganda olw'okumpi ne Luvale era ne kitondebwawo ng'eggwanga lya Lunda satellite, mu kusooka gaakosebwa olw'obwetaavu bwabaddu eri Abazungu, naye bwe baawukana ku bwakabaka, bo bennyini baafuuka batunzi ba baddu abamanyiddwa ennyo, nga batunda abaddu ku mbalama zombi. Abachokwe oluvannyuma baawangulwa amawanga amalala n'Abaportugali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azuonye |first=Chukwuma |date=15 December 1996 |title=Chokwe: (Angola, Zambia) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ejao3vG6nfsC&pg=PA11 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-1990-1 |language=en}}</ref> Obutali butebenkevu buno bwaviirako okugwa kw'obwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'abantu okusaasaanira mu bitundu bya Zambia eby'enjawulo okuva mu Democratic Republic of the Congo. Abazambia abasinga obungi balina obuzaale mu bwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'obwakabaka obulala obuli mu Masekkati ga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1200, ng’eggwanga lya Luba-Lunda terinnatandikibwawo, ekibinja ky’aba Bantu baatandika okusenguka okuva mu Congo Basin okudda ku Nnyanja Mweru ate oluvannyuma ne basenga okumpi n’ennyanja Malawi. Abasenze bano balowoozebwa okuba nga baali abamu ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky’e Upemba mu Democratic Republic of Congo. Mu myaka gya 1400, ebibinja by’abasenze bano awamu baayitibwanga Maravi, era nga mu bo mwalimu Abachewa abaatandika okukoppa ebibinja by’aba Bantu nga Tumbuka.[1] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] 2g5z0540g3ojiuijwg8hfex5c1wfh4a 58519 58518 2026-07-03T12:24:18Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 58519 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Amawanga ga Luba-Lunda oluvannyuma gaakendeera olw'okutunda abaddu mu Atlantic mu Bugwanjuba ne mu Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba ne mu ntalo n'ebibinja ebyali byawuddwa ku bwakabaka. Aba Chokwe, ekibinja ekirina oluganda olw'okumpi ne Luvale era ne kitondebwawo ng'eggwanga lya Lunda satellite, mu kusooka gaakosebwa olw'obwetaavu bwabaddu eri Abazungu, naye bwe baawukana ku bwakabaka, bo bennyini baafuuka batunzi ba baddu abamanyiddwa ennyo, nga batunda abaddu ku mbalama zombi. Abachokwe oluvannyuma baawangulwa amawanga amalala n'Abaportugali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azuonye |first=Chukwuma |date=15 December 1996 |title=Chokwe: (Angola, Zambia) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ejao3vG6nfsC&pg=PA11 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-1990-1 |language=en}}</ref> Obutali butebenkevu buno bwaviirako okugwa kw'obwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'abantu okusaasaanira mu bitundu bya Zambia eby'enjawulo okuva mu Democratic Republic of the Congo. Abazambia abasinga obungi balina obuzaale mu bwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'obwakabaka obulala obuli mu Masekkati ga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1200, ng’eggwanga lya Luba-Lunda terinnatandikibwawo, ekibinja ky’aba Bantu baatandika okusenguka okuva mu Congo Basin okudda ku Nnyanja Mweru ate oluvannyuma ne basenga okumpi n’ennyanja Malawi. Abasenze bano balowoozebwa okuba nga baali abamu ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky’e Upemba mu Democratic Republic of Congo. Mu myaka gya 1400, ebibinja by’abasenze bano awamu baayitibwanga Maravi, era nga mu bo mwalimu Abachewa abaatandika okukoppa ebibinja by’aba Bantu nga Tumbuka.<ref name="Team">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] 4upujq594vq2txtj8epn97mm32vd60x 58523 58519 2026-07-03T12:44:09Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nterezezza mu mpandiika 58523 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Amawanga ga Luba-Lunda oluvannyuma gaakendeera olw'okutunda abaddu mu Atlantic mu Bugwanjuba ne mu Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba ne mu ntalo n'ebibinja ebyali byawuddwa ku bwakabaka. Aba Chokwe, ekibinja ekirina oluganda olw'okumpi ne Luvale era ne kitondebwawo ng'eggwanga lya Lunda satellite, mu kusooka gaakosebwa olw'obwetaavu bwabaddu eri Abazungu, naye bwe baawukana ku bwakabaka, bo bennyini baafuuka batunzi ba baddu abamanyiddwa ennyo, nga batunda abaddu ku mbalama zombi. Abachokwe oluvannyuma baawangulwa amawanga amalala n'Abaportugali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azuonye |first=Chukwuma |date=15 December 1996 |title=Chokwe: (Angola, Zambia) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ejao3vG6nfsC&pg=PA11 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-1990-1 |language=en}}</ref> Obutali butebenkevu buno bwaviirako okugwa kw'obwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'abantu okusaasaanira mu bitundu bya Zambia eby'enjawulo okuva mu Democratic Republic of the Congo. Abazambia abasinga obungi balina obuzaale mu bwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'obwakabaka obulala obuli mu Masekkati ga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1200, ng’eggwanga lya Luba-Lunda terinnatandikibwawo, ekibinja ky’aba Bantu baatandika okusenguka okuva mu Congo Basin okudda ku Nnyanja Mweru ate oluvannyuma ne basenga okumpi n’ennyanja Malawi. Abasenze bano balowoozebwa okuba nga baali abamu ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky’e Upemba mu Democratic Republic of Congo. Mu myaka gya 1400, ebibinja by’abasenze bano awamu baayitibwanga Maravi, era nga mu bo mwalimu Abachewa abaatandika okukoppa ebibinja by’aba Bantu nga Tumbuka.<ref name="Team">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 1480 Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwatandikibwawo kalonga (omukulu w'obwakabaka bwa Maravi) okuva mu kika kya Phiri, kimu ku bika ebikulu, ng'ebirala mulimu Banda, Mwale ne Nkhoma. Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwali buva ku Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Enkulaakulana y'ebyobufuzi ey'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi yali efaanana ey'Obwakabaka bwa Luba era kigambibwa nti bwavaayo. Ekyamaguzi ekikulu eky'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi kyali amasanga, agaatundibwanga okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] e305ycqdls7dr54gx49xjvk39yezxc4 58600 58523 2026-07-03T18:37:24Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ekiba 58600 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Amawanga ga Luba-Lunda oluvannyuma gaakendeera olw'okutunda abaddu mu Atlantic mu Bugwanjuba ne mu Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba ne mu ntalo n'ebibinja ebyali byawuddwa ku bwakabaka. Aba Chokwe, ekibinja ekirina oluganda olw'okumpi ne Luvale era ne kitondebwawo ng'eggwanga lya Lunda satellite, mu kusooka gaakosebwa olw'obwetaavu bwabaddu eri Abazungu, naye bwe baawukana ku bwakabaka, bo bennyini baafuuka batunzi ba baddu abamanyiddwa ennyo, nga batunda abaddu ku mbalama zombi. Abachokwe oluvannyuma baawangulwa amawanga amalala n'Abaportugali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azuonye |first=Chukwuma |date=15 December 1996 |title=Chokwe: (Angola, Zambia) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ejao3vG6nfsC&pg=PA11 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-1990-1 |language=en}}</ref> Obutali butebenkevu buno bwaviirako okugwa kw'obwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'abantu okusaasaanira mu bitundu bya Zambia eby'enjawulo okuva mu Democratic Republic of the Congo. Abazambia abasinga obungi balina obuzaale mu bwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'obwakabaka obulala obuli mu Masekkati ga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1200, ng’eggwanga lya Luba-Lunda terinnatandikibwawo, ekibinja ky’aba Bantu baatandika okusenguka okuva mu Congo Basin okudda ku Nnyanja Mweru ate oluvannyuma ne basenga okumpi n’ennyanja Malawi. Abasenze bano balowoozebwa okuba nga baali abamu ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky’e Upemba mu Democratic Republic of Congo. Mu myaka gya 1400, ebibinja by’abasenze bano awamu baayitibwanga Maravi, era nga mu bo mwalimu Abachewa abaatandika okukoppa ebibinja by’aba Bantu nga Tumbuka.<ref name="Team">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 1480 Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwatandikibwawo kalonga (omukulu w'obwakabaka bwa Maravi) okuva mu kika kya Phiri, kimu ku bika ebikulu, ng'ebirala mulimu Banda, Mwale ne Nkhoma. Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwali buva ku Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Enkulaakulana y'ebyobufuzi ey'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi yali efaanana ey'Obwakabaka bwa Luba era kigambibwa nti bwavaayo. Ekyamaguzi ekikulu eky'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi kyali amasanga, agaatundibwanga okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Ekyuma nakyo kyakolebwanga era ne kitundibwa mu nsi endala. Mu myaka gya 1590, Abapotigo baagezaako okweddiza eby'obusuubuzi n’okutunda Maravi mu nsi endala. Okugezaako kuno kwaleetawo obusungu mu Maravi ab’e Lundu, abaasumulula eggye lyabwe erya WaZimba. WaZimba baalumba ebibuga by’Abapotigo eby’obusuubuzi nga Tete, Sena n’ebibuga ebirala bingi. == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] gm793tk6bztiv99ckvszc48j7at6xew 58601 58600 2026-07-03T18:37:58Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 58601 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Amawanga ga Luba-Lunda oluvannyuma gaakendeera olw'okutunda abaddu mu Atlantic mu Bugwanjuba ne mu Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba ne mu ntalo n'ebibinja ebyali byawuddwa ku bwakabaka. Aba Chokwe, ekibinja ekirina oluganda olw'okumpi ne Luvale era ne kitondebwawo ng'eggwanga lya Lunda satellite, mu kusooka gaakosebwa olw'obwetaavu bwabaddu eri Abazungu, naye bwe baawukana ku bwakabaka, bo bennyini baafuuka batunzi ba baddu abamanyiddwa ennyo, nga batunda abaddu ku mbalama zombi. Abachokwe oluvannyuma baawangulwa amawanga amalala n'Abaportugali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azuonye |first=Chukwuma |date=15 December 1996 |title=Chokwe: (Angola, Zambia) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ejao3vG6nfsC&pg=PA11 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-1990-1 |language=en}}</ref> Obutali butebenkevu buno bwaviirako okugwa kw'obwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'abantu okusaasaanira mu bitundu bya Zambia eby'enjawulo okuva mu Democratic Republic of the Congo. Abazambia abasinga obungi balina obuzaale mu bwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'obwakabaka obulala obuli mu Masekkati ga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1200, ng’eggwanga lya Luba-Lunda terinnatandikibwawo, ekibinja ky’aba Bantu baatandika okusenguka okuva mu Congo Basin okudda ku Nnyanja Mweru ate oluvannyuma ne basenga okumpi n’ennyanja Malawi. Abasenze bano balowoozebwa okuba nga baali abamu ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky’e Upemba mu Democratic Republic of Congo. Mu myaka gya 1400, ebibinja by’abasenze bano awamu baayitibwanga Maravi, era nga mu bo mwalimu Abachewa abaatandika okukoppa ebibinja by’aba Bantu nga Tumbuka.<ref name="Team">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 1480 Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwatandikibwawo kalonga (omukulu w'obwakabaka bwa Maravi) okuva mu kika kya Phiri, kimu ku bika ebikulu, ng'ebirala mulimu Banda, Mwale ne Nkhoma. Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwali buva ku Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Enkulaakulana y'ebyobufuzi ey'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi yali efaanana ey'Obwakabaka bwa Luba era kigambibwa nti bwavaayo. Ekyamaguzi ekikulu eky'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi kyali amasanga, agaatundibwanga okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Ekyuma nakyo kyakolebwanga era ne kitundibwa mu nsi endala. Mu myaka gya 1590, Abapotigo baagezaako okweddiza eby'obusuubuzi n’okutunda Maravi mu nsi endala. Okugezaako kuno kwaleetawo obusungu mu Maravi ab’e Lundu, abaasumulula eggye lyabwe erya WaZimba. WaZimba baalumba ebibuga by’Abapotigo eby’obusuubuzi nga Tete, Sena n’ebibuga ebirala bingi.<ref name="thinkafrica.net">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] 8hl3zydfrf6d3f009tnxmij60qwk0oi 58603 58601 2026-07-03T18:49:11Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ekiba 58603 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Amawanga ga Luba-Lunda oluvannyuma gaakendeera olw'okutunda abaddu mu Atlantic mu Bugwanjuba ne mu Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba ne mu ntalo n'ebibinja ebyali byawuddwa ku bwakabaka. Aba Chokwe, ekibinja ekirina oluganda olw'okumpi ne Luvale era ne kitondebwawo ng'eggwanga lya Lunda satellite, mu kusooka gaakosebwa olw'obwetaavu bwabaddu eri Abazungu, naye bwe baawukana ku bwakabaka, bo bennyini baafuuka batunzi ba baddu abamanyiddwa ennyo, nga batunda abaddu ku mbalama zombi. Abachokwe oluvannyuma baawangulwa amawanga amalala n'Abaportugali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azuonye |first=Chukwuma |date=15 December 1996 |title=Chokwe: (Angola, Zambia) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ejao3vG6nfsC&pg=PA11 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-1990-1 |language=en}}</ref> Obutali butebenkevu buno bwaviirako okugwa kw'obwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'abantu okusaasaanira mu bitundu bya Zambia eby'enjawulo okuva mu Democratic Republic of the Congo. Abazambia abasinga obungi balina obuzaale mu bwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'obwakabaka obulala obuli mu Masekkati ga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1200, ng’eggwanga lya Luba-Lunda terinnatandikibwawo, ekibinja ky’aba Bantu baatandika okusenguka okuva mu Congo Basin okudda ku Nnyanja Mweru ate oluvannyuma ne basenga okumpi n’ennyanja Malawi. Abasenze bano balowoozebwa okuba nga baali abamu ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky’e Upemba mu Democratic Republic of Congo. Mu myaka gya 1400, ebibinja by’abasenze bano awamu baayitibwanga Maravi, era nga mu bo mwalimu Abachewa abaatandika okukoppa ebibinja by’aba Bantu nga Tumbuka.<ref name="Team">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 1480 Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwatandikibwawo kalonga (omukulu w'obwakabaka bwa Maravi) okuva mu kika kya Phiri, kimu ku bika ebikulu, ng'ebirala mulimu Banda, Mwale ne Nkhoma. Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwali buva ku Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Enkulaakulana y'ebyobufuzi ey'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi yali efaanana ey'Obwakabaka bwa Luba era kigambibwa nti bwavaayo. Ekyamaguzi ekikulu eky'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi kyali amasanga, agaatundibwanga okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Ekyuma nakyo kyakolebwanga era ne kitundibwa mu nsi endala. Mu myaka gya 1590, Abapotigo baagezaako okweddiza eby'obusuubuzi n’okutunda Maravi mu nsi endala. Okugezaako kuno kwaleetawo obusungu mu Maravi ab’e Lundu, abaasumulula eggye lyabwe erya WaZimba. WaZimba baalumba ebibuga by’Abapotigo eby’obusuubuzi nga Tete, Sena n’ebibuga ebirala bingi.<ref name="thinkafrica.net">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Abamariyamu nabo bateeberezebwa okuba nga baaleeta obulombolombo obwandifuuse ekibiina kya Nyau eky'ekyama okuva e Upemba. Aba Nyau be bakola ku nzikiriza oba eddiini y'obuwangwa ey'abantu b'omu Maravi. Ekibiina kya Nyau kirimu okuzina okw'obulombolombo n'obukookolo obukozesebwa mu kuzina; enzikiriza eno yasaasaana okwetooloola ekitundu.[1] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] i7kfsc4f78a0p2y6q8bqm4p0xsf8lno 58605 58603 2026-07-03T18:50:18Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 58605 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Amawanga ga Luba-Lunda oluvannyuma gaakendeera olw'okutunda abaddu mu Atlantic mu Bugwanjuba ne mu Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba ne mu ntalo n'ebibinja ebyali byawuddwa ku bwakabaka. Aba Chokwe, ekibinja ekirina oluganda olw'okumpi ne Luvale era ne kitondebwawo ng'eggwanga lya Lunda satellite, mu kusooka gaakosebwa olw'obwetaavu bwabaddu eri Abazungu, naye bwe baawukana ku bwakabaka, bo bennyini baafuuka batunzi ba baddu abamanyiddwa ennyo, nga batunda abaddu ku mbalama zombi. Abachokwe oluvannyuma baawangulwa amawanga amalala n'Abaportugali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azuonye |first=Chukwuma |date=15 December 1996 |title=Chokwe: (Angola, Zambia) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ejao3vG6nfsC&pg=PA11 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-1990-1 |language=en}}</ref> Obutali butebenkevu buno bwaviirako okugwa kw'obwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'abantu okusaasaanira mu bitundu bya Zambia eby'enjawulo okuva mu Democratic Republic of the Congo. Abazambia abasinga obungi balina obuzaale mu bwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'obwakabaka obulala obuli mu Masekkati ga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1200, ng’eggwanga lya Luba-Lunda terinnatandikibwawo, ekibinja ky’aba Bantu baatandika okusenguka okuva mu Congo Basin okudda ku Nnyanja Mweru ate oluvannyuma ne basenga okumpi n’ennyanja Malawi. Abasenze bano balowoozebwa okuba nga baali abamu ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky’e Upemba mu Democratic Republic of Congo. Mu myaka gya 1400, ebibinja by’abasenze bano awamu baayitibwanga Maravi, era nga mu bo mwalimu Abachewa abaatandika okukoppa ebibinja by’aba Bantu nga Tumbuka.<ref name="Team">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 1480 Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwatandikibwawo kalonga (omukulu w'obwakabaka bwa Maravi) okuva mu kika kya Phiri, kimu ku bika ebikulu, ng'ebirala mulimu Banda, Mwale ne Nkhoma. Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwali buva ku Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Enkulaakulana y'ebyobufuzi ey'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi yali efaanana ey'Obwakabaka bwa Luba era kigambibwa nti bwavaayo. Ekyamaguzi ekikulu eky'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi kyali amasanga, agaatundibwanga okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Ekyuma nakyo kyakolebwanga era ne kitundibwa mu nsi endala. Mu myaka gya 1590, Abapotigo baagezaako okweddiza eby'obusuubuzi n’okutunda Maravi mu nsi endala. Okugezaako kuno kwaleetawo obusungu mu Maravi ab’e Lundu, abaasumulula eggye lyabwe erya WaZimba. WaZimba baalumba ebibuga by’Abapotigo eby’obusuubuzi nga Tete, Sena n’ebibuga ebirala bingi.<ref name="thinkafrica.net">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Abamaravi nabo bateeberezebwa okuba nga baaleeta obulombolombo obwandifuuse ekibiina kya Nyau eky'ekyama okuva e Upemba. Aba Nyau be bakola ku nzikiriza oba eddiini y'obuwangwa ey'abantu b'omu Maravi. Ekibiina kya Nyau kirimu okuzina okw'obulombolombo n'obukookolo obukozesebwa mu kuzina; enzikiriza eno yasaasaana okwetooloola ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maptia |title=The Secret Cult of Nyau Dancers |url=https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108130415/https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-date=8 November 2020 |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=Maptia |language=en}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] 064wn24jnyjbpiq8evu7ba85q322f1z 58606 58605 2026-07-03T18:51:27Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ekiba 58606 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Amawanga ga Luba-Lunda oluvannyuma gaakendeera olw'okutunda abaddu mu Atlantic mu Bugwanjuba ne mu Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba ne mu ntalo n'ebibinja ebyali byawuddwa ku bwakabaka. Aba Chokwe, ekibinja ekirina oluganda olw'okumpi ne Luvale era ne kitondebwawo ng'eggwanga lya Lunda satellite, mu kusooka gaakosebwa olw'obwetaavu bwabaddu eri Abazungu, naye bwe baawukana ku bwakabaka, bo bennyini baafuuka batunzi ba baddu abamanyiddwa ennyo, nga batunda abaddu ku mbalama zombi. Abachokwe oluvannyuma baawangulwa amawanga amalala n'Abaportugali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azuonye |first=Chukwuma |date=15 December 1996 |title=Chokwe: (Angola, Zambia) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ejao3vG6nfsC&pg=PA11 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-1990-1 |language=en}}</ref> Obutali butebenkevu buno bwaviirako okugwa kw'obwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'abantu okusaasaanira mu bitundu bya Zambia eby'enjawulo okuva mu Democratic Republic of the Congo. Abazambia abasinga obungi balina obuzaale mu bwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'obwakabaka obulala obuli mu Masekkati ga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1200, ng’eggwanga lya Luba-Lunda terinnatandikibwawo, ekibinja ky’aba Bantu baatandika okusenguka okuva mu Congo Basin okudda ku Nnyanja Mweru ate oluvannyuma ne basenga okumpi n’ennyanja Malawi. Abasenze bano balowoozebwa okuba nga baali abamu ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky’e Upemba mu Democratic Republic of Congo. Mu myaka gya 1400, ebibinja by’abasenze bano awamu baayitibwanga Maravi, era nga mu bo mwalimu Abachewa abaatandika okukoppa ebibinja by’aba Bantu nga Tumbuka.<ref name="Team">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 1480 Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwatandikibwawo kalonga (omukulu w'obwakabaka bwa Maravi) okuva mu kika kya Phiri, kimu ku bika ebikulu, ng'ebirala mulimu Banda, Mwale ne Nkhoma. Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwali buva ku Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Enkulaakulana y'ebyobufuzi ey'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi yali efaanana ey'Obwakabaka bwa Luba era kigambibwa nti bwavaayo. Ekyamaguzi ekikulu eky'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi kyali amasanga, agaatundibwanga okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Ekyuma nakyo kyakolebwanga era ne kitundibwa mu nsi endala. Mu myaka gya 1590, Abapotigo baagezaako okweddiza eby'obusuubuzi n’okutunda Maravi mu nsi endala. Okugezaako kuno kwaleetawo obusungu mu Maravi ab’e Lundu, abaasumulula eggye lyabwe erya WaZimba. WaZimba baalumba ebibuga by’Abapotigo eby’obusuubuzi nga Tete, Sena n’ebibuga ebirala bingi.<ref name="thinkafrica.net">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Abamaravi nabo bateeberezebwa okuba nga baaleeta obulombolombo obwandifuuse ekibiina kya Nyau eky'ekyama okuva e Upemba. Aba Nyau be bakola ku nzikiriza oba eddiini y'obuwangwa ey'abantu b'omu Maravi. Ekibiina kya Nyau kirimu okuzina okw'obulombolombo n'obukookolo obukozesebwa mu kuzina; enzikiriza eno yasaasaana okwetooloola ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maptia |title=The Secret Cult of Nyau Dancers |url=https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108130415/https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-date=8 November 2020 |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=Maptia |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwakendeera olw'enkaayana ezikwata ku busika mu mukago, okulumbibwa Ngoni n'okulumba abaddu okuva mu Yao.[1] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] qxit5qjgdxwib5lskxagskso0q96sfu 58607 58606 2026-07-03T18:52:02Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 58607 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Amawanga ga Luba-Lunda oluvannyuma gaakendeera olw'okutunda abaddu mu Atlantic mu Bugwanjuba ne mu Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba ne mu ntalo n'ebibinja ebyali byawuddwa ku bwakabaka. Aba Chokwe, ekibinja ekirina oluganda olw'okumpi ne Luvale era ne kitondebwawo ng'eggwanga lya Lunda satellite, mu kusooka gaakosebwa olw'obwetaavu bwabaddu eri Abazungu, naye bwe baawukana ku bwakabaka, bo bennyini baafuuka batunzi ba baddu abamanyiddwa ennyo, nga batunda abaddu ku mbalama zombi. Abachokwe oluvannyuma baawangulwa amawanga amalala n'Abaportugali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azuonye |first=Chukwuma |date=15 December 1996 |title=Chokwe: (Angola, Zambia) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ejao3vG6nfsC&pg=PA11 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-1990-1 |language=en}}</ref> Obutali butebenkevu buno bwaviirako okugwa kw'obwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'abantu okusaasaanira mu bitundu bya Zambia eby'enjawulo okuva mu Democratic Republic of the Congo. Abazambia abasinga obungi balina obuzaale mu bwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'obwakabaka obulala obuli mu Masekkati ga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1200, ng’eggwanga lya Luba-Lunda terinnatandikibwawo, ekibinja ky’aba Bantu baatandika okusenguka okuva mu Congo Basin okudda ku Nnyanja Mweru ate oluvannyuma ne basenga okumpi n’ennyanja Malawi. Abasenze bano balowoozebwa okuba nga baali abamu ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky’e Upemba mu Democratic Republic of Congo. Mu myaka gya 1400, ebibinja by’abasenze bano awamu baayitibwanga Maravi, era nga mu bo mwalimu Abachewa abaatandika okukoppa ebibinja by’aba Bantu nga Tumbuka.<ref name="Team">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 1480 Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwatandikibwawo kalonga (omukulu w'obwakabaka bwa Maravi) okuva mu kika kya Phiri, kimu ku bika ebikulu, ng'ebirala mulimu Banda, Mwale ne Nkhoma. Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwali buva ku Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Enkulaakulana y'ebyobufuzi ey'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi yali efaanana ey'Obwakabaka bwa Luba era kigambibwa nti bwavaayo. Ekyamaguzi ekikulu eky'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi kyali amasanga, agaatundibwanga okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Ekyuma nakyo kyakolebwanga era ne kitundibwa mu nsi endala. Mu myaka gya 1590, Abapotigo baagezaako okweddiza eby'obusuubuzi n’okutunda Maravi mu nsi endala. Okugezaako kuno kwaleetawo obusungu mu Maravi ab’e Lundu, abaasumulula eggye lyabwe erya WaZimba. WaZimba baalumba ebibuga by’Abapotigo eby’obusuubuzi nga Tete, Sena n’ebibuga ebirala bingi.<ref name="thinkafrica.net">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Abamaravi nabo bateeberezebwa okuba nga baaleeta obulombolombo obwandifuuse ekibiina kya Nyau eky'ekyama okuva e Upemba. Aba Nyau be bakola ku nzikiriza oba eddiini y'obuwangwa ey'abantu b'omu Maravi. Ekibiina kya Nyau kirimu okuzina okw'obulombolombo n'obukookolo obukozesebwa mu kuzina; enzikiriza eno yasaasaana okwetooloola ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maptia |title=The Secret Cult of Nyau Dancers |url=https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108130415/https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-date=8 November 2020 |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=Maptia |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwakendeera olw'enkaayana ezikwata ku busika mu mukago, okulumbibwa Ngoni n'okulumba abaddu okuva mu Yao.<ref name="thinkafrica.net2">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] tjkul7s8a9mtfekquvdfmz7ji2qpvoz 58608 58607 2026-07-03T18:53:09Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nyonddemu ekiba 58608 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Amawanga ga Luba-Lunda oluvannyuma gaakendeera olw'okutunda abaddu mu Atlantic mu Bugwanjuba ne mu Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba ne mu ntalo n'ebibinja ebyali byawuddwa ku bwakabaka. Aba Chokwe, ekibinja ekirina oluganda olw'okumpi ne Luvale era ne kitondebwawo ng'eggwanga lya Lunda satellite, mu kusooka gaakosebwa olw'obwetaavu bwabaddu eri Abazungu, naye bwe baawukana ku bwakabaka, bo bennyini baafuuka batunzi ba baddu abamanyiddwa ennyo, nga batunda abaddu ku mbalama zombi. Abachokwe oluvannyuma baawangulwa amawanga amalala n'Abaportugali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azuonye |first=Chukwuma |date=15 December 1996 |title=Chokwe: (Angola, Zambia) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ejao3vG6nfsC&pg=PA11 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-1990-1 |language=en}}</ref> Obutali butebenkevu buno bwaviirako okugwa kw'obwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'abantu okusaasaanira mu bitundu bya Zambia eby'enjawulo okuva mu Democratic Republic of the Congo. Abazambia abasinga obungi balina obuzaale mu bwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'obwakabaka obulala obuli mu Masekkati ga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1200, ng’eggwanga lya Luba-Lunda terinnatandikibwawo, ekibinja ky’aba Bantu baatandika okusenguka okuva mu Congo Basin okudda ku Nnyanja Mweru ate oluvannyuma ne basenga okumpi n’ennyanja Malawi. Abasenze bano balowoozebwa okuba nga baali abamu ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky’e Upemba mu Democratic Republic of Congo. Mu myaka gya 1400, ebibinja by’abasenze bano awamu baayitibwanga Maravi, era nga mu bo mwalimu Abachewa abaatandika okukoppa ebibinja by’aba Bantu nga Tumbuka.<ref name="Team">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 1480 Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwatandikibwawo kalonga (omukulu w'obwakabaka bwa Maravi) okuva mu kika kya Phiri, kimu ku bika ebikulu, ng'ebirala mulimu Banda, Mwale ne Nkhoma. Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwali buva ku Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Enkulaakulana y'ebyobufuzi ey'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi yali efaanana ey'Obwakabaka bwa Luba era kigambibwa nti bwavaayo. Ekyamaguzi ekikulu eky'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi kyali amasanga, agaatundibwanga okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Ekyuma nakyo kyakolebwanga era ne kitundibwa mu nsi endala. Mu myaka gya 1590, Abapotigo baagezaako okweddiza eby'obusuubuzi n’okutunda Maravi mu nsi endala. Okugezaako kuno kwaleetawo obusungu mu Maravi ab’e Lundu, abaasumulula eggye lyabwe erya WaZimba. WaZimba baalumba ebibuga by’Abapotigo eby’obusuubuzi nga Tete, Sena n’ebibuga ebirala bingi.<ref name="thinkafrica.net">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Abamaravi nabo bateeberezebwa okuba nga baaleeta obulombolombo obwandifuuse ekibiina kya Nyau eky'ekyama okuva e Upemba. Aba Nyau be bakola ku nzikiriza oba eddiini y'obuwangwa ey'abantu b'omu Maravi. Ekibiina kya Nyau kirimu okuzina okw'obulombolombo n'obukookolo obukozesebwa mu kuzina; enzikiriza eno yasaasaana okwetooloola ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maptia |title=The Secret Cult of Nyau Dancers |url=https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108130415/https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-date=8 November 2020 |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=Maptia |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwakendeera olw'enkaayana ezikwata ku busika mu mukago, okulumbibwa Ngoni n'okulumba abaddu okuva mu Yao.<ref name="thinkafrica.net2">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa ne Mfecane''' == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] 0xq3rjmxb7xe3xmvfbhgm2mf0zawgkj 58610 58608 2026-07-03T18:54:18Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ekiba 58610 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Amawanga ga Luba-Lunda oluvannyuma gaakendeera olw'okutunda abaddu mu Atlantic mu Bugwanjuba ne mu Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba ne mu ntalo n'ebibinja ebyali byawuddwa ku bwakabaka. Aba Chokwe, ekibinja ekirina oluganda olw'okumpi ne Luvale era ne kitondebwawo ng'eggwanga lya Lunda satellite, mu kusooka gaakosebwa olw'obwetaavu bwabaddu eri Abazungu, naye bwe baawukana ku bwakabaka, bo bennyini baafuuka batunzi ba baddu abamanyiddwa ennyo, nga batunda abaddu ku mbalama zombi. Abachokwe oluvannyuma baawangulwa amawanga amalala n'Abaportugali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azuonye |first=Chukwuma |date=15 December 1996 |title=Chokwe: (Angola, Zambia) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ejao3vG6nfsC&pg=PA11 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-1990-1 |language=en}}</ref> Obutali butebenkevu buno bwaviirako okugwa kw'obwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'abantu okusaasaanira mu bitundu bya Zambia eby'enjawulo okuva mu Democratic Republic of the Congo. Abazambia abasinga obungi balina obuzaale mu bwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'obwakabaka obulala obuli mu Masekkati ga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1200, ng’eggwanga lya Luba-Lunda terinnatandikibwawo, ekibinja ky’aba Bantu baatandika okusenguka okuva mu Congo Basin okudda ku Nnyanja Mweru ate oluvannyuma ne basenga okumpi n’ennyanja Malawi. Abasenze bano balowoozebwa okuba nga baali abamu ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky’e Upemba mu Democratic Republic of Congo. Mu myaka gya 1400, ebibinja by’abasenze bano awamu baayitibwanga Maravi, era nga mu bo mwalimu Abachewa abaatandika okukoppa ebibinja by’aba Bantu nga Tumbuka.<ref name="Team">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 1480 Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwatandikibwawo kalonga (omukulu w'obwakabaka bwa Maravi) okuva mu kika kya Phiri, kimu ku bika ebikulu, ng'ebirala mulimu Banda, Mwale ne Nkhoma. Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwali buva ku Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Enkulaakulana y'ebyobufuzi ey'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi yali efaanana ey'Obwakabaka bwa Luba era kigambibwa nti bwavaayo. Ekyamaguzi ekikulu eky'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi kyali amasanga, agaatundibwanga okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Ekyuma nakyo kyakolebwanga era ne kitundibwa mu nsi endala. Mu myaka gya 1590, Abapotigo baagezaako okweddiza eby'obusuubuzi n’okutunda Maravi mu nsi endala. Okugezaako kuno kwaleetawo obusungu mu Maravi ab’e Lundu, abaasumulula eggye lyabwe erya WaZimba. WaZimba baalumba ebibuga by’Abapotigo eby’obusuubuzi nga Tete, Sena n’ebibuga ebirala bingi.<ref name="thinkafrica.net">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Abamaravi nabo bateeberezebwa okuba nga baaleeta obulombolombo obwandifuuse ekibiina kya Nyau eky'ekyama okuva e Upemba. Aba Nyau be bakola ku nzikiriza oba eddiini y'obuwangwa ey'abantu b'omu Maravi. Ekibiina kya Nyau kirimu okuzina okw'obulombolombo n'obukookolo obukozesebwa mu kuzina; enzikiriza eno yasaasaana okwetooloola ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maptia |title=The Secret Cult of Nyau Dancers |url=https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108130415/https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-date=8 November 2020 |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=Maptia |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwakendeera olw'enkaayana ezikwata ku busika mu mukago, okulumbibwa Ngoni n'okulumba abaddu okuva mu Yao.<ref name="thinkafrica.net2">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa ne Mfecane''' Ng'Obwakabaka bwa Great Zimbabwe bwali bukendedde, omu ku balangira baabwo, Nyatsimba Mutota, yava mu ggwanga n'atandikawo obwakabaka obupya obuyitibwa Mutapa. Ekitiibwa kya Mwene Mutapa, ekitegeeza "Omulumbaganyi w'Ensi", kyamuweebwa era n'abafuzi abaddirira.[1] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] lwxlar8avrvlbhp6mg9t3pbz5z1xpqa 58611 58610 2026-07-03T18:56:00Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 58611 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Amawanga ga Luba-Lunda oluvannyuma gaakendeera olw'okutunda abaddu mu Atlantic mu Bugwanjuba ne mu Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba ne mu ntalo n'ebibinja ebyali byawuddwa ku bwakabaka. Aba Chokwe, ekibinja ekirina oluganda olw'okumpi ne Luvale era ne kitondebwawo ng'eggwanga lya Lunda satellite, mu kusooka gaakosebwa olw'obwetaavu bwabaddu eri Abazungu, naye bwe baawukana ku bwakabaka, bo bennyini baafuuka batunzi ba baddu abamanyiddwa ennyo, nga batunda abaddu ku mbalama zombi. Abachokwe oluvannyuma baawangulwa amawanga amalala n'Abaportugali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azuonye |first=Chukwuma |date=15 December 1996 |title=Chokwe: (Angola, Zambia) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ejao3vG6nfsC&pg=PA11 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-1990-1 |language=en}}</ref> Obutali butebenkevu buno bwaviirako okugwa kw'obwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'abantu okusaasaanira mu bitundu bya Zambia eby'enjawulo okuva mu Democratic Republic of the Congo. Abazambia abasinga obungi balina obuzaale mu bwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'obwakabaka obulala obuli mu Masekkati ga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1200, ng’eggwanga lya Luba-Lunda terinnatandikibwawo, ekibinja ky’aba Bantu baatandika okusenguka okuva mu Congo Basin okudda ku Nnyanja Mweru ate oluvannyuma ne basenga okumpi n’ennyanja Malawi. Abasenze bano balowoozebwa okuba nga baali abamu ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky’e Upemba mu Democratic Republic of Congo. Mu myaka gya 1400, ebibinja by’abasenze bano awamu baayitibwanga Maravi, era nga mu bo mwalimu Abachewa abaatandika okukoppa ebibinja by’aba Bantu nga Tumbuka.<ref name="Team">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 1480 Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwatandikibwawo kalonga (omukulu w'obwakabaka bwa Maravi) okuva mu kika kya Phiri, kimu ku bika ebikulu, ng'ebirala mulimu Banda, Mwale ne Nkhoma. Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwali buva ku Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Enkulaakulana y'ebyobufuzi ey'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi yali efaanana ey'Obwakabaka bwa Luba era kigambibwa nti bwavaayo. Ekyamaguzi ekikulu eky'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi kyali amasanga, agaatundibwanga okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Ekyuma nakyo kyakolebwanga era ne kitundibwa mu nsi endala. Mu myaka gya 1590, Abapotigo baagezaako okweddiza eby'obusuubuzi n’okutunda Maravi mu nsi endala. Okugezaako kuno kwaleetawo obusungu mu Maravi ab’e Lundu, abaasumulula eggye lyabwe erya WaZimba. WaZimba baalumba ebibuga by’Abapotigo eby’obusuubuzi nga Tete, Sena n’ebibuga ebirala bingi.<ref name="thinkafrica.net">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Abamaravi nabo bateeberezebwa okuba nga baaleeta obulombolombo obwandifuuse ekibiina kya Nyau eky'ekyama okuva e Upemba. Aba Nyau be bakola ku nzikiriza oba eddiini y'obuwangwa ey'abantu b'omu Maravi. Ekibiina kya Nyau kirimu okuzina okw'obulombolombo n'obukookolo obukozesebwa mu kuzina; enzikiriza eno yasaasaana okwetooloola ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maptia |title=The Secret Cult of Nyau Dancers |url=https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108130415/https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-date=8 November 2020 |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=Maptia |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwakendeera olw'enkaayana ezikwata ku busika mu mukago, okulumbibwa Ngoni n'okulumba abaddu okuva mu Yao.<ref name="thinkafrica.net2">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa ne Mfecane''' Ng'Obwakabaka bwa Great Zimbabwe bwali bukendedde, omu ku balangira baabwo, Nyatsimba Mutota, yava mu ggwanga n'atandikawo obwakabaka obupya obuyitibwa Mutapa. Ekitiibwa kya Mwene Mutapa, ekitegeeza "Omulumbaganyi w'Ensi", kyamuweebwa era n'abafuzi abaddirira.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mwene Matapa {{!}} historical dynastic title, southern Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520141810/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |archive-date=20 May 2023 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] 3ietth3uj15z7xjvfqqlvof8wdpo5b1 58612 58611 2026-07-03T18:58:41Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nterezezza mu mpandiika 58612 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Amawanga ga Luba-Lunda oluvannyuma gaakendeera olw'okutunda abaddu mu Atlantic mu Bugwanjuba ne mu Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba ne mu ntalo n'ebibinja ebyali byawuddwa ku bwakabaka. Aba Chokwe, ekibinja ekirina oluganda olw'okumpi ne Luvale era ne kitondebwawo ng'eggwanga lya Lunda satellite, mu kusooka gaakosebwa olw'obwetaavu bwabaddu eri Abazungu, naye bwe baawukana ku bwakabaka, bo bennyini baafuuka batunzi ba baddu abamanyiddwa ennyo, nga batunda abaddu ku mbalama zombi. Abachokwe oluvannyuma baawangulwa amawanga amalala n'Abaportugali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azuonye |first=Chukwuma |date=15 December 1996 |title=Chokwe: (Angola, Zambia) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ejao3vG6nfsC&pg=PA11 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-1990-1 |language=en}}</ref> Obutali butebenkevu buno bwaviirako okugwa kw'obwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'abantu okusaasaanira mu bitundu bya Zambia eby'enjawulo okuva mu Democratic Republic of the Congo. Abazambia abasinga obungi balina obuzaale mu bwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'obwakabaka obulala obuli mu Masekkati ga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1200, ng’eggwanga lya Luba-Lunda terinnatandikibwawo, ekibinja ky’aba Bantu baatandika okusenguka okuva mu Congo Basin okudda ku Nnyanja Mweru ate oluvannyuma ne basenga okumpi n’ennyanja Malawi. Abasenze bano balowoozebwa okuba nga baali abamu ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky’e Upemba mu Democratic Republic of Congo. Mu myaka gya 1400, ebibinja by’abasenze bano awamu baayitibwanga Maravi, era nga mu bo mwalimu Abachewa abaatandika okukoppa ebibinja by’aba Bantu nga Tumbuka.<ref name="Team">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 1480 Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwatandikibwawo kalonga (omukulu w'obwakabaka bwa Maravi) okuva mu kika kya Phiri, kimu ku bika ebikulu, ng'ebirala mulimu Banda, Mwale ne Nkhoma. Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwali buva ku Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Enkulaakulana y'ebyobufuzi ey'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi yali efaanana ey'Obwakabaka bwa Luba era kigambibwa nti bwavaayo. Ekyamaguzi ekikulu eky'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi kyali amasanga, agaatundibwanga okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Ekyuma nakyo kyakolebwanga era ne kitundibwa mu nsi endala. Mu myaka gya 1590, Abapotigo baagezaako okweddiza eby'obusuubuzi n’okutunda Maravi mu nsi endala. Okugezaako kuno kwaleetawo obusungu mu Maravi ab’e Lundu, abaasumulula eggye lyabwe erya WaZimba. WaZimba baalumba ebibuga by’Abapotigo eby’obusuubuzi nga Tete, Sena n’ebibuga ebirala bingi.<ref name="thinkafrica.net">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Abamaravi nabo bateeberezebwa okuba nga baaleeta obulombolombo obwandifuuse ekibiina kya Nyau eky'ekyama okuva e Upemba. Aba Nyau be bakola ku nzikiriza oba eddiini y'obuwangwa ey'abantu b'omu Maravi. Ekibiina kya Nyau kirimu okuzina okw'obulombolombo n'obukookolo obukozesebwa mu kuzina; enzikiriza eno yasaasaana okwetooloola ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maptia |title=The Secret Cult of Nyau Dancers |url=https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108130415/https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-date=8 November 2020 |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=Maptia |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwakendeera olw'enkaayana ezikwata ku busika mu mukago, okulumbibwa Ngoni n'okulumba abaddu okuva mu Yao.<ref name="thinkafrica.net2">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa ne Mfecane''' Ng'Obwakabaka bwa Great Zimbabwe bwali bukendedde, omu ku balangira baabwo, Nyatsimba Mutota, yava mu ggwanga n'atandikawo obwakabaka obupya obuyitibwa Mutapa. Ekitiibwa kya Mwene Mutapa, ekitegeeza "Omulumbaganyi w'Ensi", kyamuweebwa era n'abafuzi abaddirira.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mwene Matapa {{!}} historical dynastic title, southern Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520141810/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |archive-date=20 May 2023 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwafuganga ekitundu ekiri wakati w’Omugga Zambezi n’Omugga Limpopo, mu kitundu ekiriwo kati ekiyitibwa Zambia, Zimbabwe ne Mozambique, okuva mu kyasa ekya 14 okutuusa mu kyasa ekya 17. Mu ntikko yaabwo, Mutapa yali awambye ekitundu kya Dande eky’Omugga Tonga ne Tavara. Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwasinganga kwetaba mu by’obusuubuzi okusomoka Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okutuuka mu mawanga ag’omu Asiya. == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] 8vyqe4tmd675tlh42av46qmgeuw7t44 58613 58612 2026-07-03T18:59:35Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 58613 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Amawanga ga Luba-Lunda oluvannyuma gaakendeera olw'okutunda abaddu mu Atlantic mu Bugwanjuba ne mu Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba ne mu ntalo n'ebibinja ebyali byawuddwa ku bwakabaka. Aba Chokwe, ekibinja ekirina oluganda olw'okumpi ne Luvale era ne kitondebwawo ng'eggwanga lya Lunda satellite, mu kusooka gaakosebwa olw'obwetaavu bwabaddu eri Abazungu, naye bwe baawukana ku bwakabaka, bo bennyini baafuuka batunzi ba baddu abamanyiddwa ennyo, nga batunda abaddu ku mbalama zombi. Abachokwe oluvannyuma baawangulwa amawanga amalala n'Abaportugali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azuonye |first=Chukwuma |date=15 December 1996 |title=Chokwe: (Angola, Zambia) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ejao3vG6nfsC&pg=PA11 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-1990-1 |language=en}}</ref> Obutali butebenkevu buno bwaviirako okugwa kw'obwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'abantu okusaasaanira mu bitundu bya Zambia eby'enjawulo okuva mu Democratic Republic of the Congo. Abazambia abasinga obungi balina obuzaale mu bwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'obwakabaka obulala obuli mu Masekkati ga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1200, ng’eggwanga lya Luba-Lunda terinnatandikibwawo, ekibinja ky’aba Bantu baatandika okusenguka okuva mu Congo Basin okudda ku Nnyanja Mweru ate oluvannyuma ne basenga okumpi n’ennyanja Malawi. Abasenze bano balowoozebwa okuba nga baali abamu ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky’e Upemba mu Democratic Republic of Congo. Mu myaka gya 1400, ebibinja by’abasenze bano awamu baayitibwanga Maravi, era nga mu bo mwalimu Abachewa abaatandika okukoppa ebibinja by’aba Bantu nga Tumbuka.<ref name="Team">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 1480 Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwatandikibwawo kalonga (omukulu w'obwakabaka bwa Maravi) okuva mu kika kya Phiri, kimu ku bika ebikulu, ng'ebirala mulimu Banda, Mwale ne Nkhoma. Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwali buva ku Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Enkulaakulana y'ebyobufuzi ey'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi yali efaanana ey'Obwakabaka bwa Luba era kigambibwa nti bwavaayo. Ekyamaguzi ekikulu eky'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi kyali amasanga, agaatundibwanga okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Ekyuma nakyo kyakolebwanga era ne kitundibwa mu nsi endala. Mu myaka gya 1590, Abapotigo baagezaako okweddiza eby'obusuubuzi n’okutunda Maravi mu nsi endala. Okugezaako kuno kwaleetawo obusungu mu Maravi ab’e Lundu, abaasumulula eggye lyabwe erya WaZimba. WaZimba baalumba ebibuga by’Abapotigo eby’obusuubuzi nga Tete, Sena n’ebibuga ebirala bingi.<ref name="thinkafrica.net">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Abamaravi nabo bateeberezebwa okuba nga baaleeta obulombolombo obwandifuuse ekibiina kya Nyau eky'ekyama okuva e Upemba. Aba Nyau be bakola ku nzikiriza oba eddiini y'obuwangwa ey'abantu b'omu Maravi. Ekibiina kya Nyau kirimu okuzina okw'obulombolombo n'obukookolo obukozesebwa mu kuzina; enzikiriza eno yasaasaana okwetooloola ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maptia |title=The Secret Cult of Nyau Dancers |url=https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108130415/https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-date=8 November 2020 |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=Maptia |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwakendeera olw'enkaayana ezikwata ku busika mu mukago, okulumbibwa Ngoni n'okulumba abaddu okuva mu Yao.<ref name="thinkafrica.net2">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa ne Mfecane''' Ng'Obwakabaka bwa Great Zimbabwe bwali bukendedde, omu ku balangira baabwo, Nyatsimba Mutota, yava mu ggwanga n'atandikawo obwakabaka obupya obuyitibwa Mutapa. Ekitiibwa kya Mwene Mutapa, ekitegeeza "Omulumbaganyi w'Ensi", kyamuweebwa era n'abafuzi abaddirira.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mwene Matapa {{!}} historical dynastic title, southern Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520141810/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |archive-date=20 May 2023 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwafuganga ekitundu ekiri wakati w’Omugga Zambezi n’Omugga Limpopo, mu kitundu ekiriwo kati ekiyitibwa Zambia, Zimbabwe ne Mozambique, okuva mu kyasa ekya 14 okutuusa mu kyasa ekya 17. Mu ntikko yaabwo, Mutapa yali awambye ekitundu kya Dande eky’Omugga Tonga ne Tavara. Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwasinganga kwetaba mu by’obusuubuzi okusomoka Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okutuuka mu mawanga ag’omu Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] 1ds8vzvdart6y5a6bjv5t2xfc7ly6ul 58616 58613 2026-07-03T19:09:26Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nterezezza mu mpandiika 58616 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Amawanga ga Luba-Lunda oluvannyuma gaakendeera olw'okutunda abaddu mu Atlantic mu Bugwanjuba ne mu Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba ne mu ntalo n'ebibinja ebyali byawuddwa ku bwakabaka. Aba Chokwe, ekibinja ekirina oluganda olw'okumpi ne Luvale era ne kitondebwawo ng'eggwanga lya Lunda satellite, mu kusooka gaakosebwa olw'obwetaavu bwabaddu eri Abazungu, naye bwe baawukana ku bwakabaka, bo bennyini baafuuka batunzi ba baddu abamanyiddwa ennyo, nga batunda abaddu ku mbalama zombi. Abachokwe oluvannyuma baawangulwa amawanga amalala n'Abaportugali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azuonye |first=Chukwuma |date=15 December 1996 |title=Chokwe: (Angola, Zambia) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ejao3vG6nfsC&pg=PA11 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-1990-1 |language=en}}</ref> Obutali butebenkevu buno bwaviirako okugwa kw'obwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'abantu okusaasaanira mu bitundu bya Zambia eby'enjawulo okuva mu Democratic Republic of the Congo. Abazambia abasinga obungi balina obuzaale mu bwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'obwakabaka obulala obuli mu Masekkati ga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1200, ng’eggwanga lya Luba-Lunda terinnatandikibwawo, ekibinja ky’aba Bantu baatandika okusenguka okuva mu Congo Basin okudda ku Nnyanja Mweru ate oluvannyuma ne basenga okumpi n’ennyanja Malawi. Abasenze bano balowoozebwa okuba nga baali abamu ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky’e Upemba mu Democratic Republic of Congo. Mu myaka gya 1400, ebibinja by’abasenze bano awamu baayitibwanga Maravi, era nga mu bo mwalimu Abachewa abaatandika okukoppa ebibinja by’aba Bantu nga Tumbuka.<ref name="Team">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 1480 Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwatandikibwawo kalonga (omukulu w'obwakabaka bwa Maravi) okuva mu kika kya Phiri, kimu ku bika ebikulu, ng'ebirala mulimu Banda, Mwale ne Nkhoma. Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwali buva ku Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Enkulaakulana y'ebyobufuzi ey'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi yali efaanana ey'Obwakabaka bwa Luba era kigambibwa nti bwavaayo. Ekyamaguzi ekikulu eky'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi kyali amasanga, agaatundibwanga okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Ekyuma nakyo kyakolebwanga era ne kitundibwa mu nsi endala. Mu myaka gya 1590, Abapotigo baagezaako okweddiza eby'obusuubuzi n’okutunda Maravi mu nsi endala. Okugezaako kuno kwaleetawo obusungu mu Maravi ab’e Lundu, abaasumulula eggye lyabwe erya WaZimba. WaZimba baalumba ebibuga by’Abapotigo eby’obusuubuzi nga Tete, Sena n’ebibuga ebirala bingi.<ref name="thinkafrica.net">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Abamaravi nabo bateeberezebwa okuba nga baaleeta obulombolombo obwandifuuse ekibiina kya Nyau eky'ekyama okuva e Upemba. Aba Nyau be bakola ku nzikiriza oba eddiini y'obuwangwa ey'abantu b'omu Maravi. Ekibiina kya Nyau kirimu okuzina okw'obulombolombo n'obukookolo obukozesebwa mu kuzina; enzikiriza eno yasaasaana okwetooloola ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maptia |title=The Secret Cult of Nyau Dancers |url=https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108130415/https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-date=8 November 2020 |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=Maptia |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwakendeera olw'enkaayana ezikwata ku busika mu mukago, okulumbibwa Ngoni n'okulumba abaddu okuva mu Yao.<ref name="thinkafrica.net2">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa ne Mfecane''' Ng'Obwakabaka bwa Great Zimbabwe bwali bukendedde, omu ku balangira baabwo, Nyatsimba Mutota, yava mu ggwanga n'atandikawo obwakabaka obupya obuyitibwa Mutapa. Ekitiibwa kya Mwene Mutapa, ekitegeeza "Omulumbaganyi w'Ensi", kyamuweebwa era n'abafuzi abaddirira.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mwene Matapa {{!}} historical dynastic title, southern Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520141810/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |archive-date=20 May 2023 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwafuganga ekitundu ekiri wakati w’Omugga Zambezi n’Omugga Limpopo, mu kitundu ekiriwo kati ekiyitibwa Zambia, Zimbabwe ne Mozambique, okuva mu kyasa ekya 14 okutuusa mu kyasa ekya 17. Mu ntikko yaabwo, Mutapa yali awambye ekitundu kya Dande eky’Omugga Tonga ne Tavara. Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwasinganga kwetaba mu by’obusuubuzi okusomoka Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okutuuka mu mawanga ag’omu Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Okufaananako abantu abaaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu mu Maravi, Mutapa yalina obuzibu n’abasuubuzi Abapotigo abaali bazze. Obutategeeragana buno we bwatuukira ku ntikko, Abapotigo baali bagezezzaako okukyusa mu nsonga z’omunda mu bwakabaka nga batandikawo obutale mu bwakabaka era nga bakyusa abantu okubayingiza Obukristaayo. Ekikolwa kino kyaleetawo obusungu mu Basiraamu AbaSwahili abaali babeera mu kibuga ekikulu, akavuyo kano kaawa Abapotigo ensonga gye baali banoonya okulumba obwakabaka era bagezeeko okufuga ebirombe by'abwo ebya zaabu n'enguudo awayitira amasanga. Obulumbaganyi buno bwagwa butaka Abapotigo bwe baalumbibwa endwadde nga bayita ku mugga Zambezi.[1] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] 0bkxwqbfs2qtfw1mo7smahimszvgmbi 58617 58616 2026-07-03T19:09:55Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 58617 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Amawanga ga Luba-Lunda oluvannyuma gaakendeera olw'okutunda abaddu mu Atlantic mu Bugwanjuba ne mu Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba ne mu ntalo n'ebibinja ebyali byawuddwa ku bwakabaka. Aba Chokwe, ekibinja ekirina oluganda olw'okumpi ne Luvale era ne kitondebwawo ng'eggwanga lya Lunda satellite, mu kusooka gaakosebwa olw'obwetaavu bwabaddu eri Abazungu, naye bwe baawukana ku bwakabaka, bo bennyini baafuuka batunzi ba baddu abamanyiddwa ennyo, nga batunda abaddu ku mbalama zombi. Abachokwe oluvannyuma baawangulwa amawanga amalala n'Abaportugali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azuonye |first=Chukwuma |date=15 December 1996 |title=Chokwe: (Angola, Zambia) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ejao3vG6nfsC&pg=PA11 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-1990-1 |language=en}}</ref> Obutali butebenkevu buno bwaviirako okugwa kw'obwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'abantu okusaasaanira mu bitundu bya Zambia eby'enjawulo okuva mu Democratic Republic of the Congo. Abazambia abasinga obungi balina obuzaale mu bwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'obwakabaka obulala obuli mu Masekkati ga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1200, ng’eggwanga lya Luba-Lunda terinnatandikibwawo, ekibinja ky’aba Bantu baatandika okusenguka okuva mu Congo Basin okudda ku Nnyanja Mweru ate oluvannyuma ne basenga okumpi n’ennyanja Malawi. Abasenze bano balowoozebwa okuba nga baali abamu ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky’e Upemba mu Democratic Republic of Congo. Mu myaka gya 1400, ebibinja by’abasenze bano awamu baayitibwanga Maravi, era nga mu bo mwalimu Abachewa abaatandika okukoppa ebibinja by’aba Bantu nga Tumbuka.<ref name="Team">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 1480 Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwatandikibwawo kalonga (omukulu w'obwakabaka bwa Maravi) okuva mu kika kya Phiri, kimu ku bika ebikulu, ng'ebirala mulimu Banda, Mwale ne Nkhoma. Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwali buva ku Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Enkulaakulana y'ebyobufuzi ey'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi yali efaanana ey'Obwakabaka bwa Luba era kigambibwa nti bwavaayo. Ekyamaguzi ekikulu eky'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi kyali amasanga, agaatundibwanga okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Ekyuma nakyo kyakolebwanga era ne kitundibwa mu nsi endala. Mu myaka gya 1590, Abapotigo baagezaako okweddiza eby'obusuubuzi n’okutunda Maravi mu nsi endala. Okugezaako kuno kwaleetawo obusungu mu Maravi ab’e Lundu, abaasumulula eggye lyabwe erya WaZimba. WaZimba baalumba ebibuga by’Abapotigo eby’obusuubuzi nga Tete, Sena n’ebibuga ebirala bingi.<ref name="thinkafrica.net">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Abamaravi nabo bateeberezebwa okuba nga baaleeta obulombolombo obwandifuuse ekibiina kya Nyau eky'ekyama okuva e Upemba. Aba Nyau be bakola ku nzikiriza oba eddiini y'obuwangwa ey'abantu b'omu Maravi. Ekibiina kya Nyau kirimu okuzina okw'obulombolombo n'obukookolo obukozesebwa mu kuzina; enzikiriza eno yasaasaana okwetooloola ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maptia |title=The Secret Cult of Nyau Dancers |url=https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108130415/https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-date=8 November 2020 |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=Maptia |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwakendeera olw'enkaayana ezikwata ku busika mu mukago, okulumbibwa Ngoni n'okulumba abaddu okuva mu Yao.<ref name="thinkafrica.net2">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa ne Mfecane''' Ng'Obwakabaka bwa Great Zimbabwe bwali bukendedde, omu ku balangira baabwo, Nyatsimba Mutota, yava mu ggwanga n'atandikawo obwakabaka obupya obuyitibwa Mutapa. Ekitiibwa kya Mwene Mutapa, ekitegeeza "Omulumbaganyi w'Ensi", kyamuweebwa era n'abafuzi abaddirira.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mwene Matapa {{!}} historical dynastic title, southern Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520141810/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |archive-date=20 May 2023 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwafuganga ekitundu ekiri wakati w’Omugga Zambezi n’Omugga Limpopo, mu kitundu ekiriwo kati ekiyitibwa Zambia, Zimbabwe ne Mozambique, okuva mu kyasa ekya 14 okutuusa mu kyasa ekya 17. Mu ntikko yaabwo, Mutapa yali awambye ekitundu kya Dande eky’Omugga Tonga ne Tavara. Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwasinganga kwetaba mu by’obusuubuzi okusomoka Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okutuuka mu mawanga ag’omu Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Okufaananako abantu abaaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu mu Maravi, Mutapa yalina obuzibu n’abasuubuzi Abapotigo abaali bazze. Obutategeeragana buno we bwatuukira ku ntikko, Abapotigo baali bagezezzaako okukyusa mu nsonga z’omunda mu bwakabaka nga batandikawo obutale mu bwakabaka era nga bakyusa abantu okubayingiza Obukristaayo. Ekikolwa kino kyaleetawo obusungu mu Basiraamu AbaSwahili abaali babeera mu kibuga ekikulu, akavuyo kano kaawa Abapotigo ensonga gye baali banoonya okulumba obwakabaka era bagezeeko okufuga ebirombe by'abwo ebya zaabu n'enguudo awayitira amasanga. Obulumbaganyi buno bwagwa butaka Abapotigo bwe baalumbibwa endwadde nga bayita ku mugga Zambezi.<ref name="Mutapa">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] s6gc66x2utqomgrlgxalb515bxdwlf6 58624 58617 2026-07-03T19:50:58Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ekiba 58624 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Amawanga ga Luba-Lunda oluvannyuma gaakendeera olw'okutunda abaddu mu Atlantic mu Bugwanjuba ne mu Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba ne mu ntalo n'ebibinja ebyali byawuddwa ku bwakabaka. Aba Chokwe, ekibinja ekirina oluganda olw'okumpi ne Luvale era ne kitondebwawo ng'eggwanga lya Lunda satellite, mu kusooka gaakosebwa olw'obwetaavu bwabaddu eri Abazungu, naye bwe baawukana ku bwakabaka, bo bennyini baafuuka batunzi ba baddu abamanyiddwa ennyo, nga batunda abaddu ku mbalama zombi. Abachokwe oluvannyuma baawangulwa amawanga amalala n'Abaportugali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azuonye |first=Chukwuma |date=15 December 1996 |title=Chokwe: (Angola, Zambia) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ejao3vG6nfsC&pg=PA11 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-1990-1 |language=en}}</ref> Obutali butebenkevu buno bwaviirako okugwa kw'obwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'abantu okusaasaanira mu bitundu bya Zambia eby'enjawulo okuva mu Democratic Republic of the Congo. Abazambia abasinga obungi balina obuzaale mu bwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'obwakabaka obulala obuli mu Masekkati ga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1200, ng’eggwanga lya Luba-Lunda terinnatandikibwawo, ekibinja ky’aba Bantu baatandika okusenguka okuva mu Congo Basin okudda ku Nnyanja Mweru ate oluvannyuma ne basenga okumpi n’ennyanja Malawi. Abasenze bano balowoozebwa okuba nga baali abamu ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky’e Upemba mu Democratic Republic of Congo. Mu myaka gya 1400, ebibinja by’abasenze bano awamu baayitibwanga Maravi, era nga mu bo mwalimu Abachewa abaatandika okukoppa ebibinja by’aba Bantu nga Tumbuka.<ref name="Team">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 1480 Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwatandikibwawo kalonga (omukulu w'obwakabaka bwa Maravi) okuva mu kika kya Phiri, kimu ku bika ebikulu, ng'ebirala mulimu Banda, Mwale ne Nkhoma. Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwali buva ku Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Enkulaakulana y'ebyobufuzi ey'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi yali efaanana ey'Obwakabaka bwa Luba era kigambibwa nti bwavaayo. Ekyamaguzi ekikulu eky'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi kyali amasanga, agaatundibwanga okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Ekyuma nakyo kyakolebwanga era ne kitundibwa mu nsi endala. Mu myaka gya 1590, Abapotigo baagezaako okweddiza eby'obusuubuzi n’okutunda Maravi mu nsi endala. Okugezaako kuno kwaleetawo obusungu mu Maravi ab’e Lundu, abaasumulula eggye lyabwe erya WaZimba. WaZimba baalumba ebibuga by’Abapotigo eby’obusuubuzi nga Tete, Sena n’ebibuga ebirala bingi.<ref name="thinkafrica.net">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Abamaravi nabo bateeberezebwa okuba nga baaleeta obulombolombo obwandifuuse ekibiina kya Nyau eky'ekyama okuva e Upemba. Aba Nyau be bakola ku nzikiriza oba eddiini y'obuwangwa ey'abantu b'omu Maravi. Ekibiina kya Nyau kirimu okuzina okw'obulombolombo n'obukookolo obukozesebwa mu kuzina; enzikiriza eno yasaasaana okwetooloola ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maptia |title=The Secret Cult of Nyau Dancers |url=https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108130415/https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-date=8 November 2020 |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=Maptia |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwakendeera olw'enkaayana ezikwata ku busika mu mukago, okulumbibwa Ngoni n'okulumba abaddu okuva mu Yao.<ref name="thinkafrica.net2">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa ne Mfecane''' Ng'Obwakabaka bwa Great Zimbabwe bwali bukendedde, omu ku balangira baabwo, Nyatsimba Mutota, yava mu ggwanga n'atandikawo obwakabaka obupya obuyitibwa Mutapa. Ekitiibwa kya Mwene Mutapa, ekitegeeza "Omulumbaganyi w'Ensi", kyamuweebwa era n'abafuzi abaddirira.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mwene Matapa {{!}} historical dynastic title, southern Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520141810/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |archive-date=20 May 2023 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwafuganga ekitundu ekiri wakati w’Omugga Zambezi n’Omugga Limpopo, mu kitundu ekiriwo kati ekiyitibwa Zambia, Zimbabwe ne Mozambique, okuva mu kyasa ekya 14 okutuusa mu kyasa ekya 17. Mu ntikko yaabwo, Mutapa yali awambye ekitundu kya Dande eky’Omugga Tonga ne Tavara. Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwasinganga kwetaba mu by’obusuubuzi okusomoka Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okutuuka mu mawanga ag’omu Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Okufaananako abantu abaaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu mu Maravi, Mutapa yalina obuzibu n’abasuubuzi Abapotigo abaali bazze. Obutategeeragana buno we bwatuukira ku ntikko, Abapotigo baali bagezezzaako okukyusa mu nsonga z’omunda mu bwakabaka nga batandikawo obutale mu bwakabaka era nga bakyusa abantu okubayingiza Obukristaayo. Ekikolwa kino kyaleetawo obusungu mu Basiraamu AbaSwahili abaali babeera mu kibuga ekikulu, akavuyo kano kaawa Abapotigo ensonga gye baali banoonya okulumba obwakabaka era bagezeeko okufuga ebirombe by'abwo ebya zaabu n'enguudo awayitira amasanga. Obulumbaganyi buno bwagwa butaka Abapotigo bwe baalumbibwa endwadde nga bayita ku mugga Zambezi.<ref name="Mutapa">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1600 enkaayana ez'omunda n'olutalo lw'omunda byatandika okukendeera kwa Mutapa. Obwakabaka obwali bunafuye bwawangulwa Abapotigo era oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera bwatwalibwa amawanga ga Shona bwe baali bawalangana.[1] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] q04023ld4p4vq1m2qzu0nwrmkclojxt 58625 58624 2026-07-03T19:51:25Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 58625 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Amawanga ga Luba-Lunda oluvannyuma gaakendeera olw'okutunda abaddu mu Atlantic mu Bugwanjuba ne mu Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba ne mu ntalo n'ebibinja ebyali byawuddwa ku bwakabaka. Aba Chokwe, ekibinja ekirina oluganda olw'okumpi ne Luvale era ne kitondebwawo ng'eggwanga lya Lunda satellite, mu kusooka gaakosebwa olw'obwetaavu bwabaddu eri Abazungu, naye bwe baawukana ku bwakabaka, bo bennyini baafuuka batunzi ba baddu abamanyiddwa ennyo, nga batunda abaddu ku mbalama zombi. Abachokwe oluvannyuma baawangulwa amawanga amalala n'Abaportugali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azuonye |first=Chukwuma |date=15 December 1996 |title=Chokwe: (Angola, Zambia) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ejao3vG6nfsC&pg=PA11 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-1990-1 |language=en}}</ref> Obutali butebenkevu buno bwaviirako okugwa kw'obwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'abantu okusaasaanira mu bitundu bya Zambia eby'enjawulo okuva mu Democratic Republic of the Congo. Abazambia abasinga obungi balina obuzaale mu bwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'obwakabaka obulala obuli mu Masekkati ga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1200, ng’eggwanga lya Luba-Lunda terinnatandikibwawo, ekibinja ky’aba Bantu baatandika okusenguka okuva mu Congo Basin okudda ku Nnyanja Mweru ate oluvannyuma ne basenga okumpi n’ennyanja Malawi. Abasenze bano balowoozebwa okuba nga baali abamu ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky’e Upemba mu Democratic Republic of Congo. Mu myaka gya 1400, ebibinja by’abasenze bano awamu baayitibwanga Maravi, era nga mu bo mwalimu Abachewa abaatandika okukoppa ebibinja by’aba Bantu nga Tumbuka.<ref name="Team">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 1480 Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwatandikibwawo kalonga (omukulu w'obwakabaka bwa Maravi) okuva mu kika kya Phiri, kimu ku bika ebikulu, ng'ebirala mulimu Banda, Mwale ne Nkhoma. Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwali buva ku Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Enkulaakulana y'ebyobufuzi ey'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi yali efaanana ey'Obwakabaka bwa Luba era kigambibwa nti bwavaayo. Ekyamaguzi ekikulu eky'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi kyali amasanga, agaatundibwanga okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Ekyuma nakyo kyakolebwanga era ne kitundibwa mu nsi endala. Mu myaka gya 1590, Abapotigo baagezaako okweddiza eby'obusuubuzi n’okutunda Maravi mu nsi endala. Okugezaako kuno kwaleetawo obusungu mu Maravi ab’e Lundu, abaasumulula eggye lyabwe erya WaZimba. WaZimba baalumba ebibuga by’Abapotigo eby’obusuubuzi nga Tete, Sena n’ebibuga ebirala bingi.<ref name="thinkafrica.net">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Abamaravi nabo bateeberezebwa okuba nga baaleeta obulombolombo obwandifuuse ekibiina kya Nyau eky'ekyama okuva e Upemba. Aba Nyau be bakola ku nzikiriza oba eddiini y'obuwangwa ey'abantu b'omu Maravi. Ekibiina kya Nyau kirimu okuzina okw'obulombolombo n'obukookolo obukozesebwa mu kuzina; enzikiriza eno yasaasaana okwetooloola ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maptia |title=The Secret Cult of Nyau Dancers |url=https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108130415/https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-date=8 November 2020 |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=Maptia |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwakendeera olw'enkaayana ezikwata ku busika mu mukago, okulumbibwa Ngoni n'okulumba abaddu okuva mu Yao.<ref name="thinkafrica.net2">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa ne Mfecane''' Ng'Obwakabaka bwa Great Zimbabwe bwali bukendedde, omu ku balangira baabwo, Nyatsimba Mutota, yava mu ggwanga n'atandikawo obwakabaka obupya obuyitibwa Mutapa. Ekitiibwa kya Mwene Mutapa, ekitegeeza "Omulumbaganyi w'Ensi", kyamuweebwa era n'abafuzi abaddirira.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mwene Matapa {{!}} historical dynastic title, southern Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520141810/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |archive-date=20 May 2023 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwafuganga ekitundu ekiri wakati w’Omugga Zambezi n’Omugga Limpopo, mu kitundu ekiriwo kati ekiyitibwa Zambia, Zimbabwe ne Mozambique, okuva mu kyasa ekya 14 okutuusa mu kyasa ekya 17. Mu ntikko yaabwo, Mutapa yali awambye ekitundu kya Dande eky’Omugga Tonga ne Tavara. Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwasinganga kwetaba mu by’obusuubuzi okusomoka Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okutuuka mu mawanga ag’omu Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Okufaananako abantu abaaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu mu Maravi, Mutapa yalina obuzibu n’abasuubuzi Abapotigo abaali bazze. Obutategeeragana buno we bwatuukira ku ntikko, Abapotigo baali bagezezzaako okukyusa mu nsonga z’omunda mu bwakabaka nga batandikawo obutale mu bwakabaka era nga bakyusa abantu okubayingiza Obukristaayo. Ekikolwa kino kyaleetawo obusungu mu Basiraamu AbaSwahili abaali babeera mu kibuga ekikulu, akavuyo kano kaawa Abapotigo ensonga gye baali banoonya okulumba obwakabaka era bagezeeko okufuga ebirombe by'abwo ebya zaabu n'enguudo awayitira amasanga. Obulumbaganyi buno bwagwa butaka Abapotigo bwe baalumbibwa endwadde nga bayita ku mugga Zambezi.<ref name="Mutapa">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1600 enkaayana ez'omunda n'olutalo lw'omunda byatandika okukendeera kwa Mutapa. Obwakabaka obwali bunafuye bwawangulwa Abapotigo era oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera bwatwalibwa amawanga ga Shona bwe baali bawalangana.<ref name="Mutapa2">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] 3ky1u9kq25ckea7tjp1wiittmdsdw5o 58626 58625 2026-07-03T19:55:08Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ekiba 58626 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Amawanga ga Luba-Lunda oluvannyuma gaakendeera olw'okutunda abaddu mu Atlantic mu Bugwanjuba ne mu Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba ne mu ntalo n'ebibinja ebyali byawuddwa ku bwakabaka. Aba Chokwe, ekibinja ekirina oluganda olw'okumpi ne Luvale era ne kitondebwawo ng'eggwanga lya Lunda satellite, mu kusooka gaakosebwa olw'obwetaavu bwabaddu eri Abazungu, naye bwe baawukana ku bwakabaka, bo bennyini baafuuka batunzi ba baddu abamanyiddwa ennyo, nga batunda abaddu ku mbalama zombi. Abachokwe oluvannyuma baawangulwa amawanga amalala n'Abaportugali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azuonye |first=Chukwuma |date=15 December 1996 |title=Chokwe: (Angola, Zambia) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ejao3vG6nfsC&pg=PA11 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-1990-1 |language=en}}</ref> Obutali butebenkevu buno bwaviirako okugwa kw'obwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'abantu okusaasaanira mu bitundu bya Zambia eby'enjawulo okuva mu Democratic Republic of the Congo. Abazambia abasinga obungi balina obuzaale mu bwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'obwakabaka obulala obuli mu Masekkati ga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1200, ng’eggwanga lya Luba-Lunda terinnatandikibwawo, ekibinja ky’aba Bantu baatandika okusenguka okuva mu Congo Basin okudda ku Nnyanja Mweru ate oluvannyuma ne basenga okumpi n’ennyanja Malawi. Abasenze bano balowoozebwa okuba nga baali abamu ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky’e Upemba mu Democratic Republic of Congo. Mu myaka gya 1400, ebibinja by’abasenze bano awamu baayitibwanga Maravi, era nga mu bo mwalimu Abachewa abaatandika okukoppa ebibinja by’aba Bantu nga Tumbuka.<ref name="Team">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 1480 Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwatandikibwawo kalonga (omukulu w'obwakabaka bwa Maravi) okuva mu kika kya Phiri, kimu ku bika ebikulu, ng'ebirala mulimu Banda, Mwale ne Nkhoma. Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwali buva ku Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Enkulaakulana y'ebyobufuzi ey'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi yali efaanana ey'Obwakabaka bwa Luba era kigambibwa nti bwavaayo. Ekyamaguzi ekikulu eky'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi kyali amasanga, agaatundibwanga okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Ekyuma nakyo kyakolebwanga era ne kitundibwa mu nsi endala. Mu myaka gya 1590, Abapotigo baagezaako okweddiza eby'obusuubuzi n’okutunda Maravi mu nsi endala. Okugezaako kuno kwaleetawo obusungu mu Maravi ab’e Lundu, abaasumulula eggye lyabwe erya WaZimba. WaZimba baalumba ebibuga by’Abapotigo eby’obusuubuzi nga Tete, Sena n’ebibuga ebirala bingi.<ref name="thinkafrica.net">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Abamaravi nabo bateeberezebwa okuba nga baaleeta obulombolombo obwandifuuse ekibiina kya Nyau eky'ekyama okuva e Upemba. Aba Nyau be bakola ku nzikiriza oba eddiini y'obuwangwa ey'abantu b'omu Maravi. Ekibiina kya Nyau kirimu okuzina okw'obulombolombo n'obukookolo obukozesebwa mu kuzina; enzikiriza eno yasaasaana okwetooloola ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maptia |title=The Secret Cult of Nyau Dancers |url=https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108130415/https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-date=8 November 2020 |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=Maptia |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwakendeera olw'enkaayana ezikwata ku busika mu mukago, okulumbibwa Ngoni n'okulumba abaddu okuva mu Yao.<ref name="thinkafrica.net2">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa ne Mfecane''' Ng'Obwakabaka bwa Great Zimbabwe bwali bukendedde, omu ku balangira baabwo, Nyatsimba Mutota, yava mu ggwanga n'atandikawo obwakabaka obupya obuyitibwa Mutapa. Ekitiibwa kya Mwene Mutapa, ekitegeeza "Omulumbaganyi w'Ensi", kyamuweebwa era n'abafuzi abaddirira.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mwene Matapa {{!}} historical dynastic title, southern Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520141810/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |archive-date=20 May 2023 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwafuganga ekitundu ekiri wakati w’Omugga Zambezi n’Omugga Limpopo, mu kitundu ekiriwo kati ekiyitibwa Zambia, Zimbabwe ne Mozambique, okuva mu kyasa ekya 14 okutuusa mu kyasa ekya 17. Mu ntikko yaabwo, Mutapa yali awambye ekitundu kya Dande eky’Omugga Tonga ne Tavara. Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwasinganga kwetaba mu by’obusuubuzi okusomoka Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okutuuka mu mawanga ag’omu Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Okufaananako abantu abaaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu mu Maravi, Mutapa yalina obuzibu n’abasuubuzi Abapotigo abaali bazze. Obutategeeragana buno we bwatuukira ku ntikko, Abapotigo baali bagezezzaako okukyusa mu nsonga z’omunda mu bwakabaka nga batandikawo obutale mu bwakabaka era nga bakyusa abantu okubayingiza Obukristaayo. Ekikolwa kino kyaleetawo obusungu mu Basiraamu AbaSwahili abaali babeera mu kibuga ekikulu, akavuyo kano kaawa Abapotigo ensonga gye baali banoonya okulumba obwakabaka era bagezeeko okufuga ebirombe by'abwo ebya zaabu n'enguudo awayitira amasanga. Obulumbaganyi buno bwagwa butaka Abapotigo bwe baalumbibwa endwadde nga bayita ku mugga Zambezi.<ref name="Mutapa">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1600 enkaayana ez'omunda n'olutalo lw'omunda byatandika okukendeera kwa Mutapa. Obwakabaka obwali bunafuye bwawangulwa Abapotigo era oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera bwatwalibwa amawanga ga Shona bwe baali bawalangana.<ref name="Mutapa2">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Abapotigo nabo baalina ettaka ddene, eryali limanyiddwa nga Prazos, era baakozesanga abaddu n'abaali abaddu ng'abakuumi n'abayizzi. Baatendekanga abasajja mu bukodyo bw'amagye era ne babawa emmundu. Abasajja bano baafuuka abayizzi b'enjovu abakugu era baali bamanyiddwa nga ba Chikunda. Oluvannyuma lw'okukendeera kw'Abapotigo, Chikunda baasobola okwesolossa munda mu Zambia.[1] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] k59zo8huwhpr5qe2bywbdmvp9sxqi7v 58627 58626 2026-07-03T19:55:43Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 58627 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Amawanga ga Luba-Lunda oluvannyuma gaakendeera olw'okutunda abaddu mu Atlantic mu Bugwanjuba ne mu Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba ne mu ntalo n'ebibinja ebyali byawuddwa ku bwakabaka. Aba Chokwe, ekibinja ekirina oluganda olw'okumpi ne Luvale era ne kitondebwawo ng'eggwanga lya Lunda satellite, mu kusooka gaakosebwa olw'obwetaavu bwabaddu eri Abazungu, naye bwe baawukana ku bwakabaka, bo bennyini baafuuka batunzi ba baddu abamanyiddwa ennyo, nga batunda abaddu ku mbalama zombi. Abachokwe oluvannyuma baawangulwa amawanga amalala n'Abaportugali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azuonye |first=Chukwuma |date=15 December 1996 |title=Chokwe: (Angola, Zambia) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ejao3vG6nfsC&pg=PA11 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-1990-1 |language=en}}</ref> Obutali butebenkevu buno bwaviirako okugwa kw'obwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'abantu okusaasaanira mu bitundu bya Zambia eby'enjawulo okuva mu Democratic Republic of the Congo. Abazambia abasinga obungi balina obuzaale mu bwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'obwakabaka obulala obuli mu Masekkati ga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1200, ng’eggwanga lya Luba-Lunda terinnatandikibwawo, ekibinja ky’aba Bantu baatandika okusenguka okuva mu Congo Basin okudda ku Nnyanja Mweru ate oluvannyuma ne basenga okumpi n’ennyanja Malawi. Abasenze bano balowoozebwa okuba nga baali abamu ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky’e Upemba mu Democratic Republic of Congo. Mu myaka gya 1400, ebibinja by’abasenze bano awamu baayitibwanga Maravi, era nga mu bo mwalimu Abachewa abaatandika okukoppa ebibinja by’aba Bantu nga Tumbuka.<ref name="Team">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 1480 Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwatandikibwawo kalonga (omukulu w'obwakabaka bwa Maravi) okuva mu kika kya Phiri, kimu ku bika ebikulu, ng'ebirala mulimu Banda, Mwale ne Nkhoma. Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwali buva ku Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Enkulaakulana y'ebyobufuzi ey'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi yali efaanana ey'Obwakabaka bwa Luba era kigambibwa nti bwavaayo. Ekyamaguzi ekikulu eky'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi kyali amasanga, agaatundibwanga okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Ekyuma nakyo kyakolebwanga era ne kitundibwa mu nsi endala. Mu myaka gya 1590, Abapotigo baagezaako okweddiza eby'obusuubuzi n’okutunda Maravi mu nsi endala. Okugezaako kuno kwaleetawo obusungu mu Maravi ab’e Lundu, abaasumulula eggye lyabwe erya WaZimba. WaZimba baalumba ebibuga by’Abapotigo eby’obusuubuzi nga Tete, Sena n’ebibuga ebirala bingi.<ref name="thinkafrica.net">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Abamaravi nabo bateeberezebwa okuba nga baaleeta obulombolombo obwandifuuse ekibiina kya Nyau eky'ekyama okuva e Upemba. Aba Nyau be bakola ku nzikiriza oba eddiini y'obuwangwa ey'abantu b'omu Maravi. Ekibiina kya Nyau kirimu okuzina okw'obulombolombo n'obukookolo obukozesebwa mu kuzina; enzikiriza eno yasaasaana okwetooloola ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maptia |title=The Secret Cult of Nyau Dancers |url=https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108130415/https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-date=8 November 2020 |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=Maptia |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwakendeera olw'enkaayana ezikwata ku busika mu mukago, okulumbibwa Ngoni n'okulumba abaddu okuva mu Yao.<ref name="thinkafrica.net2">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa ne Mfecane''' Ng'Obwakabaka bwa Great Zimbabwe bwali bukendedde, omu ku balangira baabwo, Nyatsimba Mutota, yava mu ggwanga n'atandikawo obwakabaka obupya obuyitibwa Mutapa. Ekitiibwa kya Mwene Mutapa, ekitegeeza "Omulumbaganyi w'Ensi", kyamuweebwa era n'abafuzi abaddirira.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mwene Matapa {{!}} historical dynastic title, southern Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520141810/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |archive-date=20 May 2023 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwafuganga ekitundu ekiri wakati w’Omugga Zambezi n’Omugga Limpopo, mu kitundu ekiriwo kati ekiyitibwa Zambia, Zimbabwe ne Mozambique, okuva mu kyasa ekya 14 okutuusa mu kyasa ekya 17. Mu ntikko yaabwo, Mutapa yali awambye ekitundu kya Dande eky’Omugga Tonga ne Tavara. Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwasinganga kwetaba mu by’obusuubuzi okusomoka Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okutuuka mu mawanga ag’omu Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Okufaananako abantu abaaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu mu Maravi, Mutapa yalina obuzibu n’abasuubuzi Abapotigo abaali bazze. Obutategeeragana buno we bwatuukira ku ntikko, Abapotigo baali bagezezzaako okukyusa mu nsonga z’omunda mu bwakabaka nga batandikawo obutale mu bwakabaka era nga bakyusa abantu okubayingiza Obukristaayo. Ekikolwa kino kyaleetawo obusungu mu Basiraamu AbaSwahili abaali babeera mu kibuga ekikulu, akavuyo kano kaawa Abapotigo ensonga gye baali banoonya okulumba obwakabaka era bagezeeko okufuga ebirombe by'abwo ebya zaabu n'enguudo awayitira amasanga. Obulumbaganyi buno bwagwa butaka Abapotigo bwe baalumbibwa endwadde nga bayita ku mugga Zambezi.<ref name="Mutapa">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1600 enkaayana ez'omunda n'olutalo lw'omunda byatandika okukendeera kwa Mutapa. Obwakabaka obwali bunafuye bwawangulwa Abapotigo era oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera bwatwalibwa amawanga ga Shona bwe baali bawalangana.<ref name="Mutapa2">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Abapotigo nabo baalina ettaka ddene, eryali limanyiddwa nga Prazos, era baakozesanga abaddu n'abaali abaddu ng'abakuumi n'abayizzi. Baatendekanga abasajja mu bukodyo bw'amagye era ne babawa emmundu. Abasajja bano baafuuka abayizzi b'enjovu abakugu era baali bamanyiddwa nga ba Chikunda. Oluvannyuma lw'okukendeera kw'Abapotigo, Chikunda baasobola okwesolossa munda mu Zambia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2019 |title=Chikunda |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227184451/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |archive-date=27 February 2021 |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] ok1b4k9p60d4h8ldms7uqah5iffxifw 58629 58627 2026-07-03T19:58:32Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nterezezza mu mpandiika 58629 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Amawanga ga Luba-Lunda oluvannyuma gaakendeera olw'okutunda abaddu mu Atlantic mu Bugwanjuba ne mu Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba ne mu ntalo n'ebibinja ebyali byawuddwa ku bwakabaka. Aba Chokwe, ekibinja ekirina oluganda olw'okumpi ne Luvale era ne kitondebwawo ng'eggwanga lya Lunda satellite, mu kusooka gaakosebwa olw'obwetaavu bwabaddu eri Abazungu, naye bwe baawukana ku bwakabaka, bo bennyini baafuuka batunzi ba baddu abamanyiddwa ennyo, nga batunda abaddu ku mbalama zombi. Abachokwe oluvannyuma baawangulwa amawanga amalala n'Abaportugali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azuonye |first=Chukwuma |date=15 December 1996 |title=Chokwe: (Angola, Zambia) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ejao3vG6nfsC&pg=PA11 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-1990-1 |language=en}}</ref> Obutali butebenkevu buno bwaviirako okugwa kw'obwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'abantu okusaasaanira mu bitundu bya Zambia eby'enjawulo okuva mu Democratic Republic of the Congo. Abazambia abasinga obungi balina obuzaale mu bwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'obwakabaka obulala obuli mu Masekkati ga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1200, ng’eggwanga lya Luba-Lunda terinnatandikibwawo, ekibinja ky’aba Bantu baatandika okusenguka okuva mu Congo Basin okudda ku Nnyanja Mweru ate oluvannyuma ne basenga okumpi n’ennyanja Malawi. Abasenze bano balowoozebwa okuba nga baali abamu ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky’e Upemba mu Democratic Republic of Congo. Mu myaka gya 1400, ebibinja by’abasenze bano awamu baayitibwanga Maravi, era nga mu bo mwalimu Abachewa abaatandika okukoppa ebibinja by’aba Bantu nga Tumbuka.<ref name="Team">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 1480 Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwatandikibwawo kalonga (omukulu w'obwakabaka bwa Maravi) okuva mu kika kya Phiri, kimu ku bika ebikulu, ng'ebirala mulimu Banda, Mwale ne Nkhoma. Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwali buva ku Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Enkulaakulana y'ebyobufuzi ey'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi yali efaanana ey'Obwakabaka bwa Luba era kigambibwa nti bwavaayo. Ekyamaguzi ekikulu eky'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi kyali amasanga, agaatundibwanga okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Ekyuma nakyo kyakolebwanga era ne kitundibwa mu nsi endala. Mu myaka gya 1590, Abapotigo baagezaako okweddiza eby'obusuubuzi n’okutunda Maravi mu nsi endala. Okugezaako kuno kwaleetawo obusungu mu Maravi ab’e Lundu, abaasumulula eggye lyabwe erya WaZimba. WaZimba baalumba ebibuga by’Abapotigo eby’obusuubuzi nga Tete, Sena n’ebibuga ebirala bingi.<ref name="thinkafrica.net">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Abamaravi nabo bateeberezebwa okuba nga baaleeta obulombolombo obwandifuuse ekibiina kya Nyau eky'ekyama okuva e Upemba. Aba Nyau be bakola ku nzikiriza oba eddiini y'obuwangwa ey'abantu b'omu Maravi. Ekibiina kya Nyau kirimu okuzina okw'obulombolombo n'obukookolo obukozesebwa mu kuzina; enzikiriza eno yasaasaana okwetooloola ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maptia |title=The Secret Cult of Nyau Dancers |url=https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108130415/https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-date=8 November 2020 |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=Maptia |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwakendeera olw'enkaayana ezikwata ku busika mu mukago, okulumbibwa Ngoni n'okulumba abaddu okuva mu Yao.<ref name="thinkafrica.net2">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa ne Mfecane''' Ng'Obwakabaka bwa Great Zimbabwe bwali bukendedde, omu ku balangira baabwo, Nyatsimba Mutota, yava mu ggwanga n'atandikawo obwakabaka obupya obuyitibwa Mutapa. Ekitiibwa kya Mwene Mutapa, ekitegeeza "Omulumbaganyi w'Ensi", kyamuweebwa era n'abafuzi abaddirira.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mwene Matapa {{!}} historical dynastic title, southern Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520141810/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |archive-date=20 May 2023 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwafuganga ekitundu ekiri wakati w’Omugga Zambezi n’Omugga Limpopo, mu kitundu ekiriwo kati ekiyitibwa Zambia, Zimbabwe ne Mozambique, okuva mu kyasa ekya 14 okutuusa mu kyasa ekya 17. Mu ntikko yaabwo, Mutapa yali awambye ekitundu kya Dande eky’Omugga Tonga ne Tavara. Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwasinganga kwetaba mu by’obusuubuzi okusomoka Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okutuuka mu mawanga ag’omu Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Okufaananako abantu abaaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu mu Maravi, Mutapa yalina obuzibu n’abasuubuzi Abapotigo abaali bazze. Obutategeeragana buno we bwatuukira ku ntikko, Abapotigo baali bagezezzaako okukyusa mu nsonga z’omunda mu bwakabaka nga batandikawo obutale mu bwakabaka era nga bakyusa abantu okubayingiza Obukristaayo. Ekikolwa kino kyaleetawo obusungu mu Basiraamu AbaSwahili abaali babeera mu kibuga ekikulu, akavuyo kano kaawa Abapotigo ensonga gye baali banoonya okulumba obwakabaka era bagezeeko okufuga ebirombe by'abwo ebya zaabu n'enguudo awayitira amasanga. Obulumbaganyi buno bwagwa butaka Abapotigo bwe baalumbibwa endwadde nga bayita ku mugga Zambezi.<ref name="Mutapa">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1600 enkaayana ez'omunda n'olutalo lw'omunda byatandika okukendeera kwa Mutapa. Obwakabaka obwali bunafuye bwawangulwa Abapotigo era oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera bwatwalibwa amawanga ga Shona bwe baali bawalangana.<ref name="Mutapa2">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Abapotigo nabo baalina ettaka ddene, eryali limanyiddwa nga Prazos, era baakozesanga abaddu n'abaali abaddu ng'abakuumi n'abayizzi. Baatendekanga abasajja mu bukodyo bw'amagye era ne babawa emmundu. Abasajja bano baafuuka abayizzi b'enjovu abakugu era baali bamanyiddwa nga ba Chikunda. Oluvannyuma lw'okukendeera kw'Abapotigo, Chikunda baasobola okwesolossa munda mu Zambia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2019 |title=Chikunda |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227184451/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |archive-date=27 February 2021 |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Portugal okubeera mu kitundu ekyo kyali nsonga lwaki obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwatandikibwawo, eggwanga eryali lyetongodde ku Mutapa. Omukulembeze w'obwakabaka bwa Rozvi, Changamire Dombo, yafuuka omu ku bakulembeze abasingayo amaanyi mu byafaayo bya South-Central Africa. Wansi w'obukulembeze bwe, obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwawangula Abapotigo ne babaggya mu bifo mwe baali bakolera bizineesi ku mugga Zambezi.[1] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] qvj4mldbfr4qaioy6hu0ck7arq9ohdi 58630 58629 2026-07-03T19:59:03Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 58630 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Amawanga ga Luba-Lunda oluvannyuma gaakendeera olw'okutunda abaddu mu Atlantic mu Bugwanjuba ne mu Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba ne mu ntalo n'ebibinja ebyali byawuddwa ku bwakabaka. Aba Chokwe, ekibinja ekirina oluganda olw'okumpi ne Luvale era ne kitondebwawo ng'eggwanga lya Lunda satellite, mu kusooka gaakosebwa olw'obwetaavu bwabaddu eri Abazungu, naye bwe baawukana ku bwakabaka, bo bennyini baafuuka batunzi ba baddu abamanyiddwa ennyo, nga batunda abaddu ku mbalama zombi. Abachokwe oluvannyuma baawangulwa amawanga amalala n'Abaportugali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azuonye |first=Chukwuma |date=15 December 1996 |title=Chokwe: (Angola, Zambia) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ejao3vG6nfsC&pg=PA11 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-1990-1 |language=en}}</ref> Obutali butebenkevu buno bwaviirako okugwa kw'obwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'abantu okusaasaanira mu bitundu bya Zambia eby'enjawulo okuva mu Democratic Republic of the Congo. Abazambia abasinga obungi balina obuzaale mu bwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'obwakabaka obulala obuli mu Masekkati ga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1200, ng’eggwanga lya Luba-Lunda terinnatandikibwawo, ekibinja ky’aba Bantu baatandika okusenguka okuva mu Congo Basin okudda ku Nnyanja Mweru ate oluvannyuma ne basenga okumpi n’ennyanja Malawi. Abasenze bano balowoozebwa okuba nga baali abamu ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky’e Upemba mu Democratic Republic of Congo. Mu myaka gya 1400, ebibinja by’abasenze bano awamu baayitibwanga Maravi, era nga mu bo mwalimu Abachewa abaatandika okukoppa ebibinja by’aba Bantu nga Tumbuka.<ref name="Team">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 1480 Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwatandikibwawo kalonga (omukulu w'obwakabaka bwa Maravi) okuva mu kika kya Phiri, kimu ku bika ebikulu, ng'ebirala mulimu Banda, Mwale ne Nkhoma. Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwali buva ku Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Enkulaakulana y'ebyobufuzi ey'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi yali efaanana ey'Obwakabaka bwa Luba era kigambibwa nti bwavaayo. Ekyamaguzi ekikulu eky'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi kyali amasanga, agaatundibwanga okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Ekyuma nakyo kyakolebwanga era ne kitundibwa mu nsi endala. Mu myaka gya 1590, Abapotigo baagezaako okweddiza eby'obusuubuzi n’okutunda Maravi mu nsi endala. Okugezaako kuno kwaleetawo obusungu mu Maravi ab’e Lundu, abaasumulula eggye lyabwe erya WaZimba. WaZimba baalumba ebibuga by’Abapotigo eby’obusuubuzi nga Tete, Sena n’ebibuga ebirala bingi.<ref name="thinkafrica.net">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Abamaravi nabo bateeberezebwa okuba nga baaleeta obulombolombo obwandifuuse ekibiina kya Nyau eky'ekyama okuva e Upemba. Aba Nyau be bakola ku nzikiriza oba eddiini y'obuwangwa ey'abantu b'omu Maravi. Ekibiina kya Nyau kirimu okuzina okw'obulombolombo n'obukookolo obukozesebwa mu kuzina; enzikiriza eno yasaasaana okwetooloola ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maptia |title=The Secret Cult of Nyau Dancers |url=https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108130415/https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-date=8 November 2020 |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=Maptia |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwakendeera olw'enkaayana ezikwata ku busika mu mukago, okulumbibwa Ngoni n'okulumba abaddu okuva mu Yao.<ref name="thinkafrica.net2">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa ne Mfecane''' Ng'Obwakabaka bwa Great Zimbabwe bwali bukendedde, omu ku balangira baabwo, Nyatsimba Mutota, yava mu ggwanga n'atandikawo obwakabaka obupya obuyitibwa Mutapa. Ekitiibwa kya Mwene Mutapa, ekitegeeza "Omulumbaganyi w'Ensi", kyamuweebwa era n'abafuzi abaddirira.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mwene Matapa {{!}} historical dynastic title, southern Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520141810/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |archive-date=20 May 2023 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwafuganga ekitundu ekiri wakati w’Omugga Zambezi n’Omugga Limpopo, mu kitundu ekiriwo kati ekiyitibwa Zambia, Zimbabwe ne Mozambique, okuva mu kyasa ekya 14 okutuusa mu kyasa ekya 17. Mu ntikko yaabwo, Mutapa yali awambye ekitundu kya Dande eky’Omugga Tonga ne Tavara. Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwasinganga kwetaba mu by’obusuubuzi okusomoka Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okutuuka mu mawanga ag’omu Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Okufaananako abantu abaaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu mu Maravi, Mutapa yalina obuzibu n’abasuubuzi Abapotigo abaali bazze. Obutategeeragana buno we bwatuukira ku ntikko, Abapotigo baali bagezezzaako okukyusa mu nsonga z’omunda mu bwakabaka nga batandikawo obutale mu bwakabaka era nga bakyusa abantu okubayingiza Obukristaayo. Ekikolwa kino kyaleetawo obusungu mu Basiraamu AbaSwahili abaali babeera mu kibuga ekikulu, akavuyo kano kaawa Abapotigo ensonga gye baali banoonya okulumba obwakabaka era bagezeeko okufuga ebirombe by'abwo ebya zaabu n'enguudo awayitira amasanga. Obulumbaganyi buno bwagwa butaka Abapotigo bwe baalumbibwa endwadde nga bayita ku mugga Zambezi.<ref name="Mutapa">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1600 enkaayana ez'omunda n'olutalo lw'omunda byatandika okukendeera kwa Mutapa. Obwakabaka obwali bunafuye bwawangulwa Abapotigo era oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera bwatwalibwa amawanga ga Shona bwe baali bawalangana.<ref name="Mutapa2">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Abapotigo nabo baalina ettaka ddene, eryali limanyiddwa nga Prazos, era baakozesanga abaddu n'abaali abaddu ng'abakuumi n'abayizzi. Baatendekanga abasajja mu bukodyo bw'amagye era ne babawa emmundu. Abasajja bano baafuuka abayizzi b'enjovu abakugu era baali bamanyiddwa nga ba Chikunda. Oluvannyuma lw'okukendeera kw'Abapotigo, Chikunda baasobola okwesolossa munda mu Zambia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2019 |title=Chikunda |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227184451/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |archive-date=27 February 2021 |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Portugal okubeera mu kitundu ekyo kyali nsonga lwaki obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwatandikibwawo, eggwanga eryali lyetongodde ku Mutapa. Omukulembeze w'obwakabaka bwa Rozvi, Changamire Dombo, yafuuka omu ku bakulembeze abasingayo amaanyi mu byafaayo bya South-Central Africa. Wansi w'obukulembeze bwe, obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwawangula Abapotigo ne babaggya mu bifo mwe baali bakolera bizineesi ku mugga Zambezi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rozwi {{!}} historical state, Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125203243/https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |archive-date=25 January 2021 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] tssabbik24m22bc7dn5hxmz29dvb1by Barbara Kaija 0 7469 58713 53946 2026-07-04T03:16:23Z Ssemmanda will 3837 removed [[Category:Ugandan journalists]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 58713 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Barbara Kaija''' (yazaalibwa mu 1964) era Munnamawulire akolera mu Uganda ate ng’er munnabyanjigiriza akola nga Ssaabasunsuzi mu (Group Editor-in-Chief) mu kitongole kya Vision Group ekifulumya empapula z’amawulire omwo nga mw’otwalidde n’olupapula lw’Olungereza olufuluma buli lunaku, New Vision.<ref>{{cite web|date=206|last=NVG|url=https://visiongroup.co.ug/senior-management/|title=New Vision Group: Senior Management|accessdate=4 November 2017|location=Kampala|publisher=[[New Vision Group]] (NVG)|archive-date=4 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180904212631/http://visiongroup.co.ug/senior-management/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ebimukwatako n’obuyigirize == Yasomera mu  [[Makerere University]], era ng’eno ye Ssettendekero esinga obukulu mu Yuganda yonna. Ddiguli ye esooka yagifuna mu Busomesa (Bachelor of Arts with Education). Yeeyongera n’asoma ddiguli eyookubiri era byenjigiriza (Master of Arts in Education) era nga nayo yagifunira mu Ssettendero y’e Makerere. Oluvannyuma yagenda mu e South Afrika mu Rhodes University, mu kibuga kya Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, n’asoma ddiguli eyookubiri mu by’amawulire. Omukyala ono era alina ne Ddipuloma mu By’amawulire ( Postgraduate Diploma in Practical Journalism) gye yafunira mu Cardiff, Wales e Bungereza era ng’eno okugifuna yaweererwa ekitongole kya Thomson Foundation.<ref>{{cite web|date=206|last=NVG|url=https://visiongroup.co.ug/senior-management/|title=New Vision Group: Senior Management|accessdate=4 November 2017|location=Kampala|publisher=[[New Vision Group]] (NVG)|archive-date=4 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180904212631/http://visiongroup.co.ug/senior-management/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Akoledde mu kitongole kya Vision Group okumala emyaka egisukka mu 25. Mu 1992, yaweebwa omulimu ng’atendekebwa okufuuka omumyuka w’omusunsuzi. Ebbanga bwe lyagenda liyitawo yagenda ayongerwako obuvunaanyizibwa era n’asuumuusibwa n’atuuka ku ddaala ly’Omumyuka w’Omusunsuzi akola ku Features (Deputy Features Editor). Oluvannyuma yafuuka Omusunsuzi omukulu (Features Editor) era n’aweerereza mu kifo ekyo okumala emyaka 10. Mu 2006 yalondebwa okumyuka Ssaabasunsuzi (Editor-in-chief) ate mu 2010 n’asuumusibwa n’atuuka ku ddaala lya Ssaabasunsuzi (Editor-in-chief). Mu kiseera kino avunaanyizibwa okulondoola omutindo bannamawulire ku bwekolera emirimu gyabwe mu mikutu egy’enjawulo (empapula, leediyo, ttivi, yintaneti wamu n’emikutu egigatta-abantu – social media) mu kitongole kya Vision Group. Bwe yaweebwa obukulu bwa Ssaabasunsuzi mu 2010 yafuuka omukyala omusaale okutwala ekifo ky’Obwassaabasunsuzi mu lupapula olunene ng’olwo mu Uganda.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/688334-1120990-ap66lmz/index.html|title=Today’s Uganda top fifty women movers|date=8 March 2011|location=Kampala|newspaper=[[Daily Monitor]]|accessdate=4 November 2017|author=Monitor Staff}}</ref> == Ebikwata ku bulamu bwe == Barbara Kaija mukyala mufumbo ate nga Mukristaayo omulokole era okukkiriza kwe kwe kwe kumuyamba okutambuza obulamu bwe. == Ebirala == Barbara Kaija ayagala nnyo ebyamawulire ate ng’era ayagala nnyo okuyigiriza abalala. Okusinga ennyo yettanidde nnyo ekisaawe ky’obunnamawulire ekiyitibwa era ng’ayambye Bannayuganda bangi mu kukulaakulanira mu bunnamawulire ng’abalungamya mu bye bakola. Mu 2012 yaweebwa ekitiibwa kya "[[National Jubilee Award]]", olw’okusiima emirimu gye gy’akoze.<sup>[2]</sup> Ate mu Gwokusatu 2011, olupapula lw’Amawulire olwa Daily Monitor, olumu ku makampuni ga [[Aga Khan]]-agagwa mu Kitongole kya Nation Media Group, baamwogerako ng’omu ku byakyala 50 mu Yuganda enjasabiggu mu byenkulaakulana "''Today’s Uganda Top Fifty Women Movers''".<sup>[3]</sup> == Laba ne == * [[List of newspapers in Uganda]] * [[Media in Uganda]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == External links == * [https://visiongroup.co.ug/ Website of Vision Group] * [https://www.newvision.co.ug/ Website of the New Vision Newspaper] * [https://acme-ug.org/2016/10/06/we-need-independent-media-regulation-vision-group-editor-in-chief/ We need independent media regulation – Vision Group Editor-in-Chief] Retrieved 6 October 2016. {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kaija, Barbara}} [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:People from Western Region, Uganda]] [[Category:Makerere University alumni]] [[Category:Ugandan women journalists]] [[Category:Rhodes University alumni]] [[Category:1976 births]] m5nepodbmpp1s003oxp6zvxpohvsdl7 58715 58713 2026-07-04T03:19:36Z Ssemmanda will 3837 Added a category 58715 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Barbara Kaija''' (yazaalibwa mu 1964) era Munnamawulire akolera mu Uganda ate ng’er munnabyanjigiriza akola nga Ssaabasunsuzi mu (Group Editor-in-Chief) mu kitongole kya Vision Group ekifulumya empapula z’amawulire omwo nga mw’otwalidde n’olupapula lw’Olungereza olufuluma buli lunaku, New Vision.<ref>{{cite web|date=206|last=NVG|url=https://visiongroup.co.ug/senior-management/|title=New Vision Group: Senior Management|accessdate=4 November 2017|location=Kampala|publisher=[[New Vision Group]] (NVG)|archive-date=4 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180904212631/http://visiongroup.co.ug/senior-management/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ebimukwatako n’obuyigirize == Yasomera mu  [[Makerere University]], era ng’eno ye Ssettendekero esinga obukulu mu Yuganda yonna. Ddiguli ye esooka yagifuna mu Busomesa (Bachelor of Arts with Education). Yeeyongera n’asoma ddiguli eyookubiri era byenjigiriza (Master of Arts in Education) era nga nayo yagifunira mu Ssettendero y’e Makerere. Oluvannyuma yagenda mu e South Afrika mu Rhodes University, mu kibuga kya Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, n’asoma ddiguli eyookubiri mu by’amawulire. Omukyala ono era alina ne Ddipuloma mu By’amawulire ( Postgraduate Diploma in Practical Journalism) gye yafunira mu Cardiff, Wales e Bungereza era ng’eno okugifuna yaweererwa ekitongole kya Thomson Foundation.<ref>{{cite web|date=206|last=NVG|url=https://visiongroup.co.ug/senior-management/|title=New Vision Group: Senior Management|accessdate=4 November 2017|location=Kampala|publisher=[[New Vision Group]] (NVG)|archive-date=4 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180904212631/http://visiongroup.co.ug/senior-management/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Akoledde mu kitongole kya Vision Group okumala emyaka egisukka mu 25. Mu 1992, yaweebwa omulimu ng’atendekebwa okufuuka omumyuka w’omusunsuzi. Ebbanga bwe lyagenda liyitawo yagenda ayongerwako obuvunaanyizibwa era n’asuumuusibwa n’atuuka ku ddaala ly’Omumyuka w’Omusunsuzi akola ku Features (Deputy Features Editor). Oluvannyuma yafuuka Omusunsuzi omukulu (Features Editor) era n’aweerereza mu kifo ekyo okumala emyaka 10. Mu 2006 yalondebwa okumyuka Ssaabasunsuzi (Editor-in-chief) ate mu 2010 n’asuumusibwa n’atuuka ku ddaala lya Ssaabasunsuzi (Editor-in-chief). Mu kiseera kino avunaanyizibwa okulondoola omutindo bannamawulire ku bwekolera emirimu gyabwe mu mikutu egy’enjawulo (empapula, leediyo, ttivi, yintaneti wamu n’emikutu egigatta-abantu – social media) mu kitongole kya Vision Group. Bwe yaweebwa obukulu bwa Ssaabasunsuzi mu 2010 yafuuka omukyala omusaale okutwala ekifo ky’Obwassaabasunsuzi mu lupapula olunene ng’olwo mu Uganda.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/688334-1120990-ap66lmz/index.html|title=Today’s Uganda top fifty women movers|date=8 March 2011|location=Kampala|newspaper=[[Daily Monitor]]|accessdate=4 November 2017|author=Monitor Staff}}</ref> == Ebikwata ku bulamu bwe == Barbara Kaija mukyala mufumbo ate nga Mukristaayo omulokole era okukkiriza kwe kwe kwe kumuyamba okutambuza obulamu bwe. == Ebirala == Barbara Kaija ayagala nnyo ebyamawulire ate ng’era ayagala nnyo okuyigiriza abalala. Okusinga ennyo yettanidde nnyo ekisaawe ky’obunnamawulire ekiyitibwa era ng’ayambye Bannayuganda bangi mu kukulaakulanira mu bunnamawulire ng’abalungamya mu bye bakola. Mu 2012 yaweebwa ekitiibwa kya "[[National Jubilee Award]]", olw’okusiima emirimu gye gy’akoze.<sup>[2]</sup> Ate mu Gwokusatu 2011, olupapula lw’Amawulire olwa Daily Monitor, olumu ku makampuni ga [[Aga Khan]]-agagwa mu Kitongole kya Nation Media Group, baamwogerako ng’omu ku byakyala 50 mu Yuganda enjasabiggu mu byenkulaakulana "''Today’s Uganda Top Fifty Women Movers''".<sup>[3]</sup> == Laba ne == * [[List of newspapers in Uganda]] * [[Media in Uganda]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == External links == * [https://visiongroup.co.ug/ Website of Vision Group] * [https://www.newvision.co.ug/ Website of the New Vision Newspaper] * [https://acme-ug.org/2016/10/06/we-need-independent-media-regulation-vision-group-editor-in-chief/ We need independent media regulation – Vision Group Editor-in-Chief] Retrieved 6 October 2016. {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kaija, Barbara}} [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Makerere University alumni]] [[Category:Rhodes University alumni]] [[Category:Bannamawulire mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1976]] [[Category:Abantu abasibuka mu Bugwanjuba bwa Uganda]] [[Category:Bannamawulire abakyala mu Uganda]] 913754icd1l09oatzm0d3mbz39a77pr Amalagala 0 7923 58557 32783 2026-07-03T14:57:51Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Nterezezza empandiika 58557 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Pertanian Masyarakat Papua.jpg|thumb|Amalagala]] Amalagala ga [[Lumonde mmer|lumonde]] biba bikoola okuba n'obuti omulimi by'asonseka mu kikata kya lumonde. Ku buti obuba busonsekeddwa mu kikata ebikoola ne bisigala wabweru w'ekikata kwe kumera emirandira egigenda nga gikulira mu kikata okutuusa lwe gifuuka lumonde. Okusonseka amalagala ga lumonde mu kikata bakuyita okubyala mu Luganda. Amalagala ga lumonde no gavaamu n'enjogera egamba nti "akootakoota mu ga lumonde". Ng'amakulu amakusike agali mu njogera eyo gali nti omuntu akola ekintu ky'ataayinze kutuukira oba kufunamu kalungi konna aba amala biseera bye okufaananako ng'omuntu amala ebiseera okugezaako okukootakoota, kwe kugamba okwekweka mu malagala ga lumonde mbu abamunoonya baleme okumulaba. 7ewotvdfn2rs7szx2e5jrjdaswbvy08 Azawi 0 8195 58659 57925 2026-07-03T20:56:00Z 24RAY 11014 ngasseeko ebijuliziddwa 58659 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Priscilla Zawedde''' (yazaalibwa 2 Ogwokubiri 1996) amanyiddwa ennyo nga Azawi nga ly'erinnya ly'akozesa ku siteegi ng'ayimba. Azawi Munnayuganda omuyimbi, omuwandiisi w'ennyimba era omuzinyi ng'ayimbira mu kampuni ya Swangz Avenue eyamuwandiika mu 2019.<ref>Ray, Lee (2019-12-31). [https://www.routineblast.com/brand-new-swangz-avenue-set-date-to-release-new-signing-azawis-song/ "BRAND NEW: Swangz Avenue Set Date To Release New Signing, Azawi's Song"]. ''Routine Blast : Gossip, Showbiz, Breaking News in Uganda''. Retrieved 2023-02-19.</ref> Ayimba ennyimba ez'ekika kya Afrobeats mu Luganda n'Oluzungu. Ye Munnayuganda omuyimbi omukazi eyasooka okulabikira ku ntimbe okuli New York "Times Square" ne Los Angelos ezirabikirako abantu abatutumufu. == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Priscilla Zawedde yazaalibwa nga 2 Ogwokubiri 1996 mu Kampala. Bazadde be ye mugenzi Walusimbi Samuel ne Nakamatte Mary. Yagenda ku Buganda road primary mu kusoma kwe okwasooka oluvanyuma ne yegatta ku Mother Kevin Primary School mu disitulikiti y'e Mukono gye yamalira Pulayimale (P.7). Yegatta ku St Henry’s college e Ggangu Masajja, Lubiri secondary school, London college eNansana, St Janani Luwum secondary school gye yamalira Siniya ey'omukaaga (S.6), gye yava ne yeyongerayo e [[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|Makerere University]] gye yafunira diguli mu by'obusuubuzi. == Omulimu gwe == === Emirimu egyasooka === Emirimu gya Azawi yagitandika mu 2005&nbsp;ng'omuzinyi mu kibiina ekiyitibwa Kika dance Group. Baakola omulimu guno nga guluupu mu bifo ebiwerako. Emyaka ena egyaddirira, yayingira ekibiina ekirala ekiyitibwa Crane Performers nga bino byonna yabikola akyali mu ssomero. Oluvanyuma lw'okukizuula nti yali takola bulungi mu ssomero, ebyokuzina yasooka n'abiwummuza. Wabula mu kiseera ekyo yagenda e China enfunda bbiri nga bagenze okuzannya n'ekibiina kye. === Omulimu gw'okuyimba === Mu 2011, yatandika okuwandiika ennyimba, mu kusooka yakikolanga mu ngeri ya kinyumu, bwe yali tanakizuula nti asobola okukolamu ssente. Kitaawe yafa mu 2012, n'asigaza obuvunanyizibwa obw'okulabirira maamma we ne baganda be babiri, ekyamuleetera okukola omulimu gw'okuwandiika ennyimba n'ekigendererwa eky'okufunamu ssente.<ref name=":2" /> Ku myaka gye emito, Azawi yatandika okuwandiika ennyimba era obukugu bwe mu kuwandiika ennyimba kwamuleetera okusisinkana Omuyimbi Eddy Kenzo eyammuyamba okumugatta ku bayimbi abalala. Awandiikiddeko abayimbi nga Nina Rose, Lydia Jazmine, Carol Nantongo, Vinka, ne Eddy Kenzo. Azawi oluvanyuma yegatta ku bbandi emu ey'abayimbi mu 2015, era nga bwakola ogw'okuweereza mu kirabo ky'emmere ekyali kyakatandikibwawo Maama we. Bwe yava ku mulimu gw'okuweereza mu kirabo ky'emmere, yawandiika oluyimba "Quinamino" n'ekigendererwa eky'okulutunda, wabula bwe yalutwala mu Swangz Avenue omulundi gwe ogusooka, mu August 2019, ate gye yafunira omukisa okwegatta ku Kampuni eno ng'omuyimbi. Okuvaayo n'ategeerekeka obulungi mu bantu, kwaliwo mu January 2020 oluvanyumma lw'okufulumya oluyimba oluyitibwa Quinamino. Mu November 2020, abakulira, Swangz Avenue baamuwandiika era ne bamwanjulira abantu mu butongole nga yakafulumya oluyimba lumu mu January 2020. Mu kiseera kino akyali wansi wa Swangz Avenue n'ennyimba ezisoba mu 20. == Ennyimba ze == === Entambi z'ennyimba ze === * Lo Fit (2020) * African Music (2021) === Ezitafulumidde ku ntambi === # Gimme # Craving you heavy # Bamututte # Thankful ft Benon # Majje ft Fik Fameica, # Slow dancing # Face Me ft A Pass # Fwa Fwa Fwa # Ku Kido, # My Year # Tubatiisa # Party Mood # Nkuchekele ft Eddy Kenzo, # Love you is easy, # African Music # Ache for you. # Quinamino # Repeat it # Lo Fit # Crazy lover # Toast to 75 # Mbinyumirwa # Envision # Craving You Heavy Remix ft. Chike == Engule n'okusiimibwa == * Yawangula engule y'omuyimbi w'omwaka omukazi eya Janzi awards 2021 * Yawangula engule y'olutambi lw'omwaka olwasinga eya – ''African Music'' Janzi awards 2021 * Yawangula engule ya Afro Beat/Pop Artist Janzi awards 2021 * Engule y'omuyimbi w'omwaka eya Buzz Teeniez awards 2021<ref name=":3" /> * Engule y'omuyimbi omukazi asinze mu mwaka eya Buzz Teeniez awards 2021 * Engule y'omuwandiisi w'ennyimba asinze eya Teenz Hottest Songwriter Buzz Teeniez awards 2021 * Engule y'oluyimba olusinze mu mwaka eya Teenz Hottest Song of the year – ''‘Slow Dancing’'' Buzz Teeniez awards 2021<ref name=":3" /> * Yawangula eya vidiyo esinze eya Teenz Flyest video – ''‘Slow Dancing’ '' Buzz Teeniez awards 2021<ref name=":3" /> * Engule y'omuyimbi omukazi asinze mu mwaka eya Zzina Awards 2021/22 * Yawangula ey'omuwandiisi w'ennyimba asinze mu mwaka eya Best Song Writer of the year Zzina Awards 2021/22<ref name=":6" /> * Yawangula ey'oluyimba olwasinga okukwata ku mitima gy'abantu eya Best Inspirational Song – Majje ft Fik Fameica Zzina Awards 2021/22<ref name=":6" /> == Ebirala byakoze ne byatuseeko mu bulamu == Azawi kati akola nga omutumbuzi w'omwenge gwa Guinness, nga kino akikola n'omuyimbi Omunigeria Fireboy DML. Kino era kyeyolekera mu vidiyo ye ey'oluyimba MAJJE lwe yakola n'omuyimbi Fik Fameica. Azawi mu 2021 yalabikira ku ntimbe gaggadde okubeera abantu ab'ettuttumu okuli olwa New York ne Los Angelos "Times Square", n'afuuka omukazi munnayuganda eyasooka okulabikirako era Munnayuganda ow'okusatu oluvanyuma lwa Eddy Kenzo ne Bobi Wine. == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Category:Abayimbi]] 0wgpveswuv4a2vhx416rssx8bowlj7t 58660 58659 2026-07-03T20:58:24Z 24RAY 11014 ngasseeko ebijuliziddwa 58660 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Priscilla Zawedde''' (yazaalibwa 2 Ogwokubiri 1996) amanyiddwa ennyo nga Azawi nga ly'erinnya ly'akozesa ku siteegi ng'ayimba. Azawi Munnayuganda omuyimbi, omuwandiisi w'ennyimba era omuzinyi ng'ayimbira mu kampuni ya Swangz Avenue eyamuwandiika mu 2019.<ref>Ray, Lee (2019-12-31). [https://www.routineblast.com/brand-new-swangz-avenue-set-date-to-release-new-signing-azawis-song/ "BRAND NEW: Swangz Avenue Set Date To Release New Signing, Azawi's Song"]. ''Routine Blast : Gossip, Showbiz, Breaking News in Uganda''. Retrieved 2023-02-19.</ref> Ayimba ennyimba ez'ekika kya Afrobeats<ref>Bm, B. (2021-10-11). [https://www.galaxyfm.co.ug/2021/10/11/african-music-by-azawi-is-the-album-of-the-year/ "African Music by Azawi is the Album of the year!"]. ''Galaxy FM 100.2''. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref> mu Luganda n'Oluzungu. Ye Munnayuganda omuyimbi omukazi eyasooka okulabikira ku ntimbe okuli New York "Times Square" ne Los Angelos ezirabikirako abantu abatutumufu. == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Priscilla Zawedde yazaalibwa nga 2 Ogwokubiri 1996 mu Kampala. Bazadde be ye mugenzi Walusimbi Samuel ne Nakamatte Mary. Yagenda ku Buganda road primary mu kusoma kwe okwasooka oluvanyuma ne yegatta ku Mother Kevin Primary School mu disitulikiti y'e Mukono gye yamalira Pulayimale (P.7). Yegatta ku St Henry’s college e Ggangu Masajja, Lubiri secondary school, London college eNansana, St Janani Luwum secondary school gye yamalira Siniya ey'omukaaga (S.6), gye yava ne yeyongerayo e [[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|Makerere University]] gye yafunira diguli mu by'obusuubuzi. == Omulimu gwe == === Emirimu egyasooka === Emirimu gya Azawi yagitandika mu 2005&nbsp;ng'omuzinyi mu kibiina ekiyitibwa Kika dance Group. Baakola omulimu guno nga guluupu mu bifo ebiwerako. Emyaka ena egyaddirira, yayingira ekibiina ekirala ekiyitibwa Crane Performers nga bino byonna yabikola akyali mu ssomero. Oluvanyuma lw'okukizuula nti yali takola bulungi mu ssomero, ebyokuzina yasooka n'abiwummuza. Wabula mu kiseera ekyo yagenda e China enfunda bbiri nga bagenze okuzannya n'ekibiina kye. === Omulimu gw'okuyimba === Mu 2011, yatandika okuwandiika ennyimba, mu kusooka yakikolanga mu ngeri ya kinyumu, bwe yali tanakizuula nti asobola okukolamu ssente. Kitaawe yafa mu 2012, n'asigaza obuvunanyizibwa obw'okulabirira maamma we ne baganda be babiri, ekyamuleetera okukola omulimu gw'okuwandiika ennyimba n'ekigendererwa eky'okufunamu ssente.<ref name=":2" /> Ku myaka gye emito, Azawi yatandika okuwandiika ennyimba era obukugu bwe mu kuwandiika ennyimba kwamuleetera okusisinkana Omuyimbi Eddy Kenzo eyammuyamba okumugatta ku bayimbi abalala. Awandiikiddeko abayimbi nga Nina Rose, Lydia Jazmine, Carol Nantongo, Vinka, ne Eddy Kenzo. Azawi oluvanyuma yegatta ku bbandi emu ey'abayimbi mu 2015, era nga bwakola ogw'okuweereza mu kirabo ky'emmere ekyali kyakatandikibwawo Maama we. Bwe yava ku mulimu gw'okuweereza mu kirabo ky'emmere, yawandiika oluyimba "Quinamino" n'ekigendererwa eky'okulutunda, wabula bwe yalutwala mu Swangz Avenue omulundi gwe ogusooka, mu August 2019, ate gye yafunira omukisa okwegatta ku Kampuni eno ng'omuyimbi. Okuvaayo n'ategeerekeka obulungi mu bantu, kwaliwo mu January 2020 oluvanyumma lw'okufulumya oluyimba oluyitibwa Quinamino. Mu November 2020, abakulira, Swangz Avenue baamuwandiika era ne bamwanjulira abantu mu butongole nga yakafulumya oluyimba lumu mu January 2020. Mu kiseera kino akyali wansi wa Swangz Avenue n'ennyimba ezisoba mu 20. == Ennyimba ze == === Entambi z'ennyimba ze === * Lo Fit (2020) * African Music (2021) === Ezitafulumidde ku ntambi === # Gimme # Craving you heavy # Bamututte # Thankful ft Benon # Majje ft Fik Fameica, # Slow dancing # Face Me ft A Pass # Fwa Fwa Fwa # Ku Kido, # My Year # Tubatiisa # Party Mood # Nkuchekele ft Eddy Kenzo, # Love you is easy, # African Music # Ache for you. # Quinamino # Repeat it # Lo Fit # Crazy lover # Toast to 75 # Mbinyumirwa # Envision # Craving You Heavy Remix ft. Chike == Engule n'okusiimibwa == * Yawangula engule y'omuyimbi w'omwaka omukazi eya Janzi awards 2021 * Yawangula engule y'olutambi lw'omwaka olwasinga eya – ''African Music'' Janzi awards 2021 * Yawangula engule ya Afro Beat/Pop Artist Janzi awards 2021 * Engule y'omuyimbi w'omwaka eya Buzz Teeniez awards 2021<ref name=":3" /> * Engule y'omuyimbi omukazi asinze mu mwaka eya Buzz Teeniez awards 2021 * Engule y'omuwandiisi w'ennyimba asinze eya Teenz Hottest Songwriter Buzz Teeniez awards 2021 * Engule y'oluyimba olusinze mu mwaka eya Teenz Hottest Song of the year – ''‘Slow Dancing’'' Buzz Teeniez awards 2021<ref name=":3" /> * Yawangula eya vidiyo esinze eya Teenz Flyest video – ''‘Slow Dancing’ '' Buzz Teeniez awards 2021<ref name=":3" /> * Engule y'omuyimbi omukazi asinze mu mwaka eya Zzina Awards 2021/22 * Yawangula ey'omuwandiisi w'ennyimba asinze mu mwaka eya Best Song Writer of the year Zzina Awards 2021/22<ref name=":6" /> * Yawangula ey'oluyimba olwasinga okukwata ku mitima gy'abantu eya Best Inspirational Song – Majje ft Fik Fameica Zzina Awards 2021/22<ref name=":6" /> == Ebirala byakoze ne byatuseeko mu bulamu == Azawi kati akola nga omutumbuzi w'omwenge gwa Guinness, nga kino akikola n'omuyimbi Omunigeria Fireboy DML. Kino era kyeyolekera mu vidiyo ye ey'oluyimba MAJJE lwe yakola n'omuyimbi Fik Fameica. Azawi mu 2021 yalabikira ku ntimbe gaggadde okubeera abantu ab'ettuttumu okuli olwa New York ne Los Angelos "Times Square", n'afuuka omukazi munnayuganda eyasooka okulabikirako era Munnayuganda ow'okusatu oluvanyuma lwa Eddy Kenzo ne Bobi Wine. == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Category:Abayimbi]] kdbu1311bmxn9i0am7dsl1qapj0k8a9 58661 58660 2026-07-03T21:00:29Z 24RAY 11014 ngasseeko ebijuliziddwa 58661 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Priscilla Zawedde''' (yazaalibwa 2 Ogwokubiri 1996) amanyiddwa ennyo nga Azawi nga ly'erinnya ly'akozesa ku siteegi ng'ayimba. Azawi Munnayuganda omuyimbi, omuwandiisi w'ennyimba era omuzinyi ng'ayimbira mu kampuni ya Swangz Avenue eyamuwandiika mu 2019.<ref>Ray, Lee (2019-12-31). [https://www.routineblast.com/brand-new-swangz-avenue-set-date-to-release-new-signing-azawis-song/ "BRAND NEW: Swangz Avenue Set Date To Release New Signing, Azawi's Song"]. ''Routine Blast : Gossip, Showbiz, Breaking News in Uganda''. Retrieved 2023-02-19.</ref> Ayimba ennyimba ez'ekika kya Afrobeats<ref>Bm, B. (2021-10-11). [https://www.galaxyfm.co.ug/2021/10/11/african-music-by-azawi-is-the-album-of-the-year/ "African Music by Azawi is the Album of the year!"]. ''Galaxy FM 100.2''. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref> mu Luganda n'Oluzungu. Ye Munnayuganda omuyimbi omukazi eyasooka okulabikira ku ntimbe okuli New York "Times Square" ne Los Angelos ezirabikirako abantu abatutumufu.<ref>[http://nilepost.co.ug/2021/10/23/azawi-shines-brightest-on-billboards-in-new-york-and-london/ "Azawi shines brightest on billboards in New York and London]". ''Nile Post''. 2021-10-23. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Priscilla Zawedde yazaalibwa nga 2 Ogwokubiri 1996 mu Kampala. Bazadde be ye mugenzi Walusimbi Samuel ne Nakamatte Mary. Yagenda ku Buganda road primary mu kusoma kwe okwasooka oluvanyuma ne yegatta ku Mother Kevin Primary School mu disitulikiti y'e Mukono gye yamalira Pulayimale (P.7). Yegatta ku St Henry’s college e Ggangu Masajja, Lubiri secondary school, London college eNansana, St Janani Luwum secondary school gye yamalira Siniya ey'omukaaga (S.6), gye yava ne yeyongerayo e [[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|Makerere University]] gye yafunira diguli mu by'obusuubuzi. == Omulimu gwe == === Emirimu egyasooka === Emirimu gya Azawi yagitandika mu 2005&nbsp;ng'omuzinyi mu kibiina ekiyitibwa Kika dance Group. Baakola omulimu guno nga guluupu mu bifo ebiwerako. Emyaka ena egyaddirira, yayingira ekibiina ekirala ekiyitibwa Crane Performers nga bino byonna yabikola akyali mu ssomero. Oluvanyuma lw'okukizuula nti yali takola bulungi mu ssomero, ebyokuzina yasooka n'abiwummuza. Wabula mu kiseera ekyo yagenda e China enfunda bbiri nga bagenze okuzannya n'ekibiina kye. === Omulimu gw'okuyimba === Mu 2011, yatandika okuwandiika ennyimba, mu kusooka yakikolanga mu ngeri ya kinyumu, bwe yali tanakizuula nti asobola okukolamu ssente. Kitaawe yafa mu 2012, n'asigaza obuvunanyizibwa obw'okulabirira maamma we ne baganda be babiri, ekyamuleetera okukola omulimu gw'okuwandiika ennyimba n'ekigendererwa eky'okufunamu ssente.<ref name=":2" /> Ku myaka gye emito, Azawi yatandika okuwandiika ennyimba era obukugu bwe mu kuwandiika ennyimba kwamuleetera okusisinkana Omuyimbi Eddy Kenzo eyammuyamba okumugatta ku bayimbi abalala. Awandiikiddeko abayimbi nga Nina Rose, Lydia Jazmine, Carol Nantongo, Vinka, ne Eddy Kenzo. Azawi oluvanyuma yegatta ku bbandi emu ey'abayimbi mu 2015, era nga bwakola ogw'okuweereza mu kirabo ky'emmere ekyali kyakatandikibwawo Maama we. Bwe yava ku mulimu gw'okuweereza mu kirabo ky'emmere, yawandiika oluyimba "Quinamino" n'ekigendererwa eky'okulutunda, wabula bwe yalutwala mu Swangz Avenue omulundi gwe ogusooka, mu August 2019, ate gye yafunira omukisa okwegatta ku Kampuni eno ng'omuyimbi. Okuvaayo n'ategeerekeka obulungi mu bantu, kwaliwo mu January 2020 oluvanyumma lw'okufulumya oluyimba oluyitibwa Quinamino. Mu November 2020, abakulira, Swangz Avenue baamuwandiika era ne bamwanjulira abantu mu butongole nga yakafulumya oluyimba lumu mu January 2020. Mu kiseera kino akyali wansi wa Swangz Avenue n'ennyimba ezisoba mu 20. == Ennyimba ze == === Entambi z'ennyimba ze === * Lo Fit (2020) * African Music (2021) === Ezitafulumidde ku ntambi === # Gimme # Craving you heavy # Bamututte # Thankful ft Benon # Majje ft Fik Fameica, # Slow dancing # Face Me ft A Pass # Fwa Fwa Fwa # Ku Kido, # My Year # Tubatiisa # Party Mood # Nkuchekele ft Eddy Kenzo, # Love you is easy, # African Music # Ache for you. # Quinamino # Repeat it # Lo Fit # Crazy lover # Toast to 75 # Mbinyumirwa # Envision # Craving You Heavy Remix ft. Chike == Engule n'okusiimibwa == * Yawangula engule y'omuyimbi w'omwaka omukazi eya Janzi awards 2021 * Yawangula engule y'olutambi lw'omwaka olwasinga eya – ''African Music'' Janzi awards 2021 * Yawangula engule ya Afro Beat/Pop Artist Janzi awards 2021 * Engule y'omuyimbi w'omwaka eya Buzz Teeniez awards 2021<ref name=":3" /> * Engule y'omuyimbi omukazi asinze mu mwaka eya Buzz Teeniez awards 2021 * Engule y'omuwandiisi w'ennyimba asinze eya Teenz Hottest Songwriter Buzz Teeniez awards 2021 * Engule y'oluyimba olusinze mu mwaka eya Teenz Hottest Song of the year – ''‘Slow Dancing’'' Buzz Teeniez awards 2021<ref name=":3" /> * Yawangula eya vidiyo esinze eya Teenz Flyest video – ''‘Slow Dancing’ '' Buzz Teeniez awards 2021<ref name=":3" /> * Engule y'omuyimbi omukazi asinze mu mwaka eya Zzina Awards 2021/22 * Yawangula ey'omuwandiisi w'ennyimba asinze mu mwaka eya Best Song Writer of the year Zzina Awards 2021/22<ref name=":6" /> * Yawangula ey'oluyimba olwasinga okukwata ku mitima gy'abantu eya Best Inspirational Song – Majje ft Fik Fameica Zzina Awards 2021/22<ref name=":6" /> == Ebirala byakoze ne byatuseeko mu bulamu == Azawi kati akola nga omutumbuzi w'omwenge gwa Guinness, nga kino akikola n'omuyimbi Omunigeria Fireboy DML. Kino era kyeyolekera mu vidiyo ye ey'oluyimba MAJJE lwe yakola n'omuyimbi Fik Fameica. Azawi mu 2021 yalabikira ku ntimbe gaggadde okubeera abantu ab'ettuttumu okuli olwa New York ne Los Angelos "Times Square", n'afuuka omukazi munnayuganda eyasooka okulabikirako era Munnayuganda ow'okusatu oluvanyuma lwa Eddy Kenzo ne Bobi Wine. == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Category:Abayimbi]] 9qb4ub3xoevoveusnmdkxzpstirmy35 58662 58661 2026-07-03T21:02:07Z 24RAY 11014 ngasseeko ebijuliziddwa 58662 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Priscilla Zawedde''' (yazaalibwa 2 Ogwokubiri 1996) amanyiddwa ennyo nga Azawi nga ly'erinnya ly'akozesa ku siteegi ng'ayimba. Azawi Munnayuganda omuyimbi, omuwandiisi w'ennyimba era omuzinyi ng'ayimbira mu kampuni ya Swangz Avenue eyamuwandiika mu 2019.<ref>Ray, Lee (2019-12-31). [https://www.routineblast.com/brand-new-swangz-avenue-set-date-to-release-new-signing-azawis-song/ "BRAND NEW: Swangz Avenue Set Date To Release New Signing, Azawi's Song"]. ''Routine Blast : Gossip, Showbiz, Breaking News in Uganda''. Retrieved 2023-02-19.</ref> Ayimba ennyimba ez'ekika kya Afrobeats<ref>Bm, B. (2021-10-11). [https://www.galaxyfm.co.ug/2021/10/11/african-music-by-azawi-is-the-album-of-the-year/ "African Music by Azawi is the Album of the year!"]. ''Galaxy FM 100.2''. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref> mu Luganda n'Oluzungu. Ye Munnayuganda omuyimbi omukazi eyasooka okulabikira ku ntimbe okuli New York "Times Square" ne Los Angelos ezirabikirako abantu abatutumufu.<ref>[http://nilepost.co.ug/2021/10/23/azawi-shines-brightest-on-billboards-in-new-york-and-london/ "Azawi shines brightest on billboards in New York and London]". ''Nile Post''. 2021-10-23. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref><ref>Witness, Eye (2021-10-23). [https://www.galaxyfm.co.ug/2021/10/23/azawi-becomes-the-third-ugandan-act-to-appear-on-time-square-in-new-york-after-kenzo-and-bobi-wine/ "Azawi becomes the first UG female artist to appear on Times Square]". ''Galaxy FM 100.2''. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Priscilla Zawedde yazaalibwa nga 2 Ogwokubiri 1996 mu Kampala. Bazadde be ye mugenzi Walusimbi Samuel ne Nakamatte Mary. Yagenda ku Buganda road primary mu kusoma kwe okwasooka oluvanyuma ne yegatta ku Mother Kevin Primary School mu disitulikiti y'e Mukono gye yamalira Pulayimale (P.7). Yegatta ku St Henry’s college e Ggangu Masajja, Lubiri secondary school, London college eNansana, St Janani Luwum secondary school gye yamalira Siniya ey'omukaaga (S.6), gye yava ne yeyongerayo e [[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|Makerere University]] gye yafunira diguli mu by'obusuubuzi. == Omulimu gwe == === Emirimu egyasooka === Emirimu gya Azawi yagitandika mu 2005&nbsp;ng'omuzinyi mu kibiina ekiyitibwa Kika dance Group. Baakola omulimu guno nga guluupu mu bifo ebiwerako. Emyaka ena egyaddirira, yayingira ekibiina ekirala ekiyitibwa Crane Performers nga bino byonna yabikola akyali mu ssomero. Oluvanyuma lw'okukizuula nti yali takola bulungi mu ssomero, ebyokuzina yasooka n'abiwummuza. Wabula mu kiseera ekyo yagenda e China enfunda bbiri nga bagenze okuzannya n'ekibiina kye. === Omulimu gw'okuyimba === Mu 2011, yatandika okuwandiika ennyimba, mu kusooka yakikolanga mu ngeri ya kinyumu, bwe yali tanakizuula nti asobola okukolamu ssente. Kitaawe yafa mu 2012, n'asigaza obuvunanyizibwa obw'okulabirira maamma we ne baganda be babiri, ekyamuleetera okukola omulimu gw'okuwandiika ennyimba n'ekigendererwa eky'okufunamu ssente.<ref name=":2" /> Ku myaka gye emito, Azawi yatandika okuwandiika ennyimba era obukugu bwe mu kuwandiika ennyimba kwamuleetera okusisinkana Omuyimbi Eddy Kenzo eyammuyamba okumugatta ku bayimbi abalala. Awandiikiddeko abayimbi nga Nina Rose, Lydia Jazmine, Carol Nantongo, Vinka, ne Eddy Kenzo. Azawi oluvanyuma yegatta ku bbandi emu ey'abayimbi mu 2015, era nga bwakola ogw'okuweereza mu kirabo ky'emmere ekyali kyakatandikibwawo Maama we. Bwe yava ku mulimu gw'okuweereza mu kirabo ky'emmere, yawandiika oluyimba "Quinamino" n'ekigendererwa eky'okulutunda, wabula bwe yalutwala mu Swangz Avenue omulundi gwe ogusooka, mu August 2019, ate gye yafunira omukisa okwegatta ku Kampuni eno ng'omuyimbi. Okuvaayo n'ategeerekeka obulungi mu bantu, kwaliwo mu January 2020 oluvanyumma lw'okufulumya oluyimba oluyitibwa Quinamino. Mu November 2020, abakulira, Swangz Avenue baamuwandiika era ne bamwanjulira abantu mu butongole nga yakafulumya oluyimba lumu mu January 2020. Mu kiseera kino akyali wansi wa Swangz Avenue n'ennyimba ezisoba mu 20. == Ennyimba ze == === Entambi z'ennyimba ze === * Lo Fit (2020) * African Music (2021) === Ezitafulumidde ku ntambi === # Gimme # Craving you heavy # Bamututte # Thankful ft Benon # Majje ft Fik Fameica, # Slow dancing # Face Me ft A Pass # Fwa Fwa Fwa # Ku Kido, # My Year # Tubatiisa # Party Mood # Nkuchekele ft Eddy Kenzo, # Love you is easy, # African Music # Ache for you. # Quinamino # Repeat it # Lo Fit # Crazy lover # Toast to 75 # Mbinyumirwa # Envision # Craving You Heavy Remix ft. Chike == Engule n'okusiimibwa == * Yawangula engule y'omuyimbi w'omwaka omukazi eya Janzi awards 2021 * Yawangula engule y'olutambi lw'omwaka olwasinga eya – ''African Music'' Janzi awards 2021 * Yawangula engule ya Afro Beat/Pop Artist Janzi awards 2021 * Engule y'omuyimbi w'omwaka eya Buzz Teeniez awards 2021<ref name=":3" /> * Engule y'omuyimbi omukazi asinze mu mwaka eya Buzz Teeniez awards 2021 * Engule y'omuwandiisi w'ennyimba asinze eya Teenz Hottest Songwriter Buzz Teeniez awards 2021 * Engule y'oluyimba olusinze mu mwaka eya Teenz Hottest Song of the year – ''‘Slow Dancing’'' Buzz Teeniez awards 2021<ref name=":3" /> * Yawangula eya vidiyo esinze eya Teenz Flyest video – ''‘Slow Dancing’ '' Buzz Teeniez awards 2021<ref name=":3" /> * Engule y'omuyimbi omukazi asinze mu mwaka eya Zzina Awards 2021/22 * Yawangula ey'omuwandiisi w'ennyimba asinze mu mwaka eya Best Song Writer of the year Zzina Awards 2021/22<ref name=":6" /> * Yawangula ey'oluyimba olwasinga okukwata ku mitima gy'abantu eya Best Inspirational Song – Majje ft Fik Fameica Zzina Awards 2021/22<ref name=":6" /> == Ebirala byakoze ne byatuseeko mu bulamu == Azawi kati akola nga omutumbuzi w'omwenge gwa Guinness, nga kino akikola n'omuyimbi Omunigeria Fireboy DML. Kino era kyeyolekera mu vidiyo ye ey'oluyimba MAJJE lwe yakola n'omuyimbi Fik Fameica. Azawi mu 2021 yalabikira ku ntimbe gaggadde okubeera abantu ab'ettuttumu okuli olwa New York ne Los Angelos "Times Square", n'afuuka omukazi munnayuganda eyasooka okulabikirako era Munnayuganda ow'okusatu oluvanyuma lwa Eddy Kenzo ne Bobi Wine. == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Category:Abayimbi]] 3yotmn5ijcf60ma221ecucod09tlzh7 58669 58662 2026-07-03T21:21:51Z 24RAY 11014 empandiika 58669 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Priscilla Zawedde''' (yazaalibwa nga 2 Ogwokubiri 1996) amanyiddwa ennyo nga Azawi, muyimbi-omuwandiisi wa nnyimba, omuzinyi era Munnayuganda, ng'ayimbira mu kampuni ya Swangz Avenue eyamuwandiika mu 2019.<ref>Ray, Lee (2019-12-31). [https://www.routineblast.com/brand-new-swangz-avenue-set-date-to-release-new-signing-azawis-song/ "BRAND NEW: Swangz Avenue Set Date To Release New Signing, Azawi's Song"]. ''Routine Blast : Gossip, Showbiz, Breaking News in Uganda''. Retrieved 2023-02-19.</ref> Ayimba ennyimba ez'ekika kya Afrobeats<ref>Bm, B. (2021-10-11). [https://www.galaxyfm.co.ug/2021/10/11/african-music-by-azawi-is-the-album-of-the-year/ "African Music by Azawi is the Album of the year!"]. ''Galaxy FM 100.2''. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref> mu Luganda n'Oluzungu. Ye Munnayuganda omuyimbi omukyala eyasooka okulabikira ku ntimbe (billboards) okuli eya New York "Times Square" ne Los Angelos.<ref>[http://nilepost.co.ug/2021/10/23/azawi-shines-brightest-on-billboards-in-new-york-and-london/ "Azawi shines brightest on billboards in New York and London]". ''Nile Post''. 2021-10-23. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref><ref>Witness, Eye (2021-10-23). [https://www.galaxyfm.co.ug/2021/10/23/azawi-becomes-the-third-ugandan-act-to-appear-on-time-square-in-new-york-after-kenzo-and-bobi-wine/ "Azawi becomes the first UG female artist to appear on Times Square]". ''Galaxy FM 100.2''. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Priscilla Zawedde yazaalibwa nga 2 Ogwokubiri 1996 mu Kampala. Bazadde be ye mugenzi Walusimbi Samuel ne Nakamatte Mary. Yagenda ku Buganda road primary mu kusoma kwe okwasooka oluvanyuma ne yegatta ku Mother Kevin Primary School mu disitulikiti y'e Mukono gye yamalira Pulayimale (P.7). Yegatta ku St Henry’s college e Ggangu Masajja, Lubiri secondary school, London college eNansana, St Janani Luwum secondary school gye yamalira Siniya ey'omukaaga (S.6), gye yava ne yeyongerayo e [[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|Makerere University]] gye yafunira diguli mu by'obusuubuzi. == Omulimu gwe == === Emirimu egyasooka === Emirimu gya Azawi yagitandika mu 2005&nbsp;ng'omuzinyi mu kibiina ekiyitibwa Kika dance Group. Baakola omulimu guno nga guluupu mu bifo ebiwerako. Emyaka ena egyaddirira, yayingira ekibiina ekirala ekiyitibwa Crane Performers nga bino byonna yabikola akyali mu ssomero. Oluvanyuma lw'okukizuula nti yali takola bulungi mu ssomero, ebyokuzina yasooka n'abiwummuza. Wabula mu kiseera ekyo yagenda e China enfunda bbiri nga bagenze okuzannya n'ekibiina kye. === Omulimu gw'okuyimba === Mu 2011, yatandika okuwandiika ennyimba, mu kusooka yakikolanga mu ngeri ya kinyumu, bwe yali tanakizuula nti asobola okukolamu ssente. Kitaawe yafa mu 2012, n'asigaza obuvunanyizibwa obw'okulabirira maamma we ne baganda be babiri, ekyamuleetera okukola omulimu gw'okuwandiika ennyimba n'ekigendererwa eky'okufunamu ssente.<ref name=":2" /> Ku myaka gye emito, Azawi yatandika okuwandiika ennyimba era obukugu bwe mu kuwandiika ennyimba kwamuleetera okusisinkana Omuyimbi Eddy Kenzo eyammuyamba okumugatta ku bayimbi abalala. Awandiikiddeko abayimbi nga Nina Rose, Lydia Jazmine, Carol Nantongo, Vinka, ne Eddy Kenzo. Azawi oluvanyuma yegatta ku bbandi emu ey'abayimbi mu 2015, era nga bwakola ogw'okuweereza mu kirabo ky'emmere ekyali kyakatandikibwawo Maama we. Bwe yava ku mulimu gw'okuweereza mu kirabo ky'emmere, yawandiika oluyimba "Quinamino" n'ekigendererwa eky'okulutunda, wabula bwe yalutwala mu Swangz Avenue omulundi gwe ogusooka, mu August 2019, ate gye yafunira omukisa okwegatta ku Kampuni eno ng'omuyimbi. Okuvaayo n'ategeerekeka obulungi mu bantu, kwaliwo mu January 2020 oluvanyumma lw'okufulumya oluyimba oluyitibwa Quinamino. Mu November 2020, abakulira, Swangz Avenue baamuwandiika era ne bamwanjulira abantu mu butongole nga yakafulumya oluyimba lumu mu January 2020. Mu kiseera kino akyali wansi wa Swangz Avenue n'ennyimba ezisoba mu 20. == Ennyimba ze == === Entambi z'ennyimba ze === * Lo Fit (2020) * African Music (2021) === Ezitafulumidde ku ntambi === # Gimme # Craving you heavy # Bamututte # Thankful ft Benon # Majje ft Fik Fameica, # Slow dancing # Face Me ft A Pass # Fwa Fwa Fwa # Ku Kido, # My Year # Tubatiisa # Party Mood # Nkuchekele ft Eddy Kenzo, # Love you is easy, # African Music # Ache for you. # Quinamino # Repeat it # Lo Fit # Crazy lover # Toast to 75 # Mbinyumirwa # Envision # Craving You Heavy Remix ft. Chike == Engule n'okusiimibwa == * Yawangula engule y'omuyimbi w'omwaka omukazi eya Janzi awards 2021 * Yawangula engule y'olutambi lw'omwaka olwasinga eya – ''African Music'' Janzi awards 2021 * Yawangula engule ya Afro Beat/Pop Artist Janzi awards 2021 * Engule y'omuyimbi w'omwaka eya Buzz Teeniez awards 2021<ref name=":3" /> * Engule y'omuyimbi omukazi asinze mu mwaka eya Buzz Teeniez awards 2021 * Engule y'omuwandiisi w'ennyimba asinze eya Teenz Hottest Songwriter Buzz Teeniez awards 2021 * Engule y'oluyimba olusinze mu mwaka eya Teenz Hottest Song of the year – ''‘Slow Dancing’'' Buzz Teeniez awards 2021<ref name=":3" /> * Yawangula eya vidiyo esinze eya Teenz Flyest video – ''‘Slow Dancing’ '' Buzz Teeniez awards 2021<ref name=":3" /> * Engule y'omuyimbi omukazi asinze mu mwaka eya Zzina Awards 2021/22 * Yawangula ey'omuwandiisi w'ennyimba asinze mu mwaka eya Best Song Writer of the year Zzina Awards 2021/22<ref name=":6" /> * Yawangula ey'oluyimba olwasinga okukwata ku mitima gy'abantu eya Best Inspirational Song – Majje ft Fik Fameica Zzina Awards 2021/22<ref name=":6" /> == Ebirala byakoze ne byatuseeko mu bulamu == Azawi kati akola nga omutumbuzi w'omwenge gwa Guinness, nga kino akikola n'omuyimbi Omunigeria Fireboy DML. Kino era kyeyolekera mu vidiyo ye ey'oluyimba MAJJE lwe yakola n'omuyimbi Fik Fameica. Azawi mu 2021 yalabikira ku ntimbe gaggadde okubeera abantu ab'ettuttumu okuli olwa New York ne Los Angelos "Times Square", n'afuuka omukazi munnayuganda eyasooka okulabikirako era Munnayuganda ow'okusatu oluvanyuma lwa Eddy Kenzo ne Bobi Wine. == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Category:Abayimbi]] iw2cirx63axue2v8i8ahtgqiz63spvf 58673 58669 2026-07-03T21:25:26Z 24RAY 11014 empandiika ne obutindo 58673 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''<big>Priscilla Zawedde</big>''' (yazaalibwa nga 2 Ogwokubiri 1996) amanyikibwa nnyo nga Azawi, muyimbi-omuwandiisi wa nnyimba, omuzinyi era [[Munnayuganda|Munnayuganda,]] ng'ayimbira mu kampuni ya Swangz Avenue eyamuwandiika mu 2019.<ref>Ray, Lee (2019-12-31). [https://www.routineblast.com/brand-new-swangz-avenue-set-date-to-release-new-signing-azawis-song/ "BRAND NEW: Swangz Avenue Set Date To Release New Signing, Azawi's Song"]. ''Routine Blast : Gossip, Showbiz, Breaking News in Uganda''. Retrieved 2023-02-19.</ref> Ayimba ennyimba ez'ekika kya Afrobeats<ref>Bm, B. (2021-10-11). [https://www.galaxyfm.co.ug/2021/10/11/african-music-by-azawi-is-the-album-of-the-year/ "African Music by Azawi is the Album of the year!"]. ''Galaxy FM 100.2''. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref> mu Luganda n'Oluzungu. Ye Munnayuganda omuyimbi omukyala eyasooka okulabikira ku ntimbe (billboards) okuli eya New York "Times Square" ne Los Angelos.<ref>[http://nilepost.co.ug/2021/10/23/azawi-shines-brightest-on-billboards-in-new-york-and-london/ "Azawi shines brightest on billboards in New York and London]". ''Nile Post''. 2021-10-23. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref><ref>Witness, Eye (2021-10-23). [https://www.galaxyfm.co.ug/2021/10/23/azawi-becomes-the-third-ugandan-act-to-appear-on-time-square-in-new-york-after-kenzo-and-bobi-wine/ "Azawi becomes the first UG female artist to appear on Times Square]". ''Galaxy FM 100.2''. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Priscilla Zawedde yazaalibwa nga 2 Ogwokubiri 1996 mu Kampala. Bazadde be ye mugenzi Walusimbi Samuel ne Nakamatte Mary. Yagenda ku Buganda road primary mu kusoma kwe okwasooka oluvanyuma ne yegatta ku Mother Kevin Primary School mu disitulikiti y'e Mukono gye yamalira Pulayimale (P.7). Yegatta ku St Henry’s college e Ggangu Masajja, Lubiri secondary school, London college eNansana, St Janani Luwum secondary school gye yamalira Siniya ey'omukaaga (S.6), gye yava ne yeyongerayo e [[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|Makerere University]] gye yafunira diguli mu by'obusuubuzi. == Omulimu gwe == === Emirimu egyasooka === Emirimu gya Azawi yagitandika mu 2005&nbsp;ng'omuzinyi mu kibiina ekiyitibwa Kika dance Group. Baakola omulimu guno nga guluupu mu bifo ebiwerako. Emyaka ena egyaddirira, yayingira ekibiina ekirala ekiyitibwa Crane Performers nga bino byonna yabikola akyali mu ssomero. Oluvanyuma lw'okukizuula nti yali takola bulungi mu ssomero, ebyokuzina yasooka n'abiwummuza. Wabula mu kiseera ekyo yagenda e China enfunda bbiri nga bagenze okuzannya n'ekibiina kye. === Omulimu gw'okuyimba === Mu 2011, yatandika okuwandiika ennyimba, mu kusooka yakikolanga mu ngeri ya kinyumu, bwe yali tanakizuula nti asobola okukolamu ssente. Kitaawe yafa mu 2012, n'asigaza obuvunanyizibwa obw'okulabirira maamma we ne baganda be babiri, ekyamuleetera okukola omulimu gw'okuwandiika ennyimba n'ekigendererwa eky'okufunamu ssente.<ref name=":2" /> Ku myaka gye emito, Azawi yatandika okuwandiika ennyimba era obukugu bwe mu kuwandiika ennyimba kwamuleetera okusisinkana Omuyimbi Eddy Kenzo eyammuyamba okumugatta ku bayimbi abalala. Awandiikiddeko abayimbi nga Nina Rose, Lydia Jazmine, Carol Nantongo, Vinka, ne Eddy Kenzo. Azawi oluvanyuma yegatta ku bbandi emu ey'abayimbi mu 2015, era nga bwakola ogw'okuweereza mu kirabo ky'emmere ekyali kyakatandikibwawo Maama we. Bwe yava ku mulimu gw'okuweereza mu kirabo ky'emmere, yawandiika oluyimba "Quinamino" n'ekigendererwa eky'okulutunda, wabula bwe yalutwala mu Swangz Avenue omulundi gwe ogusooka, mu August 2019, ate gye yafunira omukisa okwegatta ku Kampuni eno ng'omuyimbi. Okuvaayo n'ategeerekeka obulungi mu bantu, kwaliwo mu January 2020 oluvanyumma lw'okufulumya oluyimba oluyitibwa Quinamino. Mu November 2020, abakulira, Swangz Avenue baamuwandiika era ne bamwanjulira abantu mu butongole nga yakafulumya oluyimba lumu mu January 2020. Mu kiseera kino akyali wansi wa Swangz Avenue n'ennyimba ezisoba mu 20. == Ennyimba ze == === Entambi z'ennyimba ze === * Lo Fit (2020) * African Music (2021) === Ezitafulumidde ku ntambi === # Gimme # Craving you heavy # Bamututte # Thankful ft Benon # Majje ft Fik Fameica, # Slow dancing # Face Me ft A Pass # Fwa Fwa Fwa # Ku Kido, # My Year # Tubatiisa # Party Mood # Nkuchekele ft Eddy Kenzo, # Love you is easy, # African Music # Ache for you. # Quinamino # Repeat it # Lo Fit # Crazy lover # Toast to 75 # Mbinyumirwa # Envision # Craving You Heavy Remix ft. Chike == Engule n'okusiimibwa == * Yawangula engule y'omuyimbi w'omwaka omukazi eya Janzi awards 2021 * Yawangula engule y'olutambi lw'omwaka olwasinga eya – ''African Music'' Janzi awards 2021 * Yawangula engule ya Afro Beat/Pop Artist Janzi awards 2021 * Engule y'omuyimbi w'omwaka eya Buzz Teeniez awards 2021<ref name=":3" /> * Engule y'omuyimbi omukazi asinze mu mwaka eya Buzz Teeniez awards 2021 * Engule y'omuwandiisi w'ennyimba asinze eya Teenz Hottest Songwriter Buzz Teeniez awards 2021 * Engule y'oluyimba olusinze mu mwaka eya Teenz Hottest Song of the year – ''‘Slow Dancing’'' Buzz Teeniez awards 2021<ref name=":3" /> * Yawangula eya vidiyo esinze eya Teenz Flyest video – ''‘Slow Dancing’ '' Buzz Teeniez awards 2021<ref name=":3" /> * Engule y'omuyimbi omukazi asinze mu mwaka eya Zzina Awards 2021/22 * Yawangula ey'omuwandiisi w'ennyimba asinze mu mwaka eya Best Song Writer of the year Zzina Awards 2021/22<ref name=":6" /> * Yawangula ey'oluyimba olwasinga okukwata ku mitima gy'abantu eya Best Inspirational Song – Majje ft Fik Fameica Zzina Awards 2021/22<ref name=":6" /> == Ebirala byakoze ne byatuseeko mu bulamu == Azawi kati akola nga omutumbuzi w'omwenge gwa Guinness, nga kino akikola n'omuyimbi Omunigeria Fireboy DML. Kino era kyeyolekera mu vidiyo ye ey'oluyimba MAJJE lwe yakola n'omuyimbi Fik Fameica. Azawi mu 2021 yalabikira ku ntimbe gaggadde okubeera abantu ab'ettuttumu okuli olwa New York ne Los Angelos "Times Square", n'afuuka omukazi munnayuganda eyasooka okulabikirako era Munnayuganda ow'okusatu oluvanyuma lwa Eddy Kenzo ne Bobi Wine. == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Category:Abayimbi]] lme7j0s14y515xj3kp7bq798ajhgbqz 58678 58673 2026-07-03T21:31:56Z 24RAY 11014 Ngasseeko obutindo 58678 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''<big>Priscilla Zawedde</big>''' (yazaalibwa nga 2 Ogwokubiri 1996) amanyikibwa nnyo nga Azawi, muyimbi-muwandiisi wa nnyimba, omuzinyi era [[Munnayuganda|Munnayuganda,]] ng'ayimbira mu kibiina ya [[Swangz Avenue]] eyamuwandiika mu 2019.<ref>Ray, Lee (2019-12-31). [https://www.routineblast.com/brand-new-swangz-avenue-set-date-to-release-new-signing-azawis-song/ "BRAND NEW: Swangz Avenue Set Date To Release New Signing, Azawi's Song"]. ''Routine Blast : Gossip, Showbiz, Breaking News in Uganda''. Retrieved 2023-02-19.</ref> Ayimba ennyimba ez'ekika kya Afrobeats<ref>Bm, B. (2021-10-11). [https://www.galaxyfm.co.ug/2021/10/11/african-music-by-azawi-is-the-album-of-the-year/ "African Music by Azawi is the Album of the year!"]. ''Galaxy FM 100.2''. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref> mu Luganda n'Oluzungu. Ye [[Munnayuganda]] omuyimbi omukyala eyasooka okulabikira ku ntimbe (billboards) okuli eya New York "Times Square" ne Los Angelos.<ref>[http://nilepost.co.ug/2021/10/23/azawi-shines-brightest-on-billboards-in-new-york-and-london/ "Azawi shines brightest on billboards in New York and London]". ''Nile Post''. 2021-10-23. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref><ref>Witness, Eye (2021-10-23). [https://www.galaxyfm.co.ug/2021/10/23/azawi-becomes-the-third-ugandan-act-to-appear-on-time-square-in-new-york-after-kenzo-and-bobi-wine/ "Azawi becomes the first UG female artist to appear on Times Square]". ''Galaxy FM 100.2''. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Priscilla Zawedde yazaalibwa nga 2 Ogwokubiri 1996 mu Kampala. Bazadde be ye mugenzi Walusimbi Samuel ne Nakamatte Mary. Yagenda ku Buganda road primary mu kusoma kwe okwasooka oluvanyuma ne yegatta ku Mother Kevin Primary School mu disitulikiti y'e Mukono gye yamalira Pulayimale (P.7). Yegatta ku St Henry’s college e Ggangu Masajja, Lubiri secondary school, London college eNansana, St Janani Luwum secondary school gye yamalira Siniya ey'omukaaga (S.6), gye yava ne yeyongerayo e [[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|Makerere University]] gye yafunira diguli mu by'obusuubuzi. == Omulimu gwe == === Emirimu egyasooka === Emirimu gya Azawi yagitandika mu 2005&nbsp;ng'omuzinyi mu kibiina ekiyitibwa Kika dance Group. Baakola omulimu guno nga guluupu mu bifo ebiwerako. Emyaka ena egyaddirira, yayingira ekibiina ekirala ekiyitibwa Crane Performers nga bino byonna yabikola akyali mu ssomero. Oluvanyuma lw'okukizuula nti yali takola bulungi mu ssomero, ebyokuzina yasooka n'abiwummuza. Wabula mu kiseera ekyo yagenda e China enfunda bbiri nga bagenze okuzannya n'ekibiina kye. === Omulimu gw'okuyimba === Mu 2011, yatandika okuwandiika ennyimba, mu kusooka yakikolanga mu ngeri ya kinyumu, bwe yali tanakizuula nti asobola okukolamu ssente. Kitaawe yafa mu 2012, n'asigaza obuvunanyizibwa obw'okulabirira maamma we ne baganda be babiri, ekyamuleetera okukola omulimu gw'okuwandiika ennyimba n'ekigendererwa eky'okufunamu ssente.<ref name=":2" /> Ku myaka gye emito, Azawi yatandika okuwandiika ennyimba era obukugu bwe mu kuwandiika ennyimba kwamuleetera okusisinkana Omuyimbi Eddy Kenzo eyammuyamba okumugatta ku bayimbi abalala. Awandiikiddeko abayimbi nga Nina Rose, Lydia Jazmine, Carol Nantongo, Vinka, ne Eddy Kenzo. Azawi oluvanyuma yegatta ku bbandi emu ey'abayimbi mu 2015, era nga bwakola ogw'okuweereza mu kirabo ky'emmere ekyali kyakatandikibwawo Maama we. Bwe yava ku mulimu gw'okuweereza mu kirabo ky'emmere, yawandiika oluyimba "Quinamino" n'ekigendererwa eky'okulutunda, wabula bwe yalutwala mu Swangz Avenue omulundi gwe ogusooka, mu August 2019, ate gye yafunira omukisa okwegatta ku Kampuni eno ng'omuyimbi. Okuvaayo n'ategeerekeka obulungi mu bantu, kwaliwo mu January 2020 oluvanyumma lw'okufulumya oluyimba oluyitibwa Quinamino. Mu November 2020, abakulira, Swangz Avenue baamuwandiika era ne bamwanjulira abantu mu butongole nga yakafulumya oluyimba lumu mu January 2020. Mu kiseera kino akyali wansi wa Swangz Avenue n'ennyimba ezisoba mu 20. == Ennyimba ze == === Entambi z'ennyimba ze === * Lo Fit (2020) * African Music (2021) === Ezitafulumidde ku ntambi === # Gimme # Craving you heavy # Bamututte # Thankful ft Benon # Majje ft Fik Fameica, # Slow dancing # Face Me ft A Pass # Fwa Fwa Fwa # Ku Kido, # My Year # Tubatiisa # Party Mood # Nkuchekele ft Eddy Kenzo, # Love you is easy, # African Music # Ache for you. # Quinamino # Repeat it # Lo Fit # Crazy lover # Toast to 75 # Mbinyumirwa # Envision # Craving You Heavy Remix ft. Chike == Engule n'okusiimibwa == * Yawangula engule y'omuyimbi w'omwaka omukazi eya Janzi awards 2021 * Yawangula engule y'olutambi lw'omwaka olwasinga eya – ''African Music'' Janzi awards 2021 * Yawangula engule ya Afro Beat/Pop Artist Janzi awards 2021 * Engule y'omuyimbi w'omwaka eya Buzz Teeniez awards 2021<ref name=":3" /> * Engule y'omuyimbi omukazi asinze mu mwaka eya Buzz Teeniez awards 2021 * Engule y'omuwandiisi w'ennyimba asinze eya Teenz Hottest Songwriter Buzz Teeniez awards 2021 * Engule y'oluyimba olusinze mu mwaka eya Teenz Hottest Song of the year – ''‘Slow Dancing’'' Buzz Teeniez awards 2021<ref name=":3" /> * Yawangula eya vidiyo esinze eya Teenz Flyest video – ''‘Slow Dancing’ '' Buzz Teeniez awards 2021<ref name=":3" /> * Engule y'omuyimbi omukazi asinze mu mwaka eya Zzina Awards 2021/22 * Yawangula ey'omuwandiisi w'ennyimba asinze mu mwaka eya Best Song Writer of the year Zzina Awards 2021/22<ref name=":6" /> * Yawangula ey'oluyimba olwasinga okukwata ku mitima gy'abantu eya Best Inspirational Song – Majje ft Fik Fameica Zzina Awards 2021/22<ref name=":6" /> == Ebirala byakoze ne byatuseeko mu bulamu == Azawi kati akola nga omutumbuzi w'omwenge gwa Guinness, nga kino akikola n'omuyimbi Omunigeria Fireboy DML. Kino era kyeyolekera mu vidiyo ye ey'oluyimba MAJJE lwe yakola n'omuyimbi Fik Fameica. Azawi mu 2021 yalabikira ku ntimbe gaggadde okubeera abantu ab'ettuttumu okuli olwa New York ne Los Angelos "Times Square", n'afuuka omukazi munnayuganda eyasooka okulabikirako era Munnayuganda ow'okusatu oluvanyuma lwa Eddy Kenzo ne Bobi Wine. == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Category:Abayimbi]] 4p4byasj3lx5lge8qeagb3kwu0vu36o 58700 58678 2026-07-03T21:43:53Z 24RAY 11014 ngasseeko ebijuliziddwa 58700 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''<big>Priscilla Zawedde</big>''' (yazaalibwa nga 2 Ogwokubiri 1996) amanyikibwa nnyo nga Azawi, muyimbi-muwandiisi wa nnyimba, omuzinyi era [[Munnayuganda|Munnayuganda,]] ng'ayimbira mu kibiina ya [[Swangz Avenue]] eyamuwandiika mu 2019.<ref>Ray, Lee (2019-12-31). [https://www.routineblast.com/brand-new-swangz-avenue-set-date-to-release-new-signing-azawis-song/ "BRAND NEW: Swangz Avenue Set Date To Release New Signing, Azawi's Song"]. ''Routine Blast : Gossip, Showbiz, Breaking News in Uganda''. Retrieved 2023-02-19.</ref> Ayimba ennyimba ez'ekika kya Afrobeats<ref>Bm, B. (2021-10-11). [https://www.galaxyfm.co.ug/2021/10/11/african-music-by-azawi-is-the-album-of-the-year/ "African Music by Azawi is the Album of the year!"]. ''Galaxy FM 100.2''. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref> mu Luganda n'Oluzungu. Ye [[Munnayuganda]] omuyimbi omukyala eyasooka okulabikira ku ntimbe (billboards) okuli eya New York city "Times Square" ne Los Angelos.<ref>[http://nilepost.co.ug/2021/10/23/azawi-shines-brightest-on-billboards-in-new-york-and-london/ "Azawi shines brightest on billboards in New York and London]". ''Nile Post''. 2021-10-23. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref><ref>Witness, Eye (2021-10-23). [https://www.galaxyfm.co.ug/2021/10/23/azawi-becomes-the-third-ugandan-act-to-appear-on-time-square-in-new-york-after-kenzo-and-bobi-wine/ "Azawi becomes the first UG female artist to appear on Times Square]". ''Galaxy FM 100.2''. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Priscilla Zawedde yazaalibwa nga 2 Ogwokubiri 1996 mu Kampala. Bazadde be ye mugenzi Walusimbi Samuel ne Nakamatte Mary. Yagenda ku Buganda road primary mu kusoma kwe okwasooka, oluvanyuma ne yegatta ku Mother Kevin Primary School mu disitulikiti y'e Mukono gye yamalira Pulayimale (P.7). Yegatta ku St Henry’s college e Ggangu Masajja, Lubiri secondary school, London college eNansana, St Janani Luwum secondary school gye yamalira Siniya ey'omukaaga (S.6), gye yava ne yeyongerayo e [[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|Makerere University]] gye yafunira diguli mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>[https://blizz.co.ug/1896/Swangz-Avenues-New-Singer-Azawi-Graduates-with-a-Bachelors-Degree "Swangz Avenue's New Singer Azawi Graduates with a Bachelor's Degree"]. ''blizz.co.ug''. 15 January 2020. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref> == Omulimu gwe == === Emirimu egyasooka === Emirimu gya Azawi yagitandika mu 2005&nbsp;ng'omuzinyi mu kibiina ekiyitibwa Kika dance Group. Baakola omulimu guno nga guluupu mu bifo ebiwerako. Emyaka ena egyaddirira, yayingira ekibiina ekirala ekiyitibwa Crane Performers nga bino byonna yabikola akyali mu ssomero. Oluvanyuma lw'okukizuula nti yali takola bulungi mu ssomero, ebyokuzina yasooka n'abiwummuza. Wabula mu kiseera ekyo yagenda e China enfunda bbiri nga bagenze okuzannya n'ekibiina kye. === Omulimu gw'okuyimba === Mu 2011, yatandika okuwandiika ennyimba, mu kusooka yakikolanga mu ngeri ya kinyumu, bwe yali tanakizuula nti asobola okukolamu ssente. Kitaawe yafa mu 2012, n'asigaza obuvunanyizibwa obw'okulabirira maamma we ne baganda be babiri, ekyamuleetera okukola omulimu gw'okuwandiika ennyimba n'ekigendererwa eky'okufunamu ssente.<ref name=":2" /> Ku myaka gye emito, Azawi yatandika okuwandiika ennyimba era obukugu bwe mu kuwandiika ennyimba kwamuleetera okusisinkana Omuyimbi Eddy Kenzo eyammuyamba okumugatta ku bayimbi abalala. Awandiikiddeko abayimbi nga Nina Rose, Lydia Jazmine, Carol Nantongo, Vinka, ne Eddy Kenzo. Azawi oluvanyuma yegatta ku bbandi emu ey'abayimbi mu 2015, era nga bwakola ogw'okuweereza mu kirabo ky'emmere ekyali kyakatandikibwawo Maama we. Bwe yava ku mulimu gw'okuweereza mu kirabo ky'emmere, yawandiika oluyimba "Quinamino" n'ekigendererwa eky'okulutunda, wabula bwe yalutwala mu Swangz Avenue omulundi gwe ogusooka, mu August 2019, ate gye yafunira omukisa okwegatta ku Kampuni eno ng'omuyimbi. Okuvaayo n'ategeerekeka obulungi mu bantu, kwaliwo mu January 2020 oluvanyumma lw'okufulumya oluyimba oluyitibwa Quinamino. Mu November 2020, abakulira, Swangz Avenue baamuwandiika era ne bamwanjulira abantu mu butongole nga yakafulumya oluyimba lumu mu January 2020. Mu kiseera kino akyali wansi wa Swangz Avenue n'ennyimba ezisoba mu 20. == Ennyimba ze == === Entambi z'ennyimba ze === * Lo Fit (2020) * African Music (2021) === Ezitafulumidde ku ntambi === # Gimme # Craving you heavy # Bamututte # Thankful ft Benon # Majje ft Fik Fameica, # Slow dancing # Face Me ft A Pass # Fwa Fwa Fwa # Ku Kido, # My Year # Tubatiisa # Party Mood # Nkuchekele ft Eddy Kenzo, # Love you is easy, # African Music # Ache for you. # Quinamino # Repeat it # Lo Fit # Crazy lover # Toast to 75 # Mbinyumirwa # Envision # Craving You Heavy Remix ft. Chike == Engule n'okusiimibwa == * Yawangula engule y'omuyimbi w'omwaka omukazi eya Janzi awards 2021 * Yawangula engule y'olutambi lw'omwaka olwasinga eya – ''African Music'' Janzi awards 2021 * Yawangula engule ya Afro Beat/Pop Artist Janzi awards 2021 * Engule y'omuyimbi w'omwaka eya Buzz Teeniez awards 2021<ref name=":3" /> * Engule y'omuyimbi omukazi asinze mu mwaka eya Buzz Teeniez awards 2021 * Engule y'omuwandiisi w'ennyimba asinze eya Teenz Hottest Songwriter Buzz Teeniez awards 2021 * Engule y'oluyimba olusinze mu mwaka eya Teenz Hottest Song of the year – ''‘Slow Dancing’'' Buzz Teeniez awards 2021<ref name=":3" /> * Yawangula eya vidiyo esinze eya Teenz Flyest video – ''‘Slow Dancing’ '' Buzz Teeniez awards 2021<ref name=":3" /> * Engule y'omuyimbi omukazi asinze mu mwaka eya Zzina Awards 2021/22 * Yawangula ey'omuwandiisi w'ennyimba asinze mu mwaka eya Best Song Writer of the year Zzina Awards 2021/22<ref name=":6" /> * Yawangula ey'oluyimba olwasinga okukwata ku mitima gy'abantu eya Best Inspirational Song – Majje ft Fik Fameica Zzina Awards 2021/22<ref name=":6" /> == Ebirala byakoze ne byatuseeko mu bulamu == Azawi kati akola nga omutumbuzi w'omwenge gwa Guinness, nga kino akikola n'omuyimbi Omunigeria Fireboy DML. Kino era kyeyolekera mu vidiyo ye ey'oluyimba MAJJE lwe yakola n'omuyimbi Fik Fameica. Azawi mu 2021 yalabikira ku ntimbe gaggadde okubeera abantu ab'ettuttumu okuli olwa New York ne Los Angelos "Times Square", n'afuuka omukazi munnayuganda eyasooka okulabikirako era Munnayuganda ow'okusatu oluvanyuma lwa Eddy Kenzo ne Bobi Wine. == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Category:Abayimbi]] au4g5m28pyn157pn65f5b6k02b0r6rg 58702 58700 2026-07-03T21:45:28Z 24RAY 11014 ngasseeko ebijuliziddwa 58702 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''<big>Priscilla Zawedde</big>''' (yazaalibwa nga 2 Ogwokubiri 1996) amanyikibwa nnyo nga Azawi, muyimbi-muwandiisi wa nnyimba, omuzinyi era [[Munnayuganda|Munnayuganda,]] ng'ayimbira mu kibiina ya [[Swangz Avenue]] eyamuwandiika mu 2019.<ref>Ray, Lee (2019-12-31). [https://www.routineblast.com/brand-new-swangz-avenue-set-date-to-release-new-signing-azawis-song/ "BRAND NEW: Swangz Avenue Set Date To Release New Signing, Azawi's Song"]. ''Routine Blast : Gossip, Showbiz, Breaking News in Uganda''. Retrieved 2023-02-19.</ref> Ayimba ennyimba ez'ekika kya Afrobeats<ref>Bm, B. (2021-10-11). [https://www.galaxyfm.co.ug/2021/10/11/african-music-by-azawi-is-the-album-of-the-year/ "African Music by Azawi is the Album of the year!"]. ''Galaxy FM 100.2''. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref> mu Luganda n'Oluzungu. Ye [[Munnayuganda]] omuyimbi omukyala eyasooka okulabikira ku ntimbe (billboards) okuli eya New York city "Times Square" ne Los Angelos.<ref>[http://nilepost.co.ug/2021/10/23/azawi-shines-brightest-on-billboards-in-new-york-and-london/ "Azawi shines brightest on billboards in New York and London]". ''Nile Post''. 2021-10-23. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref><ref>Witness, Eye (2021-10-23). [https://www.galaxyfm.co.ug/2021/10/23/azawi-becomes-the-third-ugandan-act-to-appear-on-time-square-in-new-york-after-kenzo-and-bobi-wine/ "Azawi becomes the first UG female artist to appear on Times Square]". ''Galaxy FM 100.2''. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Priscilla Zawedde yazaalibwa nga 2 Ogwokubiri 1996 mu Kampala. Bazadde be ye mugenzi Walusimbi Samuel ne Nakamatte Mary. Yagenda ku Buganda road primary mu kusoma kwe okwasooka, oluvanyuma ne yegatta ku Mother Kevin Primary School mu disitulikiti y'e Mukono gye yamalira Pulayimale (P.7). Yegatta ku St Henry’s college e Ggangu Masajja, Lubiri secondary school, London college eNansana, St Janani Luwum secondary school gye yamalira Siniya ey'omukaaga (S.6), gye yava ne yeyongerayo e [[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|Makerere University]] gye yafunira diguli mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>[https://mbu.ug/2020/06/24/i-almost-quit-my-course-at-campus-just-after-year-one-azawi-reveals/ "I almost quit my course at campus just after year one – Azawi reveals]". ''MBU''. 2020-06-24. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref><ref>[https://blizz.co.ug/1896/Swangz-Avenues-New-Singer-Azawi-Graduates-with-a-Bachelors-Degree "Swangz Avenue's New Singer Azawi Graduates with a Bachelor's Degree"]. ''blizz.co.ug''. 15 January 2020. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref> == Omulimu gwe == === Emirimu egyasooka === Emirimu gya Azawi yagitandika mu 2005&nbsp;ng'omuzinyi mu kibiina ekiyitibwa Kika dance Group. Baakola omulimu guno nga guluupu mu bifo ebiwerako. Emyaka ena egyaddirira, yayingira ekibiina ekirala ekiyitibwa Crane Performers nga bino byonna yabikola akyali mu ssomero. Oluvanyuma lw'okukizuula nti yali takola bulungi mu ssomero, ebyokuzina yasooka n'abiwummuza. Wabula mu kiseera ekyo yagenda e China enfunda bbiri nga bagenze okuzannya n'ekibiina kye. === Omulimu gw'okuyimba === Mu 2011, yatandika okuwandiika ennyimba, mu kusooka yakikolanga mu ngeri ya kinyumu, bwe yali tanakizuula nti asobola okukolamu ssente. Kitaawe yafa mu 2012, n'asigaza obuvunanyizibwa obw'okulabirira maamma we ne baganda be babiri, ekyamuleetera okukola omulimu gw'okuwandiika ennyimba n'ekigendererwa eky'okufunamu ssente.<ref name=":2" /> Ku myaka gye emito, Azawi yatandika okuwandiika ennyimba era obukugu bwe mu kuwandiika ennyimba kwamuleetera okusisinkana Omuyimbi Eddy Kenzo eyammuyamba okumugatta ku bayimbi abalala. Awandiikiddeko abayimbi nga Nina Rose, Lydia Jazmine, Carol Nantongo, Vinka, ne Eddy Kenzo. Azawi oluvanyuma yegatta ku bbandi emu ey'abayimbi mu 2015, era nga bwakola ogw'okuweereza mu kirabo ky'emmere ekyali kyakatandikibwawo Maama we. Bwe yava ku mulimu gw'okuweereza mu kirabo ky'emmere, yawandiika oluyimba "Quinamino" n'ekigendererwa eky'okulutunda, wabula bwe yalutwala mu Swangz Avenue omulundi gwe ogusooka, mu August 2019, ate gye yafunira omukisa okwegatta ku Kampuni eno ng'omuyimbi. Okuvaayo n'ategeerekeka obulungi mu bantu, kwaliwo mu January 2020 oluvanyumma lw'okufulumya oluyimba oluyitibwa Quinamino. Mu November 2020, abakulira, Swangz Avenue baamuwandiika era ne bamwanjulira abantu mu butongole nga yakafulumya oluyimba lumu mu January 2020. Mu kiseera kino akyali wansi wa Swangz Avenue n'ennyimba ezisoba mu 20. == Ennyimba ze == === Entambi z'ennyimba ze === * Lo Fit (2020) * African Music (2021) === Ezitafulumidde ku ntambi === # Gimme # Craving you heavy # Bamututte # Thankful ft Benon # Majje ft Fik Fameica, # Slow dancing # Face Me ft A Pass # Fwa Fwa Fwa # Ku Kido, # My Year # Tubatiisa # Party Mood # Nkuchekele ft Eddy Kenzo, # Love you is easy, # African Music # Ache for you. # Quinamino # Repeat it # Lo Fit # Crazy lover # Toast to 75 # Mbinyumirwa # Envision # Craving You Heavy Remix ft. Chike == Engule n'okusiimibwa == * Yawangula engule y'omuyimbi w'omwaka omukazi eya Janzi awards 2021 * Yawangula engule y'olutambi lw'omwaka olwasinga eya – ''African Music'' Janzi awards 2021 * Yawangula engule ya Afro Beat/Pop Artist Janzi awards 2021 * Engule y'omuyimbi w'omwaka eya Buzz Teeniez awards 2021<ref name=":3" /> * Engule y'omuyimbi omukazi asinze mu mwaka eya Buzz Teeniez awards 2021 * Engule y'omuwandiisi w'ennyimba asinze eya Teenz Hottest Songwriter Buzz Teeniez awards 2021 * Engule y'oluyimba olusinze mu mwaka eya Teenz Hottest Song of the year – ''‘Slow Dancing’'' Buzz Teeniez awards 2021<ref name=":3" /> * Yawangula eya vidiyo esinze eya Teenz Flyest video – ''‘Slow Dancing’ '' Buzz Teeniez awards 2021<ref name=":3" /> * Engule y'omuyimbi omukazi asinze mu mwaka eya Zzina Awards 2021/22 * Yawangula ey'omuwandiisi w'ennyimba asinze mu mwaka eya Best Song Writer of the year Zzina Awards 2021/22<ref name=":6" /> * Yawangula ey'oluyimba olwasinga okukwata ku mitima gy'abantu eya Best Inspirational Song – Majje ft Fik Fameica Zzina Awards 2021/22<ref name=":6" /> == Ebirala byakoze ne byatuseeko mu bulamu == Azawi kati akola nga omutumbuzi w'omwenge gwa Guinness, nga kino akikola n'omuyimbi Omunigeria Fireboy DML. Kino era kyeyolekera mu vidiyo ye ey'oluyimba MAJJE lwe yakola n'omuyimbi Fik Fameica. Azawi mu 2021 yalabikira ku ntimbe gaggadde okubeera abantu ab'ettuttumu okuli olwa New York ne Los Angelos "Times Square", n'afuuka omukazi munnayuganda eyasooka okulabikirako era Munnayuganda ow'okusatu oluvanyuma lwa Eddy Kenzo ne Bobi Wine. == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Category:Abayimbi]] pk9vdhquw4mv15dk0ik6j5cnsn8qiwt 58703 58702 2026-07-03T21:47:27Z 24RAY 11014 ngasseeko ebijuliziddwa 58703 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''<big>Priscilla Zawedde</big>''' (yazaalibwa nga 2 Ogwokubiri 1996) amanyikibwa nnyo nga Azawi, muyimbi-muwandiisi wa nnyimba, omuzinyi era [[Munnayuganda|Munnayuganda,]] ng'ayimbira mu kibiina ya [[Swangz Avenue]] eyamuwandiika mu 2019.<ref>Ray, Lee (2019-12-31). [https://www.routineblast.com/brand-new-swangz-avenue-set-date-to-release-new-signing-azawis-song/ "BRAND NEW: Swangz Avenue Set Date To Release New Signing, Azawi's Song"]. ''Routine Blast : Gossip, Showbiz, Breaking News in Uganda''. Retrieved 2023-02-19.</ref> Ayimba ennyimba ez'ekika kya Afrobeats<ref>Bm, B. (2021-10-11). [https://www.galaxyfm.co.ug/2021/10/11/african-music-by-azawi-is-the-album-of-the-year/ "African Music by Azawi is the Album of the year!"]. ''Galaxy FM 100.2''. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref> mu Luganda n'Oluzungu. Ye [[Munnayuganda]] omuyimbi omukyala eyasooka okulabikira ku ntimbe (billboards) okuli eya New York city "Times Square" ne Los Angelos.<ref>[http://nilepost.co.ug/2021/10/23/azawi-shines-brightest-on-billboards-in-new-york-and-london/ "Azawi shines brightest on billboards in New York and London]". ''Nile Post''. 2021-10-23. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref><ref>Witness, Eye (2021-10-23). [https://www.galaxyfm.co.ug/2021/10/23/azawi-becomes-the-third-ugandan-act-to-appear-on-time-square-in-new-york-after-kenzo-and-bobi-wine/ "Azawi becomes the first UG female artist to appear on Times Square]". ''Galaxy FM 100.2''. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Priscilla Zawedde yazaalibwa nga 2 Ogwokubiri 1996 mu Kampala. Bazadde be ye mugenzi Walusimbi Samuel ne Nakamatte Mary. Yagenda ku Buganda road primary mu kusoma kwe okwasooka,<ref>Okereke, Caleb (30 November 2020). [https://observer.ug/lifestyle/67567-meet-priscilla-zawedde-aka-azawi-uganda-s-rising-star "Meet Priscilla Zawedde aka Azawi, Uganda's rising star"]. ''The Observer – Uganda''. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref> oluvanyuma ne yegatta ku Mother Kevin Primary School mu disitulikiti y'e Mukono gye yamalira Pulayimale (P.7). Yegatta ku St Henry’s college e Ggangu Masajja, Lubiri secondary school, London college eNansana, St Janani Luwum secondary school gye yamalira Siniya ey'omukaaga (S.6), gye yava ne yeyongerayo e [[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|Makerere University]] gye yafunira diguli mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>[https://mbu.ug/2020/06/24/i-almost-quit-my-course-at-campus-just-after-year-one-azawi-reveals/ "I almost quit my course at campus just after year one – Azawi reveals]". ''MBU''. 2020-06-24. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref><ref>[https://blizz.co.ug/1896/Swangz-Avenues-New-Singer-Azawi-Graduates-with-a-Bachelors-Degree "Swangz Avenue's New Singer Azawi Graduates with a Bachelor's Degree"]. ''blizz.co.ug''. 15 January 2020. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref> == Omulimu gwe == === Emirimu egyasooka === Emirimu gya Azawi yagitandika mu 2005&nbsp;ng'omuzinyi mu kibiina ekiyitibwa Kika dance Group. Baakola omulimu guno nga guluupu mu bifo ebiwerako. Emyaka ena egyaddirira, yayingira ekibiina ekirala ekiyitibwa Crane Performers nga bino byonna yabikola akyali mu ssomero. Oluvanyuma lw'okukizuula nti yali takola bulungi mu ssomero, ebyokuzina yasooka n'abiwummuza. Wabula mu kiseera ekyo yagenda e China enfunda bbiri nga bagenze okuzannya n'ekibiina kye. === Omulimu gw'okuyimba === Mu 2011, yatandika okuwandiika ennyimba, mu kusooka yakikolanga mu ngeri ya kinyumu, bwe yali tanakizuula nti asobola okukolamu ssente. Kitaawe yafa mu 2012, n'asigaza obuvunanyizibwa obw'okulabirira maamma we ne baganda be babiri, ekyamuleetera okukola omulimu gw'okuwandiika ennyimba n'ekigendererwa eky'okufunamu ssente.<ref name=":2" /> Ku myaka gye emito, Azawi yatandika okuwandiika ennyimba era obukugu bwe mu kuwandiika ennyimba kwamuleetera okusisinkana Omuyimbi Eddy Kenzo eyammuyamba okumugatta ku bayimbi abalala. Awandiikiddeko abayimbi nga Nina Rose, Lydia Jazmine, Carol Nantongo, Vinka, ne Eddy Kenzo. Azawi oluvanyuma yegatta ku bbandi emu ey'abayimbi mu 2015, era nga bwakola ogw'okuweereza mu kirabo ky'emmere ekyali kyakatandikibwawo Maama we. Bwe yava ku mulimu gw'okuweereza mu kirabo ky'emmere, yawandiika oluyimba "Quinamino" n'ekigendererwa eky'okulutunda, wabula bwe yalutwala mu Swangz Avenue omulundi gwe ogusooka, mu August 2019, ate gye yafunira omukisa okwegatta ku Kampuni eno ng'omuyimbi. Okuvaayo n'ategeerekeka obulungi mu bantu, kwaliwo mu January 2020 oluvanyumma lw'okufulumya oluyimba oluyitibwa Quinamino. Mu November 2020, abakulira, Swangz Avenue baamuwandiika era ne bamwanjulira abantu mu butongole nga yakafulumya oluyimba lumu mu January 2020. Mu kiseera kino akyali wansi wa Swangz Avenue n'ennyimba ezisoba mu 20. == Ennyimba ze == === Entambi z'ennyimba ze === * Lo Fit (2020) * African Music (2021) === Ezitafulumidde ku ntambi === # Gimme # Craving you heavy # Bamututte # Thankful ft Benon # Majje ft Fik Fameica, # Slow dancing # Face Me ft A Pass # Fwa Fwa Fwa # Ku Kido, # My Year # Tubatiisa # Party Mood # Nkuchekele ft Eddy Kenzo, # Love you is easy, # African Music # Ache for you. # Quinamino # Repeat it # Lo Fit # Crazy lover # Toast to 75 # Mbinyumirwa # Envision # Craving You Heavy Remix ft. Chike == Engule n'okusiimibwa == * Yawangula engule y'omuyimbi w'omwaka omukazi eya Janzi awards 2021 * Yawangula engule y'olutambi lw'omwaka olwasinga eya – ''African Music'' Janzi awards 2021 * Yawangula engule ya Afro Beat/Pop Artist Janzi awards 2021 * Engule y'omuyimbi w'omwaka eya Buzz Teeniez awards 2021<ref name=":3" /> * Engule y'omuyimbi omukazi asinze mu mwaka eya Buzz Teeniez awards 2021 * Engule y'omuwandiisi w'ennyimba asinze eya Teenz Hottest Songwriter Buzz Teeniez awards 2021 * Engule y'oluyimba olusinze mu mwaka eya Teenz Hottest Song of the year – ''‘Slow Dancing’'' Buzz Teeniez awards 2021<ref name=":3" /> * Yawangula eya vidiyo esinze eya Teenz Flyest video – ''‘Slow Dancing’ '' Buzz Teeniez awards 2021<ref name=":3" /> * Engule y'omuyimbi omukazi asinze mu mwaka eya Zzina Awards 2021/22 * Yawangula ey'omuwandiisi w'ennyimba asinze mu mwaka eya Best Song Writer of the year Zzina Awards 2021/22<ref name=":6" /> * Yawangula ey'oluyimba olwasinga okukwata ku mitima gy'abantu eya Best Inspirational Song – Majje ft Fik Fameica Zzina Awards 2021/22<ref name=":6" /> == Ebirala byakoze ne byatuseeko mu bulamu == Azawi kati akola nga omutumbuzi w'omwenge gwa Guinness, nga kino akikola n'omuyimbi Omunigeria Fireboy DML. Kino era kyeyolekera mu vidiyo ye ey'oluyimba MAJJE lwe yakola n'omuyimbi Fik Fameica. Azawi mu 2021 yalabikira ku ntimbe gaggadde okubeera abantu ab'ettuttumu okuli olwa New York ne Los Angelos "Times Square", n'afuuka omukazi munnayuganda eyasooka okulabikirako era Munnayuganda ow'okusatu oluvanyuma lwa Eddy Kenzo ne Bobi Wine. == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Category:Abayimbi]] hq7yro2i8g440blws3foansq6aqqv33 58706 58703 2026-07-03T21:51:05Z 24RAY 11014 ngasseeko ebijuliziddwa 58706 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''<big>Priscilla Zawedde</big>''' (yazaalibwa nga 2 Ogwokubiri 1996) amanyikibwa nnyo nga Azawi, muyimbi-muwandiisi wa nnyimba, omuzinyi era [[Munnayuganda|Munnayuganda,]] ng'ayimbira mu kibiina ya [[Swangz Avenue]] eyamuwandiika mu 2019.<ref>Ray, Lee (2019-12-31). [https://www.routineblast.com/brand-new-swangz-avenue-set-date-to-release-new-signing-azawis-song/ "BRAND NEW: Swangz Avenue Set Date To Release New Signing, Azawi's Song"]. ''Routine Blast : Gossip, Showbiz, Breaking News in Uganda''. Retrieved 2023-02-19.</ref> Ayimba ennyimba ez'ekika kya Afrobeats<ref>Bm, B. (2021-10-11). [https://www.galaxyfm.co.ug/2021/10/11/african-music-by-azawi-is-the-album-of-the-year/ "African Music by Azawi is the Album of the year!"]. ''Galaxy FM 100.2''. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref> mu Luganda n'Oluzungu. Ye [[Munnayuganda]] omuyimbi omukyala eyasooka okulabikira ku ntimbe (billboards) okuli eya New York city "Times Square" ne Los Angelos.<ref>[http://nilepost.co.ug/2021/10/23/azawi-shines-brightest-on-billboards-in-new-york-and-london/ "Azawi shines brightest on billboards in New York and London]". ''Nile Post''. 2021-10-23. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref><ref>Witness, Eye (2021-10-23). [https://www.galaxyfm.co.ug/2021/10/23/azawi-becomes-the-third-ugandan-act-to-appear-on-time-square-in-new-york-after-kenzo-and-bobi-wine/ "Azawi becomes the first UG female artist to appear on Times Square]". ''Galaxy FM 100.2''. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Priscilla Zawedde yazaalibwa nga 2 Ogwokubiri 1996 mu Kampala. Bazadde be ye mugenzi Walusimbi Samuel ne Nakamatte Mary. Yagenda ku Buganda road primary mu kusoma kwe okwasooka,<ref name=":0">Okereke, Caleb (30 November 2020). [https://observer.ug/lifestyle/67567-meet-priscilla-zawedde-aka-azawi-uganda-s-rising-star "Meet Priscilla Zawedde aka Azawi, Uganda's rising star"]. ''The Observer – Uganda''. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref> oluvanyuma ne yegatta ku Mother Kevin Primary School mu disitulikiti y'e Mukono gye yamalira Pulayimale (P.7). Yegatta ku St Henry’s college e Ggangu Masajja, Lubiri secondary school, London college eNansana, St Janani Luwum secondary school gye yamalira Siniya ey'omukaaga (S.6), gye yava ne yeyongerayo ku Yunivasite y'e [[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|Makerere]] gye yafunira diguli mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>[https://mbu.ug/2020/06/24/i-almost-quit-my-course-at-campus-just-after-year-one-azawi-reveals/ "I almost quit my course at campus just after year one – Azawi reveals]". ''MBU''. 2020-06-24. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref><ref>[https://blizz.co.ug/1896/Swangz-Avenues-New-Singer-Azawi-Graduates-with-a-Bachelors-Degree "Swangz Avenue's New Singer Azawi Graduates with a Bachelor's Degree"]. ''blizz.co.ug''. 15 January 2020. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref> == Omulimu gwe == === Emirimu egyasooka === Emirimu gya Azawi yagitandika mu 2005&nbsp;ng'omuzinyi mu kibiina ekiyitibwa Kika dance Group.<ref name=":0" /> Baakola omulimu guno nga guluupu mu bifo ebiwerako. Emyaka ena egyaddirira, yayingira ekibiina ekirala ekiyitibwa Crane Performers nga bino byonna yabikola akyali mu ssomero. Oluvanyuma lw'okukizuula nti yali takola bulungi mu ssomero, ebyokuzina yasooka n'abiwummuza. Wabula mu kiseera ekyo yagenda e China enfunda bbiri nga bagenze okuzannya n'ekibiina kye. === Omulimu gw'okuyimba === Mu 2011, yatandika okuwandiika ennyimba, mu kusooka yakikolanga mu ngeri ya kinyumu, bwe yali tanakizuula nti asobola okukolamu ssente. Kitaawe yafa mu 2012, n'asigaza obuvunanyizibwa obw'okulabirira maamma we ne baganda be babiri, ekyamuleetera okukola omulimu gw'okuwandiika ennyimba n'ekigendererwa eky'okufunamu ssente.<ref name=":2" /> Ku myaka gye emito, Azawi yatandika okuwandiika ennyimba era obukugu bwe mu kuwandiika ennyimba kwamuleetera okusisinkana Omuyimbi Eddy Kenzo eyammuyamba okumugatta ku bayimbi abalala. Awandiikiddeko abayimbi nga Nina Rose, Lydia Jazmine, Carol Nantongo, Vinka, ne Eddy Kenzo. Azawi oluvanyuma yegatta ku bbandi emu ey'abayimbi mu 2015, era nga bwakola ogw'okuweereza mu kirabo ky'emmere ekyali kyakatandikibwawo Maama we. Bwe yava ku mulimu gw'okuweereza mu kirabo ky'emmere, yawandiika oluyimba "Quinamino" n'ekigendererwa eky'okulutunda, wabula bwe yalutwala mu Swangz Avenue omulundi gwe ogusooka, mu August 2019, ate gye yafunira omukisa okwegatta ku Kampuni eno ng'omuyimbi. Okuvaayo n'ategeerekeka obulungi mu bantu, kwaliwo mu January 2020 oluvanyumma lw'okufulumya oluyimba oluyitibwa Quinamino. Mu November 2020, abakulira, Swangz Avenue baamuwandiika era ne bamwanjulira abantu mu butongole nga yakafulumya oluyimba lumu mu January 2020. Mu kiseera kino akyali wansi wa Swangz Avenue n'ennyimba ezisoba mu 20. == Ennyimba ze == === Entambi z'ennyimba ze === * Lo Fit (2020) * African Music (2021) === Ezitafulumidde ku ntambi === # Gimme # Craving you heavy # Bamututte # Thankful ft Benon # Majje ft Fik Fameica, # Slow dancing # Face Me ft A Pass # Fwa Fwa Fwa # Ku Kido, # My Year # Tubatiisa # Party Mood # Nkuchekele ft Eddy Kenzo, # Love you is easy, # African Music # Ache for you. # Quinamino # Repeat it # Lo Fit # Crazy lover # Toast to 75 # Mbinyumirwa # Envision # Craving You Heavy Remix ft. Chike == Engule n'okusiimibwa == * Yawangula engule y'omuyimbi w'omwaka omukazi eya Janzi awards 2021 * Yawangula engule y'olutambi lw'omwaka olwasinga eya – ''African Music'' Janzi awards 2021 * Yawangula engule ya Afro Beat/Pop Artist Janzi awards 2021 * Engule y'omuyimbi w'omwaka eya Buzz Teeniez awards 2021<ref name=":3" /> * Engule y'omuyimbi omukazi asinze mu mwaka eya Buzz Teeniez awards 2021 * Engule y'omuwandiisi w'ennyimba asinze eya Teenz Hottest Songwriter Buzz Teeniez awards 2021 * Engule y'oluyimba olusinze mu mwaka eya Teenz Hottest Song of the year – ''‘Slow Dancing’'' Buzz Teeniez awards 2021<ref name=":3" /> * Yawangula eya vidiyo esinze eya Teenz Flyest video – ''‘Slow Dancing’ '' Buzz Teeniez awards 2021<ref name=":3" /> * Engule y'omuyimbi omukazi asinze mu mwaka eya Zzina Awards 2021/22 * Yawangula ey'omuwandiisi w'ennyimba asinze mu mwaka eya Best Song Writer of the year Zzina Awards 2021/22<ref name=":6" /> * Yawangula ey'oluyimba olwasinga okukwata ku mitima gy'abantu eya Best Inspirational Song – Majje ft Fik Fameica Zzina Awards 2021/22<ref name=":6" /> == Ebirala byakoze ne byatuseeko mu bulamu == Azawi kati akola nga omutumbuzi w'omwenge gwa Guinness, nga kino akikola n'omuyimbi Omunigeria Fireboy DML. Kino era kyeyolekera mu vidiyo ye ey'oluyimba MAJJE lwe yakola n'omuyimbi Fik Fameica. Azawi mu 2021 yalabikira ku ntimbe gaggadde okubeera abantu ab'ettuttumu okuli olwa New York ne Los Angelos "Times Square", n'afuuka omukazi munnayuganda eyasooka okulabikirako era Munnayuganda ow'okusatu oluvanyuma lwa Eddy Kenzo ne Bobi Wine. == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Category:Abayimbi]] 7abc017ntext5h76cqenv6toa2xpxsk 58707 58706 2026-07-03T21:53:01Z 24RAY 11014 /* Omulimu gw'okuyimba */ ngasseeko ebijuliziddwa 58707 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''<big>Priscilla Zawedde</big>''' (yazaalibwa nga 2 Ogwokubiri 1996) amanyikibwa nnyo nga Azawi, muyimbi-muwandiisi wa nnyimba, omuzinyi era [[Munnayuganda|Munnayuganda,]] ng'ayimbira mu kibiina ya [[Swangz Avenue]] eyamuwandiika mu 2019.<ref>Ray, Lee (2019-12-31). [https://www.routineblast.com/brand-new-swangz-avenue-set-date-to-release-new-signing-azawis-song/ "BRAND NEW: Swangz Avenue Set Date To Release New Signing, Azawi's Song"]. ''Routine Blast : Gossip, Showbiz, Breaking News in Uganda''. Retrieved 2023-02-19.</ref> Ayimba ennyimba ez'ekika kya Afrobeats<ref>Bm, B. (2021-10-11). [https://www.galaxyfm.co.ug/2021/10/11/african-music-by-azawi-is-the-album-of-the-year/ "African Music by Azawi is the Album of the year!"]. ''Galaxy FM 100.2''. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref> mu Luganda n'Oluzungu. Ye [[Munnayuganda]] omuyimbi omukyala eyasooka okulabikira ku ntimbe (billboards) okuli eya New York city "Times Square" ne Los Angelos.<ref>[http://nilepost.co.ug/2021/10/23/azawi-shines-brightest-on-billboards-in-new-york-and-london/ "Azawi shines brightest on billboards in New York and London]". ''Nile Post''. 2021-10-23. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref><ref>Witness, Eye (2021-10-23). [https://www.galaxyfm.co.ug/2021/10/23/azawi-becomes-the-third-ugandan-act-to-appear-on-time-square-in-new-york-after-kenzo-and-bobi-wine/ "Azawi becomes the first UG female artist to appear on Times Square]". ''Galaxy FM 100.2''. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Priscilla Zawedde yazaalibwa nga 2 Ogwokubiri 1996 mu Kampala. Bazadde be ye mugenzi Walusimbi Samuel ne Nakamatte Mary. Yagenda ku Buganda road primary mu kusoma kwe okwasooka,<ref name=":0">Okereke, Caleb (30 November 2020). [https://observer.ug/lifestyle/67567-meet-priscilla-zawedde-aka-azawi-uganda-s-rising-star "Meet Priscilla Zawedde aka Azawi, Uganda's rising star"]. ''The Observer – Uganda''. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref> oluvanyuma ne yegatta ku Mother Kevin Primary School mu disitulikiti y'e Mukono gye yamalira Pulayimale (P.7). Yegatta ku St Henry’s college e Ggangu Masajja, Lubiri secondary school, London college eNansana, St Janani Luwum secondary school gye yamalira Siniya ey'omukaaga (S.6), gye yava ne yeyongerayo ku Yunivasite y'e [[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|Makerere]] gye yafunira diguli mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>[https://mbu.ug/2020/06/24/i-almost-quit-my-course-at-campus-just-after-year-one-azawi-reveals/ "I almost quit my course at campus just after year one – Azawi reveals]". ''MBU''. 2020-06-24. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref><ref>[https://blizz.co.ug/1896/Swangz-Avenues-New-Singer-Azawi-Graduates-with-a-Bachelors-Degree "Swangz Avenue's New Singer Azawi Graduates with a Bachelor's Degree"]. ''blizz.co.ug''. 15 January 2020. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref> == Omulimu gwe == === Emirimu egyasooka === Emirimu gya Azawi yagitandika mu 2005&nbsp;ng'omuzinyi mu kibiina ekiyitibwa Kika dance Group.<ref name=":0" /> Baakola omulimu guno nga guluupu mu bifo ebiwerako. Emyaka ena egyaddirira, yayingira ekibiina ekirala ekiyitibwa Crane Performers nga bino byonna yabikola akyali mu ssomero. Oluvanyuma lw'okukizuula nti yali takola bulungi mu ssomero, ebyokuzina yasooka n'abiwummuza. Wabula mu kiseera ekyo yagenda e China enfunda bbiri nga bagenze okuzannya n'ekibiina kye. === Omulimu gw'okuyimba === Mu 2011, yatandika okuwandiika ennyimba,<ref>[https://www.okayafrica.com/azawi-uganda-music-interview/ "Interview: Meet Azawi, Uganda's Rising Star]". ''OkayAfrica''. 2020-11-19. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref> mu kusooka yakikolanga mu ngeri ya kinyumu, bwe yali tanakizuula nti asobola okukolamu ssente. Kitaawe yafa mu 2012, n'asigaza obuvunanyizibwa obw'okulabirira maamma we ne baganda be babiri, ekyamuleetera okukola omulimu gw'okuwandiika ennyimba n'ekigendererwa eky'okufunamu ssente.<ref name=":2" /> Ku myaka gye emito, Azawi yatandika okuwandiika ennyimba era obukugu bwe mu kuwandiika ennyimba kwamuleetera okusisinkana Omuyimbi Eddy Kenzo eyammuyamba okumugatta ku bayimbi abalala. Awandiikiddeko abayimbi nga Nina Rose, Lydia Jazmine, Carol Nantongo, Vinka, ne Eddy Kenzo. Azawi oluvanyuma yegatta ku bbandi emu ey'abayimbi mu 2015, era nga bwakola ogw'okuweereza mu kirabo ky'emmere ekyali kyakatandikibwawo Maama we. Bwe yava ku mulimu gw'okuweereza mu kirabo ky'emmere, yawandiika oluyimba "Quinamino" n'ekigendererwa eky'okulutunda, wabula bwe yalutwala mu Swangz Avenue omulundi gwe ogusooka, mu August 2019, ate gye yafunira omukisa okwegatta ku Kampuni eno ng'omuyimbi. Okuvaayo n'ategeerekeka obulungi mu bantu, kwaliwo mu January 2020 oluvanyumma lw'okufulumya oluyimba oluyitibwa Quinamino. Mu November 2020, abakulira, Swangz Avenue baamuwandiika era ne bamwanjulira abantu mu butongole nga yakafulumya oluyimba lumu mu January 2020. Mu kiseera kino akyali wansi wa Swangz Avenue n'ennyimba ezisoba mu 20. == Ennyimba ze == === Entambi z'ennyimba ze === * Lo Fit (2020) * African Music (2021) === Ezitafulumidde ku ntambi === # Gimme # Craving you heavy # Bamututte # Thankful ft Benon # Majje ft Fik Fameica, # Slow dancing # Face Me ft A Pass # Fwa Fwa Fwa # Ku Kido, # My Year # Tubatiisa # Party Mood # Nkuchekele ft Eddy Kenzo, # Love you is easy, # African Music # Ache for you. # Quinamino # Repeat it # Lo Fit # Crazy lover # Toast to 75 # Mbinyumirwa # Envision # Craving You Heavy Remix ft. Chike == Engule n'okusiimibwa == * Yawangula engule y'omuyimbi w'omwaka omukazi eya Janzi awards 2021 * Yawangula engule y'olutambi lw'omwaka olwasinga eya – ''African Music'' Janzi awards 2021 * Yawangula engule ya Afro Beat/Pop Artist Janzi awards 2021 * Engule y'omuyimbi w'omwaka eya Buzz Teeniez awards 2021<ref name=":3" /> * Engule y'omuyimbi omukazi asinze mu mwaka eya Buzz Teeniez awards 2021 * Engule y'omuwandiisi w'ennyimba asinze eya Teenz Hottest Songwriter Buzz Teeniez awards 2021 * Engule y'oluyimba olusinze mu mwaka eya Teenz Hottest Song of the year – ''‘Slow Dancing’'' Buzz Teeniez awards 2021<ref name=":3" /> * Yawangula eya vidiyo esinze eya Teenz Flyest video – ''‘Slow Dancing’ '' Buzz Teeniez awards 2021<ref name=":3" /> * Engule y'omuyimbi omukazi asinze mu mwaka eya Zzina Awards 2021/22 * Yawangula ey'omuwandiisi w'ennyimba asinze mu mwaka eya Best Song Writer of the year Zzina Awards 2021/22<ref name=":6" /> * Yawangula ey'oluyimba olwasinga okukwata ku mitima gy'abantu eya Best Inspirational Song – Majje ft Fik Fameica Zzina Awards 2021/22<ref name=":6" /> == Ebirala byakoze ne byatuseeko mu bulamu == Azawi kati akola nga omutumbuzi w'omwenge gwa Guinness, nga kino akikola n'omuyimbi Omunigeria Fireboy DML. Kino era kyeyolekera mu vidiyo ye ey'oluyimba MAJJE lwe yakola n'omuyimbi Fik Fameica. Azawi mu 2021 yalabikira ku ntimbe gaggadde okubeera abantu ab'ettuttumu okuli olwa New York ne Los Angelos "Times Square", n'afuuka omukazi munnayuganda eyasooka okulabikirako era Munnayuganda ow'okusatu oluvanyuma lwa Eddy Kenzo ne Bobi Wine. == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Category:Abayimbi]] ol03ujgvo1wwzg250jc1wkocdxh5o05 58709 58707 2026-07-03T21:56:02Z 24RAY 11014 /* Omulimu gw'okuyimba */ ngasseeko ebijuliziddwa 58709 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''<big>Priscilla Zawedde</big>''' (yazaalibwa nga 2 Ogwokubiri 1996) amanyikibwa nnyo nga Azawi, muyimbi-muwandiisi wa nnyimba, omuzinyi era [[Munnayuganda|Munnayuganda,]] ng'ayimbira mu kibiina ya [[Swangz Avenue]] eyamuwandiika mu 2019.<ref>Ray, Lee (2019-12-31). [https://www.routineblast.com/brand-new-swangz-avenue-set-date-to-release-new-signing-azawis-song/ "BRAND NEW: Swangz Avenue Set Date To Release New Signing, Azawi's Song"]. ''Routine Blast : Gossip, Showbiz, Breaking News in Uganda''. Retrieved 2023-02-19.</ref> Ayimba ennyimba ez'ekika kya Afrobeats<ref>Bm, B. (2021-10-11). [https://www.galaxyfm.co.ug/2021/10/11/african-music-by-azawi-is-the-album-of-the-year/ "African Music by Azawi is the Album of the year!"]. ''Galaxy FM 100.2''. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref> mu Luganda n'Oluzungu. Ye [[Munnayuganda]] omuyimbi omukyala eyasooka okulabikira ku ntimbe (billboards) okuli eya New York city "Times Square" ne Los Angelos.<ref>[http://nilepost.co.ug/2021/10/23/azawi-shines-brightest-on-billboards-in-new-york-and-london/ "Azawi shines brightest on billboards in New York and London]". ''Nile Post''. 2021-10-23. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref><ref>Witness, Eye (2021-10-23). [https://www.galaxyfm.co.ug/2021/10/23/azawi-becomes-the-third-ugandan-act-to-appear-on-time-square-in-new-york-after-kenzo-and-bobi-wine/ "Azawi becomes the first UG female artist to appear on Times Square]". ''Galaxy FM 100.2''. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Priscilla Zawedde yazaalibwa nga 2 Ogwokubiri 1996 mu Kampala. Bazadde be ye mugenzi Walusimbi Samuel ne Nakamatte Mary. Yagenda ku Buganda road primary mu kusoma kwe okwasooka,<ref name=":0">Okereke, Caleb (30 November 2020). [https://observer.ug/lifestyle/67567-meet-priscilla-zawedde-aka-azawi-uganda-s-rising-star "Meet Priscilla Zawedde aka Azawi, Uganda's rising star"]. ''The Observer – Uganda''. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref> oluvanyuma ne yegatta ku Mother Kevin Primary School mu disitulikiti y'e Mukono gye yamalira Pulayimale (P.7). Yegatta ku St Henry’s college e Ggangu Masajja, Lubiri secondary school, London college eNansana, St Janani Luwum secondary school gye yamalira Siniya ey'omukaaga (S.6), gye yava ne yeyongerayo ku Yunivasite y'e [[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|Makerere]] gye yafunira diguli mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>[https://mbu.ug/2020/06/24/i-almost-quit-my-course-at-campus-just-after-year-one-azawi-reveals/ "I almost quit my course at campus just after year one – Azawi reveals]". ''MBU''. 2020-06-24. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref><ref>[https://blizz.co.ug/1896/Swangz-Avenues-New-Singer-Azawi-Graduates-with-a-Bachelors-Degree "Swangz Avenue's New Singer Azawi Graduates with a Bachelor's Degree"]. ''blizz.co.ug''. 15 January 2020. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref> == Omulimu gwe == === Emirimu egyasooka === Emirimu gya Azawi yagitandika mu 2005&nbsp;ng'omuzinyi mu kibiina ekiyitibwa Kika dance Group.<ref name=":0" /> Baakola omulimu guno nga guluupu mu bifo ebiwerako. Emyaka ena egyaddirira, yayingira ekibiina ekirala ekiyitibwa Crane Performers nga bino byonna yabikola akyali mu ssomero. Oluvanyuma lw'okukizuula nti yali takola bulungi mu ssomero, ebyokuzina yasooka n'abiwummuza. Wabula mu kiseera ekyo yagenda e China enfunda bbiri nga bagenze okuzannya n'ekibiina kye. === Omulimu gw'okuyimba === Mu 2011, yatandika okuwandiika ennyimba,<ref>[https://www.okayafrica.com/azawi-uganda-music-interview/ "Interview: Meet Azawi, Uganda's Rising Star]". ''OkayAfrica''. 2020-11-19. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref> mu kusooka yakikolanga mu ngeri ya kinyumu, bwe yali tanakizuula nti asobola okukolamu ssente. Kitaawe yafa mu 2012, n'asigaza obuvunanyizibwa obw'okulabirira maamma we ne baganda be babiri, ekyamuleetera okukola omulimu gw'okuwandiika ennyimba n'ekigendererwa eky'okufunamu ssente.<ref name=":2" /> Ku myaka gye emito, Azawi yatandika okuwandiika ennyimba era obukugu bwe mu kuwandiika ennyimba kwamuleetera okusisinkana Omuyimbi Eddy Kenzo eyammuyamba okumugatta ku bayimbi abalala. Awandiikiddeko abayimbi nga Nina Rose, Lydia Jazmine, Carol Nantongo, Vinka, ne Eddy Kenzo.<ref>[https://www.musicinafrica.net/node/131119 "Azawi]". ''Music in Africa''. 2020-08-14. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref> Azawi oluvanyuma yegatta ku bbandi emu ey'abayimbi mu 2015, era nga bwakola ogw'okuweereza mu kirabo ky'emmere ekyali kyakatandikibwawo Maama we. Bwe yava ku mulimu gw'okuweereza mu kirabo ky'emmere, yawandiika oluyimba "Quinamino" n'ekigendererwa eky'okulutunda, wabula bwe yalutwala mu Swangz Avenue omulundi gwe ogusooka, mu August 2019, ate gye yafunira omukisa okwegatta ku Kampuni eno ng'omuyimbi. Okuvaayo n'ategeerekeka obulungi mu bantu, kwaliwo mu January 2020 oluvanyumma lw'okufulumya oluyimba oluyitibwa Quinamino. Mu November 2020, abakulira, Swangz Avenue baamuwandiika era ne bamwanjulira abantu mu butongole nga yakafulumya oluyimba lumu mu January 2020. Mu kiseera kino akyali wansi wa Swangz Avenue n'ennyimba ezisoba mu 20. == Ennyimba ze == === Entambi z'ennyimba ze === * Lo Fit (2020) * African Music (2021) === Ezitafulumidde ku ntambi === # Gimme # Craving you heavy # Bamututte # Thankful ft Benon # Majje ft Fik Fameica, # Slow dancing # Face Me ft A Pass # Fwa Fwa Fwa # Ku Kido, # My Year # Tubatiisa # Party Mood # Nkuchekele ft Eddy Kenzo, # Love you is easy, # African Music # Ache for you. # Quinamino # Repeat it # Lo Fit # Crazy lover # Toast to 75 # Mbinyumirwa # Envision # Craving You Heavy Remix ft. Chike == Engule n'okusiimibwa == * Yawangula engule y'omuyimbi w'omwaka omukazi eya Janzi awards 2021 * Yawangula engule y'olutambi lw'omwaka olwasinga eya – ''African Music'' Janzi awards 2021 * Yawangula engule ya Afro Beat/Pop Artist Janzi awards 2021 * Engule y'omuyimbi w'omwaka eya Buzz Teeniez awards 2021<ref name=":3" /> * Engule y'omuyimbi omukazi asinze mu mwaka eya Buzz Teeniez awards 2021 * Engule y'omuwandiisi w'ennyimba asinze eya Teenz Hottest Songwriter Buzz Teeniez awards 2021 * Engule y'oluyimba olusinze mu mwaka eya Teenz Hottest Song of the year – ''‘Slow Dancing’'' Buzz Teeniez awards 2021<ref name=":3" /> * Yawangula eya vidiyo esinze eya Teenz Flyest video – ''‘Slow Dancing’ '' Buzz Teeniez awards 2021<ref name=":3" /> * Engule y'omuyimbi omukazi asinze mu mwaka eya Zzina Awards 2021/22 * Yawangula ey'omuwandiisi w'ennyimba asinze mu mwaka eya Best Song Writer of the year Zzina Awards 2021/22<ref name=":6" /> * Yawangula ey'oluyimba olwasinga okukwata ku mitima gy'abantu eya Best Inspirational Song – Majje ft Fik Fameica Zzina Awards 2021/22<ref name=":6" /> == Ebirala byakoze ne byatuseeko mu bulamu == Azawi kati akola nga omutumbuzi w'omwenge gwa Guinness, nga kino akikola n'omuyimbi Omunigeria Fireboy DML. Kino era kyeyolekera mu vidiyo ye ey'oluyimba MAJJE lwe yakola n'omuyimbi Fik Fameica. Azawi mu 2021 yalabikira ku ntimbe gaggadde okubeera abantu ab'ettuttumu okuli olwa New York ne Los Angelos "Times Square", n'afuuka omukazi munnayuganda eyasooka okulabikirako era Munnayuganda ow'okusatu oluvanyuma lwa Eddy Kenzo ne Bobi Wine. == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Category:Abayimbi]] n69qzeqrdpmyu13stc2ugw2xplj04x7 58712 58709 2026-07-03T22:01:18Z 24RAY 11014 /* Omulimu gw'okuyimba */ ngasseeko ebijuliziddwa 58712 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''<big>Priscilla Zawedde</big>''' (yazaalibwa nga 2 Ogwokubiri 1996) amanyikibwa nnyo nga Azawi, muyimbi-muwandiisi wa nnyimba, omuzinyi era [[Munnayuganda|Munnayuganda,]] ng'ayimbira mu kibiina ya [[Swangz Avenue]] eyamuwandiika mu 2019.<ref>Ray, Lee (2019-12-31). [https://www.routineblast.com/brand-new-swangz-avenue-set-date-to-release-new-signing-azawis-song/ "BRAND NEW: Swangz Avenue Set Date To Release New Signing, Azawi's Song"]. ''Routine Blast : Gossip, Showbiz, Breaking News in Uganda''. Retrieved 2023-02-19.</ref> Ayimba ennyimba ez'ekika kya Afrobeats<ref>Bm, B. (2021-10-11). [https://www.galaxyfm.co.ug/2021/10/11/african-music-by-azawi-is-the-album-of-the-year/ "African Music by Azawi is the Album of the year!"]. ''Galaxy FM 100.2''. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref> mu Luganda n'Oluzungu. Ye [[Munnayuganda]] omuyimbi omukyala eyasooka okulabikira ku ntimbe (billboards) okuli eya New York city "Times Square" ne Los Angelos.<ref>[http://nilepost.co.ug/2021/10/23/azawi-shines-brightest-on-billboards-in-new-york-and-london/ "Azawi shines brightest on billboards in New York and London]". ''Nile Post''. 2021-10-23. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref><ref>Witness, Eye (2021-10-23). [https://www.galaxyfm.co.ug/2021/10/23/azawi-becomes-the-third-ugandan-act-to-appear-on-time-square-in-new-york-after-kenzo-and-bobi-wine/ "Azawi becomes the first UG female artist to appear on Times Square]". ''Galaxy FM 100.2''. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Priscilla Zawedde yazaalibwa nga 2 Ogwokubiri 1996 mu Kampala. Bazadde be ye mugenzi Walusimbi Samuel ne Nakamatte Mary. Yagenda ku Buganda road primary mu kusoma kwe okwasooka,<ref name=":0">Okereke, Caleb (30 November 2020). [https://observer.ug/lifestyle/67567-meet-priscilla-zawedde-aka-azawi-uganda-s-rising-star "Meet Priscilla Zawedde aka Azawi, Uganda's rising star"]. ''The Observer – Uganda''. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref> oluvanyuma ne yegatta ku Mother Kevin Primary School mu disitulikiti y'e Mukono gye yamalira Pulayimale (P.7). Yegatta ku St Henry’s college e Ggangu Masajja, Lubiri secondary school, London college eNansana, St Janani Luwum secondary school gye yamalira Siniya ey'omukaaga (S.6), gye yava ne yeyongerayo ku Yunivasite y'e [[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|Makerere]] gye yafunira diguli mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>[https://mbu.ug/2020/06/24/i-almost-quit-my-course-at-campus-just-after-year-one-azawi-reveals/ "I almost quit my course at campus just after year one – Azawi reveals]". ''MBU''. 2020-06-24. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref><ref>[https://blizz.co.ug/1896/Swangz-Avenues-New-Singer-Azawi-Graduates-with-a-Bachelors-Degree "Swangz Avenue's New Singer Azawi Graduates with a Bachelor's Degree"]. ''blizz.co.ug''. 15 January 2020. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref> == Omulimu gwe == === Emirimu egyasooka === Emirimu gya Azawi yagitandika mu 2005&nbsp;ng'omuzinyi mu kibiina ekiyitibwa Kika dance Group.<ref name=":0" /> Baakola omulimu guno nga guluupu mu bifo ebiwerako. Emyaka ena egyaddirira, yayingira ekibiina ekirala ekiyitibwa Crane Performers nga bino byonna yabikola akyali mu ssomero. Oluvanyuma lw'okukizuula nti yali takola bulungi mu ssomero, ebyokuzina yasooka n'abiwummuza. Wabula mu kiseera ekyo yagenda e China enfunda bbiri nga bagenze okuzannya n'ekibiina kye. === Omulimu gw'okuyimba === Mu 2011, yatandika okuwandiika ennyimba,<ref name=":1">[https://www.okayafrica.com/azawi-uganda-music-interview/ "Interview: Meet Azawi, Uganda's Rising Star]". ''OkayAfrica''. 2020-11-19. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref> mu kusooka yakikolanga mu ngeri ya kinyumu, bwe yali tanakizuula nti asobola okukolamu ssente. Kitaawe yafa mu 2012, n'asigaza obuvunanyizibwa obw'okulabirira maamma we ne baganda be babiri, ekyamuleetera okukola omulimu gw'okuwandiika ennyimba n'ekigendererwa eky'okufunamu ssente.<ref name=":1" /> Ku myaka gye emito, Azawi yatandika okuwandiika ennyimba era obukugu bwe mu kuwandiika ennyimba kwamuleetera okusisinkana Omuyimbi Eddy Kenzo eyammuyamba okumugatta ku bayimbi abalala. Awandiikiddeko abayimbi nga Nina Rose, Lydia Jazmine, Carol Nantongo, Vinka, ne Eddy Kenzo.<ref>[https://www.musicinafrica.net/node/131119 "Azawi]". ''Music in Africa''. 2020-08-14. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref> Azawi oluvanyuma yegatta ku bbandi emu ey'abayimbi mu 2015, era nga bwakola ogw'okuweereza mu kirabo ky'emmere ekyali kyakatandikibwawo Maama we.<ref name=":0" /> Bwe yava ku mulimu gw'okuweereza mu kirabo ky'emmere, yawandiika oluyimba "Quinamino" n'ekigendererwa eky'okulutunda,<ref>"[https://www.hardrockmedia.org/2021/09/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-azawi.html 10 Things you didn´t know about Azawi]". ''Hard Rock Media''. Retrieved 2022-03-25.</ref> wabula bwe yalutwala mu Swangz Avenue omulundi gwe ogusooka, mu August 2019, ate gye yafunira omukisa okwegatta ku Kampuni eno ng'omuyimbi.<ref name=":1" /> Okuvaayo n'ategeerekeka obulungi mu bantu, kwaliwo mu January 2020 oluvanyumma lw'okufulumya oluyimba oluyitibwa Quinamino. Mu November 2020, abakulira, Swangz Avenue baamuwandiika era ne bamwanjulira abantu mu butongole nga yakafulumya oluyimba lumu mu January 2020. Mu kiseera kino akyali wansi wa Swangz Avenue n'ennyimba ezisoba mu 20. == Ennyimba ze == === Entambi z'ennyimba ze === * Lo Fit (2020) * African Music (2021) === Ezitafulumidde ku ntambi === # Gimme # Craving you heavy # Bamututte # Thankful ft Benon # Majje ft Fik Fameica, # Slow dancing # Face Me ft A Pass # Fwa Fwa Fwa # Ku Kido, # My Year # Tubatiisa # Party Mood # Nkuchekele ft Eddy Kenzo, # Love you is easy, # African Music # Ache for you. # Quinamino # Repeat it # Lo Fit # Crazy lover # Toast to 75 # Mbinyumirwa # Envision # Craving You Heavy Remix ft. Chike == Engule n'okusiimibwa == * Yawangula engule y'omuyimbi w'omwaka omukazi eya Janzi awards 2021 * Yawangula engule y'olutambi lw'omwaka olwasinga eya – ''African Music'' Janzi awards 2021 * Yawangula engule ya Afro Beat/Pop Artist Janzi awards 2021 * Engule y'omuyimbi w'omwaka eya Buzz Teeniez awards 2021<ref name=":3" /> * Engule y'omuyimbi omukazi asinze mu mwaka eya Buzz Teeniez awards 2021 * Engule y'omuwandiisi w'ennyimba asinze eya Teenz Hottest Songwriter Buzz Teeniez awards 2021 * Engule y'oluyimba olusinze mu mwaka eya Teenz Hottest Song of the year – ''‘Slow Dancing’'' Buzz Teeniez awards 2021<ref name=":3" /> * Yawangula eya vidiyo esinze eya Teenz Flyest video – ''‘Slow Dancing’ '' Buzz Teeniez awards 2021<ref name=":3" /> * Engule y'omuyimbi omukazi asinze mu mwaka eya Zzina Awards 2021/22 * Yawangula ey'omuwandiisi w'ennyimba asinze mu mwaka eya Best Song Writer of the year Zzina Awards 2021/22<ref name=":6" /> * Yawangula ey'oluyimba olwasinga okukwata ku mitima gy'abantu eya Best Inspirational Song – Majje ft Fik Fameica Zzina Awards 2021/22<ref name=":6" /> == Ebirala byakoze ne byatuseeko mu bulamu == Azawi kati akola nga omutumbuzi w'omwenge gwa Guinness, nga kino akikola n'omuyimbi Omunigeria Fireboy DML. Kino era kyeyolekera mu vidiyo ye ey'oluyimba MAJJE lwe yakola n'omuyimbi Fik Fameica. Azawi mu 2021 yalabikira ku ntimbe gaggadde okubeera abantu ab'ettuttumu okuli olwa New York ne Los Angelos "Times Square", n'afuuka omukazi munnayuganda eyasooka okulabikirako era Munnayuganda ow'okusatu oluvanyuma lwa Eddy Kenzo ne Bobi Wine. == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Category:Abayimbi]] ga7aymgww2qybq1euh1fff98ca57fsi Grace Nakimera 0 8471 58651 56684 2026-07-03T20:45:01Z Samson Ssemakadde 6903 ngaseeko ebijuliziddwa 58651 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Grace Nakimera''' munnayuganda ayimba ennyimba z'eddiini, muzinyi, muyiiya era omuwandiisi w'ennyimba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=From Ani Akumanyi To Vawo Nawe Grace Nakimera Bio: Uganda Celebrities {{!}} Artists {{!}} HiPipo |url=http://www.hipipo.com/people/25/Grace-Nakimera/bio/30/From-Ani-Akumanyi-To-Vawo-nawe |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110124192213/http://www.hipipo.com/people/25/Grace-nakimera/bio/30/From-Ani-Akumanyi-To-Vawo-nawe |archive-date=2011-01-24 |access-date=2016-06-23 |website=HiPipo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 October 2012 |title=Grace Nakimera gets Kiboko Group deal |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1307769/grace-nakimera-kiboko-deal |access-date=2016-06-23 |website=New Vision}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Peacock |first=Kaweesa |date=2014-08-18 |title=Grace Nakimera leaves men pocketing at Golf Club Entebbe |url=http://www.campustimesug.com/grace-nakimera-leaves-men-pocketing-at-golf-club-entebbe/ |access-date=2016-06-23 |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Category:Articles with hCards]] == Okuyimba == Grace yatandika okuyimba ng'alina myaka musanvu. Yasobolanga okuyimbira mu myoleso gy'ebitone mu Kampala. Bwe yaweza emyaka 18, yagenda e Rwanda era okumala emyaka ebiri era n'ayimba n'ekibiina ky'abayimbi eky'omunda mu ggwanga eryo ku Mille collin hotel mu [[Kigali]], wooteeri eyo yafulumira mu firimu ya "Hotel Rwanda" ekwata ku kittabantu ekyaliwo mu ggwanga [[Rwanda]]. Mu mwaka gwa 2000, yakomawo e Kampala n'e yeegatta ku kibiina ky'abayimbi b'ekkanisa ya Christ the King Church. Mu 2004, eby'okuyimba yasooka n'abiyimirizaamu okumala ebbanga ggwanvu. Yakolagana n'abayimbi ababiri, Gatimo ne Paragon okukwata oluyimba olwacaaka ennyo mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]]. Abayimbi abo abasatu baawangula engule ya Pearl of Africa Music Awards 2004/5. Yatandika okuyimba yekka ng'ekibiina kisasise. Okuva ku olwo afulumizza ennyimba ez'enjawulo gamba nga, “Anfuukula,” “Kiva Kuki”, “Sukuma”, “Nvawo Nawe”, “Kawoonawo" n'oluyimba lw'eddiini olumanyiddwa nga, "Onyambanga." Nakimera era alina bizineesi ye era alina omwana ow'obuwala. == Ennyimba ze == === Ezeetengeredde === * Katika * Ani Akumanyi * Kawonawo * Nvawo Nawe * Mpola Mpola * Nkwagala Kufa * Sexy * Onyambanga mukama * Anfukuula * Kiva Kuki * Sukuma * Welaga Ki * Some More * Ntandika * Bumper ku Bumper * Nalo * Seesa * Baagala Kiki * Riziki Yo * Twala Byange * Tuseyeya === Entambi === * Kawonawo == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} by0ng96h2jy344gcs91120ifwkkwvvy Akite Agnes 0 9633 58632 48527 2026-07-03T20:06:51Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 added citations, corrected the grammar and de-wiki linked 58632 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akite Agnes''' (yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwokusatu 1983) Munnayuganda [[:en:Stand-up_comedy|omuzannyi wa Katemba ow'oku siteegi]], [[:en:Master_of_ceremonies|mwogezi w'oku mikolo]], era [[:en:Philanthropy|ayagala nyo okuyamba]]. Amanyiddwa nnyo olw'okuzannya nga Arach <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Nantaba |first=Agnes |date=19 October 2018 |title=Agnes Akite aka Arach on Funny Ugandans |url=https://southsudan.biz/uganda/2018/08/22/agnes-akite-aka-arach-on-funny-ugandans/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208124430/https://southsudan.biz/uganda/2018/08/22/agnes-akite-aka-arach-on-funny-ugandans/ |archive-date=8 December 2020 |access-date=19 October 2018 |website=Uganda News Archive}}</ref> mu firimu ya [[:en:The_Hostel_(TV_series)|The Hostel]]. Era yazannyirako mu firimu ya Pearl Magic's Girl from Mparo nga Mama Brian, muliraanwa alingiriza. Engeri ye eya Katemba ya kusaagirira ku nsonga eziruma abantu mu mbeera zaabwe eza bulijjo mu bulamu bwabwe. == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Agnes yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwokusatu 1983 mu [[Akite Agnes|Kampala,]] Uganda, mu maka ga Anthony Opio, omubalirizi w'ebitabo ne Hellen Opio. Ye mwana ow'okutaano mu baana mwenda,<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> bwe bazaalibwa. Yakulira Kitintale oluvannyuma n'adda e Mutungo, ebitundu ebiriraanye [[Kampala]]. Yakuzibwa nga [[Akite Agnes|Mukatoliki]] n'agenda mu St. Kizito Primary School, Bugolobi, gye yatuulira ebigezo bye eby'eky'omusanvu, era oluvannyuma yeegatta ku Our Lady of Good counsel, Gayaza gye yamalira siniya.Ebigezo ebya Siniya Eyookuna yabituulira ku Naalya S.S Namugongo oluvannyuma nadda ku St.Lawrence reamland Campus nga eno gyeyatuulira ebigezo ebya Siniya Eyoomukaaga oba UACE. Oluvannyuma yayingira [[Akite Agnes|Makerere University]] mu 2003 gye yafunira diguli esooka mu by'obulambuzi.<ref name="monitor">{{Cite web |title=Comedienne Agnes Akite's complicated path to stardom |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Comedienne-Agnes-Akite-complicated-path-stardom/689842-4984156-158g348z/index.html |access-date=1 June 2019 |website=Daily Monitor}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Mu 2009, Agnes yatuukirirwa [[Anne Kansiime|Anne]] Kansiime okuzannya mu firimu empya eyitibwa The Hostel oluvannyuma lwa mukwano gwe, Pamela, okugigaana. Yaweebwa ekifo kya Arach nga tasoose kugezesebwa.<ref name=":0">{{cite podcast|last=Anthony|first=Luke|title=Agnes Akite - Uganda Special|website=The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast|date=7 April 2019|url=https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|accessdate=9 April 2019|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531161219/https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Eno y'eyali entandikwa y'omulimu gwe ogw'okuzannya katemba. Omuzannyo Hostel gwali gwamanyibwa nyo mu Uganda, nga gwasook kulagibwa ku NTV ate oluvannyuma ku [[DStv]]. Agnes yasigala mu mizannyo guno ogw'okusiteegi emirundi esatu n'avaamu mu 2012 ng'ateekateeka okuzaala omwana we ow'okubiri, Brianna. [citation needed] Mu 2014, yatandika okuzannya emizannyo mu kibiin a ekiyitibwa The Punchliners, oluvannyuma lw'okusendebwasendebwa [[:en:Anne_Kansiime|Anne Kansiime]] ne Daniel Omara okugezaako okuzannya Katemba ow'okusiteegi.<ref name=":02">{{cite podcast|last=Anthony|first=Luke|title=Agnes Akite - Uganda Special|website=The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast|date=7 April 2019|url=https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|accessdate=9 April 2019|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531161219/https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="monitor2">{{Cite web |title=Comedienne Agnes Akite's complicated path to stardom |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Comedienne-Agnes-Akite-complicated-path-stardom/689842-4984156-158g348z/index.html |access-date=1 June 2019 |website=Daily Monitor}}</ref> Oluvannyuma yegatta ku Comedy Files. Mu 2015, y'omu ku baazannya Queens of Comedy Uganda vs Kings of Comedy Rwanda mu Kigali. Mu 2016, yalabikira mu Girl from Mparo nga Mama Brian, omuzannyo ogwalagibwanga ku UBC<ref>{{Cite web |title=Girl From Mparo |url=https://ubc.ug/index.php/timetable/event/mparo/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121161802/https://ubc.ug/index.php/timetable/event/mparo/ |archive-date=21 November 2018 |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Uganda Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref> n'oluvannyuma ne guteekebwa ku DSTV's Pearl Magic. Mu 2018, endagaano ye ne Comedy Files ng'eweddeko, Agnes yatandika okukola emirimu gye obwomu ku mikutu gya katemba egy'enjawulo, omuli Rock Comedy ne Comedy Store Ug, ayanjulibwa [[:en:Alex_Muhangi|Alex Muhangi]]. Mu mwezi Ogw'omukaaga, yalabika mu kivulu ekya Kampala Comedy, ogwategekebwa Okello Okello, munnakatemba omwatuukirivu mu Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Atungisa |first=Don |date=2 July 2018 |title=PHOTOS: How it Went Down at the Inaugural Kampala Comedy Festival |url=https://pulse.mtn.co.ug/photos-how-it-went-down-at-the-inaugural-kampala-comedy-festival%20) |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=3 October 2018 |website=MTN Pulse}} - {{Cite web |last=Nakassanje |first=Winnie |date=5 July 2018 |title=The First Ever Kampala Comedy Festival Reveals New Internationals |url=https://kampalasun.co.ug/2018/07/05/the-first-ever-kampala-comedy-festival-reveales-new-international/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121203732/https://kampalasun.co.ug/2018/07/05/the-first-ever-kampala-comedy-festival-reveales-new-international/ |archive-date=21 November 2018 |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=The Kampala Sun}}</ref> Bwe yakomawo mu Comedy Stores UG mu Ogw'omunaana, yakwata abantu omubabiro.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ampurire |first=Paul |date=20 July 2018 |title=Comedienne Agned Arach Impresses Revellers on Comedy Store |url=https://www.softpower.ug/comedienne-agnes-arach-impresses-revellers-on-comedy-store/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Soft Power News}}</ref> Ekitundu ky'omuzannyo ogwo kyayatiikirira nnyo ku mukutu ogwa ''[[:en:WhatsApp|WhatsApp]]'', gye yatenderezebwa ennyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ampurire |first=Paul |date=20 July 2018 |title=Comedienne Agned Arach Impresses Revellers on Comedy Store |url=https://www.softpower.ug/comedienne-agnes-arach-impresses-revellers-on-comedy-store/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Soft Power News}}</ref> Yagamba nti omuzannyo guno gwali gumanyiddwa nnyo olw'omulimu gwa Comedy Store gwe yakola ku mikutu emigatta bantu, ne Kakensa Media, olwokubeera n'abagoberezi abangi ku Facebook.<ref name=":03">{{cite podcast|last=Anthony|first=Luke|title=Agnes Akite - Uganda Special|website=The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast|date=7 April 2019|url=https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|accessdate=9 April 2019|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531161219/https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wakati w'Ogwomunaana n'Ogwekkuminoogumu, Agnes yali omu ku ba UG Pineapple Comedy Tour, ekyamutwala mu bitundu by'eggwanga eby'enjawulo omuli [[:en:Mbale|Mbale]], [[Gulu]], [[Fort Portal]], [[Jinja]], ne [[:en:Mbarara|Mbarara]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oneal |first=Nicholas |date=1 August 2018 |title=Kampala Comedians Thrill Mbale Residents |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1482561/kampala-comedians-thrill-mbale-residents |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=New Vision}} - {{Cite web |last=Emorut |first=Brian |date=19 September 2018 |title=Gulu Comedy Fans Embrace Ug Pineapple |url=http://guide2uganda.ug/weekend-buzz-gulu-comedy-fans-embrace-ug-pineapple-comedy-tour/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Guide 2 Uganda}} - {{Cite web |last=Shantel |first=Denzel |date=21 November 2018 |title=Jinja Comedy Fans Get a Taste of the New Ug Pineapple |url=https://www.showbizuganda.com/jinja-comedy-fans-get-a-taste-of-the-new-ug-pineapple/?pr=70278&lang=en |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=Showbiz Uganda}} - {{Cite web |last=Abenaitwe |first=Cliff |date=21 November 2018 |title=Fanfare at the Mbarara Ug Pineapple Comedy Tour |url=https://mbararanews.co.ug/fanfare-at-the-mbarara-ug-pineapple-comedy-tour-lf/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=Mbarara News}}</ref> Yali omu ku baali mu kibinja kya Comedy Store Ug ekyagenda e Mbarara okuzannya emizannyo gyayo egisookera ddala ebweru wa Kampala.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ampurire |first=Paul |date=25 September 2018 |title=PICTORIAL: MC Mariachi Wows Mbarara During Comedy Store's Tour |url=https://www.softpower.ug/pictorial-mc-mariachi-wows-mbarara-during-comedy-stores-tour/ |access-date=26 September 2019 |website=SoftPower News}}</ref> Agnes yalabikira omulundi ogwasooka mu kitundu eky'okuna ekya ''Africa'' Laughs nga 8 Ogwekkumi mu [[:en:Kampala_Serena_Hotel|Kampala Serena Hotel]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Larubi |first=Robert |date=9 October 2018 |title=Africa Laughs Season 4 Drama and Humour Leaves Revellers in Tears |url=https://www.softpower.ug/africa-laughs-season-4-drama-and-humour-leave-revelers-in-tears/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=Soft Power News}} - {{Cite web |last= |first= |date=10 October 2018 |title=Africa Laughs Season 4 Leaves Uganda Dying with Laughter |url=http://www.ghafla.com/ug/africa-laughs-season-4-leaves-uganda-dying-with-laughter/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=12 October 2018 |website=Ghafla}} - {{Cite web |last=Matooke |first=Republic |date=9 October 2018 |title=Drama and Rib Cracking Laughter Light Up Africa Laughs Season 4 |url=https://matookerepublic.com/2018/10/09/drama-and-rib-cracking-humour-light-up-africa-laughs-season-4/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> eyategekebwa [[:en:Patrick_Salvador_Idringi|Patrick Salvador Idringi]], n'abazannyi ba katemba abalala okwali [[:en:Basketmouth|Basketmouth]], Alfred Kainga, [[:en:Eddie_Kadi|Eddie Kadi]], Mc Jesse, Pulofeesa Haimo, ne Arthur Nkusi. Mu Gwekkumineebiri, yaddamu okuzannya, ku mulundi guno ng'ali ne [[:en:Fun_Factory_Uganda|Fun Factory]] mu firimu ez'ebitundu eziragibwa ku TV eyitibwa ''Mizigo Express'', nga muganzi wa Sam. Ku ntandikwa ey'Ogwokusatu 2019, Agnes yatandikawo era n'atongoza [[:en:Fun_Factory_Uganda|Arise Woman!]] [[:en:Fun_Factory_Uganda|Comedy Jam]]<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref>ku [[:en:International_Women's_Day|lunaku lw'abakyala olw'ensi yonna]]. Mu kukuza olunaku lw'okuwummula, omuzannyo gwaliko abakazi bonna abazannyi aba Katemba,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kulanyi |first=Rachael |date=11 March 2019 |title=Female comedians celebrate Women's day in a comedy show dubbed 'Arise Woman Comedy Jam |url=https://matookerepublic.com/2019/03/11/female-comedians-celebrate-womens-day-in-a-comedy-show-dubbed-arise-woman-comedy-jam/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=12 March 2019 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> omwali Nancy Kobusheshe, Maggie the Bwaiserian, Rich Mouth, Dora Nakagga, Leila Kachapizo, n'abakyala ba Fun Factory. Ekitundu ky'ensimbi ezaava mu lulaga luno zaweebwa eri abetaaga obuyambi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Emuk |first=Benjamen |date=9 March 2019 |title=Ugandan Female Comics Dedicate 'Arise Woman Comedy Jam' Show to Charity |url=https://life.chimpreports.com/ugandan-female-comics-dedicate-arise-woman-comedy-jam-show-to-charity/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402081323/https://life.chimpreports.com/ugandan-female-comics-dedicate-arise-woman-comedy-jam-show-to-charity/ |archive-date=2 April 2019 |access-date=12 March 2019 |website=Chimp Reports}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'Ogwokusatu, Agnes yaddayo e Kigali ng'ali mu Seka Fest, n'abazannyi abalala okuva mu Uganda, Kenya, ne Nigeria.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Batte |first=Edgar. R |date=1 April 2019 |title=Ugandan comedians shine at Kigali's Seka fest |url=http://www.sqoop.co.ug/201904/news/events/ugandan-comedians-shine-at-kigalis-seka-fest.html |access-date=2 April 2019 |website=Sqoop}}</ref> Mu Gwokuna, yalabikira mu The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast, eyalagibwa ''omukubi'' wa firimu Luke Anthony ng'ekitundu kya Uganda Special.<ref name=":04">{{cite podcast|last=Anthony|first=Luke|title=Agnes Akite - Uganda Special|website=The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast|date=7 April 2019|url=https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|accessdate=9 April 2019|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531161219/https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mu Gwomusanvu 2019, yali omu ku bannakatemba ba Uganda abeetaba mu Laugh Festival mu Nairobi, Kenya,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nkurunzinza |first=James Peter |date=5 July 2019 |title=Rwandan comedian to perform at the 'Laugh Festival' in Nairobi |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/rwandan-comedian-perform-laugh-festival-nairobi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725035756/https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/rwandan-comedian-perform-laugh-festival-nairobi |archive-date=25 July 2019 |access-date=6 October 2019 |website=The New Times}} - {{Cite web |last=Zuri |first=Admin |date=24 July 2019 |title=International Laugh Festival (3rd Edition) |url=https://zurinews.com/laugh-festival-3-in-back-the-comedy-heist-full-infor/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925081054/https://zurinews.com/laugh-festival-3-in-back-the-comedy-heist-full-infor/ |archive-date=25 September 2019 |access-date=25 September 2019 |website=Zuri News}} - {{Cite web |last=Ngigi |first=Elizabeth |date=26 July 2019 |title=Laugh Festival Back for Round 3 |url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/sasa/word-is/2019-07-26-laugh-festival-back-for-round-3/ |access-date=25 September 2019 |website=The Star}} - {{Cite web |last=Kagonye |first=Fredrick |date=20 July 2019 |title=Wamlambez Dominates Laugh Festival |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001335745/wamlambez-dominates-laugh-festival |access-date=25 September 2019 |website=Standard Digital}}</ref> ate mu Gw'omwenda, yazannya mu Uganda North America Association Convention mu Chicago. Mu Gwekkumineebiri, ye yakulemberamu omukolo gwa One Africa Festival, ng'agezaako okulwanyisa obukyayi mu [[Port Elizabeth]], South Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 December 2019 |title=Comedy show fight against xenophobia |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/Local/PE-Express/comedy-show-fight-against-xenophobia-20191216 |access-date=26 December 2019 |website=News24}}</ref> Agnes yagenda mu maaso naategeka olulaga lwa ''Arise Woman Comedy Jam'' ''mu Gwokusatu 2020 era nga yaliwamu n'abakazi abalala okuva mu'' [[Fun Factory Uganda]] wamu ne [[Anne Kansiime]] n'abalala.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Matooke |first=Republic |date=4 March 2020 |title=Season Two of Arise Women Comedy Jam set to crack ribs this Friday – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20200304/season-two-of-arise-women-comedy-jam-set-to-crack-ribs-this-friday/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> Mu Ogw'omwenda 2022, Agnes ye yaweebwa ekyokuba muzannyi eyaggulawo olulaga mu ''Africa Laughs'' eya [[Patrick Salvador Idringi|Patrick Salvado Idringi]] ey'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ampurire |first=Paul |date=31 October 2022 |title=Africa Laughs 6 succeeds in debunking the stereotypes tagged on Uganda's stand-up |url=https://pluggedaily.com/2022/10/31/africa-laughs-6-succeeds-in-debunking-the-stereotypes-tagged-on-ugandas-standup/ |access-date=3 November 2022 |website=Plugged}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Namutebi |first=Phiona |date=26 October 2022 |title=Africa Laughs comedy show is back at Kololo Airstrip |url=https://capitalradio.co.ug/entertainment/2022-10-26-africa-laughs-comedy-show-is-back-at-kololo-airstrip/ |access-date=3 November 2022 |website=Capital Radio}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 October 2022 |title=Africa Laughs returns with comedic masterpiece |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/africa-laughs-returns-with-comedic-masterpiece/ |access-date=3 November 2022 |website=The Independent Uganda}}</ref> Nga 23 Ogwekkumi 2024 yategeka olulaga lwe yekka ku National Theatre lwe yatuuma Son of Opio.<ref name=":14">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> [[File:Fun_Factory_Ladies.jpg|alt=|thumb|257x257px|Abakyala okuva mu [[:en:Fun_Factory_Uganda|Fun Factory]] nga baliko akatundu katemba gwebakola mu lulaga olwa mu Arise Woman]] == Sitayiro ye eya Katemba == Enkola ya Agnes ey'okuzanyira ku siteegi ya Katemba ow'okwetegereza, mwatunuulira embeera eyewuunyisa mu bulamu bw'omuntu. Era olumu akozesa embeera ey'okwenyooma. Yeewala eby'obufuzi. == Obulamu bwe obw'omunda == Agnes mwana wakutaano<ref name=":15">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> mu maka agalimu abalenzi babiri, Richard ne Emmanuel, ne bagandabe mukaaga,Cathy, Grace, Mary, Susan, Harriet, ne Doreen. Muzadde wa baana babiri, Noel ne Brianna, era alina enkolagana ne Brian Makalama. Mukatoliki era asabira mu Kkanisa eya Our Lady of Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baike |first=Prisca |title=Comedian Agnes Akite has Bone to Pick with Minister Lokodo |url=https://www.observer.ug/lifestyle/43766-comedian-agnes-akite-has-bone-to-pick-with-minister-lokodo |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120095434/https://www.observer.ug/lifestyle/43766-comedian-agnes-akite-has-bone-to-pick-with-minister-lokodo |archive-date=20 November 2018 |access-date=19 October 2018 |website=The Observer |location=Uganda}}</ref> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri, yalumbibwa naakubwa ababbi bwe yali ava e Najjeera ku lulaga ekiro era yalumizibwa n'ekiwudu ku mutwe wamu n'ebinuubule ku liiso.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mwesigwa |first=Solomon |date=14 November 2023 |title=Comedienne Agnes Akite attacked and robbed by thugs after a quiz night session |url=https://mbu.ug/2023/11/14/agnes-akite-comedienne-robbed/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=MBU}}</ref> == Obuyambi bw'abantu == Agnes y'omu ku batandisi era akulira ekitongole ekya Arise Woman Foundation,<ref name=":16">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> ekirwanirira n'okuzzaamu amaanyi n'essuubi abakazi n'abavubuka. [citation needed] Ensimbi eziva mu kibiina ekya Arise Women! Comedy Jam ziweebwa eri Home of Hope, Jinja. [citation needed] == Firimu ze == {| class="wikitable" |+Emirundi gy'alabise ng'azannya mu firimu ne ttivi !Omwaka !Ekitiibwa !Omulimu gwe !Olukalala !Ebyafaayo |- |2009-2012 |''The Hostel'' |Envubu |NTV Uganda, DStv Africa Magic Entertainment, ZUKU TV, ne NTV KENYA | |- |2016 |Girl from Mparo |Maama Brian |[[Uganda Broadcasting Corporation|UBC]], DStv Pearl Magic | |- |2018 kati |''Mizigo Express'' |Muganzi wa Sam |DStv- Pearl Magi | |} == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * Akite Agnes at IMDb [[Category:Bannakatemba]] ez2z5y4j0oiv7suqf4rd2wqaei3l2na 58633 58632 2026-07-03T20:08:11Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 added a category 58633 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akite Agnes''' (yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwokusatu 1983) Munnayuganda [[:en:Stand-up_comedy|omuzannyi wa Katemba ow'oku siteegi]], [[:en:Master_of_ceremonies|mwogezi w'oku mikolo]], era [[:en:Philanthropy|ayagala nyo okuyamba]]. Amanyiddwa nnyo olw'okuzannya nga Arach <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Nantaba |first=Agnes |date=19 October 2018 |title=Agnes Akite aka Arach on Funny Ugandans |url=https://southsudan.biz/uganda/2018/08/22/agnes-akite-aka-arach-on-funny-ugandans/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208124430/https://southsudan.biz/uganda/2018/08/22/agnes-akite-aka-arach-on-funny-ugandans/ |archive-date=8 December 2020 |access-date=19 October 2018 |website=Uganda News Archive}}</ref> mu firimu ya [[:en:The_Hostel_(TV_series)|The Hostel]]. Era yazannyirako mu firimu ya Pearl Magic's Girl from Mparo nga Mama Brian, muliraanwa alingiriza. Engeri ye eya Katemba ya kusaagirira ku nsonga eziruma abantu mu mbeera zaabwe eza bulijjo mu bulamu bwabwe. == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Agnes yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwokusatu 1983 mu [[Akite Agnes|Kampala,]] Uganda, mu maka ga Anthony Opio, omubalirizi w'ebitabo ne Hellen Opio. Ye mwana ow'okutaano mu baana mwenda,<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> bwe bazaalibwa. Yakulira Kitintale oluvannyuma n'adda e Mutungo, ebitundu ebiriraanye [[Kampala]]. Yakuzibwa nga [[Akite Agnes|Mukatoliki]] n'agenda mu St. Kizito Primary School, Bugolobi, gye yatuulira ebigezo bye eby'eky'omusanvu, era oluvannyuma yeegatta ku Our Lady of Good counsel, Gayaza gye yamalira siniya.Ebigezo ebya Siniya Eyookuna yabituulira ku Naalya S.S Namugongo oluvannyuma nadda ku St.Lawrence reamland Campus nga eno gyeyatuulira ebigezo ebya Siniya Eyoomukaaga oba UACE. Oluvannyuma yayingira [[Akite Agnes|Makerere University]] mu 2003 gye yafunira diguli esooka mu by'obulambuzi.<ref name="monitor">{{Cite web |title=Comedienne Agnes Akite's complicated path to stardom |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Comedienne-Agnes-Akite-complicated-path-stardom/689842-4984156-158g348z/index.html |access-date=1 June 2019 |website=Daily Monitor}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Mu 2009, Agnes yatuukirirwa [[Anne Kansiime|Anne]] Kansiime okuzannya mu firimu empya eyitibwa The Hostel oluvannyuma lwa mukwano gwe, Pamela, okugigaana. Yaweebwa ekifo kya Arach nga tasoose kugezesebwa.<ref name=":0">{{cite podcast|last=Anthony|first=Luke|title=Agnes Akite - Uganda Special|website=The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast|date=7 April 2019|url=https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|accessdate=9 April 2019|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531161219/https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Eno y'eyali entandikwa y'omulimu gwe ogw'okuzannya katemba. Omuzannyo Hostel gwali gwamanyibwa nyo mu Uganda, nga gwasook kulagibwa ku NTV ate oluvannyuma ku [[DStv]]. Agnes yasigala mu mizannyo guno ogw'okusiteegi emirundi esatu n'avaamu mu 2012 ng'ateekateeka okuzaala omwana we ow'okubiri, Brianna. [citation needed] Mu 2014, yatandika okuzannya emizannyo mu kibiin a ekiyitibwa The Punchliners, oluvannyuma lw'okusendebwasendebwa [[:en:Anne_Kansiime|Anne Kansiime]] ne Daniel Omara okugezaako okuzannya Katemba ow'okusiteegi.<ref name=":02">{{cite podcast|last=Anthony|first=Luke|title=Agnes Akite - Uganda Special|website=The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast|date=7 April 2019|url=https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|accessdate=9 April 2019|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531161219/https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="monitor2">{{Cite web |title=Comedienne Agnes Akite's complicated path to stardom |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Comedienne-Agnes-Akite-complicated-path-stardom/689842-4984156-158g348z/index.html |access-date=1 June 2019 |website=Daily Monitor}}</ref> Oluvannyuma yegatta ku Comedy Files. Mu 2015, y'omu ku baazannya Queens of Comedy Uganda vs Kings of Comedy Rwanda mu Kigali. Mu 2016, yalabikira mu Girl from Mparo nga Mama Brian, omuzannyo ogwalagibwanga ku UBC<ref>{{Cite web |title=Girl From Mparo |url=https://ubc.ug/index.php/timetable/event/mparo/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121161802/https://ubc.ug/index.php/timetable/event/mparo/ |archive-date=21 November 2018 |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Uganda Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref> n'oluvannyuma ne guteekebwa ku DSTV's Pearl Magic. Mu 2018, endagaano ye ne Comedy Files ng'eweddeko, Agnes yatandika okukola emirimu gye obwomu ku mikutu gya katemba egy'enjawulo, omuli Rock Comedy ne Comedy Store Ug, ayanjulibwa [[:en:Alex_Muhangi|Alex Muhangi]]. Mu mwezi Ogw'omukaaga, yalabika mu kivulu ekya Kampala Comedy, ogwategekebwa Okello Okello, munnakatemba omwatuukirivu mu Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Atungisa |first=Don |date=2 July 2018 |title=PHOTOS: How it Went Down at the Inaugural Kampala Comedy Festival |url=https://pulse.mtn.co.ug/photos-how-it-went-down-at-the-inaugural-kampala-comedy-festival%20) |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=3 October 2018 |website=MTN Pulse}} - {{Cite web |last=Nakassanje |first=Winnie |date=5 July 2018 |title=The First Ever Kampala Comedy Festival Reveals New Internationals |url=https://kampalasun.co.ug/2018/07/05/the-first-ever-kampala-comedy-festival-reveales-new-international/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121203732/https://kampalasun.co.ug/2018/07/05/the-first-ever-kampala-comedy-festival-reveales-new-international/ |archive-date=21 November 2018 |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=The Kampala Sun}}</ref> Bwe yakomawo mu Comedy Stores UG mu Ogw'omunaana, yakwata abantu omubabiro.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ampurire |first=Paul |date=20 July 2018 |title=Comedienne Agned Arach Impresses Revellers on Comedy Store |url=https://www.softpower.ug/comedienne-agnes-arach-impresses-revellers-on-comedy-store/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Soft Power News}}</ref> Ekitundu ky'omuzannyo ogwo kyayatiikirira nnyo ku mukutu ogwa ''[[:en:WhatsApp|WhatsApp]]'', gye yatenderezebwa ennyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ampurire |first=Paul |date=20 July 2018 |title=Comedienne Agned Arach Impresses Revellers on Comedy Store |url=https://www.softpower.ug/comedienne-agnes-arach-impresses-revellers-on-comedy-store/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Soft Power News}}</ref> Yagamba nti omuzannyo guno gwali gumanyiddwa nnyo olw'omulimu gwa Comedy Store gwe yakola ku mikutu emigatta bantu, ne Kakensa Media, olwokubeera n'abagoberezi abangi ku Facebook.<ref name=":03">{{cite podcast|last=Anthony|first=Luke|title=Agnes Akite - Uganda Special|website=The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast|date=7 April 2019|url=https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|accessdate=9 April 2019|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531161219/https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wakati w'Ogwomunaana n'Ogwekkuminoogumu, Agnes yali omu ku ba UG Pineapple Comedy Tour, ekyamutwala mu bitundu by'eggwanga eby'enjawulo omuli [[:en:Mbale|Mbale]], [[Gulu]], [[Fort Portal]], [[Jinja]], ne [[:en:Mbarara|Mbarara]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oneal |first=Nicholas |date=1 August 2018 |title=Kampala Comedians Thrill Mbale Residents |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1482561/kampala-comedians-thrill-mbale-residents |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=New Vision}} - {{Cite web |last=Emorut |first=Brian |date=19 September 2018 |title=Gulu Comedy Fans Embrace Ug Pineapple |url=http://guide2uganda.ug/weekend-buzz-gulu-comedy-fans-embrace-ug-pineapple-comedy-tour/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Guide 2 Uganda}} - {{Cite web |last=Shantel |first=Denzel |date=21 November 2018 |title=Jinja Comedy Fans Get a Taste of the New Ug Pineapple |url=https://www.showbizuganda.com/jinja-comedy-fans-get-a-taste-of-the-new-ug-pineapple/?pr=70278&lang=en |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=Showbiz Uganda}} - {{Cite web |last=Abenaitwe |first=Cliff |date=21 November 2018 |title=Fanfare at the Mbarara Ug Pineapple Comedy Tour |url=https://mbararanews.co.ug/fanfare-at-the-mbarara-ug-pineapple-comedy-tour-lf/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=Mbarara News}}</ref> Yali omu ku baali mu kibinja kya Comedy Store Ug ekyagenda e Mbarara okuzannya emizannyo gyayo egisookera ddala ebweru wa Kampala.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ampurire |first=Paul |date=25 September 2018 |title=PICTORIAL: MC Mariachi Wows Mbarara During Comedy Store's Tour |url=https://www.softpower.ug/pictorial-mc-mariachi-wows-mbarara-during-comedy-stores-tour/ |access-date=26 September 2019 |website=SoftPower News}}</ref> Agnes yalabikira omulundi ogwasooka mu kitundu eky'okuna ekya ''Africa'' Laughs nga 8 Ogwekkumi mu [[:en:Kampala_Serena_Hotel|Kampala Serena Hotel]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Larubi |first=Robert |date=9 October 2018 |title=Africa Laughs Season 4 Drama and Humour Leaves Revellers in Tears |url=https://www.softpower.ug/africa-laughs-season-4-drama-and-humour-leave-revelers-in-tears/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=Soft Power News}} - {{Cite web |last= |first= |date=10 October 2018 |title=Africa Laughs Season 4 Leaves Uganda Dying with Laughter |url=http://www.ghafla.com/ug/africa-laughs-season-4-leaves-uganda-dying-with-laughter/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=12 October 2018 |website=Ghafla}} - {{Cite web |last=Matooke |first=Republic |date=9 October 2018 |title=Drama and Rib Cracking Laughter Light Up Africa Laughs Season 4 |url=https://matookerepublic.com/2018/10/09/drama-and-rib-cracking-humour-light-up-africa-laughs-season-4/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> eyategekebwa [[:en:Patrick_Salvador_Idringi|Patrick Salvador Idringi]], n'abazannyi ba katemba abalala okwali [[:en:Basketmouth|Basketmouth]], Alfred Kainga, [[:en:Eddie_Kadi|Eddie Kadi]], Mc Jesse, Pulofeesa Haimo, ne Arthur Nkusi. Mu Gwekkumineebiri, yaddamu okuzannya, ku mulundi guno ng'ali ne [[:en:Fun_Factory_Uganda|Fun Factory]] mu firimu ez'ebitundu eziragibwa ku TV eyitibwa ''Mizigo Express'', nga muganzi wa Sam. Ku ntandikwa ey'Ogwokusatu 2019, Agnes yatandikawo era n'atongoza [[:en:Fun_Factory_Uganda|Arise Woman!]] [[:en:Fun_Factory_Uganda|Comedy Jam]]<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref>ku [[:en:International_Women's_Day|lunaku lw'abakyala olw'ensi yonna]]. Mu kukuza olunaku lw'okuwummula, omuzannyo gwaliko abakazi bonna abazannyi aba Katemba,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kulanyi |first=Rachael |date=11 March 2019 |title=Female comedians celebrate Women's day in a comedy show dubbed 'Arise Woman Comedy Jam |url=https://matookerepublic.com/2019/03/11/female-comedians-celebrate-womens-day-in-a-comedy-show-dubbed-arise-woman-comedy-jam/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=12 March 2019 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> omwali Nancy Kobusheshe, Maggie the Bwaiserian, Rich Mouth, Dora Nakagga, Leila Kachapizo, n'abakyala ba Fun Factory. Ekitundu ky'ensimbi ezaava mu lulaga luno zaweebwa eri abetaaga obuyambi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Emuk |first=Benjamen |date=9 March 2019 |title=Ugandan Female Comics Dedicate 'Arise Woman Comedy Jam' Show to Charity |url=https://life.chimpreports.com/ugandan-female-comics-dedicate-arise-woman-comedy-jam-show-to-charity/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402081323/https://life.chimpreports.com/ugandan-female-comics-dedicate-arise-woman-comedy-jam-show-to-charity/ |archive-date=2 April 2019 |access-date=12 March 2019 |website=Chimp Reports}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'Ogwokusatu, Agnes yaddayo e Kigali ng'ali mu Seka Fest, n'abazannyi abalala okuva mu Uganda, Kenya, ne Nigeria.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Batte |first=Edgar. R |date=1 April 2019 |title=Ugandan comedians shine at Kigali's Seka fest |url=http://www.sqoop.co.ug/201904/news/events/ugandan-comedians-shine-at-kigalis-seka-fest.html |access-date=2 April 2019 |website=Sqoop}}</ref> Mu Gwokuna, yalabikira mu The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast, eyalagibwa ''omukubi'' wa firimu Luke Anthony ng'ekitundu kya Uganda Special.<ref name=":04">{{cite podcast|last=Anthony|first=Luke|title=Agnes Akite - Uganda Special|website=The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast|date=7 April 2019|url=https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|accessdate=9 April 2019|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531161219/https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mu Gwomusanvu 2019, yali omu ku bannakatemba ba Uganda abeetaba mu Laugh Festival mu Nairobi, Kenya,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nkurunzinza |first=James Peter |date=5 July 2019 |title=Rwandan comedian to perform at the 'Laugh Festival' in Nairobi |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/rwandan-comedian-perform-laugh-festival-nairobi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725035756/https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/rwandan-comedian-perform-laugh-festival-nairobi |archive-date=25 July 2019 |access-date=6 October 2019 |website=The New Times}} - {{Cite web |last=Zuri |first=Admin |date=24 July 2019 |title=International Laugh Festival (3rd Edition) |url=https://zurinews.com/laugh-festival-3-in-back-the-comedy-heist-full-infor/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925081054/https://zurinews.com/laugh-festival-3-in-back-the-comedy-heist-full-infor/ |archive-date=25 September 2019 |access-date=25 September 2019 |website=Zuri News}} - {{Cite web |last=Ngigi |first=Elizabeth |date=26 July 2019 |title=Laugh Festival Back for Round 3 |url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/sasa/word-is/2019-07-26-laugh-festival-back-for-round-3/ |access-date=25 September 2019 |website=The Star}} - {{Cite web |last=Kagonye |first=Fredrick |date=20 July 2019 |title=Wamlambez Dominates Laugh Festival |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001335745/wamlambez-dominates-laugh-festival |access-date=25 September 2019 |website=Standard Digital}}</ref> ate mu Gw'omwenda, yazannya mu Uganda North America Association Convention mu Chicago. Mu Gwekkumineebiri, ye yakulemberamu omukolo gwa One Africa Festival, ng'agezaako okulwanyisa obukyayi mu [[Port Elizabeth]], South Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 December 2019 |title=Comedy show fight against xenophobia |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/Local/PE-Express/comedy-show-fight-against-xenophobia-20191216 |access-date=26 December 2019 |website=News24}}</ref> Agnes yagenda mu maaso naategeka olulaga lwa ''Arise Woman Comedy Jam'' ''mu Gwokusatu 2020 era nga yaliwamu n'abakazi abalala okuva mu'' [[Fun Factory Uganda]] wamu ne [[Anne Kansiime]] n'abalala.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Matooke |first=Republic |date=4 March 2020 |title=Season Two of Arise Women Comedy Jam set to crack ribs this Friday – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20200304/season-two-of-arise-women-comedy-jam-set-to-crack-ribs-this-friday/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> Mu Ogw'omwenda 2022, Agnes ye yaweebwa ekyokuba muzannyi eyaggulawo olulaga mu ''Africa Laughs'' eya [[Patrick Salvador Idringi|Patrick Salvado Idringi]] ey'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ampurire |first=Paul |date=31 October 2022 |title=Africa Laughs 6 succeeds in debunking the stereotypes tagged on Uganda's stand-up |url=https://pluggedaily.com/2022/10/31/africa-laughs-6-succeeds-in-debunking-the-stereotypes-tagged-on-ugandas-standup/ |access-date=3 November 2022 |website=Plugged}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Namutebi |first=Phiona |date=26 October 2022 |title=Africa Laughs comedy show is back at Kololo Airstrip |url=https://capitalradio.co.ug/entertainment/2022-10-26-africa-laughs-comedy-show-is-back-at-kololo-airstrip/ |access-date=3 November 2022 |website=Capital Radio}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 October 2022 |title=Africa Laughs returns with comedic masterpiece |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/africa-laughs-returns-with-comedic-masterpiece/ |access-date=3 November 2022 |website=The Independent Uganda}}</ref> Nga 23 Ogwekkumi 2024 yategeka olulaga lwe yekka ku National Theatre lwe yatuuma Son of Opio.<ref name=":14">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> [[File:Fun_Factory_Ladies.jpg|alt=|thumb|257x257px|Abakyala okuva mu [[:en:Fun_Factory_Uganda|Fun Factory]] nga baliko akatundu katemba gwebakola mu lulaga olwa mu Arise Woman]] == Sitayiro ye eya Katemba == Enkola ya Agnes ey'okuzanyira ku siteegi ya Katemba ow'okwetegereza, mwatunuulira embeera eyewuunyisa mu bulamu bw'omuntu. Era olumu akozesa embeera ey'okwenyooma. Yeewala eby'obufuzi. == Obulamu bwe obw'omunda == Agnes mwana wakutaano<ref name=":15">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> mu maka agalimu abalenzi babiri, Richard ne Emmanuel, ne bagandabe mukaaga,Cathy, Grace, Mary, Susan, Harriet, ne Doreen. Muzadde wa baana babiri, Noel ne Brianna, era alina enkolagana ne Brian Makalama. Mukatoliki era asabira mu Kkanisa eya Our Lady of Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baike |first=Prisca |title=Comedian Agnes Akite has Bone to Pick with Minister Lokodo |url=https://www.observer.ug/lifestyle/43766-comedian-agnes-akite-has-bone-to-pick-with-minister-lokodo |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120095434/https://www.observer.ug/lifestyle/43766-comedian-agnes-akite-has-bone-to-pick-with-minister-lokodo |archive-date=20 November 2018 |access-date=19 October 2018 |website=The Observer |location=Uganda}}</ref> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri, yalumbibwa naakubwa ababbi bwe yali ava e Najjeera ku lulaga ekiro era yalumizibwa n'ekiwudu ku mutwe wamu n'ebinuubule ku liiso.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mwesigwa |first=Solomon |date=14 November 2023 |title=Comedienne Agnes Akite attacked and robbed by thugs after a quiz night session |url=https://mbu.ug/2023/11/14/agnes-akite-comedienne-robbed/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=MBU}}</ref> == Obuyambi bw'abantu == Agnes y'omu ku batandisi era akulira ekitongole ekya Arise Woman Foundation,<ref name=":16">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> ekirwanirira n'okuzzaamu amaanyi n'essuubi abakazi n'abavubuka. [citation needed] Ensimbi eziva mu kibiina ekya Arise Women! Comedy Jam ziweebwa eri Home of Hope, Jinja. [citation needed] == Firimu ze == {| class="wikitable" |+Emirundi gy'alabise ng'azannya mu firimu ne ttivi !Omwaka !Ekitiibwa !Omulimu gwe !Olukalala !Ebyafaayo |- |2009-2012 |''The Hostel'' |Envubu |NTV Uganda, DStv Africa Magic Entertainment, ZUKU TV, ne NTV KENYA | |- |2016 |Girl from Mparo |Maama Brian |[[Uganda Broadcasting Corporation|UBC]], DStv Pearl Magic | |- |2018 kati |''Mizigo Express'' |Muganzi wa Sam |DStv- Pearl Magi | |} == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * Akite Agnes at IMDb [[Category:Bannakatemba]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1983]] 4pkxsw10lbl2d1lvn3vi19gfkcwvdp1 58635 58633 2026-07-03T20:13:23Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 added a category 58635 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akite Agnes''' (yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwokusatu 1983) Munnayuganda [[:en:Stand-up_comedy|omuzannyi wa Katemba ow'oku siteegi]], [[:en:Master_of_ceremonies|mwogezi w'oku mikolo]], era [[:en:Philanthropy|ayagala nyo okuyamba]]. Amanyiddwa nnyo olw'okuzannya nga Arach <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Nantaba |first=Agnes |date=19 October 2018 |title=Agnes Akite aka Arach on Funny Ugandans |url=https://southsudan.biz/uganda/2018/08/22/agnes-akite-aka-arach-on-funny-ugandans/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208124430/https://southsudan.biz/uganda/2018/08/22/agnes-akite-aka-arach-on-funny-ugandans/ |archive-date=8 December 2020 |access-date=19 October 2018 |website=Uganda News Archive}}</ref> mu firimu ya [[:en:The_Hostel_(TV_series)|The Hostel]]. Era yazannyirako mu firimu ya Pearl Magic's Girl from Mparo nga Mama Brian, muliraanwa alingiriza. Engeri ye eya Katemba ya kusaagirira ku nsonga eziruma abantu mu mbeera zaabwe eza bulijjo mu bulamu bwabwe. == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Agnes yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwokusatu 1983 mu [[Akite Agnes|Kampala,]] Uganda, mu maka ga Anthony Opio, omubalirizi w'ebitabo ne Hellen Opio. Ye mwana ow'okutaano mu baana mwenda,<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> bwe bazaalibwa. Yakulira Kitintale oluvannyuma n'adda e Mutungo, ebitundu ebiriraanye [[Kampala]]. Yakuzibwa nga [[Akite Agnes|Mukatoliki]] n'agenda mu St. Kizito Primary School, Bugolobi, gye yatuulira ebigezo bye eby'eky'omusanvu, era oluvannyuma yeegatta ku Our Lady of Good counsel, Gayaza gye yamalira siniya.Ebigezo ebya Siniya Eyookuna yabituulira ku Naalya S.S Namugongo oluvannyuma nadda ku St.Lawrence reamland Campus nga eno gyeyatuulira ebigezo ebya Siniya Eyoomukaaga oba UACE. Oluvannyuma yayingira [[Akite Agnes|Makerere University]] mu 2003 gye yafunira diguli esooka mu by'obulambuzi.<ref name="monitor">{{Cite web |title=Comedienne Agnes Akite's complicated path to stardom |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Comedienne-Agnes-Akite-complicated-path-stardom/689842-4984156-158g348z/index.html |access-date=1 June 2019 |website=Daily Monitor}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Mu 2009, Agnes yatuukirirwa [[Anne Kansiime|Anne]] Kansiime okuzannya mu firimu empya eyitibwa The Hostel oluvannyuma lwa mukwano gwe, Pamela, okugigaana. Yaweebwa ekifo kya Arach nga tasoose kugezesebwa.<ref name=":0">{{cite podcast|last=Anthony|first=Luke|title=Agnes Akite - Uganda Special|website=The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast|date=7 April 2019|url=https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|accessdate=9 April 2019|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531161219/https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Eno y'eyali entandikwa y'omulimu gwe ogw'okuzannya katemba. Omuzannyo Hostel gwali gwamanyibwa nyo mu Uganda, nga gwasook kulagibwa ku NTV ate oluvannyuma ku [[DStv]]. Agnes yasigala mu mizannyo guno ogw'okusiteegi emirundi esatu n'avaamu mu 2012 ng'ateekateeka okuzaala omwana we ow'okubiri, Brianna. [citation needed] Mu 2014, yatandika okuzannya emizannyo mu kibiin a ekiyitibwa The Punchliners, oluvannyuma lw'okusendebwasendebwa [[:en:Anne_Kansiime|Anne Kansiime]] ne Daniel Omara okugezaako okuzannya Katemba ow'okusiteegi.<ref name=":02">{{cite podcast|last=Anthony|first=Luke|title=Agnes Akite - Uganda Special|website=The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast|date=7 April 2019|url=https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|accessdate=9 April 2019|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531161219/https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="monitor2">{{Cite web |title=Comedienne Agnes Akite's complicated path to stardom |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Comedienne-Agnes-Akite-complicated-path-stardom/689842-4984156-158g348z/index.html |access-date=1 June 2019 |website=Daily Monitor}}</ref> Oluvannyuma yegatta ku Comedy Files. Mu 2015, y'omu ku baazannya Queens of Comedy Uganda vs Kings of Comedy Rwanda mu Kigali. Mu 2016, yalabikira mu Girl from Mparo nga Mama Brian, omuzannyo ogwalagibwanga ku UBC<ref>{{Cite web |title=Girl From Mparo |url=https://ubc.ug/index.php/timetable/event/mparo/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121161802/https://ubc.ug/index.php/timetable/event/mparo/ |archive-date=21 November 2018 |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Uganda Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref> n'oluvannyuma ne guteekebwa ku DSTV's Pearl Magic. Mu 2018, endagaano ye ne Comedy Files ng'eweddeko, Agnes yatandika okukola emirimu gye obwomu ku mikutu gya katemba egy'enjawulo, omuli Rock Comedy ne Comedy Store Ug, ayanjulibwa [[:en:Alex_Muhangi|Alex Muhangi]]. Mu mwezi Ogw'omukaaga, yalabika mu kivulu ekya Kampala Comedy, ogwategekebwa Okello Okello, munnakatemba omwatuukirivu mu Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Atungisa |first=Don |date=2 July 2018 |title=PHOTOS: How it Went Down at the Inaugural Kampala Comedy Festival |url=https://pulse.mtn.co.ug/photos-how-it-went-down-at-the-inaugural-kampala-comedy-festival%20) |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=3 October 2018 |website=MTN Pulse}} - {{Cite web |last=Nakassanje |first=Winnie |date=5 July 2018 |title=The First Ever Kampala Comedy Festival Reveals New Internationals |url=https://kampalasun.co.ug/2018/07/05/the-first-ever-kampala-comedy-festival-reveales-new-international/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121203732/https://kampalasun.co.ug/2018/07/05/the-first-ever-kampala-comedy-festival-reveales-new-international/ |archive-date=21 November 2018 |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=The Kampala Sun}}</ref> Bwe yakomawo mu Comedy Stores UG mu Ogw'omunaana, yakwata abantu omubabiro.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ampurire |first=Paul |date=20 July 2018 |title=Comedienne Agned Arach Impresses Revellers on Comedy Store |url=https://www.softpower.ug/comedienne-agnes-arach-impresses-revellers-on-comedy-store/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Soft Power News}}</ref> Ekitundu ky'omuzannyo ogwo kyayatiikirira nnyo ku mukutu ogwa ''[[:en:WhatsApp|WhatsApp]]'', gye yatenderezebwa ennyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ampurire |first=Paul |date=20 July 2018 |title=Comedienne Agned Arach Impresses Revellers on Comedy Store |url=https://www.softpower.ug/comedienne-agnes-arach-impresses-revellers-on-comedy-store/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Soft Power News}}</ref> Yagamba nti omuzannyo guno gwali gumanyiddwa nnyo olw'omulimu gwa Comedy Store gwe yakola ku mikutu emigatta bantu, ne Kakensa Media, olwokubeera n'abagoberezi abangi ku Facebook.<ref name=":03">{{cite podcast|last=Anthony|first=Luke|title=Agnes Akite - Uganda Special|website=The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast|date=7 April 2019|url=https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|accessdate=9 April 2019|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531161219/https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wakati w'Ogwomunaana n'Ogwekkuminoogumu, Agnes yali omu ku ba UG Pineapple Comedy Tour, ekyamutwala mu bitundu by'eggwanga eby'enjawulo omuli [[:en:Mbale|Mbale]], [[Gulu]], [[Fort Portal]], [[Jinja]], ne [[:en:Mbarara|Mbarara]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oneal |first=Nicholas |date=1 August 2018 |title=Kampala Comedians Thrill Mbale Residents |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1482561/kampala-comedians-thrill-mbale-residents |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=New Vision}} - {{Cite web |last=Emorut |first=Brian |date=19 September 2018 |title=Gulu Comedy Fans Embrace Ug Pineapple |url=http://guide2uganda.ug/weekend-buzz-gulu-comedy-fans-embrace-ug-pineapple-comedy-tour/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Guide 2 Uganda}} - {{Cite web |last=Shantel |first=Denzel |date=21 November 2018 |title=Jinja Comedy Fans Get a Taste of the New Ug Pineapple |url=https://www.showbizuganda.com/jinja-comedy-fans-get-a-taste-of-the-new-ug-pineapple/?pr=70278&lang=en |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=Showbiz Uganda}} - {{Cite web |last=Abenaitwe |first=Cliff |date=21 November 2018 |title=Fanfare at the Mbarara Ug Pineapple Comedy Tour |url=https://mbararanews.co.ug/fanfare-at-the-mbarara-ug-pineapple-comedy-tour-lf/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=Mbarara News}}</ref> Yali omu ku baali mu kibinja kya Comedy Store Ug ekyagenda e Mbarara okuzannya emizannyo gyayo egisookera ddala ebweru wa Kampala.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ampurire |first=Paul |date=25 September 2018 |title=PICTORIAL: MC Mariachi Wows Mbarara During Comedy Store's Tour |url=https://www.softpower.ug/pictorial-mc-mariachi-wows-mbarara-during-comedy-stores-tour/ |access-date=26 September 2019 |website=SoftPower News}}</ref> Agnes yalabikira omulundi ogwasooka mu kitundu eky'okuna ekya ''Africa'' Laughs nga 8 Ogwekkumi mu [[:en:Kampala_Serena_Hotel|Kampala Serena Hotel]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Larubi |first=Robert |date=9 October 2018 |title=Africa Laughs Season 4 Drama and Humour Leaves Revellers in Tears |url=https://www.softpower.ug/africa-laughs-season-4-drama-and-humour-leave-revelers-in-tears/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=Soft Power News}} - {{Cite web |last= |first= |date=10 October 2018 |title=Africa Laughs Season 4 Leaves Uganda Dying with Laughter |url=http://www.ghafla.com/ug/africa-laughs-season-4-leaves-uganda-dying-with-laughter/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=12 October 2018 |website=Ghafla}} - {{Cite web |last=Matooke |first=Republic |date=9 October 2018 |title=Drama and Rib Cracking Laughter Light Up Africa Laughs Season 4 |url=https://matookerepublic.com/2018/10/09/drama-and-rib-cracking-humour-light-up-africa-laughs-season-4/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> eyategekebwa [[:en:Patrick_Salvador_Idringi|Patrick Salvador Idringi]], n'abazannyi ba katemba abalala okwali [[:en:Basketmouth|Basketmouth]], Alfred Kainga, [[:en:Eddie_Kadi|Eddie Kadi]], Mc Jesse, Pulofeesa Haimo, ne Arthur Nkusi. Mu Gwekkumineebiri, yaddamu okuzannya, ku mulundi guno ng'ali ne [[:en:Fun_Factory_Uganda|Fun Factory]] mu firimu ez'ebitundu eziragibwa ku TV eyitibwa ''Mizigo Express'', nga muganzi wa Sam. Ku ntandikwa ey'Ogwokusatu 2019, Agnes yatandikawo era n'atongoza [[:en:Fun_Factory_Uganda|Arise Woman!]] [[:en:Fun_Factory_Uganda|Comedy Jam]]<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref>ku [[:en:International_Women's_Day|lunaku lw'abakyala olw'ensi yonna]]. Mu kukuza olunaku lw'okuwummula, omuzannyo gwaliko abakazi bonna abazannyi aba Katemba,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kulanyi |first=Rachael |date=11 March 2019 |title=Female comedians celebrate Women's day in a comedy show dubbed 'Arise Woman Comedy Jam |url=https://matookerepublic.com/2019/03/11/female-comedians-celebrate-womens-day-in-a-comedy-show-dubbed-arise-woman-comedy-jam/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=12 March 2019 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> omwali Nancy Kobusheshe, Maggie the Bwaiserian, Rich Mouth, Dora Nakagga, Leila Kachapizo, n'abakyala ba Fun Factory. Ekitundu ky'ensimbi ezaava mu lulaga luno zaweebwa eri abetaaga obuyambi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Emuk |first=Benjamen |date=9 March 2019 |title=Ugandan Female Comics Dedicate 'Arise Woman Comedy Jam' Show to Charity |url=https://life.chimpreports.com/ugandan-female-comics-dedicate-arise-woman-comedy-jam-show-to-charity/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402081323/https://life.chimpreports.com/ugandan-female-comics-dedicate-arise-woman-comedy-jam-show-to-charity/ |archive-date=2 April 2019 |access-date=12 March 2019 |website=Chimp Reports}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'Ogwokusatu, Agnes yaddayo e Kigali ng'ali mu Seka Fest, n'abazannyi abalala okuva mu Uganda, Kenya, ne Nigeria.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Batte |first=Edgar. R |date=1 April 2019 |title=Ugandan comedians shine at Kigali's Seka fest |url=http://www.sqoop.co.ug/201904/news/events/ugandan-comedians-shine-at-kigalis-seka-fest.html |access-date=2 April 2019 |website=Sqoop}}</ref> Mu Gwokuna, yalabikira mu The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast, eyalagibwa ''omukubi'' wa firimu Luke Anthony ng'ekitundu kya Uganda Special.<ref name=":04">{{cite podcast|last=Anthony|first=Luke|title=Agnes Akite - Uganda Special|website=The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast|date=7 April 2019|url=https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|accessdate=9 April 2019|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531161219/https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mu Gwomusanvu 2019, yali omu ku bannakatemba ba Uganda abeetaba mu Laugh Festival mu Nairobi, Kenya,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nkurunzinza |first=James Peter |date=5 July 2019 |title=Rwandan comedian to perform at the 'Laugh Festival' in Nairobi |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/rwandan-comedian-perform-laugh-festival-nairobi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725035756/https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/rwandan-comedian-perform-laugh-festival-nairobi |archive-date=25 July 2019 |access-date=6 October 2019 |website=The New Times}} - {{Cite web |last=Zuri |first=Admin |date=24 July 2019 |title=International Laugh Festival (3rd Edition) |url=https://zurinews.com/laugh-festival-3-in-back-the-comedy-heist-full-infor/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925081054/https://zurinews.com/laugh-festival-3-in-back-the-comedy-heist-full-infor/ |archive-date=25 September 2019 |access-date=25 September 2019 |website=Zuri News}} - {{Cite web |last=Ngigi |first=Elizabeth |date=26 July 2019 |title=Laugh Festival Back for Round 3 |url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/sasa/word-is/2019-07-26-laugh-festival-back-for-round-3/ |access-date=25 September 2019 |website=The Star}} - {{Cite web |last=Kagonye |first=Fredrick |date=20 July 2019 |title=Wamlambez Dominates Laugh Festival |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001335745/wamlambez-dominates-laugh-festival |access-date=25 September 2019 |website=Standard Digital}}</ref> ate mu Gw'omwenda, yazannya mu Uganda North America Association Convention mu Chicago. Mu Gwekkumineebiri, ye yakulemberamu omukolo gwa One Africa Festival, ng'agezaako okulwanyisa obukyayi mu [[Port Elizabeth]], South Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 December 2019 |title=Comedy show fight against xenophobia |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/Local/PE-Express/comedy-show-fight-against-xenophobia-20191216 |access-date=26 December 2019 |website=News24}}</ref> Agnes yagenda mu maaso naategeka olulaga lwa ''Arise Woman Comedy Jam'' ''mu Gwokusatu 2020 era nga yaliwamu n'abakazi abalala okuva mu'' [[Fun Factory Uganda]] wamu ne [[Anne Kansiime]] n'abalala.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Matooke |first=Republic |date=4 March 2020 |title=Season Two of Arise Women Comedy Jam set to crack ribs this Friday – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20200304/season-two-of-arise-women-comedy-jam-set-to-crack-ribs-this-friday/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> Mu Ogw'omwenda 2022, Agnes ye yaweebwa ekyokuba muzannyi eyaggulawo olulaga mu ''Africa Laughs'' eya [[Patrick Salvador Idringi|Patrick Salvado Idringi]] ey'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ampurire |first=Paul |date=31 October 2022 |title=Africa Laughs 6 succeeds in debunking the stereotypes tagged on Uganda's stand-up |url=https://pluggedaily.com/2022/10/31/africa-laughs-6-succeeds-in-debunking-the-stereotypes-tagged-on-ugandas-standup/ |access-date=3 November 2022 |website=Plugged}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Namutebi |first=Phiona |date=26 October 2022 |title=Africa Laughs comedy show is back at Kololo Airstrip |url=https://capitalradio.co.ug/entertainment/2022-10-26-africa-laughs-comedy-show-is-back-at-kololo-airstrip/ |access-date=3 November 2022 |website=Capital Radio}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 October 2022 |title=Africa Laughs returns with comedic masterpiece |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/africa-laughs-returns-with-comedic-masterpiece/ |access-date=3 November 2022 |website=The Independent Uganda}}</ref> Nga 23 Ogwekkumi 2024 yategeka olulaga lwe yekka ku National Theatre lwe yatuuma Son of Opio.<ref name=":14">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> [[File:Fun_Factory_Ladies.jpg|alt=|thumb|257x257px|Abakyala okuva mu [[:en:Fun_Factory_Uganda|Fun Factory]] nga baliko akatundu katemba gwebakola mu lulaga olwa mu Arise Woman]] == Sitayiro ye eya Katemba == Enkola ya Agnes ey'okuzanyira ku siteegi ya Katemba ow'okwetegereza, mwatunuulira embeera eyewuunyisa mu bulamu bw'omuntu. Era olumu akozesa embeera ey'okwenyooma. Yeewala eby'obufuzi. == Obulamu bwe obw'omunda == Agnes mwana wakutaano<ref name=":15">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> mu maka agalimu abalenzi babiri, Richard ne Emmanuel, ne bagandabe mukaaga,Cathy, Grace, Mary, Susan, Harriet, ne Doreen. Muzadde wa baana babiri, Noel ne Brianna, era alina enkolagana ne Brian Makalama. Mukatoliki era asabira mu Kkanisa eya Our Lady of Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baike |first=Prisca |title=Comedian Agnes Akite has Bone to Pick with Minister Lokodo |url=https://www.observer.ug/lifestyle/43766-comedian-agnes-akite-has-bone-to-pick-with-minister-lokodo |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120095434/https://www.observer.ug/lifestyle/43766-comedian-agnes-akite-has-bone-to-pick-with-minister-lokodo |archive-date=20 November 2018 |access-date=19 October 2018 |website=The Observer |location=Uganda}}</ref> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri, yalumbibwa naakubwa ababbi bwe yali ava e Najjeera ku lulaga ekiro era yalumizibwa n'ekiwudu ku mutwe wamu n'ebinuubule ku liiso.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mwesigwa |first=Solomon |date=14 November 2023 |title=Comedienne Agnes Akite attacked and robbed by thugs after a quiz night session |url=https://mbu.ug/2023/11/14/agnes-akite-comedienne-robbed/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=MBU}}</ref> == Obuyambi bw'abantu == Agnes y'omu ku batandisi era akulira ekitongole ekya Arise Woman Foundation,<ref name=":16">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> ekirwanirira n'okuzzaamu amaanyi n'essuubi abakazi n'abavubuka. [citation needed] Ensimbi eziva mu kibiina ekya Arise Women! Comedy Jam ziweebwa eri Home of Hope, Jinja. [citation needed] == Firimu ze == {| class="wikitable" |+Emirundi gy'alabise ng'azannya mu firimu ne ttivi !Omwaka !Ekitiibwa !Omulimu gwe !Olukalala !Ebyafaayo |- |2009-2012 |''The Hostel'' |Envubu |NTV Uganda, DStv Africa Magic Entertainment, ZUKU TV, ne NTV KENYA | |- |2016 |Girl from Mparo |Maama Brian |[[Uganda Broadcasting Corporation|UBC]], DStv Pearl Magic | |- |2018 kati |''Mizigo Express'' |Muganzi wa Sam |DStv- Pearl Magi | |} == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * Akite Agnes at IMDb [[Category:Bannakatemba]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1983]] [[Category:Bannayuganda bannakatemba abayimirira bokka ku sitegi ne basesa abantu]] lgjv8h3fdq87p8d769dczkeurqk8og3 58637 58635 2026-07-03T20:19:24Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 added a category 58637 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akite Agnes''' (yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwokusatu 1983) Munnayuganda [[:en:Stand-up_comedy|omuzannyi wa Katemba ow'oku siteegi]], [[:en:Master_of_ceremonies|mwogezi w'oku mikolo]], era [[:en:Philanthropy|ayagala nyo okuyamba]]. Amanyiddwa nnyo olw'okuzannya nga Arach <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Nantaba |first=Agnes |date=19 October 2018 |title=Agnes Akite aka Arach on Funny Ugandans |url=https://southsudan.biz/uganda/2018/08/22/agnes-akite-aka-arach-on-funny-ugandans/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208124430/https://southsudan.biz/uganda/2018/08/22/agnes-akite-aka-arach-on-funny-ugandans/ |archive-date=8 December 2020 |access-date=19 October 2018 |website=Uganda News Archive}}</ref> mu firimu ya [[:en:The_Hostel_(TV_series)|The Hostel]]. Era yazannyirako mu firimu ya Pearl Magic's Girl from Mparo nga Mama Brian, muliraanwa alingiriza. Engeri ye eya Katemba ya kusaagirira ku nsonga eziruma abantu mu mbeera zaabwe eza bulijjo mu bulamu bwabwe. == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Agnes yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwokusatu 1983 mu [[Akite Agnes|Kampala,]] Uganda, mu maka ga Anthony Opio, omubalirizi w'ebitabo ne Hellen Opio. Ye mwana ow'okutaano mu baana mwenda,<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> bwe bazaalibwa. Yakulira Kitintale oluvannyuma n'adda e Mutungo, ebitundu ebiriraanye [[Kampala]]. Yakuzibwa nga [[Akite Agnes|Mukatoliki]] n'agenda mu St. Kizito Primary School, Bugolobi, gye yatuulira ebigezo bye eby'eky'omusanvu, era oluvannyuma yeegatta ku Our Lady of Good counsel, Gayaza gye yamalira siniya.Ebigezo ebya Siniya Eyookuna yabituulira ku Naalya S.S Namugongo oluvannyuma nadda ku St.Lawrence reamland Campus nga eno gyeyatuulira ebigezo ebya Siniya Eyoomukaaga oba UACE. Oluvannyuma yayingira [[Akite Agnes|Makerere University]] mu 2003 gye yafunira diguli esooka mu by'obulambuzi.<ref name="monitor">{{Cite web |title=Comedienne Agnes Akite's complicated path to stardom |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Comedienne-Agnes-Akite-complicated-path-stardom/689842-4984156-158g348z/index.html |access-date=1 June 2019 |website=Daily Monitor}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Mu 2009, Agnes yatuukirirwa [[Anne Kansiime|Anne]] Kansiime okuzannya mu firimu empya eyitibwa The Hostel oluvannyuma lwa mukwano gwe, Pamela, okugigaana. Yaweebwa ekifo kya Arach nga tasoose kugezesebwa.<ref name=":0">{{cite podcast|last=Anthony|first=Luke|title=Agnes Akite - Uganda Special|website=The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast|date=7 April 2019|url=https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|accessdate=9 April 2019|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531161219/https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Eno y'eyali entandikwa y'omulimu gwe ogw'okuzannya katemba. Omuzannyo Hostel gwali gwamanyibwa nyo mu Uganda, nga gwasook kulagibwa ku NTV ate oluvannyuma ku [[DStv]]. Agnes yasigala mu mizannyo guno ogw'okusiteegi emirundi esatu n'avaamu mu 2012 ng'ateekateeka okuzaala omwana we ow'okubiri, Brianna. [citation needed] Mu 2014, yatandika okuzannya emizannyo mu kibiin a ekiyitibwa The Punchliners, oluvannyuma lw'okusendebwasendebwa [[:en:Anne_Kansiime|Anne Kansiime]] ne Daniel Omara okugezaako okuzannya Katemba ow'okusiteegi.<ref name=":02">{{cite podcast|last=Anthony|first=Luke|title=Agnes Akite - Uganda Special|website=The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast|date=7 April 2019|url=https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|accessdate=9 April 2019|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531161219/https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="monitor2">{{Cite web |title=Comedienne Agnes Akite's complicated path to stardom |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Comedienne-Agnes-Akite-complicated-path-stardom/689842-4984156-158g348z/index.html |access-date=1 June 2019 |website=Daily Monitor}}</ref> Oluvannyuma yegatta ku Comedy Files. Mu 2015, y'omu ku baazannya Queens of Comedy Uganda vs Kings of Comedy Rwanda mu Kigali. Mu 2016, yalabikira mu Girl from Mparo nga Mama Brian, omuzannyo ogwalagibwanga ku UBC<ref>{{Cite web |title=Girl From Mparo |url=https://ubc.ug/index.php/timetable/event/mparo/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121161802/https://ubc.ug/index.php/timetable/event/mparo/ |archive-date=21 November 2018 |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Uganda Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref> n'oluvannyuma ne guteekebwa ku DSTV's Pearl Magic. Mu 2018, endagaano ye ne Comedy Files ng'eweddeko, Agnes yatandika okukola emirimu gye obwomu ku mikutu gya katemba egy'enjawulo, omuli Rock Comedy ne Comedy Store Ug, ayanjulibwa [[:en:Alex_Muhangi|Alex Muhangi]]. Mu mwezi Ogw'omukaaga, yalabika mu kivulu ekya Kampala Comedy, ogwategekebwa Okello Okello, munnakatemba omwatuukirivu mu Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Atungisa |first=Don |date=2 July 2018 |title=PHOTOS: How it Went Down at the Inaugural Kampala Comedy Festival |url=https://pulse.mtn.co.ug/photos-how-it-went-down-at-the-inaugural-kampala-comedy-festival%20) |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=3 October 2018 |website=MTN Pulse}} - {{Cite web |last=Nakassanje |first=Winnie |date=5 July 2018 |title=The First Ever Kampala Comedy Festival Reveals New Internationals |url=https://kampalasun.co.ug/2018/07/05/the-first-ever-kampala-comedy-festival-reveales-new-international/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121203732/https://kampalasun.co.ug/2018/07/05/the-first-ever-kampala-comedy-festival-reveales-new-international/ |archive-date=21 November 2018 |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=The Kampala Sun}}</ref> Bwe yakomawo mu Comedy Stores UG mu Ogw'omunaana, yakwata abantu omubabiro.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ampurire |first=Paul |date=20 July 2018 |title=Comedienne Agned Arach Impresses Revellers on Comedy Store |url=https://www.softpower.ug/comedienne-agnes-arach-impresses-revellers-on-comedy-store/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Soft Power News}}</ref> Ekitundu ky'omuzannyo ogwo kyayatiikirira nnyo ku mukutu ogwa ''[[:en:WhatsApp|WhatsApp]]'', gye yatenderezebwa ennyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ampurire |first=Paul |date=20 July 2018 |title=Comedienne Agned Arach Impresses Revellers on Comedy Store |url=https://www.softpower.ug/comedienne-agnes-arach-impresses-revellers-on-comedy-store/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Soft Power News}}</ref> Yagamba nti omuzannyo guno gwali gumanyiddwa nnyo olw'omulimu gwa Comedy Store gwe yakola ku mikutu emigatta bantu, ne Kakensa Media, olwokubeera n'abagoberezi abangi ku Facebook.<ref name=":03">{{cite podcast|last=Anthony|first=Luke|title=Agnes Akite - Uganda Special|website=The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast|date=7 April 2019|url=https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|accessdate=9 April 2019|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531161219/https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wakati w'Ogwomunaana n'Ogwekkuminoogumu, Agnes yali omu ku ba UG Pineapple Comedy Tour, ekyamutwala mu bitundu by'eggwanga eby'enjawulo omuli [[:en:Mbale|Mbale]], [[Gulu]], [[Fort Portal]], [[Jinja]], ne [[:en:Mbarara|Mbarara]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oneal |first=Nicholas |date=1 August 2018 |title=Kampala Comedians Thrill Mbale Residents |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1482561/kampala-comedians-thrill-mbale-residents |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=New Vision}} - {{Cite web |last=Emorut |first=Brian |date=19 September 2018 |title=Gulu Comedy Fans Embrace Ug Pineapple |url=http://guide2uganda.ug/weekend-buzz-gulu-comedy-fans-embrace-ug-pineapple-comedy-tour/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Guide 2 Uganda}} - {{Cite web |last=Shantel |first=Denzel |date=21 November 2018 |title=Jinja Comedy Fans Get a Taste of the New Ug Pineapple |url=https://www.showbizuganda.com/jinja-comedy-fans-get-a-taste-of-the-new-ug-pineapple/?pr=70278&lang=en |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=Showbiz Uganda}} - {{Cite web |last=Abenaitwe |first=Cliff |date=21 November 2018 |title=Fanfare at the Mbarara Ug Pineapple Comedy Tour |url=https://mbararanews.co.ug/fanfare-at-the-mbarara-ug-pineapple-comedy-tour-lf/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=Mbarara News}}</ref> Yali omu ku baali mu kibinja kya Comedy Store Ug ekyagenda e Mbarara okuzannya emizannyo gyayo egisookera ddala ebweru wa Kampala.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ampurire |first=Paul |date=25 September 2018 |title=PICTORIAL: MC Mariachi Wows Mbarara During Comedy Store's Tour |url=https://www.softpower.ug/pictorial-mc-mariachi-wows-mbarara-during-comedy-stores-tour/ |access-date=26 September 2019 |website=SoftPower News}}</ref> Agnes yalabikira omulundi ogwasooka mu kitundu eky'okuna ekya ''Africa'' Laughs nga 8 Ogwekkumi mu [[:en:Kampala_Serena_Hotel|Kampala Serena Hotel]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Larubi |first=Robert |date=9 October 2018 |title=Africa Laughs Season 4 Drama and Humour Leaves Revellers in Tears |url=https://www.softpower.ug/africa-laughs-season-4-drama-and-humour-leave-revelers-in-tears/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=Soft Power News}} - {{Cite web |last= |first= |date=10 October 2018 |title=Africa Laughs Season 4 Leaves Uganda Dying with Laughter |url=http://www.ghafla.com/ug/africa-laughs-season-4-leaves-uganda-dying-with-laughter/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=12 October 2018 |website=Ghafla}} - {{Cite web |last=Matooke |first=Republic |date=9 October 2018 |title=Drama and Rib Cracking Laughter Light Up Africa Laughs Season 4 |url=https://matookerepublic.com/2018/10/09/drama-and-rib-cracking-humour-light-up-africa-laughs-season-4/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> eyategekebwa [[:en:Patrick_Salvador_Idringi|Patrick Salvador Idringi]], n'abazannyi ba katemba abalala okwali [[:en:Basketmouth|Basketmouth]], Alfred Kainga, [[:en:Eddie_Kadi|Eddie Kadi]], Mc Jesse, Pulofeesa Haimo, ne Arthur Nkusi. Mu Gwekkumineebiri, yaddamu okuzannya, ku mulundi guno ng'ali ne [[:en:Fun_Factory_Uganda|Fun Factory]] mu firimu ez'ebitundu eziragibwa ku TV eyitibwa ''Mizigo Express'', nga muganzi wa Sam. Ku ntandikwa ey'Ogwokusatu 2019, Agnes yatandikawo era n'atongoza [[:en:Fun_Factory_Uganda|Arise Woman!]] [[:en:Fun_Factory_Uganda|Comedy Jam]]<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref>ku [[:en:International_Women's_Day|lunaku lw'abakyala olw'ensi yonna]]. Mu kukuza olunaku lw'okuwummula, omuzannyo gwaliko abakazi bonna abazannyi aba Katemba,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kulanyi |first=Rachael |date=11 March 2019 |title=Female comedians celebrate Women's day in a comedy show dubbed 'Arise Woman Comedy Jam |url=https://matookerepublic.com/2019/03/11/female-comedians-celebrate-womens-day-in-a-comedy-show-dubbed-arise-woman-comedy-jam/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=12 March 2019 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> omwali Nancy Kobusheshe, Maggie the Bwaiserian, Rich Mouth, Dora Nakagga, Leila Kachapizo, n'abakyala ba Fun Factory. Ekitundu ky'ensimbi ezaava mu lulaga luno zaweebwa eri abetaaga obuyambi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Emuk |first=Benjamen |date=9 March 2019 |title=Ugandan Female Comics Dedicate 'Arise Woman Comedy Jam' Show to Charity |url=https://life.chimpreports.com/ugandan-female-comics-dedicate-arise-woman-comedy-jam-show-to-charity/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402081323/https://life.chimpreports.com/ugandan-female-comics-dedicate-arise-woman-comedy-jam-show-to-charity/ |archive-date=2 April 2019 |access-date=12 March 2019 |website=Chimp Reports}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'Ogwokusatu, Agnes yaddayo e Kigali ng'ali mu Seka Fest, n'abazannyi abalala okuva mu Uganda, Kenya, ne Nigeria.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Batte |first=Edgar. R |date=1 April 2019 |title=Ugandan comedians shine at Kigali's Seka fest |url=http://www.sqoop.co.ug/201904/news/events/ugandan-comedians-shine-at-kigalis-seka-fest.html |access-date=2 April 2019 |website=Sqoop}}</ref> Mu Gwokuna, yalabikira mu The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast, eyalagibwa ''omukubi'' wa firimu Luke Anthony ng'ekitundu kya Uganda Special.<ref name=":04">{{cite podcast|last=Anthony|first=Luke|title=Agnes Akite - Uganda Special|website=The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast|date=7 April 2019|url=https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|accessdate=9 April 2019|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531161219/https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mu Gwomusanvu 2019, yali omu ku bannakatemba ba Uganda abeetaba mu Laugh Festival mu Nairobi, Kenya,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nkurunzinza |first=James Peter |date=5 July 2019 |title=Rwandan comedian to perform at the 'Laugh Festival' in Nairobi |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/rwandan-comedian-perform-laugh-festival-nairobi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725035756/https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/rwandan-comedian-perform-laugh-festival-nairobi |archive-date=25 July 2019 |access-date=6 October 2019 |website=The New Times}} - {{Cite web |last=Zuri |first=Admin |date=24 July 2019 |title=International Laugh Festival (3rd Edition) |url=https://zurinews.com/laugh-festival-3-in-back-the-comedy-heist-full-infor/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925081054/https://zurinews.com/laugh-festival-3-in-back-the-comedy-heist-full-infor/ |archive-date=25 September 2019 |access-date=25 September 2019 |website=Zuri News}} - {{Cite web |last=Ngigi |first=Elizabeth |date=26 July 2019 |title=Laugh Festival Back for Round 3 |url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/sasa/word-is/2019-07-26-laugh-festival-back-for-round-3/ |access-date=25 September 2019 |website=The Star}} - {{Cite web |last=Kagonye |first=Fredrick |date=20 July 2019 |title=Wamlambez Dominates Laugh Festival |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001335745/wamlambez-dominates-laugh-festival |access-date=25 September 2019 |website=Standard Digital}}</ref> ate mu Gw'omwenda, yazannya mu Uganda North America Association Convention mu Chicago. Mu Gwekkumineebiri, ye yakulemberamu omukolo gwa One Africa Festival, ng'agezaako okulwanyisa obukyayi mu [[Port Elizabeth]], South Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 December 2019 |title=Comedy show fight against xenophobia |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/Local/PE-Express/comedy-show-fight-against-xenophobia-20191216 |access-date=26 December 2019 |website=News24}}</ref> Agnes yagenda mu maaso naategeka olulaga lwa ''Arise Woman Comedy Jam'' ''mu Gwokusatu 2020 era nga yaliwamu n'abakazi abalala okuva mu'' [[Fun Factory Uganda]] wamu ne [[Anne Kansiime]] n'abalala.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Matooke |first=Republic |date=4 March 2020 |title=Season Two of Arise Women Comedy Jam set to crack ribs this Friday – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20200304/season-two-of-arise-women-comedy-jam-set-to-crack-ribs-this-friday/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> Mu Ogw'omwenda 2022, Agnes ye yaweebwa ekyokuba muzannyi eyaggulawo olulaga mu ''Africa Laughs'' eya [[Patrick Salvador Idringi|Patrick Salvado Idringi]] ey'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ampurire |first=Paul |date=31 October 2022 |title=Africa Laughs 6 succeeds in debunking the stereotypes tagged on Uganda's stand-up |url=https://pluggedaily.com/2022/10/31/africa-laughs-6-succeeds-in-debunking-the-stereotypes-tagged-on-ugandas-standup/ |access-date=3 November 2022 |website=Plugged}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Namutebi |first=Phiona |date=26 October 2022 |title=Africa Laughs comedy show is back at Kololo Airstrip |url=https://capitalradio.co.ug/entertainment/2022-10-26-africa-laughs-comedy-show-is-back-at-kololo-airstrip/ |access-date=3 November 2022 |website=Capital Radio}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 October 2022 |title=Africa Laughs returns with comedic masterpiece |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/africa-laughs-returns-with-comedic-masterpiece/ |access-date=3 November 2022 |website=The Independent Uganda}}</ref> Nga 23 Ogwekkumi 2024 yategeka olulaga lwe yekka ku National Theatre lwe yatuuma Son of Opio.<ref name=":14">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> [[File:Fun_Factory_Ladies.jpg|alt=|thumb|257x257px|Abakyala okuva mu [[:en:Fun_Factory_Uganda|Fun Factory]] nga baliko akatundu katemba gwebakola mu lulaga olwa mu Arise Woman]] == Sitayiro ye eya Katemba == Enkola ya Agnes ey'okuzanyira ku siteegi ya Katemba ow'okwetegereza, mwatunuulira embeera eyewuunyisa mu bulamu bw'omuntu. Era olumu akozesa embeera ey'okwenyooma. Yeewala eby'obufuzi. == Obulamu bwe obw'omunda == Agnes mwana wakutaano<ref name=":15">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> mu maka agalimu abalenzi babiri, Richard ne Emmanuel, ne bagandabe mukaaga,Cathy, Grace, Mary, Susan, Harriet, ne Doreen. Muzadde wa baana babiri, Noel ne Brianna, era alina enkolagana ne Brian Makalama. Mukatoliki era asabira mu Kkanisa eya Our Lady of Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baike |first=Prisca |title=Comedian Agnes Akite has Bone to Pick with Minister Lokodo |url=https://www.observer.ug/lifestyle/43766-comedian-agnes-akite-has-bone-to-pick-with-minister-lokodo |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120095434/https://www.observer.ug/lifestyle/43766-comedian-agnes-akite-has-bone-to-pick-with-minister-lokodo |archive-date=20 November 2018 |access-date=19 October 2018 |website=The Observer |location=Uganda}}</ref> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri, yalumbibwa naakubwa ababbi bwe yali ava e Najjeera ku lulaga ekiro era yalumizibwa n'ekiwudu ku mutwe wamu n'ebinuubule ku liiso.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mwesigwa |first=Solomon |date=14 November 2023 |title=Comedienne Agnes Akite attacked and robbed by thugs after a quiz night session |url=https://mbu.ug/2023/11/14/agnes-akite-comedienne-robbed/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=MBU}}</ref> == Obuyambi bw'abantu == Agnes y'omu ku batandisi era akulira ekitongole ekya Arise Woman Foundation,<ref name=":16">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> ekirwanirira n'okuzzaamu amaanyi n'essuubi abakazi n'abavubuka. [citation needed] Ensimbi eziva mu kibiina ekya Arise Women! Comedy Jam ziweebwa eri Home of Hope, Jinja. [citation needed] == Firimu ze == {| class="wikitable" |+Emirundi gy'alabise ng'azannya mu firimu ne ttivi !Omwaka !Ekitiibwa !Omulimu gwe !Olukalala !Ebyafaayo |- |2009-2012 |''The Hostel'' |Envubu |NTV Uganda, DStv Africa Magic Entertainment, ZUKU TV, ne NTV KENYA | |- |2016 |Girl from Mparo |Maama Brian |[[Uganda Broadcasting Corporation|UBC]], DStv Pearl Magic | |- |2018 kati |''Mizigo Express'' |Muganzi wa Sam |DStv- Pearl Magi | |} == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * Akite Agnes at IMDb [[Category:Bannakatemba]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1983]] [[Category:Bannayuganda bannakatemba abayimirira bokka ku sitegi ne basesa abantu]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abakazi abazannyi ba katemba]] epvs4umghvjuzxnxh0jxtla5y8dblv2 58639 58637 2026-07-03T20:21:26Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 added a category 58639 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akite Agnes''' (yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwokusatu 1983) Munnayuganda [[:en:Stand-up_comedy|omuzannyi wa Katemba ow'oku siteegi]], [[:en:Master_of_ceremonies|mwogezi w'oku mikolo]], era [[:en:Philanthropy|ayagala nyo okuyamba]]. Amanyiddwa nnyo olw'okuzannya nga Arach <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Nantaba |first=Agnes |date=19 October 2018 |title=Agnes Akite aka Arach on Funny Ugandans |url=https://southsudan.biz/uganda/2018/08/22/agnes-akite-aka-arach-on-funny-ugandans/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208124430/https://southsudan.biz/uganda/2018/08/22/agnes-akite-aka-arach-on-funny-ugandans/ |archive-date=8 December 2020 |access-date=19 October 2018 |website=Uganda News Archive}}</ref> mu firimu ya [[:en:The_Hostel_(TV_series)|The Hostel]]. Era yazannyirako mu firimu ya Pearl Magic's Girl from Mparo nga Mama Brian, muliraanwa alingiriza. Engeri ye eya Katemba ya kusaagirira ku nsonga eziruma abantu mu mbeera zaabwe eza bulijjo mu bulamu bwabwe. == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Agnes yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwokusatu 1983 mu [[Akite Agnes|Kampala,]] Uganda, mu maka ga Anthony Opio, omubalirizi w'ebitabo ne Hellen Opio. Ye mwana ow'okutaano mu baana mwenda,<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> bwe bazaalibwa. Yakulira Kitintale oluvannyuma n'adda e Mutungo, ebitundu ebiriraanye [[Kampala]]. Yakuzibwa nga [[Akite Agnes|Mukatoliki]] n'agenda mu St. Kizito Primary School, Bugolobi, gye yatuulira ebigezo bye eby'eky'omusanvu, era oluvannyuma yeegatta ku Our Lady of Good counsel, Gayaza gye yamalira siniya.Ebigezo ebya Siniya Eyookuna yabituulira ku Naalya S.S Namugongo oluvannyuma nadda ku St.Lawrence reamland Campus nga eno gyeyatuulira ebigezo ebya Siniya Eyoomukaaga oba UACE. Oluvannyuma yayingira [[Akite Agnes|Makerere University]] mu 2003 gye yafunira diguli esooka mu by'obulambuzi.<ref name="monitor">{{Cite web |title=Comedienne Agnes Akite's complicated path to stardom |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Comedienne-Agnes-Akite-complicated-path-stardom/689842-4984156-158g348z/index.html |access-date=1 June 2019 |website=Daily Monitor}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Mu 2009, Agnes yatuukirirwa [[Anne Kansiime|Anne]] Kansiime okuzannya mu firimu empya eyitibwa The Hostel oluvannyuma lwa mukwano gwe, Pamela, okugigaana. Yaweebwa ekifo kya Arach nga tasoose kugezesebwa.<ref name=":0">{{cite podcast|last=Anthony|first=Luke|title=Agnes Akite - Uganda Special|website=The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast|date=7 April 2019|url=https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|accessdate=9 April 2019|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531161219/https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Eno y'eyali entandikwa y'omulimu gwe ogw'okuzannya katemba. Omuzannyo Hostel gwali gwamanyibwa nyo mu Uganda, nga gwasook kulagibwa ku NTV ate oluvannyuma ku [[DStv]]. Agnes yasigala mu mizannyo guno ogw'okusiteegi emirundi esatu n'avaamu mu 2012 ng'ateekateeka okuzaala omwana we ow'okubiri, Brianna. [citation needed] Mu 2014, yatandika okuzannya emizannyo mu kibiin a ekiyitibwa The Punchliners, oluvannyuma lw'okusendebwasendebwa [[:en:Anne_Kansiime|Anne Kansiime]] ne Daniel Omara okugezaako okuzannya Katemba ow'okusiteegi.<ref name=":02">{{cite podcast|last=Anthony|first=Luke|title=Agnes Akite - Uganda Special|website=The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast|date=7 April 2019|url=https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|accessdate=9 April 2019|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531161219/https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="monitor2">{{Cite web |title=Comedienne Agnes Akite's complicated path to stardom |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Comedienne-Agnes-Akite-complicated-path-stardom/689842-4984156-158g348z/index.html |access-date=1 June 2019 |website=Daily Monitor}}</ref> Oluvannyuma yegatta ku Comedy Files. Mu 2015, y'omu ku baazannya Queens of Comedy Uganda vs Kings of Comedy Rwanda mu Kigali. Mu 2016, yalabikira mu Girl from Mparo nga Mama Brian, omuzannyo ogwalagibwanga ku UBC<ref>{{Cite web |title=Girl From Mparo |url=https://ubc.ug/index.php/timetable/event/mparo/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121161802/https://ubc.ug/index.php/timetable/event/mparo/ |archive-date=21 November 2018 |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Uganda Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref> n'oluvannyuma ne guteekebwa ku DSTV's Pearl Magic. Mu 2018, endagaano ye ne Comedy Files ng'eweddeko, Agnes yatandika okukola emirimu gye obwomu ku mikutu gya katemba egy'enjawulo, omuli Rock Comedy ne Comedy Store Ug, ayanjulibwa [[:en:Alex_Muhangi|Alex Muhangi]]. Mu mwezi Ogw'omukaaga, yalabika mu kivulu ekya Kampala Comedy, ogwategekebwa Okello Okello, munnakatemba omwatuukirivu mu Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Atungisa |first=Don |date=2 July 2018 |title=PHOTOS: How it Went Down at the Inaugural Kampala Comedy Festival |url=https://pulse.mtn.co.ug/photos-how-it-went-down-at-the-inaugural-kampala-comedy-festival%20) |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=3 October 2018 |website=MTN Pulse}} - {{Cite web |last=Nakassanje |first=Winnie |date=5 July 2018 |title=The First Ever Kampala Comedy Festival Reveals New Internationals |url=https://kampalasun.co.ug/2018/07/05/the-first-ever-kampala-comedy-festival-reveales-new-international/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121203732/https://kampalasun.co.ug/2018/07/05/the-first-ever-kampala-comedy-festival-reveales-new-international/ |archive-date=21 November 2018 |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=The Kampala Sun}}</ref> Bwe yakomawo mu Comedy Stores UG mu Ogw'omunaana, yakwata abantu omubabiro.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ampurire |first=Paul |date=20 July 2018 |title=Comedienne Agned Arach Impresses Revellers on Comedy Store |url=https://www.softpower.ug/comedienne-agnes-arach-impresses-revellers-on-comedy-store/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Soft Power News}}</ref> Ekitundu ky'omuzannyo ogwo kyayatiikirira nnyo ku mukutu ogwa ''[[:en:WhatsApp|WhatsApp]]'', gye yatenderezebwa ennyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ampurire |first=Paul |date=20 July 2018 |title=Comedienne Agned Arach Impresses Revellers on Comedy Store |url=https://www.softpower.ug/comedienne-agnes-arach-impresses-revellers-on-comedy-store/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Soft Power News}}</ref> Yagamba nti omuzannyo guno gwali gumanyiddwa nnyo olw'omulimu gwa Comedy Store gwe yakola ku mikutu emigatta bantu, ne Kakensa Media, olwokubeera n'abagoberezi abangi ku Facebook.<ref name=":03">{{cite podcast|last=Anthony|first=Luke|title=Agnes Akite - Uganda Special|website=The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast|date=7 April 2019|url=https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|accessdate=9 April 2019|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531161219/https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wakati w'Ogwomunaana n'Ogwekkuminoogumu, Agnes yali omu ku ba UG Pineapple Comedy Tour, ekyamutwala mu bitundu by'eggwanga eby'enjawulo omuli [[:en:Mbale|Mbale]], [[Gulu]], [[Fort Portal]], [[Jinja]], ne [[:en:Mbarara|Mbarara]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oneal |first=Nicholas |date=1 August 2018 |title=Kampala Comedians Thrill Mbale Residents |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1482561/kampala-comedians-thrill-mbale-residents |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=New Vision}} - {{Cite web |last=Emorut |first=Brian |date=19 September 2018 |title=Gulu Comedy Fans Embrace Ug Pineapple |url=http://guide2uganda.ug/weekend-buzz-gulu-comedy-fans-embrace-ug-pineapple-comedy-tour/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Guide 2 Uganda}} - {{Cite web |last=Shantel |first=Denzel |date=21 November 2018 |title=Jinja Comedy Fans Get a Taste of the New Ug Pineapple |url=https://www.showbizuganda.com/jinja-comedy-fans-get-a-taste-of-the-new-ug-pineapple/?pr=70278&lang=en |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=Showbiz Uganda}} - {{Cite web |last=Abenaitwe |first=Cliff |date=21 November 2018 |title=Fanfare at the Mbarara Ug Pineapple Comedy Tour |url=https://mbararanews.co.ug/fanfare-at-the-mbarara-ug-pineapple-comedy-tour-lf/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=Mbarara News}}</ref> Yali omu ku baali mu kibinja kya Comedy Store Ug ekyagenda e Mbarara okuzannya emizannyo gyayo egisookera ddala ebweru wa Kampala.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ampurire |first=Paul |date=25 September 2018 |title=PICTORIAL: MC Mariachi Wows Mbarara During Comedy Store's Tour |url=https://www.softpower.ug/pictorial-mc-mariachi-wows-mbarara-during-comedy-stores-tour/ |access-date=26 September 2019 |website=SoftPower News}}</ref> Agnes yalabikira omulundi ogwasooka mu kitundu eky'okuna ekya ''Africa'' Laughs nga 8 Ogwekkumi mu [[:en:Kampala_Serena_Hotel|Kampala Serena Hotel]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Larubi |first=Robert |date=9 October 2018 |title=Africa Laughs Season 4 Drama and Humour Leaves Revellers in Tears |url=https://www.softpower.ug/africa-laughs-season-4-drama-and-humour-leave-revelers-in-tears/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=Soft Power News}} - {{Cite web |last= |first= |date=10 October 2018 |title=Africa Laughs Season 4 Leaves Uganda Dying with Laughter |url=http://www.ghafla.com/ug/africa-laughs-season-4-leaves-uganda-dying-with-laughter/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=12 October 2018 |website=Ghafla}} - {{Cite web |last=Matooke |first=Republic |date=9 October 2018 |title=Drama and Rib Cracking Laughter Light Up Africa Laughs Season 4 |url=https://matookerepublic.com/2018/10/09/drama-and-rib-cracking-humour-light-up-africa-laughs-season-4/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> eyategekebwa [[:en:Patrick_Salvador_Idringi|Patrick Salvador Idringi]], n'abazannyi ba katemba abalala okwali [[:en:Basketmouth|Basketmouth]], Alfred Kainga, [[:en:Eddie_Kadi|Eddie Kadi]], Mc Jesse, Pulofeesa Haimo, ne Arthur Nkusi. Mu Gwekkumineebiri, yaddamu okuzannya, ku mulundi guno ng'ali ne [[:en:Fun_Factory_Uganda|Fun Factory]] mu firimu ez'ebitundu eziragibwa ku TV eyitibwa ''Mizigo Express'', nga muganzi wa Sam. Ku ntandikwa ey'Ogwokusatu 2019, Agnes yatandikawo era n'atongoza [[:en:Fun_Factory_Uganda|Arise Woman!]] [[:en:Fun_Factory_Uganda|Comedy Jam]]<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref>ku [[:en:International_Women's_Day|lunaku lw'abakyala olw'ensi yonna]]. Mu kukuza olunaku lw'okuwummula, omuzannyo gwaliko abakazi bonna abazannyi aba Katemba,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kulanyi |first=Rachael |date=11 March 2019 |title=Female comedians celebrate Women's day in a comedy show dubbed 'Arise Woman Comedy Jam |url=https://matookerepublic.com/2019/03/11/female-comedians-celebrate-womens-day-in-a-comedy-show-dubbed-arise-woman-comedy-jam/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=12 March 2019 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> omwali Nancy Kobusheshe, Maggie the Bwaiserian, Rich Mouth, Dora Nakagga, Leila Kachapizo, n'abakyala ba Fun Factory. Ekitundu ky'ensimbi ezaava mu lulaga luno zaweebwa eri abetaaga obuyambi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Emuk |first=Benjamen |date=9 March 2019 |title=Ugandan Female Comics Dedicate 'Arise Woman Comedy Jam' Show to Charity |url=https://life.chimpreports.com/ugandan-female-comics-dedicate-arise-woman-comedy-jam-show-to-charity/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402081323/https://life.chimpreports.com/ugandan-female-comics-dedicate-arise-woman-comedy-jam-show-to-charity/ |archive-date=2 April 2019 |access-date=12 March 2019 |website=Chimp Reports}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'Ogwokusatu, Agnes yaddayo e Kigali ng'ali mu Seka Fest, n'abazannyi abalala okuva mu Uganda, Kenya, ne Nigeria.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Batte |first=Edgar. R |date=1 April 2019 |title=Ugandan comedians shine at Kigali's Seka fest |url=http://www.sqoop.co.ug/201904/news/events/ugandan-comedians-shine-at-kigalis-seka-fest.html |access-date=2 April 2019 |website=Sqoop}}</ref> Mu Gwokuna, yalabikira mu The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast, eyalagibwa ''omukubi'' wa firimu Luke Anthony ng'ekitundu kya Uganda Special.<ref name=":04">{{cite podcast|last=Anthony|first=Luke|title=Agnes Akite - Uganda Special|website=The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast|date=7 April 2019|url=https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|accessdate=9 April 2019|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531161219/https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mu Gwomusanvu 2019, yali omu ku bannakatemba ba Uganda abeetaba mu Laugh Festival mu Nairobi, Kenya,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nkurunzinza |first=James Peter |date=5 July 2019 |title=Rwandan comedian to perform at the 'Laugh Festival' in Nairobi |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/rwandan-comedian-perform-laugh-festival-nairobi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725035756/https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/rwandan-comedian-perform-laugh-festival-nairobi |archive-date=25 July 2019 |access-date=6 October 2019 |website=The New Times}} - {{Cite web |last=Zuri |first=Admin |date=24 July 2019 |title=International Laugh Festival (3rd Edition) |url=https://zurinews.com/laugh-festival-3-in-back-the-comedy-heist-full-infor/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925081054/https://zurinews.com/laugh-festival-3-in-back-the-comedy-heist-full-infor/ |archive-date=25 September 2019 |access-date=25 September 2019 |website=Zuri News}} - {{Cite web |last=Ngigi |first=Elizabeth |date=26 July 2019 |title=Laugh Festival Back for Round 3 |url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/sasa/word-is/2019-07-26-laugh-festival-back-for-round-3/ |access-date=25 September 2019 |website=The Star}} - {{Cite web |last=Kagonye |first=Fredrick |date=20 July 2019 |title=Wamlambez Dominates Laugh Festival |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001335745/wamlambez-dominates-laugh-festival |access-date=25 September 2019 |website=Standard Digital}}</ref> ate mu Gw'omwenda, yazannya mu Uganda North America Association Convention mu Chicago. Mu Gwekkumineebiri, ye yakulemberamu omukolo gwa One Africa Festival, ng'agezaako okulwanyisa obukyayi mu [[Port Elizabeth]], South Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 December 2019 |title=Comedy show fight against xenophobia |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/Local/PE-Express/comedy-show-fight-against-xenophobia-20191216 |access-date=26 December 2019 |website=News24}}</ref> Agnes yagenda mu maaso naategeka olulaga lwa ''Arise Woman Comedy Jam'' ''mu Gwokusatu 2020 era nga yaliwamu n'abakazi abalala okuva mu'' [[Fun Factory Uganda]] wamu ne [[Anne Kansiime]] n'abalala.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Matooke |first=Republic |date=4 March 2020 |title=Season Two of Arise Women Comedy Jam set to crack ribs this Friday – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20200304/season-two-of-arise-women-comedy-jam-set-to-crack-ribs-this-friday/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> Mu Ogw'omwenda 2022, Agnes ye yaweebwa ekyokuba muzannyi eyaggulawo olulaga mu ''Africa Laughs'' eya [[Patrick Salvador Idringi|Patrick Salvado Idringi]] ey'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ampurire |first=Paul |date=31 October 2022 |title=Africa Laughs 6 succeeds in debunking the stereotypes tagged on Uganda's stand-up |url=https://pluggedaily.com/2022/10/31/africa-laughs-6-succeeds-in-debunking-the-stereotypes-tagged-on-ugandas-standup/ |access-date=3 November 2022 |website=Plugged}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Namutebi |first=Phiona |date=26 October 2022 |title=Africa Laughs comedy show is back at Kololo Airstrip |url=https://capitalradio.co.ug/entertainment/2022-10-26-africa-laughs-comedy-show-is-back-at-kololo-airstrip/ |access-date=3 November 2022 |website=Capital Radio}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 October 2022 |title=Africa Laughs returns with comedic masterpiece |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/africa-laughs-returns-with-comedic-masterpiece/ |access-date=3 November 2022 |website=The Independent Uganda}}</ref> Nga 23 Ogwekkumi 2024 yategeka olulaga lwe yekka ku National Theatre lwe yatuuma Son of Opio.<ref name=":14">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> [[File:Fun_Factory_Ladies.jpg|alt=|thumb|257x257px|Abakyala okuva mu [[:en:Fun_Factory_Uganda|Fun Factory]] nga baliko akatundu katemba gwebakola mu lulaga olwa mu Arise Woman]] == Sitayiro ye eya Katemba == Enkola ya Agnes ey'okuzanyira ku siteegi ya Katemba ow'okwetegereza, mwatunuulira embeera eyewuunyisa mu bulamu bw'omuntu. Era olumu akozesa embeera ey'okwenyooma. Yeewala eby'obufuzi. == Obulamu bwe obw'omunda == Agnes mwana wakutaano<ref name=":15">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> mu maka agalimu abalenzi babiri, Richard ne Emmanuel, ne bagandabe mukaaga,Cathy, Grace, Mary, Susan, Harriet, ne Doreen. Muzadde wa baana babiri, Noel ne Brianna, era alina enkolagana ne Brian Makalama. Mukatoliki era asabira mu Kkanisa eya Our Lady of Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baike |first=Prisca |title=Comedian Agnes Akite has Bone to Pick with Minister Lokodo |url=https://www.observer.ug/lifestyle/43766-comedian-agnes-akite-has-bone-to-pick-with-minister-lokodo |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120095434/https://www.observer.ug/lifestyle/43766-comedian-agnes-akite-has-bone-to-pick-with-minister-lokodo |archive-date=20 November 2018 |access-date=19 October 2018 |website=The Observer |location=Uganda}}</ref> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri, yalumbibwa naakubwa ababbi bwe yali ava e Najjeera ku lulaga ekiro era yalumizibwa n'ekiwudu ku mutwe wamu n'ebinuubule ku liiso.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mwesigwa |first=Solomon |date=14 November 2023 |title=Comedienne Agnes Akite attacked and robbed by thugs after a quiz night session |url=https://mbu.ug/2023/11/14/agnes-akite-comedienne-robbed/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=MBU}}</ref> == Obuyambi bw'abantu == Agnes y'omu ku batandisi era akulira ekitongole ekya Arise Woman Foundation,<ref name=":16">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> ekirwanirira n'okuzzaamu amaanyi n'essuubi abakazi n'abavubuka. [citation needed] Ensimbi eziva mu kibiina ekya Arise Women! Comedy Jam ziweebwa eri Home of Hope, Jinja. [citation needed] == Firimu ze == {| class="wikitable" |+Emirundi gy'alabise ng'azannya mu firimu ne ttivi !Omwaka !Ekitiibwa !Omulimu gwe !Olukalala !Ebyafaayo |- |2009-2012 |''The Hostel'' |Envubu |NTV Uganda, DStv Africa Magic Entertainment, ZUKU TV, ne NTV KENYA | |- |2016 |Girl from Mparo |Maama Brian |[[Uganda Broadcasting Corporation|UBC]], DStv Pearl Magic | |- |2018 kati |''Mizigo Express'' |Muganzi wa Sam |DStv- Pearl Magi | |} == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * Akite Agnes at IMDb [[Category:Bannakatemba]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1983]] [[Category:Bannayuganda bannakatemba abayimirira bokka ku sitegi ne basesa abantu]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abakazi abazannyi ba katemba]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abakazi abazannyi ba firimu]] nsdhzxk2rtse32yeybs3gfatek0q17n 58640 58639 2026-07-03T20:22:19Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 added a category 58640 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akite Agnes''' (yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwokusatu 1983) Munnayuganda [[:en:Stand-up_comedy|omuzannyi wa Katemba ow'oku siteegi]], [[:en:Master_of_ceremonies|mwogezi w'oku mikolo]], era [[:en:Philanthropy|ayagala nyo okuyamba]]. Amanyiddwa nnyo olw'okuzannya nga Arach <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Nantaba |first=Agnes |date=19 October 2018 |title=Agnes Akite aka Arach on Funny Ugandans |url=https://southsudan.biz/uganda/2018/08/22/agnes-akite-aka-arach-on-funny-ugandans/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208124430/https://southsudan.biz/uganda/2018/08/22/agnes-akite-aka-arach-on-funny-ugandans/ |archive-date=8 December 2020 |access-date=19 October 2018 |website=Uganda News Archive}}</ref> mu firimu ya [[:en:The_Hostel_(TV_series)|The Hostel]]. Era yazannyirako mu firimu ya Pearl Magic's Girl from Mparo nga Mama Brian, muliraanwa alingiriza. Engeri ye eya Katemba ya kusaagirira ku nsonga eziruma abantu mu mbeera zaabwe eza bulijjo mu bulamu bwabwe. == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Agnes yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwokusatu 1983 mu [[Akite Agnes|Kampala,]] Uganda, mu maka ga Anthony Opio, omubalirizi w'ebitabo ne Hellen Opio. Ye mwana ow'okutaano mu baana mwenda,<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> bwe bazaalibwa. Yakulira Kitintale oluvannyuma n'adda e Mutungo, ebitundu ebiriraanye [[Kampala]]. Yakuzibwa nga [[Akite Agnes|Mukatoliki]] n'agenda mu St. Kizito Primary School, Bugolobi, gye yatuulira ebigezo bye eby'eky'omusanvu, era oluvannyuma yeegatta ku Our Lady of Good counsel, Gayaza gye yamalira siniya.Ebigezo ebya Siniya Eyookuna yabituulira ku Naalya S.S Namugongo oluvannyuma nadda ku St.Lawrence reamland Campus nga eno gyeyatuulira ebigezo ebya Siniya Eyoomukaaga oba UACE. Oluvannyuma yayingira [[Akite Agnes|Makerere University]] mu 2003 gye yafunira diguli esooka mu by'obulambuzi.<ref name="monitor">{{Cite web |title=Comedienne Agnes Akite's complicated path to stardom |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Comedienne-Agnes-Akite-complicated-path-stardom/689842-4984156-158g348z/index.html |access-date=1 June 2019 |website=Daily Monitor}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Mu 2009, Agnes yatuukirirwa [[Anne Kansiime|Anne]] Kansiime okuzannya mu firimu empya eyitibwa The Hostel oluvannyuma lwa mukwano gwe, Pamela, okugigaana. Yaweebwa ekifo kya Arach nga tasoose kugezesebwa.<ref name=":0">{{cite podcast|last=Anthony|first=Luke|title=Agnes Akite - Uganda Special|website=The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast|date=7 April 2019|url=https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|accessdate=9 April 2019|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531161219/https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Eno y'eyali entandikwa y'omulimu gwe ogw'okuzannya katemba. Omuzannyo Hostel gwali gwamanyibwa nyo mu Uganda, nga gwasook kulagibwa ku NTV ate oluvannyuma ku [[DStv]]. Agnes yasigala mu mizannyo guno ogw'okusiteegi emirundi esatu n'avaamu mu 2012 ng'ateekateeka okuzaala omwana we ow'okubiri, Brianna. [citation needed] Mu 2014, yatandika okuzannya emizannyo mu kibiin a ekiyitibwa The Punchliners, oluvannyuma lw'okusendebwasendebwa [[:en:Anne_Kansiime|Anne Kansiime]] ne Daniel Omara okugezaako okuzannya Katemba ow'okusiteegi.<ref name=":02">{{cite podcast|last=Anthony|first=Luke|title=Agnes Akite - Uganda Special|website=The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast|date=7 April 2019|url=https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|accessdate=9 April 2019|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531161219/https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="monitor2">{{Cite web |title=Comedienne Agnes Akite's complicated path to stardom |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Comedienne-Agnes-Akite-complicated-path-stardom/689842-4984156-158g348z/index.html |access-date=1 June 2019 |website=Daily Monitor}}</ref> Oluvannyuma yegatta ku Comedy Files. Mu 2015, y'omu ku baazannya Queens of Comedy Uganda vs Kings of Comedy Rwanda mu Kigali. Mu 2016, yalabikira mu Girl from Mparo nga Mama Brian, omuzannyo ogwalagibwanga ku UBC<ref>{{Cite web |title=Girl From Mparo |url=https://ubc.ug/index.php/timetable/event/mparo/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121161802/https://ubc.ug/index.php/timetable/event/mparo/ |archive-date=21 November 2018 |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Uganda Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref> n'oluvannyuma ne guteekebwa ku DSTV's Pearl Magic. Mu 2018, endagaano ye ne Comedy Files ng'eweddeko, Agnes yatandika okukola emirimu gye obwomu ku mikutu gya katemba egy'enjawulo, omuli Rock Comedy ne Comedy Store Ug, ayanjulibwa [[:en:Alex_Muhangi|Alex Muhangi]]. Mu mwezi Ogw'omukaaga, yalabika mu kivulu ekya Kampala Comedy, ogwategekebwa Okello Okello, munnakatemba omwatuukirivu mu Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Atungisa |first=Don |date=2 July 2018 |title=PHOTOS: How it Went Down at the Inaugural Kampala Comedy Festival |url=https://pulse.mtn.co.ug/photos-how-it-went-down-at-the-inaugural-kampala-comedy-festival%20) |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=3 October 2018 |website=MTN Pulse}} - {{Cite web |last=Nakassanje |first=Winnie |date=5 July 2018 |title=The First Ever Kampala Comedy Festival Reveals New Internationals |url=https://kampalasun.co.ug/2018/07/05/the-first-ever-kampala-comedy-festival-reveales-new-international/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121203732/https://kampalasun.co.ug/2018/07/05/the-first-ever-kampala-comedy-festival-reveales-new-international/ |archive-date=21 November 2018 |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=The Kampala Sun}}</ref> Bwe yakomawo mu Comedy Stores UG mu Ogw'omunaana, yakwata abantu omubabiro.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ampurire |first=Paul |date=20 July 2018 |title=Comedienne Agned Arach Impresses Revellers on Comedy Store |url=https://www.softpower.ug/comedienne-agnes-arach-impresses-revellers-on-comedy-store/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Soft Power News}}</ref> Ekitundu ky'omuzannyo ogwo kyayatiikirira nnyo ku mukutu ogwa ''[[:en:WhatsApp|WhatsApp]]'', gye yatenderezebwa ennyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ampurire |first=Paul |date=20 July 2018 |title=Comedienne Agned Arach Impresses Revellers on Comedy Store |url=https://www.softpower.ug/comedienne-agnes-arach-impresses-revellers-on-comedy-store/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Soft Power News}}</ref> Yagamba nti omuzannyo guno gwali gumanyiddwa nnyo olw'omulimu gwa Comedy Store gwe yakola ku mikutu emigatta bantu, ne Kakensa Media, olwokubeera n'abagoberezi abangi ku Facebook.<ref name=":03">{{cite podcast|last=Anthony|first=Luke|title=Agnes Akite - Uganda Special|website=The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast|date=7 April 2019|url=https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|accessdate=9 April 2019|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531161219/https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wakati w'Ogwomunaana n'Ogwekkuminoogumu, Agnes yali omu ku ba UG Pineapple Comedy Tour, ekyamutwala mu bitundu by'eggwanga eby'enjawulo omuli [[:en:Mbale|Mbale]], [[Gulu]], [[Fort Portal]], [[Jinja]], ne [[:en:Mbarara|Mbarara]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oneal |first=Nicholas |date=1 August 2018 |title=Kampala Comedians Thrill Mbale Residents |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1482561/kampala-comedians-thrill-mbale-residents |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=New Vision}} - {{Cite web |last=Emorut |first=Brian |date=19 September 2018 |title=Gulu Comedy Fans Embrace Ug Pineapple |url=http://guide2uganda.ug/weekend-buzz-gulu-comedy-fans-embrace-ug-pineapple-comedy-tour/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Guide 2 Uganda}} - {{Cite web |last=Shantel |first=Denzel |date=21 November 2018 |title=Jinja Comedy Fans Get a Taste of the New Ug Pineapple |url=https://www.showbizuganda.com/jinja-comedy-fans-get-a-taste-of-the-new-ug-pineapple/?pr=70278&lang=en |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=Showbiz Uganda}} - {{Cite web |last=Abenaitwe |first=Cliff |date=21 November 2018 |title=Fanfare at the Mbarara Ug Pineapple Comedy Tour |url=https://mbararanews.co.ug/fanfare-at-the-mbarara-ug-pineapple-comedy-tour-lf/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=Mbarara News}}</ref> Yali omu ku baali mu kibinja kya Comedy Store Ug ekyagenda e Mbarara okuzannya emizannyo gyayo egisookera ddala ebweru wa Kampala.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ampurire |first=Paul |date=25 September 2018 |title=PICTORIAL: MC Mariachi Wows Mbarara During Comedy Store's Tour |url=https://www.softpower.ug/pictorial-mc-mariachi-wows-mbarara-during-comedy-stores-tour/ |access-date=26 September 2019 |website=SoftPower News}}</ref> Agnes yalabikira omulundi ogwasooka mu kitundu eky'okuna ekya ''Africa'' Laughs nga 8 Ogwekkumi mu [[:en:Kampala_Serena_Hotel|Kampala Serena Hotel]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Larubi |first=Robert |date=9 October 2018 |title=Africa Laughs Season 4 Drama and Humour Leaves Revellers in Tears |url=https://www.softpower.ug/africa-laughs-season-4-drama-and-humour-leave-revelers-in-tears/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=Soft Power News}} - {{Cite web |last= |first= |date=10 October 2018 |title=Africa Laughs Season 4 Leaves Uganda Dying with Laughter |url=http://www.ghafla.com/ug/africa-laughs-season-4-leaves-uganda-dying-with-laughter/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=12 October 2018 |website=Ghafla}} - {{Cite web |last=Matooke |first=Republic |date=9 October 2018 |title=Drama and Rib Cracking Laughter Light Up Africa Laughs Season 4 |url=https://matookerepublic.com/2018/10/09/drama-and-rib-cracking-humour-light-up-africa-laughs-season-4/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> eyategekebwa [[:en:Patrick_Salvador_Idringi|Patrick Salvador Idringi]], n'abazannyi ba katemba abalala okwali [[:en:Basketmouth|Basketmouth]], Alfred Kainga, [[:en:Eddie_Kadi|Eddie Kadi]], Mc Jesse, Pulofeesa Haimo, ne Arthur Nkusi. Mu Gwekkumineebiri, yaddamu okuzannya, ku mulundi guno ng'ali ne [[:en:Fun_Factory_Uganda|Fun Factory]] mu firimu ez'ebitundu eziragibwa ku TV eyitibwa ''Mizigo Express'', nga muganzi wa Sam. Ku ntandikwa ey'Ogwokusatu 2019, Agnes yatandikawo era n'atongoza [[:en:Fun_Factory_Uganda|Arise Woman!]] [[:en:Fun_Factory_Uganda|Comedy Jam]]<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref>ku [[:en:International_Women's_Day|lunaku lw'abakyala olw'ensi yonna]]. Mu kukuza olunaku lw'okuwummula, omuzannyo gwaliko abakazi bonna abazannyi aba Katemba,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kulanyi |first=Rachael |date=11 March 2019 |title=Female comedians celebrate Women's day in a comedy show dubbed 'Arise Woman Comedy Jam |url=https://matookerepublic.com/2019/03/11/female-comedians-celebrate-womens-day-in-a-comedy-show-dubbed-arise-woman-comedy-jam/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=12 March 2019 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> omwali Nancy Kobusheshe, Maggie the Bwaiserian, Rich Mouth, Dora Nakagga, Leila Kachapizo, n'abakyala ba Fun Factory. Ekitundu ky'ensimbi ezaava mu lulaga luno zaweebwa eri abetaaga obuyambi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Emuk |first=Benjamen |date=9 March 2019 |title=Ugandan Female Comics Dedicate 'Arise Woman Comedy Jam' Show to Charity |url=https://life.chimpreports.com/ugandan-female-comics-dedicate-arise-woman-comedy-jam-show-to-charity/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402081323/https://life.chimpreports.com/ugandan-female-comics-dedicate-arise-woman-comedy-jam-show-to-charity/ |archive-date=2 April 2019 |access-date=12 March 2019 |website=Chimp Reports}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'Ogwokusatu, Agnes yaddayo e Kigali ng'ali mu Seka Fest, n'abazannyi abalala okuva mu Uganda, Kenya, ne Nigeria.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Batte |first=Edgar. R |date=1 April 2019 |title=Ugandan comedians shine at Kigali's Seka fest |url=http://www.sqoop.co.ug/201904/news/events/ugandan-comedians-shine-at-kigalis-seka-fest.html |access-date=2 April 2019 |website=Sqoop}}</ref> Mu Gwokuna, yalabikira mu The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast, eyalagibwa ''omukubi'' wa firimu Luke Anthony ng'ekitundu kya Uganda Special.<ref name=":04">{{cite podcast|last=Anthony|first=Luke|title=Agnes Akite - Uganda Special|website=The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast|date=7 April 2019|url=https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|accessdate=9 April 2019|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531161219/https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mu Gwomusanvu 2019, yali omu ku bannakatemba ba Uganda abeetaba mu Laugh Festival mu Nairobi, Kenya,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nkurunzinza |first=James Peter |date=5 July 2019 |title=Rwandan comedian to perform at the 'Laugh Festival' in Nairobi |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/rwandan-comedian-perform-laugh-festival-nairobi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725035756/https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/rwandan-comedian-perform-laugh-festival-nairobi |archive-date=25 July 2019 |access-date=6 October 2019 |website=The New Times}} - {{Cite web |last=Zuri |first=Admin |date=24 July 2019 |title=International Laugh Festival (3rd Edition) |url=https://zurinews.com/laugh-festival-3-in-back-the-comedy-heist-full-infor/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925081054/https://zurinews.com/laugh-festival-3-in-back-the-comedy-heist-full-infor/ |archive-date=25 September 2019 |access-date=25 September 2019 |website=Zuri News}} - {{Cite web |last=Ngigi |first=Elizabeth |date=26 July 2019 |title=Laugh Festival Back for Round 3 |url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/sasa/word-is/2019-07-26-laugh-festival-back-for-round-3/ |access-date=25 September 2019 |website=The Star}} - {{Cite web |last=Kagonye |first=Fredrick |date=20 July 2019 |title=Wamlambez Dominates Laugh Festival |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001335745/wamlambez-dominates-laugh-festival |access-date=25 September 2019 |website=Standard Digital}}</ref> ate mu Gw'omwenda, yazannya mu Uganda North America Association Convention mu Chicago. Mu Gwekkumineebiri, ye yakulemberamu omukolo gwa One Africa Festival, ng'agezaako okulwanyisa obukyayi mu [[Port Elizabeth]], South Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 December 2019 |title=Comedy show fight against xenophobia |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/Local/PE-Express/comedy-show-fight-against-xenophobia-20191216 |access-date=26 December 2019 |website=News24}}</ref> Agnes yagenda mu maaso naategeka olulaga lwa ''Arise Woman Comedy Jam'' ''mu Gwokusatu 2020 era nga yaliwamu n'abakazi abalala okuva mu'' [[Fun Factory Uganda]] wamu ne [[Anne Kansiime]] n'abalala.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Matooke |first=Republic |date=4 March 2020 |title=Season Two of Arise Women Comedy Jam set to crack ribs this Friday – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20200304/season-two-of-arise-women-comedy-jam-set-to-crack-ribs-this-friday/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> Mu Ogw'omwenda 2022, Agnes ye yaweebwa ekyokuba muzannyi eyaggulawo olulaga mu ''Africa Laughs'' eya [[Patrick Salvador Idringi|Patrick Salvado Idringi]] ey'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ampurire |first=Paul |date=31 October 2022 |title=Africa Laughs 6 succeeds in debunking the stereotypes tagged on Uganda's stand-up |url=https://pluggedaily.com/2022/10/31/africa-laughs-6-succeeds-in-debunking-the-stereotypes-tagged-on-ugandas-standup/ |access-date=3 November 2022 |website=Plugged}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Namutebi |first=Phiona |date=26 October 2022 |title=Africa Laughs comedy show is back at Kololo Airstrip |url=https://capitalradio.co.ug/entertainment/2022-10-26-africa-laughs-comedy-show-is-back-at-kololo-airstrip/ |access-date=3 November 2022 |website=Capital Radio}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 October 2022 |title=Africa Laughs returns with comedic masterpiece |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/africa-laughs-returns-with-comedic-masterpiece/ |access-date=3 November 2022 |website=The Independent Uganda}}</ref> Nga 23 Ogwekkumi 2024 yategeka olulaga lwe yekka ku National Theatre lwe yatuuma Son of Opio.<ref name=":14">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> [[File:Fun_Factory_Ladies.jpg|alt=|thumb|257x257px|Abakyala okuva mu [[:en:Fun_Factory_Uganda|Fun Factory]] nga baliko akatundu katemba gwebakola mu lulaga olwa mu Arise Woman]] == Sitayiro ye eya Katemba == Enkola ya Agnes ey'okuzanyira ku siteegi ya Katemba ow'okwetegereza, mwatunuulira embeera eyewuunyisa mu bulamu bw'omuntu. Era olumu akozesa embeera ey'okwenyooma. Yeewala eby'obufuzi. == Obulamu bwe obw'omunda == Agnes mwana wakutaano<ref name=":15">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> mu maka agalimu abalenzi babiri, Richard ne Emmanuel, ne bagandabe mukaaga,Cathy, Grace, Mary, Susan, Harriet, ne Doreen. Muzadde wa baana babiri, Noel ne Brianna, era alina enkolagana ne Brian Makalama. Mukatoliki era asabira mu Kkanisa eya Our Lady of Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baike |first=Prisca |title=Comedian Agnes Akite has Bone to Pick with Minister Lokodo |url=https://www.observer.ug/lifestyle/43766-comedian-agnes-akite-has-bone-to-pick-with-minister-lokodo |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120095434/https://www.observer.ug/lifestyle/43766-comedian-agnes-akite-has-bone-to-pick-with-minister-lokodo |archive-date=20 November 2018 |access-date=19 October 2018 |website=The Observer |location=Uganda}}</ref> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri, yalumbibwa naakubwa ababbi bwe yali ava e Najjeera ku lulaga ekiro era yalumizibwa n'ekiwudu ku mutwe wamu n'ebinuubule ku liiso.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mwesigwa |first=Solomon |date=14 November 2023 |title=Comedienne Agnes Akite attacked and robbed by thugs after a quiz night session |url=https://mbu.ug/2023/11/14/agnes-akite-comedienne-robbed/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=MBU}}</ref> == Obuyambi bw'abantu == Agnes y'omu ku batandisi era akulira ekitongole ekya Arise Woman Foundation,<ref name=":16">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> ekirwanirira n'okuzzaamu amaanyi n'essuubi abakazi n'abavubuka. [citation needed] Ensimbi eziva mu kibiina ekya Arise Women! Comedy Jam ziweebwa eri Home of Hope, Jinja. [citation needed] == Firimu ze == {| class="wikitable" |+Emirundi gy'alabise ng'azannya mu firimu ne ttivi !Omwaka !Ekitiibwa !Omulimu gwe !Olukalala !Ebyafaayo |- |2009-2012 |''The Hostel'' |Envubu |NTV Uganda, DStv Africa Magic Entertainment, ZUKU TV, ne NTV KENYA | |- |2016 |Girl from Mparo |Maama Brian |[[Uganda Broadcasting Corporation|UBC]], DStv Pearl Magic | |- |2018 kati |''Mizigo Express'' |Muganzi wa Sam |DStv- Pearl Magi | |} == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * Akite Agnes at IMDb [[Category:Bannakatemba]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1983]] [[Category:Bannayuganda bannakatemba abayimirira bokka ku sitegi ne basesa abantu]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abakazi abazannyi ba katemba]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abakazi abazannyi ba firimu]] [[Category:Abantu abava e Kampala]] q0mcu8bz7dtco816uz0xljbs4e07c2h 58641 58640 2026-07-03T20:27:29Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 corrected grammar and punctuations and spellings and de-wikilinked 58641 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akite Agnes''' (yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwokusatu 1983) Munnayuganda [[omuzannyi wa Katemba]] ow'oku siteegi, [[mwogezi w'oku mikolo]], era [[Ayagala nyo okuyamba|ayagala ennyo okuyamba]]. Amanyiddwa nnyo olw'okuzannya nga Arach <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Nantaba |first=Agnes |date=19 October 2018 |title=Agnes Akite aka Arach on Funny Ugandans |url=https://southsudan.biz/uganda/2018/08/22/agnes-akite-aka-arach-on-funny-ugandans/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208124430/https://southsudan.biz/uganda/2018/08/22/agnes-akite-aka-arach-on-funny-ugandans/ |archive-date=8 December 2020 |access-date=19 October 2018 |website=Uganda News Archive}}</ref> mu firimu ya [[The Hostel]]. Era yazannyirako mu firimu ya Pearl Magic's Girl from Mparo nga Mama Brian, muliraanwa alingiriza. Engeri ye eya Katemba ya kusaagirira ku nsonga eziruma abantu mu mbeera zaabwe eza bulijjo mu bulamu bwabwe. == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Agnes yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwokusatu 1983 mu [[Akite Agnes|Kampala,]] Uganda, mu maka ga Anthony Opio, omubalirizi w'ebitabo ne Hellen Opio. Ye mwana ow'okutaano mu baana mwenda,<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> bwe bazaalibwa. Yakulira Kitintale oluvannyuma n'adda e Mutungo, ebitundu ebiriraanye [[Kampala]]. Yakuzibwa nga [[Akite Agnes|Mukatoliki]] n'agenda mu St. Kizito Primary School, Bugolobi, gye yatuulira ebigezo bye eby'eky'omusanvu, era oluvannyuma yeegatta ku Our Lady of Good counsel, Gayaza gye yamalira siniya.Ebigezo ebya Siniya Eyookuna yabituulira ku Naalya S.S Namugongo oluvannyuma nadda ku St.Lawrence reamland Campus nga eno gyeyatuulira ebigezo ebya Siniya Eyoomukaaga oba UACE. Oluvannyuma yayingira [[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|Makerere University]] mu 2003 gye yafunira diguli esooka mu by'obulambuzi.<ref name="monitor">{{Cite web |title=Comedienne Agnes Akite's complicated path to stardom |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Comedienne-Agnes-Akite-complicated-path-stardom/689842-4984156-158g348z/index.html |access-date=1 June 2019 |website=Daily Monitor}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Mu 2009, Agnes yatuukirirwa [[Anne Kansiime]] okuzannya mu firimu empya eyitibwa The Hostel oluvannyuma lwa mukwano gwe, Pamela, okugigaana. Yaweebwa ekifo kya Arach nga tasoose kugezesebwa.<ref name=":0">{{cite podcast|last=Anthony|first=Luke|title=Agnes Akite - Uganda Special|website=The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast|date=7 April 2019|url=https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|accessdate=9 April 2019|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531161219/https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Eno y'eyali entandikwa y'omulimu gwe ogw'okuzannya katemba. Omuzannyo Hostel gwali gwamanyibwa nyo mu Uganda, nga gwasook kulagibwa ku NTV ate oluvannyuma ku [[DStv]]. Agnes yasigala mu mizannyo guno ogw'okusiteegi emirundi esatu n'avaamu mu 2012 ng'ateekateeka okuzaala omwana we ow'okubiri, Brianna. [citation needed] Mu 2014, yatandika okuzannya emizannyo mu kibiina ekiyitibwa The Punchliners, oluvannyuma lw'okusendebwasendebwa [[Anne Kansiime]] ne Daniel Omara okugezaako okuzannya Katemba ow'okusiteegi.<ref name=":02">{{cite podcast|last=Anthony|first=Luke|title=Agnes Akite - Uganda Special|website=The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast|date=7 April 2019|url=https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|accessdate=9 April 2019|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531161219/https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="monitor2">{{Cite web |title=Comedienne Agnes Akite's complicated path to stardom |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Comedienne-Agnes-Akite-complicated-path-stardom/689842-4984156-158g348z/index.html |access-date=1 June 2019 |website=Daily Monitor}}</ref> Oluvannyuma yegatta ku Comedy Files. Mu 2015, y'omu ku baazannya Queens of Comedy Uganda vs Kings of Comedy Rwanda mu Kigali. Mu 2016, yalabikira mu Girl from Mparo nga Mama Brian, omuzannyo ogwalagibwanga ku UBC<ref>{{Cite web |title=Girl From Mparo |url=https://ubc.ug/index.php/timetable/event/mparo/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121161802/https://ubc.ug/index.php/timetable/event/mparo/ |archive-date=21 November 2018 |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Uganda Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref> n'oluvannyuma ne guteekebwa ku DSTV's Pearl Magic. Mu 2018, endagaano ye ne Comedy Files ng'eweddeko, Agnes yatandika okukola emirimu gye obwomu ku mikutu gya katemba egy'enjawulo, omuli Rock Comedy ne Comedy Store Ug, ayanjulibwa [[Alex Muhangi]]. Mu mwezi Ogw'omukaaga, yalabika mu kivulu ekya Kampala Comedy, ogwategekebwa Okello Okello, munnakatemba omwatuukirivu mu Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Atungisa |first=Don |date=2 July 2018 |title=PHOTOS: How it Went Down at the Inaugural Kampala Comedy Festival |url=https://pulse.mtn.co.ug/photos-how-it-went-down-at-the-inaugural-kampala-comedy-festival%20) |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=3 October 2018 |website=MTN Pulse}} - {{Cite web |last=Nakassanje |first=Winnie |date=5 July 2018 |title=The First Ever Kampala Comedy Festival Reveals New Internationals |url=https://kampalasun.co.ug/2018/07/05/the-first-ever-kampala-comedy-festival-reveales-new-international/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121203732/https://kampalasun.co.ug/2018/07/05/the-first-ever-kampala-comedy-festival-reveales-new-international/ |archive-date=21 November 2018 |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=The Kampala Sun}}</ref> Bwe yakomawo mu Comedy Stores UG mu Ogw'omunaana, yakwata abantu omubabiro.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ampurire |first=Paul |date=20 July 2018 |title=Comedienne Agned Arach Impresses Revellers on Comedy Store |url=https://www.softpower.ug/comedienne-agnes-arach-impresses-revellers-on-comedy-store/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Soft Power News}}</ref> Ekitundu ky'omuzannyo ogwo kyayatiikirira nnyo ku mukutu ogwa ''[[WhatsApp]]'', gye yatenderezebwa ennyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ampurire |first=Paul |date=20 July 2018 |title=Comedienne Agned Arach Impresses Revellers on Comedy Store |url=https://www.softpower.ug/comedienne-agnes-arach-impresses-revellers-on-comedy-store/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Soft Power News}}</ref> Yagamba nti omuzannyo guno gwali gumanyiddwa nnyo olw'omulimu gwa Comedy Store gwe yakola ku mikutu emigatta bantu, ne Kakensa Media, olwokubeera n'abagoberezi abangi ku Facebook.<ref name=":03">{{cite podcast|last=Anthony|first=Luke|title=Agnes Akite - Uganda Special|website=The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast|date=7 April 2019|url=https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|accessdate=9 April 2019|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531161219/https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wakati w'Ogwomunaana n'Ogwekkuminoogumu, Agnes yali omu ku ba UG Pineapple Comedy Tour, ekyamutwala mu bitundu by'eggwanga eby'enjawulo omuli [[Mbale]], [[Gulu]], [[Fort Portal]], [[Jinja]], ne [[Mbarara (disitulikit)|Mbarara]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oneal |first=Nicholas |date=1 August 2018 |title=Kampala Comedians Thrill Mbale Residents |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1482561/kampala-comedians-thrill-mbale-residents |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=New Vision}} - {{Cite web |last=Emorut |first=Brian |date=19 September 2018 |title=Gulu Comedy Fans Embrace Ug Pineapple |url=http://guide2uganda.ug/weekend-buzz-gulu-comedy-fans-embrace-ug-pineapple-comedy-tour/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Guide 2 Uganda}} - {{Cite web |last=Shantel |first=Denzel |date=21 November 2018 |title=Jinja Comedy Fans Get a Taste of the New Ug Pineapple |url=https://www.showbizuganda.com/jinja-comedy-fans-get-a-taste-of-the-new-ug-pineapple/?pr=70278&lang=en |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=Showbiz Uganda}} - {{Cite web |last=Abenaitwe |first=Cliff |date=21 November 2018 |title=Fanfare at the Mbarara Ug Pineapple Comedy Tour |url=https://mbararanews.co.ug/fanfare-at-the-mbarara-ug-pineapple-comedy-tour-lf/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=Mbarara News}}</ref> Yali omu ku baali mu kibinja kya Comedy Store Ug ekyagenda e Mbarara okuzannya emizannyo gyayo egisookera ddala ebweru wa Kampala.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ampurire |first=Paul |date=25 September 2018 |title=PICTORIAL: MC Mariachi Wows Mbarara During Comedy Store's Tour |url=https://www.softpower.ug/pictorial-mc-mariachi-wows-mbarara-during-comedy-stores-tour/ |access-date=26 September 2019 |website=SoftPower News}}</ref> Agnes yalabikira omulundi ogwasooka mu kitundu eky'okuna ekya ''Africa'' Laughs nga 8 Ogwekkumi mu [[Kampala Serena Hotel]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Larubi |first=Robert |date=9 October 2018 |title=Africa Laughs Season 4 Drama and Humour Leaves Revellers in Tears |url=https://www.softpower.ug/africa-laughs-season-4-drama-and-humour-leave-revelers-in-tears/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=Soft Power News}} - {{Cite web |last= |first= |date=10 October 2018 |title=Africa Laughs Season 4 Leaves Uganda Dying with Laughter |url=http://www.ghafla.com/ug/africa-laughs-season-4-leaves-uganda-dying-with-laughter/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=12 October 2018 |website=Ghafla}} - {{Cite web |last=Matooke |first=Republic |date=9 October 2018 |title=Drama and Rib Cracking Laughter Light Up Africa Laughs Season 4 |url=https://matookerepublic.com/2018/10/09/drama-and-rib-cracking-humour-light-up-africa-laughs-season-4/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> eyategekebwa [[Patrick Salvador Idringi]], n'abazannyi ba katemba abalala okwali [[Basketmouth]], Alfred Kainga, [[Eddie Kadi]], Mc Jesse, Pulofeesa Haimo, ne Arthur Nkusi. Mu Gwekkumineebiri, yaddamu okuzannya, ku mulundi guno ng'ali ne [[Fun Factory]] mu firimu ez'ebitundu eziragibwa ku TV eyitibwa ''Mizigo Express'', nga muganzi wa Sam. Ku ntandikwa ey'Ogwokusatu 2019, Agnes yatandikawo era n'atongoza [[Arise Woman!]] [[Comedy Jam]]<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref>ku [[lunaku lw'abakyala olw'ensi yonna]]. Mu kukuza olunaku lw'okuwummula, omuzannyo gwaliko abakazi bonna abazannyi aba Katemba,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kulanyi |first=Rachael |date=11 March 2019 |title=Female comedians celebrate Women's day in a comedy show dubbed 'Arise Woman Comedy Jam |url=https://matookerepublic.com/2019/03/11/female-comedians-celebrate-womens-day-in-a-comedy-show-dubbed-arise-woman-comedy-jam/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=12 March 2019 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> omwali Nancy Kobusheshe, Maggie the Bwaiserian, Rich Mouth, Dora Nakagga, Leila Kachapizo, n'abakyala ba Fun Factory. Ekitundu ky'ensimbi ezaava mu lulaga luno zaweebwa eri abetaaga obuyambi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Emuk |first=Benjamen |date=9 March 2019 |title=Ugandan Female Comics Dedicate 'Arise Woman Comedy Jam' Show to Charity |url=https://life.chimpreports.com/ugandan-female-comics-dedicate-arise-woman-comedy-jam-show-to-charity/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402081323/https://life.chimpreports.com/ugandan-female-comics-dedicate-arise-woman-comedy-jam-show-to-charity/ |archive-date=2 April 2019 |access-date=12 March 2019 |website=Chimp Reports}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'Ogwokusatu, Agnes yaddayo e Kigali ng'ali mu Seka Fest, n'abazannyi abalala okuva mu Uganda, Kenya, ne Nigeria.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Batte |first=Edgar. R |date=1 April 2019 |title=Ugandan comedians shine at Kigali's Seka fest |url=http://www.sqoop.co.ug/201904/news/events/ugandan-comedians-shine-at-kigalis-seka-fest.html |access-date=2 April 2019 |website=Sqoop}}</ref> Mu Gwokuna, yalabikira mu The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast, eyalagibwa ''omukubi'' wa firimu Luke Anthony ng'ekitundu kya Uganda Special.<ref name=":04">{{cite podcast|last=Anthony|first=Luke|title=Agnes Akite - Uganda Special|website=The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast|date=7 April 2019|url=https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|accessdate=9 April 2019|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531161219/https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mu Gwomusanvu 2019, yali omu ku bannakatemba ba Uganda abeetaba mu Laugh Festival mu Nairobi, Kenya,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nkurunzinza |first=James Peter |date=5 July 2019 |title=Rwandan comedian to perform at the 'Laugh Festival' in Nairobi |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/rwandan-comedian-perform-laugh-festival-nairobi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725035756/https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/rwandan-comedian-perform-laugh-festival-nairobi |archive-date=25 July 2019 |access-date=6 October 2019 |website=The New Times}} - {{Cite web |last=Zuri |first=Admin |date=24 July 2019 |title=International Laugh Festival (3rd Edition) |url=https://zurinews.com/laugh-festival-3-in-back-the-comedy-heist-full-infor/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925081054/https://zurinews.com/laugh-festival-3-in-back-the-comedy-heist-full-infor/ |archive-date=25 September 2019 |access-date=25 September 2019 |website=Zuri News}} - {{Cite web |last=Ngigi |first=Elizabeth |date=26 July 2019 |title=Laugh Festival Back for Round 3 |url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/sasa/word-is/2019-07-26-laugh-festival-back-for-round-3/ |access-date=25 September 2019 |website=The Star}} - {{Cite web |last=Kagonye |first=Fredrick |date=20 July 2019 |title=Wamlambez Dominates Laugh Festival |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001335745/wamlambez-dominates-laugh-festival |access-date=25 September 2019 |website=Standard Digital}}</ref> ate mu Gw'omwenda, yazannya mu Uganda North America Association Convention mu Chicago. Mu Gwekkumineebiri, ye yakulemberamu omukolo gwa One Africa Festival, ng'agezaako okulwanyisa obukyayi mu [[Port Elizabeth]], South Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 December 2019 |title=Comedy show fight against xenophobia |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/Local/PE-Express/comedy-show-fight-against-xenophobia-20191216 |access-date=26 December 2019 |website=News24}}</ref> Agnes yagenda mu maaso naategeka olulaga lwa ''Arise Woman Comedy Jam'' ''mu Gwokusatu 2020 era nga yaliwamu n'abakazi abalala okuva mu'' [[Fun Factory Uganda]] wamu ne [[Anne Kansiime]] n'abalala.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Matooke |first=Republic |date=4 March 2020 |title=Season Two of Arise Women Comedy Jam set to crack ribs this Friday – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20200304/season-two-of-arise-women-comedy-jam-set-to-crack-ribs-this-friday/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> Mu Ogw'omwenda 2022, Agnes ye yaweebwa ekyokuba muzannyi eyaggulawo olulaga mu ''Africa Laughs'' eya [[Patrick Salvador Idringi|Patrick Salvado Idringi]] ey'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ampurire |first=Paul |date=31 October 2022 |title=Africa Laughs 6 succeeds in debunking the stereotypes tagged on Uganda's stand-up |url=https://pluggedaily.com/2022/10/31/africa-laughs-6-succeeds-in-debunking-the-stereotypes-tagged-on-ugandas-standup/ |access-date=3 November 2022 |website=Plugged}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Namutebi |first=Phiona |date=26 October 2022 |title=Africa Laughs comedy show is back at Kololo Airstrip |url=https://capitalradio.co.ug/entertainment/2022-10-26-africa-laughs-comedy-show-is-back-at-kololo-airstrip/ |access-date=3 November 2022 |website=Capital Radio}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 October 2022 |title=Africa Laughs returns with comedic masterpiece |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/africa-laughs-returns-with-comedic-masterpiece/ |access-date=3 November 2022 |website=The Independent Uganda}}</ref> Nga 23 Ogwekkumi 2024 yategeka olulaga lwe yekka ku National Theatre lwe yatuuma Son of Opio.<ref name=":14">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> [[File:Fun_Factory_Ladies.jpg|alt=|thumb|257x257px|Abakyala okuva mu [[:en:Fun_Factory_Uganda|Fun Factory]] nga baliko akatundu katemba gwebakola mu lulaga olwa mu Arise Woman]] == Sitayiro ye eya Katemba == Enkola ya Agnes ey'okuzanyira ku siteegi ya Katemba ow'okwetegereza, mwatunuulira embeera eyewuunyisa mu bulamu bw'omuntu. Era olumu akozesa embeera ey'okwenyooma. Yeewala eby'obufuzi. == Obulamu bwe obw'omunda == Agnes mwana wakutaano<ref name=":15">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> mu maka agalimu abalenzi babiri, Richard ne Emmanuel, ne bagandabe mukaaga,Cathy, Grace, Mary, Susan, Harriet, ne Doreen. Muzadde wa baana babiri, Noel ne Brianna, era alina enkolagana ne Brian Makalama. Mukatoliki era asabira mu Kkanisa eya Our Lady of Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baike |first=Prisca |title=Comedian Agnes Akite has Bone to Pick with Minister Lokodo |url=https://www.observer.ug/lifestyle/43766-comedian-agnes-akite-has-bone-to-pick-with-minister-lokodo |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120095434/https://www.observer.ug/lifestyle/43766-comedian-agnes-akite-has-bone-to-pick-with-minister-lokodo |archive-date=20 November 2018 |access-date=19 October 2018 |website=The Observer |location=Uganda}}</ref> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri, yalumbibwa naakubwa ababbi bwe yali ava e Najjeera ku lulaga ekiro era yalumizibwa n'ekiwudu ku mutwe wamu n'ebinuubule ku liiso.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mwesigwa |first=Solomon |date=14 November 2023 |title=Comedienne Agnes Akite attacked and robbed by thugs after a quiz night session |url=https://mbu.ug/2023/11/14/agnes-akite-comedienne-robbed/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=MBU}}</ref> == Obuyambi bw'abantu == Agnes y'omu ku batandisi era akulira ekitongole ekya Arise Woman Foundation,<ref name=":16">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> ekirwanirira n'okuzzaamu amaanyi n'essuubi abakazi n'abavubuka. [citation needed] Ensimbi eziva mu kibiina ekya Arise Women! Comedy Jam ziweebwa eri Home of Hope, Jinja. [citation needed] == Firimu ze == {| class="wikitable" |+Emirundi gy'alabise ng'azannya mu firimu ne ttivi !Omwaka !Ekitiibwa !Omulimu gwe !Olukalala !Ebyafaayo |- |2009-2012 |''The Hostel'' |Envubu |NTV Uganda, DStv Africa Magic Entertainment, ZUKU TV, ne NTV KENYA | |- |2016 |Girl from Mparo |Maama Brian |[[Uganda Broadcasting Corporation|UBC]], DStv Pearl Magic | |- |2018 kati |''Mizigo Express'' |Muganzi wa Sam |DStv- Pearl Magi | |} == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * Akite Agnes at IMDb [[Category:Bannakatemba]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1983]] [[Category:Bannayuganda bannakatemba abayimirira bokka ku sitegi ne basesa abantu]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abakazi abazannyi ba katemba]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abakazi abazannyi ba firimu]] [[Category:Abantu abava e Kampala]] muiduwrptc9xab1plkdxvtfmfzik4q6 58644 58641 2026-07-03T20:31:01Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 added a category 58644 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akite Agnes''' (yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwokusatu 1983) Munnayuganda [[omuzannyi wa Katemba]] ow'oku siteegi, [[mwogezi w'oku mikolo]], era [[Ayagala nyo okuyamba|ayagala ennyo okuyamba]]. Amanyiddwa nnyo olw'okuzannya nga Arach <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Nantaba |first=Agnes |date=19 October 2018 |title=Agnes Akite aka Arach on Funny Ugandans |url=https://southsudan.biz/uganda/2018/08/22/agnes-akite-aka-arach-on-funny-ugandans/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208124430/https://southsudan.biz/uganda/2018/08/22/agnes-akite-aka-arach-on-funny-ugandans/ |archive-date=8 December 2020 |access-date=19 October 2018 |website=Uganda News Archive}}</ref> mu firimu ya [[The Hostel]]. Era yazannyirako mu firimu ya Pearl Magic's Girl from Mparo nga Mama Brian, muliraanwa alingiriza. Engeri ye eya Katemba ya kusaagirira ku nsonga eziruma abantu mu mbeera zaabwe eza bulijjo mu bulamu bwabwe. == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Agnes yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwokusatu 1983 mu [[Akite Agnes|Kampala,]] Uganda, mu maka ga Anthony Opio, omubalirizi w'ebitabo ne Hellen Opio. Ye mwana ow'okutaano mu baana mwenda,<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> bwe bazaalibwa. Yakulira Kitintale oluvannyuma n'adda e Mutungo, ebitundu ebiriraanye [[Kampala]]. Yakuzibwa nga [[Akite Agnes|Mukatoliki]] n'agenda mu St. Kizito Primary School, Bugolobi, gye yatuulira ebigezo bye eby'eky'omusanvu, era oluvannyuma yeegatta ku Our Lady of Good counsel, Gayaza gye yamalira siniya.Ebigezo ebya Siniya Eyookuna yabituulira ku Naalya S.S Namugongo oluvannyuma nadda ku St.Lawrence reamland Campus nga eno gyeyatuulira ebigezo ebya Siniya Eyoomukaaga oba UACE. Oluvannyuma yayingira [[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|Makerere University]] mu 2003 gye yafunira diguli esooka mu by'obulambuzi.<ref name="monitor">{{Cite web |title=Comedienne Agnes Akite's complicated path to stardom |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Comedienne-Agnes-Akite-complicated-path-stardom/689842-4984156-158g348z/index.html |access-date=1 June 2019 |website=Daily Monitor}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Mu 2009, Agnes yatuukirirwa [[Anne Kansiime]] okuzannya mu firimu empya eyitibwa The Hostel oluvannyuma lwa mukwano gwe, Pamela, okugigaana. Yaweebwa ekifo kya Arach nga tasoose kugezesebwa.<ref name=":0">{{cite podcast|last=Anthony|first=Luke|title=Agnes Akite - Uganda Special|website=The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast|date=7 April 2019|url=https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|accessdate=9 April 2019|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531161219/https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Eno y'eyali entandikwa y'omulimu gwe ogw'okuzannya katemba. Omuzannyo Hostel gwali gwamanyibwa nyo mu Uganda, nga gwasook kulagibwa ku NTV ate oluvannyuma ku [[DStv]]. Agnes yasigala mu mizannyo guno ogw'okusiteegi emirundi esatu n'avaamu mu 2012 ng'ateekateeka okuzaala omwana we ow'okubiri, Brianna. [citation needed] Mu 2014, yatandika okuzannya emizannyo mu kibiina ekiyitibwa The Punchliners, oluvannyuma lw'okusendebwasendebwa [[Anne Kansiime]] ne Daniel Omara okugezaako okuzannya Katemba ow'okusiteegi.<ref name=":02">{{cite podcast|last=Anthony|first=Luke|title=Agnes Akite - Uganda Special|website=The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast|date=7 April 2019|url=https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|accessdate=9 April 2019|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531161219/https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="monitor2">{{Cite web |title=Comedienne Agnes Akite's complicated path to stardom |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Comedienne-Agnes-Akite-complicated-path-stardom/689842-4984156-158g348z/index.html |access-date=1 June 2019 |website=Daily Monitor}}</ref> Oluvannyuma yegatta ku Comedy Files. Mu 2015, y'omu ku baazannya Queens of Comedy Uganda vs Kings of Comedy Rwanda mu Kigali. Mu 2016, yalabikira mu Girl from Mparo nga Mama Brian, omuzannyo ogwalagibwanga ku UBC<ref>{{Cite web |title=Girl From Mparo |url=https://ubc.ug/index.php/timetable/event/mparo/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121161802/https://ubc.ug/index.php/timetable/event/mparo/ |archive-date=21 November 2018 |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Uganda Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref> n'oluvannyuma ne guteekebwa ku DSTV's Pearl Magic. Mu 2018, endagaano ye ne Comedy Files ng'eweddeko, Agnes yatandika okukola emirimu gye obwomu ku mikutu gya katemba egy'enjawulo, omuli Rock Comedy ne Comedy Store Ug, ayanjulibwa [[Alex Muhangi]]. Mu mwezi Ogw'omukaaga, yalabika mu kivulu ekya Kampala Comedy, ogwategekebwa Okello Okello, munnakatemba omwatuukirivu mu Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Atungisa |first=Don |date=2 July 2018 |title=PHOTOS: How it Went Down at the Inaugural Kampala Comedy Festival |url=https://pulse.mtn.co.ug/photos-how-it-went-down-at-the-inaugural-kampala-comedy-festival%20) |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=3 October 2018 |website=MTN Pulse}} - {{Cite web |last=Nakassanje |first=Winnie |date=5 July 2018 |title=The First Ever Kampala Comedy Festival Reveals New Internationals |url=https://kampalasun.co.ug/2018/07/05/the-first-ever-kampala-comedy-festival-reveales-new-international/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121203732/https://kampalasun.co.ug/2018/07/05/the-first-ever-kampala-comedy-festival-reveales-new-international/ |archive-date=21 November 2018 |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=The Kampala Sun}}</ref> Bwe yakomawo mu Comedy Stores UG mu Ogw'omunaana, yakwata abantu omubabiro.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ampurire |first=Paul |date=20 July 2018 |title=Comedienne Agned Arach Impresses Revellers on Comedy Store |url=https://www.softpower.ug/comedienne-agnes-arach-impresses-revellers-on-comedy-store/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Soft Power News}}</ref> Ekitundu ky'omuzannyo ogwo kyayatiikirira nnyo ku mukutu ogwa ''[[WhatsApp]]'', gye yatenderezebwa ennyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ampurire |first=Paul |date=20 July 2018 |title=Comedienne Agned Arach Impresses Revellers on Comedy Store |url=https://www.softpower.ug/comedienne-agnes-arach-impresses-revellers-on-comedy-store/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Soft Power News}}</ref> Yagamba nti omuzannyo guno gwali gumanyiddwa nnyo olw'omulimu gwa Comedy Store gwe yakola ku mikutu emigatta bantu, ne Kakensa Media, olwokubeera n'abagoberezi abangi ku Facebook.<ref name=":03">{{cite podcast|last=Anthony|first=Luke|title=Agnes Akite - Uganda Special|website=The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast|date=7 April 2019|url=https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|accessdate=9 April 2019|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531161219/https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wakati w'Ogwomunaana n'Ogwekkuminoogumu, Agnes yali omu ku ba UG Pineapple Comedy Tour, ekyamutwala mu bitundu by'eggwanga eby'enjawulo omuli [[Mbale]], [[Gulu]], [[Fort Portal]], [[Jinja]], ne [[Mbarara (disitulikit)|Mbarara]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oneal |first=Nicholas |date=1 August 2018 |title=Kampala Comedians Thrill Mbale Residents |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1482561/kampala-comedians-thrill-mbale-residents |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=New Vision}} - {{Cite web |last=Emorut |first=Brian |date=19 September 2018 |title=Gulu Comedy Fans Embrace Ug Pineapple |url=http://guide2uganda.ug/weekend-buzz-gulu-comedy-fans-embrace-ug-pineapple-comedy-tour/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Guide 2 Uganda}} - {{Cite web |last=Shantel |first=Denzel |date=21 November 2018 |title=Jinja Comedy Fans Get a Taste of the New Ug Pineapple |url=https://www.showbizuganda.com/jinja-comedy-fans-get-a-taste-of-the-new-ug-pineapple/?pr=70278&lang=en |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=Showbiz Uganda}} - {{Cite web |last=Abenaitwe |first=Cliff |date=21 November 2018 |title=Fanfare at the Mbarara Ug Pineapple Comedy Tour |url=https://mbararanews.co.ug/fanfare-at-the-mbarara-ug-pineapple-comedy-tour-lf/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=Mbarara News}}</ref> Yali omu ku baali mu kibinja kya Comedy Store Ug ekyagenda e Mbarara okuzannya emizannyo gyayo egisookera ddala ebweru wa Kampala.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ampurire |first=Paul |date=25 September 2018 |title=PICTORIAL: MC Mariachi Wows Mbarara During Comedy Store's Tour |url=https://www.softpower.ug/pictorial-mc-mariachi-wows-mbarara-during-comedy-stores-tour/ |access-date=26 September 2019 |website=SoftPower News}}</ref> Agnes yalabikira omulundi ogwasooka mu kitundu eky'okuna ekya ''Africa'' Laughs nga 8 Ogwekkumi mu [[Kampala Serena Hotel]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Larubi |first=Robert |date=9 October 2018 |title=Africa Laughs Season 4 Drama and Humour Leaves Revellers in Tears |url=https://www.softpower.ug/africa-laughs-season-4-drama-and-humour-leave-revelers-in-tears/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=Soft Power News}} - {{Cite web |last= |first= |date=10 October 2018 |title=Africa Laughs Season 4 Leaves Uganda Dying with Laughter |url=http://www.ghafla.com/ug/africa-laughs-season-4-leaves-uganda-dying-with-laughter/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=12 October 2018 |website=Ghafla}} - {{Cite web |last=Matooke |first=Republic |date=9 October 2018 |title=Drama and Rib Cracking Laughter Light Up Africa Laughs Season 4 |url=https://matookerepublic.com/2018/10/09/drama-and-rib-cracking-humour-light-up-africa-laughs-season-4/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> eyategekebwa [[Patrick Salvador Idringi]], n'abazannyi ba katemba abalala okwali [[Basketmouth]], Alfred Kainga, [[Eddie Kadi]], Mc Jesse, Pulofeesa Haimo, ne Arthur Nkusi. Mu Gwekkumineebiri, yaddamu okuzannya, ku mulundi guno ng'ali ne [[Fun Factory]] mu firimu ez'ebitundu eziragibwa ku TV eyitibwa ''Mizigo Express'', nga muganzi wa Sam. Ku ntandikwa ey'Ogwokusatu 2019, Agnes yatandikawo era n'atongoza [[Arise Woman!]] [[Comedy Jam]]<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref>ku [[lunaku lw'abakyala olw'ensi yonna]]. Mu kukuza olunaku lw'okuwummula, omuzannyo gwaliko abakazi bonna abazannyi aba Katemba,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kulanyi |first=Rachael |date=11 March 2019 |title=Female comedians celebrate Women's day in a comedy show dubbed 'Arise Woman Comedy Jam |url=https://matookerepublic.com/2019/03/11/female-comedians-celebrate-womens-day-in-a-comedy-show-dubbed-arise-woman-comedy-jam/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=12 March 2019 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> omwali Nancy Kobusheshe, Maggie the Bwaiserian, Rich Mouth, Dora Nakagga, Leila Kachapizo, n'abakyala ba Fun Factory. Ekitundu ky'ensimbi ezaava mu lulaga luno zaweebwa eri abetaaga obuyambi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Emuk |first=Benjamen |date=9 March 2019 |title=Ugandan Female Comics Dedicate 'Arise Woman Comedy Jam' Show to Charity |url=https://life.chimpreports.com/ugandan-female-comics-dedicate-arise-woman-comedy-jam-show-to-charity/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402081323/https://life.chimpreports.com/ugandan-female-comics-dedicate-arise-woman-comedy-jam-show-to-charity/ |archive-date=2 April 2019 |access-date=12 March 2019 |website=Chimp Reports}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'Ogwokusatu, Agnes yaddayo e Kigali ng'ali mu Seka Fest, n'abazannyi abalala okuva mu Uganda, Kenya, ne Nigeria.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Batte |first=Edgar. R |date=1 April 2019 |title=Ugandan comedians shine at Kigali's Seka fest |url=http://www.sqoop.co.ug/201904/news/events/ugandan-comedians-shine-at-kigalis-seka-fest.html |access-date=2 April 2019 |website=Sqoop}}</ref> Mu Gwokuna, yalabikira mu The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast, eyalagibwa ''omukubi'' wa firimu Luke Anthony ng'ekitundu kya Uganda Special.<ref name=":04">{{cite podcast|last=Anthony|first=Luke|title=Agnes Akite - Uganda Special|website=The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast|date=7 April 2019|url=https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|accessdate=9 April 2019|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531161219/https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mu Gwomusanvu 2019, yali omu ku bannakatemba ba Uganda abeetaba mu Laugh Festival mu Nairobi, Kenya,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nkurunzinza |first=James Peter |date=5 July 2019 |title=Rwandan comedian to perform at the 'Laugh Festival' in Nairobi |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/rwandan-comedian-perform-laugh-festival-nairobi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725035756/https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/rwandan-comedian-perform-laugh-festival-nairobi |archive-date=25 July 2019 |access-date=6 October 2019 |website=The New Times}} - {{Cite web |last=Zuri |first=Admin |date=24 July 2019 |title=International Laugh Festival (3rd Edition) |url=https://zurinews.com/laugh-festival-3-in-back-the-comedy-heist-full-infor/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925081054/https://zurinews.com/laugh-festival-3-in-back-the-comedy-heist-full-infor/ |archive-date=25 September 2019 |access-date=25 September 2019 |website=Zuri News}} - {{Cite web |last=Ngigi |first=Elizabeth |date=26 July 2019 |title=Laugh Festival Back for Round 3 |url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/sasa/word-is/2019-07-26-laugh-festival-back-for-round-3/ |access-date=25 September 2019 |website=The Star}} - {{Cite web |last=Kagonye |first=Fredrick |date=20 July 2019 |title=Wamlambez Dominates Laugh Festival |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001335745/wamlambez-dominates-laugh-festival |access-date=25 September 2019 |website=Standard Digital}}</ref> ate mu Gw'omwenda, yazannya mu Uganda North America Association Convention mu Chicago. Mu Gwekkumineebiri, ye yakulemberamu omukolo gwa One Africa Festival, ng'agezaako okulwanyisa obukyayi mu [[Port Elizabeth]], South Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 December 2019 |title=Comedy show fight against xenophobia |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/Local/PE-Express/comedy-show-fight-against-xenophobia-20191216 |access-date=26 December 2019 |website=News24}}</ref> Agnes yagenda mu maaso naategeka olulaga lwa ''Arise Woman Comedy Jam'' ''mu Gwokusatu 2020 era nga yaliwamu n'abakazi abalala okuva mu'' [[Fun Factory Uganda]] wamu ne [[Anne Kansiime]] n'abalala.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Matooke |first=Republic |date=4 March 2020 |title=Season Two of Arise Women Comedy Jam set to crack ribs this Friday – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20200304/season-two-of-arise-women-comedy-jam-set-to-crack-ribs-this-friday/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> Mu Ogw'omwenda 2022, Agnes ye yaweebwa ekyokuba muzannyi eyaggulawo olulaga mu ''Africa Laughs'' eya [[Patrick Salvador Idringi|Patrick Salvado Idringi]] ey'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ampurire |first=Paul |date=31 October 2022 |title=Africa Laughs 6 succeeds in debunking the stereotypes tagged on Uganda's stand-up |url=https://pluggedaily.com/2022/10/31/africa-laughs-6-succeeds-in-debunking-the-stereotypes-tagged-on-ugandas-standup/ |access-date=3 November 2022 |website=Plugged}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Namutebi |first=Phiona |date=26 October 2022 |title=Africa Laughs comedy show is back at Kololo Airstrip |url=https://capitalradio.co.ug/entertainment/2022-10-26-africa-laughs-comedy-show-is-back-at-kololo-airstrip/ |access-date=3 November 2022 |website=Capital Radio}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 October 2022 |title=Africa Laughs returns with comedic masterpiece |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/africa-laughs-returns-with-comedic-masterpiece/ |access-date=3 November 2022 |website=The Independent Uganda}}</ref> Nga 23 Ogwekkumi 2024 yategeka olulaga lwe yekka ku National Theatre lwe yatuuma Son of Opio.<ref name=":14">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> [[File:Fun_Factory_Ladies.jpg|alt=|thumb|257x257px|Abakyala okuva mu [[:en:Fun_Factory_Uganda|Fun Factory]] nga baliko akatundu katemba gwebakola mu lulaga olwa mu Arise Woman]] == Sitayiro ye eya Katemba == Enkola ya Agnes ey'okuzanyira ku siteegi ya Katemba ow'okwetegereza, mwatunuulira embeera eyewuunyisa mu bulamu bw'omuntu. Era olumu akozesa embeera ey'okwenyooma. Yeewala eby'obufuzi. == Obulamu bwe obw'omunda == Agnes mwana wakutaano<ref name=":15">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> mu maka agalimu abalenzi babiri, Richard ne Emmanuel, ne bagandabe mukaaga,Cathy, Grace, Mary, Susan, Harriet, ne Doreen. Muzadde wa baana babiri, Noel ne Brianna, era alina enkolagana ne Brian Makalama. Mukatoliki era asabira mu Kkanisa eya Our Lady of Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baike |first=Prisca |title=Comedian Agnes Akite has Bone to Pick with Minister Lokodo |url=https://www.observer.ug/lifestyle/43766-comedian-agnes-akite-has-bone-to-pick-with-minister-lokodo |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120095434/https://www.observer.ug/lifestyle/43766-comedian-agnes-akite-has-bone-to-pick-with-minister-lokodo |archive-date=20 November 2018 |access-date=19 October 2018 |website=The Observer |location=Uganda}}</ref> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri, yalumbibwa naakubwa ababbi bwe yali ava e Najjeera ku lulaga ekiro era yalumizibwa n'ekiwudu ku mutwe wamu n'ebinuubule ku liiso.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mwesigwa |first=Solomon |date=14 November 2023 |title=Comedienne Agnes Akite attacked and robbed by thugs after a quiz night session |url=https://mbu.ug/2023/11/14/agnes-akite-comedienne-robbed/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=MBU}}</ref> == Obuyambi bw'abantu == Agnes y'omu ku batandisi era akulira ekitongole ekya Arise Woman Foundation,<ref name=":16">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> ekirwanirira n'okuzzaamu amaanyi n'essuubi abakazi n'abavubuka. [citation needed] Ensimbi eziva mu kibiina ekya Arise Women! Comedy Jam ziweebwa eri Home of Hope, Jinja. [citation needed] == Firimu ze == {| class="wikitable" |+Emirundi gy'alabise ng'azannya mu firimu ne ttivi !Omwaka !Ekitiibwa !Omulimu gwe !Olukalala !Ebyafaayo |- |2009-2012 |''The Hostel'' |Envubu |NTV Uganda, DStv Africa Magic Entertainment, ZUKU TV, ne NTV KENYA | |- |2016 |Girl from Mparo |Maama Brian |[[Uganda Broadcasting Corporation|UBC]], DStv Pearl Magic | |- |2018 kati |''Mizigo Express'' |Muganzi wa Sam |DStv- Pearl Magi | |} == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * Akite Agnes at IMDb [[Category:Bannakatemba]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1983]] [[Category:Bannayuganda bannakatemba abayimirira bokka ku sitegi ne basesa abantu]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abakazi abazannyi ba katemba]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abakazi abazannyi ba firimu]] [[Category:Abantu abava e Kampala]] [[Category:Abaasomerako ku Ssettendekero wa Makerere University]] 2d0y5uyzku31uosp4yisfc3vexfmr2n 58645 58644 2026-07-03T20:32:45Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 corrected grammar and punctuations 58645 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akite Agnes''' (yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwokusatu 1983) Munnayuganda [[omuzannyi wa Katemba]] ow'oku siteegi, [[mwogezi w'oku mikolo]], era [[Ayagala nyo okuyamba|ayagala ennyo okuyamba]]. Amanyiddwa nnyo olw'okuzannya nga Arach <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Nantaba |first=Agnes |date=19 October 2018 |title=Agnes Akite aka Arach on Funny Ugandans |url=https://southsudan.biz/uganda/2018/08/22/agnes-akite-aka-arach-on-funny-ugandans/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208124430/https://southsudan.biz/uganda/2018/08/22/agnes-akite-aka-arach-on-funny-ugandans/ |archive-date=8 December 2020 |access-date=19 October 2018 |website=Uganda News Archive}}</ref> mu firimu ya [[The Hostel]]. Era yazannyirako mu firimu ya Pearl Magic's Girl from Mparo nga Mama Brian, muliraanwa alingiriza. Engeri ye eya Katemba ya kusaagirira ku nsonga eziruma abantu mu mbeera zaabwe eza bulijjo mu bulamu bwabwe. == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Agnes yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwokusatu 1983 mu [[Akite Agnes|Kampala,]] Uganda, mu maka ga Anthony Opio, omubalirizi w'ebitabo ne Hellen Opio. Ye mwana ow'okutaano mu baana mwenda,<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> bwe bazaalibwa. Yakulira Kitintale oluvannyuma n'adda e Mutungo, ebitundu ebiriraanye [[Kampala]]. Yakuzibwa nga [[Akite Agnes|Mukatoliki]] n'agenda mu St. Kizito Primary School, Bugolobi, gye yatuulira ebigezo bye eby'eky'omusanvu, era oluvannyuma yeegatta ku Our Lady of Good counsel, Gayaza gye yamalira siniya.Ebigezo ebya Siniya Eyookuna yabituulira ku Naalya S.S Namugongo oluvannyuma nadda ku St.Lawrence reamland Campus nga eno gyeyatuulira ebigezo ebya Siniya Eyoomukaaga oba UACE. Oluvannyuma yayingira [[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|Makerere University]] mu 2003 gye yafunira diguli esooka mu by'obulambuzi.<ref name="monitor">{{Cite web |title=Comedienne Agnes Akite's complicated path to stardom |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Comedienne-Agnes-Akite-complicated-path-stardom/689842-4984156-158g348z/index.html |access-date=1 June 2019 |website=Daily Monitor}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Mu 2009, Agnes yatuukirirwa [[Anne Kansiime]] okuzannya mu firimu empya eyitibwa The Hostel oluvannyuma lwa mukwano gwe, Pamela, okugigaana. Yaweebwa ekifo kya Arach nga tasoose kugezesebwa.<ref name=":0">{{cite podcast |last=Anthony|first=Luke|title=Agnes Akite - Uganda Special|website=The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast|date=7 April 2019|url=https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|accessdate=9 April 2019|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531161219/https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Eno y'eyali entandikwa y'omulimu gwe ogw'okuzannya katemba. Omuzannyo Hostel gwali gwamanyibwa nyo mu Uganda, nga gwasook kulagibwa ku NTV ate oluvannyuma ku [[DStv]]. Agnes yasigala mu mizannyo guno ogw'okusiteegi emirundi esatu n'avaamu mu 2012 ng'ateekateeka okuzaala omwana we ow'okubiri, Brianna. [citation needed] Mu 2014, yatandika okuzannya emizannyo mu kibiina ekiyitibwa The Punchliners, oluvannyuma lw'okusendebwasendebwa [[Anne Kansiime]] ne Daniel Omara okugezaako okuzannya Katemba ow'okusiteegi.<ref name=":02">{{cite podcast|last=Anthony|first=Luke|title=Agnes Akite - Uganda Special|website=The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast|date=7 April 2019|url=https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|accessdate=9 April 2019|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531161219/https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="monitor2">{{Cite web |title=Comedienne Agnes Akite's complicated path to stardom |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Comedienne-Agnes-Akite-complicated-path-stardom/689842-4984156-158g348z/index.html |access-date=1 June 2019 |website=Daily Monitor}}</ref> Oluvannyuma yegatta ku Comedy Files. Mu 2015, y'omu ku baazannya Queens of Comedy Uganda vs Kings of Comedy Rwanda mu Kigali. Mu 2016, yalabikira mu Girl from Mparo nga Mama Brian, omuzannyo ogwalagibwanga ku UBC<ref>{{Cite web |title=Girl From Mparo |url=https://ubc.ug/index.php/timetable/event/mparo/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121161802/https://ubc.ug/index.php/timetable/event/mparo/ |archive-date=21 November 2018 |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Uganda Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref> n'oluvannyuma ne guteekebwa ku DSTV's Pearl Magic. Mu 2018, endagaano ye ne Comedy Files ng'eweddeko, Agnes yatandika okukola emirimu gye obwomu ku mikutu gya katemba egy'enjawulo, omuli Rock Comedy ne Comedy Store Ug, ayanjulibwa [[Alex Muhangi]]. Mu mwezi Ogw'omukaaga, yalabika mu kivulu ekya Kampala Comedy, ogwategekebwa Okello Okello, munnakatemba omwatuukirivu mu Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Atungisa |first=Don |date=2 July 2018 |title=PHOTOS: How it Went Down at the Inaugural Kampala Comedy Festival |url=https://pulse.mtn.co.ug/photos-how-it-went-down-at-the-inaugural-kampala-comedy-festival%20) |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=3 October 2018 |website=MTN Pulse}} - {{Cite web |last=Nakassanje |first=Winnie |date=5 July 2018 |title=The First Ever Kampala Comedy Festival Reveals New Internationals |url=https://kampalasun.co.ug/2018/07/05/the-first-ever-kampala-comedy-festival-reveales-new-international/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121203732/https://kampalasun.co.ug/2018/07/05/the-first-ever-kampala-comedy-festival-reveales-new-international/ |archive-date=21 November 2018 |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=The Kampala Sun}}</ref> Bwe yakomawo mu Comedy Stores UG mu Ogw'omunaana, yakwata abantu omubabiro.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ampurire |first=Paul |date=20 July 2018 |title=Comedienne Agned Arach Impresses Revellers on Comedy Store |url=https://www.softpower.ug/comedienne-agnes-arach-impresses-revellers-on-comedy-store/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Soft Power News}}</ref> Ekitundu ky'omuzannyo ogwo kyayatiikirira nnyo ku mukutu ogwa ''[[WhatsApp]]'', gye yatenderezebwa ennyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ampurire |first=Paul |date=20 July 2018 |title=Comedienne Agned Arach Impresses Revellers on Comedy Store |url=https://www.softpower.ug/comedienne-agnes-arach-impresses-revellers-on-comedy-store/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Soft Power News}}</ref> Yagamba nti omuzannyo guno gwali gumanyiddwa nnyo olw'omulimu gwa Comedy Store gwe yakola ku mikutu emigatta bantu, ne Kakensa Media, olwokubeera n'abagoberezi abangi ku Facebook.<ref name=":03">{{cite podcast|last=Anthony|first=Luke|title=Agnes Akite - Uganda Special|website=The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast|date=7 April 2019|url=https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|accessdate=9 April 2019|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531161219/https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wakati w'Ogwomunaana n'Ogwekkuminoogumu, Agnes yali omu ku ba UG Pineapple Comedy Tour, ekyamutwala mu bitundu by'eggwanga eby'enjawulo omuli [[Mbale]], [[Gulu]], [[Fort Portal]], [[Jinja]], ne [[Mbarara (disitulikit)|Mbarara]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oneal |first=Nicholas |date=1 August 2018 |title=Kampala Comedians Thrill Mbale Residents |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1482561/kampala-comedians-thrill-mbale-residents |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=New Vision}} - {{Cite web |last=Emorut |first=Brian |date=19 September 2018 |title=Gulu Comedy Fans Embrace Ug Pineapple |url=http://guide2uganda.ug/weekend-buzz-gulu-comedy-fans-embrace-ug-pineapple-comedy-tour/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Guide 2 Uganda}} - {{Cite web |last=Shantel |first=Denzel |date=21 November 2018 |title=Jinja Comedy Fans Get a Taste of the New Ug Pineapple |url=https://www.showbizuganda.com/jinja-comedy-fans-get-a-taste-of-the-new-ug-pineapple/?pr=70278&lang=en |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=Showbiz Uganda}} - {{Cite web |last=Abenaitwe |first=Cliff |date=21 November 2018 |title=Fanfare at the Mbarara Ug Pineapple Comedy Tour |url=https://mbararanews.co.ug/fanfare-at-the-mbarara-ug-pineapple-comedy-tour-lf/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=Mbarara News}}</ref> Yali omu ku baali mu kibinja kya Comedy Store Ug ekyagenda e Mbarara okuzannya emizannyo gyayo egisookera ddala ebweru wa Kampala.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ampurire |first=Paul |date=25 September 2018 |title=PICTORIAL: MC Mariachi Wows Mbarara During Comedy Store's Tour |url=https://www.softpower.ug/pictorial-mc-mariachi-wows-mbarara-during-comedy-stores-tour/ |access-date=26 September 2019 |website=SoftPower News}}</ref> Agnes yalabikira omulundi ogwasooka mu kitundu eky'okuna ekya ''Africa'' Laughs nga 8 Ogwekkumi mu [[Kampala Serena Hotel]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Larubi |first=Robert |date=9 October 2018 |title=Africa Laughs Season 4 Drama and Humour Leaves Revellers in Tears |url=https://www.softpower.ug/africa-laughs-season-4-drama-and-humour-leave-revelers-in-tears/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=Soft Power News}} - {{Cite web |last= |first= |date=10 October 2018 |title=Africa Laughs Season 4 Leaves Uganda Dying with Laughter |url=http://www.ghafla.com/ug/africa-laughs-season-4-leaves-uganda-dying-with-laughter/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=12 October 2018 |website=Ghafla}} - {{Cite web |last=Matooke |first=Republic |date=9 October 2018 |title=Drama and Rib Cracking Laughter Light Up Africa Laughs Season 4 |url=https://matookerepublic.com/2018/10/09/drama-and-rib-cracking-humour-light-up-africa-laughs-season-4/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> eyategekebwa [[Patrick Salvador Idringi]], n'abazannyi ba katemba abalala okwali [[Basketmouth]], Alfred Kainga, [[Eddie Kadi]], Mc Jesse, Pulofeesa Haimo, ne Arthur Nkusi. Mu Gwekkumineebiri, yaddamu okuzannya, ku mulundi guno ng'ali ne [[Fun Factory]] mu firimu ez'ebitundu eziragibwa ku TV eyitibwa ''Mizigo Express'', nga muganzi wa Sam. Ku ntandikwa ey'Ogwokusatu 2019, Agnes yatandikawo era n'atongoza [[Arise Woman!]] [[Comedy Jam]]<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref>ku [[lunaku lw'abakyala olw'ensi yonna]]. Mu kukuza olunaku lw'okuwummula, omuzannyo gwaliko abakazi bonna abazannyi aba Katemba,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kulanyi |first=Rachael |date=11 March 2019 |title=Female comedians celebrate Women's day in a comedy show dubbed 'Arise Woman Comedy Jam |url=https://matookerepublic.com/2019/03/11/female-comedians-celebrate-womens-day-in-a-comedy-show-dubbed-arise-woman-comedy-jam/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=12 March 2019 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> omwali Nancy Kobusheshe, Maggie the Bwaiserian, Rich Mouth, Dora Nakagga, Leila Kachapizo, n'abakyala ba Fun Factory. Ekitundu ky'ensimbi ezaava mu lulaga luno zaweebwa eri abetaaga obuyambi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Emuk |first=Benjamen |date=9 March 2019 |title=Ugandan Female Comics Dedicate 'Arise Woman Comedy Jam' Show to Charity |url=https://life.chimpreports.com/ugandan-female-comics-dedicate-arise-woman-comedy-jam-show-to-charity/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402081323/https://life.chimpreports.com/ugandan-female-comics-dedicate-arise-woman-comedy-jam-show-to-charity/ |archive-date=2 April 2019 |access-date=12 March 2019 |website=Chimp Reports}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'Ogwokusatu, Agnes yaddayo e Kigali ng'ali mu Seka Fest, n'abazannyi abalala okuva mu Uganda, Kenya, ne Nigeria.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Batte |first=Edgar. R |date=1 April 2019 |title=Ugandan comedians shine at Kigali's Seka fest |url=http://www.sqoop.co.ug/201904/news/events/ugandan-comedians-shine-at-kigalis-seka-fest.html |access-date=2 April 2019 |website=Sqoop}}</ref> Mu Gwokuna, yalabikira mu The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast, eyalagibwa ''omukubi'' wa firimu Luke Anthony ng'ekitundu kya Uganda Special.<ref name=":04">{{cite podcast|last=Anthony|first=Luke|title=Agnes Akite - Uganda Special|website=The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast|date=7 April 2019|url=https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|accessdate=9 April 2019|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531161219/https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mu Gwomusanvu 2019, yali omu ku bannakatemba ba Uganda abeetaba mu Laugh Festival mu Nairobi, Kenya,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nkurunzinza |first=James Peter |date=5 July 2019 |title=Rwandan comedian to perform at the 'Laugh Festival' in Nairobi |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/rwandan-comedian-perform-laugh-festival-nairobi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725035756/https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/rwandan-comedian-perform-laugh-festival-nairobi |archive-date=25 July 2019 |access-date=6 October 2019 |website=The New Times}} - {{Cite web |last=Zuri |first=Admin |date=24 July 2019 |title=International Laugh Festival (3rd Edition) |url=https://zurinews.com/laugh-festival-3-in-back-the-comedy-heist-full-infor/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925081054/https://zurinews.com/laugh-festival-3-in-back-the-comedy-heist-full-infor/ |archive-date=25 September 2019 |access-date=25 September 2019 |website=Zuri News}} - {{Cite web |last=Ngigi |first=Elizabeth |date=26 July 2019 |title=Laugh Festival Back for Round 3 |url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/sasa/word-is/2019-07-26-laugh-festival-back-for-round-3/ |access-date=25 September 2019 |website=The Star}} - {{Cite web |last=Kagonye |first=Fredrick |date=20 July 2019 |title=Wamlambez Dominates Laugh Festival |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001335745/wamlambez-dominates-laugh-festival |access-date=25 September 2019 |website=Standard Digital}}</ref> ate mu Gw'omwenda, yazannya mu Uganda North America Association Convention mu Chicago. Mu Gwekkumineebiri, ye yakulemberamu omukolo gwa One Africa Festival, ng'agezaako okulwanyisa obukyayi mu [[Port Elizabeth]], South Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 December 2019 |title=Comedy show fight against xenophobia |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/Local/PE-Express/comedy-show-fight-against-xenophobia-20191216 |access-date=26 December 2019 |website=News24}}</ref> Agnes yagenda mu maaso naategeka olulaga lwa ''Arise Woman Comedy Jam'' ''mu Gwokusatu 2020 era nga yaliwamu n'abakazi abalala okuva mu'' [[Fun Factory Uganda]] wamu ne [[Anne Kansiime]] n'abalala.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Matooke |first=Republic |date=4 March 2020 |title=Season Two of Arise Women Comedy Jam set to crack ribs this Friday – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20200304/season-two-of-arise-women-comedy-jam-set-to-crack-ribs-this-friday/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> Mu Ogw'omwenda 2022, Agnes ye yaweebwa ekyokuba muzannyi eyaggulawo olulaga mu ''Africa Laughs'' eya [[Patrick Salvador Idringi|Patrick Salvado Idringi]] ey'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ampurire |first=Paul |date=31 October 2022 |title=Africa Laughs 6 succeeds in debunking the stereotypes tagged on Uganda's stand-up |url=https://pluggedaily.com/2022/10/31/africa-laughs-6-succeeds-in-debunking-the-stereotypes-tagged-on-ugandas-standup/ |access-date=3 November 2022 |website=Plugged}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Namutebi |first=Phiona |date=26 October 2022 |title=Africa Laughs comedy show is back at Kololo Airstrip |url=https://capitalradio.co.ug/entertainment/2022-10-26-africa-laughs-comedy-show-is-back-at-kololo-airstrip/ |access-date=3 November 2022 |website=Capital Radio}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 October 2022 |title=Africa Laughs returns with comedic masterpiece |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/africa-laughs-returns-with-comedic-masterpiece/ |access-date=3 November 2022 |website=The Independent Uganda}}</ref> Nga 23 Ogwekkumi 2024 yategeka olulaga lwe yekka ku National Theatre lwe yatuuma Son of Opio.<ref name=":14">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> [[File:Fun_Factory_Ladies.jpg|alt=|thumb|257x257px|Abakyala okuva mu [[:en:Fun_Factory_Uganda|Fun Factory]] nga baliko akatundu katemba gwebakola mu lulaga olwa mu Arise Woman]] == Sitayiro ye eya Katemba == Enkola ya Agnes ey'okuzanyira ku siteegi ya Katemba ow'okwetegereza, mwatunuulira embeera eyewuunyisa mu bulamu bw'omuntu. Era olumu akozesa embeera ey'okwenyooma. Yeewala eby'obufuzi. == Obulamu bwe obw'omunda == Agnes mwana wakutaano<ref name=":15">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> mu maka agalimu abalenzi babiri, Richard ne Emmanuel, ne bagandabe mukaaga,Cathy, Grace, Mary, Susan, Harriet, ne Doreen. Muzadde wa baana babiri, Noel ne Brianna, era alina enkolagana ne Brian Makalama. Mukatoliki era asabira mu Kkanisa eya Our Lady of Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baike |first=Prisca |title=Comedian Agnes Akite has Bone to Pick with Minister Lokodo |url=https://www.observer.ug/lifestyle/43766-comedian-agnes-akite-has-bone-to-pick-with-minister-lokodo |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120095434/https://www.observer.ug/lifestyle/43766-comedian-agnes-akite-has-bone-to-pick-with-minister-lokodo |archive-date=20 November 2018 |access-date=19 October 2018 |website=The Observer |location=Uganda}}</ref> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri, yalumbibwa naakubwa ababbi bwe yali ava e Najjeera ku lulaga ekiro era yalumizibwa n'ekiwudu ku mutwe wamu n'ebinuubule ku liiso.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mwesigwa |first=Solomon |date=14 November 2023 |title=Comedienne Agnes Akite attacked and robbed by thugs after a quiz night session |url=https://mbu.ug/2023/11/14/agnes-akite-comedienne-robbed/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=MBU}}</ref> == Obuyambi bw'abantu == Agnes y'omu ku batandisi era akulira ekitongole ekya Arise Woman Foundation,<ref name=":16">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> ekirwanirira n'okuzzaamu amaanyi n'essuubi abakazi n'abavubuka. [citation needed] Ensimbi eziva mu kibiina ekya Arise Women! Comedy Jam ziweebwa eri Home of Hope, Jinja. [citation needed] == Firimu ze == {| class="wikitable" |+Emirundi gy'alabise ng'azannya mu firimu ne ttivi !Omwaka !Ekitiibwa !Omulimu gwe !Olukalala !Ebyafaayo |- |2009-2012 |''The Hostel'' |Envubu |NTV Uganda, DStv Africa Magic Entertainment, ZUKU TV, ne NTV KENYA | |- |2016 |Girl from Mparo |Maama Brian |[[Uganda Broadcasting Corporation|UBC]], DStv Pearl Magic | |- |2018 kati |''Mizigo Express'' |Muganzi wa Sam |DStv- Pearl Magi | |} == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * Akite Agnes at IMDb [[Category:Bannakatemba]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1983]] [[Category:Bannayuganda bannakatemba abayimirira bokka ku sitegi ne basesa abantu]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abakazi abazannyi ba katemba]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abakazi abazannyi ba firimu]] [[Category:Abantu abava e Kampala]] [[Category:Abaasomerako ku Ssettendekero wa Makerere University]] nt34qt69yp37ki99cc3o2hf33uba33m 58647 58645 2026-07-03T20:35:04Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 added a category 58647 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akite Agnes''' (yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwokusatu 1983) Munnayuganda [[omuzannyi wa Katemba]] ow'oku siteegi, [[mwogezi w'oku mikolo]], era [[Ayagala nyo okuyamba|ayagala ennyo okuyamba]]. Amanyiddwa nnyo olw'okuzannya nga Arach <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Nantaba |first=Agnes |date=19 October 2018 |title=Agnes Akite aka Arach on Funny Ugandans |url=https://southsudan.biz/uganda/2018/08/22/agnes-akite-aka-arach-on-funny-ugandans/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208124430/https://southsudan.biz/uganda/2018/08/22/agnes-akite-aka-arach-on-funny-ugandans/ |archive-date=8 December 2020 |access-date=19 October 2018 |website=Uganda News Archive}}</ref> mu firimu ya [[The Hostel]]. Era yazannyirako mu firimu ya Pearl Magic's Girl from Mparo nga Mama Brian, muliraanwa alingiriza. Engeri ye eya Katemba ya kusaagirira ku nsonga eziruma abantu mu mbeera zaabwe eza bulijjo mu bulamu bwabwe. == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Agnes yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwokusatu 1983 mu [[Akite Agnes|Kampala,]] Uganda, mu maka ga Anthony Opio, omubalirizi w'ebitabo ne Hellen Opio. Ye mwana ow'okutaano mu baana mwenda,<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> bwe bazaalibwa. Yakulira Kitintale oluvannyuma n'adda e Mutungo, ebitundu ebiriraanye [[Kampala]]. Yakuzibwa nga [[Akite Agnes|Mukatoliki]] n'agenda mu St. Kizito Primary School, Bugolobi, gye yatuulira ebigezo bye eby'eky'omusanvu, era oluvannyuma yeegatta ku Our Lady of Good counsel, Gayaza gye yamalira siniya.Ebigezo ebya Siniya Eyookuna yabituulira ku Naalya S.S Namugongo oluvannyuma nadda ku St.Lawrence reamland Campus nga eno gyeyatuulira ebigezo ebya Siniya Eyoomukaaga oba UACE. Oluvannyuma yayingira [[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|Makerere University]] mu 2003 gye yafunira diguli esooka mu by'obulambuzi.<ref name="monitor">{{Cite web |title=Comedienne Agnes Akite's complicated path to stardom |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Comedienne-Agnes-Akite-complicated-path-stardom/689842-4984156-158g348z/index.html |access-date=1 June 2019 |website=Daily Monitor}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Mu 2009, Agnes yatuukirirwa [[Anne Kansiime]] okuzannya mu firimu empya eyitibwa The Hostel oluvannyuma lwa mukwano gwe, Pamela, okugigaana. Yaweebwa ekifo kya Arach nga tasoose kugezesebwa.<ref name=":0">{{cite podcast |last=Anthony|first=Luke|title=Agnes Akite - Uganda Special|website=The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast|date=7 April 2019|url=https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|accessdate=9 April 2019|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531161219/https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Eno y'eyali entandikwa y'omulimu gwe ogw'okuzannya katemba. Omuzannyo Hostel gwali gwamanyibwa nyo mu Uganda, nga gwasook kulagibwa ku NTV ate oluvannyuma ku [[DStv]]. Agnes yasigala mu mizannyo guno ogw'okusiteegi emirundi esatu n'avaamu mu 2012 ng'ateekateeka okuzaala omwana we ow'okubiri, Brianna. [citation needed] Mu 2014, yatandika okuzannya emizannyo mu kibiina ekiyitibwa The Punchliners, oluvannyuma lw'okusendebwasendebwa [[Anne Kansiime]] ne Daniel Omara okugezaako okuzannya Katemba ow'okusiteegi.<ref name=":02">{{cite podcast|last=Anthony|first=Luke|title=Agnes Akite - Uganda Special|website=The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast|date=7 April 2019|url=https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|accessdate=9 April 2019|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531161219/https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="monitor2">{{Cite web |title=Comedienne Agnes Akite's complicated path to stardom |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Comedienne-Agnes-Akite-complicated-path-stardom/689842-4984156-158g348z/index.html |access-date=1 June 2019 |website=Daily Monitor}}</ref> Oluvannyuma yegatta ku Comedy Files. Mu 2015, y'omu ku baazannya Queens of Comedy Uganda vs Kings of Comedy Rwanda mu Kigali. Mu 2016, yalabikira mu Girl from Mparo nga Mama Brian, omuzannyo ogwalagibwanga ku UBC<ref>{{Cite web |title=Girl From Mparo |url=https://ubc.ug/index.php/timetable/event/mparo/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121161802/https://ubc.ug/index.php/timetable/event/mparo/ |archive-date=21 November 2018 |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Uganda Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref> n'oluvannyuma ne guteekebwa ku DSTV's Pearl Magic. Mu 2018, endagaano ye ne Comedy Files ng'eweddeko, Agnes yatandika okukola emirimu gye obwomu ku mikutu gya katemba egy'enjawulo, omuli Rock Comedy ne Comedy Store Ug, ayanjulibwa [[Alex Muhangi]]. Mu mwezi Ogw'omukaaga, yalabika mu kivulu ekya Kampala Comedy, ogwategekebwa Okello Okello, munnakatemba omwatuukirivu mu Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Atungisa |first=Don |date=2 July 2018 |title=PHOTOS: How it Went Down at the Inaugural Kampala Comedy Festival |url=https://pulse.mtn.co.ug/photos-how-it-went-down-at-the-inaugural-kampala-comedy-festival%20) |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=3 October 2018 |website=MTN Pulse}} - {{Cite web |last=Nakassanje |first=Winnie |date=5 July 2018 |title=The First Ever Kampala Comedy Festival Reveals New Internationals |url=https://kampalasun.co.ug/2018/07/05/the-first-ever-kampala-comedy-festival-reveales-new-international/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121203732/https://kampalasun.co.ug/2018/07/05/the-first-ever-kampala-comedy-festival-reveales-new-international/ |archive-date=21 November 2018 |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=The Kampala Sun}}</ref> Bwe yakomawo mu Comedy Stores UG mu Ogw'omunaana, yakwata abantu omubabiro.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ampurire |first=Paul |date=20 July 2018 |title=Comedienne Agned Arach Impresses Revellers on Comedy Store |url=https://www.softpower.ug/comedienne-agnes-arach-impresses-revellers-on-comedy-store/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Soft Power News}}</ref> Ekitundu ky'omuzannyo ogwo kyayatiikirira nnyo ku mukutu ogwa ''[[WhatsApp]]'', gye yatenderezebwa ennyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ampurire |first=Paul |date=20 July 2018 |title=Comedienne Agned Arach Impresses Revellers on Comedy Store |url=https://www.softpower.ug/comedienne-agnes-arach-impresses-revellers-on-comedy-store/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Soft Power News}}</ref> Yagamba nti omuzannyo guno gwali gumanyiddwa nnyo olw'omulimu gwa Comedy Store gwe yakola ku mikutu emigatta bantu, ne Kakensa Media, olwokubeera n'abagoberezi abangi ku Facebook.<ref name=":03">{{cite podcast|last=Anthony|first=Luke|title=Agnes Akite - Uganda Special|website=The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast|date=7 April 2019|url=https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|accessdate=9 April 2019|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531161219/https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wakati w'Ogwomunaana n'Ogwekkuminoogumu, Agnes yali omu ku ba UG Pineapple Comedy Tour, ekyamutwala mu bitundu by'eggwanga eby'enjawulo omuli [[Mbale]], [[Gulu]], [[Fort Portal]], [[Jinja]], ne [[Mbarara (disitulikit)|Mbarara]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oneal |first=Nicholas |date=1 August 2018 |title=Kampala Comedians Thrill Mbale Residents |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1482561/kampala-comedians-thrill-mbale-residents |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=New Vision}} - {{Cite web |last=Emorut |first=Brian |date=19 September 2018 |title=Gulu Comedy Fans Embrace Ug Pineapple |url=http://guide2uganda.ug/weekend-buzz-gulu-comedy-fans-embrace-ug-pineapple-comedy-tour/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Guide 2 Uganda}} - {{Cite web |last=Shantel |first=Denzel |date=21 November 2018 |title=Jinja Comedy Fans Get a Taste of the New Ug Pineapple |url=https://www.showbizuganda.com/jinja-comedy-fans-get-a-taste-of-the-new-ug-pineapple/?pr=70278&lang=en |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=Showbiz Uganda}} - {{Cite web |last=Abenaitwe |first=Cliff |date=21 November 2018 |title=Fanfare at the Mbarara Ug Pineapple Comedy Tour |url=https://mbararanews.co.ug/fanfare-at-the-mbarara-ug-pineapple-comedy-tour-lf/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=Mbarara News}}</ref> Yali omu ku baali mu kibinja kya Comedy Store Ug ekyagenda e Mbarara okuzannya emizannyo gyayo egisookera ddala ebweru wa Kampala.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ampurire |first=Paul |date=25 September 2018 |title=PICTORIAL: MC Mariachi Wows Mbarara During Comedy Store's Tour |url=https://www.softpower.ug/pictorial-mc-mariachi-wows-mbarara-during-comedy-stores-tour/ |access-date=26 September 2019 |website=SoftPower News}}</ref> Agnes yalabikira omulundi ogwasooka mu kitundu eky'okuna ekya ''Africa'' Laughs nga 8 Ogwekkumi mu [[Kampala Serena Hotel]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Larubi |first=Robert |date=9 October 2018 |title=Africa Laughs Season 4 Drama and Humour Leaves Revellers in Tears |url=https://www.softpower.ug/africa-laughs-season-4-drama-and-humour-leave-revelers-in-tears/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=Soft Power News}} - {{Cite web |last= |first= |date=10 October 2018 |title=Africa Laughs Season 4 Leaves Uganda Dying with Laughter |url=http://www.ghafla.com/ug/africa-laughs-season-4-leaves-uganda-dying-with-laughter/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=12 October 2018 |website=Ghafla}} - {{Cite web |last=Matooke |first=Republic |date=9 October 2018 |title=Drama and Rib Cracking Laughter Light Up Africa Laughs Season 4 |url=https://matookerepublic.com/2018/10/09/drama-and-rib-cracking-humour-light-up-africa-laughs-season-4/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> eyategekebwa [[Patrick Salvador Idringi]], n'abazannyi ba katemba abalala okwali [[Basketmouth]], Alfred Kainga, [[Eddie Kadi]], Mc Jesse, Pulofeesa Haimo, ne Arthur Nkusi. Mu Gwekkumineebiri, yaddamu okuzannya, ku mulundi guno ng'ali ne [[Fun Factory]] mu firimu ez'ebitundu eziragibwa ku TV eyitibwa ''Mizigo Express'', nga muganzi wa Sam. Ku ntandikwa ey'Ogwokusatu 2019, Agnes yatandikawo era n'atongoza [[Arise Woman!]] [[Comedy Jam]]<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref>ku [[lunaku lw'abakyala olw'ensi yonna]]. Mu kukuza olunaku lw'okuwummula, omuzannyo gwaliko abakazi bonna abazannyi aba Katemba,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kulanyi |first=Rachael |date=11 March 2019 |title=Female comedians celebrate Women's day in a comedy show dubbed 'Arise Woman Comedy Jam |url=https://matookerepublic.com/2019/03/11/female-comedians-celebrate-womens-day-in-a-comedy-show-dubbed-arise-woman-comedy-jam/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=12 March 2019 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> omwali Nancy Kobusheshe, Maggie the Bwaiserian, Rich Mouth, Dora Nakagga, Leila Kachapizo, n'abakyala ba Fun Factory. Ekitundu ky'ensimbi ezaava mu lulaga luno zaweebwa eri abetaaga obuyambi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Emuk |first=Benjamen |date=9 March 2019 |title=Ugandan Female Comics Dedicate 'Arise Woman Comedy Jam' Show to Charity |url=https://life.chimpreports.com/ugandan-female-comics-dedicate-arise-woman-comedy-jam-show-to-charity/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402081323/https://life.chimpreports.com/ugandan-female-comics-dedicate-arise-woman-comedy-jam-show-to-charity/ |archive-date=2 April 2019 |access-date=12 March 2019 |website=Chimp Reports}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'Ogwokusatu, Agnes yaddayo e Kigali ng'ali mu Seka Fest, n'abazannyi abalala okuva mu Uganda, Kenya, ne Nigeria.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Batte |first=Edgar. R |date=1 April 2019 |title=Ugandan comedians shine at Kigali's Seka fest |url=http://www.sqoop.co.ug/201904/news/events/ugandan-comedians-shine-at-kigalis-seka-fest.html |access-date=2 April 2019 |website=Sqoop}}</ref> Mu Gwokuna, yalabikira mu The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast, eyalagibwa ''omukubi'' wa firimu Luke Anthony ng'ekitundu kya Uganda Special.<ref name=":04">{{cite podcast|last=Anthony|first=Luke|title=Agnes Akite - Uganda Special|website=The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast|date=7 April 2019|url=https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|accessdate=9 April 2019|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531161219/https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mu Gwomusanvu 2019, yali omu ku bannakatemba ba Uganda abeetaba mu Laugh Festival mu Nairobi, Kenya,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nkurunzinza |first=James Peter |date=5 July 2019 |title=Rwandan comedian to perform at the 'Laugh Festival' in Nairobi |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/rwandan-comedian-perform-laugh-festival-nairobi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725035756/https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/rwandan-comedian-perform-laugh-festival-nairobi |archive-date=25 July 2019 |access-date=6 October 2019 |website=The New Times}} - {{Cite web |last=Zuri |first=Admin |date=24 July 2019 |title=International Laugh Festival (3rd Edition) |url=https://zurinews.com/laugh-festival-3-in-back-the-comedy-heist-full-infor/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925081054/https://zurinews.com/laugh-festival-3-in-back-the-comedy-heist-full-infor/ |archive-date=25 September 2019 |access-date=25 September 2019 |website=Zuri News}} - {{Cite web |last=Ngigi |first=Elizabeth |date=26 July 2019 |title=Laugh Festival Back for Round 3 |url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/sasa/word-is/2019-07-26-laugh-festival-back-for-round-3/ |access-date=25 September 2019 |website=The Star}} - {{Cite web |last=Kagonye |first=Fredrick |date=20 July 2019 |title=Wamlambez Dominates Laugh Festival |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001335745/wamlambez-dominates-laugh-festival |access-date=25 September 2019 |website=Standard Digital}}</ref> ate mu Gw'omwenda, yazannya mu Uganda North America Association Convention mu Chicago. Mu Gwekkumineebiri, ye yakulemberamu omukolo gwa One Africa Festival, ng'agezaako okulwanyisa obukyayi mu [[Port Elizabeth]], South Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 December 2019 |title=Comedy show fight against xenophobia |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/Local/PE-Express/comedy-show-fight-against-xenophobia-20191216 |access-date=26 December 2019 |website=News24}}</ref> Agnes yagenda mu maaso naategeka olulaga lwa ''Arise Woman Comedy Jam'' ''mu Gwokusatu 2020 era nga yaliwamu n'abakazi abalala okuva mu'' [[Fun Factory Uganda]] wamu ne [[Anne Kansiime]] n'abalala.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Matooke |first=Republic |date=4 March 2020 |title=Season Two of Arise Women Comedy Jam set to crack ribs this Friday – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20200304/season-two-of-arise-women-comedy-jam-set-to-crack-ribs-this-friday/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> Mu Ogw'omwenda 2022, Agnes ye yaweebwa ekyokuba muzannyi eyaggulawo olulaga mu ''Africa Laughs'' eya [[Patrick Salvador Idringi|Patrick Salvado Idringi]] ey'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ampurire |first=Paul |date=31 October 2022 |title=Africa Laughs 6 succeeds in debunking the stereotypes tagged on Uganda's stand-up |url=https://pluggedaily.com/2022/10/31/africa-laughs-6-succeeds-in-debunking-the-stereotypes-tagged-on-ugandas-standup/ |access-date=3 November 2022 |website=Plugged}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Namutebi |first=Phiona |date=26 October 2022 |title=Africa Laughs comedy show is back at Kololo Airstrip |url=https://capitalradio.co.ug/entertainment/2022-10-26-africa-laughs-comedy-show-is-back-at-kololo-airstrip/ |access-date=3 November 2022 |website=Capital Radio}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 October 2022 |title=Africa Laughs returns with comedic masterpiece |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/africa-laughs-returns-with-comedic-masterpiece/ |access-date=3 November 2022 |website=The Independent Uganda}}</ref> Nga 23 Ogwekkumi 2024 yategeka olulaga lwe yekka ku National Theatre lwe yatuuma Son of Opio.<ref name=":14">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> [[File:Fun_Factory_Ladies.jpg|alt=|thumb|257x257px|Abakyala okuva mu [[:en:Fun_Factory_Uganda|Fun Factory]] nga baliko akatundu katemba gwebakola mu lulaga olwa mu Arise Woman]] == Sitayiro ye eya Katemba == Enkola ya Agnes ey'okuzanyira ku siteegi ya Katemba ow'okwetegereza, mwatunuulira embeera eyewuunyisa mu bulamu bw'omuntu. Era olumu akozesa embeera ey'okwenyooma. Yeewala eby'obufuzi. == Obulamu bwe obw'omunda == Agnes mwana wakutaano<ref name=":15">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> mu maka agalimu abalenzi babiri, Richard ne Emmanuel, ne bagandabe mukaaga,Cathy, Grace, Mary, Susan, Harriet, ne Doreen. Muzadde wa baana babiri, Noel ne Brianna, era alina enkolagana ne Brian Makalama. Mukatoliki era asabira mu Kkanisa eya Our Lady of Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baike |first=Prisca |title=Comedian Agnes Akite has Bone to Pick with Minister Lokodo |url=https://www.observer.ug/lifestyle/43766-comedian-agnes-akite-has-bone-to-pick-with-minister-lokodo |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120095434/https://www.observer.ug/lifestyle/43766-comedian-agnes-akite-has-bone-to-pick-with-minister-lokodo |archive-date=20 November 2018 |access-date=19 October 2018 |website=The Observer |location=Uganda}}</ref> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri, yalumbibwa naakubwa ababbi bwe yali ava e Najjeera ku lulaga ekiro era yalumizibwa n'ekiwudu ku mutwe wamu n'ebinuubule ku liiso.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mwesigwa |first=Solomon |date=14 November 2023 |title=Comedienne Agnes Akite attacked and robbed by thugs after a quiz night session |url=https://mbu.ug/2023/11/14/agnes-akite-comedienne-robbed/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=MBU}}</ref> == Obuyambi bw'abantu == Agnes y'omu ku batandisi era akulira ekitongole ekya Arise Woman Foundation,<ref name=":16">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> ekirwanirira n'okuzzaamu amaanyi n'essuubi abakazi n'abavubuka. [citation needed] Ensimbi eziva mu kibiina ekya Arise Women! Comedy Jam ziweebwa eri Home of Hope, Jinja. [citation needed] == Firimu ze == {| class="wikitable" |+Emirundi gy'alabise ng'azannya mu firimu ne ttivi !Omwaka !Ekitiibwa !Omulimu gwe !Olukalala !Ebyafaayo |- |2009-2012 |''The Hostel'' |Envubu |NTV Uganda, DStv Africa Magic Entertainment, ZUKU TV, ne NTV KENYA | |- |2016 |Girl from Mparo |Maama Brian |[[Uganda Broadcasting Corporation|UBC]], DStv Pearl Magic | |- |2018 kati |''Mizigo Express'' |Muganzi wa Sam |DStv- Pearl Magi | |} == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * Akite Agnes at IMDb [[Category:Bannakatemba]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1983]] [[Category:Bannayuganda bannakatemba abayimirira bokka ku sitegi ne basesa abantu]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abakazi abazannyi ba katemba]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abakazi abazannyi ba firimu]] [[Category:Abantu abava e Kampala]] [[Category:Abaasomerako ku Ssettendekero wa Makerere University]] [[Category:Bannayuganda Abakatoliki]] t4sez4ks580zftq7cfcll9oyea1970v Akina Maama wa Afrika 0 10213 58552 34721 2026-07-03T14:46:38Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 corrected grammar and punctuations and spellings 58552 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Akina Mama wa Afrika (AMwA)''' (kigambo kya [[:en:Swahili_language|Luswayili]] ekitegeeza "Abakyala Abafirika") ky'atandikibwawo mu 1985 mu [[:en:United_Kingdom|Bungereza]] ng'ekibiina ky'abakyala Abafirika. Mu kaseera kano kitongole ky'ansi yonna era kirimu [[:en:Pan-African|Amawanga ga Africa ag'enjawulo]] [[:en:Non-governmental_organisation|kitongole kya bw'annakyewa]] ng'ekitebe ky'akyo ekikulu kiri mu [[:en:Kampala|Kampala]], [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]].<ref name="Guardian AMwA">Ray, Audacia (15 December 2010).</ref><ref>http://www.makeeverywomancount.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4472:our-interview-of-the-month-with-leah-chatta-chipepa&catid=59:our-monthly-interview&Itemid=164</ref> == Obuweereza bw'akyo == AMwA kinyonyorwa nga "ekifo awatendekerwa" era "entabiro" mu kisinde ky'abakyala mu Africa.<ref name="AMwA Sigrid Rausing">https://www.sigrid-rausing-trust.org/Grantees/Akina-Mama-Wa-Afrika</ref><ref name=":1">https://www.pulse.com.gh/bi/politics-meet-the-five-strongest-feminist-groups-in-africa/81pd13l.amp&ved=2ahUKEwj6nOD5jIL4AhWFzoUKHbcuD74QFnoECBEQAQ&usg=AOvVaw2fYNo8MAdDMYrxmxI24u4t</ref> Kissa essira ku kulinyisa obusobozi bw'abakala okwetaba mu bukulembeze ng'abayita mu nteekateeka z'ebyenjigiriza, okunoonyereza, okuteekawo obutuuti b'wokulwanirira eddembe wamu n'ebisinde okwegombesa bannabyabufuzi n'ababaka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/strategy/ |access-date=2023-05-26 |archive-date=2023-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526141027/https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/strategy/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":0">Porter, Julieanne; Johnson, Sonali; Amin, Avni; Garcia-Moreno, Claudia; Nordstrom, Sara; Teigeler, Jutta; Powell, Jude; Banda, Aggie Kalungu; Muyoyeta, Honorine (2006).</ref> Mu 2014, AMwA, wamu n'ebitongole by'abakyala ebirala, bakola olukangaana mu Kampala ku mutwe ogwa "okwongera amaanyi eri edoboozi ly'abakyala abafirika mu nteekateeka za 2015".<ref>http://wgnrr.org/african-civil-society-issue-a-statement-on-post-2015/</ref> Olukangaana luno lw'ali lwakujjukiza ku nsonga [[:en:Women_in_Africa|abakyala abafirika]] z'ebasisinkan nga okutulugunyizibwa olw'ekikula ky'abwe.<ref>https://www.un.org/africarenewal/news/uganda-violence-against-women-unabated-despite-laws-and-policies</ref><ref name="New Vision Uganda">Okoth, Cecily; Adima, Anna (1 July 2014).</ref> Ebimu ku bitongole ebiyambyeko mu kuwagira Akina Mama wa Afrika mulimu [[:en:African_Women's_Development_Fund|African Women's Development Fund]] ne [[:en:Sigrid_Rausing_Trust|Sigrid Rausing Trust]].<ref>https://awdf.org/akina-mama-wa-afrika/</ref><ref>https://www.sigrid-rausing-trust.org/grantee/akina-mama-wa-afrika/</ref> === The African Women’s Leadership Institute (AWLI) === AWLI, lyatandikibwawo mu 1996, fnga y'assa essira ku mitwe egy'enjawulo nga [[:en:Gender-based_violence|okutulugunya abantu okusinzira ku kikula]], [[:en:Sexual_and_reproductive_health_and_rights|eddembe eri eby'obujjanjabi eri endwadde z'ekikaba]], [[:en:Anti-poverty|okulwanyisa obwavu]] [[:en:Peace_building|n'okuzimbawo obutebenkevu]].<ref name="Peace FM Online">https://web.archive.org/web/20141129075744/http://comment.peacefmonline.com/pages/features/201409/215458.php</ref><ref>https://www.pambazuka.org/gender-minorities/africa-african-women%E2%80%99s-leadership-institute-awli</ref><ref>https://awdf.org/a-diary-from-the-african-womens-leadership-institute-awli/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/the-african-womens-leadership-institute-awli/ |access-date=2023-05-26 |archive-date=2023-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603045404/https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/the-african-womens-leadership-institute-awli/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kyateekebwatekebwa abakyala abakulembeze okuva mu Africa,okuwa obuwagizi obwekikuggu, enkolagana n'abantu ab'enjawulo saako n'emisomo eri abakyala abalwanirizi b'eddembe ly'obuntu abali mu myaka 18–45 okuva ku ssemazinga ez'enjawulo.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|issue=453–470}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFPorterJohnsonAminGarcia-Moreno2006">Porter, Julieanne; Johnson, Sonali; Amin, Avni; Garcia-Moreno, Claudia; Nordstrom, Sara; Teigeler, Jutta; Powell, Jude; Banda, Aggie Kalungu; Muyoyeta, Honorine (2006). </cite></ref> == Laba na bino == * [[:en:Christine_Butegwa|Christine Butegwa]] == Ebijuliziddwamu == {{Reflist|30em}} == Ebijuliziddwamu eby'ebweru wa Wikipediya == * [http://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/ Official website] fnr0qb86f6ocucajxwcihno2ew8erki 58553 58552 2026-07-03T14:54:11Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 corrected grammar and punctuations and spellings and de-wikilinked 58553 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Akina Mama wa Afrika (AMwA)''' (kigambo kya [[:en:Swahili_language|Luswayili]] ekitegeeza "Abakyala Abafirika") ky'atandikibwawo mu 1985 mu [[:en:United_Kingdom|Bungereza]] ng'ekibiina ky'abakyala Abafirika. Mu kaseera kano kitongole ky'ansi yonna era kirimu [[:en:Pan-African|Amawanga ga Africa ag'enjawulo]] [[:en:Non-governmental_organisation|kitongole kya bw'annakyewa]] ng'ekitebe ky'akyo ekikulu kiri mu [[:en:Kampala|Kampala]], [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]].<ref name="Guardian AMwA">Ray, Audacia (15 December 2010).</ref><ref>http://www.makeeverywomancount.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4472:our-interview-of-the-month-with-leah-chatta-chipepa&catid=59:our-monthly-interview&Itemid=164</ref> == Obuweereza bw'akyo == AMwA kinyonyorwa nga "ekifo awatendekerwa" era "entabiro" mu kisinde ky'abakyala mu Africa.<ref name="AMwA Sigrid Rausing">https://www.sigrid-rausing-trust.org/Grantees/Akina-Mama-Wa-Afrika</ref><ref name=":1">https://www.pulse.com.gh/bi/politics-meet-the-five-strongest-feminist-groups-in-africa/81pd13l.amp&ved=2ahUKEwj6nOD5jIL4AhWFzoUKHbcuD74QFnoECBEQAQ&usg=AOvVaw2fYNo8MAdDMYrxmxI24u4t</ref> Kissa essira ku kulinyisa obusobozi bw'abakala okwetaba mu bukulembeze ng'abayita mu nteekateeka z'ebyenjigiriza, okunoonyereza, okuteekawo obutuuti b'wokulwanirira eddembe wamu n'ebisinde okwegombesa bannabyabufuzi n'ababaka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/strategy/ |access-date=2023-05-26 |archive-date=2023-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526141027/https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/strategy/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":0">Porter, Julieanne; Johnson, Sonali; Amin, Avni; Garcia-Moreno, Claudia; Nordstrom, Sara; Teigeler, Jutta; Powell, Jude; Banda, Aggie Kalungu; Muyoyeta, Honorine (2006).</ref> Mu 2014, AMwA, wamu n'ebitongole by'abakyala ebirala, bakola olukangaana mu Kampala ku mutwe ogwa "okwongera amaanyi eri edoboozi ly'abakyala abafirika mu nteekateeka za 2015".<ref>http://wgnrr.org/african-civil-society-issue-a-statement-on-post-2015/</ref> Olukangaana luno lw'ali lwakujjukiza ku nsonga [[:en:Women_in_Africa|abakyala abafirika]] z'ebasisinkan nga okutulugunyizibwa olw'ekikula ky'abwe.<ref>https://www.un.org/africarenewal/news/uganda-violence-against-women-unabated-despite-laws-and-policies</ref><ref name="New Vision Uganda">Okoth, Cecily; Adima, Anna (1 July 2014).</ref> Ebimu ku bitongole ebiyambyeko mu kuwagira Akina Mama wa Afrika mulimu [[:en:African_Women's_Development_Fund|African Women's Development Fund]] ne [[:en:Sigrid_Rausing_Trust|Sigrid Rausing Trust]].<ref>https://awdf.org/akina-mama-wa-afrika/</ref><ref>https://www.sigrid-rausing-trust.org/grantee/akina-mama-wa-afrika/</ref> === Ettendekero lya African Women’s Leadership Institute (AWLI) === AWLI, lyatandikibwawo mu 1996, okusinga ly'assa essira ku nsonga ez'enjawulo omuli [[okutulugunya abantu okusinzira ku kikula]], [[Eddembe eri eby'obujjanjabi eri endwadde z'ekikaba|eby'obulamu by'abakyala mu kuzaala n'edembe lyabwe]], [[okulwanyisa obwavu]] n'okuzimbawo obutebenkevu.<ref name="Peace FM Online">https://web.archive.org/web/20141129075744/http://comment.peacefmonline.com/pages/features/201409/215458.php</ref><ref>https://www.pambazuka.org/gender-minorities/africa-african-women%E2%80%99s-leadership-institute-awli</ref><ref>https://awdf.org/a-diary-from-the-african-womens-leadership-institute-awli/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/the-african-womens-leadership-institute-awli/ |access-date=2023-05-26 |archive-date=2023-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603045404/https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/the-african-womens-leadership-institute-awli/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kyateekebwatekebwa abakyala abakulembeze okuva mu Africa,okuwa obuwagizi obwekikuggu, enkolagana n'abantu ab'enjawulo saako n'emisomo eri abakyala abalwanirizi b'eddembe ly'obuntu abali mu myaka 18–45 okuva ku ssemazinga ez'enjawulo.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|issue=453–470}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFPorterJohnsonAminGarcia-Moreno2006">Porter, Julieanne; Johnson, Sonali; Amin, Avni; Garcia-Moreno, Claudia; Nordstrom, Sara; Teigeler, Jutta; Powell, Jude; Banda, Aggie Kalungu; Muyoyeta, Honorine (2006). </cite></ref> == Laba na bino == * [[:en:Christine_Butegwa|Christine Butegwa]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist|30em}} == Ebijuliziddwa eby'ebweru wa Wikipediya == * [http://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/ Official website] lx9cy7bggt4r2djqq73go26udr96hur 58554 58553 2026-07-03T14:55:19Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 de-wikilinked 58554 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Akina Mama wa Afrika (AMwA)''' (kigambo kya [[:en:Swahili_language|Luswayili]] ekitegeeza "Abakyala Abafirika") ky'atandikibwawo mu 1985 mu [[:en:United_Kingdom|Bungereza]] ng'ekibiina ky'abakyala Abafirika. Mu kaseera kano kitongole ky'ansi yonna era kirimu [[:en:Pan-African|Amawanga ga Africa ag'enjawulo]] [[:en:Non-governmental_organisation|kitongole kya bw'annakyewa]] ng'ekitebe ky'akyo ekikulu kiri mu [[:en:Kampala|Kampala]], [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]].<ref name="Guardian AMwA">Ray, Audacia (15 December 2010).</ref><ref>http://www.makeeverywomancount.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4472:our-interview-of-the-month-with-leah-chatta-chipepa&catid=59:our-monthly-interview&Itemid=164</ref> == Obuweereza bw'akyo == AMwA kinyonyorwa nga "ekifo awatendekerwa" era "entabiro" mu kisinde ky'abakyala mu Africa.<ref name="AMwA Sigrid Rausing">https://www.sigrid-rausing-trust.org/Grantees/Akina-Mama-Wa-Afrika</ref><ref name=":1">https://www.pulse.com.gh/bi/politics-meet-the-five-strongest-feminist-groups-in-africa/81pd13l.amp&ved=2ahUKEwj6nOD5jIL4AhWFzoUKHbcuD74QFnoECBEQAQ&usg=AOvVaw2fYNo8MAdDMYrxmxI24u4t</ref> Kissa essira ku kulinyisa obusobozi bw'abakala okwetaba mu bukulembeze ng'abayita mu nteekateeka z'ebyenjigiriza, okunoonyereza, okuteekawo obutuuti b'wokulwanirira eddembe wamu n'ebisinde okwegombesa bannabyabufuzi n'ababaka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/strategy/ |access-date=2023-05-26 |archive-date=2023-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526141027/https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/strategy/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":0">Porter, Julieanne; Johnson, Sonali; Amin, Avni; Garcia-Moreno, Claudia; Nordstrom, Sara; Teigeler, Jutta; Powell, Jude; Banda, Aggie Kalungu; Muyoyeta, Honorine (2006).</ref> Mu 2014, AMwA, wamu n'ebitongole by'abakyala ebirala, bakola olukangaana mu Kampala ku mutwe ogwa "okwongera amaanyi eri edoboozi ly'abakyala abafirika mu nteekateeka za 2015".<ref>http://wgnrr.org/african-civil-society-issue-a-statement-on-post-2015/</ref> Olukangaana luno lw'ali lwakujjukiza ku nsonga [[:en:Women_in_Africa|abakyala abafirika]] z'ebasisinkan nga okutulugunyizibwa olw'ekikula ky'abwe.<ref>https://www.un.org/africarenewal/news/uganda-violence-against-women-unabated-despite-laws-and-policies</ref><ref name="New Vision Uganda">Okoth, Cecily; Adima, Anna (1 July 2014).</ref> Ebimu ku bitongole ebiyambyeko mu kuwagira Akina Mama wa Afrika mulimu [[:en:African_Women's_Development_Fund|African Women's Development Fund]] ne [[:en:Sigrid_Rausing_Trust|Sigrid Rausing Trust]].<ref>https://awdf.org/akina-mama-wa-afrika/</ref><ref>https://www.sigrid-rausing-trust.org/grantee/akina-mama-wa-afrika/</ref> === Ettendekero lya African Women’s Leadership Institute (AWLI) === AWLI, lyatandikibwawo mu 1996, okusinga ly'assa essira ku nsonga ez'enjawulo omuli [[okutulugunya abantu okusinzira ku kikula]], [[Eddembe eri eby'obujjanjabi eri endwadde z'ekikaba|eby'obulamu by'abakyala mu kuzaala n'edembe lyabwe]], [[okulwanyisa obwavu]] n'okuzimbawo obutebenkevu.<ref name="Peace FM Online">https://web.archive.org/web/20141129075744/http://comment.peacefmonline.com/pages/features/201409/215458.php</ref><ref>https://www.pambazuka.org/gender-minorities/africa-african-women%E2%80%99s-leadership-institute-awli</ref><ref>https://awdf.org/a-diary-from-the-african-womens-leadership-institute-awli/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/the-african-womens-leadership-institute-awli/ |access-date=2023-05-26 |archive-date=2023-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603045404/https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/the-african-womens-leadership-institute-awli/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kyateekebwatekebwa abakyala abakulembeze okuva mu Africa,okuwa obuwagizi obwekikuggu, enkolagana n'abantu ab'enjawulo saako n'emisomo eri abakyala abalwanirizi b'eddembe ly'obuntu abali mu myaka 18–45 okuva ku ssemazinga ez'enjawulo.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|issue=453–470}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFPorterJohnsonAminGarcia-Moreno2006">Porter, Julieanne; Johnson, Sonali; Amin, Avni; Garcia-Moreno, Claudia; Nordstrom, Sara; Teigeler, Jutta; Powell, Jude; Banda, Aggie Kalungu; Muyoyeta, Honorine (2006). </cite></ref> == Laba na bino == * [[Christine Butegwa]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist|30em}} == Ebijuliziddwa eby'ebweru wa Wikipediya == * [http://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/ Official website] ro2g11sx4l9d0iap39fvwtes0myl1gh 58555 58554 2026-07-03T14:56:35Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 added a category 58555 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Akina Mama wa Afrika (AMwA)''' (kigambo kya [[:en:Swahili_language|Luswayili]] ekitegeeza "Abakyala Abafirika") ky'atandikibwawo mu 1985 mu [[:en:United_Kingdom|Bungereza]] ng'ekibiina ky'abakyala Abafirika. Mu kaseera kano kitongole ky'ansi yonna era kirimu [[:en:Pan-African|Amawanga ga Africa ag'enjawulo]] [[:en:Non-governmental_organisation|kitongole kya bw'annakyewa]] ng'ekitebe ky'akyo ekikulu kiri mu [[:en:Kampala|Kampala]], [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]].<ref name="Guardian AMwA">Ray, Audacia (15 December 2010).</ref><ref>http://www.makeeverywomancount.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4472:our-interview-of-the-month-with-leah-chatta-chipepa&catid=59:our-monthly-interview&Itemid=164</ref> == Obuweereza bw'akyo == AMwA kinyonyorwa nga "ekifo awatendekerwa" era "entabiro" mu kisinde ky'abakyala mu Africa.<ref name="AMwA Sigrid Rausing">https://www.sigrid-rausing-trust.org/Grantees/Akina-Mama-Wa-Afrika</ref><ref name=":1">https://www.pulse.com.gh/bi/politics-meet-the-five-strongest-feminist-groups-in-africa/81pd13l.amp&ved=2ahUKEwj6nOD5jIL4AhWFzoUKHbcuD74QFnoECBEQAQ&usg=AOvVaw2fYNo8MAdDMYrxmxI24u4t</ref> Kissa essira ku kulinyisa obusobozi bw'abakala okwetaba mu bukulembeze ng'abayita mu nteekateeka z'ebyenjigiriza, okunoonyereza, okuteekawo obutuuti b'wokulwanirira eddembe wamu n'ebisinde okwegombesa bannabyabufuzi n'ababaka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/strategy/ |access-date=2023-05-26 |archive-date=2023-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526141027/https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/strategy/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":0">Porter, Julieanne; Johnson, Sonali; Amin, Avni; Garcia-Moreno, Claudia; Nordstrom, Sara; Teigeler, Jutta; Powell, Jude; Banda, Aggie Kalungu; Muyoyeta, Honorine (2006).</ref> Mu 2014, AMwA, wamu n'ebitongole by'abakyala ebirala, bakola olukangaana mu Kampala ku mutwe ogwa "okwongera amaanyi eri edoboozi ly'abakyala abafirika mu nteekateeka za 2015".<ref>http://wgnrr.org/african-civil-society-issue-a-statement-on-post-2015/</ref> Olukangaana luno lw'ali lwakujjukiza ku nsonga [[:en:Women_in_Africa|abakyala abafirika]] z'ebasisinkan nga okutulugunyizibwa olw'ekikula ky'abwe.<ref>https://www.un.org/africarenewal/news/uganda-violence-against-women-unabated-despite-laws-and-policies</ref><ref name="New Vision Uganda">Okoth, Cecily; Adima, Anna (1 July 2014).</ref> Ebimu ku bitongole ebiyambyeko mu kuwagira Akina Mama wa Afrika mulimu [[:en:African_Women's_Development_Fund|African Women's Development Fund]] ne [[:en:Sigrid_Rausing_Trust|Sigrid Rausing Trust]].<ref>https://awdf.org/akina-mama-wa-afrika/</ref><ref>https://www.sigrid-rausing-trust.org/grantee/akina-mama-wa-afrika/</ref> === Ettendekero lya African Women’s Leadership Institute (AWLI) === AWLI, lyatandikibwawo mu 1996, okusinga ly'assa essira ku nsonga ez'enjawulo omuli [[okutulugunya abantu okusinzira ku kikula]], [[Eddembe eri eby'obujjanjabi eri endwadde z'ekikaba|eby'obulamu by'abakyala mu kuzaala n'edembe lyabwe]], [[okulwanyisa obwavu]] n'okuzimbawo obutebenkevu.<ref name="Peace FM Online">https://web.archive.org/web/20141129075744/http://comment.peacefmonline.com/pages/features/201409/215458.php</ref><ref>https://www.pambazuka.org/gender-minorities/africa-african-women%E2%80%99s-leadership-institute-awli</ref><ref>https://awdf.org/a-diary-from-the-african-womens-leadership-institute-awli/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/the-african-womens-leadership-institute-awli/ |access-date=2023-05-26 |archive-date=2023-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603045404/https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/the-african-womens-leadership-institute-awli/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kyateekebwatekebwa abakyala abakulembeze okuva mu Africa,okuwa obuwagizi obwekikuggu, enkolagana n'abantu ab'enjawulo saako n'emisomo eri abakyala abalwanirizi b'eddembe ly'obuntu abali mu myaka 18–45 okuva ku ssemazinga ez'enjawulo.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|issue=453–470}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFPorterJohnsonAminGarcia-Moreno2006">Porter, Julieanne; Johnson, Sonali; Amin, Avni; Garcia-Moreno, Claudia; Nordstrom, Sara; Teigeler, Jutta; Powell, Jude; Banda, Aggie Kalungu; Muyoyeta, Honorine (2006). </cite></ref> == Laba na bino == * [[Christine Butegwa]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist|30em}} == Ebijuliziddwa eby'ebweru wa Wikipediya == * [http://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/ Official website] [[Category:Ebitongole by'Abangereza eby'atandikibwawo mu 1985]] 2apfzqjm9mpgq2b0vfcas4mfxhmlyr0 58556 58555 2026-07-03T14:57:50Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 de-wikilinked and wikilinked 58556 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Akina Mama wa Afrika (AMwA)''' (kigambo kya [[Luswayili]] ekitegeeza "Abakyala Abafirika") ky'atandikibwawo mu 1985 mu [[:en:United_Kingdom|Bungereza]] ng'ekibiina ky'abakyala Abafirika. Mu kaseera kano kitongole ky'ansi yonna era kirimu [[Amawanga ga Africa ag'enjawulo]] [[kitongole kya bw'annakyewa]] ng'ekitebe ky'akyo ekikulu kiri mu [[Kampala]], [[Yuganda|Uganda]].<ref name="Guardian AMwA">Ray, Audacia (15 December 2010).</ref><ref>http://www.makeeverywomancount.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4472:our-interview-of-the-month-with-leah-chatta-chipepa&catid=59:our-monthly-interview&Itemid=164</ref> == Obuweereza bw'akyo == AMwA kinyonyorwa nga "ekifo awatendekerwa" era "entabiro" mu kisinde ky'abakyala mu Africa.<ref name="AMwA Sigrid Rausing">https://www.sigrid-rausing-trust.org/Grantees/Akina-Mama-Wa-Afrika</ref><ref name=":1">https://www.pulse.com.gh/bi/politics-meet-the-five-strongest-feminist-groups-in-africa/81pd13l.amp&ved=2ahUKEwj6nOD5jIL4AhWFzoUKHbcuD74QFnoECBEQAQ&usg=AOvVaw2fYNo8MAdDMYrxmxI24u4t</ref> Kissa essira ku kulinyisa obusobozi bw'abakala okwetaba mu bukulembeze ng'abayita mu nteekateeka z'ebyenjigiriza, okunoonyereza, okuteekawo obutuuti b'wokulwanirira eddembe wamu n'ebisinde okwegombesa bannabyabufuzi n'ababaka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/strategy/ |access-date=2023-05-26 |archive-date=2023-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526141027/https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/strategy/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":0">Porter, Julieanne; Johnson, Sonali; Amin, Avni; Garcia-Moreno, Claudia; Nordstrom, Sara; Teigeler, Jutta; Powell, Jude; Banda, Aggie Kalungu; Muyoyeta, Honorine (2006).</ref> Mu 2014, AMwA, wamu n'ebitongole by'abakyala ebirala, bakola olukangaana mu Kampala ku mutwe ogwa "okwongera amaanyi eri edoboozi ly'abakyala abafirika mu nteekateeka za 2015".<ref>http://wgnrr.org/african-civil-society-issue-a-statement-on-post-2015/</ref> Olukangaana luno lw'ali lwakujjukiza ku nsonga [[:en:Women_in_Africa|abakyala abafirika]] z'ebasisinkan nga okutulugunyizibwa olw'ekikula ky'abwe.<ref>https://www.un.org/africarenewal/news/uganda-violence-against-women-unabated-despite-laws-and-policies</ref><ref name="New Vision Uganda">Okoth, Cecily; Adima, Anna (1 July 2014).</ref> Ebimu ku bitongole ebiyambyeko mu kuwagira Akina Mama wa Afrika mulimu [[:en:African_Women's_Development_Fund|African Women's Development Fund]] ne [[:en:Sigrid_Rausing_Trust|Sigrid Rausing Trust]].<ref>https://awdf.org/akina-mama-wa-afrika/</ref><ref>https://www.sigrid-rausing-trust.org/grantee/akina-mama-wa-afrika/</ref> === Ettendekero lya African Women’s Leadership Institute (AWLI) === AWLI, lyatandikibwawo mu 1996, okusinga ly'assa essira ku nsonga ez'enjawulo omuli [[okutulugunya abantu okusinzira ku kikula]], [[Eddembe eri eby'obujjanjabi eri endwadde z'ekikaba|eby'obulamu by'abakyala mu kuzaala n'edembe lyabwe]], [[okulwanyisa obwavu]] n'okuzimbawo obutebenkevu.<ref name="Peace FM Online">https://web.archive.org/web/20141129075744/http://comment.peacefmonline.com/pages/features/201409/215458.php</ref><ref>https://www.pambazuka.org/gender-minorities/africa-african-women%E2%80%99s-leadership-institute-awli</ref><ref>https://awdf.org/a-diary-from-the-african-womens-leadership-institute-awli/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/the-african-womens-leadership-institute-awli/ |access-date=2023-05-26 |archive-date=2023-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603045404/https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/the-african-womens-leadership-institute-awli/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kyateekebwatekebwa abakyala abakulembeze okuva mu Africa,okuwa obuwagizi obwekikuggu, enkolagana n'abantu ab'enjawulo saako n'emisomo eri abakyala abalwanirizi b'eddembe ly'obuntu abali mu myaka 18–45 okuva ku ssemazinga ez'enjawulo.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|issue=453–470}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFPorterJohnsonAminGarcia-Moreno2006">Porter, Julieanne; Johnson, Sonali; Amin, Avni; Garcia-Moreno, Claudia; Nordstrom, Sara; Teigeler, Jutta; Powell, Jude; Banda, Aggie Kalungu; Muyoyeta, Honorine (2006). </cite></ref> == Laba na bino == * [[Christine Butegwa]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist|30em}} == Ebijuliziddwa eby'ebweru wa Wikipediya == * [http://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/ Official website] [[Category:Ebitongole by'Abangereza eby'atandikibwawo mu 1985]] 2d7h9t2wfn2d66rh9644z1euv8p7r5s 58558 58556 2026-07-03T15:00:09Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 added areference 58558 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Akina Mama wa Afrika (AMwA)''' (kigambo kya [[Luswayili]] ekitegeeza "Abakyala Abafirika") ky'atandikibwawo mu 1985 mu [[:en:United_Kingdom|Bungereza]] ng'ekibiina ky'abakyala Abafirika. Mu kaseera kano kitongole ky'ansi yonna era kirimu [[Amawanga ga Africa ag'enjawulo]] [[kitongole kya bw'annakyewa]] ng'ekitebe ky'akyo ekikulu kiri mu [[Kampala]], [[Yuganda|Uganda]].<ref name="Guardian AMwA">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2010/dec/15/not-just-violent-clients-hurt-sex-workers|title=Not Just Violent Clients Hurt Sex Workers|date=15 December 2010|newspaper=The Guardian|accessdate=25 November 2014|author=Ray, Audacia}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.makeeverywomancount.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4472:our-interview-of-the-month-with-leah-chatta-chipepa&catid=59:our-monthly-interview&Itemid=164|title=Our Interview of the Month with Leah Chatta-Chipepa|publisher=Make Every Woman Count|website=www.makeeverywomancount.org|date=5 November 2012|accessdate=28 July 2014}}</ref> == Obuweereza bw'akyo == AMwA kinyonyorwa nga "ekifo awatendekerwa" era "entabiro" mu kisinde ky'abakyala mu Africa.<ref name="AMwA Sigrid Rausing">https://www.sigrid-rausing-trust.org/Grantees/Akina-Mama-Wa-Afrika</ref><ref name=":1">https://www.pulse.com.gh/bi/politics-meet-the-five-strongest-feminist-groups-in-africa/81pd13l.amp&ved=2ahUKEwj6nOD5jIL4AhWFzoUKHbcuD74QFnoECBEQAQ&usg=AOvVaw2fYNo8MAdDMYrxmxI24u4t</ref> Kissa essira ku kulinyisa obusobozi bw'abakala okwetaba mu bukulembeze ng'abayita mu nteekateeka z'ebyenjigiriza, okunoonyereza, okuteekawo obutuuti b'wokulwanirira eddembe wamu n'ebisinde okwegombesa bannabyabufuzi n'ababaka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/strategy/ |access-date=2023-05-26 |archive-date=2023-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526141027/https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/strategy/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":0">Porter, Julieanne; Johnson, Sonali; Amin, Avni; Garcia-Moreno, Claudia; Nordstrom, Sara; Teigeler, Jutta; Powell, Jude; Banda, Aggie Kalungu; Muyoyeta, Honorine (2006).</ref> Mu 2014, AMwA, wamu n'ebitongole by'abakyala ebirala, bakola olukangaana mu Kampala ku mutwe ogwa "okwongera amaanyi eri edoboozi ly'abakyala abafirika mu nteekateeka za 2015".<ref>http://wgnrr.org/african-civil-society-issue-a-statement-on-post-2015/</ref> Olukangaana luno lw'ali lwakujjukiza ku nsonga [[Abakyala abafirika|abakyala Abafirika]] z'ebasisinkan nga okutulugunyizibwa olw'ekikula ky'abwe.<ref>https://www.un.org/africarenewal/news/uganda-violence-against-women-unabated-despite-laws-and-policies</ref><ref name="New Vision Uganda">Okoth, Cecily; Adima, Anna (1 July 2014).</ref> Ebimu ku bitongole ebiyambyeko mu kuwagira Akina Mama wa Afrika mulimu [[African Women's Development Fund]] ne [[Sigrid Rausing Trust]].<ref>https://awdf.org/akina-mama-wa-afrika/</ref><ref>https://www.sigrid-rausing-trust.org/grantee/akina-mama-wa-afrika/</ref> === Ettendekero lya African Women’s Leadership Institute (AWLI) === AWLI, lyatandikibwawo mu 1996, okusinga ly'assa essira ku nsonga ez'enjawulo omuli [[okutulugunya abantu okusinzira ku kikula]], [[Eddembe eri eby'obujjanjabi eri endwadde z'ekikaba|eby'obulamu by'abakyala mu kuzaala n'edembe lyabwe]], [[okulwanyisa obwavu]] n'okuzimbawo obutebenkevu.<ref name="Peace FM Online">https://web.archive.org/web/20141129075744/http://comment.peacefmonline.com/pages/features/201409/215458.php</ref><ref>https://www.pambazuka.org/gender-minorities/africa-african-women%E2%80%99s-leadership-institute-awli</ref><ref>https://awdf.org/a-diary-from-the-african-womens-leadership-institute-awli/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/the-african-womens-leadership-institute-awli/ |access-date=2023-05-26 |archive-date=2023-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603045404/https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/the-african-womens-leadership-institute-awli/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kyateekebwatekebwa abakyala abakulembeze okuva mu Africa,okuwa obuwagizi obwekikuggu, enkolagana n'abantu ab'enjawulo saako n'emisomo eri abakyala abalwanirizi b'eddembe ly'obuntu abali mu myaka 18–45 okuva ku ssemazinga ez'enjawulo.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|issue=453–470}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFPorterJohnsonAminGarcia-Moreno2006">Porter, Julieanne; Johnson, Sonali; Amin, Avni; Garcia-Moreno, Claudia; Nordstrom, Sara; Teigeler, Jutta; Powell, Jude; Banda, Aggie Kalungu; Muyoyeta, Honorine (2006). </cite></ref> == Laba na bino == * [[Christine Butegwa]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist|30em}} == Ebijuliziddwa eby'ebweru wa Wikipediya == * [http://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/ Official website] [[Category:Ebitongole by'Abangereza eby'atandikibwawo mu 1985]] 69xcmc8a92qgkhy196mrr8fmt9d13fw 58560 58558 2026-07-03T15:01:57Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 added a new reference 58560 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Akina Mama wa Afrika (AMwA)''' (kigambo kya [[Luswayili]] ekitegeeza "Abakyala Abafirika") ky'atandikibwawo mu 1985 mu [[:en:United_Kingdom|Bungereza]] ng'ekibiina ky'abakyala Abafirika. Mu kaseera kano kitongole ky'ansi yonna era kirimu [[Amawanga ga Africa ag'enjawulo]] [[kitongole kya bw'annakyewa]] ng'ekitebe ky'akyo ekikulu kiri mu [[Kampala]], [[Yuganda|Uganda]].<ref name="Guardian AMwA">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2010/dec/15/not-just-violent-clients-hurt-sex-workers|title=Not Just Violent Clients Hurt Sex Workers|date=15 December 2010|newspaper=The Guardian|accessdate=25 November 2014|author=Ray, Audacia}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.makeeverywomancount.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4472:our-interview-of-the-month-with-leah-chatta-chipepa&catid=59:our-monthly-interview&Itemid=164|title=Our Interview of the Month with Leah Chatta-Chipepa|publisher=Make Every Woman Count|website=www.makeeverywomancount.org|date=5 November 2012|accessdate=28 July 2014}}</ref> == Obuweereza bw'akyo == AMwA kinyonyorwa nga "ekifo awatendekerwa" era "entabiro" mu kisinde ky'abakyala mu Africa.<ref name="AMwA Sigrid Rausing">{{cite web |url=https://www.sigrid-rausing-trust.org/Grantees/Akina-Mama-Wa-Afrika|title=Akina Mama Wa Afrika|date=January 2004|publisher=Sigrid Rausing Trust|accessdate=25 November 2014}}</ref><ref name="AMwA Sigrid Rausing2">{{cite web |url=https://www.sigrid-rausing-trust.org/Grantees/Akina-Mama-Wa-Afrika|title=Akina Mama Wa Afrika|date=January 2004|publisher=Sigrid Rausing Trust|accessdate=25 November 2014}}</ref> Kissa essira ku kulinyisa obusobozi bw'abakala okwetaba mu bukulembeze ng'abayita mu nteekateeka z'ebyenjigiriza, okunoonyereza, okuteekawo obutuuti b'wokulwanirira eddembe wamu n'ebisinde okwegombesa bannabyabufuzi n'ababaka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/strategy/|title=How We Work – Akina Mama wa Afrika|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-18}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite journal|last1=Porter|first1=Julieanne|last2=Johnson|first2=Sonali|last3=Amin|first3=Avni|last4=Garcia-Moreno|first4=Claudia|last5=Nordstrom|first5=Sara|last6=Teigeler|first6=Jutta|last7=Powell|first7=Jude|last8=Banda|first8=Aggie Kalungu|last9=Muyoyeta|first9=Honorine|date=2006|title=Views, Events, and Debates|journal=Gender and Development|publisher=Taylor & Francis, Ltd.|volume=14|issue=3|pages=453–470|doi=10.1080/13552070600980963|jstor=20461166|s2cid=73238248|issn=1355-2074}}</ref> Mu 2014, AMwA, wamu n'ebitongole by'abakyala ebirala, bakola olukangaana mu Kampala ku mutwe ogwa "okwongera amaanyi eri edoboozi ly'abakyala abafirika mu nteekateeka za 2015".<ref>http://wgnrr.org/african-civil-society-issue-a-statement-on-post-2015/</ref> Olukangaana luno lw'ali lwakujjukiza ku nsonga [[Abakyala abafirika|abakyala Abafirika]] z'ebasisinkan nga okutulugunyizibwa olw'ekikula ky'abwe.<ref>https://www.un.org/africarenewal/news/uganda-violence-against-women-unabated-despite-laws-and-policies</ref><ref name="New Vision Uganda">Okoth, Cecily; Adima, Anna (1 July 2014).</ref> Ebimu ku bitongole ebiyambyeko mu kuwagira Akina Mama wa Afrika mulimu [[African Women's Development Fund]] ne [[Sigrid Rausing Trust]].<ref>https://awdf.org/akina-mama-wa-afrika/</ref><ref>https://www.sigrid-rausing-trust.org/grantee/akina-mama-wa-afrika/</ref> === Ettendekero lya African Women’s Leadership Institute (AWLI) === AWLI, lyatandikibwawo mu 1996, okusinga ly'assa essira ku nsonga ez'enjawulo omuli [[okutulugunya abantu okusinzira ku kikula]], [[Eddembe eri eby'obujjanjabi eri endwadde z'ekikaba|eby'obulamu by'abakyala mu kuzaala n'edembe lyabwe]], [[okulwanyisa obwavu]] n'okuzimbawo obutebenkevu.<ref name="Peace FM Online">https://web.archive.org/web/20141129075744/http://comment.peacefmonline.com/pages/features/201409/215458.php</ref><ref>https://www.pambazuka.org/gender-minorities/africa-african-women%E2%80%99s-leadership-institute-awli</ref><ref>https://awdf.org/a-diary-from-the-african-womens-leadership-institute-awli/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/the-african-womens-leadership-institute-awli/ |access-date=2023-05-26 |archive-date=2023-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603045404/https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/the-african-womens-leadership-institute-awli/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kyateekebwatekebwa abakyala abakulembeze okuva mu Africa,okuwa obuwagizi obwekikuggu, enkolagana n'abantu ab'enjawulo saako n'emisomo eri abakyala abalwanirizi b'eddembe ly'obuntu abali mu myaka 18–45 okuva ku ssemazinga ez'enjawulo.<ref name=":0">Porter, Julieanne; Johnson, Sonali; Amin, Avni; Garcia-Moreno, Claudia; Nordstrom, Sara; Teigeler, Jutta; Powell, Jude; Banda, Aggie Kalungu; Muyoyeta, Honorine (2006).</ref> == Laba na bino == * [[Christine Butegwa]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist|30em}} == Ebijuliziddwa eby'ebweru wa Wikipediya == * [http://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/ Official website] [[Category:Ebitongole by'Abangereza eby'atandikibwawo mu 1985]] 8xaphtrnhle0or2ynb4gix6wd7x6g2x 58562 58560 2026-07-03T15:07:58Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 added references 58562 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Akina Mama wa Afrika (AMwA)''' (kigambo kya [[Luswayili]] ekitegeeza "Abakyala Abafirika") ky'atandikibwawo mu 1985 mu [[:en:United_Kingdom|Bungereza]] ng'ekibiina ky'abakyala Abafirika. Mu kaseera kano kitongole ky'ansi yonna era kirimu [[Amawanga ga Africa ag'enjawulo]] [[kitongole kya bw'annakyewa]] ng'ekitebe ky'akyo ekikulu kiri mu [[Kampala]], [[Yuganda|Uganda]].<ref name="Guardian AMwA">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2010/dec/15/not-just-violent-clients-hurt-sex-workers|title=Not Just Violent Clients Hurt Sex Workers|date=15 December 2010|newspaper=The Guardian|accessdate=25 November 2014|author=Ray, Audacia}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.makeeverywomancount.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4472:our-interview-of-the-month-with-leah-chatta-chipepa&catid=59:our-monthly-interview&Itemid=164|title=Our Interview of the Month with Leah Chatta-Chipepa|publisher=Make Every Woman Count|website=www.makeeverywomancount.org|date=5 November 2012|accessdate=28 July 2014}}</ref> == Obuweereza bw'akyo == AMwA kinyonyorwa nga "ekifo awatendekerwa" era "entabiro" mu kisinde ky'abakyala mu Africa.<ref name="AMwA Sigrid Rausing">{{cite web |url=https://www.sigrid-rausing-trust.org/Grantees/Akina-Mama-Wa-Afrika|title=Akina Mama Wa Afrika|date=January 2004|publisher=Sigrid Rausing Trust|accessdate=25 November 2014}}</ref><ref name="AMwA Sigrid Rausing2">{{cite web |url=https://www.sigrid-rausing-trust.org/Grantees/Akina-Mama-Wa-Afrika|title=Akina Mama Wa Afrika|date=January 2004|publisher=Sigrid Rausing Trust|accessdate=25 November 2014}}</ref> Kissa essira ku kulinyisa obusobozi bw'abakala okwetaba mu bukulembeze ng'abayita mu nteekateeka z'ebyenjigiriza, okunoonyereza, okuteekawo obutuuti b'wokulwanirira eddembe wamu n'ebisinde okwegombesa bannabyabufuzi n'ababaka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/strategy/|title=How We Work – Akina Mama wa Afrika|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-18}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite journal|last1=Porter|first1=Julieanne|last2=Johnson|first2=Sonali|last3=Amin|first3=Avni|last4=Garcia-Moreno|first4=Claudia|last5=Nordstrom|first5=Sara|last6=Teigeler|first6=Jutta|last7=Powell|first7=Jude|last8=Banda|first8=Aggie Kalungu|last9=Muyoyeta|first9=Honorine|date=2006|title=Views, Events, and Debates|journal=Gender and Development|publisher=Taylor & Francis, Ltd.|volume=14|issue=3|pages=453–470|doi=10.1080/13552070600980963|jstor=20461166|s2cid=73238248|issn=1355-2074}}</ref> Mu 2014, AMwA, wamu n'ebitongole by'abakyala ebirala, bakola olukangaana mu Kampala ku mutwe ogwa "okwongera amaanyi eri edoboozi ly'abakyala abafirika mu nteekateeka za 2015".<ref>[http://wgnrr.org/african-civil-society-issue-a-statement-on-post-2015/ "African Civil Society Issues a Statement on Post-2015"], Women’s Global Network for Reproductive Rights (WGNRR), 15 July 2014.</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Meet the five strongest feminist groups in Africa|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/bi/politics-meet-the-five-strongest-feminist-groups-in-africa/81pd13l.amp&ved=2ahUKEwj6nOD5jIL4AhWFzoUKHbcuD74QFnoECBEQAQ&usg=AOvVaw2fYNo8MAdDMYrxmxI24u4t|access-date=2022-05-28|website=}}{{Dead link|date=November 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot}}</ref>Olukangaana luno lw'ali lwakujjukiza ku nsonga [[Abakyala abafirika|abakyala Abafirika]] z'ebasisinkan nga okutulugunyizibwa olw'ekikula ky'abwe.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Uganda: Violence against women unabated despite laws and policies |url=https://www.un.org/africarenewal/news/uganda-violence-against-women-unabated-despite-laws-and-policies |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=}}</ref><ref name="New Vision Uganda">{{cite news|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/657085-ugandan-men-worst-wife-batterers.html|title=Ugandan Men Worst Wife Batterers|date=1 July 2014|work=New Vision|location=Uganda|accessdate=25 November 2014|author1=Okoth, Cecily|author2=Adima, Anna}}</ref> Ebimu ku bitongole ebiyambyeko mu kuwagira Akina Mama wa Afrika mulimu [[African Women's Development Fund]] ne [[Sigrid Rausing Trust]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-04-10 |title=Akina Mama wa Afrika |url=https://awdf.org/akina-mama-wa-afrika/ |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=The African Women's Development Fund (AWDF) |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=January 2004 |title=Akina Mama Wa Afrika |url=https://www.sigrid-rausing-trust.org/grantee/akina-mama-wa-afrika/ |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=The Sigrid Rausing Trust |language=en}}</ref> === Ettendekero lya African Women’s Leadership Institute (AWLI) === AWLI, lyatandikibwawo mu 1996, okusinga ly'assa essira ku nsonga ez'enjawulo omuli [[okutulugunya abantu okusinzira ku kikula]], [[Eddembe eri eby'obujjanjabi eri endwadde z'ekikaba|eby'obulamu by'abakyala mu kuzaala n'edembe lyabwe]], [[okulwanyisa obwavu]] n'okuzimbawo obutebenkevu.<ref name="Peace FM Online">{{cite web |title=Women Empowerment in Africa, AWDF shows the way |url=http://comment.peacefmonline.com/pages/features/201409/215458.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129075744/http://comment.peacefmonline.com/pages/features/201409/215458.php |archive-date=29 November 2014 |accessdate=25 November 2014 |publisher=Peace FM Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-03-03 |title=Africa: African Women's Leadership Institute (AWLI) {{!}} Pambazuka News |url=https://www.pambazuka.org/gender-minorities/africa-african-women%E2%80%99s-leadership-institute-awli |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=www.pambazuka.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-09-23 |title=A Diary from the African Women's Leadership Institute (AWLI) |url=https://awdf.org/a-diary-from-the-african-womens-leadership-institute-awli/ |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=The African Women's Development Fund (AWDF) |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The African Women's Leadership Institute (AWLI) – Akina Mama wa Afrika |url=https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/the-african-womens-leadership-institute-awli/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603045404/https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/the-african-womens-leadership-institute-awli/ |archive-date=3 June 2023 |access-date=2022-05-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> Kyateekebwatekebwa abakyala abakulembeze okuva mu Africa,okuwa obuwagizi obwekikuggu, enkolagana n'abantu ab'enjawulo saako n'emisomo eri abakyala abalwanirizi b'eddembe ly'obuntu abali mu myaka 18–45 okuva ku ssemazinga ez'enjawulo.<ref name=":0">Porter, Julieanne; Johnson, Sonali; Amin, Avni; Garcia-Moreno, Claudia; Nordstrom, Sara; Teigeler, Jutta; Powell, Jude; Banda, Aggie Kalungu; Muyoyeta, Honorine (2006).</ref> == Laba na bino == * [[Christine Butegwa]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist|30em}} == Ebijuliziddwa eby'ebweru wa Wikipediya == * [http://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/ Official website] [[Category:Ebitongole by'Abangereza eby'atandikibwawo mu 1985]] a92jxfujwjo87eg6waarc28791n6rr1 58564 58562 2026-07-03T15:10:31Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 corrected spellings 58564 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Akina Mama wa Afrika (AMwA)''' (kigambo kya [[Luswayili]] ekitegeeza "Abakyala Abafirika") ky'atandikibwawo mu 1985 mu [[:en:United_Kingdom|Bungereza]] ng'ekibiina ky'abakyala Abafirika. Mu kaseera kano kitongole ky'ansi yonna era kirimu [[Amawanga ga Africa ag'enjawulo]] [[kitongole kya bw'annakyewa]] ng'ekitebe ky'akyo ekikulu kiri mu [[Kampala]], [[Yuganda|Uganda]].<ref name="Guardian AMwA">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2010/dec/15/not-just-violent-clients-hurt-sex-workers|title=Not Just Violent Clients Hurt Sex Workers|date=15 December 2010|newspaper=The Guardian|accessdate=25 November 2014|author=Ray, Audacia}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.makeeverywomancount.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4472:our-interview-of-the-month-with-leah-chatta-chipepa&catid=59:our-monthly-interview&Itemid=164|title=Our Interview of the Month with Leah Chatta-Chipepa|publisher=Make Every Woman Count|website=www.makeeverywomancount.org|date=5 November 2012|accessdate=28 July 2014}}</ref> == Obuweereza bw'akyo == AMwA kinyonyorwa nga "ekifo awatendekerwa" era "entabiro" mu kisinde ky'abakyala mu Africa.<ref name="AMwA Sigrid Rausing">{{cite web |url=https://www.sigrid-rausing-trust.org/Grantees/Akina-Mama-Wa-Afrika|title=Akina Mama Wa Afrika|date=January 2004|publisher=Sigrid Rausing Trust|accessdate=25 November 2014}}</ref><ref name="AMwA Sigrid Rausing2">{{cite web |url=https://www.sigrid-rausing-trust.org/Grantees/Akina-Mama-Wa-Afrika|title=Akina Mama Wa Afrika|date=January 2004|publisher=Sigrid Rausing Trust|accessdate=25 November 2014}}</ref> Kissa essira ku kulinyisa obusobozi bw'abakala okwetaba mu bukulembeze ng'abayita mu nteekateeka z'ebyenjigiriza, okunoonyereza, okuteekawo obutuuti b'wokulwanirira eddembe wamu n'ebisinde okwegombesa bannabyabufuzi n'ababaka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/strategy/|title=How We Work – Akina Mama wa Afrika|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-18}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite journal|last1=Porter|first1=Julieanne|last2=Johnson|first2=Sonali|last3=Amin|first3=Avni|last4=Garcia-Moreno|first4=Claudia|last5=Nordstrom|first5=Sara|last6=Teigeler|first6=Jutta|last7=Powell|first7=Jude|last8=Banda|first8=Aggie Kalungu|last9=Muyoyeta|first9=Honorine|date=2006|title=Views, Events, and Debates|journal=Gender and Development|publisher=Taylor & Francis, Ltd.|volume=14|issue=3|pages=453–470|doi=10.1080/13552070600980963|jstor=20461166|s2cid=73238248|issn=1355-2074}}</ref> Mu 2014, AMwA, wamu n'ebitongole by'abakyala ebirala, bakola olukangaana mu Kampala ku mutwe ogwa "okwongera amaanyi eri edoboozi ly'abakyala abafirika mu nteekateeka za 2015".<ref>[http://wgnrr.org/african-civil-society-issue-a-statement-on-post-2015/ "African Civil Society Issues a Statement on Post-2015"], Women’s Global Network for Reproductive Rights (WGNRR), 15 July 2014.</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Meet the five strongest feminist groups in Africa|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/bi/politics-meet-the-five-strongest-feminist-groups-in-africa/81pd13l.amp&ved=2ahUKEwj6nOD5jIL4AhWFzoUKHbcuD74QFnoECBEQAQ&usg=AOvVaw2fYNo8MAdDMYrxmxI24u4t|access-date=2022-05-28|website=}}{{Dead link|date=November 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot}}</ref>Olukangaana luno lw'ali lwakujjukiza ku nsonga [[Abakyala abafirika|abakyala Abafirika]] z'ebasisinkan nga okutulugunyizibwa olw'ekikula ky'abwe.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Uganda: Violence against women unabated despite laws and policies |url=https://www.un.org/africarenewal/news/uganda-violence-against-women-unabated-despite-laws-and-policies |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=}}</ref><ref name="New Vision Uganda">{{cite news|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/657085-ugandan-men-worst-wife-batterers.html|title=Ugandan Men Worst Wife Batterers|date=1 July 2014|work=New Vision|location=Uganda|accessdate=25 November 2014|author1=Okoth, Cecily|author2=Adima, Anna}}</ref> Ebimu ku bitongole ebiyambyeko mu kuwagira Akina Mama wa Afrika mulimu [[African Women's Development Fund]] ne [[Sigrid Rausing Trust]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-04-10 |title=Akina Mama wa Afrika |url=https://awdf.org/akina-mama-wa-afrika/ |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=The African Women's Development Fund (AWDF) |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=January 2004 |title=Akina Mama Wa Afrika |url=https://www.sigrid-rausing-trust.org/grantee/akina-mama-wa-afrika/ |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=The Sigrid Rausing Trust |language=en}}</ref> === Ettendekero lya African Women’s Leadership Institute (AWLI) === AWLI, lyatandikibwawo mu 1996, okusinga ly'assa essira ku nsonga ez'enjawulo omuli [[okutulugunya abantu okusinzira ku kikula]], [[Eddembe eri eby'obujjanjabi eri endwadde z'ekikaba|eby'obulamu by'abakyala mu kuzaala n'edembe lyabwe]], [[okulwanyisa obwavu]] n'okuzimbawo obutebenkevu.<ref name="Peace FM Online">{{cite web |title=Women Empowerment in Africa, AWDF shows the way |url=http://comment.peacefmonline.com/pages/features/201409/215458.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129075744/http://comment.peacefmonline.com/pages/features/201409/215458.php |archive-date=29 November 2014 |accessdate=25 November 2014 |publisher=Peace FM Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-03-03 |title=Africa: African Women's Leadership Institute (AWLI) {{!}} Pambazuka News |url=https://www.pambazuka.org/gender-minorities/africa-african-women%E2%80%99s-leadership-institute-awli |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=www.pambazuka.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-09-23 |title=A Diary from the African Women's Leadership Institute (AWLI) |url=https://awdf.org/a-diary-from-the-african-womens-leadership-institute-awli/ |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=The African Women's Development Fund (AWDF) |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The African Women's Leadership Institute (AWLI) – Akina Mama wa Afrika |url=https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/the-african-womens-leadership-institute-awli/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603045404/https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/the-african-womens-leadership-institute-awli/ |archive-date=3 June 2023 |access-date=2022-05-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> Kyateekebwatekebwa abakyala abakulembeze okuva mu Africa,okuwa obuwagizi obwekikuggu, enkolagana n'abantu ab'enjawulo saako n'emisomo eri abakyala abalwanirizi b'eddembe ly'obuntu abali mu myaka 18–45 okuva ku ssemazinga ez'enjawulo.<ref name=":0">Porter, Julieanne; Johnson, Sonali; Amin, Avni; Garcia-Moreno, Claudia; Nordstrom, Sara; Teigeler, Jutta; Powell, Jude; Banda, Aggie Kalungu; Muyoyeta, Honorine (2006).</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Christine Butegwa]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist|30em}} == Ebijuliziddwa eby'ebweru wa Wikipediya == * [http://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/ Official website] [[Category:Ebitongole by'Abangereza eby'atandikibwawo mu 1985]] 361vmo3ahccj3lmm6btxixecbuthuby 58566 58564 2026-07-03T15:13:39Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 added a category 58566 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Akina Mama wa Afrika (AMwA)''' (kigambo kya [[Luswayili]] ekitegeeza "Abakyala Abafirika") ky'atandikibwawo mu 1985 mu [[:en:United_Kingdom|Bungereza]] ng'ekibiina ky'abakyala Abafirika. Mu kaseera kano kitongole ky'ansi yonna era kirimu [[Amawanga ga Africa ag'enjawulo]] [[kitongole kya bw'annakyewa]] ng'ekitebe ky'akyo ekikulu kiri mu [[Kampala]], [[Yuganda|Uganda]].<ref name="Guardian AMwA">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2010/dec/15/not-just-violent-clients-hurt-sex-workers|title=Not Just Violent Clients Hurt Sex Workers|date=15 December 2010|newspaper=The Guardian|accessdate=25 November 2014|author=Ray, Audacia}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.makeeverywomancount.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4472:our-interview-of-the-month-with-leah-chatta-chipepa&catid=59:our-monthly-interview&Itemid=164|title=Our Interview of the Month with Leah Chatta-Chipepa|publisher=Make Every Woman Count|website=www.makeeverywomancount.org|date=5 November 2012|accessdate=28 July 2014}}</ref> == Obuweereza bw'akyo == AMwA kinyonyorwa nga "ekifo awatendekerwa" era "entabiro" mu kisinde ky'abakyala mu Africa.<ref name="AMwA Sigrid Rausing">{{cite web |url=https://www.sigrid-rausing-trust.org/Grantees/Akina-Mama-Wa-Afrika|title=Akina Mama Wa Afrika|date=January 2004|publisher=Sigrid Rausing Trust|accessdate=25 November 2014}}</ref><ref name="AMwA Sigrid Rausing2">{{cite web |url=https://www.sigrid-rausing-trust.org/Grantees/Akina-Mama-Wa-Afrika|title=Akina Mama Wa Afrika|date=January 2004|publisher=Sigrid Rausing Trust|accessdate=25 November 2014}}</ref> Kissa essira ku kulinyisa obusobozi bw'abakala okwetaba mu bukulembeze ng'abayita mu nteekateeka z'ebyenjigiriza, okunoonyereza, okuteekawo obutuuti b'wokulwanirira eddembe wamu n'ebisinde okwegombesa bannabyabufuzi n'ababaka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/strategy/|title=How We Work – Akina Mama wa Afrika|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-18}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite journal|last1=Porter|first1=Julieanne|last2=Johnson|first2=Sonali|last3=Amin|first3=Avni|last4=Garcia-Moreno|first4=Claudia|last5=Nordstrom|first5=Sara|last6=Teigeler|first6=Jutta|last7=Powell|first7=Jude|last8=Banda|first8=Aggie Kalungu|last9=Muyoyeta|first9=Honorine|date=2006|title=Views, Events, and Debates|journal=Gender and Development|publisher=Taylor & Francis, Ltd.|volume=14|issue=3|pages=453–470|doi=10.1080/13552070600980963|jstor=20461166|s2cid=73238248|issn=1355-2074}}</ref> Mu 2014, AMwA, wamu n'ebitongole by'abakyala ebirala, bakola olukangaana mu Kampala ku mutwe ogwa "okwongera amaanyi eri edoboozi ly'abakyala abafirika mu nteekateeka za 2015".<ref>[http://wgnrr.org/african-civil-society-issue-a-statement-on-post-2015/ "African Civil Society Issues a Statement on Post-2015"], Women’s Global Network for Reproductive Rights (WGNRR), 15 July 2014.</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Meet the five strongest feminist groups in Africa|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/bi/politics-meet-the-five-strongest-feminist-groups-in-africa/81pd13l.amp&ved=2ahUKEwj6nOD5jIL4AhWFzoUKHbcuD74QFnoECBEQAQ&usg=AOvVaw2fYNo8MAdDMYrxmxI24u4t|access-date=2022-05-28|website=}}{{Dead link|date=November 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot}}</ref>Olukangaana luno lw'ali lwakujjukiza ku nsonga [[Abakyala abafirika|abakyala Abafirika]] z'ebasisinkan nga okutulugunyizibwa olw'ekikula ky'abwe.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Uganda: Violence against women unabated despite laws and policies |url=https://www.un.org/africarenewal/news/uganda-violence-against-women-unabated-despite-laws-and-policies |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=}}</ref><ref name="New Vision Uganda">{{cite news|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/657085-ugandan-men-worst-wife-batterers.html|title=Ugandan Men Worst Wife Batterers|date=1 July 2014|work=New Vision|location=Uganda|accessdate=25 November 2014|author1=Okoth, Cecily|author2=Adima, Anna}}</ref> Ebimu ku bitongole ebiyambyeko mu kuwagira Akina Mama wa Afrika mulimu [[African Women's Development Fund]] ne [[Sigrid Rausing Trust]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-04-10 |title=Akina Mama wa Afrika |url=https://awdf.org/akina-mama-wa-afrika/ |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=The African Women's Development Fund (AWDF) |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=January 2004 |title=Akina Mama Wa Afrika |url=https://www.sigrid-rausing-trust.org/grantee/akina-mama-wa-afrika/ |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=The Sigrid Rausing Trust |language=en}}</ref> === Ettendekero lya African Women’s Leadership Institute (AWLI) === AWLI, lyatandikibwawo mu 1996, okusinga ly'assa essira ku nsonga ez'enjawulo omuli [[okutulugunya abantu okusinzira ku kikula]], [[Eddembe eri eby'obujjanjabi eri endwadde z'ekikaba|eby'obulamu by'abakyala mu kuzaala n'edembe lyabwe]], [[okulwanyisa obwavu]] n'okuzimbawo obutebenkevu.<ref name="Peace FM Online">{{cite web |title=Women Empowerment in Africa, AWDF shows the way |url=http://comment.peacefmonline.com/pages/features/201409/215458.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129075744/http://comment.peacefmonline.com/pages/features/201409/215458.php |archive-date=29 November 2014 |accessdate=25 November 2014 |publisher=Peace FM Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-03-03 |title=Africa: African Women's Leadership Institute (AWLI) {{!}} Pambazuka News |url=https://www.pambazuka.org/gender-minorities/africa-african-women%E2%80%99s-leadership-institute-awli |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=www.pambazuka.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-09-23 |title=A Diary from the African Women's Leadership Institute (AWLI) |url=https://awdf.org/a-diary-from-the-african-womens-leadership-institute-awli/ |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=The African Women's Development Fund (AWDF) |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The African Women's Leadership Institute (AWLI) – Akina Mama wa Afrika |url=https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/the-african-womens-leadership-institute-awli/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603045404/https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/the-african-womens-leadership-institute-awli/ |archive-date=3 June 2023 |access-date=2022-05-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> Kyateekebwatekebwa abakyala abakulembeze okuva mu Africa,okuwa obuwagizi obwekikuggu, enkolagana n'abantu ab'enjawulo saako n'emisomo eri abakyala abalwanirizi b'eddembe ly'obuntu abali mu myaka 18–45 okuva ku ssemazinga ez'enjawulo.<ref name=":0">Porter, Julieanne; Johnson, Sonali; Amin, Avni; Garcia-Moreno, Claudia; Nordstrom, Sara; Teigeler, Jutta; Powell, Jude; Banda, Aggie Kalungu; Muyoyeta, Honorine (2006).</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Christine Butegwa]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist|30em}} == Ebijuliziddwa eby'ebweru wa Wikipediya == * [http://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/ Official website] [[Category:Ebitongole by'Abangereza eby'atandikibwawo mu 1985]] [[Category:Ebitongole by'abakyala abalwanirizi b'eddembe lyabwe mu Uganda]] hksuu2p8ci13b98annaamzq9qvty3nb 58569 58566 2026-07-03T15:16:25Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 added a category 58569 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Akina Mama wa Afrika (AMwA)''' (kigambo kya [[Luswayili]] ekitegeeza "Abakyala Abafirika") ky'atandikibwawo mu 1985 mu [[:en:United_Kingdom|Bungereza]] ng'ekibiina ky'abakyala Abafirika. Mu kaseera kano kitongole ky'ansi yonna era kirimu [[Amawanga ga Africa ag'enjawulo]] [[kitongole kya bw'annakyewa]] ng'ekitebe ky'akyo ekikulu kiri mu [[Kampala]], [[Yuganda|Uganda]].<ref name="Guardian AMwA">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2010/dec/15/not-just-violent-clients-hurt-sex-workers|title=Not Just Violent Clients Hurt Sex Workers|date=15 December 2010|newspaper=The Guardian|accessdate=25 November 2014|author=Ray, Audacia}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.makeeverywomancount.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4472:our-interview-of-the-month-with-leah-chatta-chipepa&catid=59:our-monthly-interview&Itemid=164|title=Our Interview of the Month with Leah Chatta-Chipepa|publisher=Make Every Woman Count|website=www.makeeverywomancount.org|date=5 November 2012|accessdate=28 July 2014}}</ref> == Obuweereza bw'akyo == AMwA kinyonyorwa nga "ekifo awatendekerwa" era "entabiro" mu kisinde ky'abakyala mu Africa.<ref name="AMwA Sigrid Rausing">{{cite web |url=https://www.sigrid-rausing-trust.org/Grantees/Akina-Mama-Wa-Afrika|title=Akina Mama Wa Afrika|date=January 2004|publisher=Sigrid Rausing Trust|accessdate=25 November 2014}}</ref><ref name="AMwA Sigrid Rausing2">{{cite web |url=https://www.sigrid-rausing-trust.org/Grantees/Akina-Mama-Wa-Afrika|title=Akina Mama Wa Afrika|date=January 2004|publisher=Sigrid Rausing Trust|accessdate=25 November 2014}}</ref> Kissa essira ku kulinyisa obusobozi bw'abakala okwetaba mu bukulembeze ng'abayita mu nteekateeka z'ebyenjigiriza, okunoonyereza, okuteekawo obutuuti b'wokulwanirira eddembe wamu n'ebisinde okwegombesa bannabyabufuzi n'ababaka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/strategy/|title=How We Work – Akina Mama wa Afrika|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-18}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite journal|last1=Porter|first1=Julieanne|last2=Johnson|first2=Sonali|last3=Amin|first3=Avni|last4=Garcia-Moreno|first4=Claudia|last5=Nordstrom|first5=Sara|last6=Teigeler|first6=Jutta|last7=Powell|first7=Jude|last8=Banda|first8=Aggie Kalungu|last9=Muyoyeta|first9=Honorine|date=2006|title=Views, Events, and Debates|journal=Gender and Development|publisher=Taylor & Francis, Ltd.|volume=14|issue=3|pages=453–470|doi=10.1080/13552070600980963|jstor=20461166|s2cid=73238248|issn=1355-2074}}</ref> Mu 2014, AMwA, wamu n'ebitongole by'abakyala ebirala, bakola olukangaana mu Kampala ku mutwe ogwa "okwongera amaanyi eri edoboozi ly'abakyala abafirika mu nteekateeka za 2015".<ref>[http://wgnrr.org/african-civil-society-issue-a-statement-on-post-2015/ "African Civil Society Issues a Statement on Post-2015"], Women’s Global Network for Reproductive Rights (WGNRR), 15 July 2014.</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Meet the five strongest feminist groups in Africa|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/bi/politics-meet-the-five-strongest-feminist-groups-in-africa/81pd13l.amp&ved=2ahUKEwj6nOD5jIL4AhWFzoUKHbcuD74QFnoECBEQAQ&usg=AOvVaw2fYNo8MAdDMYrxmxI24u4t|access-date=2022-05-28|website=}}{{Dead link|date=November 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot}}</ref>Olukangaana luno lw'ali lwakujjukiza ku nsonga [[Abakyala abafirika|abakyala Abafirika]] z'ebasisinkan nga okutulugunyizibwa olw'ekikula ky'abwe.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Uganda: Violence against women unabated despite laws and policies |url=https://www.un.org/africarenewal/news/uganda-violence-against-women-unabated-despite-laws-and-policies |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=}}</ref><ref name="New Vision Uganda">{{cite news|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/657085-ugandan-men-worst-wife-batterers.html|title=Ugandan Men Worst Wife Batterers|date=1 July 2014|work=New Vision|location=Uganda|accessdate=25 November 2014|author1=Okoth, Cecily|author2=Adima, Anna}}</ref> Ebimu ku bitongole ebiyambyeko mu kuwagira Akina Mama wa Afrika mulimu [[African Women's Development Fund]] ne [[Sigrid Rausing Trust]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-04-10 |title=Akina Mama wa Afrika |url=https://awdf.org/akina-mama-wa-afrika/ |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=The African Women's Development Fund (AWDF) |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=January 2004 |title=Akina Mama Wa Afrika |url=https://www.sigrid-rausing-trust.org/grantee/akina-mama-wa-afrika/ |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=The Sigrid Rausing Trust |language=en}}</ref> === Ettendekero lya African Women’s Leadership Institute (AWLI) === AWLI, lyatandikibwawo mu 1996, okusinga ly'assa essira ku nsonga ez'enjawulo omuli [[okutulugunya abantu okusinzira ku kikula]], [[Eddembe eri eby'obujjanjabi eri endwadde z'ekikaba|eby'obulamu by'abakyala mu kuzaala n'edembe lyabwe]], [[okulwanyisa obwavu]] n'okuzimbawo obutebenkevu.<ref name="Peace FM Online">{{cite web |title=Women Empowerment in Africa, AWDF shows the way |url=http://comment.peacefmonline.com/pages/features/201409/215458.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129075744/http://comment.peacefmonline.com/pages/features/201409/215458.php |archive-date=29 November 2014 |accessdate=25 November 2014 |publisher=Peace FM Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-03-03 |title=Africa: African Women's Leadership Institute (AWLI) {{!}} Pambazuka News |url=https://www.pambazuka.org/gender-minorities/africa-african-women%E2%80%99s-leadership-institute-awli |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=www.pambazuka.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-09-23 |title=A Diary from the African Women's Leadership Institute (AWLI) |url=https://awdf.org/a-diary-from-the-african-womens-leadership-institute-awli/ |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=The African Women's Development Fund (AWDF) |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The African Women's Leadership Institute (AWLI) – Akina Mama wa Afrika |url=https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/the-african-womens-leadership-institute-awli/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603045404/https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/the-african-womens-leadership-institute-awli/ |archive-date=3 June 2023 |access-date=2022-05-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> Kyateekebwatekebwa abakyala abakulembeze okuva mu Africa,okuwa obuwagizi obwekikuggu, enkolagana n'abantu ab'enjawulo saako n'emisomo eri abakyala abalwanirizi b'eddembe ly'obuntu abali mu myaka 18–45 okuva ku ssemazinga ez'enjawulo.<ref name=":0">Porter, Julieanne; Johnson, Sonali; Amin, Avni; Garcia-Moreno, Claudia; Nordstrom, Sara; Teigeler, Jutta; Powell, Jude; Banda, Aggie Kalungu; Muyoyeta, Honorine (2006).</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Christine Butegwa]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist|30em}} == Ebijuliziddwa eby'ebweru wa Wikipediya == * [http://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/ Official website] [[Category:Ebitongole by'Abangereza eby'atandikibwawo mu 1985]] [[Category:Ebitongole by'abakyala abalwanirizi b'eddembe lyabwe mu Uganda]] [[Category:Ebitongole eby'atandikibwawo mu 1985]] ms2irepos3i5c462ml3qdiy0inwv16v 58571 58569 2026-07-03T15:18:37Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 added a category 58571 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Akina Mama wa Afrika (AMwA)''' (kigambo kya [[Luswayili]] ekitegeeza "Abakyala Abafirika") ky'atandikibwawo mu 1985 mu [[:en:United_Kingdom|Bungereza]] ng'ekibiina ky'abakyala Abafirika. Mu kaseera kano kitongole ky'ansi yonna era kirimu [[Amawanga ga Africa ag'enjawulo]] [[kitongole kya bw'annakyewa]] ng'ekitebe ky'akyo ekikulu kiri mu [[Kampala]], [[Yuganda|Uganda]].<ref name="Guardian AMwA">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2010/dec/15/not-just-violent-clients-hurt-sex-workers|title=Not Just Violent Clients Hurt Sex Workers|date=15 December 2010|newspaper=The Guardian|accessdate=25 November 2014|author=Ray, Audacia}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.makeeverywomancount.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4472:our-interview-of-the-month-with-leah-chatta-chipepa&catid=59:our-monthly-interview&Itemid=164|title=Our Interview of the Month with Leah Chatta-Chipepa|publisher=Make Every Woman Count|website=www.makeeverywomancount.org|date=5 November 2012|accessdate=28 July 2014}}</ref> == Obuweereza bw'akyo == AMwA kinyonyorwa nga "ekifo awatendekerwa" era "entabiro" mu kisinde ky'abakyala mu Africa.<ref name="AMwA Sigrid Rausing">{{cite web |url=https://www.sigrid-rausing-trust.org/Grantees/Akina-Mama-Wa-Afrika|title=Akina Mama Wa Afrika|date=January 2004|publisher=Sigrid Rausing Trust|accessdate=25 November 2014}}</ref><ref name="AMwA Sigrid Rausing2">{{cite web |url=https://www.sigrid-rausing-trust.org/Grantees/Akina-Mama-Wa-Afrika|title=Akina Mama Wa Afrika|date=January 2004|publisher=Sigrid Rausing Trust|accessdate=25 November 2014}}</ref> Kissa essira ku kulinyisa obusobozi bw'abakala okwetaba mu bukulembeze ng'abayita mu nteekateeka z'ebyenjigiriza, okunoonyereza, okuteekawo obutuuti b'wokulwanirira eddembe wamu n'ebisinde okwegombesa bannabyabufuzi n'ababaka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/strategy/|title=How We Work – Akina Mama wa Afrika|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-18}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite journal|last1=Porter|first1=Julieanne|last2=Johnson|first2=Sonali|last3=Amin|first3=Avni|last4=Garcia-Moreno|first4=Claudia|last5=Nordstrom|first5=Sara|last6=Teigeler|first6=Jutta|last7=Powell|first7=Jude|last8=Banda|first8=Aggie Kalungu|last9=Muyoyeta|first9=Honorine|date=2006|title=Views, Events, and Debates|journal=Gender and Development|publisher=Taylor & Francis, Ltd.|volume=14|issue=3|pages=453–470|doi=10.1080/13552070600980963|jstor=20461166|s2cid=73238248|issn=1355-2074}}</ref> Mu 2014, AMwA, wamu n'ebitongole by'abakyala ebirala, bakola olukangaana mu Kampala ku mutwe ogwa "okwongera amaanyi eri edoboozi ly'abakyala abafirika mu nteekateeka za 2015".<ref>[http://wgnrr.org/african-civil-society-issue-a-statement-on-post-2015/ "African Civil Society Issues a Statement on Post-2015"], Women’s Global Network for Reproductive Rights (WGNRR), 15 July 2014.</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Meet the five strongest feminist groups in Africa|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/bi/politics-meet-the-five-strongest-feminist-groups-in-africa/81pd13l.amp&ved=2ahUKEwj6nOD5jIL4AhWFzoUKHbcuD74QFnoECBEQAQ&usg=AOvVaw2fYNo8MAdDMYrxmxI24u4t|access-date=2022-05-28|website=}}{{Dead link|date=November 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot}}</ref>Olukangaana luno lw'ali lwakujjukiza ku nsonga [[Abakyala abafirika|abakyala Abafirika]] z'ebasisinkan nga okutulugunyizibwa olw'ekikula ky'abwe.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Uganda: Violence against women unabated despite laws and policies |url=https://www.un.org/africarenewal/news/uganda-violence-against-women-unabated-despite-laws-and-policies |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=}}</ref><ref name="New Vision Uganda">{{cite news|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/657085-ugandan-men-worst-wife-batterers.html|title=Ugandan Men Worst Wife Batterers|date=1 July 2014|work=New Vision|location=Uganda|accessdate=25 November 2014|author1=Okoth, Cecily|author2=Adima, Anna}}</ref> Ebimu ku bitongole ebiyambyeko mu kuwagira Akina Mama wa Afrika mulimu [[African Women's Development Fund]] ne [[Sigrid Rausing Trust]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-04-10 |title=Akina Mama wa Afrika |url=https://awdf.org/akina-mama-wa-afrika/ |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=The African Women's Development Fund (AWDF) |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=January 2004 |title=Akina Mama Wa Afrika |url=https://www.sigrid-rausing-trust.org/grantee/akina-mama-wa-afrika/ |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=The Sigrid Rausing Trust |language=en}}</ref> === Ettendekero lya African Women’s Leadership Institute (AWLI) === AWLI, lyatandikibwawo mu 1996, okusinga ly'assa essira ku nsonga ez'enjawulo omuli [[okutulugunya abantu okusinzira ku kikula]], [[Eddembe eri eby'obujjanjabi eri endwadde z'ekikaba|eby'obulamu by'abakyala mu kuzaala n'edembe lyabwe]], [[okulwanyisa obwavu]] n'okuzimbawo obutebenkevu.<ref name="Peace FM Online">{{cite web |title=Women Empowerment in Africa, AWDF shows the way |url=http://comment.peacefmonline.com/pages/features/201409/215458.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129075744/http://comment.peacefmonline.com/pages/features/201409/215458.php |archive-date=29 November 2014 |accessdate=25 November 2014 |publisher=Peace FM Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-03-03 |title=Africa: African Women's Leadership Institute (AWLI) {{!}} Pambazuka News |url=https://www.pambazuka.org/gender-minorities/africa-african-women%E2%80%99s-leadership-institute-awli |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=www.pambazuka.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-09-23 |title=A Diary from the African Women's Leadership Institute (AWLI) |url=https://awdf.org/a-diary-from-the-african-womens-leadership-institute-awli/ |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=The African Women's Development Fund (AWDF) |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The African Women's Leadership Institute (AWLI) – Akina Mama wa Afrika |url=https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/the-african-womens-leadership-institute-awli/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603045404/https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/the-african-womens-leadership-institute-awli/ |archive-date=3 June 2023 |access-date=2022-05-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> Kyateekebwatekebwa abakyala abakulembeze okuva mu Africa,okuwa obuwagizi obwekikuggu, enkolagana n'abantu ab'enjawulo saako n'emisomo eri abakyala abalwanirizi b'eddembe ly'obuntu abali mu myaka 18–45 okuva ku ssemazinga ez'enjawulo.<ref name=":0">Porter, Julieanne; Johnson, Sonali; Amin, Avni; Garcia-Moreno, Claudia; Nordstrom, Sara; Teigeler, Jutta; Powell, Jude; Banda, Aggie Kalungu; Muyoyeta, Honorine (2006).</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Christine Butegwa]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist|30em}} == Ebijuliziddwa eby'ebweru wa Wikipediya == * [http://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/ Official website] [[Category:Ebitongole by'Abangereza eby'atandikibwawo mu 1985]] [[Category:Ebitongole by'abakyala abalwanirizi b'eddembe lyabwe mu Uganda]] [[Category:Ebitongole eby'atandikibwawo mu 1985]] [[Category:Eddembe ly'abakyala mu Uganda]] hs85xqku0nm2l2p3iuakjwftr73tey6 58574 58571 2026-07-03T15:21:33Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 added a category 58574 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Akina Mama wa Afrika (AMwA)''' (kigambo kya [[Luswayili]] ekitegeeza "Abakyala Abafirika") ky'atandikibwawo mu 1985 mu [[:en:United_Kingdom|Bungereza]] ng'ekibiina ky'abakyala Abafirika. Mu kaseera kano kitongole ky'ansi yonna era kirimu [[Amawanga ga Africa ag'enjawulo]] [[kitongole kya bw'annakyewa]] ng'ekitebe ky'akyo ekikulu kiri mu [[Kampala]], [[Yuganda|Uganda]].<ref name="Guardian AMwA">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2010/dec/15/not-just-violent-clients-hurt-sex-workers|title=Not Just Violent Clients Hurt Sex Workers|date=15 December 2010|newspaper=The Guardian|accessdate=25 November 2014|author=Ray, Audacia}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.makeeverywomancount.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4472:our-interview-of-the-month-with-leah-chatta-chipepa&catid=59:our-monthly-interview&Itemid=164|title=Our Interview of the Month with Leah Chatta-Chipepa|publisher=Make Every Woman Count|website=www.makeeverywomancount.org|date=5 November 2012|accessdate=28 July 2014}}</ref> == Obuweereza bw'akyo == AMwA kinyonyorwa nga "ekifo awatendekerwa" era "entabiro" mu kisinde ky'abakyala mu Africa.<ref name="AMwA Sigrid Rausing">{{cite web |url=https://www.sigrid-rausing-trust.org/Grantees/Akina-Mama-Wa-Afrika|title=Akina Mama Wa Afrika|date=January 2004|publisher=Sigrid Rausing Trust|accessdate=25 November 2014}}</ref><ref name="AMwA Sigrid Rausing2">{{cite web |url=https://www.sigrid-rausing-trust.org/Grantees/Akina-Mama-Wa-Afrika|title=Akina Mama Wa Afrika|date=January 2004|publisher=Sigrid Rausing Trust|accessdate=25 November 2014}}</ref> Kissa essira ku kulinyisa obusobozi bw'abakala okwetaba mu bukulembeze ng'abayita mu nteekateeka z'ebyenjigiriza, okunoonyereza, okuteekawo obutuuti b'wokulwanirira eddembe wamu n'ebisinde okwegombesa bannabyabufuzi n'ababaka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/strategy/|title=How We Work – Akina Mama wa Afrika|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-18}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite journal|last1=Porter|first1=Julieanne|last2=Johnson|first2=Sonali|last3=Amin|first3=Avni|last4=Garcia-Moreno|first4=Claudia|last5=Nordstrom|first5=Sara|last6=Teigeler|first6=Jutta|last7=Powell|first7=Jude|last8=Banda|first8=Aggie Kalungu|last9=Muyoyeta|first9=Honorine|date=2006|title=Views, Events, and Debates|journal=Gender and Development|publisher=Taylor & Francis, Ltd.|volume=14|issue=3|pages=453–470|doi=10.1080/13552070600980963|jstor=20461166|s2cid=73238248|issn=1355-2074}}</ref> Mu 2014, AMwA, wamu n'ebitongole by'abakyala ebirala, bakola olukangaana mu Kampala ku mutwe ogwa "okwongera amaanyi eri edoboozi ly'abakyala abafirika mu nteekateeka za 2015".<ref>[http://wgnrr.org/african-civil-society-issue-a-statement-on-post-2015/ "African Civil Society Issues a Statement on Post-2015"], Women’s Global Network for Reproductive Rights (WGNRR), 15 July 2014.</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Meet the five strongest feminist groups in Africa|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/bi/politics-meet-the-five-strongest-feminist-groups-in-africa/81pd13l.amp&ved=2ahUKEwj6nOD5jIL4AhWFzoUKHbcuD74QFnoECBEQAQ&usg=AOvVaw2fYNo8MAdDMYrxmxI24u4t|access-date=2022-05-28|website=}}{{Dead link|date=November 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot}}</ref>Olukangaana luno lw'ali lwakujjukiza ku nsonga [[Abakyala abafirika|abakyala Abafirika]] z'ebasisinkan nga okutulugunyizibwa olw'ekikula ky'abwe.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Uganda: Violence against women unabated despite laws and policies |url=https://www.un.org/africarenewal/news/uganda-violence-against-women-unabated-despite-laws-and-policies |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=}}</ref><ref name="New Vision Uganda">{{cite news|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/657085-ugandan-men-worst-wife-batterers.html|title=Ugandan Men Worst Wife Batterers|date=1 July 2014|work=New Vision|location=Uganda|accessdate=25 November 2014|author1=Okoth, Cecily|author2=Adima, Anna}}</ref> Ebimu ku bitongole ebiyambyeko mu kuwagira Akina Mama wa Afrika mulimu [[African Women's Development Fund]] ne [[Sigrid Rausing Trust]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-04-10 |title=Akina Mama wa Afrika |url=https://awdf.org/akina-mama-wa-afrika/ |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=The African Women's Development Fund (AWDF) |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=January 2004 |title=Akina Mama Wa Afrika |url=https://www.sigrid-rausing-trust.org/grantee/akina-mama-wa-afrika/ |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=The Sigrid Rausing Trust |language=en}}</ref> === Ettendekero lya African Women’s Leadership Institute (AWLI) === AWLI, lyatandikibwawo mu 1996, okusinga ly'assa essira ku nsonga ez'enjawulo omuli [[okutulugunya abantu okusinzira ku kikula]], [[Eddembe eri eby'obujjanjabi eri endwadde z'ekikaba|eby'obulamu by'abakyala mu kuzaala n'edembe lyabwe]], [[okulwanyisa obwavu]] n'okuzimbawo obutebenkevu.<ref name="Peace FM Online">{{cite web |title=Women Empowerment in Africa, AWDF shows the way |url=http://comment.peacefmonline.com/pages/features/201409/215458.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129075744/http://comment.peacefmonline.com/pages/features/201409/215458.php |archive-date=29 November 2014 |accessdate=25 November 2014 |publisher=Peace FM Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-03-03 |title=Africa: African Women's Leadership Institute (AWLI) {{!}} Pambazuka News |url=https://www.pambazuka.org/gender-minorities/africa-african-women%E2%80%99s-leadership-institute-awli |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=www.pambazuka.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-09-23 |title=A Diary from the African Women's Leadership Institute (AWLI) |url=https://awdf.org/a-diary-from-the-african-womens-leadership-institute-awli/ |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=The African Women's Development Fund (AWDF) |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The African Women's Leadership Institute (AWLI) – Akina Mama wa Afrika |url=https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/the-african-womens-leadership-institute-awli/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603045404/https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/the-african-womens-leadership-institute-awli/ |archive-date=3 June 2023 |access-date=2022-05-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> Kyateekebwatekebwa abakyala abakulembeze okuva mu Africa,okuwa obuwagizi obwekikuggu, enkolagana n'abantu ab'enjawulo saako n'emisomo eri abakyala abalwanirizi b'eddembe ly'obuntu abali mu myaka 18–45 okuva ku ssemazinga ez'enjawulo.<ref name=":0">Porter, Julieanne; Johnson, Sonali; Amin, Avni; Garcia-Moreno, Claudia; Nordstrom, Sara; Teigeler, Jutta; Powell, Jude; Banda, Aggie Kalungu; Muyoyeta, Honorine (2006).</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Christine Butegwa]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist|30em}} == Ebijuliziddwa eby'ebweru wa Wikipediya == * [http://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/ Official website] [[Category:Ebitongole by'Abangereza eby'atandikibwawo mu 1985]] [[Category:Ebitongole by'abakyala abalwanirizi b'eddembe lyabwe mu Uganda]] [[Category:Ebitongole eby'atandikibwawo mu 1985]] [[Category:Eddembe ly'abakyala mu Uganda]] [[Category:Ebitongole by'abakyala mu Uganda]] 8qudc7qcv96g4ffqevfw6fjnyb15qaz Albert Edward Baharagate Akiiki 0 10968 58649 48530 2026-07-03T20:41:48Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 corrected grammar and punctuations and spellings 58649 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Albert Edward Baharagate Akiiki''' (25 Ogwokubiri 1930 – 5 Ogwokkuna 2023) yali musumba w'Abakatoliki mu Uganda era nga yaweereza ng'Omusumba wa Eklezia y'abakatoliki w'essaza ly'e Hoima. Yalondebwa okuba omusumba w’e Hoima nga 7 Ogwomusanvu 1969 era n’alekulira nga 9 Ogwokussatu 1991. == Obuvo bwe n’obusaseredooti == Baharagate yazaalibwa nga 25 Ogwokubiri 1930, ku ''kyalo Nyamigisa'', mu [[Masindi (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Masindi]], mu kitundu ky’e Bunyoro nga bwe kimanyiddwa kati, mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bwa Uganda. Yatuuzibwa ku busaseredooti nga 7 Ogwekkumineebiri 1958. <ref name="1R">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic-Hierarchy.org</ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://hoimadiocese.org/the-diocese/our-bishops/bishop-albert-edward-baharagate/ |access-date=2024-09-12 |archive-date=2024-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240301004719/https://www.hoimadiocese.org/the-diocese/our-bishops/bishop-albert-edward-baharagate/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Nga omusumba == Yalondebwa okuba Omusumab w’e Hoima nga 7 Ogwomusanvu 1969 era n’atukuzibwa ng’omusumba e Hoima nga 1 Ogwomunana 1969 Paapa Paul VI † ng’ayambibwako Ssaabasumba Sergio Pignedoli †, Titular Archbishop of Iconium ne Ssaabasumba[[Emmanuel Nsubuga|Emmanuel Kiwanuka Nsubuga]] †, Ssaabasumba [[Essaza Ekkulu erya Kampala (Eklezia Katolika)|w’essaza ly’e Kampala]] . Nga 9 1991, Ogwokussatu Baharagate yalekulira nga omusumba wa Hoima. Mu bulamu bwe obw’oluvannyuma, yawangaala nga omusumba Emeritus owa Hoima. <ref name="1R" /> <ref name="2R" /> == Okufa == Baharagate Akiiki yafiira mu ddwaliro e Nsambya mu [[Kampala]], nga 5 Ogwokkuna 2023, ku myaka 93. <ref name="1R" /> == Ebijuliziddwa == 0bku9x4uk2aszbohxm8lwuj4lrigbt7 58650 58649 2026-07-03T20:43:29Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 corrected grammar and punctuations 58650 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Albert Edward Baharagate Akiiki''' (25 Ogwokubiri 1930 – 5 Ogwokkuna 2023) yali musumba w'Abakatoliki mu Uganda era nga yaweereza ng'Omusumba wa Eklezia y'abakatoliki w'essaza ly'e Hoima. Yalondebwa okuba omusumba w’e Hoima nga 7 Ogwomusanvu 1969 era n’alekulira nga 9 Ogwokussatu 1991. == Obuvo bwe n’obusaseredooti == Baharagate yazaalibwa nga 25 Ogwokubiri 1930, ku ''kyalo Nyamigisa'', mu [[Masindi (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Masindi]], mu kitundu ky’e Bunyoro nga bwe kimanyiddwa kati, mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bwa Uganda. Yatuuzibwa ku busaseredooti nga 7 Ogwekkumineebiri 1958. <ref name="1R">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic-Hierarchy.org</ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://hoimadiocese.org/the-diocese/our-bishops/bishop-albert-edward-baharagate/ |access-date=2024-09-12 |archive-date=2024-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240301004719/https://www.hoimadiocese.org/the-diocese/our-bishops/bishop-albert-edward-baharagate/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Nga omusumba == Yalondebwa okuba Omusumab w’e Hoima nga 7 Ogwomusanvu 1969 era n’atukuzibwa ng’omusumba e Hoima nga 1 Ogwomunana 1969 Paapa Paul VI † ng’ayambibwako Ssaabasumba Sergio Pignedoli †, Titular Archbishop of Iconium ne Ssaabasumba[[Emmanuel Nsubuga|Emmanuel Kiwanuka Nsubuga]] †, Ssaabasumba [[Essaza Ekkulu erya Kampala (Eklezia Katolika)|w’essaza ly’e Kampala]] . Nga 9 1991, Ogwokussatu Baharagate yalekulira nga omusumba wa Hoima. Mu bulamu bwe obw’oluvannyuma, yawangaala nga omusumba Emeritus owa Hoima. <ref name="1R" /> <ref name="2R" /> == Okufa kwe == Baharagate Akiiki yafiira mu ddwaliro e Nsambya mu [[Kampala]], nga 5 Ogwokuna 2023, ku myaka 93. <ref name="1R" /> == Ebijuliziddwa == 2vdmyz3x74hy19q7477ynxleu2qzmr8 58652 58650 2026-07-03T20:45:19Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 corrected grammar 58652 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Albert Edward Baharagate Akiiki''' (25 Ogwokubiri 1930 – 5 Ogwokkuna 2023) yali musumba w'Abakatoliki mu Uganda era nga yaweereza ng'Omusumba wa Eklezia y'abakatoliki w'essaza ly'e Hoima. Yalondebwa okuba omusumba w’e Hoima nga 7 Ogwomusanvu 1969 era n’alekulira nga 9 Ogwokussatu 1991. == Obuvo bwe n’obusaseredooti == Baharagate yazaalibwa nga 25 Ogwokubiri 1930, ku ''kyalo Nyamigisa'', mu [[Masindi (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Masindi]], mu kitundu ky’e Bunyoro nga bwe kimanyiddwa kati, mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bwa Uganda. Yatuuzibwa ku busaseredooti nga 7 Ogwekkumineebiri 1958. <ref name="1R">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic-Hierarchy.org</ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://hoimadiocese.org/the-diocese/our-bishops/bishop-albert-edward-baharagate/ |access-date=2024-09-12 |archive-date=2024-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240301004719/https://www.hoimadiocese.org/the-diocese/our-bishops/bishop-albert-edward-baharagate/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Nga omusumba == Yalondebwa okuba Omusumab w’e Hoima nga 7 Ogwomusanvu 1969 era n’atukuzibwa ng’omusumba e Hoima nga 1 Ogwomunana 1969 Paapa Paul VI † ng’ayambibwako Ssaabasumba Sergio Pignedoli †, Titular Archbishop of Iconium ne Ssaabasumba[[Emmanuel Nsubuga|Emmanuel Kiwanuka Nsubuga]] †, Ssaabasumba [[Essaza Ekkulu erya Kampala (Eklezia Katolika)|w’essaza ly’e Kampala]] . Nga 9 1991, Ogwokussatu Baharagate yalekulira nga omusumba wa Hoima. Mu bulamu bwe obw’oluvannyuma, yawangaala nga omusumba eyawummula ow'e Hoima.<ref name="1R" /><ref name="2R" /> == Okufa kwe == Baharagate Akiiki yafiira mu ddwaliro e Nsambya mu [[Kampala]], nga 5 Ogwokuna 2023, ku myaka 93.<ref name="1R" /> == Ebijuliziddwa == oso5hu5dv260l1obrekphkpicncevip 58653 58652 2026-07-03T20:46:49Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 added a category 58653 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Albert Edward Baharagate Akiiki''' (25 Ogwokubiri 1930 – 5 Ogwokkuna 2023) yali musumba w'Abakatoliki mu Uganda era nga yaweereza ng'Omusumba wa Eklezia y'abakatoliki w'essaza ly'e Hoima. Yalondebwa okuba omusumba w’e Hoima nga 7 Ogwomusanvu 1969 era n’alekulira nga 9 Ogwokussatu 1991. == Obuvo bwe n’obusaseredooti == Baharagate yazaalibwa nga 25 Ogwokubiri 1930, ku ''kyalo Nyamigisa'', mu [[Masindi (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Masindi]], mu kitundu ky’e Bunyoro nga bwe kimanyiddwa kati, mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bwa Uganda. Yatuuzibwa ku busaseredooti nga 7 Ogwekkumineebiri 1958. <ref name="1R">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic-Hierarchy.org</ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://hoimadiocese.org/the-diocese/our-bishops/bishop-albert-edward-baharagate/ |access-date=2024-09-12 |archive-date=2024-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240301004719/https://www.hoimadiocese.org/the-diocese/our-bishops/bishop-albert-edward-baharagate/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Nga omusumba == Yalondebwa okuba Omusumab w’e Hoima nga 7 Ogwomusanvu 1969 era n’atukuzibwa ng’omusumba e Hoima nga 1 Ogwomunana 1969 Paapa Paul VI † ng’ayambibwako Ssaabasumba Sergio Pignedoli †, Titular Archbishop of Iconium ne Ssaabasumba[[Emmanuel Nsubuga|Emmanuel Kiwanuka Nsubuga]] †, Ssaabasumba [[Essaza Ekkulu erya Kampala (Eklezia Katolika)|w’essaza ly’e Kampala]] . Nga 9 1991, Ogwokussatu Baharagate yalekulira nga omusumba wa Hoima. Mu bulamu bwe obw’oluvannyuma, yawangaala nga omusumba eyawummula ow'e Hoima.<ref name="1R" /><ref name="2R" /> == Okufa kwe == Baharagate Akiiki yafiira mu ddwaliro e Nsambya mu [[Kampala]], nga 5 Ogwokuna 2023, ku myaka 93.<ref name="1R" /> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> [[Category:Abazaalibwa mu 1930]] 2kk3fl109gv9klsr6ug32t2wzsc3oir 58655 58653 2026-07-03T20:48:40Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 added a category 58655 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Albert Edward Baharagate Akiiki''' (25 Ogwokubiri 1930 – 5 Ogwokkuna 2023) yali musumba w'Abakatoliki mu Uganda era nga yaweereza ng'Omusumba wa Eklezia y'abakatoliki w'essaza ly'e Hoima. Yalondebwa okuba omusumba w’e Hoima nga 7 Ogwomusanvu 1969 era n’alekulira nga 9 Ogwokussatu 1991. == Obuvo bwe n’obusaseredooti == Baharagate yazaalibwa nga 25 Ogwokubiri 1930, ku ''kyalo Nyamigisa'', mu [[Masindi (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Masindi]], mu kitundu ky’e Bunyoro nga bwe kimanyiddwa kati, mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bwa Uganda. Yatuuzibwa ku busaseredooti nga 7 Ogwekkumineebiri 1958. <ref name="1R">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic-Hierarchy.org</ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://hoimadiocese.org/the-diocese/our-bishops/bishop-albert-edward-baharagate/ |access-date=2024-09-12 |archive-date=2024-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240301004719/https://www.hoimadiocese.org/the-diocese/our-bishops/bishop-albert-edward-baharagate/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Nga omusumba == Yalondebwa okuba Omusumab w’e Hoima nga 7 Ogwomusanvu 1969 era n’atukuzibwa ng’omusumba e Hoima nga 1 Ogwomunana 1969 Paapa Paul VI † ng’ayambibwako Ssaabasumba Sergio Pignedoli †, Titular Archbishop of Iconium ne Ssaabasumba[[Emmanuel Nsubuga|Emmanuel Kiwanuka Nsubuga]] †, Ssaabasumba [[Essaza Ekkulu erya Kampala (Eklezia Katolika)|w’essaza ly’e Kampala]] . Nga 9 1991, Ogwokussatu Baharagate yalekulira nga omusumba wa Hoima. Mu bulamu bwe obw’oluvannyuma, yawangaala nga omusumba eyawummula ow'e Hoima.<ref name="1R" /><ref name="2R" /> == Okufa kwe == Baharagate Akiiki yafiira mu ddwaliro e Nsambya mu [[Kampala]], nga 5 Ogwokuna 2023, ku myaka 93.<ref name="1R" /> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> [[Category:Abazaalibwa mu 1930]] [[Category:Abaafa mu 2023]] g0cjqfal8vm080u7q08yf8v055t5xjk 58657 58655 2026-07-03T20:50:57Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 added a category 58657 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Albert Edward Baharagate Akiiki''' (25 Ogwokubiri 1930 – 5 Ogwokkuna 2023) yali musumba w'Abakatoliki mu Uganda era nga yaweereza ng'Omusumba wa Eklezia y'abakatoliki w'essaza ly'e Hoima. Yalondebwa okuba omusumba w’e Hoima nga 7 Ogwomusanvu 1969 era n’alekulira nga 9 Ogwokussatu 1991. == Obuvo bwe n’obusaseredooti == Baharagate yazaalibwa nga 25 Ogwokubiri 1930, ku ''kyalo Nyamigisa'', mu [[Masindi (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Masindi]], mu kitundu ky’e Bunyoro nga bwe kimanyiddwa kati, mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bwa Uganda. Yatuuzibwa ku busaseredooti nga 7 Ogwekkumineebiri 1958. <ref name="1R">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic-Hierarchy.org</ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://hoimadiocese.org/the-diocese/our-bishops/bishop-albert-edward-baharagate/ |access-date=2024-09-12 |archive-date=2024-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240301004719/https://www.hoimadiocese.org/the-diocese/our-bishops/bishop-albert-edward-baharagate/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Nga omusumba == Yalondebwa okuba Omusumab w’e Hoima nga 7 Ogwomusanvu 1969 era n’atukuzibwa ng’omusumba e Hoima nga 1 Ogwomunana 1969 Paapa Paul VI † ng’ayambibwako Ssaabasumba Sergio Pignedoli †, Titular Archbishop of Iconium ne Ssaabasumba[[Emmanuel Nsubuga|Emmanuel Kiwanuka Nsubuga]] †, Ssaabasumba [[Essaza Ekkulu erya Kampala (Eklezia Katolika)|w’essaza ly’e Kampala]] . Nga 9 1991, Ogwokussatu Baharagate yalekulira nga omusumba wa Hoima. Mu bulamu bwe obw’oluvannyuma, yawangaala nga omusumba eyawummula ow'e Hoima.<ref name="1R" /><ref name="2R" /> == Okufa kwe == Baharagate Akiiki yafiira mu ddwaliro e Nsambya mu [[Kampala]], nga 5 Ogwokuna 2023, ku myaka 93.<ref name="1R" /> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> [[Category:Abazaalibwa mu 1930]] [[Category:Abaafa mu 2023]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Disitulikiti y'e Masindi]] jxj19c8sqzst8u339pbyu3s1535e3l7 58664 58657 2026-07-03T21:14:56Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 added a category 58664 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Albert Edward Baharagate Akiiki''' (25 Ogwokubiri 1930 – 5 Ogwokkuna 2023) yali musumba w'Abakatoliki mu Uganda era nga yaweereza ng'Omusumba wa Eklezia y'abakatoliki w'essaza ly'e Hoima. Yalondebwa okuba omusumba w’e Hoima nga 7 Ogwomusanvu 1969 era n’alekulira nga 9 Ogwokussatu 1991. == Obuvo bwe n’obusaseredooti == Baharagate yazaalibwa nga 25 Ogwokubiri 1930, ku ''kyalo Nyamigisa'', mu [[Masindi (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Masindi]], mu kitundu ky’e Bunyoro nga bwe kimanyiddwa kati, mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bwa Uganda. Yatuuzibwa ku busaseredooti nga 7 Ogwekkumineebiri 1958. <ref name="1R">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic-Hierarchy.org</ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://hoimadiocese.org/the-diocese/our-bishops/bishop-albert-edward-baharagate/ |access-date=2024-09-12 |archive-date=2024-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240301004719/https://www.hoimadiocese.org/the-diocese/our-bishops/bishop-albert-edward-baharagate/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Nga omusumba == Yalondebwa okuba Omusumab w’e Hoima nga 7 Ogwomusanvu 1969 era n’atukuzibwa ng’omusumba e Hoima nga 1 Ogwomunana 1969 Paapa Paul VI † ng’ayambibwako Ssaabasumba Sergio Pignedoli †, Titular Archbishop of Iconium ne Ssaabasumba[[Emmanuel Nsubuga|Emmanuel Kiwanuka Nsubuga]] †, Ssaabasumba [[Essaza Ekkulu erya Kampala (Eklezia Katolika)|w’essaza ly’e Kampala]] . Nga 9 1991, Ogwokussatu Baharagate yalekulira nga omusumba wa Hoima. Mu bulamu bwe obw’oluvannyuma, yawangaala nga omusumba eyawummula ow'e Hoima.<ref name="1R" /><ref name="2R" /> == Okufa kwe == Baharagate Akiiki yafiira mu ddwaliro e Nsambya mu [[Kampala]], nga 5 Ogwokuna 2023, ku myaka 93.<ref name="1R" /> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> [[Category:Abazaalibwa mu 1930]] [[Category:Abaafa mu 2023]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Disitulikiti y'e Masindi]] [[Category:Abasumba b'eKereziya Katolika ab'ekyasa ky'abiri mu Uganda]] qogqk1bm7789q88k8m6knx51nsypuoi 58666 58664 2026-07-03T21:18:44Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 added a category 58666 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Albert Edward Baharagate Akiiki''' (25 Ogwokubiri 1930 – 5 Ogwokkuna 2023) yali musumba w'Abakatoliki mu Uganda era nga yaweereza ng'Omusumba wa Eklezia y'abakatoliki w'essaza ly'e Hoima. Yalondebwa okuba omusumba w’e Hoima nga 7 Ogwomusanvu 1969 era n’alekulira nga 9 Ogwokussatu 1991. == Obuvo bwe n’obusaseredooti == Baharagate yazaalibwa nga 25 Ogwokubiri 1930, ku ''kyalo Nyamigisa'', mu [[Masindi (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Masindi]], mu kitundu ky’e Bunyoro nga bwe kimanyiddwa kati, mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bwa Uganda. Yatuuzibwa ku busaseredooti nga 7 Ogwekkumineebiri 1958. <ref name="1R">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic-Hierarchy.org</ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://hoimadiocese.org/the-diocese/our-bishops/bishop-albert-edward-baharagate/ |access-date=2024-09-12 |archive-date=2024-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240301004719/https://www.hoimadiocese.org/the-diocese/our-bishops/bishop-albert-edward-baharagate/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Nga omusumba == Yalondebwa okuba Omusumab w’e Hoima nga 7 Ogwomusanvu 1969 era n’atukuzibwa ng’omusumba e Hoima nga 1 Ogwomunana 1969 Paapa Paul VI † ng’ayambibwako Ssaabasumba Sergio Pignedoli †, Titular Archbishop of Iconium ne Ssaabasumba[[Emmanuel Nsubuga|Emmanuel Kiwanuka Nsubuga]] †, Ssaabasumba [[Essaza Ekkulu erya Kampala (Eklezia Katolika)|w’essaza ly’e Kampala]] . Nga 9 1991, Ogwokussatu Baharagate yalekulira nga omusumba wa Hoima. Mu bulamu bwe obw’oluvannyuma, yawangaala nga omusumba eyawummula ow'e Hoima.<ref name="1R" /><ref name="2R" /> == Okufa kwe == Baharagate Akiiki yafiira mu ddwaliro e Nsambya mu [[Kampala]], nga 5 Ogwokuna 2023, ku myaka 93.<ref name="1R" /> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> [[Category:Abazaalibwa mu 1930]] [[Category:Abaafa mu 2023]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Disitulikiti y'e Masindi]] [[Category:Abasumba b'eKereziya Katolika ab'ekyasa ky'abiri mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abasumba abaalondebwa Paapa John Paul VI]] otyip3smche6gu6ui0acsbggundaw3c 58667 58666 2026-07-03T21:19:46Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 added a category 58667 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Albert Edward Baharagate Akiiki''' (25 Ogwokubiri 1930 – 5 Ogwokkuna 2023) yali musumba w'Abakatoliki mu Uganda era nga yaweereza ng'Omusumba wa Eklezia y'abakatoliki w'essaza ly'e Hoima. Yalondebwa okuba omusumba w’e Hoima nga 7 Ogwomusanvu 1969 era n’alekulira nga 9 Ogwokussatu 1991. == Obuvo bwe n’obusaseredooti == Baharagate yazaalibwa nga 25 Ogwokubiri 1930, ku ''kyalo Nyamigisa'', mu [[Masindi (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Masindi]], mu kitundu ky’e Bunyoro nga bwe kimanyiddwa kati, mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bwa Uganda. Yatuuzibwa ku busaseredooti nga 7 Ogwekkumineebiri 1958. <ref name="1R">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic-Hierarchy.org</ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://hoimadiocese.org/the-diocese/our-bishops/bishop-albert-edward-baharagate/ |access-date=2024-09-12 |archive-date=2024-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240301004719/https://www.hoimadiocese.org/the-diocese/our-bishops/bishop-albert-edward-baharagate/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Nga omusumba == Yalondebwa okuba Omusumab w’e Hoima nga 7 Ogwomusanvu 1969 era n’atukuzibwa ng’omusumba e Hoima nga 1 Ogwomunana 1969 Paapa Paul VI † ng’ayambibwako Ssaabasumba Sergio Pignedoli †, Titular Archbishop of Iconium ne Ssaabasumba[[Emmanuel Nsubuga|Emmanuel Kiwanuka Nsubuga]] †, Ssaabasumba [[Essaza Ekkulu erya Kampala (Eklezia Katolika)|w’essaza ly’e Kampala]] . Nga 9 1991, Ogwokussatu Baharagate yalekulira nga omusumba wa Hoima. Mu bulamu bwe obw’oluvannyuma, yawangaala nga omusumba eyawummula ow'e Hoima.<ref name="1R" /><ref name="2R" /> == Okufa kwe == Baharagate Akiiki yafiira mu ddwaliro e Nsambya mu [[Kampala]], nga 5 Ogwokuna 2023, ku myaka 93.<ref name="1R" /> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> [[Category:Abazaalibwa mu 1930]] [[Category:Abaafa mu 2023]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Disitulikiti y'e Masindi]] [[Category:Abasumba b'eKereziya Katolika ab'ekyasa ky'abiri mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abasumba abaalondebwa Paapa John Paul VI]] [[Category:Abasumba ba Ekereziya Katolika ab'e Hoima]] pps6oagovqdcmuf7yn9a9wrhfevle8v 58668 58667 2026-07-03T21:21:32Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 added citations, corrected the grammar 58668 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Albert Edward Baharagate Akiiki''' (25 Ogwokubiri 1930 – 5 Ogwokkuna 2023) yali musumba w'Abakatoliki mu Uganda era nga yaweereza ng'Omusumba wa Eklezia y'abakatoliki w'essaza ly'e Hoima. Yalondebwa okuba omusumba w’e Hoima nga 7 Ogwomusanvu 1969 era n’alekulira nga 9 Ogwokussatu 1991. == Obuvo bwe n’obusaseredooti == Baharagate yazaalibwa nga 25 Ogwokubiri 1930, ku ''kyalo Nyamigisa'', mu [[Masindi (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Masindi]], mu kitundu ky’e Bunyoro nga bwe kimanyiddwa kati, mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bwa Uganda. Yatuuzibwa ku busaseredooti nga 7 Ogwekkumineebiri 1958. <ref name="1R">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic-Hierarchy.org</ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://hoimadiocese.org/the-diocese/our-bishops/bishop-albert-edward-baharagate/ |access-date=2024-09-12 |archive-date=2024-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240301004719/https://www.hoimadiocese.org/the-diocese/our-bishops/bishop-albert-edward-baharagate/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Nga omusumba == Yalondebwa okuba Omusumab w’e Hoima nga 7 Ogwomusanvu 1969 era n’atukuzibwa ng’omusumba e Hoima nga 1 Ogwomunana 1969 Paapa Paul VI † ng’ayambibwako Ssaabasumba Sergio Pignedoli †, Titular Archbishop of Iconium ne Ssaabasumba[[Emmanuel Nsubuga|Emmanuel Kiwanuka Nsubuga]] †, Ssaabasumba [[Essaza Ekkulu erya Kampala (Eklezia Katolika)|w’essaza ly’e Kampala]] . Nga 9 1991, Ogwokusatu Baharagate yalekulira nga omusumba wa Hoima. Mu bulamu bwe obw’oluvannyuma, yawangaala nga omusumba eyawummula ow'e Hoima.<ref name="1R" /><ref name="2R" /> == Okufa kwe == Baharagate Akiiki yafiira mu ddwaliro e Nsambya mu [[Kampala]], nga 5 Ogwokuna 2023, ku myaka 93.<ref name="1R" /> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> [[Category:Abazaalibwa mu 1930]] [[Category:Abaafa mu 2023]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Disitulikiti y'e Masindi]] [[Category:Abasumba b'eKereziya Katolika ab'ekyasa ky'abiri mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abasumba abaalondebwa Paapa John Paul VI]] [[Category:Abasumba ba Ekereziya Katolika ab'e Hoima]] rwfhrybxo4874z881otvv0nzqng2z9y Abdul Nadduli 0 11507 58719 57003 2026-07-04T06:34:52Z Solomon Suubi 6901 /* Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe */ nnyongedde omutindo ku kiwandiiko 58719 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Al hajji Abdul Nadduli''' (yazaalibwa nga 22 Ogwekkumineebiri 1942) munnabyabufuzi [[:en:Uganda|Omunnayuganda]] era munnamagye eyawummula azaalibwa mu Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke.<ref name="urn-profile-2022">{{cite news|title=The Making of Retired Major Abdul Nadduli|url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/the-making-of-retired-major-abdul-nadduli-|work=Uganda Radio Network|date=23 December 2022|access-date=15 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Independent |first=The |date=2021-08-08 |title=Retirement of Gen Kigongo, Maj Nadduli from army raises debate |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/retirement-of-gen-kigongo-maj-nadduli-from-army-raises-debate/ |access-date=2026-06-26 |website=The Independent Uganda: |language=en-US}}</ref> Yaliko [[Minisita wa guno na guli]] mu Kabineeti ya [[Yuganda|Uganda]]. Yalondebwa ku kifo ekyo nga 6 Ogwomukaaga 2016, ekifo kye yaweerezaamu okutuusa nga 14 Ogwekkuminebiri 2019.<ref name="independent-2016">{{cite news|title=Betty Kamya, Nadduli and Tumukunde in new cabinet|url=https://www.independent.co.ug/betty-kamya-nadduli-in-new-cabinet/|work=The Independent (Uganda)|date=6 June 2016|access-date=15 December 2025}}</ref><ref name="newvision-appointed-2016">{{cite news|title=I've been appointed for my hard work - Nadduli|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1426291/-appointed-hard-nadduli|work=New Vision|date=6 June 2016|access-date=15 December 2025}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’okusuulibwa ku kabineti mu December wa 2019, yalondebwa okubeera Omuwabuzi wa Pulezidenti Omukulu.<ref name="urn-reshuffle-2019">{{cite news|title=President Museveni Reshuffles Cabinet|url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/a/story/president-museveni-reshuffles-cabinet-|work=Uganda Radio Network|date=14 December 2019|access-date=15 December 2025}}</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Nadduli yazaalibwa nga 22 Ogwekkumineebiri 1942 ku kyalo Kaddunda mu ggombolola lye [[Kapeeka]], mu Disitulikiti y’e [[Nakaseke]]. Bazadde be ye Nabukenya ne Ali Nadduli. Yasomera ku [[Luweero (disitulikit)|Luwero]] Boys Primary School ne Lukalu Quran School, oluvannyuma ne yegatta ku Gulu Central Technical School ne Ndejje Teachers College.<ref name="urn-profile-2022" /> Uganda Radio Network yategeeza nti yatikkirwa mu [[yunivasite y’e Bugema]] n’afuna diguli ya Bachelor of Arts mu by’obulamu n’okuddukanya embeera z’abantu.<ref name="urn-disqualification-2006">{{cite news|title=Nadduli petitions High Court over his disqualification|url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/nadduli-petitions-high-court-over-his-disqualification|work=Uganda Radio Network|date=18 January 2006|access-date=15 December 2025}}</ref> == Emirimu == == Emirimu gy'ebyobufuzi == === Ssentebe wa Disitulikiti y'e Luwero === Nadduli yaweereza ebisanja ebiwerako nga ssentebe wa Disitulikiti y’e Luwero (LC V). Lipoota ya ACODE score-card ey’omwaka gw’ebyensimbi 2011/2012 eraga nti yali aweereza ekisanja kye eky’okusatu era nti emabegako yaweerezaako nga ssentebe wa disitulikiti mu biseera 1996 okutuuka mu 2001 ne 2001 okutuuka mu 2006; lipoota y’emu eraga nti yaddamu okulondebwa mu March wa 2011 oluvannyuma lw’okufiirwa ekifo kino emabegako mu 2006.<ref name="acode-2013">{{cite report|last=Namara-Wamanga|first=Susan|author2=Christopher Musisi|author3=John Segujja|title=Local Government Councils’ Performance and Public Service Delivery in Uganda: Luwero District Council Score-Card Report 2011/12|series=ACODE Public Service Delivery and Accountability Report Series No.1, 2013|publisher=ACODE|date=2013|isbn=978-9970-07-020-6|url=https://www.acode-u.org/uploadedFiles/PSDA1.pdf|access-date=15 December 2025}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa ssentebe wa disitulikiti mu 2011, [[New Vision (olupapula lw'amawulire)|New Vision]] yategeeza nti yawangula n’obululu 40,780 ng’avuganya ne Ronald Ndawula eyali mu ntebe ekiseera ekyo, eyafuna obululu 32,354, mu kuvuganya kw’abeesimbawo basatu.<ref name="newvision-2011">{{cite news|title=Nadduli bounces back in Luwero|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1015771/nadduli-bounces-luwero|work=New Vision|date=25 February 2011|access-date=15 December 2025}}</ref> Mu 2015, Ronald Ndawula yawangula ekifo kya ssentebe wa NRM mu Disitulikiti y’e Luwero mu kulonda kw’ekibiina, n’adda mu bigere bya Nadduli.<ref name="urn-nrm-chair-2015">{{cite news|title=Nadduli's rival wins Luweero NRM chairperson seat|url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/naddulis-rival-wins-luweero-nrm-chairperson-seat?districtId=729|work=Uganda Radio Network|date=18 September 2015|access-date=15 December 2025}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Kabineeti ya Uganda]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] muytnft0bx8i0ik86z319xzcwj6849u 58725 58719 2026-07-04T08:43:05Z Solomon Suubi 6901 /* Emirimu */ nnyongedde omutindo ku kiwandiiko 58725 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Al hajji Abdul Nadduli''' (yazaalibwa nga 22 Ogwekkumineebiri 1942) munnabyabufuzi [[:en:Uganda|Omunnayuganda]] era munnamagye eyawummula azaalibwa mu Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke.<ref name="urn-profile-2022">{{cite news|title=The Making of Retired Major Abdul Nadduli|url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/the-making-of-retired-major-abdul-nadduli-|work=Uganda Radio Network|date=23 December 2022|access-date=15 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Independent |first=The |date=2021-08-08 |title=Retirement of Gen Kigongo, Maj Nadduli from army raises debate |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/retirement-of-gen-kigongo-maj-nadduli-from-army-raises-debate/ |access-date=2026-06-26 |website=The Independent Uganda: |language=en-US}}</ref> Yaliko [[Minisita wa guno na guli]] mu Kabineeti ya [[Yuganda|Uganda]]. Yalondebwa ku kifo ekyo nga 6 Ogwomukaaga 2016, ekifo kye yaweerezaamu okutuusa nga 14 Ogwekkuminebiri 2019.<ref name="independent-2016">{{cite news|title=Betty Kamya, Nadduli and Tumukunde in new cabinet|url=https://www.independent.co.ug/betty-kamya-nadduli-in-new-cabinet/|work=The Independent (Uganda)|date=6 June 2016|access-date=15 December 2025}}</ref><ref name="newvision-appointed-2016">{{cite news|title=I've been appointed for my hard work - Nadduli|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1426291/-appointed-hard-nadduli|work=New Vision|date=6 June 2016|access-date=15 December 2025}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’okusuulibwa ku kabineti mu December wa 2019, yalondebwa okubeera Omuwabuzi wa Pulezidenti Omukulu.<ref name="urn-reshuffle-2019">{{cite news|title=President Museveni Reshuffles Cabinet|url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/a/story/president-museveni-reshuffles-cabinet-|work=Uganda Radio Network|date=14 December 2019|access-date=15 December 2025}}</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Nadduli yazaalibwa nga 22 Ogwekkumineebiri 1942 ku kyalo Kaddunda mu ggombolola lye [[Kapeeka]], mu Disitulikiti y’e [[Nakaseke]]. Bazadde be ye Nabukenya ne Ali Nadduli. Yasomera ku [[Luweero (disitulikit)|Luwero]] Boys Primary School ne Lukalu Quran School, oluvannyuma ne yegatta ku Gulu Central Technical School ne Ndejje Teachers College.<ref name="urn-profile-2022" /> Uganda Radio Network yategeeza nti yatikkirwa mu [[yunivasite y’e Bugema]] n’afuna diguli ya Bachelor of Arts mu by’obulamu n’okuddukanya embeera z’abantu.<ref name="urn-disqualification-2006">{{cite news|title=Nadduli petitions High Court over his disqualification|url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/nadduli-petitions-high-court-over-his-disqualification|work=Uganda Radio Network|date=18 January 2006|access-date=15 December 2025}}</ref> == Emirimu == Nadduli yakola yasomesaako ku Kalasa Church of Uganda Primary School mu [[Luweero (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Luwero]] okumala emyaka 11, nga tannegatta ku kibiina ky’abayeekera ekya [[National Resistance Army]] (NRA) mu 1980 oluvannyuma lw’okusisinkana [[Yoweri Museveni]] mu Disitulikiti y’e Luwero.<ref name="urn-profile-2022" /> == Emirimu gy'ebyobufuzi == === Ssentebe wa Disitulikiti y'e Luwero === Nadduli yaweereza ebisanja ebiwerako nga ssentebe wa Disitulikiti y’e Luwero (LC V). Lipoota ya ACODE score-card ey’omwaka gw’ebyensimbi 2011/2012 eraga nti yali aweereza ekisanja kye eky’okusatu era nti emabegako yaweerezaako nga ssentebe wa disitulikiti mu biseera 1996 okutuuka mu 2001 ne 2001 okutuuka mu 2006; lipoota y’emu eraga nti yaddamu okulondebwa mu March wa 2011 oluvannyuma lw’okufiirwa ekifo kino emabegako mu 2006.<ref name="acode-2013">{{cite report|last=Namara-Wamanga|first=Susan|author2=Christopher Musisi|author3=John Segujja|title=Local Government Councils’ Performance and Public Service Delivery in Uganda: Luwero District Council Score-Card Report 2011/12|series=ACODE Public Service Delivery and Accountability Report Series No.1, 2013|publisher=ACODE|date=2013|isbn=978-9970-07-020-6|url=https://www.acode-u.org/uploadedFiles/PSDA1.pdf|access-date=15 December 2025}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa ssentebe wa disitulikiti mu 2011, [[New Vision (olupapula lw'amawulire)|''New Vision'']] yategeeza nti yawangula n’obululu 40,780 ng’avuganya ne Ronald Ndawula eyali mu ntebe ekiseera ekyo, eyafuna obululu 32,354, mu kuvuganya kw’abeesimbawo basatu.<ref name="newvision-2011">{{cite news|title=Nadduli bounces back in Luwero|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1015771/nadduli-bounces-luwero|work=New Vision|date=25 February 2011|access-date=15 December 2025}}</ref> Mu 2015, Ronald Ndawula yawangula ekifo kya ssentebe wa NRM mu Disitulikiti y’e Luwero mu kulonda kw’ekibiina, n’adda mu bigere bya Nadduli.<ref name="urn-nrm-chair-2015">{{cite news|title=Nadduli's rival wins Luweero NRM chairperson seat|url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/naddulis-rival-wins-luweero-nrm-chairperson-seat?districtId=729|work=Uganda Radio Network|date=18 September 2015|access-date=15 December 2025}}</ref> === Emirimu gya kabineti n’okuwabula === Nga 6 Ogwomukaaga 2016, Pulezidenti Yoweri Museveni yalonda Nadduli Minisita wa guno naguli ku kabineti ya Uganda.<ref name="independent-2016" /><ref name="newvision-appointed-2016" /> Nga 14 Ogwekkumineebiri 2019, yakyusibwa n'alondebwa okubeera omuwabuzi wa Pulezidenti Omukulu mu nkyukakyuka ezaakolebwa.<ref name="urn-reshuffle-2019" /><ref name="newvision-reshuffle-2019">{{cite news|title=Unforgettable moments of former ministers: Nadduli, Onzima|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1512152/unforgettable-moments-ministers-hajji-nadduli-onzima|work=New Vision|date=15 December 2019|access-date=15 December 2025}}</ref> == Obuvunanyizibwa mu kibiina == In 2016, Nadduli ye yali omumyuka wa ssentebe w’ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] mu ggwanga lyonna owa Buganda.<ref name="newvision-bows-out-2016">{{cite news|title=Nadduli bows out of elective politics|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1424197/nadduli-bows-elective-politics|work=New Vision|date=10 May 2016|access-date=15 December 2025}}</ref> Yaweerezaako ku kakiiko akafuzi ak'okuntikko aka NRM Central Executive Committee (CEC) ng'akiikirira ekitundu ky'omumasekkati ga Uganda.<ref name="monitor-2022-cec">{{cite news|title=Why top NRM party officials skipped Nadduli son's burial|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/why-top-nrm-party-officials-skipped-nadduli-son-s-burial-3997958|work=Daily Monitor|date=26 October 2022|access-date=15 December 2025}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Kabineeti ya Uganda]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] myl8xxoqqzm7w7ap322pz9sq7wmau4h Isaac Kiprop 0 11691 58599 40694 2026-07-03T18:00:07Z Judithamos 10087 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1360974136|Isaac Kiprop]]" 58599 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Isaac Kiprop''' (yazaalibwa nga 10 ogwomwenda 1986) [[muddusi wa nsozi]] Omunnayuganda eyawangula [[empaka z'ensi yonna ez'okudduka ku nsozi]] omulundi gumu(2014).<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Trophy (1991-2008)/World Championships (2009 on) |url=http://www.wmra.ch/index.php/results/world-trophy-championships |access-date=23 October 2017 |publisher=wmra.ch}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == * [[Isaac Kiprop]] ku [[misinde gy'ensi yonna]] * [https://more.arrs.run/runner/26844 Isaac Kiprop] ku [[Association of Road Racing Statisticians]] 9yohrhuyfbepmojc99ido73gjngz9bp Akisoferi Wesonga 0 12033 58583 48526 2026-07-03T15:59:01Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 de-wikilinked and wikilinked 58583 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akisoferi Wesonga''' yali mulabirizi [[w'ekkanisa ya Uganda]] mu Uganda. <ref>https://churchofuganda.org/dioceses/north-mbale</ref> <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_Times</ref> Wesonga yasomera mu ttendekero lya [[Ttendekero lya Buwalasi Theological College|Buwalasi Theological College]]. Yatuuzibwa ku [[budinkoni]] mu 1954 ate ku bwa Kabona mu 1956. Yaweereza mu [[Bulabirizi bwa Upper Nile]] okutuusa mu 1961 era e [[Mbale]] okuva olwo okweyongerayo. Yali dean wa [[Mbale]] okuva mu 1963 okutuuka mu 1969 era oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera ekyo n'abeera Omuwandiisi w'amasaza g'ekkanisa ya Uganda mu [[Ssaza lya Uganda]] . Yafuuka Omulabirizi w’e Mbale mu 1980. <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crockford's_Clerical_Directory</ref> Yaweereza ng’Omulabirizi okutuusa mu 1991. == Ebijuliziddwa == p4zs9cpbtwztqxfhw63ok7u9lm8lz5f 58584 58583 2026-07-03T16:02:54Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 added references 58584 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akisoferi Wesonga''' yali mulabirizi [[w'ekkanisa ya Uganda]] mu Uganda. <ref>{{Cite web |title=NORTH MBALE - Church of Uganda |url=https://churchofuganda.org/cou---dioceses/north-mbale/ |access-date=2025-12-16 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=NORTH MBALE - Church of Uganda |url=https://churchofuganda.org/cou---dioceses/north-mbale/ |access-date=2025-12-16 |language=en-US}}</ref> Wesonga yasomera mu ttendekero lya [[Ttendekero lya Buwalasi Theological College|Buwalasi Theological College]]. Yatuuzibwa ku [[budinkoni]] mu 1954 ate ku bwa Kabona mu 1956. Yaweereza mu [[Bulabirizi bwa Upper Nile]] okutuusa mu 1961 era e [[Mbale]] okuva olwo okweyongerayo. Yali dean wa [[Mbale]] okuva mu 1963 okutuuka mu 1969 era oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera ekyo n'abeera Omuwandiisi w'amasaza g'ekkanisa ya Uganda mu [[Ssaza lya Uganda]] . Yafuuka Omulabirizi w’e Mbale mu 1980.<ref>[[Crockford's Clerical Directory]] 1975/6 p1080 London; [[Oxford University Press|OUP]]; 1975 {{ISBN|0-19-200008-X}}</ref> Yaweereza ng’Omulabirizi okutuusa mu 1991. == Ebijuliziddwa == js1i9h2760g11chorr2pdpq4irfs3vi 58585 58584 2026-07-03T16:21:39Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 added a category 58585 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akisoferi Wesonga''' yali mulabirizi [[w'ekkanisa ya Uganda]] mu Uganda. <ref>{{Cite web |title=NORTH MBALE - Church of Uganda |url=https://churchofuganda.org/cou---dioceses/north-mbale/ |access-date=2025-12-16 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=NORTH MBALE - Church of Uganda |url=https://churchofuganda.org/cou---dioceses/north-mbale/ |access-date=2025-12-16 |language=en-US}}</ref> Wesonga yasomera mu ttendekero lya [[Ttendekero lya Buwalasi Theological College|Buwalasi Theological College]]. Yatuuzibwa ku [[budinkoni]] mu 1954 ate ku bwa Kabona mu 1956. Yaweereza mu [[Bulabirizi bwa Upper Nile]] okutuusa mu 1961 era e [[Mbale]] okuva olwo okweyongerayo. Yali dean wa [[Mbale]] okuva mu 1963 okutuuka mu 1969 era oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera ekyo n'abeera Omuwandiisi w'amasaza g'ekkanisa ya Uganda mu [[Ssaza lya Uganda]] . Yafuuka Omulabirizi w’e Mbale mu 1980.<ref>[[Crockford's Clerical Directory]] 1975/6 p1080 London; [[Oxford University Press|OUP]]; 1975 {{ISBN|0-19-200008-X}}</ref> Yaweereza ng’Omulabirizi okutuusa mu 1991. == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> [[Category:Abalabirizi b'omu ba Kulisitaayo ab'e Kyasa kyabiri mu Uganda]] h8t2b33udmny9bc8calqt4f4z34l56s 58587 58585 2026-07-03T16:38:29Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 added a category 58587 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akisoferi Wesonga''' yali mulabirizi [[w'ekkanisa ya Uganda]] mu Uganda. <ref>{{Cite web |title=NORTH MBALE - Church of Uganda |url=https://churchofuganda.org/cou---dioceses/north-mbale/ |access-date=2025-12-16 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=NORTH MBALE - Church of Uganda |url=https://churchofuganda.org/cou---dioceses/north-mbale/ |access-date=2025-12-16 |language=en-US}}</ref> Wesonga yasomera mu ttendekero lya [[Ttendekero lya Buwalasi Theological College|Buwalasi Theological College]]. Yatuuzibwa ku [[budinkoni]] mu 1954 ate ku bwa Kabona mu 1956. Yaweereza mu [[Bulabirizi bwa Upper Nile]] okutuusa mu 1961 era e [[Mbale]] okuva olwo okweyongerayo. Yali dean wa [[Mbale]] okuva mu 1963 okutuuka mu 1969 era oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera ekyo n'abeera Omuwandiisi w'amasaza g'ekkanisa ya Uganda mu [[Ssaza lya Uganda]] . Yafuuka Omulabirizi w’e Mbale mu 1980.<ref>[[Crockford's Clerical Directory]] 1975/6 p1080 London; [[Oxford University Press|OUP]]; 1975 {{ISBN|0-19-200008-X}}</ref> Yaweereza ng’Omulabirizi okutuusa mu 1991. == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> [[Category:Abalabirizi b'omu ba Kulisitaayo ab'e Kyasa kyabiri mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abalabirizi b'Abakulisitaayo abava e Mbale]] sacuwsehsq18i08vseb1bguarvkdt1j 58589 58587 2026-07-03T16:45:38Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 added a new reference 58589 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akisoferi Wesonga''' yali mulabirizi [[w'ekkanisa ya Uganda]] mu Uganda. <ref>{{Cite web |title=NORTH MBALE - Church of Uganda |url=https://churchofuganda.org/cou---dioceses/north-mbale/ |access-date=2025-12-16 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=NORTH MBALE - Church of Uganda |url=https://churchofuganda.org/cou---dioceses/north-mbale/ |access-date=2025-12-16 |language=en-US}}</ref> Wesonga yasomera mu ttendekero lya [[Ttendekero lya Buwalasi Theological College|Buwalasi Theological College]]. Yatuuzibwa ku [[budinkoni]] mu 1954 ate ku bwa Kabona mu 1956. Yaweereza mu [[Bulabirizi bwa Upper Nile]] okutuusa mu 1961 era e [[Mbale]] okuva olwo okweyongerayo. Yali dean wa [[Mbale]] okuva mu 1963 okutuuka mu 1969 era oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera ekyo n'abeera Omuwandiisi w'amasaza g'ekkanisa ya Uganda mu [[Ssaza lya Uganda]] . Yafuuka Omulabirizi w’e Mbale mu 1980.<ref>[[Crockford's Clerical Directory]] 1975/6 p1080 London; [[Oxford University Press|OUP]]; 1975 {{ISBN|0-19-200008-X}}</ref> Yaweereza ng’Omulabirizi okutuusa mu 1991. == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> [[Category:Abalabirizi b'omu ba Kulisitaayo ab'e Kyasa kyabiri mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abalabirizi b'Abakulisitaayo abava e Mbale]] [[Category:Abaasomerako ku Uganda Christian University]] p0294xc7joxes9evhs64urh8qu4l0aa 58591 58589 2026-07-03T16:50:08Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 corrected grammar and punctuations and spellings 58591 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akisoferi Wesonga''' yali mulabirizi [[w'ekkanisa ya Uganda]] mu Uganda. <ref>{{Cite web |title=NORTH MBALE - Church of Uganda |url=https://churchofuganda.org/cou---dioceses/north-mbale/ |access-date=2025-12-16 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=NORTH MBALE - Church of Uganda |url=https://churchofuganda.org/cou---dioceses/north-mbale/ |access-date=2025-12-16 |language=en-US}}</ref> Wesonga yasomera mu ttendekero lya [[Ttendekero lya Buwalasi Theological College|Buwalasi Theological College]]. Yatuuzibwa ku [[budinkoni]] mu 1954 ate ku bwa Kabona mu 1956. Yaweereza mu [[Bulabirizi bwa Upper Nile]] okutuusa mu 1961, era e [[Mbale]] okuva olwo okweyongerayo. Yali dean wa [[Mbale]] okuva mu 1963 okutuuka mu 1969 era oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera ekyo n'abeera Omuwandiisi w'amasaza g'ekkanisa ya Uganda mu [[Ssaza lya Uganda]] . Yafuuka Omulabirizi w’e Mbale mu 1980.<ref>[[Crockford's Clerical Directory]] 1975/6 p1080 London; [[Oxford University Press|OUP]]; 1975 {{ISBN|0-19-200008-X}}</ref> Yaweereza ng’Omulabirizi okutuusa mu 1991. == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> [[Category:Abalabirizi b'omu ba Kulisitaayo ab'e Kyasa kyabiri mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abalabirizi b'Abakulisitaayo abava e Mbale]] [[Category:Abaasomerako ku Uganda Christian University]] eam6k96zknkyqez78qabavr0nfselu7 58592 58591 2026-07-03T16:51:22Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 added a category 58592 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akisoferi Wesonga''' yali mulabirizi [[w'ekkanisa ya Uganda]] mu Uganda. <ref>{{Cite web |title=NORTH MBALE - Church of Uganda |url=https://churchofuganda.org/cou---dioceses/north-mbale/ |access-date=2025-12-16 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=NORTH MBALE - Church of Uganda |url=https://churchofuganda.org/cou---dioceses/north-mbale/ |access-date=2025-12-16 |language=en-US}}</ref> Wesonga yasomera mu ttendekero lya [[Ttendekero lya Buwalasi Theological College|Buwalasi Theological College]]. Yatuuzibwa ku [[budinkoni]] mu 1954 ate ku bwa Kabona mu 1956. Yaweereza mu [[Bulabirizi bwa Upper Nile]] okutuusa mu 1961, era e [[Mbale]] okuva olwo okweyongerayo. Yali dean wa [[Mbale]] okuva mu 1963 okutuuka mu 1969 era oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera ekyo n'abeera Omuwandiisi w'amasaza g'ekkanisa ya Uganda mu [[Ssaza lya Uganda]] . Yafuuka Omulabirizi w’e Mbale mu 1980.<ref>[[Crockford's Clerical Directory]] 1975/6 p1080 London; [[Oxford University Press|OUP]]; 1975 {{ISBN|0-19-200008-X}}</ref> Yaweereza ng’Omulabirizi okutuusa mu 1991. == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> [[Category:Abalabirizi b'omu ba Kulisitaayo ab'e Kyasa kyabiri mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abalabirizi b'Abakulisitaayo abava e Mbale]] [[Category:Abaasomerako ku Uganda Christian University]] [[Category:Abaasomerako ku Bulwalasi Theological College]] oykviit3pf8yc9wq1mefwsd9ww7ngaq 58594 58592 2026-07-03T17:25:01Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 added a category 58594 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akisoferi Wesonga''' yali mulabirizi [[w'ekkanisa ya Uganda]] mu Uganda. <ref>{{Cite web |title=NORTH MBALE - Church of Uganda |url=https://churchofuganda.org/cou---dioceses/north-mbale/ |access-date=2025-12-16 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=NORTH MBALE - Church of Uganda |url=https://churchofuganda.org/cou---dioceses/north-mbale/ |access-date=2025-12-16 |language=en-US}}</ref> Wesonga yasomera mu ttendekero lya [[Ttendekero lya Buwalasi Theological College|Buwalasi Theological College]]. Yatuuzibwa ku [[budinkoni]] mu 1954 ate ku bwa Kabona mu 1956. Yaweereza mu [[Bulabirizi bwa Upper Nile]] okutuusa mu 1961, era e [[Mbale]] okuva olwo okweyongerayo. Yali dean wa [[Mbale]] okuva mu 1963 okutuuka mu 1969 era oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera ekyo n'abeera Omuwandiisi w'amasaza g'ekkanisa ya Uganda mu [[Ssaza lya Uganda]] . Yafuuka Omulabirizi w’e Mbale mu 1980.<ref>[[Crockford's Clerical Directory]] 1975/6 p1080 London; [[Oxford University Press|OUP]]; 1975 {{ISBN|0-19-200008-X}}</ref> Yaweereza ng’Omulabirizi okutuusa mu 1991. == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> [[Category:Abalabirizi b'omu ba Kulisitaayo ab'e Kyasa kyabiri mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abalabirizi b'Abakulisitaayo abava e Mbale]] [[Category:Abaasomerako ku Uganda Christian University]] [[Category:Abaasomerako ku Bulwalasi Theological College]] [[Category:Ba Diini b'Ekkanisa y'Abakulisitaayo mu Africa]] 3ylfeuha86955rzi897vuokqk4hylj5 Bright Stars FC 0 12071 58517 57641 2026-07-03T12:16:16Z Musuuza 11013 ngasseeko obutindo 58517 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bright Stars FC''', era emannyikiddwa nga '''Soltilo Bright Stars''', ye kiraabu [[Omupiira ogw'ebigere|y'omupiira]] ey'ekikugu. Baali bazannyira mu kibinja eky’oku ntikko ekya liigi ya Uganda, emannyikiddwa nga [[Ugandan Super League.]]<ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Bright Stars FC |date=May 2018 |title=Bright Stars FC: 2017/2018 Azam Uganda Premier League Wrap-Up |url=http://brightstarsfc.com/2018/05/bright-stars-fc-2017-2018-azam-uganda-premier-league-wrap-up/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622032524/http://brightstarsfc.com/2018/05/bright-stars-fc-2017-2018-azam-uganda-premier-league-wrap-up/ |archive-date=22 June 2018 |access-date=21 June 2018 |publisher=Bright Stars Football Club}}</ref> Mu Gwomwenda 2017, kyalangirirwa nti Enzaalwa za Japan [[Keisuke Honda]], ng’ayita mu kampuni ye eyitibwa Honda Estilo, yagula ekitundu ekifuga kiraabu eno.<ref name="3R">{{cite news|url=https://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20170911-00000105-dal-socc|title=本田圭佑、系列企業がアフリカ・ウガンダのクラブ買収を発表 世界で3クラブ目(デイリースポーツ) – Yahoo!ニュース|work=Yahoo!ニュース|access-date=2017-09-11|language=ja-JP|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912011420/https://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20170911-00000105-dal-socc|archive-date=12 September 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Nsubuga |first=Danito |date=11 September 2017 |title=Bright stars FC announce management partnership with Japanese company Honda Estilo |url=http://www.swiftsportsug.com/blog/bright-stars-fc-announce-management-partnership-with-japanese-company-honda-estilo/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622005056/http://www.swiftsportsug.com/blog/bright-stars-fc-announce-management-partnership-with-japanese-company-honda-estilo/ |archive-date=22 June 2018 |access-date=21 June 2018 |publisher=Swift Sports Uganda}}</ref> Omubala gwabwe guli "Bulijjo Okuyiiya, Tokoppa." oba "Always Innovating, Never Imitating." <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Isabirye |first=David |date=2020-07-01 |title=Bright Stars Football Club acquires new partner |url=http://kawowo.com/2020/07/01/bright-stars-football-club-acquires-new-partner/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109064126/https://kawowo.com/2020/07/01/bright-stars-football-club-acquires-new-partner/ |archive-date=9 November 2023 |access-date=2023-11-18 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Bright Stars yatandikibwawo mu 1997. Yayambusibwa okugenda mu liigi ya Uganda eyawagulu oluvannyuma lw’okuwangula ekibinja kya [[FUFA Big League]] mu 2012–13.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Club |url=http://brightstarsfc.com/the-club/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190210155205/http://brightstarsfc.com/the-club/ |archive-date=10 February 2019 |access-date=15 January 2019 |publisher=Bright Stars FC}}</ref> John Kayanja ye mutendesi eyakulembera Emmunyeenye zino okutuuka mu Kibinja Kyababinyweera.<ref name="5R">{{Cite web |last=Bright Stars FC |date=2016 |title=About Bright Stars Football Club |url=http://brightstarsfc.com/the-club/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622060020/http://brightstarsfc.com/the-club/ |archive-date=22 June 2018 |access-date=21 June 2018 |publisher=Bright Stars Football Club}}</ref> Mu sizoni yaabwe eyasooka okuzannya mu liigi yababinyweera mu 2013–14, Bright Stars yaddukira wa Livingstone Mbabazi okutendeka ttiimu eno. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 August 2013 |title=Rookies Bright Stars date SCVU |url=https://www.redpepper.co.ug/rookies-bright-stars-date-scvu/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240214081818/https://redpepper.co.ug/rookies-bright-stars-date-scvu/ |archive-date=14 February 2024 |access-date=15 January 2019 |publisher=Red Pepper}}</ref> Bright Stars yalwanagana n'obutasalibwaako kudda mu kibinja kya wansi kyokka neemalira mu kifo kya 12, ebifo 2 wagulu wa ttiimu ezaali zisaliddwaako. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 April 2014 |title=FUFA Super League Relegation Battle Intensifies |url=http://www.fufa.co.ug/fufa-super-league-relegation-battle-intensifies/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190115182500/http://www.fufa.co.ug/fufa-super-league-relegation-battle-intensifies/ |archive-date=15 January 2019 |access-date=15 January 2019 |publisher=FUFA.co.ug}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Uganda 2013-14 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tableso/oeg2014.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506132715/http://www.rsssf.com/tableso/oeg2014.html |archive-date=6 May 2021 |access-date=7 February 2023 |website=[[RSSSF]]}}</ref> Bright Stars yatuuka ku fayinolo z'empaka za Uganda Cup mu 2019, nga gwe mulundi ogwaali gusookedde ddala bano okutuuka ku fayinolo yonna, wabula nebakubwa [[Proline FC]] 5-4 ku penati oluvannyuma lw’omupiira okuggwa amaliri ga ggoolo 1-1. Mu 2024, kiraabu eno yaleeta omuzannyi enzaalwa za Buyindi eyali asookedde ddala mu ggwanga, eyali amannyikiddwa nga , Aaryan Badoni. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 August 2024 |title=Aaryan Badoni joins Soltilo Bright Stars |url=https://soltilobrightstars.co.ug/2024/01/31/aaryan-badoni-joins-soltilo-bright-stars/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240927230933/https://soltilobrightstars.co.ug/2024/01/31/aaryan-badoni-joins-soltilo-bright-stars/ |archive-date=27 September 2024 |access-date=23 December 2024 |website=soltilobrightstars.co.ug}}</ref> == Ekisaawe == [[File:Soccer_in_Uganda_01.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Omupiira wakati wa Bright Stars FC ne Express FC mu kisaawe kya Mutesa II mu Kampala mu Uganda mu liigi ya Uganda Premier League mu 2023.]] Mu sizoni ya 2014–15, kiraabu eno yasengukira e Mwererwe, ku mulirwano gw’e [[Matugga]], mu bukiikakkono bwa [[Kampala]], ekibuga kya Uganda ekikulu era ekisinga obunene. Emabegako ttiimu eno yazannyiranga mu [[Ekisaawe kya Nakivubo|kisaawe ky'e Nakivubo]] ekyali kisuza abantu 15,000. <ref name="5R"/> <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2015 |title=FUFA Monthly |url=http://www.fufa.co.ug/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/FUFA-Monthly-May.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004104550/http://www.fufa.co.ug/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/FUFA-Monthly-May.pdf |archive-date=4 October 2015 |publisher=FUFA Communications 2015}}</ref> == Olukalala lw'abazannyi ba ttiimu mu kiseera kino. == {| class="wikitable" !<abbr>No.</abbr> !<abbr>Pos.</abbr> !Nation !Player |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[GK]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Patrick Mubiru |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[GK]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Hassan Matovu |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[GK]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Shamulan Kamya |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[DF]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Samuel Kato |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[MF]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Japan.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[JPN]] |Yasuyuki Fujimoto |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[MF]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Yasin Mugume |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[MF]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Noordin Bunjo |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[MF]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Ibrahim Kasinde |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[FW]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Samuel Ssenyonjo |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[FW]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Issa Bugembe |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[FW]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Douglas Ochoko |} == Abakozi abatali bazannyi == '''Ensengeka y'ebitiibwa'''<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Isabirye |first=David |date=2019-08-29 |title=Bright Stars FC unveils new players for 2019-20 Uganda Premier League season |url=http://kawowo.com/2019/08/29/bright-stars-fc-unveils-new-players-for-2019-2020-uganda-premier-league-season/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118100742/https://kawowo.com/2019/08/29/bright-stars-fc-unveils-new-players-for-2019-2020-uganda-premier-league-season/ |archive-date=18 November 2023 |access-date=2023-11-18 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Ekifo n'erinnya ly'azannyiramu''' * Ssentebe:{{Flagicon|Uganda}} '''[[Ronnie Muteb|Ronnie Mutebi]]''' * Omukiise ku lukiiko olufuzi:{{Flagicon|Uganda}} '''[[Ahmed Marsha Hussein]]''' * Omukiise ku lukiiko olufuzi:{{Flagicon|Uganda}} '''[[Joseph Mubiru]]''' * Omukiise ku lukiiko olufuzi:{{Flagicon|Uganda}} '''[[Tadeo Miiro]]''' === Ensengeka ya ttiimu evunaanyizibwa ku by’ekikugu === Ensibuko:<ref name=":2"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Soltilo Bright Stars Homepage - Soltilo Bright Stars |url=https://soltilobrightstars.co.ug/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118101751/https://soltilobrightstars.co.ug/ |archive-date=18 November 2023 |access-date=2023-11-18 |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Ekifo n'erinnya ly'azannyiramu''' * Omutendesi omukulu:{{Flagicon|Uganda}} '''[[Joseph Harold Mutyaba]]''' * Omumyuuka w’omutendesi:{{Flagicon|Uganda}} '''[[Tom Ssali]]''' * Omusawo wa Ttiimu:{{Flagicon|Uganda}} '''[[Solomon Ndawula|Sulemaani Ndawula]]''' * Omukugu mu by’ebibalo bya ttiimu:{{Flagicon|Uganda}} '''[[Steven Lwanga]]''' * Addukanya ebikozesebwa :{{Flagicon|Uganda}} '''[[Mustapha Kyakoonye]]''' == Ebyafaayo by'abavuggirizi ba ttiimu == * YOSHINO TRADING Ltd.<ref>https://yoshino-trading.com/ {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2025}}</ref> Okuva mu 2018 okutuuka mu 2024, YOSHINO TRADING Ltd. yeeyali omuvuggirizi omutongole owa Bright Stars FC. Mu 2018, kampuni eno yakola ng'omuvuggirizi w'okulusegere okumala sizoni emu. Okugatta kw'ekyo, mu kiseera kyonna eky’okuteeka ssente mu ttiimu eno, YOSHINO TRADING Ltd. yawaayo bbaasi ya ttiimu eyali ezingiddwa ku bwereere, ng’ewagira ebyetaago bya ttiimu mu by’entambula.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-04 |title=Bright Stars FCへのスポンサー開始のお知らせ |url=https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000004.000037009.html |access-date= |publisher=PR Times}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Express FC]] * [[Kampala Capital City Authority FC]] * [[Kilaabu ya SC Villa|SC Villa]] * [[:en:Uganda_Revenue_Authority_SC|Uganda Revenue Authority SC]] * [[Kiraabu ya Vipers SC|Vipers SC]] * [[:en:BUL_Jinja_FC|BUL Jinja FC]] * [[:en:Busoga_United_FC|Busoga United FC]] * [[Ekisaawe kya Mutesa II|Ekisaawe kya Muteesa II Wankulukuku]] * [[:en:Uganda_Premier_League|Liigi ya Uganda eyababinyweera]] == Ebijuliziddwaamu == {{Reflist}} == Ewalala w'oyinza okubigya == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20231015092328/http://www.brightstarsfc.com/ Omukutu gwa kiraabu y'omupiira eya Bright Stars] {{Ugandan Premier League}} dh2iu450b4dbdwr7ez1wvla045xuuxl 58721 58517 2026-07-04T07:58:20Z Musuuza 11013 ntaddeko ebijuliziddwa 58721 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bright Stars FC''', era emannyikiddwa nga '''Soltilo Bright Stars''', ye kiraabu [[Omupiira ogw'ebigere|y'omupiira]] ey'ekikugu. Baali bazannyira mu kibinja eky’oku ntikko ekya liigi ya Uganda, emannyikiddwa nga [[Ugandan Super League.]]<ref name="2R">{{cite web |url=http://brightstarsfc.com/2018/05/bright-stars-fc-2017-2018-azam-uganda-premier-league-wrap-up/|access-date=21 June 2018|date=May 2018|title=Bright Stars FC: 2017/2018 Azam Uganda Premier League Wrap-Up|publisher=Bright Stars Football Club|author=Bright Stars FC|location=Kampala|archive-date=22 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622032524/http://brightstarsfc.com/2018/05/bright-stars-fc-2017-2018-azam-uganda-premier-league-wrap-up/|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu Gwomwenda 2017, kyalangirirwa nti Enzaalwa za Japan [[Keisuke Honda]], ng’ayita mu kampuni ye eyitibwa Honda Estilo, yagula ekitundu ekifuga kiraabu eno.<ref name="3R">{{cite news|url=https://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20170911-00000105-dal-socc|title=本田圭佑、系列企業がアフリカ・ウガンダのクラブ買収を発表 世界で3クラブ目(デイリースポーツ) – Yahoo!ニュース|work=Yahoo!ニュース|access-date=2017-09-11|language=ja-JP|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912011420/https://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20170911-00000105-dal-socc|archive-date=12 September 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="4R">{{cite web |access-date=21 June 2018|url=http://www.swiftsportsug.com/blog/bright-stars-fc-announce-management-partnership-with-japanese-company-honda-estilo/|date=11 September 2017|title=Bright stars FC announce management partnership with Japanese company Honda Estilo|last=Nsubuga|first=Danito|location=Kampala|publisher=Swift Sports Uganda|archive-date=22 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622005056/http://www.swiftsportsug.com/blog/bright-stars-fc-announce-management-partnership-with-japanese-company-honda-estilo/|url-status=live}}</ref> Omubala gwabwe guli "Bulijjo Okuyiiya, Tokoppa." oba "Always Innovating, Never Imitating."<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Isabirye|first=David|date=2020-07-01|title=Bright Stars Football Club acquires new partner|url=http://kawowo.com/2020/07/01/bright-stars-football-club-acquires-new-partner/|access-date=2023-11-18|website=Kawowo Sports|language=en-US|archive-date=9 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109064126/https://kawowo.com/2020/07/01/bright-stars-football-club-acquires-new-partner/|url-status=live}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Bright Stars yatandikibwawo mu 1997. Yayambusibwa okugenda mu liigi ya Uganda eyawagulu oluvannyuma lw’okuwangula ekibinja kya [[FUFA Big League]] mu 2012–13.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Club |url=http://brightstarsfc.com/the-club/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190210155205/http://brightstarsfc.com/the-club/ |archive-date=10 February 2019 |access-date=15 January 2019 |publisher=Bright Stars FC}}</ref> John Kayanja ye mutendesi eyakulembera Emmunyeenye zino okutuuka mu Kibinja Kyababinyweera.<ref name="5R2">{{cite web |url=http://brightstarsfc.com/the-club/|title=About Bright Stars Football Club|date=2016|access-date=21 June 2018|publisher=Bright Stars Football Club|author=Bright Stars FC|location=Kampala|archive-date=22 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622060020/http://brightstarsfc.com/the-club/|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu sizoni yaabwe eyasooka okuzannya mu liigi yababinyweera mu 2013–14, Bright Stars yaddukira wa Livingstone Mbabazi okutendeka ttiimu eno.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 August 2013 |title=Rookies Bright Stars date SCVU |url=https://www.redpepper.co.ug/rookies-bright-stars-date-scvu/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240214081818/https://redpepper.co.ug/rookies-bright-stars-date-scvu/ |archive-date=14 February 2024 |access-date=15 January 2019 |publisher=Red Pepper}}</ref> Bright Stars yalwanagana n'obutasalibwaako kudda mu kibinja kya wansi kyokka neemalira mu kifo kya 12, ebifo 2 wagulu wa ttiimu ezaali zisaliddwaako.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 April 2014 |title=FUFA Super League Relegation Battle Intensifies |url=http://www.fufa.co.ug/fufa-super-league-relegation-battle-intensifies/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190115182500/http://www.fufa.co.ug/fufa-super-league-relegation-battle-intensifies/ |archive-date=15 January 2019 |access-date=15 January 2019 |publisher=FUFA.co.ug}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tableso/oeg2014.html|website=[[RSSSF]]|title=Uganda 2013-14|access-date=7 February 2023|archive-date=6 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506132715/http://www.rsssf.com/tableso/oeg2014.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Bright Stars yatuuka ku fayinolo z'empaka za Uganda Cup mu 2019, nga gwe mulundi ogwaali gusookedde ddala bano okutuuka ku fayinolo yonna, wabula nebakubwa [[Proline FC]] 5-4 ku penati oluvannyuma lw’omupiira okuggwa amaliri ga ggoolo 1-1. Mu 2024, kiraabu eno yaleeta omuzannyi enzaalwa za Buyindi eyali asookedde ddala mu ggwanga, eyali amannyikiddwa nga , Aaryan Badoni. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 August 2024 |title=Aaryan Badoni joins Soltilo Bright Stars |url=https://soltilobrightstars.co.ug/2024/01/31/aaryan-badoni-joins-soltilo-bright-stars/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240927230933/https://soltilobrightstars.co.ug/2024/01/31/aaryan-badoni-joins-soltilo-bright-stars/ |archive-date=27 September 2024 |access-date=23 December 2024 |website=soltilobrightstars.co.ug}}</ref> == Ekisaawe == [[File:Soccer_in_Uganda_01.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Omupiira wakati wa Bright Stars FC ne Express FC mu kisaawe kya Mutesa II mu Kampala mu Uganda mu liigi ya Uganda Premier League mu 2023.]] Mu sizoni ya 2014–15, kiraabu eno yasengukira e Mwererwe, ku mulirwano gw’e [[Matugga]], mu bukiikakkono bwa [[Kampala]], ekibuga kya Uganda ekikulu era ekisinga obunene. Emabegako ttiimu eno yazannyiranga mu [[Ekisaawe kya Nakivubo|kisaawe ky'e Nakivubo]] ekyali kisuza abantu 15,000.<ref name="5R2" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fufa.co.ug/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/FUFA-Monthly-May.pdf|archive-date=4 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004104550/http://www.fufa.co.ug/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/FUFA-Monthly-May.pdf|title=FUFA Monthly|date=May 2015|issue=5|publisher=FUFA Communications 2015}}</ref> == Olukalala lw'abazannyi ba ttiimu mu kiseera kino. == {| class="wikitable" !<abbr>No.</abbr> !<abbr>Pos.</abbr> !Nation !Player |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[GK]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Patrick Mubiru |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[GK]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Hassan Matovu |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[GK]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Shamulan Kamya |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[DF]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Samuel Kato |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[MF]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Japan.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[JPN]] |Yasuyuki Fujimoto |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[MF]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Yasin Mugume |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[MF]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Noordin Bunjo |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[MF]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Ibrahim Kasinde |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[FW]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Samuel Ssenyonjo |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[FW]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Issa Bugembe |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[FW]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Douglas Ochoko |} == Abakozi abatali bazannyi == '''Ensengeka y'ebitiibwa<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |last=Isabirye|first=David|date=2019-08-29|title=Bright Stars FC unveils new players for 2019-20 Uganda Premier League season|url=http://kawowo.com/2019/08/29/bright-stars-fc-unveils-new-players-for-2019-2020-uganda-premier-league-season/|access-date=2023-11-18|website=Kawowo Sports|language=en-US|archive-date=18 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118100742/https://kawowo.com/2019/08/29/bright-stars-fc-unveils-new-players-for-2019-2020-uganda-premier-league-season/|url-status=live}}</ref>''' '''Ekifo n'erinnya ly'azannyiramu''' * Ssentebe:{{Flagicon|Uganda}} '''[[Ronnie Muteb|Ronnie Mutebi]]''' * Omukiise ku lukiiko olufuzi:{{Flagicon|Uganda}} '''[[Ahmed Marsha Hussein]]''' * Omukiise ku lukiiko olufuzi:{{Flagicon|Uganda}} '''[[Joseph Mubiru]]''' * Omukiise ku lukiiko olufuzi:{{Flagicon|Uganda}} '''[[Tadeo Miiro]]''' === Ensengeka ya ttiimu evunaanyizibwa ku by’ekikugu === Ensibuko:<ref name=":22" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Soltilo Bright Stars Homepage - Soltilo Bright Stars |url=https://soltilobrightstars.co.ug/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118101751/https://soltilobrightstars.co.ug/ |archive-date=18 November 2023 |access-date=2023-11-18 |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Ekifo n'erinnya ly'azannyiramu''' * Omutendesi omukulu:{{Flagicon|Uganda}} '''[[Joseph Harold Mutyaba]]''' * Omumyuuka w’omutendesi:{{Flagicon|Uganda}} '''[[Tom Ssali]]''' * Omusawo wa Ttiimu:{{Flagicon|Uganda}} '''[[Solomon Ndawula|Sulemaani Ndawula]]''' * Omukugu mu by’ebibalo bya ttiimu:{{Flagicon|Uganda}} '''[[Steven Lwanga]]''' * Addukanya ebikozesebwa :{{Flagicon|Uganda}} '''[[Mustapha Kyakoonye]]''' == Ebyafaayo by'abavuggirizi ba ttiimu == * YOSHINO TRADING Ltd.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-22|title=Yoshino Trading {{!}} Used cars and trucks for sale in Kampala, Uganda|url=https://yoshino-trading.com/|access-date=2026-03-28|language=en}}</ref> Okuva mu 2018 okutuuka mu 2024, YOSHINO TRADING Ltd. yeeyali omuvuggirizi omutongole owa Bright Stars FC. Mu 2018, kampuni eno yakola ng'omuvuggirizi w'okulusegere okumala sizoni emu. Okugatta kw'ekyo, mu kiseera kyonna eky’okuteeka ssente mu ttiimu eno, YOSHINO TRADING Ltd. yawaayo bbaasi ya ttiimu eyali ezingiddwa ku bwereere, ng’ewagira ebyetaago bya ttiimu mu by’entambula.<ref>{{cite web |date=2018-09-04|title=Bright Stars FCへのスポンサー開始のお知らせ|url=https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000004.000037009.html|access-date=|publisher=PR Times}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Express FC]] * [[Kampala Capital City Authority FC]] * [[Kilaabu ya SC Villa|SC Villa]] * [[:en:Uganda_Revenue_Authority_SC|Uganda Revenue Authority SC]] * [[Kiraabu ya Vipers SC|Vipers SC]] * [[:en:BUL_Jinja_FC|BUL Jinja FC]] * [[:en:Busoga_United_FC|Busoga United FC]] * [[Ekisaawe kya Mutesa II|Ekisaawe kya Muteesa II Wankulukuku]] * [[:en:Uganda_Premier_League|Liigi ya Uganda eyababinyweera]] == Ebijuliziddwaamu == {{Reflist}} == Ewalala w'oyinza okubigya == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20231015092328/http://www.brightstarsfc.com/ Omukutu gwa kiraabu y'omupiira eya Bright Stars] {{Ugandan Premier League}} hgf0tv78s0iu92ghvhf2mjxp2jpecbw 58722 58721 2026-07-04T08:11:46Z Musuuza 11013 ntonzeewo amatuluba 58722 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bright Stars FC''', era emannyikiddwa nga '''Soltilo Bright Stars''', ye kiraabu [[Omupiira ogw'ebigere|y'omupiira]] ey'ekikugu. Baali bazannyira mu kibinja eky’oku ntikko ekya liigi ya Uganda, emannyikiddwa nga [[Ugandan Super League.]]<ref name="2R">{{cite web |url=http://brightstarsfc.com/2018/05/bright-stars-fc-2017-2018-azam-uganda-premier-league-wrap-up/|access-date=21 June 2018|date=May 2018|title=Bright Stars FC: 2017/2018 Azam Uganda Premier League Wrap-Up|publisher=Bright Stars Football Club|author=Bright Stars FC|location=Kampala|archive-date=22 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622032524/http://brightstarsfc.com/2018/05/bright-stars-fc-2017-2018-azam-uganda-premier-league-wrap-up/|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu Gwomwenda 2017, kyalangirirwa nti Enzaalwa za Japan [[Keisuke Honda]], ng’ayita mu kampuni ye eyitibwa Honda Estilo, yagula ekitundu ekifuga kiraabu eno.<ref name="3R">{{cite news|url=https://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20170911-00000105-dal-socc|title=本田圭佑、系列企業がアフリカ・ウガンダのクラブ買収を発表 世界で3クラブ目(デイリースポーツ) – Yahoo!ニュース|work=Yahoo!ニュース|access-date=2017-09-11|language=ja-JP|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912011420/https://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20170911-00000105-dal-socc|archive-date=12 September 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="4R">{{cite web |access-date=21 June 2018|url=http://www.swiftsportsug.com/blog/bright-stars-fc-announce-management-partnership-with-japanese-company-honda-estilo/|date=11 September 2017|title=Bright stars FC announce management partnership with Japanese company Honda Estilo|last=Nsubuga|first=Danito|location=Kampala|publisher=Swift Sports Uganda|archive-date=22 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622005056/http://www.swiftsportsug.com/blog/bright-stars-fc-announce-management-partnership-with-japanese-company-honda-estilo/|url-status=live}}</ref> Omubala gwabwe guli "Bulijjo Okuyiiya, Tokoppa." oba "Always Innovating, Never Imitating."<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Isabirye|first=David|date=2020-07-01|title=Bright Stars Football Club acquires new partner|url=http://kawowo.com/2020/07/01/bright-stars-football-club-acquires-new-partner/|access-date=2023-11-18|website=Kawowo Sports|language=en-US|archive-date=9 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109064126/https://kawowo.com/2020/07/01/bright-stars-football-club-acquires-new-partner/|url-status=live}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Bright Stars yatandikibwawo mu 1997. Yayambusibwa okugenda mu liigi ya Uganda eyawagulu oluvannyuma lw’okuwangula ekibinja kya [[FUFA Big League]] mu 2012–13.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Club |url=http://brightstarsfc.com/the-club/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190210155205/http://brightstarsfc.com/the-club/ |archive-date=10 February 2019 |access-date=15 January 2019 |publisher=Bright Stars FC}}</ref> John Kayanja ye mutendesi eyakulembera Emmunyeenye zino okutuuka mu Kibinja Kyababinyweera.<ref name="5R2">{{cite web |url=http://brightstarsfc.com/the-club/|title=About Bright Stars Football Club|date=2016|access-date=21 June 2018|publisher=Bright Stars Football Club|author=Bright Stars FC|location=Kampala|archive-date=22 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622060020/http://brightstarsfc.com/the-club/|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu sizoni yaabwe eyasooka okuzannya mu liigi yababinyweera mu 2013–14, Bright Stars yaddukira wa Livingstone Mbabazi okutendeka ttiimu eno.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 August 2013 |title=Rookies Bright Stars date SCVU |url=https://www.redpepper.co.ug/rookies-bright-stars-date-scvu/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240214081818/https://redpepper.co.ug/rookies-bright-stars-date-scvu/ |archive-date=14 February 2024 |access-date=15 January 2019 |publisher=Red Pepper}}</ref> Bright Stars yalwanagana n'obutasalibwaako kudda mu kibinja kya wansi kyokka neemalira mu kifo kya 12, ebifo 2 wagulu wa ttiimu ezaali zisaliddwaako.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 April 2014 |title=FUFA Super League Relegation Battle Intensifies |url=http://www.fufa.co.ug/fufa-super-league-relegation-battle-intensifies/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190115182500/http://www.fufa.co.ug/fufa-super-league-relegation-battle-intensifies/ |archive-date=15 January 2019 |access-date=15 January 2019 |publisher=FUFA.co.ug}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tableso/oeg2014.html|website=[[RSSSF]]|title=Uganda 2013-14|access-date=7 February 2023|archive-date=6 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506132715/http://www.rsssf.com/tableso/oeg2014.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Bright Stars yatuuka ku fayinolo z'empaka za Uganda Cup mu 2019, nga gwe mulundi ogwaali gusookedde ddala bano okutuuka ku fayinolo yonna, wabula nebakubwa [[Proline FC]] 5-4 ku penati oluvannyuma lw’omupiira okuggwa amaliri ga ggoolo 1-1. Mu 2024, kiraabu eno yaleeta omuzannyi enzaalwa za Buyindi eyali asookedde ddala mu ggwanga, eyali amannyikiddwa nga , Aaryan Badoni. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 August 2024 |title=Aaryan Badoni joins Soltilo Bright Stars |url=https://soltilobrightstars.co.ug/2024/01/31/aaryan-badoni-joins-soltilo-bright-stars/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240927230933/https://soltilobrightstars.co.ug/2024/01/31/aaryan-badoni-joins-soltilo-bright-stars/ |archive-date=27 September 2024 |access-date=23 December 2024 |website=soltilobrightstars.co.ug}}</ref> == Ekisaawe == [[File:Soccer_in_Uganda_01.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Omupiira wakati wa Bright Stars FC ne Express FC mu kisaawe kya Mutesa II mu Kampala mu Uganda mu liigi ya Uganda Premier League mu 2023.]] Mu sizoni ya 2014–15, kiraabu eno yasengukira e Mwererwe, ku mulirwano gw’e [[Matugga]], mu bukiikakkono bwa [[Kampala]], ekibuga kya Uganda ekikulu era ekisinga obunene. Emabegako ttiimu eno yazannyiranga mu [[Ekisaawe kya Nakivubo|kisaawe ky'e Nakivubo]] ekyali kisuza abantu 15,000.<ref name="5R2" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fufa.co.ug/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/FUFA-Monthly-May.pdf|archive-date=4 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004104550/http://www.fufa.co.ug/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/FUFA-Monthly-May.pdf|title=FUFA Monthly|date=May 2015|issue=5|publisher=FUFA Communications 2015}}</ref> == Olukalala lw'abazannyi ba ttiimu mu kiseera kino. == {| class="wikitable" !<abbr>No.</abbr> !<abbr>Pos.</abbr> !Nation !Player |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[GK]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Patrick Mubiru |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[GK]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Hassan Matovu |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[GK]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Shamulan Kamya |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[DF]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Samuel Kato |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[MF]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Japan.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[JPN]] |Yasuyuki Fujimoto |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[MF]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Yasin Mugume |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[MF]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Noordin Bunjo |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[MF]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Ibrahim Kasinde |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[FW]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Samuel Ssenyonjo |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[FW]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Issa Bugembe |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[FW]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Douglas Ochoko |} == Abakozi abatali bazannyi == '''Ensengeka y'ebitiibwa<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |last=Isabirye|first=David|date=2019-08-29|title=Bright Stars FC unveils new players for 2019-20 Uganda Premier League season|url=http://kawowo.com/2019/08/29/bright-stars-fc-unveils-new-players-for-2019-2020-uganda-premier-league-season/|access-date=2023-11-18|website=Kawowo Sports|language=en-US|archive-date=18 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118100742/https://kawowo.com/2019/08/29/bright-stars-fc-unveils-new-players-for-2019-2020-uganda-premier-league-season/|url-status=live}}</ref>''' '''Ekifo n'erinnya ly'azannyiramu''' * Ssentebe:{{Flagicon|Uganda}} '''[[Ronnie Muteb|Ronnie Mutebi]]''' * Omukiise ku lukiiko olufuzi:{{Flagicon|Uganda}} '''[[Ahmed Marsha Hussein]]''' * Omukiise ku lukiiko olufuzi:{{Flagicon|Uganda}} '''[[Joseph Mubiru]]''' * Omukiise ku lukiiko olufuzi:{{Flagicon|Uganda}} '''[[Tadeo Miiro]]''' === Ensengeka ya ttiimu evunaanyizibwa ku by’ekikugu === Ensibuko:<ref name=":22" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Soltilo Bright Stars Homepage - Soltilo Bright Stars |url=https://soltilobrightstars.co.ug/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118101751/https://soltilobrightstars.co.ug/ |archive-date=18 November 2023 |access-date=2023-11-18 |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Ekifo n'erinnya ly'azannyiramu''' * Omutendesi omukulu:{{Flagicon|Uganda}} '''[[Joseph Harold Mutyaba]]''' * Omumyuuka w’omutendesi:{{Flagicon|Uganda}} '''[[Tom Ssali]]''' * Omusawo wa Ttiimu:{{Flagicon|Uganda}} '''[[Solomon Ndawula|Sulemaani Ndawula]]''' * Omukugu mu by’ebibalo bya ttiimu:{{Flagicon|Uganda}} '''[[Steven Lwanga]]''' * Addukanya ebikozesebwa :{{Flagicon|Uganda}} '''[[Mustapha Kyakoonye]]''' == Ebyafaayo by'abavuggirizi ba ttiimu == * YOSHINO TRADING Ltd.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-22|title=Yoshino Trading {{!}} Used cars and trucks for sale in Kampala, Uganda|url=https://yoshino-trading.com/|access-date=2026-03-28|language=en}}</ref> Okuva mu 2018 okutuuka mu 2024, YOSHINO TRADING Ltd. yeeyali omuvuggirizi omutongole owa Bright Stars FC. Mu 2018, kampuni eno yakola ng'omuvuggirizi w'okulusegere okumala sizoni emu. Okugatta kw'ekyo, mu kiseera kyonna eky’okuteeka ssente mu ttiimu eno, YOSHINO TRADING Ltd. yawaayo bbaasi ya ttiimu eyali ezingiddwa ku bwereere, ng’ewagira ebyetaago bya ttiimu mu by’entambula.<ref>{{cite web |date=2018-09-04|title=Bright Stars FCへのスポンサー開始のお知らせ|url=https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000004.000037009.html|access-date=|publisher=PR Times}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Express FC]] * [[Kampala Capital City Authority FC]] * [[Kilaabu ya SC Villa|SC Villa]] * [[:en:Uganda_Revenue_Authority_SC|Uganda Revenue Authority SC]] * [[Kiraabu ya Vipers SC|Vipers SC]] * [[:en:BUL_Jinja_FC|BUL Jinja FC]] * [[:en:Busoga_United_FC|Busoga United FC]] * [[Ekisaawe kya Mutesa II|Ekisaawe kya Muteesa II Wankulukuku]] * [[:en:Uganda_Premier_League|Liigi ya Uganda eyababinyweera]] == Ebijuliziddwaamu == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20231015092328/http://www.brightstarsfc.com/ Omukutu gwa kiraabu y'omupiira eya Bright Stars] {{Ugandan Premier League}}[[Amatuluba:]] Ebibiina by'omupiira mu Uganda. Ttiimu z'omupiira ezaatandikibwawo mu 1997. Ebitongole ebyatandikibwawo mu Yuganda mu 1997. mwleqma88ukrskyof3faoj2epk27qxw 58723 58722 2026-07-04T08:14:12Z Musuuza 11013 ntonzeewo amatuluba 58723 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bright Stars FC''', era emannyikiddwa nga '''Soltilo Bright Stars''', ye kiraabu [[Omupiira ogw'ebigere|y'omupiira]] ey'ekikugu. Baali bazannyira mu kibinja eky’oku ntikko ekya liigi ya Uganda, emannyikiddwa nga [[Ugandan Super League.]]<ref name="2R">{{cite web |url=http://brightstarsfc.com/2018/05/bright-stars-fc-2017-2018-azam-uganda-premier-league-wrap-up/|access-date=21 June 2018|date=May 2018|title=Bright Stars FC: 2017/2018 Azam Uganda Premier League Wrap-Up|publisher=Bright Stars Football Club|author=Bright Stars FC|location=Kampala|archive-date=22 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622032524/http://brightstarsfc.com/2018/05/bright-stars-fc-2017-2018-azam-uganda-premier-league-wrap-up/|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu Gwomwenda 2017, kyalangirirwa nti Enzaalwa za Japan [[Keisuke Honda]], ng’ayita mu kampuni ye eyitibwa Honda Estilo, yagula ekitundu ekifuga kiraabu eno.<ref name="3R">{{cite news|url=https://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20170911-00000105-dal-socc|title=本田圭佑、系列企業がアフリカ・ウガンダのクラブ買収を発表 世界で3クラブ目(デイリースポーツ) – Yahoo!ニュース|work=Yahoo!ニュース|access-date=2017-09-11|language=ja-JP|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912011420/https://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20170911-00000105-dal-socc|archive-date=12 September 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="4R">{{cite web |access-date=21 June 2018|url=http://www.swiftsportsug.com/blog/bright-stars-fc-announce-management-partnership-with-japanese-company-honda-estilo/|date=11 September 2017|title=Bright stars FC announce management partnership with Japanese company Honda Estilo|last=Nsubuga|first=Danito|location=Kampala|publisher=Swift Sports Uganda|archive-date=22 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622005056/http://www.swiftsportsug.com/blog/bright-stars-fc-announce-management-partnership-with-japanese-company-honda-estilo/|url-status=live}}</ref> Omubala gwabwe guli "Bulijjo Okuyiiya, Tokoppa." oba "Always Innovating, Never Imitating."<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Isabirye|first=David|date=2020-07-01|title=Bright Stars Football Club acquires new partner|url=http://kawowo.com/2020/07/01/bright-stars-football-club-acquires-new-partner/|access-date=2023-11-18|website=Kawowo Sports|language=en-US|archive-date=9 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109064126/https://kawowo.com/2020/07/01/bright-stars-football-club-acquires-new-partner/|url-status=live}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Bright Stars yatandikibwawo mu 1997. Yayambusibwa okugenda mu liigi ya Uganda eyawagulu oluvannyuma lw’okuwangula ekibinja kya [[FUFA Big League]] mu 2012–13.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Club |url=http://brightstarsfc.com/the-club/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190210155205/http://brightstarsfc.com/the-club/ |archive-date=10 February 2019 |access-date=15 January 2019 |publisher=Bright Stars FC}}</ref> John Kayanja ye mutendesi eyakulembera Emmunyeenye zino okutuuka mu Kibinja Kyababinyweera.<ref name="5R2">{{cite web |url=http://brightstarsfc.com/the-club/|title=About Bright Stars Football Club|date=2016|access-date=21 June 2018|publisher=Bright Stars Football Club|author=Bright Stars FC|location=Kampala|archive-date=22 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622060020/http://brightstarsfc.com/the-club/|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu sizoni yaabwe eyasooka okuzannya mu liigi yababinyweera mu 2013–14, Bright Stars yaddukira wa Livingstone Mbabazi okutendeka ttiimu eno.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 August 2013 |title=Rookies Bright Stars date SCVU |url=https://www.redpepper.co.ug/rookies-bright-stars-date-scvu/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240214081818/https://redpepper.co.ug/rookies-bright-stars-date-scvu/ |archive-date=14 February 2024 |access-date=15 January 2019 |publisher=Red Pepper}}</ref> Bright Stars yalwanagana n'obutasalibwaako kudda mu kibinja kya wansi kyokka neemalira mu kifo kya 12, ebifo 2 wagulu wa ttiimu ezaali zisaliddwaako.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 April 2014 |title=FUFA Super League Relegation Battle Intensifies |url=http://www.fufa.co.ug/fufa-super-league-relegation-battle-intensifies/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190115182500/http://www.fufa.co.ug/fufa-super-league-relegation-battle-intensifies/ |archive-date=15 January 2019 |access-date=15 January 2019 |publisher=FUFA.co.ug}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tableso/oeg2014.html|website=[[RSSSF]]|title=Uganda 2013-14|access-date=7 February 2023|archive-date=6 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506132715/http://www.rsssf.com/tableso/oeg2014.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Bright Stars yatuuka ku fayinolo z'empaka za Uganda Cup mu 2019, nga gwe mulundi ogwaali gusookedde ddala bano okutuuka ku fayinolo yonna, wabula nebakubwa [[Proline FC]] 5-4 ku penati oluvannyuma lw’omupiira okuggwa amaliri ga ggoolo 1-1. Mu 2024, kiraabu eno yaleeta omuzannyi enzaalwa za Buyindi eyali asookedde ddala mu ggwanga, eyali amannyikiddwa nga , Aaryan Badoni. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 August 2024 |title=Aaryan Badoni joins Soltilo Bright Stars |url=https://soltilobrightstars.co.ug/2024/01/31/aaryan-badoni-joins-soltilo-bright-stars/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240927230933/https://soltilobrightstars.co.ug/2024/01/31/aaryan-badoni-joins-soltilo-bright-stars/ |archive-date=27 September 2024 |access-date=23 December 2024 |website=soltilobrightstars.co.ug}}</ref> == Ekisaawe == [[File:Soccer_in_Uganda_01.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Omupiira wakati wa Bright Stars FC ne Express FC mu kisaawe kya Mutesa II mu Kampala mu Uganda mu liigi ya Uganda Premier League mu 2023.]] Mu sizoni ya 2014–15, kiraabu eno yasengukira e Mwererwe, ku mulirwano gw’e [[Matugga]], mu bukiikakkono bwa [[Kampala]], ekibuga kya Uganda ekikulu era ekisinga obunene. Emabegako ttiimu eno yazannyiranga mu [[Ekisaawe kya Nakivubo|kisaawe ky'e Nakivubo]] ekyali kisuza abantu 15,000.<ref name="5R2" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fufa.co.ug/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/FUFA-Monthly-May.pdf|archive-date=4 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004104550/http://www.fufa.co.ug/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/FUFA-Monthly-May.pdf|title=FUFA Monthly|date=May 2015|issue=5|publisher=FUFA Communications 2015}}</ref> == Olukalala lw'abazannyi ba ttiimu mu kiseera kino. == {| class="wikitable" !<abbr>No.</abbr> !<abbr>Pos.</abbr> !Nation !Player |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[GK]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Patrick Mubiru |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[GK]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Hassan Matovu |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[GK]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Shamulan Kamya |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[DF]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Samuel Kato |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[MF]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Japan.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[JPN]] |Yasuyuki Fujimoto |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[MF]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Yasin Mugume |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[MF]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Noordin Bunjo |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[MF]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Ibrahim Kasinde |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[FW]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Samuel Ssenyonjo |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[FW]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Issa Bugembe |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[FW]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Douglas Ochoko |} == Abakozi abatali bazannyi == '''Ensengeka y'ebitiibwa<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |last=Isabirye|first=David|date=2019-08-29|title=Bright Stars FC unveils new players for 2019-20 Uganda Premier League season|url=http://kawowo.com/2019/08/29/bright-stars-fc-unveils-new-players-for-2019-2020-uganda-premier-league-season/|access-date=2023-11-18|website=Kawowo Sports|language=en-US|archive-date=18 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118100742/https://kawowo.com/2019/08/29/bright-stars-fc-unveils-new-players-for-2019-2020-uganda-premier-league-season/|url-status=live}}</ref>''' '''Ekifo n'erinnya ly'azannyiramu''' * Ssentebe:{{Flagicon|Uganda}} '''[[Ronnie Muteb|Ronnie Mutebi]]''' * Omukiise ku lukiiko olufuzi:{{Flagicon|Uganda}} '''[[Ahmed Marsha Hussein]]''' * Omukiise ku lukiiko olufuzi:{{Flagicon|Uganda}} '''[[Joseph Mubiru]]''' * Omukiise ku lukiiko olufuzi:{{Flagicon|Uganda}} '''[[Tadeo Miiro]]''' === Ensengeka ya ttiimu evunaanyizibwa ku by’ekikugu === Ensibuko:<ref name=":22" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Soltilo Bright Stars Homepage - Soltilo Bright Stars |url=https://soltilobrightstars.co.ug/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118101751/https://soltilobrightstars.co.ug/ |archive-date=18 November 2023 |access-date=2023-11-18 |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Ekifo n'erinnya ly'azannyiramu''' * Omutendesi omukulu:{{Flagicon|Uganda}} '''[[Joseph Harold Mutyaba]]''' * Omumyuuka w’omutendesi:{{Flagicon|Uganda}} '''[[Tom Ssali]]''' * Omusawo wa Ttiimu:{{Flagicon|Uganda}} '''[[Solomon Ndawula|Sulemaani Ndawula]]''' * Omukugu mu by’ebibalo bya ttiimu:{{Flagicon|Uganda}} '''[[Steven Lwanga]]''' * Addukanya ebikozesebwa :{{Flagicon|Uganda}} '''[[Mustapha Kyakoonye]]''' == Ebyafaayo by'abavuggirizi ba ttiimu == * YOSHINO TRADING Ltd.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-22|title=Yoshino Trading {{!}} Used cars and trucks for sale in Kampala, Uganda|url=https://yoshino-trading.com/|access-date=2026-03-28|language=en}}</ref> Okuva mu 2018 okutuuka mu 2024, YOSHINO TRADING Ltd. yeeyali omuvuggirizi omutongole owa Bright Stars FC. Mu 2018, kampuni eno yakola ng'omuvuggirizi w'okulusegere okumala sizoni emu. Okugatta kw'ekyo, mu kiseera kyonna eky’okuteeka ssente mu ttiimu eno, YOSHINO TRADING Ltd. yawaayo bbaasi ya ttiimu eyali ezingiddwa ku bwereere, ng’ewagira ebyetaago bya ttiimu mu by’entambula.<ref>{{cite web |date=2018-09-04|title=Bright Stars FCへのスポンサー開始のお知らせ|url=https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000004.000037009.html|access-date=|publisher=PR Times}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Express FC]] * [[Kampala Capital City Authority FC]] * [[Kilaabu ya SC Villa|SC Villa]] * [[:en:Uganda_Revenue_Authority_SC|Uganda Revenue Authority SC]] * [[Kiraabu ya Vipers SC|Vipers SC]] * [[:en:BUL_Jinja_FC|BUL Jinja FC]] * [[:en:Busoga_United_FC|Busoga United FC]] * [[Ekisaawe kya Mutesa II|Ekisaawe kya Muteesa II Wankulukuku]] * [[:en:Uganda_Premier_League|Liigi ya Uganda eyababinyweera]] == Ebijuliziddwaamu == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20231015092328/http://www.brightstarsfc.com/ Omukutu gwa kiraabu y'omupiira eya Bright Stars] {{Ugandan Premier League}}[[Amatuluba:]] Amatuluba: nexewauqnbulmb4gdub9gvtg3b7m7qg 58724 58723 2026-07-04T08:17:17Z Musuuza 11013 ntaddemu amatuluba 58724 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bright Stars FC''', era emannyikiddwa nga '''Soltilo Bright Stars''', ye kiraabu [[Omupiira ogw'ebigere|y'omupiira]] ey'ekikugu. Baali bazannyira mu kibinja eky’oku ntikko ekya liigi ya Uganda, emannyikiddwa nga [[Ugandan Super League.]]<ref name="2R">{{cite web |url=http://brightstarsfc.com/2018/05/bright-stars-fc-2017-2018-azam-uganda-premier-league-wrap-up/|access-date=21 June 2018|date=May 2018|title=Bright Stars FC: 2017/2018 Azam Uganda Premier League Wrap-Up|publisher=Bright Stars Football Club|author=Bright Stars FC|location=Kampala|archive-date=22 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622032524/http://brightstarsfc.com/2018/05/bright-stars-fc-2017-2018-azam-uganda-premier-league-wrap-up/|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu Gwomwenda 2017, kyalangirirwa nti Enzaalwa za Japan [[Keisuke Honda]], ng’ayita mu kampuni ye eyitibwa Honda Estilo, yagula ekitundu ekifuga kiraabu eno.<ref name="3R">{{cite news|url=https://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20170911-00000105-dal-socc|title=本田圭佑、系列企業がアフリカ・ウガンダのクラブ買収を発表 世界で3クラブ目(デイリースポーツ) – Yahoo!ニュース|work=Yahoo!ニュース|access-date=2017-09-11|language=ja-JP|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912011420/https://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20170911-00000105-dal-socc|archive-date=12 September 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="4R">{{cite web |access-date=21 June 2018|url=http://www.swiftsportsug.com/blog/bright-stars-fc-announce-management-partnership-with-japanese-company-honda-estilo/|date=11 September 2017|title=Bright stars FC announce management partnership with Japanese company Honda Estilo|last=Nsubuga|first=Danito|location=Kampala|publisher=Swift Sports Uganda|archive-date=22 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622005056/http://www.swiftsportsug.com/blog/bright-stars-fc-announce-management-partnership-with-japanese-company-honda-estilo/|url-status=live}}</ref> Omubala gwabwe guli "Bulijjo Okuyiiya, Tokoppa." oba "Always Innovating, Never Imitating."<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Isabirye|first=David|date=2020-07-01|title=Bright Stars Football Club acquires new partner|url=http://kawowo.com/2020/07/01/bright-stars-football-club-acquires-new-partner/|access-date=2023-11-18|website=Kawowo Sports|language=en-US|archive-date=9 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109064126/https://kawowo.com/2020/07/01/bright-stars-football-club-acquires-new-partner/|url-status=live}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Bright Stars yatandikibwawo mu 1997. Yayambusibwa okugenda mu liigi ya Uganda eyawagulu oluvannyuma lw’okuwangula ekibinja kya [[FUFA Big League]] mu 2012–13.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Club |url=http://brightstarsfc.com/the-club/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190210155205/http://brightstarsfc.com/the-club/ |archive-date=10 February 2019 |access-date=15 January 2019 |publisher=Bright Stars FC}}</ref> John Kayanja ye mutendesi eyakulembera Emmunyeenye zino okutuuka mu Kibinja Kyababinyweera.<ref name="5R2">{{cite web |url=http://brightstarsfc.com/the-club/|title=About Bright Stars Football Club|date=2016|access-date=21 June 2018|publisher=Bright Stars Football Club|author=Bright Stars FC|location=Kampala|archive-date=22 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622060020/http://brightstarsfc.com/the-club/|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu sizoni yaabwe eyasooka okuzannya mu liigi yababinyweera mu 2013–14, Bright Stars yaddukira wa Livingstone Mbabazi okutendeka ttiimu eno.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 August 2013 |title=Rookies Bright Stars date SCVU |url=https://www.redpepper.co.ug/rookies-bright-stars-date-scvu/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240214081818/https://redpepper.co.ug/rookies-bright-stars-date-scvu/ |archive-date=14 February 2024 |access-date=15 January 2019 |publisher=Red Pepper}}</ref> Bright Stars yalwanagana n'obutasalibwaako kudda mu kibinja kya wansi kyokka neemalira mu kifo kya 12, ebifo 2 wagulu wa ttiimu ezaali zisaliddwaako.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 April 2014 |title=FUFA Super League Relegation Battle Intensifies |url=http://www.fufa.co.ug/fufa-super-league-relegation-battle-intensifies/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190115182500/http://www.fufa.co.ug/fufa-super-league-relegation-battle-intensifies/ |archive-date=15 January 2019 |access-date=15 January 2019 |publisher=FUFA.co.ug}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tableso/oeg2014.html|website=[[RSSSF]]|title=Uganda 2013-14|access-date=7 February 2023|archive-date=6 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506132715/http://www.rsssf.com/tableso/oeg2014.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Bright Stars yatuuka ku fayinolo z'empaka za Uganda Cup mu 2019, nga gwe mulundi ogwaali gusookedde ddala bano okutuuka ku fayinolo yonna, wabula nebakubwa [[Proline FC]] 5-4 ku penati oluvannyuma lw’omupiira okuggwa amaliri ga ggoolo 1-1. Mu 2024, kiraabu eno yaleeta omuzannyi enzaalwa za Buyindi eyali asookedde ddala mu ggwanga, eyali amannyikiddwa nga , Aaryan Badoni. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 August 2024 |title=Aaryan Badoni joins Soltilo Bright Stars |url=https://soltilobrightstars.co.ug/2024/01/31/aaryan-badoni-joins-soltilo-bright-stars/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240927230933/https://soltilobrightstars.co.ug/2024/01/31/aaryan-badoni-joins-soltilo-bright-stars/ |archive-date=27 September 2024 |access-date=23 December 2024 |website=soltilobrightstars.co.ug}}</ref> == Ekisaawe == [[File:Soccer_in_Uganda_01.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Omupiira wakati wa Bright Stars FC ne Express FC mu kisaawe kya Mutesa II mu Kampala mu Uganda mu liigi ya Uganda Premier League mu 2023.]] Mu sizoni ya 2014–15, kiraabu eno yasengukira e Mwererwe, ku mulirwano gw’e [[Matugga]], mu bukiikakkono bwa [[Kampala]], ekibuga kya Uganda ekikulu era ekisinga obunene. Emabegako ttiimu eno yazannyiranga mu [[Ekisaawe kya Nakivubo|kisaawe ky'e Nakivubo]] ekyali kisuza abantu 15,000.<ref name="5R2" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fufa.co.ug/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/FUFA-Monthly-May.pdf|archive-date=4 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004104550/http://www.fufa.co.ug/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/FUFA-Monthly-May.pdf|title=FUFA Monthly|date=May 2015|issue=5|publisher=FUFA Communications 2015}}</ref> == Olukalala lw'abazannyi ba ttiimu mu kiseera kino. == {| class="wikitable" !<abbr>No.</abbr> !<abbr>Pos.</abbr> !Nation !Player |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[GK]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Patrick Mubiru |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[GK]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Hassan Matovu |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[GK]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Shamulan Kamya |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[DF]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Samuel Kato |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[MF]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Japan.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[JPN]] |Yasuyuki Fujimoto |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[MF]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Yasin Mugume |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[MF]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Noordin Bunjo |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[MF]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Ibrahim Kasinde |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[FW]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Samuel Ssenyonjo |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[FW]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Issa Bugembe |- |&#x2014; |<abbr>[[FW]]</abbr> |[[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[FUFA League enkulu|UGA]] |Douglas Ochoko |} == Abakozi abatali bazannyi == '''Ensengeka y'ebitiibwa<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |last=Isabirye|first=David|date=2019-08-29|title=Bright Stars FC unveils new players for 2019-20 Uganda Premier League season|url=http://kawowo.com/2019/08/29/bright-stars-fc-unveils-new-players-for-2019-2020-uganda-premier-league-season/|access-date=2023-11-18|website=Kawowo Sports|language=en-US|archive-date=18 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118100742/https://kawowo.com/2019/08/29/bright-stars-fc-unveils-new-players-for-2019-2020-uganda-premier-league-season/|url-status=live}}</ref>''' '''Ekifo n'erinnya ly'azannyiramu''' * Ssentebe:{{Flagicon|Uganda}} '''[[Ronnie Muteb|Ronnie Mutebi]]''' * Omukiise ku lukiiko olufuzi:{{Flagicon|Uganda}} '''[[Ahmed Marsha Hussein]]''' * Omukiise ku lukiiko olufuzi:{{Flagicon|Uganda}} '''[[Joseph Mubiru]]''' * Omukiise ku lukiiko olufuzi:{{Flagicon|Uganda}} '''[[Tadeo Miiro]]''' === Ensengeka ya ttiimu evunaanyizibwa ku by’ekikugu === Ensibuko:<ref name=":22" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Soltilo Bright Stars Homepage - Soltilo Bright Stars |url=https://soltilobrightstars.co.ug/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118101751/https://soltilobrightstars.co.ug/ |archive-date=18 November 2023 |access-date=2023-11-18 |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Ekifo n'erinnya ly'azannyiramu''' * Omutendesi omukulu:{{Flagicon|Uganda}} '''[[Joseph Harold Mutyaba]]''' * Omumyuuka w’omutendesi:{{Flagicon|Uganda}} '''[[Tom Ssali]]''' * Omusawo wa Ttiimu:{{Flagicon|Uganda}} '''[[Solomon Ndawula|Sulemaani Ndawula]]''' * Omukugu mu by’ebibalo bya ttiimu:{{Flagicon|Uganda}} '''[[Steven Lwanga]]''' * Addukanya ebikozesebwa :{{Flagicon|Uganda}} '''[[Mustapha Kyakoonye]]''' == Ebyafaayo by'abavuggirizi ba ttiimu == * YOSHINO TRADING Ltd.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-22|title=Yoshino Trading {{!}} Used cars and trucks for sale in Kampala, Uganda|url=https://yoshino-trading.com/|access-date=2026-03-28|language=en}}</ref> Okuva mu 2018 okutuuka mu 2024, YOSHINO TRADING Ltd. yeeyali omuvuggirizi omutongole owa Bright Stars FC. Mu 2018, kampuni eno yakola ng'omuvuggirizi w'okulusegere okumala sizoni emu. Okugatta kw'ekyo, mu kiseera kyonna eky’okuteeka ssente mu ttiimu eno, YOSHINO TRADING Ltd. yawaayo bbaasi ya ttiimu eyali ezingiddwa ku bwereere, ng’ewagira ebyetaago bya ttiimu mu by’entambula.<ref>{{cite web |date=2018-09-04|title=Bright Stars FCへのスポンサー開始のお知らせ|url=https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000004.000037009.html|access-date=|publisher=PR Times}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Express FC]] * [[Kampala Capital City Authority FC]] * [[Kilaabu ya SC Villa|SC Villa]] * [[:en:Uganda_Revenue_Authority_SC|Uganda Revenue Authority SC]] * [[Kiraabu ya Vipers SC|Vipers SC]] * [[:en:BUL_Jinja_FC|BUL Jinja FC]] * [[:en:Busoga_United_FC|Busoga United FC]] * [[Ekisaawe kya Mutesa II|Ekisaawe kya Muteesa II Wankulukuku]] * [[:en:Uganda_Premier_League|Liigi ya Uganda eyababinyweera]] == Ebijuliziddwaamu == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20231015092328/http://www.brightstarsfc.com/ Omukutu gwa kiraabu y'omupiira eya Bright Stars] {{Ugandan Premier League}} [[Category:Ebibiina by'omupiira mu Uganda]] [[Category:Ttiimu z'omupiira ezaatandikibwawo mu 1997]] [[Category:Ebitongole ebyatandikibwawo mu Uganda mu 1997]] ijq3k84toiiznprti68acbeke5nyupa Albert Ruskin Cook 0 12237 58674 51244 2026-07-03T21:30:13Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 added a category 58674 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} '''Sir Albert Ruskin Cook''', CMB, OBE (22 Omwezi ogwokusatu 1870 – 23 Omwezi ogwokuna 1951) yali Mungereza omuminsani omusawo mu Uganda, era omutandisi w' [[eddwaliro ly'e Mengo|eddwaliro ly'e Mulago]] n'[[eddwalieo ly'e Mulago|eddwaliro ly'e Mengo]] . Ng’ali wamu ne mukyala we, [[Katharine Cook,]] (1863–1938), baatandikawo essomero eritendeka abazaalisa mu Uganda.. == Emirimu gy'obusawo n'obuminsani == [[Albert Ruskin Cook]]<ref>https://dacb.org/stories/uganda/cook3-albert/</ref> yazaalibwa mu [[Hampstead]], London mu 1870. Bazadde be baali Dr. W. H. Cook ne Harriet Bickersteth Cook. Yatikkirwa ddiguli esooka okuva mu ttendekero lya [[Trinity College Cambridge]] mu 1893 ne mu ddwaliro lya Albert Ruskin Cook mu 1895 nga [[ddiguli esooka ey'obusawo .]]Yafuuka omusawo mu 1901. Mu 1896, Albert Cook yagenda e Uganda n’obutume b'[[ekibiina ky'ekkanisa eky'abaminsani ekya Church Missionaery Societ]]<nowiki/>y, era mu 1897 n’atandikawo eddwaliro ly’e Mengo, eddwaaliro erisinga obukadde mu buvanjuba bwa Afrika. Mu 1899 yeegattibwako mukulu we [[John Howard Cook]], omusawo alongoosa era omusawo omukugu mukujanjaba amaaso. Albert Cook yawasa [[Katharine Timpson]], omusawo omujanjabi (Nurse), mu 1900, gweyazaala naye abaana babiri ab’obuwala n’omulenzi. Sir Albert Cook teyali wa bulijjo mubaminsani abasawo olw’okufuba kwe okutendeka Abafirika okufuuka abakozi abakugu mu busawo . Ye ne mukyala we baaggulawo essomero ly’abazaalisa e Mengo era ne bawandiika ekitabo ekirambika abazaalisa [[Lulimi oluganda]] , olulimi lw’ekitundu (Amagezi Agokuzalisa; ekyafulumizibwa Sheldon Press, London). Albert Cook yatandika okutendeka abayambi b'abasawo Abafirika e Mulago mu kiseera kya Ssematalo eyasooka (First world war) , era mu myaka gya 1920, yakubiriza okuggulawo ettendekero ly'obusawo mu kusooka eryatendeka Abafirika okutuuka ku ddaala gavumenti y'amatwale lye yannyonnyola nga "''Asian sub-assistant surgeon''". Essomero lyakula okutuuka okufuuka essomero ly’obusawo erijjuvu mu bulamu bwe. Cook yatandikawo ekifo awajjanjabirwa [[endwadde z'ekyama ez'ekikaba]] n’obulwadde bwa [[mmongoota]] mu 1913, oluvannyuma eryafuuka eddwaliro ly’e Mulago. Yali pulezidenti w’[[Ekibiina ekigatta abasawo Abangerez|ekibiina ekigatta abasawo Abangereza]] (British Medical Association -BMA) ow'ettabi ery'e Uganda wakati wa 1914 ne 1918, mu kiseera ekyo n’atandikawo essomero ly’abasawo Abafirika abayambi . Yali pulezidenti wa The Uganda Society mu 1933-1934 nga yaddira Omulamuzi F. G. Smith mu bigere ate ye [[Edward James Wayland]] naamuddira mu bigere. == Ebitiibwa == [[File:GravesKatharineAndAlbertCook-RubagaCemeteryKampala_RomanDeckert28042024.jpg|thumb|Entaana ya Cook, wakati ku ddyo, okumpi n’eya mukyala we mu 2024.]] Cook yaweebwa engule ya Order of the British Empire<ref>https://honours.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/about/orders-and-medals/</ref> mu 1918, eya [[Compassion of the Order of St Michael and St George]] mu 1922, era n’afuna ekitiibwa kya [[Knighthood]] mu 1932. Mu 1936–37, yaddamu okubeera pulezidenti w'ekibiina ekigatta abasawo Abangereza BMA (Ettabi ery'e Uganda). Sir Albert Cook yafa nga 23 Omwezi ogwokuna 1951 mu [[Kampala]], nga wayise emyaka kkumi n’esatu nga mukyalawe afudde. Yaziikibwa okumpi n'entaana ye (Mukyala we) mu limbo ya Lutikko ya [[Lutikko ya Namirembe|St. Paul's Cathedral Namirembe]] . Ejjinja lye ery’entaana liriko ekiwandiiko nti:<blockquote>"A TRIBUTE FROM HH THE KABAKA; CHIEFS & PEOPLE ERI MUKWANO WA UGANDA OMUTUKUVU".</blockquote> == Ebijuliziddwa, == # ''This reference is defined in a template or other generated block, and for now can only be edited in source mode.'' # ''This reference is defined in a template or other generated block, and for now can only be edited in source mode.''{{Reflist|refs=<ref name="acad">{{acad|id=CK889AR|name=Cook, Albert Ruskin}}</ref> <ref name="mundus">[http://www.mundus.ac.uk/cats/16/1000.htm Cook, Sir Albert Ruskin (1870–1951) and Cook, Lady (Katharine)]. mundus.ac.uk</ref>}} == Ebyokusoma ebisingawo == * {{Cite web |title=Cook, Sir Albert Ruskin (1870–1951) and Cook, Lady (Katharine) |url=https://www.mundus.ac.uk/cats/16/1000.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031317/http://www.mundus.ac.uk/cats/16/1000.htm |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=17 January 2006}} * {{Cite journal |date=February 1930 |title=The British Journal of Nursing Supplement, February 1930 |url=http://rcnarchive.rcn.org.uk/data/VOLUME078-1930/page055-volume78-february1930.pdf |journal=The British Journal of Nursing Supplement |language=English |access-date=17 January 2006}} * ''A Doctor and his Dog in Uganda, from the Letters and Journals of A. R. Cook''. Edited by Mrs. H. B. Cook. Published by the Religious Tract Society, London. 1903. ASIN B0008A52XW * Joyce Reason, ''Safety last: The story of Albert Cook of Uganda''. London: Highway Press, 1954. ASIN B0000CJ1DK {{Protestant missions to Africa}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Abakungu wansi w'obwakabaka bwa Bungereza]] lg0jzu03kpm7v6b53cmlavyet6hcfff 58681 58674 2026-07-03T21:33:25Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 added a category 58681 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} '''Sir Albert Ruskin Cook''', CMB, OBE (22 Omwezi ogwokusatu 1870 – 23 Omwezi ogwokuna 1951) yali Mungereza omuminsani omusawo mu Uganda, era omutandisi w' [[eddwaliro ly'e Mengo|eddwaliro ly'e Mulago]] n'[[eddwalieo ly'e Mulago|eddwaliro ly'e Mengo]] . Ng’ali wamu ne mukyala we, [[Katharine Cook,]] (1863–1938), baatandikawo essomero eritendeka abazaalisa mu Uganda.. == Emirimu gy'obusawo n'obuminsani == [[Albert Ruskin Cook]]<ref>https://dacb.org/stories/uganda/cook3-albert/</ref> yazaalibwa mu [[Hampstead]], London mu 1870. Bazadde be baali Dr. W. H. Cook ne Harriet Bickersteth Cook. Yatikkirwa ddiguli esooka okuva mu ttendekero lya [[Trinity College Cambridge]] mu 1893 ne mu ddwaliro lya Albert Ruskin Cook mu 1895 nga [[ddiguli esooka ey'obusawo .]]Yafuuka omusawo mu 1901. Mu 1896, Albert Cook yagenda e Uganda n’obutume b'[[ekibiina ky'ekkanisa eky'abaminsani ekya Church Missionaery Societ]]<nowiki/>y, era mu 1897 n’atandikawo eddwaliro ly’e Mengo, eddwaaliro erisinga obukadde mu buvanjuba bwa Afrika. Mu 1899 yeegattibwako mukulu we [[John Howard Cook]], omusawo alongoosa era omusawo omukugu mukujanjaba amaaso. Albert Cook yawasa [[Katharine Timpson]], omusawo omujanjabi (Nurse), mu 1900, gweyazaala naye abaana babiri ab’obuwala n’omulenzi. Sir Albert Cook teyali wa bulijjo mubaminsani abasawo olw’okufuba kwe okutendeka Abafirika okufuuka abakozi abakugu mu busawo . Ye ne mukyala we baaggulawo essomero ly’abazaalisa e Mengo era ne bawandiika ekitabo ekirambika abazaalisa [[Lulimi oluganda]] , olulimi lw’ekitundu (Amagezi Agokuzalisa; ekyafulumizibwa Sheldon Press, London). Albert Cook yatandika okutendeka abayambi b'abasawo Abafirika e Mulago mu kiseera kya Ssematalo eyasooka (First world war) , era mu myaka gya 1920, yakubiriza okuggulawo ettendekero ly'obusawo mu kusooka eryatendeka Abafirika okutuuka ku ddaala gavumenti y'amatwale lye yannyonnyola nga "''Asian sub-assistant surgeon''". Essomero lyakula okutuuka okufuuka essomero ly’obusawo erijjuvu mu bulamu bwe. Cook yatandikawo ekifo awajjanjabirwa [[endwadde z'ekyama ez'ekikaba]] n’obulwadde bwa [[mmongoota]] mu 1913, oluvannyuma eryafuuka eddwaliro ly’e Mulago. Yali pulezidenti w’[[Ekibiina ekigatta abasawo Abangerez|ekibiina ekigatta abasawo Abangereza]] (British Medical Association -BMA) ow'ettabi ery'e Uganda wakati wa 1914 ne 1918, mu kiseera ekyo n’atandikawo essomero ly’abasawo Abafirika abayambi . Yali pulezidenti wa The Uganda Society mu 1933-1934 nga yaddira Omulamuzi F. G. Smith mu bigere ate ye [[Edward James Wayland]] naamuddira mu bigere. == Ebitiibwa == [[File:GravesKatharineAndAlbertCook-RubagaCemeteryKampala_RomanDeckert28042024.jpg|thumb|Entaana ya Cook, wakati ku ddyo, okumpi n’eya mukyala we mu 2024.]] Cook yaweebwa engule ya Order of the British Empire<ref>https://honours.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/about/orders-and-medals/</ref> mu 1918, eya [[Compassion of the Order of St Michael and St George]] mu 1922, era n’afuna ekitiibwa kya [[Knighthood]] mu 1932. Mu 1936–37, yaddamu okubeera pulezidenti w'ekibiina ekigatta abasawo Abangereza BMA (Ettabi ery'e Uganda). Sir Albert Cook yafa nga 23 Omwezi ogwokuna 1951 mu [[Kampala]], nga wayise emyaka kkumi n’esatu nga mukyalawe afudde. Yaziikibwa okumpi n'entaana ye (Mukyala we) mu limbo ya Lutikko ya [[Lutikko ya Namirembe|St. Paul's Cathedral Namirembe]] . Ejjinja lye ery’entaana liriko ekiwandiiko nti:<blockquote>"A TRIBUTE FROM HH THE KABAKA; CHIEFS & PEOPLE ERI MUKWANO WA UGANDA OMUTUKUVU".</blockquote> == Ebijuliziddwa, == # ''This reference is defined in a template or other generated block, and for now can only be edited in source mode.'' # ''This reference is defined in a template or other generated block, and for now can only be edited in source mode.''{{Reflist|refs=<ref name="acad">{{acad|id=CK889AR|name=Cook, Albert Ruskin}}</ref> <ref name="mundus">[http://www.mundus.ac.uk/cats/16/1000.htm Cook, Sir Albert Ruskin (1870–1951) and Cook, Lady (Katharine)]. mundus.ac.uk</ref>}} == Ebyokusoma ebisingawo == * {{Cite web |title=Cook, Sir Albert Ruskin (1870–1951) and Cook, Lady (Katharine) |url=https://www.mundus.ac.uk/cats/16/1000.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031317/http://www.mundus.ac.uk/cats/16/1000.htm |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=17 January 2006}} * {{Cite journal |date=February 1930 |title=The British Journal of Nursing Supplement, February 1930 |url=http://rcnarchive.rcn.org.uk/data/VOLUME078-1930/page055-volume78-february1930.pdf |journal=The British Journal of Nursing Supplement |language=English |access-date=17 January 2006}} * ''A Doctor and his Dog in Uganda, from the Letters and Journals of A. R. Cook''. Edited by Mrs. H. B. Cook. Published by the Religious Tract Society, London. 1903. ASIN B0008A52XW * Joyce Reason, ''Safety last: The story of Albert Cook of Uganda''. London: Highway Press, 1954. ASIN B0000CJ1DK {{Protestant missions to Africa}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Abakungu wansi w'obwakabaka bwa Bungereza]] [[Category:Abaminsani Abangereza Abakulisitaayo]] 5c6ani4zm1xs1uhoxw3ttpu6e56s4zy 58684 58681 2026-07-03T21:35:29Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 added a category 58684 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} '''Sir Albert Ruskin Cook''', CMB, OBE (22 Omwezi ogwokusatu 1870 – 23 Omwezi ogwokuna 1951) yali Mungereza omuminsani omusawo mu Uganda, era omutandisi w' [[eddwaliro ly'e Mengo|eddwaliro ly'e Mulago]] n'[[eddwalieo ly'e Mulago|eddwaliro ly'e Mengo]] . Ng’ali wamu ne mukyala we, [[Katharine Cook,]] (1863–1938), baatandikawo essomero eritendeka abazaalisa mu Uganda.. == Emirimu gy'obusawo n'obuminsani == [[Albert Ruskin Cook]]<ref>https://dacb.org/stories/uganda/cook3-albert/</ref> yazaalibwa mu [[Hampstead]], London mu 1870. Bazadde be baali Dr. W. H. Cook ne Harriet Bickersteth Cook. Yatikkirwa ddiguli esooka okuva mu ttendekero lya [[Trinity College Cambridge]] mu 1893 ne mu ddwaliro lya Albert Ruskin Cook mu 1895 nga [[ddiguli esooka ey'obusawo .]]Yafuuka omusawo mu 1901. Mu 1896, Albert Cook yagenda e Uganda n’obutume b'[[ekibiina ky'ekkanisa eky'abaminsani ekya Church Missionaery Societ]]<nowiki/>y, era mu 1897 n’atandikawo eddwaliro ly’e Mengo, eddwaaliro erisinga obukadde mu buvanjuba bwa Afrika. Mu 1899 yeegattibwako mukulu we [[John Howard Cook]], omusawo alongoosa era omusawo omukugu mukujanjaba amaaso. Albert Cook yawasa [[Katharine Timpson]], omusawo omujanjabi (Nurse), mu 1900, gweyazaala naye abaana babiri ab’obuwala n’omulenzi. Sir Albert Cook teyali wa bulijjo mubaminsani abasawo olw’okufuba kwe okutendeka Abafirika okufuuka abakozi abakugu mu busawo . Ye ne mukyala we baaggulawo essomero ly’abazaalisa e Mengo era ne bawandiika ekitabo ekirambika abazaalisa [[Lulimi oluganda]] , olulimi lw’ekitundu (Amagezi Agokuzalisa; ekyafulumizibwa Sheldon Press, London). Albert Cook yatandika okutendeka abayambi b'abasawo Abafirika e Mulago mu kiseera kya Ssematalo eyasooka (First world war) , era mu myaka gya 1920, yakubiriza okuggulawo ettendekero ly'obusawo mu kusooka eryatendeka Abafirika okutuuka ku ddaala gavumenti y'amatwale lye yannyonnyola nga "''Asian sub-assistant surgeon''". Essomero lyakula okutuuka okufuuka essomero ly’obusawo erijjuvu mu bulamu bwe. Cook yatandikawo ekifo awajjanjabirwa [[endwadde z'ekyama ez'ekikaba]] n’obulwadde bwa [[mmongoota]] mu 1913, oluvannyuma eryafuuka eddwaliro ly’e Mulago. Yali pulezidenti w’[[Ekibiina ekigatta abasawo Abangerez|ekibiina ekigatta abasawo Abangereza]] (British Medical Association -BMA) ow'ettabi ery'e Uganda wakati wa 1914 ne 1918, mu kiseera ekyo n’atandikawo essomero ly’abasawo Abafirika abayambi . Yali pulezidenti wa The Uganda Society mu 1933-1934 nga yaddira Omulamuzi F. G. Smith mu bigere ate ye [[Edward James Wayland]] naamuddira mu bigere. == Ebitiibwa == [[File:GravesKatharineAndAlbertCook-RubagaCemeteryKampala_RomanDeckert28042024.jpg|thumb|Entaana ya Cook, wakati ku ddyo, okumpi n’eya mukyala we mu 2024.]] Cook yaweebwa engule ya Order of the British Empire<ref>https://honours.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/about/orders-and-medals/</ref> mu 1918, eya [[Compassion of the Order of St Michael and St George]] mu 1922, era n’afuna ekitiibwa kya [[Knighthood]] mu 1932. Mu 1936–37, yaddamu okubeera pulezidenti w'ekibiina ekigatta abasawo Abangereza BMA (Ettabi ery'e Uganda). Sir Albert Cook yafa nga 23 Omwezi ogwokuna 1951 mu [[Kampala]], nga wayise emyaka kkumi n’esatu nga mukyalawe afudde. Yaziikibwa okumpi n'entaana ye (Mukyala we) mu limbo ya Lutikko ya [[Lutikko ya Namirembe|St. Paul's Cathedral Namirembe]] . Ejjinja lye ery’entaana liriko ekiwandiiko nti:<blockquote>"A TRIBUTE FROM HH THE KABAKA; CHIEFS & PEOPLE ERI MUKWANO WA UGANDA OMUTUKUVU".</blockquote> == Ebijuliziddwa, == # ''This reference is defined in a template or other generated block, and for now can only be edited in source mode.'' # ''This reference is defined in a template or other generated block, and for now can only be edited in source mode.''{{Reflist|refs=<ref name="acad">{{acad|id=CK889AR|name=Cook, Albert Ruskin}}</ref> <ref name="mundus">[http://www.mundus.ac.uk/cats/16/1000.htm Cook, Sir Albert Ruskin (1870–1951) and Cook, Lady (Katharine)]. mundus.ac.uk</ref>}} == Ebyokusoma ebisingawo == * {{Cite web |title=Cook, Sir Albert Ruskin (1870–1951) and Cook, Lady (Katharine) |url=https://www.mundus.ac.uk/cats/16/1000.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031317/http://www.mundus.ac.uk/cats/16/1000.htm |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=17 January 2006}} * {{Cite journal |date=February 1930 |title=The British Journal of Nursing Supplement, February 1930 |url=http://rcnarchive.rcn.org.uk/data/VOLUME078-1930/page055-volume78-february1930.pdf |journal=The British Journal of Nursing Supplement |language=English |access-date=17 January 2006}} * ''A Doctor and his Dog in Uganda, from the Letters and Journals of A. R. Cook''. Edited by Mrs. H. B. Cook. Published by the Religious Tract Society, London. 1903. ASIN B0008A52XW * Joyce Reason, ''Safety last: The story of Albert Cook of Uganda''. London: Highway Press, 1954. ASIN B0000CJ1DK {{Protestant missions to Africa}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Abakungu wansi w'obwakabaka bwa Bungereza]] [[Category:Abaminsani Abangereza Abakulisitaayo]] [[Category:Abazaale ba 1870]] cfh8d8gdq1zl9u1vtch47yjats4ssaz 58686 58684 2026-07-03T21:36:39Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 added a category 58686 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} '''Sir Albert Ruskin Cook''', CMB, OBE (22 Omwezi ogwokusatu 1870 – 23 Omwezi ogwokuna 1951) yali Mungereza omuminsani omusawo mu Uganda, era omutandisi w' [[eddwaliro ly'e Mengo|eddwaliro ly'e Mulago]] n'[[eddwalieo ly'e Mulago|eddwaliro ly'e Mengo]] . Ng’ali wamu ne mukyala we, [[Katharine Cook,]] (1863–1938), baatandikawo essomero eritendeka abazaalisa mu Uganda.. == Emirimu gy'obusawo n'obuminsani == [[Albert Ruskin Cook]]<ref>https://dacb.org/stories/uganda/cook3-albert/</ref> yazaalibwa mu [[Hampstead]], London mu 1870. Bazadde be baali Dr. W. H. Cook ne Harriet Bickersteth Cook. Yatikkirwa ddiguli esooka okuva mu ttendekero lya [[Trinity College Cambridge]] mu 1893 ne mu ddwaliro lya Albert Ruskin Cook mu 1895 nga [[ddiguli esooka ey'obusawo .]]Yafuuka omusawo mu 1901. Mu 1896, Albert Cook yagenda e Uganda n’obutume b'[[ekibiina ky'ekkanisa eky'abaminsani ekya Church Missionaery Societ]]<nowiki/>y, era mu 1897 n’atandikawo eddwaliro ly’e Mengo, eddwaaliro erisinga obukadde mu buvanjuba bwa Afrika. Mu 1899 yeegattibwako mukulu we [[John Howard Cook]], omusawo alongoosa era omusawo omukugu mukujanjaba amaaso. Albert Cook yawasa [[Katharine Timpson]], omusawo omujanjabi (Nurse), mu 1900, gweyazaala naye abaana babiri ab’obuwala n’omulenzi. Sir Albert Cook teyali wa bulijjo mubaminsani abasawo olw’okufuba kwe okutendeka Abafirika okufuuka abakozi abakugu mu busawo . Ye ne mukyala we baaggulawo essomero ly’abazaalisa e Mengo era ne bawandiika ekitabo ekirambika abazaalisa [[Lulimi oluganda]] , olulimi lw’ekitundu (Amagezi Agokuzalisa; ekyafulumizibwa Sheldon Press, London). Albert Cook yatandika okutendeka abayambi b'abasawo Abafirika e Mulago mu kiseera kya Ssematalo eyasooka (First world war) , era mu myaka gya 1920, yakubiriza okuggulawo ettendekero ly'obusawo mu kusooka eryatendeka Abafirika okutuuka ku ddaala gavumenti y'amatwale lye yannyonnyola nga "''Asian sub-assistant surgeon''". Essomero lyakula okutuuka okufuuka essomero ly’obusawo erijjuvu mu bulamu bwe. Cook yatandikawo ekifo awajjanjabirwa [[endwadde z'ekyama ez'ekikaba]] n’obulwadde bwa [[mmongoota]] mu 1913, oluvannyuma eryafuuka eddwaliro ly’e Mulago. Yali pulezidenti w’[[Ekibiina ekigatta abasawo Abangerez|ekibiina ekigatta abasawo Abangereza]] (British Medical Association -BMA) ow'ettabi ery'e Uganda wakati wa 1914 ne 1918, mu kiseera ekyo n’atandikawo essomero ly’abasawo Abafirika abayambi . Yali pulezidenti wa The Uganda Society mu 1933-1934 nga yaddira Omulamuzi F. G. Smith mu bigere ate ye [[Edward James Wayland]] naamuddira mu bigere. == Ebitiibwa == [[File:GravesKatharineAndAlbertCook-RubagaCemeteryKampala_RomanDeckert28042024.jpg|thumb|Entaana ya Cook, wakati ku ddyo, okumpi n’eya mukyala we mu 2024.]] Cook yaweebwa engule ya Order of the British Empire<ref>https://honours.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/about/orders-and-medals/</ref> mu 1918, eya [[Compassion of the Order of St Michael and St George]] mu 1922, era n’afuna ekitiibwa kya [[Knighthood]] mu 1932. Mu 1936–37, yaddamu okubeera pulezidenti w'ekibiina ekigatta abasawo Abangereza BMA (Ettabi ery'e Uganda). Sir Albert Cook yafa nga 23 Omwezi ogwokuna 1951 mu [[Kampala]], nga wayise emyaka kkumi n’esatu nga mukyalawe afudde. Yaziikibwa okumpi n'entaana ye (Mukyala we) mu limbo ya Lutikko ya [[Lutikko ya Namirembe|St. Paul's Cathedral Namirembe]] . Ejjinja lye ery’entaana liriko ekiwandiiko nti:<blockquote>"A TRIBUTE FROM HH THE KABAKA; CHIEFS & PEOPLE ERI MUKWANO WA UGANDA OMUTUKUVU".</blockquote> == Ebijuliziddwa, == # ''This reference is defined in a template or other generated block, and for now can only be edited in source mode.'' # ''This reference is defined in a template or other generated block, and for now can only be edited in source mode.''{{Reflist|refs=<ref name="acad">{{acad|id=CK889AR|name=Cook, Albert Ruskin}}</ref> <ref name="mundus">[http://www.mundus.ac.uk/cats/16/1000.htm Cook, Sir Albert Ruskin (1870–1951) and Cook, Lady (Katharine)]. mundus.ac.uk</ref>}} == Ebyokusoma ebisingawo == * {{Cite web |title=Cook, Sir Albert Ruskin (1870–1951) and Cook, Lady (Katharine) |url=https://www.mundus.ac.uk/cats/16/1000.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031317/http://www.mundus.ac.uk/cats/16/1000.htm |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=17 January 2006}} * {{Cite journal |date=February 1930 |title=The British Journal of Nursing Supplement, February 1930 |url=http://rcnarchive.rcn.org.uk/data/VOLUME078-1930/page055-volume78-february1930.pdf |journal=The British Journal of Nursing Supplement |language=English |access-date=17 January 2006}} * ''A Doctor and his Dog in Uganda, from the Letters and Journals of A. R. Cook''. Edited by Mrs. H. B. Cook. Published by the Religious Tract Society, London. 1903. ASIN B0008A52XW * Joyce Reason, ''Safety last: The story of Albert Cook of Uganda''. London: Highway Press, 1954. ASIN B0000CJ1DK {{Protestant missions to Africa}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Abakungu wansi w'obwakabaka bwa Bungereza]] [[Category:Abaminsani Abangereza Abakulisitaayo]] [[Category:Abazaale ba 1870]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Hamstead]] 8lx7ke47z05gepvzpkol6fkk1bb1twf 58691 58686 2026-07-03T21:39:43Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 added a category 58691 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} '''Sir Albert Ruskin Cook''', CMB, OBE (22 Omwezi ogwokusatu 1870 – 23 Omwezi ogwokuna 1951) yali Mungereza omuminsani omusawo mu Uganda, era omutandisi w' [[eddwaliro ly'e Mengo|eddwaliro ly'e Mulago]] n'[[eddwalieo ly'e Mulago|eddwaliro ly'e Mengo]] . Ng’ali wamu ne mukyala we, [[Katharine Cook,]] (1863–1938), baatandikawo essomero eritendeka abazaalisa mu Uganda.. == Emirimu gy'obusawo n'obuminsani == [[Albert Ruskin Cook]]<ref>https://dacb.org/stories/uganda/cook3-albert/</ref> yazaalibwa mu [[Hampstead]], London mu 1870. Bazadde be baali Dr. W. H. Cook ne Harriet Bickersteth Cook. Yatikkirwa ddiguli esooka okuva mu ttendekero lya [[Trinity College Cambridge]] mu 1893 ne mu ddwaliro lya Albert Ruskin Cook mu 1895 nga [[ddiguli esooka ey'obusawo .]]Yafuuka omusawo mu 1901. Mu 1896, Albert Cook yagenda e Uganda n’obutume b'[[ekibiina ky'ekkanisa eky'abaminsani ekya Church Missionaery Societ]]<nowiki/>y, era mu 1897 n’atandikawo eddwaliro ly’e Mengo, eddwaaliro erisinga obukadde mu buvanjuba bwa Afrika. Mu 1899 yeegattibwako mukulu we [[John Howard Cook]], omusawo alongoosa era omusawo omukugu mukujanjaba amaaso. Albert Cook yawasa [[Katharine Timpson]], omusawo omujanjabi (Nurse), mu 1900, gweyazaala naye abaana babiri ab’obuwala n’omulenzi. Sir Albert Cook teyali wa bulijjo mubaminsani abasawo olw’okufuba kwe okutendeka Abafirika okufuuka abakozi abakugu mu busawo . Ye ne mukyala we baaggulawo essomero ly’abazaalisa e Mengo era ne bawandiika ekitabo ekirambika abazaalisa [[Lulimi oluganda]] , olulimi lw’ekitundu (Amagezi Agokuzalisa; ekyafulumizibwa Sheldon Press, London). Albert Cook yatandika okutendeka abayambi b'abasawo Abafirika e Mulago mu kiseera kya Ssematalo eyasooka (First world war) , era mu myaka gya 1920, yakubiriza okuggulawo ettendekero ly'obusawo mu kusooka eryatendeka Abafirika okutuuka ku ddaala gavumenti y'amatwale lye yannyonnyola nga "''Asian sub-assistant surgeon''". Essomero lyakula okutuuka okufuuka essomero ly’obusawo erijjuvu mu bulamu bwe. Cook yatandikawo ekifo awajjanjabirwa [[endwadde z'ekyama ez'ekikaba]] n’obulwadde bwa [[mmongoota]] mu 1913, oluvannyuma eryafuuka eddwaliro ly’e Mulago. Yali pulezidenti w’[[Ekibiina ekigatta abasawo Abangerez|ekibiina ekigatta abasawo Abangereza]] (British Medical Association -BMA) ow'ettabi ery'e Uganda wakati wa 1914 ne 1918, mu kiseera ekyo n’atandikawo essomero ly’abasawo Abafirika abayambi . Yali pulezidenti wa The Uganda Society mu 1933-1934 nga yaddira Omulamuzi F. G. Smith mu bigere ate ye [[Edward James Wayland]] naamuddira mu bigere. == Ebitiibwa == [[File:GravesKatharineAndAlbertCook-RubagaCemeteryKampala_RomanDeckert28042024.jpg|thumb|Entaana ya Cook, wakati ku ddyo, okumpi n’eya mukyala we mu 2024.]] Cook yaweebwa engule ya Order of the British Empire<ref>https://honours.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/about/orders-and-medals/</ref> mu 1918, eya [[Compassion of the Order of St Michael and St George]] mu 1922, era n’afuna ekitiibwa kya [[Knighthood]] mu 1932. Mu 1936–37, yaddamu okubeera pulezidenti w'ekibiina ekigatta abasawo Abangereza BMA (Ettabi ery'e Uganda). Sir Albert Cook yafa nga 23 Omwezi ogwokuna 1951 mu [[Kampala]], nga wayise emyaka kkumi n’esatu nga mukyalawe afudde. Yaziikibwa okumpi n'entaana ye (Mukyala we) mu limbo ya Lutikko ya [[Lutikko ya Namirembe|St. Paul's Cathedral Namirembe]] . Ejjinja lye ery’entaana liriko ekiwandiiko nti:<blockquote>"A TRIBUTE FROM HH THE KABAKA; CHIEFS & PEOPLE ERI MUKWANO WA UGANDA OMUTUKUVU".</blockquote> == Ebijuliziddwa, == # ''This reference is defined in a template or other generated block, and for now can only be edited in source mode.'' # ''This reference is defined in a template or other generated block, and for now can only be edited in source mode.''{{Reflist|refs=<ref name="acad">{{acad|id=CK889AR|name=Cook, Albert Ruskin}}</ref> <ref name="mundus">[http://www.mundus.ac.uk/cats/16/1000.htm Cook, Sir Albert Ruskin (1870–1951) and Cook, Lady (Katharine)]. mundus.ac.uk</ref>}} == Ebyokusoma ebisingawo == * {{Cite web |title=Cook, Sir Albert Ruskin (1870–1951) and Cook, Lady (Katharine) |url=https://www.mundus.ac.uk/cats/16/1000.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031317/http://www.mundus.ac.uk/cats/16/1000.htm |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=17 January 2006}} * {{Cite journal |date=February 1930 |title=The British Journal of Nursing Supplement, February 1930 |url=http://rcnarchive.rcn.org.uk/data/VOLUME078-1930/page055-volume78-february1930.pdf |journal=The British Journal of Nursing Supplement |language=English |access-date=17 January 2006}} * ''A Doctor and his Dog in Uganda, from the Letters and Journals of A. R. Cook''. Edited by Mrs. H. B. Cook. Published by the Religious Tract Society, London. 1903. ASIN B0008A52XW * Joyce Reason, ''Safety last: The story of Albert Cook of Uganda''. London: Highway Press, 1954. ASIN B0000CJ1DK {{Protestant missions to Africa}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Abakungu wansi w'obwakabaka bwa Bungereza]] [[Category:Abaminsani Abangereza Abakulisitaayo]] [[Category:Abazaale ba 1870]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Hamstead]] [[Category:Eby'obulamu mu Uganda]] 9veh10h8agyh29ynp5ag1jg9gydmg4n 58697 58691 2026-07-03T21:42:15Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 added a category 58697 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} '''Sir Albert Ruskin Cook''', CMB, OBE (22 Omwezi ogwokusatu 1870 – 23 Omwezi ogwokuna 1951) yali Mungereza omuminsani omusawo mu Uganda, era omutandisi w' [[eddwaliro ly'e Mengo|eddwaliro ly'e Mulago]] n'[[eddwalieo ly'e Mulago|eddwaliro ly'e Mengo]] . Ng’ali wamu ne mukyala we, [[Katharine Cook,]] (1863–1938), baatandikawo essomero eritendeka abazaalisa mu Uganda.. == Emirimu gy'obusawo n'obuminsani == [[Albert Ruskin Cook]]<ref>https://dacb.org/stories/uganda/cook3-albert/</ref> yazaalibwa mu [[Hampstead]], London mu 1870. Bazadde be baali Dr. W. H. Cook ne Harriet Bickersteth Cook. Yatikkirwa ddiguli esooka okuva mu ttendekero lya [[Trinity College Cambridge]] mu 1893 ne mu ddwaliro lya Albert Ruskin Cook mu 1895 nga [[ddiguli esooka ey'obusawo .]]Yafuuka omusawo mu 1901. Mu 1896, Albert Cook yagenda e Uganda n’obutume b'[[ekibiina ky'ekkanisa eky'abaminsani ekya Church Missionaery Societ]]<nowiki/>y, era mu 1897 n’atandikawo eddwaliro ly’e Mengo, eddwaaliro erisinga obukadde mu buvanjuba bwa Afrika. Mu 1899 yeegattibwako mukulu we [[John Howard Cook]], omusawo alongoosa era omusawo omukugu mukujanjaba amaaso. Albert Cook yawasa [[Katharine Timpson]], omusawo omujanjabi (Nurse), mu 1900, gweyazaala naye abaana babiri ab’obuwala n’omulenzi. Sir Albert Cook teyali wa bulijjo mubaminsani abasawo olw’okufuba kwe okutendeka Abafirika okufuuka abakozi abakugu mu busawo . Ye ne mukyala we baaggulawo essomero ly’abazaalisa e Mengo era ne bawandiika ekitabo ekirambika abazaalisa [[Lulimi oluganda]] , olulimi lw’ekitundu (Amagezi Agokuzalisa; ekyafulumizibwa Sheldon Press, London). Albert Cook yatandika okutendeka abayambi b'abasawo Abafirika e Mulago mu kiseera kya Ssematalo eyasooka (First world war) , era mu myaka gya 1920, yakubiriza okuggulawo ettendekero ly'obusawo mu kusooka eryatendeka Abafirika okutuuka ku ddaala gavumenti y'amatwale lye yannyonnyola nga "''Asian sub-assistant surgeon''". Essomero lyakula okutuuka okufuuka essomero ly’obusawo erijjuvu mu bulamu bwe. Cook yatandikawo ekifo awajjanjabirwa [[endwadde z'ekyama ez'ekikaba]] n’obulwadde bwa [[mmongoota]] mu 1913, oluvannyuma eryafuuka eddwaliro ly’e Mulago. Yali pulezidenti w’[[Ekibiina ekigatta abasawo Abangerez|ekibiina ekigatta abasawo Abangereza]] (British Medical Association -BMA) ow'ettabi ery'e Uganda wakati wa 1914 ne 1918, mu kiseera ekyo n’atandikawo essomero ly’abasawo Abafirika abayambi . Yali pulezidenti wa The Uganda Society mu 1933-1934 nga yaddira Omulamuzi F. G. Smith mu bigere ate ye [[Edward James Wayland]] naamuddira mu bigere. == Ebitiibwa == [[File:GravesKatharineAndAlbertCook-RubagaCemeteryKampala_RomanDeckert28042024.jpg|thumb|Entaana ya Cook, wakati ku ddyo, okumpi n’eya mukyala we mu 2024.]] Cook yaweebwa engule ya Order of the British Empire<ref>https://honours.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/about/orders-and-medals/</ref> mu 1918, eya [[Compassion of the Order of St Michael and St George]] mu 1922, era n’afuna ekitiibwa kya [[Knighthood]] mu 1932. Mu 1936–37, yaddamu okubeera pulezidenti w'ekibiina ekigatta abasawo Abangereza BMA (Ettabi ery'e Uganda). Sir Albert Cook yafa nga 23 Omwezi ogwokuna 1951 mu [[Kampala]], nga wayise emyaka kkumi n’esatu nga mukyalawe afudde. Yaziikibwa okumpi n'entaana ye (Mukyala we) mu limbo ya Lutikko ya [[Lutikko ya Namirembe|St. Paul's Cathedral Namirembe]] . Ejjinja lye ery’entaana liriko ekiwandiiko nti:<blockquote>"A TRIBUTE FROM HH THE KABAKA; CHIEFS & PEOPLE ERI MUKWANO WA UGANDA OMUTUKUVU".</blockquote> == Ebijuliziddwa, == # ''This reference is defined in a template or other generated block, and for now can only be edited in source mode.'' # ''This reference is defined in a template or other generated block, and for now can only be edited in source mode.''{{Reflist|refs=<ref name="acad">{{acad|id=CK889AR|name=Cook, Albert Ruskin}}</ref> <ref name="mundus">[http://www.mundus.ac.uk/cats/16/1000.htm Cook, Sir Albert Ruskin (1870–1951) and Cook, Lady (Katharine)]. mundus.ac.uk</ref>}} == Ebyokusoma ebisingawo == * {{Cite web |title=Cook, Sir Albert Ruskin (1870–1951) and Cook, Lady (Katharine) |url=https://www.mundus.ac.uk/cats/16/1000.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031317/http://www.mundus.ac.uk/cats/16/1000.htm |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=17 January 2006}} * {{Cite journal |date=February 1930 |title=The British Journal of Nursing Supplement, February 1930 |url=http://rcnarchive.rcn.org.uk/data/VOLUME078-1930/page055-volume78-february1930.pdf |journal=The British Journal of Nursing Supplement |language=English |access-date=17 January 2006}} * ''A Doctor and his Dog in Uganda, from the Letters and Journals of A. R. Cook''. Edited by Mrs. H. B. Cook. Published by the Religious Tract Society, London. 1903. ASIN B0008A52XW * Joyce Reason, ''Safety last: The story of Albert Cook of Uganda''. London: Highway Press, 1954. ASIN B0000CJ1DK {{Protestant missions to Africa}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Abakungu wansi w'obwakabaka bwa Bungereza]] [[Category:Abaminsani Abangereza Abakulisitaayo]] [[Category:Abazaale ba 1870]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Hamstead]] [[Category:Eby'obulamu mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abaafa mu 1951]] degqzzpxyj7u07tmdxipmcvkt2cefgr Abraham Luzzi 0 12445 58530 58392 2026-07-03T14:00:53Z Kisakye Jane 9195 Kisakye Jane moved page [[Abrahan Luzzi]] to [[Abraham Luzzi]] 58392 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Abraham Luzzi.jpg|thumb]] '''Abraham Luzzi''' amanyikiddwa nga '''Mr. Economy,''' Munnayuganda, musuubuzi, munabyabufuzi ate nga ayagalanyo okutumbula ebyemizannyo Emirimu gye gikwata ku by’obugagga ebiva mu ttaka, okuteekateeka n’okwongera omutindo ku mmere, eby’obulamu n’ebyentambula, eby’obulimi, ne by’obusuubuzi obw’enjawulo.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Omusunsuzi |first=Bukedde |date=2025-11-17 |title=Is Abraham Luzzi a pace setter for Kampala Central Politics? |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/emboozi/is-abraham-luzzi-a-pace-setter-for-kampala-ce-BUK_158546 |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=New Vision}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=I’m not lousy, I’m not a loser: I am Luzzi. Vote me in or shut up! - The EastAfrican |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/opinion/columnists/im-not-lousy-im-not-easy-im-luzzi-vote-me-in-for-service-5256618 |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=www.theeastafrican.co.ke}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Naimanye |first=Andrew Victor Mawanda |title=Abraham Luzzi: The Self-Made Businessman Turning Kampala Politics on Its Head |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2026-election-watch/300643/abraham-luzzi-the-self-made-businessman-turning-kampala-politics-on-its-head |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref> Ye mutaandisi wa Ssebo food industries Uganda limited ne Ssebo pure Gold and jewelry center era yaddukanya n'amakampuni amalala agali wansi wa Ssebo Internationalgroup mu Afirika, mu bulaaya,ne mu middle East<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Who is Abraham Luzzi, the outlandish candidate shaking up Kampala MP race {{!}} Pulse Uganda |url=https://www.pulse.ug/articles/news/who-is-kampala-central-mp-candidate-abraham-luzzi-2025102806505092355 |access-date=2025-11-02 |website=Pulse Uganda |language=en}}</ref> Luzzi era yennyigira mu bukulembeze bwe by’emizannyo n’okuwagira enkulaakulana y’abavubuka, ng'okubeera mu mitendera egy’obukulembeze mu Uganda Police Football Club n’okutandikawo essomero ly’emizannyo mu London.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Abdusalam |first=Kigozi |date=2021-12-07 |title=Abraham Luzzi: Police Boosts Marketing and Sales Department |url=https://chimpreports.com/abraham-luzzi-police-boosts-marketing-and-sales-department/ |access-date=2025-11-01 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Isabirye |first=David |date=2017-09-26 |title=Abraham Luzzi becomes 11th FIFA Player Intermediary in Uganda |url=https://kawowo.com/2017/09/26/abraham-luzzi-becomes-11th-fifa-player-intermediary-uganda/ |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 2022, yafuna ekiwandiiko ekimukugira okwennyigira mu mirimu gyona egyekuusa ku by'emizannyo nga kino kyamuweebwa ekitongole kya FUFA ekikwasaganya eby'empisa, okusalawo kweyawakannya mu butongole [[Ekitongole kya Federation of Uganda Football Associations|​]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-23 |title=Ethics and Disciplinary Committee bans three officials – FUFA: Federation of Uganda Football Associations |url=https://www.fufa.co.ug/ethics-and-disciplinary-committee-bans-three-officials/ |access-date=2025-11-19 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-26 |title=Fufa finally come down hard on match-fixing, hand lengthy bans |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/score/fufa-finally-come-down-hard-on-match-fixing-hand-lengthy-bans-3760850 |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Abdusalam |first=Kigozi |date=2022-03-24 |title=Luzzi Slams FUFA’s 10-Year Ban Handed to Him over Match-Fixing |url=https://chimpreports.com/luzzi-slams-fufas-10-year-ban-handed-to-him-over-match-fixing/ |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> Ng'ovudde ku mirimu gy’obusuubuzi, Luzzi yenyigira mu by’obufuzi bya Uganda. Yasooka kubeera mukwanaganya wa National Resistance Movement (NRM) mu Mityana ne Mubende, oluvannyuma navuganya ku kifo kya Ssentebe wa Palamenti owa Mityana Municipality mu 2021. Oluvannyuma yayingira mu Democratic Party nga tannaba kwesimbawo nga ttanagumira mu byabufuzi ng'omuntu.<ref name=":4" /><ref name="newvision-web-nuxt3.us-east-1.elasticbeanstalk.com">{{Cite web |title=NRM primaries loser Luzzi defects to DP |url=http://newvision-web-nuxt3.us-east-1.elasticbeanstalk.com/news/1527287/nrm-primaries-loser-luzzi-defects-dp |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=New Vision}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=2021-01-12 |title=Confusion as DP parliamentary candidate backs Museveni for presidency |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/confusion-as-dp-parliamentary-candidate-backs-museveni-for-presidency-3254710 |access-date=2025-11-01 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa 2026, yavaayo ng’omubaka okukiikirira Kampala Central nga yajjiira ku bwa namunigina, era n’afuna ettutumu lingi mu bantu olw’empaka ze ezalabika nnyo ku mikutu gya gimugatta bantu (social media), engeri gy’akwatamu abantu , awamu n'okwogera ku bintu abantu bye bagala nga okulwanyisa obwavu, okukyusizaamu enkola y’okufuga, okuteekateeka by’ensimbi by'eggwanga, n’enteekateeka z’okulambulula obulungi ekibuga.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=Naimanye |first=Andrew Victor Mawanda |title=“Mr. Economy” Abraham Luzzi Pledges Transparent, Digital-First Leadership for Kampala Central |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/index.php/news/301671/mr-economy-abraham-luzzi-pledges-transparent-digital-first-leadership-for-kampala-central |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-14 |title=Amos Wekesa, Kin Kariisa praise Abraham Luzzi’s economic vision |url=https://www.pulse.ug/story/amos-wekesa-kin-kariisa-praise-abraham-luzzis-economic-vision-2025111416051482496 |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=Pulse Uganda |language=en}}</ref> Manifesito yali eraga ebikolebwa ng’okukendeeza ku bunene n’omuwendo gwa Palamenti, okugaziya enkola za digito ez’okuweereza gavumenti, okutereeza ebibonerezo by’emisango emitonotono, n’okuleeta ebibonerezo ebikakali eri enguzi, ebifo ebipya ebireteddwa okusooka okubaganyibwako ebirowoozo okw’amaanyi mu lujjudde. Omubala gwe ogwa kampeyini, “Sarah muwanvu,” ng’ajuliza mukyala we Sarah Luzzi, gwafuuka ensonga enkulu ennyo mu bubaka bwe obw’ebyobufuzi n’okubeera ku yintaneeti.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Writer |first=JAVIRA SSEBWAMI {{!}} PML Daily Staff |date=2025-11-08 |title=Luzzi Unveils Wide-Ranging Reform Agenda for Kampala |url=https://pmldaily.com/news/2025/11/luzzi-unveils-wide-ranging-reform-agenda-for-kampala.html |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=PML Daily |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":7" /> == Obuto bwe n’Ebyenjigiriza == Abraham Luzzi mutabani wa Hajj Badru Kafuuma omutuuze w’e Kakiri Luwunga mu Busiro mu [[Wakiso (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Wakiso]], wa kika kya Nsusu, n’omugenzi Hadijah Nantaba, nga yava ku kyalo Kibanga e Bukandula mu Disitulikiti y’e Gomba okuva mu lunyiriri lw’omugenzi Kalfane Gwayambadde ow’ekika ky’e Ffumbe.<ref name=":1" /> Pulayimale yagisomera ku masomero gaSOS Hermann Gmeiner mu kakiri, siniya yagisomera ku Kawempe Muslim Secondary School, Mityana Secondary School, ne Lubiri Secondary School.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sseggiriinya |first=Mark Peter |date=2025-10-31 |title=Hon Luzzi, Sarah is Tall – Sqoop |url=https://www.sqoop.co.ug/202510/four-one-one/hon-luzzi-sarah-is-tall.html |access-date=2025-11-01 |website=Sqoop – Uganda Entertainment News |language=en-US}}</ref> Luzzi yasoma [[Ebyobuzimbe|Physics]], [[Ebyobuziba|Chemistry]], [[Essomabiramu|Biology]], ne [[Ekibalangulo|Mathematics]] ku daala lya Advanced Level oluvannyuma ne yeegatta ku Mulago Paramedical Schools okusoma Orthopedic Medicine.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Who is Abraham Luzzi – Pulse Uganda |url=https://www.pulse.ug/articles/news/who-is-kampala-central-mp-candidate-abraham-luzzi-2025102806505092355 |access-date=2025-11-02 |website=Pulse Uganda}}</ref> Oluvannyuma yegatta ku [[Nkumba University|NkumbaYunivasite]], gye yafunira diguli ye esooka mu by’okugula ebintu n’okuddukanya emirimu. Mu kiseera kino asoma diguli mu mateeka ng'agisomera ku Victoria University Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ssejjombwe |first=Isaac |date=2018-02-27 |title=Abraham Luzzi finds solace in sports academy – Sqoop |url=https://www.sqoop.co.ug/201802/four-one-one/abraham-luzzi-finds-solace-sports-academy.html |access-date=2025-11-02 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Luzzi musuubuzi nga ssente aziteeka mu bintu eby’enjawulo, omuli [[Zzaabu|okusuubula zaabu]] n’okusima omusenyu, okusima amayinja, alima ebintu by'okutunda, okulima enjaga y'eddagala mu nnima ey'enjawulo (Medicinal canarbis farming), okukola n'okuwereza ebintu ebifuluma ebweru,contract financing,okukyusa ensimbi (forex), okwongera ku birime omutindo, oblambuzi, n'ebyentambula.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ruby |first=Josh |date=2025-11-08 |title=Meet Abraham Luzzi, the Independent Candidate for Kampala Central MP (2026–2031) |url=https://mbu.ug/2025/11/08/abraham-luzzi-kampala-mp-candidate/ |access-date=2025-11-11 |website=MBU |language=en-US}}</ref> kwebyo era yennyigira ne mumirimu emiralala nga, akola emirimu gy’okutambuza ebintu, okugogola, n’okuweereza, n’emirimu emirala.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Naimanye |first=Andrew Victor Mawanda |title=Abraham Luzzi: The Self-Made Businessman Turning Kampala Politics on Its Head |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2026-election-watch/300643/abraham-luzzi:-the-self-made-businessman-turning-kampala-politics-on-its-head |access-date=2025-11-11 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref> Ono ye yatandikawo era nannyini Ssebo Food Industries Uganda Ltd, kkampuni ekuguse mu kulongoosa eby’obulimi mu bungi n’okukola emmere, gamba nga Ssebo Pure Maize Flour. Ekirala, awereza nga nannyini Ssebo Pure [[Zzaabu|Gold]] and Jewelry Center, esangibwa ku Serena Hotel mu [[Kampala]]. Ekifo kino eky’ebyokwewunda essira kisinga kulissa ku kusuubula n’okukola dizayini ya [[Zzaabu|zaabu]] ow’omutindo n’ebintu eby’okwewunda ebirala. Luzzi yeenyigira mu kulimisa ebyuma n’okutumbula amakolero g’ebyobulimi, ng’essira aliteeka ku nkola z’ebyobulimi ez’omulembe n’okutumbula omuwendo gw’emmere.<ref name=":2" /> Ebitongole bye bikolera mu mawanga nga [[Yuganda|Uganda]], [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]], n’amawanga amalala nga [[South Africa]], [[Amerika|United States of America]], Canada, [[Great Britain|Bungereza]], [[Cayina|China]], ne United Arab Emirates (Dubai).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=admini |date=2025-10-24 |title=Abraham Luzzi: The Internet Sensation Promising To Transform Kampala Central |url=https://theinsider.ug/index.php/2025/10/24/abraham-luzzi-the-internet-sensation-promising-to-transform-kampala-central/ |access-date=2025-11-01 |website=The Insider |language=en-US}}</ref> Awereza nga ssentebe w’ekibiina kya Ssebo International Group, mwe yayita n’okutandikawo ettendekero ly’ebyemizannyo e Hammersmith, North West London, okuwagira abavubuka ba Uganda ab’emyaka 10 okutuuka ku 16.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ssejjombwe |first=Isaac |date=2018-02-27 |title=Abraham Luzzi finds solace in sports academy - Sqoop |url=https://www.sqoop.co.ug/201802/four-one-one/abraham-luzzi-finds-solace-sports-academy.html |access-date=2025-11-02 |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 2019, yali omu ku baawaayo ssente za Ttiimu ya Ssingo Ssaza mu mpaka za Airtel Masaza Football Championship.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Isabirye |first=David |date=2019-05-20 |title=Abraham Luzzi: Ssingo is favourite to retain the Airtel Masaza football trophy |url=https://kawowo.com/2019/05/20/abraham-luzzi-ssingo-is-favourite-to-retain-the-airtel-masaza-football-trophy/ |access-date=2025-11-02 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 2021, yalondebwa okuba kiyunzi n'okuddukanya Uganda Police Football Club era nga yaliko akulira okutawuluza obutabanguko mu bantu.<ref name=":3" /> Mu mwaka gwe gumu, yawandiikira ekibiina [[Ekitongole kya Federation of Uganda Football Associations|ekifuga omupiira mu ggwanga ekya Federation of Uganda Football Associations]] (FUFA), ng’asaba okwekenneenya n’okukyusa mu mateeka agafuga okukyusa abazannyi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-31 |title=Police FC's Abraham Luzzi requests FUFA to adopt new transfer legislation |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/other-sport/police-fc-s-abraham-luzzi-requests-fufa-to-adopt-new-transfer-legislation-3668784 |access-date=2025-11-01 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2022, Luzzi yawerebwa okwetaba mu mirimu egyekuusa ku mupiira ku mutendera gw’eggwanga n’ensi yonna okumala emyaka kkumi. Abakungu abalala abawerebwa ku mabbali ge kwaliko munnamawulire David Isabirye ne James Kaweesa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kazibwe |first=Kenneth |title=Two Ugandan officials banned from football for 25 years over match fixing |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/130024/two-ugandan-officials-banned-from-football-for-25-years-over-match-fixing |access-date=2025-11-01 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref> Akakiiko ka [[Ekitongole kya Federation of Uganda Football Associations|FUFA]] akakwasisa empisa n’okukangavvula kabasaako omusango gw’okugatta emipiira.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-26 |title=Fufa finally come down hard on match-fixing, hand lengthy bans |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/score/fufa-finally-come-down-hard-on-match-fixing-hand-lengthy-bans-3760850 |access-date=2025-11-01 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Wadde nga kyasalibwawo kityo, Luzzi yejjulira mu kooti, n’asigala nga talina musango era n’alumiriza nti omusango guno gwali gwa byabufuzi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kazibwe |first=Kenneth |title=Ugandan referee handed 10-year ban over match-fixing |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/featured/168000/ugandan-referee-handed-10-year-ban-over-match-fixing |access-date=2025-11-02 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref> Luzzi era yawerezaako ng’omukung’anya w’ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) mu disitulikiti y’e Mityana ne Mubende. Mu kulonda kwa 2021, yavuganya ku kifo ky’omubaka wa Palamenti ng’akiikirira Mityana Munisipaali wansi wa w'ekibiina kya NRM kyokka n’awangulwa Bugembe John Mary mu kalulu k’ekibiina.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Loser in NRM primaries joins DP |url=http://newvision-web-nuxt3.us-east-1.elasticbeanstalk.com/news/1527252/loser-nrm-primaries-joins-dp |access-date=2025-11-01 |website=New Vision}}</ref> Oluvannyuma yalumiriza ekibiina kya NRM okukola okubba akalulu era ne yeegatta ku kibiina kya Democratic Party (DP) n’ekigendererwa eky’okuggyako Owek. Francis Zaake ow'ekibiina kya National Unity Platform (NUP).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-10 |title=Mityana municipality DP candidate abandons Mao, campaigns for Museveni |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/mityana-municipality-dp-candidate-abandons-mao-campaigns-for-museveni/ |access-date=2025-11-01 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> Kyokka mu kampeyini ze mu kibiina kya DP, oluvannyuma yalabibwako ng’awagira owa NRM eyali yeesimbyewo ku bwapulezidenti.<ref name=":5" /> Yeesimbawo ku kifo ky'omubaka wa Palamenti ng'akiikirira Kampala Central Division ng'avuganya ku bwannamunigina.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Abraham Luzzi: Lousy Voters Get Lousy Leaders – Uganda Radio Network |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.com/s/abraham-luzzi-lousy-voters-get-lousy-leaders/ |access-date=2025-11-01 |language=en-US}}</ref> Endowooza ye ey’ebyobufuzi yalimu ennongoosereza; ye muwagizi w’enkyukakyuka okuva mu nkola eriwo. Omubala gwe mu kampeyini, “Sarah muwanvu,” gujuliza mukyala we Sarah Luzzi.<ref name=":0" /> Abalala abesimbawo ku kifo kye kimu kwaliko eyakwatira NUP bendera, Lewis Rubongoya, Hon. Minsa Kabanda, Suzan Kushaba, ne Moses Muhangi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Namwanje |first=Salmah |title=Tough Battle Brewing in Kampala Central as Rubongoya, Muhangi, and Kabanda Clash |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/index.php/2026-election-watch/296352/tough-battle-brewing-in-kampala-central-as-rubongoya,-muhangi,-and-kabanda-clash |access-date=2025-11-01 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref> Kabanda yawangula akalulu kano era Luzzi neyeyama okolera wamu naye == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * [https://observer.ug/news/fufa-suspends-6-players-3-referees-over-match-fixing/ Observer Uganda – FUFA eyimirizza abazannyi 6 ne baddiifiri 3 olw’okutereeza emipiira] * [https://www.pulse.ug/articles/news/who-is-kampala-central-mp-candidate-abraham-luzzi-2025102806505092355 Pulse Uganda – Ani Abraham Luzzi eyeesimbyewo ku mubaka wa Kampala Central] * [https://theinvestigatornews.com/2024/11/mengoleaks-reloaded-how-kiwaani-queen-mother-outsmarted-mengo-establishment-falsely-obtained-a-huge-estate-before-selling-it-to-near-zero/ Omunoonyereza – Mengoleaks Reloaded] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abannayuganda abayisiramu]] [[Category:Abamanyi abayitirako mu Nkumba Yun ivasite]] [[Category:Abaganda]] [[Category:Bannabizinensi mu Yuganda]] gq243mkxjstvkc4hm7r89v70viaysa5 A Pass 0 13123 58726 56889 2026-07-04T10:50:11Z Kinenkey 10423 Nyongeddemu Databox 58726 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''<big>Alexander Bagonza</big>''', amanyiddwa nnyo [[:en:Stage_name|n'erinnya lye erya siteegi]] '''A Pass''' (era eyali '''APassKiller''' ),Munnayuganda, muyimbi era muwandiisi wa nnyimba. Yazaalibwa mu [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] nga 21 omwezi Ogw'ekumi nebiri mu mwaka gwa 1989.<ref name="chano8.com">{{cite web |title=All You Need To Know About Rising Star A Pass |url=http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/ |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Chano8 Digital Magazine |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402025154/http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A Pass egamba nti erinnya lye erya siteegi liva ku Alexander erinnya lye erisooka era Pass okuva eri Picky erinya epatike Percy.<ref>{{cite web |author=satisfashionug |title=A Pass talks music fashion women and being cool |url=http://www.satisfashionug.com/a-pass-talks-music-fashion-women-and-being-cool/ |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=SatisFashion Uganda}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Llolypop Records - Events Organisers, Promoters and Marketing |url=http://www.llolypop.com/apass.php/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402140550/http://www.llolypop.com/apass.php/ |archive-date=2 April 2015 |accessdate=26 March 2015 |publisher= |df=dmy-all}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe n’okusoma kwe == A Pass yazaalibwa nga 21 omwezi Ogw'ekumi nebiri mu mwaka gwa 1989 era ye mwana ow'okubiri mu maka g’abantu musanvu. Obuto bwe yasomera ku Kampala Kindergarten,pulayimale ye ku Nakasero Primary School, Merryland High Schools, ne St Lawrence, Cream land gyeyasomera siniya ye.<ref name="chano8.com"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Meet A Pass' dad that has supported him in the music industry |url=http://bigeye.ug/photo-meet-a-pass-dad-that-has-supported-him-in-the-music-industry/ |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Bigeye.ug}}</ref> == Omulimu gw’okuyimba == A Pass yatandika okuyimba ng’omuntu yenna agenda mu kkanisa owa bulijjo kyokka ekitone kye yakikulaakulanya nnyo ku ssomero. Oluvannyuma yagenda mu situdiyo mu mwaka gwa 2003 mu situdiyo ye eyasooka teyasobola oluyimba wabula yasobola okufuna ebivuga byokka. Oluvannyuma A Pass yakomawo mu situdiyo oluvannyuma lw’emyaka mitono bwe yasisinkana mukwano gwe ayitibwa Eddy eyamukubiriza okwongera okuyimba mu ngeri ey’ekikugu. A Pass yakola enkolagana ey’amaanyi mu by’okuyimba ne Dave Dash mu kiseera ekyo eyali amanyikiddwa nga A Dash era bombi baakola ennyimba ezenjawulo nga bali bombi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Apass {{!}} West Nile xpozed |url=https://www.westnilebiz.com/artist/10/apass |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=westnilexpozed.com}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2011, yasisinkana dayirekita wa vidiyo [[:en:Lukyamuzi_Bashir|Lukyamuzi Bashir]] eyalaba ekitone kye mu bugwanjuba Syde mu situdiyo jebayimbira. Bashir yatandika okumutwala mu situdiyo ez’enjawulo okwetoloola eggwanga n’okumwanjula mu bantu ab’enjawulo ab’amaanyi mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. Mu mwaka gwa 2012, BADI yazimba situdiyo y’okukwata ennyimba e Makindye eyitibwa Badi Musik Production. BADI yagenda mu maaso n’okwata vidiyo za A Pass mu mwaka gwa 2013, ekyayongera amanyi mukutumbula ekitone kye. Mu kiseera kino A Pass eriko omukono era eddukanyizibwa kkampuni ya LLolypop Entertainment.<ref name=":0"/> A Pass akoze na bafulumya omuziki abawerako mu mutindo gwa Reggae ne Dancehall omuli Alex okuva e Jamaica (A.I.P), Black Spyda okuva e Jamaica, Nessim (Badi Musik), Baru (DustVille), Timo (Badi Musik), Just Jose (Swangz Avenue), [[:en:Benon_Mugumbya|Benon Mugumbya]], (Swangz Avenue), Nash ( [[:en:Swangz_Avenue|Swangz Avenue]] ), N'omugenzi Mac Elvis (South Syde), . Keyner (K Records), Samurae (Talent 256), Don (DustVille) n’abalala abawerako. A Pass egamba nti afuna okusikirizibwa okuva ku muziki omuli dancehall, reggae, Rnb, hip hop ne afro pop okuva mu bayimbi nga [[:en:Michael_Jackson|Michael Jackson]], [[:en:Lucky_Dube|Lucky Dube]], [[:en:UB40|UB40]] n’abalala bangi. A Pass ekoze n’abayimbi ab’enjawulo omuli, [[:en:A.Y._(musician)|A.Y. (omuyimbi)]], [[:en:Radio_&_Weasel|Goodlyfe]] okuva mu Uganda ne [[:en:Cinderella_Sanyu|Cinderella Sanyu]] n’abalala bangi.<ref>{{cite web |title=A Pass to release new video featuring AY and AirporTaxi soon |url=http://bigeye.ug/pass-release-new-video-featuring-ay-airportaxi-soon/ |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Bigeye.ug}}</ref> A Pass awandikidde [[:en:Bebe_Cool|Bebe Cool]] enyimba<ref>{{cite web |title=Singer A Pass Pockets Shs2M For Bebe Cool's New Hit |url=http://xclusive.co.ug/2014/12/04/singer-pass-pockets-shs2m-bebe-cools-hit/ |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Xclusive.co.ug |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402130501/http://xclusive.co.ug/2014/12/04/singer-pass-pockets-shs2m-bebe-cools-hit/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> era yawandiise wamu ne Michael Ross oluyimba ‘Love I Feel’.<ref>{{cite web |title=Micheal Ross Opens Up About 'Love I Feel' - Chano8 |url=http://chano8.com/micheal-ross-opens-love-feel//\ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404100615/http://chano8.com/micheal-ross-opens-love-feel/ |archive-date=4 April 2015 |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Chano8 Digital Magazine}}</ref> Gye buvuddeko yafulumya oluyimba lwa ''Wuuyo'' oluyimba olutongole olwa firimu y'ekina Uganda [[:en:Bala_Bala_Sese|Bala Bala Sese]] eyakolebwa [[:en:Usama_Mukwaya|Usama Mukwaya]].<ref>{{cite web |title=A pass' Wuuyo Soundtrack For The Bala Bala Sese Movie - Chano8 |url=http://chano8.com/a-pass-wuuyo-soundtrack-for-the-bala-bala-sese-movie/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421164935/http://chano8.com/a-pass-wuuyo-soundtrack-for-the-bala-bala-sese-movie/ |archive-date=21 April 2016 |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Chano8 Digital Magazine}}</ref> A Pass amanyiddwa nnyo nga okukola ne mukwano gwe ne producer Nessim era ne producer wa vidiyo [[:en:Lukyamuzi_Bashir|Lukyamuzi Bashir]] wansi w’ekitongole ekikuba ennyimba ekya Badi Musik. === Ekivvulu kya Maiden === Ogw'oluberyeberye nga 31,mu mwaka gwa 2025, A Pass yategeka ekivvulu kye ekyasooka nga ye yekka, ''A Pass Live in Concert'', ku [[:en:Kampala_Serena_Hotel|wooteri mukibuga ekikulu Kampala Serena Hotel]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Benjie |date=2025-01-31 |title=A Pass urges fellow artists to support, not perform at concert |url=https://mbu.ug/2025/01/31/a-pass-urges-musicians-to-support-not-perform/?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2025-02-06 |website=MBU |language=en-US}}</ref> Omukolo guno gwalimu okuyimba obutereevu ennyimba ze ez’amaanyi era nga gwetabwaako bayimbi banne.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-18 |title=All Is Set For A Pass Live In Concert 2025 Success |url=https://kampalaedgetimes.com/all-is-set-for-a-pass-live-in-concert-2025/?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2025-02-06 |website=kampalaedgetimes.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Okuteekateeka kwatandika ku nkomerero y'omwaka 2024, n'okwegezaamu okwalimu bbandi y'okuberawo mubuntu. Ekivvulu kino kyawagirwa abawagizi b’ebitongole era kyafuna okudibwamu okulungi okuva mu balabi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Joshua |first=Mwesigwa |date=2025-01-20 |title=A Pass Live In Concert: A Celebration of Musical Excellence on January 31, 2025 - Nymy Net |url=https://nymynet.com/a-pass-live-in-concert-a-celebration-of-musical-excellence-on-january-31-2025/ |access-date=2025-03-15 |website=Nymy Net |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Ennyimba ze == === Alubaamu z'ennyimba === * Nva Kampala (2016) Omuntu w'abantu. * [[A Pass|Omufirika Yayo]] (2018) * Bagonza (2024) Omuwandiisi w’ebitabo. * [https://music.apple.com/ug/album/a-pass/1785177179 Okuyita] (2025) === Ze yayimba n'abayimbi abalala === * ''Nah normal'' ne [[:en:Radio_&_Weasel|Radio & Weasel]] * ''Am Loving'' ne Don Mc ne [[:en:Cinderella_Sanyu|Cinderella Sanyu]] * ''Flair'' yange ne Patrobas * ''Amatu Maggale'' ne Tasha Batabazi * ''AIP Cyber'' nga erina AIP * ''Twala Obudde bw'okuwummula'' ne The Mith * ''Omukozi w'obuzibu'' ne Ekky * ''Ebijjukizo'' ne [[:en:Lillian_Mbabazi|Lillian Mbabazi]] * ''GAMULULU REMIX Ft [[:en:Konshens|Konshens]]''<ref>{{Cite news|author=Staff Writer|date=April 11, 2016|title=Facts & Review Of Gamululu Remix Video By A Pass And Konshens|pages=1|work=RedPepper|url=https://redpepper.co.ug/facts-review-of-gamululu-remix-video-by-a-pass-and-konshens/64159/|access-date=April 11, 2016}}</ref> Omusajja Omulala Omulala. * Face Me ne [[:en:Azawi|Azawi]]<ref>{{Cite news|last=Josh|first=Ruby|date=October 10, 2021|title=Impressive! Azawi’s ‘African Music’ album already taking huge strides|pages=1|work=Mbu|url=https://mbu.ug/2021/10/10/impressive-azawis-african-music-album-already-taking-huge-strides/|access-date=October 10, 2021}}</ref> == Obukuubagano == Wabaddewo obutakkaanya obutaggwa wakati wa A Pass n'abayimbi abalala mu [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] . * Obutakanya ne [[:en:Bebe_Cool|Bebe Cool]]<ref>{{cite web |author=Habre Muriisa |date=11 Aug 2017 |title=A Pass Speaks Out On Alleged Beef With Bebe Cool |url=http://chano8.com/pass-speaks-alleged-beef-bebe-cool/ |accessdate=29 March 2019 |publisher=Chano8 Digital Magazine |language=en |archive-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813002810/https://chano8.com/pass-speaks-alleged-beef-bebe-cool/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[:en:List_of_Ugandan_musicians|Olukalala lw'abayimbi ba Uganda]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa w'abweru wa wikipedia == tdke2v2d0nib8mhanjmhg9j2jh41di5 58727 58726 2026-07-04T10:56:47Z Kinenkey 10423 Nterezeeza Wiki-linking 58727 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''<big>Alexander Bagonza</big>''', amanyiddwa nnyo [[:lg:Stage_name|n'erinnya lye erya siteegi]] '''A Pass''' (era eyali '''APassKiller''' ),Munnayuganda, muyimbi era muwandiisi wa nnyimba. Yazaalibwa mu [[:lg:Uganda|Uganda]] nga 21 omwezi Ogw'ekumi nebiri mu mwaka gwa 1989.<ref name="chano8.com">{{cite web |title=All You Need To Know About Rising Star A Pass |url=http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/ |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Chano8 Digital Magazine |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402025154/http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A Pass egamba nti erinnya lye erya siteegi liva ku Alexander erinnya lye erisooka era Pass okuva eri Picky erinya epatike Percy.<ref>{{cite web |author=satisfashionug |title=A Pass talks music fashion women and being cool |url=http://www.satisfashionug.com/a-pass-talks-music-fashion-women-and-being-cool/ |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=SatisFashion Uganda}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Llolypop Records - Events Organisers, Promoters and Marketing |url=http://www.llolypop.com/apass.php/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402140550/http://www.llolypop.com/apass.php/ |archive-date=2 April 2015 |accessdate=26 March 2015 |publisher= |df=dmy-all}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe n’okusoma kwe == A Pass yazaalibwa nga 21 omwezi Ogw'ekumi nebiri mu mwaka gwa 1989 era ye mwana ow'okubiri mu maka g’abantu musanvu. Obuto bwe yasomera ku Kampala Kindergarten,pulayimale ye ku Nakasero Primary School, Merryland High Schools, ne St Lawrence, Cream land gyeyasomera siniya ye.<ref name="chano8.com"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Meet A Pass' dad that has supported him in the music industry |url=http://bigeye.ug/photo-meet-a-pass-dad-that-has-supported-him-in-the-music-industry/ |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Bigeye.ug}}</ref> == Omulimu gw’okuyimba == A Pass yatandika okuyimba ng’omuntu yenna agenda mu kkanisa owa bulijjo kyokka ekitone kye yakikulaakulanya nnyo ku ssomero. Oluvannyuma yagenda mu situdiyo mu mwaka gwa 2003 mu situdiyo ye eyasooka teyasobola oluyimba wabula yasobola okufuna ebivuga byokka. Oluvannyuma A Pass yakomawo mu situdiyo oluvannyuma lw’emyaka mitono bwe yasisinkana mukwano gwe ayitibwa Eddy eyamukubiriza okwongera okuyimba mu ngeri ey’ekikugu. A Pass yakola enkolagana ey’amaanyi mu by’okuyimba ne Dave Dash mu kiseera ekyo eyali amanyikiddwa nga A Dash era bombi baakola ennyimba ezenjawulo nga bali bombi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Apass {{!}} West Nile xpozed |url=https://www.westnilebiz.com/artist/10/apass |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=westnilexpozed.com}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2011, yasisinkana dayirekita wa vidiyo [[:lg:Lukyamuzi_Bashir|Lukyamuzi Bashir]] eyalaba ekitone kye mu bugwanjuba Syde mu situdiyo jebayimbira. Bashir yatandika okumutwala mu situdiyo ez’enjawulo okwetoloola eggwanga n’okumwanjula mu bantu ab’enjawulo ab’amaanyi mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. Mu mwaka gwa 2012, BADI yazimba situdiyo y’okukwata ennyimba e Makindye eyitibwa Badi Musik Production. BADI yagenda mu maaso n’okwata vidiyo za A Pass mu mwaka gwa 2013, ekyayongera amanyi mukutumbula ekitone kye. Mu kiseera kino A Pass eriko omukono era eddukanyizibwa kkampuni ya LLolypop Entertainment.<ref name=":0"/> A Pass akoze na bafulumya omuziki abawerako mu mutindo gwa Reggae ne Dancehall omuli Alex okuva e Jamaica (A.I.P), Black Spyda okuva e Jamaica, Nessim (Badi Musik), Baru (DustVille), Timo (Badi Musik), Just Jose (Swangz Avenue), [[:lg:Benon_Mugumbya|Benon Mugumbya]], (Swangz Avenue), Nash ( [[:lg:Swangz_Avenue|Swangz Avenue]] ), N'omugenzi Mac Elvis (South Syde), . Keyner (K Records), Samurae (Talent 256), Don (DustVille) n’abalala abawerako. A Pass egamba nti afuna okusikirizibwa okuva ku muziki omuli dancehall, reggae, Rnb, hip hop ne afro pop okuva mu bayimbi nga [[:lg:Michael_Jackson|Michael Jackson]], [[:lg:Lucky_Dube|Lucky Dube]], [[:lg:UB40|UB40]] n’abalala bangi. A Pass ekoze n’abayimbi ab’enjawulo omuli, [[:lg:A.Y._(musician)|A.Y. (omuyimbi)]], [[:lg:Radio_&_Weasel|Goodlyfe]] okuva mu Uganda ne [[:lg:Cinderella_Sanyu|Cinderella Sanyu]] n’abalala bangi.<ref>{{cite web |title=A Pass to release new video featuring AY and AirporTaxi soon |url=http://bigeye.ug/pass-release-new-video-featuring-ay-airportaxi-soon/ |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Bigeye.ug}}</ref> A Pass awandikidde [[:lg:Bebe_Cool|Bebe Cool]] enyimba<ref>{{cite web |title=Singer A Pass Pockets Shs2M For Bebe Cool's New Hit |url=http://xclusive.co.ug/2014/12/04/singer-pass-pockets-shs2m-bebe-cools-hit/ |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Xclusive.co.ug |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402130501/http://xclusive.co.ug/2014/12/04/singer-pass-pockets-shs2m-bebe-cools-hit/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> era yawandiise wamu ne Michael Ross oluyimba ‘Love I Feel’.<ref>{{cite web |title=Micheal Ross Opens Up About 'Love I Feel' - Chano8 |url=http://chano8.com/micheal-ross-opens-love-feel//\ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404100615/http://chano8.com/micheal-ross-opens-love-feel/ |archive-date=4 April 2015 |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Chano8 Digital Magazine}}</ref> Gye buvuddeko yafulumya oluyimba lwa ''Wuuyo'' oluyimba olutongole olwa firimu y'ekina Uganda [[:lg:Bala_Bala_Sese|Bala Bala Sese]] eyakolebwa [[:lg:Usama_Mukwaya|Usama Mukwaya]].<ref>{{cite web |title=A pass' Wuuyo Soundtrack For The Bala Bala Sese Movie - Chano8 |url=http://chano8.com/a-pass-wuuyo-soundtrack-for-the-bala-bala-sese-movie/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421164935/http://chano8.com/a-pass-wuuyo-soundtrack-for-the-bala-bala-sese-movie/ |archive-date=21 April 2016 |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Chano8 Digital Magazine}}</ref> A Pass amanyiddwa nnyo nga okukola ne mukwano gwe ne producer Nessim era ne producer wa vidiyo [[:lg:Lukyamuzi_Bashir|Lukyamuzi Bashir]] wansi w’ekitongole ekikuba ennyimba ekya Badi Musik. === Ekivvulu kya Maiden === Ogw'oluberyeberye nga 31,mu mwaka gwa 2025, A Pass yategeka ekivvulu kye ekyasooka nga ye yekka, ''A Pass Live in Concert'', ku [[:lg:Kampala_Serena_Hotel|wooteri mukibuga ekikulu Kampala Serena Hotel]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Benjie |date=2025-01-31 |title=A Pass urges fellow artists to support, not perform at concert |url=https://mbu.ug/2025/01/31/a-pass-urges-musicians-to-support-not-perform/?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2025-02-06 |website=MBU |language=en-US}}</ref> Omukolo guno gwalimu okuyimba obutereevu ennyimba ze ez’amaanyi era nga gwetabwaako bayimbi banne.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-18 |title=All Is Set For A Pass Live In Concert 2025 Success |url=https://kampalaedgetimes.com/all-is-set-for-a-pass-live-in-concert-2025/?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2025-02-06 |website=kampalaedgetimes.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Okuteekateeka kwatandika ku nkomerero y'omwaka 2024, n'okwegezaamu okwalimu bbandi y'okuberawo mubuntu. Ekivvulu kino kyawagirwa abawagizi b’ebitongole era kyafuna okudibwamu okulungi okuva mu balabi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Joshua |first=Mwesigwa |date=2025-01-20 |title=A Pass Live In Concert: A Celebration of Musical Excellence on January 31, 2025 - Nymy Net |url=https://nymynet.com/a-pass-live-in-concert-a-celebration-of-musical-excellence-on-january-31-2025/ |access-date=2025-03-15 |website=Nymy Net |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Ennyimba ze == === Alubaamu z'ennyimba === * Nva Kampala (2016) Omuntu w'abantu. * [[A Pass|Omufirika Yayo]] (2018) * Bagonza (2024) Omuwandiisi w’ebitabo. * [https://music.apple.com/ug/album/a-pass/1785177179 Okuyita] (2025) === Ze yayimba n'abayimbi abalala === * ''Nah normal'' ne [[:lg:Radio_&_Weasel|Radio & Weasel]] * ''Am Loving'' ne Don Mc ne [[:lg:Cinderella_Sanyu|Cinderella Sanyu]] * ''Flair'' yange ne Patrobas * ''Amatu Maggale'' ne Tasha Batabazi * ''AIP Cyber'' nga erina AIP * ''Twala Obudde bw'okuwummula'' ne The Mith * ''Omukozi w'obuzibu'' ne Ekky * ''Ebijjukizo'' ne [[:lg:Lillian_Mbabazi|Lillian Mbabazi]] * ''GAMULULU REMIX Ft [[:lg:Konshens|Konshens]]''<ref>{{Cite news|author=Staff Writer|date=April 11, 2016|title=Facts & Review Of Gamululu Remix Video By A Pass And Konshens|pages=1|work=RedPepper|url=https://redpepper.co.ug/facts-review-of-gamululu-remix-video-by-a-pass-and-konshens/64159/|access-date=April 11, 2016}}</ref> Omusajja Omulala Omulala. * Face Me ne [[:lg:Azawi|Azawi]]<ref>{{Cite news|last=Josh|first=Ruby|date=October 10, 2021|title=Impressive! Azawi’s ‘African Music’ album already taking huge strides|pages=1|work=Mbu|url=https://mbu.ug/2021/10/10/impressive-azawis-african-music-album-already-taking-huge-strides/|access-date=October 10, 2021}}</ref> == Obukuubagano == Wabaddewo obutakkaanya obutaggwa wakati wa A Pass n'abayimbi abalala mu [[:lg:Uganda|Uganda]] . * Obutakanya ne [[:lg:Bebe_Cool|Bebe Cool]]<ref>{{cite web |author=Habre Muriisa |date=11 Aug 2017 |title=A Pass Speaks Out On Alleged Beef With Bebe Cool |url=http://chano8.com/pass-speaks-alleged-beef-bebe-cool/ |accessdate=29 March 2019 |publisher=Chano8 Digital Magazine |language=en |archive-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813002810/https://chano8.com/pass-speaks-alleged-beef-bebe-cool/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[:lg:List_of_Ugandan_musicians|Olukalala lw'abayimbi ba Uganda]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa w'abweru wa wikipedia == 756vabe6ayc0pwztqc8q2jgaqavd19o 58728 58727 2026-07-04T11:23:58Z Kinenkey 10423 Nterezeeza Enyimba ze 58728 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''<big>Alexander Bagonza</big>''', amanyiddwa nnyo [[:lg:Stage_name|n'erinnya lye erya siteegi]] '''A Pass''' (era eyali '''APassKiller''' ),Munnayuganda, muyimbi era muwandiisi wa nnyimba. Yazaalibwa mu [[:lg:Uganda|Uganda]] nga 21 omwezi Ogw'ekumi nebiri mu mwaka gwa 1989.<ref name="chano8.com">{{cite web |title=All You Need To Know About Rising Star A Pass |url=http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/ |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Chano8 Digital Magazine |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402025154/http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A Pass egamba nti erinnya lye erya siteegi liva ku Alexander erinnya lye erisooka era Pass okuva eri Picky erinya epatike Percy.<ref>{{cite web |author=satisfashionug |title=A Pass talks music fashion women and being cool |url=http://www.satisfashionug.com/a-pass-talks-music-fashion-women-and-being-cool/ |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=SatisFashion Uganda}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Llolypop Records - Events Organisers, Promoters and Marketing |url=http://www.llolypop.com/apass.php/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402140550/http://www.llolypop.com/apass.php/ |archive-date=2 April 2015 |accessdate=26 March 2015 |publisher= |df=dmy-all}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe n’okusoma kwe == A Pass yazaalibwa nga 21 omwezi Ogw'ekumi nebiri mu mwaka gwa 1989 era ye mwana ow'okubiri mu maka g’abantu musanvu. Obuto bwe yasomera ku Kampala Kindergarten,pulayimale ye ku Nakasero Primary School, Merryland High Schools, ne St Lawrence, Cream land gyeyasomera siniya ye.<ref name="chano8.com"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Meet A Pass' dad that has supported him in the music industry |url=http://bigeye.ug/photo-meet-a-pass-dad-that-has-supported-him-in-the-music-industry/ |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Bigeye.ug}}</ref> == Omulimu gw’okuyimba == A Pass yatandika okuyimba ng’omuntu yenna agenda mu kkanisa owa bulijjo kyokka ekitone kye yakikulaakulanya nnyo ku ssomero. Oluvannyuma yagenda mu situdiyo mu mwaka gwa 2003 mu situdiyo ye eyasooka teyasobola oluyimba wabula yasobola okufuna ebivuga byokka. Oluvannyuma A Pass yakomawo mu situdiyo oluvannyuma lw’emyaka mitono bwe yasisinkana mukwano gwe ayitibwa Eddy eyamukubiriza okwongera okuyimba mu ngeri ey’ekikugu. A Pass yakola enkolagana ey’amaanyi mu by’okuyimba ne Dave Dash mu kiseera ekyo eyali amanyikiddwa nga A Dash era bombi baakola ennyimba ezenjawulo nga bali bombi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Apass {{!}} West Nile xpozed |url=https://www.westnilebiz.com/artist/10/apass |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=westnilexpozed.com}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2011, yasisinkana dayirekita wa vidiyo [[:lg:Lukyamuzi_Bashir|Lukyamuzi Bashir]] eyalaba ekitone kye mu bugwanjuba Syde mu situdiyo jebayimbira. Bashir yatandika okumutwala mu situdiyo ez’enjawulo okwetoloola eggwanga n’okumwanjula mu bantu ab’enjawulo ab’amaanyi mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. Mu mwaka gwa 2012, BADI yazimba situdiyo y’okukwata ennyimba e Makindye eyitibwa Badi Musik Production. BADI yagenda mu maaso n’okwata vidiyo za A Pass mu mwaka gwa 2013, ekyayongera amanyi mukutumbula ekitone kye. Mu kiseera kino A Pass eriko omukono era eddukanyizibwa kkampuni ya LLolypop Entertainment.<ref name=":0"/> A Pass akoze na bafulumya omuziki abawerako mu mutindo gwa Reggae ne Dancehall omuli Alex okuva e Jamaica (A.I.P), Black Spyda okuva e Jamaica, Nessim (Badi Musik), Baru (DustVille), Timo (Badi Musik), Just Jose (Swangz Avenue), [[:lg:Benon_Mugumbya|Benon Mugumbya]], (Swangz Avenue), Nash ( [[:lg:Swangz_Avenue|Swangz Avenue]] ), N'omugenzi Mac Elvis (South Syde), . Keyner (K Records), Samurae (Talent 256), Don (DustVille) n’abalala abawerako. A Pass egamba nti afuna okusikirizibwa okuva ku muziki omuli dancehall, reggae, Rnb, hip hop ne afro pop okuva mu bayimbi nga [[:lg:Michael_Jackson|Michael Jackson]], [[:lg:Lucky_Dube|Lucky Dube]], [[:lg:UB40|UB40]] n’abalala bangi. A Pass ekoze n’abayimbi ab’enjawulo omuli, [[:lg:A.Y._(musician)|A.Y. (omuyimbi)]], [[:lg:Radio_&_Weasel|Goodlyfe]] okuva mu Uganda ne [[:lg:Cinderella_Sanyu|Cinderella Sanyu]] n’abalala bangi.<ref>{{cite web |title=A Pass to release new video featuring AY and AirporTaxi soon |url=http://bigeye.ug/pass-release-new-video-featuring-ay-airportaxi-soon/ |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Bigeye.ug}}</ref> A Pass awandikidde [[:lg:Bebe_Cool|Bebe Cool]] enyimba<ref>{{cite web |title=Singer A Pass Pockets Shs2M For Bebe Cool's New Hit |url=http://xclusive.co.ug/2014/12/04/singer-pass-pockets-shs2m-bebe-cools-hit/ |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Xclusive.co.ug |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402130501/http://xclusive.co.ug/2014/12/04/singer-pass-pockets-shs2m-bebe-cools-hit/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> era yawandiise wamu ne Michael Ross oluyimba ‘Love I Feel’.<ref>{{cite web |title=Micheal Ross Opens Up About 'Love I Feel' - Chano8 |url=http://chano8.com/micheal-ross-opens-love-feel//\ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404100615/http://chano8.com/micheal-ross-opens-love-feel/ |archive-date=4 April 2015 |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Chano8 Digital Magazine}}</ref> Gye buvuddeko yafulumya oluyimba lwa ''Wuuyo'' oluyimba olutongole olwa firimu y'ekina Uganda [[:lg:Bala_Bala_Sese|Bala Bala Sese]] eyakolebwa [[:lg:Usama_Mukwaya|Usama Mukwaya]].<ref>{{cite web |title=A pass' Wuuyo Soundtrack For The Bala Bala Sese Movie - Chano8 |url=http://chano8.com/a-pass-wuuyo-soundtrack-for-the-bala-bala-sese-movie/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421164935/http://chano8.com/a-pass-wuuyo-soundtrack-for-the-bala-bala-sese-movie/ |archive-date=21 April 2016 |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Chano8 Digital Magazine}}</ref> A Pass amanyiddwa nnyo nga okukola ne mukwano gwe ne producer Nessim era ne producer wa vidiyo [[:lg:Lukyamuzi_Bashir|Lukyamuzi Bashir]] wansi w’ekitongole ekikuba ennyimba ekya Badi Musik. === Ekivvulu kya Maiden === Ogw'oluberyeberye nga 31,mu mwaka gwa 2025, A Pass yategeka ekivvulu kye ekyasooka nga ye yekka, ''A Pass Live in Concert'', ku [[:lg:Kampala_Serena_Hotel|wooteri mukibuga ekikulu Kampala Serena Hotel]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Benjie |date=2025-01-31 |title=A Pass urges fellow artists to support, not perform at concert |url=https://mbu.ug/2025/01/31/a-pass-urges-musicians-to-support-not-perform/?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2025-02-06 |website=MBU |language=en-US}}</ref> Omukolo guno gwalimu okuyimba obutereevu ennyimba ze ez’amaanyi era nga gwetabwaako bayimbi banne.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-18 |title=All Is Set For A Pass Live In Concert 2025 Success |url=https://kampalaedgetimes.com/all-is-set-for-a-pass-live-in-concert-2025/?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2025-02-06 |website=kampalaedgetimes.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Okuteekateeka kwatandika ku nkomerero y'omwaka 2024, n'okwegezaamu okwalimu bbandi y'okuberawo mubuntu. Ekivvulu kino kyawagirwa abawagizi b’ebitongole era kyafuna okudibwamu okulungi okuva mu balabi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Joshua |first=Mwesigwa |date=2025-01-20 |title=A Pass Live In Concert: A Celebration of Musical Excellence on January 31, 2025 - Nymy Net |url=https://nymynet.com/a-pass-live-in-concert-a-celebration-of-musical-excellence-on-january-31-2025/ |access-date=2025-03-15 |website=Nymy Net |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Ennyimba ze == === Alubaamu z'ennyimba === * Nva Kampala (2016) Omuntu w'abantu. * [[A Pass|Africa Yayo]] (2018) * Bagonza (2024) * [https://music.apple.com/ug/album/a-pass/1785177179 Apass] (2025) == Singles == Ezimu ku nnyimba za A Pass ezisinga okwettanirwa mulimu zino wammanga: * Didadada * Love Infection * Am loving * Am lovin Remix * Tulikubigere * KLA * Mumpulila * So loud * Burn OP * Nyenya Omugongo * Run Bou Ya * One Of A Kind * Bartender * Tetubatya * Wuuyo * Muliwa (we deyah) * So High * Wyne on Time * Yuh Don Know Mi * Take Time Off * Abantu * Sida Mukyalo == Collaborations (Enkolagana) == === Ze yayimba n'abayimbi abalala === * ''Nah normal'' ne [[Abayimbiramu kibiina kye bayita 'Goodlyfe'|Radio & Weasel]] * ''Am Loving'' ne Don Mc ne [[Cindy Sanyu|Cinderella Sanyu]] * ''Flair'' yange ne Patrobas * ''Amatu Maggale'' ne Tasha Batabazi * ''AIP Cyber'' nga erina AIP * ''Twala Obudde bw'okuwummula'' ne The Mith * ''Omukozi w'obuzibu'' ne Ekky * ''Ebijjukizo'' ne [[:lg:Lillian_Mbabazi|Lillian Mbabazi]] * ''GAMULULU REMIX Ft [[:lg:Konshens|Konshens]]''<ref>{{Cite news|author=Staff Writer|date=April 11, 2016|title=Facts & Review Of Gamululu Remix Video By A Pass And Konshens|pages=1|work=RedPepper|url=https://redpepper.co.ug/facts-review-of-gamululu-remix-video-by-a-pass-and-konshens/64159/|access-date=April 11, 2016}}</ref> Omusajja Omulala Omulala. * Face Me ne [[:lg:Azawi|Azawi]]<ref>{{Cite news|last=Josh|first=Ruby|date=October 10, 2021|title=Impressive! Azawi’s ‘African Music’ album already taking huge strides|pages=1|work=Mbu|url=https://mbu.ug/2021/10/10/impressive-azawis-african-music-album-already-taking-huge-strides/|access-date=October 10, 2021}}</ref> == Obukuubagano == Wabaddewo obutakkaanya obutaggwa wakati wa A Pass n'abayimbi abalala mu [[:lg:Uganda|Uganda]] . * Obutakanya ne [[:lg:Bebe_Cool|Bebe Cool]]<ref>{{cite web |author=Habre Muriisa |date=11 Aug 2017 |title=A Pass Speaks Out On Alleged Beef With Bebe Cool |url=http://chano8.com/pass-speaks-alleged-beef-bebe-cool/ |accessdate=29 March 2019 |publisher=Chano8 Digital Magazine |language=en |archive-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813002810/https://chano8.com/pass-speaks-alleged-beef-bebe-cool/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Olukalala lw'abayimbi abannayuganda]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa w'abweru wa wikipedia == 6vzur5sy457dr5z6u0dx4488hace39a 58729 58728 2026-07-04T11:39:46Z Kinenkey 10423 Nterezeeza mu mpandika 58729 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''<big>Alexander Bagonza</big>''', amanyiddwa nnyo [[:lg:Stage_name|n'erinnya lye erya siteegi]] '''A Pass''' (era eyali '''APassKiller''' ),Munnayuganda, muyimbi era muwandiisi wa nnyimba. Yazaalibwa mu [[:lg:Uganda|Uganda]] nga 21 omwezi Ogw'ekumi nebiri mu mwaka gwa 1989.<ref name="chano8.com">{{cite web |title=All You Need To Know About Rising Star A Pass |url=http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/ |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Chano8 Digital Magazine |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402025154/http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A Pass egamba nti erinnya lye erya siteegi liva ku Alexander erinnya lye erisooka era Pass okuva eri Picky erinya epatike Percy.<ref>{{cite web |author=satisfashionug |title=A Pass talks music fashion women and being cool |url=http://www.satisfashionug.com/a-pass-talks-music-fashion-women-and-being-cool/ |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=SatisFashion Uganda}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Llolypop Records - Events Organisers, Promoters and Marketing |url=http://www.llolypop.com/apass.php/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402140550/http://www.llolypop.com/apass.php/ |archive-date=2 April 2015 |accessdate=26 March 2015 |publisher= |df=dmy-all}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe n’okusoma kwe == A Pass yazaalibwa nga 21 omwezi Ogw'ekumi nebiri mu mwaka gwa 1989 era ye mwana ow'okubiri mu maka g’abantu musanvu. Obuto bwe yasomera ku Kampala Kindergarten,pulayimale ye ku Nakasero Primary School, Merryland High Schools, ne St Lawrence, Cream land gyeyasomera siniya ye.<ref name="chano8.com"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Meet A Pass' dad that has supported him in the music industry |url=http://bigeye.ug/photo-meet-a-pass-dad-that-has-supported-him-in-the-music-industry/ |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Bigeye.ug}}</ref> == Omulimu gw’okuyimba == A Pass yatandika okuyimba ng’omuntu yenna agenda mu kkanisa owa bulijjo kyokka ekitone kye yakikulaakulanya nnyo ku ssomero. Oluvannyuma yagenda mu situdiyo mu mwaka gwa 2003 mu situdiyo ye eyasooka teyasobola oluyimba wabula yasobola okufuna ebivuga byokka. Oluvannyuma A Pass yakomawo mu situdiyo oluvannyuma lw’emyaka mitono bwe yasisinkana mukwano gwe ayitibwa Eddy eyamukubiriza okwongera okuyimba mu ngeri ey’ekikugu. A Pass yakola enkolagana ey’amaanyi mu by’okuyimba ne Dave Dash mu kiseera ekyo eyali amanyikiddwa nga A Dash era bombi baakola ennyimba ezenjawulo nga bali bombi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Apass {{!}} West Nile xpozed |url=https://www.westnilebiz.com/artist/10/apass |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=westnilexpozed.com}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2011, yasisinkana dayirekita wa vidiyo [[:lg:Lukyamuzi_Bashir|Lukyamuzi Bashir]] eyalaba ekitone kye mu bugwanjuba Syde mu situdiyo jebayimbira. Bashir yatandika okumutwala mu situdiyo ez’enjawulo okwetoloola eggwanga n’okumwanjula mu bantu ab’enjawulo ab’amaanyi mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. Mu mwaka gwa 2012, BADI yazimba situdiyo y’okukwata ennyimba e Makindye eyitibwa Badi Musik Production. BADI yagenda mu maaso n’okwata vidiyo za A Pass mu mwaka gwa 2013, ekyayongera amanyi mukutumbula ekitone kye. Mu kiseera kino A Pass eriko omukono era eddukanyizibwa kkampuni ya LLolypop Entertainment.<ref name=":0"/> A Pass akoze na bafulumya omuziki abawerako mu mutindo gwa Reggae ne Dancehall omuli Alex okuva e Jamaica (A.I.P), Black Spyda okuva e Jamaica, Nessim (Badi Musik), Baru (DustVille), Timo (Badi Musik), Just Jose (Swangz Avenue), [[:lg:Benon_Mugumbya|Benon Mugumbya]], (Swangz Avenue), Nash ( [[:lg:Swangz_Avenue|Swangz Avenue]] ), N'omugenzi Mac Elvis (South Syde), . Keyner (K Records), Samurae (Talent 256), Don (DustVille) n’abalala abawerako. A Pass egamba nti afuna okusikirizibwa okuva ku muziki omuli dancehall, reggae, Rnb, hip hop ne afro pop okuva mu bayimbi nga [[:lg:Michael_Jackson|Michael Jackson]], [[:lg:Lucky_Dube|Lucky Dube]], [[:lg:UB40|UB40]] n’abalala bangi. A Pass ekoze n’abayimbi ab’enjawulo omuli, [[:lg:A.Y._(musician)|A.Y. (omuyimbi)]], [[:lg:Radio_&_Weasel|Goodlyfe]] okuva mu Uganda ne [[:lg:Cinderella_Sanyu|Cinderella Sanyu]] n’abalala bangi.<ref>{{cite web |title=A Pass to release new video featuring AY and AirporTaxi soon |url=http://bigeye.ug/pass-release-new-video-featuring-ay-airportaxi-soon/ |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Bigeye.ug}}</ref> A Pass awandikidde [[:lg:Bebe_Cool|Bebe Cool]] enyimba<ref>{{cite web |title=Singer A Pass Pockets Shs2M For Bebe Cool's New Hit |url=http://xclusive.co.ug/2014/12/04/singer-pass-pockets-shs2m-bebe-cools-hit/ |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Xclusive.co.ug |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402130501/http://xclusive.co.ug/2014/12/04/singer-pass-pockets-shs2m-bebe-cools-hit/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> era yawandiise wamu ne Michael Ross oluyimba ‘Love I Feel’.<ref>{{cite web |title=Micheal Ross Opens Up About 'Love I Feel' - Chano8 |url=http://chano8.com/micheal-ross-opens-love-feel//\ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404100615/http://chano8.com/micheal-ross-opens-love-feel/ |archive-date=4 April 2015 |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Chano8 Digital Magazine}}</ref> Gye buvuddeko yafulumya oluyimba lwa ''Wuuyo'' oluyimba olutongole olwa firimu y'ekina Uganda [[:lg:Bala_Bala_Sese|Bala Bala Sese]] eyakolebwa [[:lg:Usama_Mukwaya|Usama Mukwaya]].<ref>{{cite web |title=A pass' Wuuyo Soundtrack For The Bala Bala Sese Movie - Chano8 |url=http://chano8.com/a-pass-wuuyo-soundtrack-for-the-bala-bala-sese-movie/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421164935/http://chano8.com/a-pass-wuuyo-soundtrack-for-the-bala-bala-sese-movie/ |archive-date=21 April 2016 |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Chano8 Digital Magazine}}</ref> A Pass amanyiddwa nnyo nga okukola ne mukwano gwe ne producer Nessim era ne producer wa vidiyo [[:lg:Lukyamuzi_Bashir|Lukyamuzi Bashir]] wansi w’ekitongole ekikuba ennyimba ekya Badi Musik. === Ekivvulu kya Maiden === Ogwolubereberye 31, 2025, A Pass yategeka ekivvulu kye ekyasooka nga ye yekka, (A Pass Live in Concert, 2025) ku [[wooteeri ya Kampala Serena]]. Omukolo guno gwaliko ennyimba ze ez’amaanyi era nga gwetaba abayimbi banne. Okuteekateeka kwatandika ku nkomerero ya 2024, nga okwegezaamu kwalimu live bbandi. == Ennyimba ze == === Alubaamu z'ennyimbaOgw'oluberyeb === * Nva Kampala (2016) Omuntu w'abantu. * [[A Pass|Africa Yayo]] (2018) * Bagonza (2024) * [https://music.apple.com/ug/album/a-pass/1785177179 Apass] (2025) == Singles == Ezimu ku nnyimba za A Pass ezisinga okwettanirwa mulimu zino wammanga: * Didadada * Love Infection * Am loving * Am lovin Remix * Tulikubigere * KLA * Mumpulila * So loud * Burn OP * Nyenya Omugongo * Run Bou Ya * One Of A Kind * Bartender * Tetubatya * Wuuyo * Muliwa (we deyah) * So High * Wyne on Time * Yuh Don Know Mi * Take Time Off * Abantu * Sida Mukyalo == Collaborations (Enkolagana) == === Ze yayimba n'abayimbi abalala === * ''Nah normal'' ne [[Abayimbiramu kibiina kye bayita 'Goodlyfe'|Radio & Weasel]] * ''Am Loving'' ne Don Mc ne [[Cindy Sanyu|Cinderella Sanyu]] * ''Flair'' yange ne Patrobas * ''Amatu Maggale'' ne Tasha Batabazi * ''AIP Cyber'' nga erina AIP * ''Twala Obudde bw'okuwummula'' ne The Mith * ''Omukozi w'obuzibu'' ne Ekky * ''Ebijjukizo'' ne [[:lg:Lillian_Mbabazi|Lillian Mbabazi]] * ''GAMULULU REMIX Ft [[:lg:Konshens|Konshens]]''<ref>{{Cite news|author=Staff Writer|date=April 11, 2016|title=Facts & Review Of Gamululu Remix Video By A Pass And Konshens|pages=1|work=RedPepper|url=https://redpepper.co.ug/facts-review-of-gamululu-remix-video-by-a-pass-and-konshens/64159/|access-date=April 11, 2016}}</ref> Omusajja Omulala Omulala. * Face Me ne [[:lg:Azawi|Azawi]]<ref>{{Cite news|last=Josh|first=Ruby|date=October 10, 2021|title=Impressive! Azawi’s ‘African Music’ album already taking huge strides|pages=1|work=Mbu|url=https://mbu.ug/2021/10/10/impressive-azawis-african-music-album-already-taking-huge-strides/|access-date=October 10, 2021}}</ref> == Obukuubagano == Wabaddewo obutakkaanya obutaggwa wakati wa A Pass n'abayimbi abalala mu [[:lg:Uganda|Uganda]] . * Obutakanya ne [[:lg:Bebe_Cool|Bebe Cool]]<ref>{{cite web |author=Habre Muriisa |date=11 Aug 2017 |title=A Pass Speaks Out On Alleged Beef With Bebe Cool |url=http://chano8.com/pass-speaks-alleged-beef-bebe-cool/ |accessdate=29 March 2019 |publisher=Chano8 Digital Magazine |language=en |archive-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813002810/https://chano8.com/pass-speaks-alleged-beef-bebe-cool/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Olukalala lw'abayimbi abannayuganda]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa w'abweru wa wikipedia == ojt4ew5z5lx45cexujn98rgj8yoxkvp 58730 58729 2026-07-04T11:51:43Z Kinenkey 10423 Nterezeeza "Obulamu bwe n’okusoma kwe" 58730 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''<big>Alexander Bagonza</big>''', amanyiddwa nnyo n'erinnya lye erya siteegi '''A Pass''' (era eyali '''APassKiller''' ),Munnayuganda, muyimbi era muwandiisi wa nnyimba. Yazaalibwa e [[:lg:Uganda|Uganda]] mu Gwekkumineebiri 21, 1989.<ref name="chano8.com">{{cite web |title=All You Need To Know About Rising Star A Pass |url=http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/ |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Chano8 Digital Magazine |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402025154/http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A Pass egamba nti erinnya lye erya siteegi liva ku Alexander erinnya lye erisooka era Pass okuva eri Picky erinya epatike Percy.<ref>{{cite web |author=satisfashionug |title=A Pass talks music fashion women and being cool |url=http://www.satisfashionug.com/a-pass-talks-music-fashion-women-and-being-cool/ |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=SatisFashion Uganda}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Llolypop Records - Events Organisers, Promoters and Marketing |url=http://www.llolypop.com/apass.php/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402140550/http://www.llolypop.com/apass.php/ |archive-date=2 April 2015 |accessdate=26 March 2015 |publisher= |df=dmy-all}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe n’okusoma kwe == A Pass yazaalibwa mu Gwekkumineebiri 21, 1989 era mwana wa kubiri mu maka g’abantu musanvu. Yasomera ku Kampala Kindergarten okusoma nasale ye, Nakasero Primary School mu pulayimale ye, Merryland High Schools, ne St Lawrence, Cream land okugenda mu siniya.<ref name="chano8.com"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Meet A Pass' dad that has supported him in the music industry |url=http://bigeye.ug/photo-meet-a-pass-dad-that-has-supported-him-in-the-music-industry/ |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Bigeye.ug}}</ref> == Omulimu gw’okuyimba == A Pass yatandika okuyimba ng’omuntu yenna agenda mu kkanisa owa bulijjo kyokka ekitone kye yakikulaakulanya nnyo ku ssomero. Oluvannyuma yagenda mu situdiyo mu mwaka gwa 2003 mu situdiyo ye eyasooka teyasobola oluyimba wabula yasobola okufuna ebivuga byokka. Oluvannyuma A Pass yakomawo mu situdiyo oluvannyuma lw’emyaka mitono bwe yasisinkana mukwano gwe ayitibwa Eddy eyamukubiriza okwongera okuyimba mu ngeri ey’ekikugu. A Pass yakola enkolagana ey’amaanyi mu by’okuyimba ne Dave Dash mu kiseera ekyo eyali amanyikiddwa nga A Dash era bombi baakola ennyimba ezenjawulo nga bali bombi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Apass {{!}} West Nile xpozed |url=https://www.westnilebiz.com/artist/10/apass |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=westnilexpozed.com}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2011, yasisinkana dayirekita wa vidiyo [[:lg:Lukyamuzi_Bashir|Lukyamuzi Bashir]] eyalaba ekitone kye mu bugwanjuba Syde mu situdiyo jebayimbira. Bashir yatandika okumutwala mu situdiyo ez’enjawulo okwetoloola eggwanga n’okumwanjula mu bantu ab’enjawulo ab’amaanyi mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. Mu mwaka gwa 2012, BADI yazimba situdiyo y’okukwata ennyimba e Makindye eyitibwa Badi Musik Production. BADI yagenda mu maaso n’okwata vidiyo za A Pass mu mwaka gwa 2013, ekyayongera amanyi mukutumbula ekitone kye. Mu kiseera kino A Pass eriko omukono era eddukanyizibwa kkampuni ya LLolypop Entertainment.<ref name=":0"/> A Pass akoze na bafulumya omuziki abawerako mu mutindo gwa Reggae ne Dancehall omuli Alex okuva e Jamaica (A.I.P), Black Spyda okuva e Jamaica, Nessim (Badi Musik), Baru (DustVille), Timo (Badi Musik), Just Jose (Swangz Avenue), [[:lg:Benon_Mugumbya|Benon Mugumbya]], (Swangz Avenue), Nash ( [[:lg:Swangz_Avenue|Swangz Avenue]] ), N'omugenzi Mac Elvis (South Syde), . Keyner (K Records), Samurae (Talent 256), Don (DustVille) n’abalala abawerako. A Pass egamba nti afuna okusikirizibwa okuva ku muziki omuli dancehall, reggae, Rnb, hip hop ne afro pop okuva mu bayimbi nga [[:lg:Michael_Jackson|Michael Jackson]], [[:lg:Lucky_Dube|Lucky Dube]], [[:lg:UB40|UB40]] n’abalala bangi. A Pass ekoze n’abayimbi ab’enjawulo omuli, [[:lg:A.Y._(musician)|A.Y. (omuyimbi)]], [[:lg:Radio_&_Weasel|Goodlyfe]] okuva mu Uganda ne [[:lg:Cinderella_Sanyu|Cinderella Sanyu]] n’abalala bangi.<ref>{{cite web |title=A Pass to release new video featuring AY and AirporTaxi soon |url=http://bigeye.ug/pass-release-new-video-featuring-ay-airportaxi-soon/ |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Bigeye.ug}}</ref> A Pass awandikidde [[:lg:Bebe_Cool|Bebe Cool]] enyimba<ref>{{cite web |title=Singer A Pass Pockets Shs2M For Bebe Cool's New Hit |url=http://xclusive.co.ug/2014/12/04/singer-pass-pockets-shs2m-bebe-cools-hit/ |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Xclusive.co.ug |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402130501/http://xclusive.co.ug/2014/12/04/singer-pass-pockets-shs2m-bebe-cools-hit/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> era yawandiise wamu ne Michael Ross oluyimba ‘Love I Feel’.<ref>{{cite web |title=Micheal Ross Opens Up About 'Love I Feel' - Chano8 |url=http://chano8.com/micheal-ross-opens-love-feel//\ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404100615/http://chano8.com/micheal-ross-opens-love-feel/ |archive-date=4 April 2015 |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Chano8 Digital Magazine}}</ref> Gye buvuddeko yafulumya oluyimba lwa ''Wuuyo'' oluyimba olutongole olwa firimu y'ekina Uganda [[:lg:Bala_Bala_Sese|Bala Bala Sese]] eyakolebwa [[:lg:Usama_Mukwaya|Usama Mukwaya]].<ref>{{cite web |title=A pass' Wuuyo Soundtrack For The Bala Bala Sese Movie - Chano8 |url=http://chano8.com/a-pass-wuuyo-soundtrack-for-the-bala-bala-sese-movie/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421164935/http://chano8.com/a-pass-wuuyo-soundtrack-for-the-bala-bala-sese-movie/ |archive-date=21 April 2016 |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Chano8 Digital Magazine}}</ref> A Pass amanyiddwa nnyo nga okukola ne mukwano gwe ne producer Nessim era ne producer wa vidiyo [[:lg:Lukyamuzi_Bashir|Lukyamuzi Bashir]] wansi w’ekitongole ekikuba ennyimba ekya Badi Musik. === Ekivvulu kya Maiden === Ogwolubereberye 31, 2025, A Pass yategeka ekivvulu kye ekyasooka nga ye yekka, (A Pass Live in Concert, 2025) ku [[wooteeri ya Kampala Serena]]. Omukolo guno gwaliko ennyimba ze ez’amaanyi era nga gwetaba abayimbi banne. Okuteekateeka kwatandika ku nkomerero ya 2024, nga okwegezaamu kwalimu live bbandi. == Ennyimba ze == === Alubaamu z'ennyimbaOgw'oluberyeb === * Nva Kampala (2016) Omuntu w'abantu. * [[A Pass|Africa Yayo]] (2018) * Bagonza (2024) * [https://music.apple.com/ug/album/a-pass/1785177179 Apass] (2025) == Singles == Ezimu ku nnyimba za A Pass ezisinga okwettanirwa mulimu zino wammanga: * Didadada * Love Infection * Am loving * Am lovin Remix * Tulikubigere * KLA * Mumpulila * So loud * Burn OP * Nyenya Omugongo * Run Bou Ya * One Of A Kind * Bartender * Tetubatya * Wuuyo * Muliwa (we deyah) * So High * Wyne on Time * Yuh Don Know Mi * Take Time Off * Abantu * Sida Mukyalo == Collaborations (Enkolagana) == === Ze yayimba n'abayimbi abalala === * ''Nah normal'' ne [[Abayimbiramu kibiina kye bayita 'Goodlyfe'|Radio & Weasel]] * ''Am Loving'' ne Don Mc ne [[Cindy Sanyu|Cinderella Sanyu]] * ''Flair'' yange ne Patrobas * ''Amatu Maggale'' ne Tasha Batabazi * ''AIP Cyber'' nga erina AIP * ''Twala Obudde bw'okuwummula'' ne The Mith * ''Omukozi w'obuzibu'' ne Ekky * ''Ebijjukizo'' ne [[:lg:Lillian_Mbabazi|Lillian Mbabazi]] * ''GAMULULU REMIX Ft [[:lg:Konshens|Konshens]]''<ref>{{Cite news|author=Staff Writer|date=April 11, 2016|title=Facts & Review Of Gamululu Remix Video By A Pass And Konshens|pages=1|work=RedPepper|url=https://redpepper.co.ug/facts-review-of-gamululu-remix-video-by-a-pass-and-konshens/64159/|access-date=April 11, 2016}}</ref> Omusajja Omulala Omulala. * Face Me ne [[:lg:Azawi|Azawi]]<ref>{{Cite news|last=Josh|first=Ruby|date=October 10, 2021|title=Impressive! Azawi’s ‘African Music’ album already taking huge strides|pages=1|work=Mbu|url=https://mbu.ug/2021/10/10/impressive-azawis-african-music-album-already-taking-huge-strides/|access-date=October 10, 2021}}</ref> == Obukuubagano == Wabaddewo obutakkaanya obutaggwa wakati wa A Pass n'abayimbi abalala mu [[:lg:Uganda|Uganda]] . * Obutakanya ne [[:lg:Bebe_Cool|Bebe Cool]]<ref>{{cite web |author=Habre Muriisa |date=11 Aug 2017 |title=A Pass Speaks Out On Alleged Beef With Bebe Cool |url=http://chano8.com/pass-speaks-alleged-beef-bebe-cool/ |accessdate=29 March 2019 |publisher=Chano8 Digital Magazine |language=en |archive-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813002810/https://chano8.com/pass-speaks-alleged-beef-bebe-cool/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Olukalala lw'abayimbi abannayuganda]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa w'abweru wa wikipedia == 33f10rwc2uzxxpm74kv48veoiotppjs Abbas Kaijuka 0 13172 58561 56350 2026-07-03T15:07:46Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Nterezezza empandiika 58561 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abbas Kaijuka''' [[Munnayuganda]] nga munnamisono, omukugu mu kukola emisono ne dizayini era omukung’aanya w’emisono amanyiddwa olwa brand ye eya ''Kai’s Divo.''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet Kaijuka Abbas, Every Kampala Celebrity’s Favourite Fashion Stylist |url=https://bigeye.ug/meet-kaijuka-abbas-every-kampala-celebritys-favourite-fashion-stylist/ |access-date=2 November 2020 |website=Big Eye}}</ref> == Engule n'okusiimibwa == Ono yawangula engule y’omusajja asinga mu by'emisono mu Buvanjuba bw'Afirika mu mpaka za East Africa Fashion Awards eza 2020 ate n’afuna engule y’emisono gy’omwaka mu mpaka za Abryanz Style & Fashion Awards eza 2016 era yafuna okusunsulwa okw’enjawulo omuli n’engule eweebwa dizayina asinze mu Buvanjuba bw'Afirika mu 2017 eya Swahili Fashion Week.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ABBAS, KANSIIME, MCENSAL SCHOOL OF FASHION, SWAHILI FASHION WEEK EMERGE WINNERS AT EAST AFRICA FASHION AWARDS 2020 |url=https://hautefashionafrica.com/abbas-kansiime-mcensal-school-of-fashion-swahili-fashion-week-emerge-winners-at-east-africa-fashion-awards-2020/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128135316/https://hautefashionafrica.com/abbas-kansiime-mcensal-school-of-fashion-swahili-fashion-week-emerge-winners-at-east-africa-fashion-awards-2020/ |archive-date=28 November 2021 |access-date=1 November 2020 |website=Haute Fashion Africa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kawalha |first=Shamim |title=Abbas Kaijuka Reveals Success Behind his Fashion Line |url=https://chimpreports.com/abbas-kaijuka-reveals-success-behind-his-fashion-line/ |access-date=1 November 2020 |website=Chimp Reports}}</ref> == Engule n’okusunsulwa == {| class="wikitable" width="" ! colspan="6" style="background: #FBFC8A;" |Engule & Okusunsulwa |- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;" !Omwaka !Engule !Etuluba !Alizaati !Ref |- |2021 |Engule ya African Fashion Designer Awards |Ekika ky'emisono ekisinga obulungi mu Afrika |Yawangula |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ruby |first=Josh |date=2021-11-22 |title=Kaijuka Abbas wins big at African Fashion Designer Awards 2021 in Nigeria |url=https://mbu.ug/2021/11/22/kaijuka-abbas-wins-big-at-african-fashion-designer-awards-2021-in-nigeria/ |access-date=2024-11-18 |website=MBU |language=en-US}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2020 | rowspan="2" |East Africa Fashion Awards |Munnamisono omusajja asinga mu East Africa |Yawangula | |- |Dizayina w'omwaka |Yasunsulwa | |- | rowspan="2" |2019 |Abryanz Style & Fashion Awards |Munnamisono asinze ow'omwaka |Yawangula | |- |The Man Awards Nigeria |Munnamisono asinze ow'omwaka Africa |Yawangula | |- | rowspan="4" |2018 |Abryanz Style & Fashion Awards |Omuyiiya w'emisono ow'omwaka |Yasunsulwa | |- |Pearl of Africa Fashion Awards |Omuyiiya w'emisono ow'omwaka |Yasunsulwa | |- |The Man Awards, Nigeria |Dizayina w'omwaka mu Africa |Yasunsulwa | |- |Swahili Fashion week |Dizayina w'omwaka mu East Africa |Yasunsulwa | <ref>{{Cite web |title=See Every Look From Kai’s Divo Collection’s New Collection Presented at Swahili Fashion Week |url=https://satisfashionug.com/see-every-look-from-kais-divo-collections-new-collection-presented-at-swahili-fashion-week/ |access-date=2 November 2020 |website=Satisfashion Ug}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2017 |Abryanz Style & Fashion Awards |Omuyiiya w'emisono ow'omwaka |Yasunsulwa | |- |Pearl of Africa Fashion Awards |Omuyiiya w'emisono ow'omwaka |Yasunsulwa | |- |Swahili Fashion week |Omuyiiya w'emisono ow'omwaka mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa |Yasunsulwa | |- | rowspan="2" |2016 |Abryanz Style & Fashion Awards |Omuyiiya w'emisono ow'omwaka |Yawangula | |- |Rising star Awards |Omuyiiya w'emisono gy'abaseleebu ow'omwaka |Yawangula | |- |} == Laba ne bino == * Abryanz * [[Stella Atal]] * [[Fatumah Asha]] * [[Sylvia Owori|Sylivia Owori]] * [[Anita Beryl]] * [[Santa Anzo]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} * j0b7fhb483loh0v5gslxem1f50xrza8 58565 58561 2026-07-03T15:12:36Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Nterezezza empandiika 58565 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abbas Kaijuka''' [[Munnayuganda]] nga munnamisono, omukugu mu kukola emisono ne dizayini era omukung’aanya w’emisono amanyiddwa olwa brand ye eya ''Kai’s Divo.''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet Kaijuka Abbas, Every Kampala Celebrity’s Favourite Fashion Stylist |url=https://bigeye.ug/meet-kaijuka-abbas-every-kampala-celebritys-favourite-fashion-stylist/ |access-date=2 November 2020 |website=Big Eye}}</ref> == Engule n'okusiimibwa == Ono yawangula engule y’omusajja asinga mu by'emisono mu Buvanjuba bw'Afirika mu mpaka za East Africa Fashion Awards eza 2020 ate n’afuna engule y’emisono gy’omwaka mu mpaka za Abryanz Style & Fashion Awards eza 2016 era yafuna okusunsulwa okw’enjawulo omuli n’engule eweebwa dizayina asinze mu Buvanjuba bw'Afirika mu 2017 eya Swahili Fashion Week.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ABBAS, KANSIIME, MCENSAL SCHOOL OF FASHION, SWAHILI FASHION WEEK EMERGE WINNERS AT EAST AFRICA FASHION AWARDS 2020 |url=https://hautefashionafrica.com/abbas-kansiime-mcensal-school-of-fashion-swahili-fashion-week-emerge-winners-at-east-africa-fashion-awards-2020/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128135316/https://hautefashionafrica.com/abbas-kansiime-mcensal-school-of-fashion-swahili-fashion-week-emerge-winners-at-east-africa-fashion-awards-2020/ |archive-date=28 November 2021 |access-date=1 November 2020 |website=Haute Fashion Africa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kawalha |first=Shamim |title=Abbas Kaijuka Reveals Success Behind his Fashion Line |url=https://chimpreports.com/abbas-kaijuka-reveals-success-behind-his-fashion-line/ |access-date=1 November 2020 |website=Chimp Reports}}</ref> == Engule n’okusunsulwa == {| class="wikitable" width="" ! colspan="6" style="background: #FBFC8A;" |Engule n'okusunsulwa |- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;" !Omwaka !Engule !Etuluba !Ebyavaamu !Ref |- |2021 |African Fashion Designer Awards |Ekika ky'emisono ekisinga obulungi mu Afrika |Yawangula |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ruby |first=Josh |date=2021-11-22 |title=Kaijuka Abbas wins big at African Fashion Designer Awards 2021 in Nigeria |url=https://mbu.ug/2021/11/22/kaijuka-abbas-wins-big-at-african-fashion-designer-awards-2021-in-nigeria/ |access-date=2024-11-18 |website=MBU |language=en-US}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2020 | rowspan="2" |East Africa Fashion Awards |Munnamisono omusajja asinga mu Buvanjuba bw'Afirika |Yawangula | |- |Dizayina w'omwaka |Yasunsulwa | |- | rowspan="2" |2019 |Abryanz Style & Fashion Awards |Munnamisono asinze ow'omwaka |Yawangula | |- |The Man Awards Nigeria |Munnamisono asinze ow'omwaka mu Africa |Yawangula | |- | rowspan="4" |2018 |Abryanz Style & Fashion Awards |Omuyiiya w'emisono ow'omwaka |Yasunsulwa | |- |Pearl of Africa Fashion Awards |Omuyiiya w'emisono ow'omwaka |Yasunsulwa | |- |The Man Awards, Nigeria |Dizayina w'omwaka mu Africa |Yasunsulwa | |- |Swahili Fashion week |Dizayina w'omwaka mu Buvanjuba bw'Afirika |Yasunsulwa | <ref>{{Cite web |title=See Every Look From Kai’s Divo Collection’s New Collection Presented at Swahili Fashion Week |url=https://satisfashionug.com/see-every-look-from-kais-divo-collections-new-collection-presented-at-swahili-fashion-week/ |access-date=2 November 2020 |website=Satisfashion Ug}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2017 |Abryanz Style & Fashion Awards |Omuyiiya w'emisono ow'omwaka |Yasunsulwa | |- |Pearl of Africa Fashion Awards |Omuyiiya w'emisono ow'omwaka |Yasunsulwa | |- |Swahili Fashion week |Omuyiiya w'emisono ow'omwaka mu Buvanjuba bw'Afirika |Yasunsulwa | |- | rowspan="2" |2016 |Abryanz Style & Fashion Awards |Omuyiiya w'emisono ow'omwaka |Yawangula | |- |Rising star Awards |Omuyiiya w'emisono gy'abasereebu ow'omwaka |Yawangula | |- |} == Laba ne bino == * Abryanz * [[Stella Atal]] * [[Fatumah Asha]] * [[Sylvia Owori|Sylivia Owori]] * [[Anita Beryl]] * [[Santa Anzo]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} * 8xdbvl3sk5waazvzy0hjutel7475amq 58567 58565 2026-07-03T15:14:54Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Ntaddemu ebijulizo 58567 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abbas Kaijuka''' [[Munnayuganda]] nga munnamisono, omukugu mu kukola emisono ne dizayini era omukung’aanya w’emisono amanyiddwa olwa brand ye eya ''Kai’s Divo.''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet Kaijuka Abbas, Every Kampala Celebrity’s Favourite Fashion Stylist |url=https://bigeye.ug/meet-kaijuka-abbas-every-kampala-celebritys-favourite-fashion-stylist/ |access-date=2 November 2020 |website=Big Eye}}</ref><ref>[https://satisfashionug.com/how-kaijuka-abbas-became-kampalas-most-sought-after-stylist/ "How Kaijuka Abbas Became Kampala's Most Sought After Stylist"]. Satisfashion. Retrieved 2 November 2020.</ref><ref>[https://www.matookerepublic.com/2016/12/05/check-out-ugandan-designer-kai-divos-collection-at-swahili-fashion-week/ "Check out Ugandan designer Kai Divo's collection at Swahili Fashion Week"]. Matooke Republic. Retrieved 2 November 2020.</ref> == Engule n'okusiimibwa == Ono yawangula engule y’omusajja asinga mu by'emisono mu Buvanjuba bw'Afirika mu mpaka za East Africa Fashion Awards eza 2020 ate n’afuna engule y’emisono gy’omwaka mu mpaka za Abryanz Style & Fashion Awards eza 2016 era yafuna okusunsulwa okw’enjawulo omuli n’engule eweebwa dizayina asinze mu Buvanjuba bw'Afirika mu 2017 eya Swahili Fashion Week.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ABBAS, KANSIIME, MCENSAL SCHOOL OF FASHION, SWAHILI FASHION WEEK EMERGE WINNERS AT EAST AFRICA FASHION AWARDS 2020 |url=https://hautefashionafrica.com/abbas-kansiime-mcensal-school-of-fashion-swahili-fashion-week-emerge-winners-at-east-africa-fashion-awards-2020/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128135316/https://hautefashionafrica.com/abbas-kansiime-mcensal-school-of-fashion-swahili-fashion-week-emerge-winners-at-east-africa-fashion-awards-2020/ |archive-date=28 November 2021 |access-date=1 November 2020 |website=Haute Fashion Africa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kawalha |first=Shamim |title=Abbas Kaijuka Reveals Success Behind his Fashion Line |url=https://chimpreports.com/abbas-kaijuka-reveals-success-behind-his-fashion-line/ |access-date=1 November 2020 |website=Chimp Reports}}</ref> == Engule n’okusunsulwa == {| class="wikitable" width="" ! colspan="6" style="background: #FBFC8A;" |Engule n'okusunsulwa |- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;" !Omwaka !Engule !Etuluba !Ebyavaamu !Ref |- |2021 |African Fashion Designer Awards |Ekika ky'emisono ekisinga obulungi mu Afrika |Yawangula |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ruby |first=Josh |date=2021-11-22 |title=Kaijuka Abbas wins big at African Fashion Designer Awards 2021 in Nigeria |url=https://mbu.ug/2021/11/22/kaijuka-abbas-wins-big-at-african-fashion-designer-awards-2021-in-nigeria/ |access-date=2024-11-18 |website=MBU |language=en-US}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2020 | rowspan="2" |East Africa Fashion Awards |Munnamisono omusajja asinga mu Buvanjuba bw'Afirika |Yawangula | |- |Dizayina w'omwaka |Yasunsulwa | |- | rowspan="2" |2019 |Abryanz Style & Fashion Awards |Munnamisono asinze ow'omwaka |Yawangula | |- |The Man Awards Nigeria |Munnamisono asinze ow'omwaka mu Africa |Yawangula | |- | rowspan="4" |2018 |Abryanz Style & Fashion Awards |Omuyiiya w'emisono ow'omwaka |Yasunsulwa | |- |Pearl of Africa Fashion Awards |Omuyiiya w'emisono ow'omwaka |Yasunsulwa | |- |The Man Awards, Nigeria |Dizayina w'omwaka mu Africa |Yasunsulwa | |- |Swahili Fashion week |Dizayina w'omwaka mu Buvanjuba bw'Afirika |Yasunsulwa | <ref>{{Cite web |title=See Every Look From Kai’s Divo Collection’s New Collection Presented at Swahili Fashion Week |url=https://satisfashionug.com/see-every-look-from-kais-divo-collections-new-collection-presented-at-swahili-fashion-week/ |access-date=2 November 2020 |website=Satisfashion Ug}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2017 |Abryanz Style & Fashion Awards |Omuyiiya w'emisono ow'omwaka |Yasunsulwa | |- |Pearl of Africa Fashion Awards |Omuyiiya w'emisono ow'omwaka |Yasunsulwa | |- |Swahili Fashion week |Omuyiiya w'emisono ow'omwaka mu Buvanjuba bw'Afirika |Yasunsulwa | |- | rowspan="2" |2016 |Abryanz Style & Fashion Awards |Omuyiiya w'emisono ow'omwaka |Yawangula | |- |Rising star Awards |Omuyiiya w'emisono gy'abasereebu ow'omwaka |Yawangula | |- |} == Laba ne bino == * Abryanz * [[Stella Atal]] * [[Fatumah Asha]] * [[Sylvia Owori|Sylivia Owori]] * [[Anita Beryl]] * [[Santa Anzo]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} * ctajadew6rst9xjkhwj5h7donxn4h59 58573 58567 2026-07-03T15:20:39Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Ntaddemu ebijulizo 58573 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abbas Kaijuka''' [[Munnayuganda]] nga munnamisono, omukugu mu kukola emisono ne dizayini era omukung’aanya w’emisono amanyiddwa olwa brand ye eya ''Kai’s Divo.''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet Kaijuka Abbas, Every Kampala Celebrity’s Favourite Fashion Stylist |url=https://bigeye.ug/meet-kaijuka-abbas-every-kampala-celebritys-favourite-fashion-stylist/ |access-date=2 November 2020 |website=Big Eye}}</ref><ref>[https://satisfashionug.com/how-kaijuka-abbas-became-kampalas-most-sought-after-stylist/ "How Kaijuka Abbas Became Kampala's Most Sought After Stylist"]. Satisfashion. Retrieved 2 November 2020.</ref><ref>[https://www.matookerepublic.com/2016/12/05/check-out-ugandan-designer-kai-divos-collection-at-swahili-fashion-week/ "Check out Ugandan designer Kai Divo's collection at Swahili Fashion Week"]. Matooke Republic. Retrieved 2 November 2020.</ref> == Engule n'okusiimibwa == Ono yawangula engule y’omusajja asinga mu by'emisono mu Buvanjuba bw'Afirika mu mpaka za East Africa Fashion Awards eza 2020 ate n’afuna engule y’emisono gy’omwaka mu mpaka za Abryanz Style & Fashion Awards eza 2016 era yafuna okusunsulwa okw’enjawulo omuli n’engule eweebwa dizayina asinze mu Buvanjuba bw'Afirika mu 2017 eya Swahili Fashion Week.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ABBAS, KANSIIME, MCENSAL SCHOOL OF FASHION, SWAHILI FASHION WEEK EMERGE WINNERS AT EAST AFRICA FASHION AWARDS 2020 |url=https://hautefashionafrica.com/abbas-kansiime-mcensal-school-of-fashion-swahili-fashion-week-emerge-winners-at-east-africa-fashion-awards-2020/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128135316/https://hautefashionafrica.com/abbas-kansiime-mcensal-school-of-fashion-swahili-fashion-week-emerge-winners-at-east-africa-fashion-awards-2020/ |archive-date=28 November 2021 |access-date=1 November 2020 |website=Haute Fashion Africa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kawalha |first=Shamim |title=Abbas Kaijuka Reveals Success Behind his Fashion Line |url=https://chimpreports.com/abbas-kaijuka-reveals-success-behind-his-fashion-line/ |access-date=1 November 2020 |website=Chimp Reports}}</ref><ref>[https://blizz.co.ug/1520/Remas-Designer--Abbas-Kaijuka-Wins-Designer-of-the-Year-Award-at-Mens-Fashion-Week-Nigeria "Rema's Designer Abbas Kaijuka Wins 'Designer of the Year Award' at Men's Fashion Week Nigeria"]. Blizz. Retrieved 1 November 2020.</ref><ref>[https://www.sqoop.co.ug/201908/features/the-uganda-international-fashion-week-as-it-happened.html "The Uganda International Fashion Week as it happened: Kaijuka Abbas from Uganda"]. Sqoop. Retrieved 2 November 2020.</ref> == Engule n’okusunsulwa == {| class="wikitable" width="" ! colspan="6" style="background: #FBFC8A;" |Engule n'okusunsulwa |- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;" !Omwaka !Engule !Etuluba !Ebyavaamu !Ref |- |2021 |African Fashion Designer Awards |Ekika ky'emisono ekisinga obulungi mu Afrika |Yawangula |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ruby |first=Josh |date=2021-11-22 |title=Kaijuka Abbas wins big at African Fashion Designer Awards 2021 in Nigeria |url=https://mbu.ug/2021/11/22/kaijuka-abbas-wins-big-at-african-fashion-designer-awards-2021-in-nigeria/ |access-date=2024-11-18 |website=MBU |language=en-US}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2020 | rowspan="2" |East Africa Fashion Awards |Munnamisono omusajja asinga mu Buvanjuba bw'Afirika |Yawangula |<ref>[https://satisfashionug.com/abbas-kaijuka-stands-to-win-african-male-designer-in-this-years-designer-awards-africa/ "Abbas Kaijuka stands to win African male designer in this years designer awards Africa"]. Satisfashion. Retrieved 2 November 2020.</ref> <ref>Ruby, Josh. [https://mbu.ug/2019/12/01/ugandan-designer-kaijuka-abbas-wins-top-african-award-in-nigeria/ "Ugandan designer Kaijuka Abbas wins top African award in Nigeria"]. Mbu. Retrieved 1 November 2020.</ref> |- |Dizayina w'omwaka |Yasunsulwa | |- | rowspan="2" |2019 |Abryanz Style & Fashion Awards |Munnamisono asinze ow'omwaka |Yawangula | |- |The Man Awards Nigeria |Munnamisono asinze ow'omwaka mu Africa |Yawangula |<ref>[https://satisfashionug.com/its-official-abbas-kaijuka-is-the-designer-of-the-year/ "It's Official, Abbas Kaijuka Is The Designer Of The Year"]. Satisfashion. Retrieved 1 November 2020.</ref> |- | rowspan="4" |2018 |Abryanz Style & Fashion Awards |Omuyiiya w'emisono ow'omwaka |Yasunsulwa | |- |Pearl of Africa Fashion Awards |Omuyiiya w'emisono ow'omwaka |Yasunsulwa | |- |The Man Awards, Nigeria |Dizayina w'omwaka mu Africa |Yasunsulwa | |- |Swahili Fashion week |Dizayina w'omwaka mu Buvanjuba bw'Afirika |Yasunsulwa | <ref>Batuta, Gloria. [https://web.archive.org/web/20171209150035/http://chano8.com/kaijuka-abbas-represents-ug-at-swahili-fashion-week/ "Kaijuka Abbas Represents UG At Swahili Fashion Week"]. Chano8. Archived from [https://chano8.com/kaijuka-abbas-represents-ug-at-swahili-fashion-week/ the original] on December 9, 2017. Retrieved 2 November 2020.</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=See Every Look From Kai’s Divo Collection’s New Collection Presented at Swahili Fashion Week |url=https://satisfashionug.com/see-every-look-from-kais-divo-collections-new-collection-presented-at-swahili-fashion-week/ |access-date=2 November 2020 |website=Satisfashion Ug}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2017 |Abryanz Style & Fashion Awards |Omuyiiya w'emisono ow'omwaka |Yasunsulwa | |- |Pearl of Africa Fashion Awards |Omuyiiya w'emisono ow'omwaka |Yasunsulwa | |- |Swahili Fashion week |Omuyiiya w'emisono ow'omwaka mu Buvanjuba bw'Afirika |Yasunsulwa | |- | rowspan="2" |2016 |Abryanz Style & Fashion Awards |Omuyiiya w'emisono ow'omwaka |Yawangula | |- |Rising star Awards |Omuyiiya w'emisono gy'abasereebu ow'omwaka |Yawangula | |- |} == Laba ne bino == * Abryanz * [[Stella Atal]] * [[Fatumah Asha]] * [[Sylvia Owori|Sylivia Owori]] * [[Anita Beryl]] * [[Santa Anzo]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} * 2yl7dgddxcw15kmzq4gla2n3l2frhq8 58575 58573 2026-07-03T15:22:12Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Nterezezza empandiika 58575 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abbas Kaijuka''' [[Munnayuganda]] nga munnamisono, omukugu mu kukola emisono ne dizayini era omukung’aanya w’emisono amanyiddwa olwa brand ye eya ''Kai’s Divo.''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet Kaijuka Abbas, Every Kampala Celebrity’s Favourite Fashion Stylist |url=https://bigeye.ug/meet-kaijuka-abbas-every-kampala-celebritys-favourite-fashion-stylist/ |access-date=2 November 2020 |website=Big Eye}}</ref><ref>[https://satisfashionug.com/how-kaijuka-abbas-became-kampalas-most-sought-after-stylist/ "How Kaijuka Abbas Became Kampala's Most Sought After Stylist"]. Satisfashion. Retrieved 2 November 2020.</ref><ref>[https://www.matookerepublic.com/2016/12/05/check-out-ugandan-designer-kai-divos-collection-at-swahili-fashion-week/ "Check out Ugandan designer Kai Divo's collection at Swahili Fashion Week"]. Matooke Republic. Retrieved 2 November 2020.</ref> == Engule n'okusiimibwa == Ono yawangula engule y’omusajja asinga mu by'emisono mu Buvanjuba bw'Afirika mu mpaka za East Africa Fashion Awards eza 2020 ate n’afuna engule y’emisono gy’omwaka mu mpaka za Abryanz Style & Fashion Awards eza 2016 era yafuna okusunsulwa okw’enjawulo omuli n’engule eweebwa dizayina asinze mu Buvanjuba bw'Afirika mu 2017 eya Swahili Fashion Week.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ABBAS, KANSIIME, MCENSAL SCHOOL OF FASHION, SWAHILI FASHION WEEK EMERGE WINNERS AT EAST AFRICA FASHION AWARDS 2020 |url=https://hautefashionafrica.com/abbas-kansiime-mcensal-school-of-fashion-swahili-fashion-week-emerge-winners-at-east-africa-fashion-awards-2020/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128135316/https://hautefashionafrica.com/abbas-kansiime-mcensal-school-of-fashion-swahili-fashion-week-emerge-winners-at-east-africa-fashion-awards-2020/ |archive-date=28 November 2021 |access-date=1 November 2020 |website=Haute Fashion Africa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kawalha |first=Shamim |title=Abbas Kaijuka Reveals Success Behind his Fashion Line |url=https://chimpreports.com/abbas-kaijuka-reveals-success-behind-his-fashion-line/ |access-date=1 November 2020 |website=Chimp Reports}}</ref><ref>[https://blizz.co.ug/1520/Remas-Designer--Abbas-Kaijuka-Wins-Designer-of-the-Year-Award-at-Mens-Fashion-Week-Nigeria "Rema's Designer Abbas Kaijuka Wins 'Designer of the Year Award' at Men's Fashion Week Nigeria"]. Blizz. Retrieved 1 November 2020.</ref><ref>[https://www.sqoop.co.ug/201908/features/the-uganda-international-fashion-week-as-it-happened.html "The Uganda International Fashion Week as it happened: Kaijuka Abbas from Uganda"]. Sqoop. Retrieved 2 November 2020.</ref> == Engule n’okusunsulwa == {| class="wikitable" width="" ! colspan="6" style="background: #FBFC8A;" |Engule n'okusunsulwa |- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;" !Omwaka !Engule !Etuluba !Ebyavaamu !Ref |- |2021 |African Fashion Designer Awards |Ekika ky'emisono ekisinga obulungi mu Afrika |Yawangula |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ruby |first=Josh |date=2021-11-22 |title=Kaijuka Abbas wins big at African Fashion Designer Awards 2021 in Nigeria |url=https://mbu.ug/2021/11/22/kaijuka-abbas-wins-big-at-african-fashion-designer-awards-2021-in-nigeria/ |access-date=2024-11-18 |website=MBU |language=en-US}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2020 | rowspan="2" |East Africa Fashion Awards |Munnamisono omusajja asinga mu Buvanjuba bw'Afirika |Yawangula |<ref>[https://satisfashionug.com/abbas-kaijuka-stands-to-win-african-male-designer-in-this-years-designer-awards-africa/ "Abbas Kaijuka stands to win African male designer in this years designer awards Africa"]. Satisfashion. Retrieved 2 November 2020.</ref> <ref>Ruby, Josh. [https://mbu.ug/2019/12/01/ugandan-designer-kaijuka-abbas-wins-top-african-award-in-nigeria/ "Ugandan designer Kaijuka Abbas wins top African award in Nigeria"]. Mbu. Retrieved 1 November 2020.</ref> |- |Dizayina w'omwaka |Yasunsulwa | |- | rowspan="2" |2019 |Abryanz Style & Fashion Awards |Munnamisono asinze ow'omwaka |Yawangula | |- |The Man Awards Nigeria |Munnamisono asinze ow'omwaka mu Africa |Yawangula |<ref>[https://satisfashionug.com/its-official-abbas-kaijuka-is-the-designer-of-the-year/ "It's Official, Abbas Kaijuka Is The Designer Of The Year"]. Satisfashion. Retrieved 1 November 2020.</ref> |- | rowspan="4" |2018 |Abryanz Style & Fashion Awards |Omuyiiya w'emisono ow'omwaka |Yasunsulwa | |- |Pearl of Africa Fashion Awards |Omuyiiya w'emisono ow'omwaka |Yasunsulwa | |- |The Man Awards, Nigeria |Dizayina w'omwaka mu Africa |Yasunsulwa | |- |Swahili Fashion week |Dizayina w'omwaka mu Buvanjuba bw'Afirika |Yasunsulwa | <ref>Batuta, Gloria. [https://web.archive.org/web/20171209150035/http://chano8.com/kaijuka-abbas-represents-ug-at-swahili-fashion-week/ "Kaijuka Abbas Represents UG At Swahili Fashion Week"]. Chano8. Archived from [https://chano8.com/kaijuka-abbas-represents-ug-at-swahili-fashion-week/ the original] on December 9, 2017. Retrieved 2 November 2020.</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=See Every Look From Kai’s Divo Collection’s New Collection Presented at Swahili Fashion Week |url=https://satisfashionug.com/see-every-look-from-kais-divo-collections-new-collection-presented-at-swahili-fashion-week/ |access-date=2 November 2020 |website=Satisfashion Ug}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2017 |Abryanz Style & Fashion Awards |Omuyiiya w'emisono ow'omwaka |Yasunsulwa | |- |Pearl of Africa Fashion Awards |Omuyiiya w'emisono ow'omwaka |Yasunsulwa | |- |Swahili Fashion week |Omuyiiya w'emisono ow'omwaka mu Buvanjuba bw'Afirika |Yasunsulwa | |- | rowspan="2" |2016 |Abryanz Style & Fashion Awards |Omuyiiya w'emisono ow'omwaka |Yawangula | |- |Rising star Awards |Omuyiiya w'emisono gy'abasereebu ow'omwaka |Yawangula | |- |} == Laba ne == * Abryanz * [[Stella Atal]] * [[Fatumah Asha]] * [[Sylvia Owori|Sylivia Owori]] * [[Anita Beryl]] * [[Santa Anzo]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} * kxtqyayfnap31goo6tlpfdvdaf97sb5 58577 58575 2026-07-03T15:26:42Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Ntaddemu amatuluba 58577 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abbas Kaijuka''' [[Munnayuganda]] nga munnamisono, omukugu mu kukola emisono ne dizayini era omukung’aanya w’emisono amanyiddwa olwa brand ye eya ''Kai’s Divo.''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet Kaijuka Abbas, Every Kampala Celebrity’s Favourite Fashion Stylist |url=https://bigeye.ug/meet-kaijuka-abbas-every-kampala-celebritys-favourite-fashion-stylist/ |access-date=2 November 2020 |website=Big Eye}}</ref><ref>[https://satisfashionug.com/how-kaijuka-abbas-became-kampalas-most-sought-after-stylist/ "How Kaijuka Abbas Became Kampala's Most Sought After Stylist"]. Satisfashion. Retrieved 2 November 2020.</ref><ref>[https://www.matookerepublic.com/2016/12/05/check-out-ugandan-designer-kai-divos-collection-at-swahili-fashion-week/ "Check out Ugandan designer Kai Divo's collection at Swahili Fashion Week"]. Matooke Republic. Retrieved 2 November 2020.</ref> == Engule n'okusiimibwa == Ono yawangula engule y’omusajja asinga mu by'emisono mu Buvanjuba bw'Afirika mu mpaka za East Africa Fashion Awards eza 2020 ate n’afuna engule y’emisono gy’omwaka mu mpaka za Abryanz Style & Fashion Awards eza 2016 era yafuna okusunsulwa okw’enjawulo omuli n’engule eweebwa dizayina asinze mu Buvanjuba bw'Afirika mu 2017 eya Swahili Fashion Week.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ABBAS, KANSIIME, MCENSAL SCHOOL OF FASHION, SWAHILI FASHION WEEK EMERGE WINNERS AT EAST AFRICA FASHION AWARDS 2020 |url=https://hautefashionafrica.com/abbas-kansiime-mcensal-school-of-fashion-swahili-fashion-week-emerge-winners-at-east-africa-fashion-awards-2020/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128135316/https://hautefashionafrica.com/abbas-kansiime-mcensal-school-of-fashion-swahili-fashion-week-emerge-winners-at-east-africa-fashion-awards-2020/ |archive-date=28 November 2021 |access-date=1 November 2020 |website=Haute Fashion Africa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kawalha |first=Shamim |title=Abbas Kaijuka Reveals Success Behind his Fashion Line |url=https://chimpreports.com/abbas-kaijuka-reveals-success-behind-his-fashion-line/ |access-date=1 November 2020 |website=Chimp Reports}}</ref><ref>[https://blizz.co.ug/1520/Remas-Designer--Abbas-Kaijuka-Wins-Designer-of-the-Year-Award-at-Mens-Fashion-Week-Nigeria "Rema's Designer Abbas Kaijuka Wins 'Designer of the Year Award' at Men's Fashion Week Nigeria"]. Blizz. Retrieved 1 November 2020.</ref><ref>[https://www.sqoop.co.ug/201908/features/the-uganda-international-fashion-week-as-it-happened.html "The Uganda International Fashion Week as it happened: Kaijuka Abbas from Uganda"]. Sqoop. Retrieved 2 November 2020.</ref> == Engule n’okusunsulwa == {| class="wikitable" width="" ! colspan="6" style="background: #FBFC8A;" |Engule n'okusunsulwa |- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;" !Omwaka !Engule !Etuluba !Ebyavaamu !Ref |- |2021 |African Fashion Designer Awards |Ekika ky'emisono ekisinga obulungi mu Afrika |Yawangula |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ruby |first=Josh |date=2021-11-22 |title=Kaijuka Abbas wins big at African Fashion Designer Awards 2021 in Nigeria |url=https://mbu.ug/2021/11/22/kaijuka-abbas-wins-big-at-african-fashion-designer-awards-2021-in-nigeria/ |access-date=2024-11-18 |website=MBU |language=en-US}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2020 | rowspan="2" |East Africa Fashion Awards |Munnamisono omusajja asinga mu Buvanjuba bw'Afirika |Yawangula |<ref>[https://satisfashionug.com/abbas-kaijuka-stands-to-win-african-male-designer-in-this-years-designer-awards-africa/ "Abbas Kaijuka stands to win African male designer in this years designer awards Africa"]. Satisfashion. Retrieved 2 November 2020.</ref> <ref>Ruby, Josh. [https://mbu.ug/2019/12/01/ugandan-designer-kaijuka-abbas-wins-top-african-award-in-nigeria/ "Ugandan designer Kaijuka Abbas wins top African award in Nigeria"]. Mbu. Retrieved 1 November 2020.</ref> |- |Dizayina w'omwaka |Yasunsulwa | |- | rowspan="2" |2019 |Abryanz Style & Fashion Awards |Munnamisono asinze ow'omwaka |Yawangula | |- |The Man Awards Nigeria |Munnamisono asinze ow'omwaka mu Africa |Yawangula |<ref>[https://satisfashionug.com/its-official-abbas-kaijuka-is-the-designer-of-the-year/ "It's Official, Abbas Kaijuka Is The Designer Of The Year"]. Satisfashion. Retrieved 1 November 2020.</ref> |- | rowspan="4" |2018 |Abryanz Style & Fashion Awards |Omuyiiya w'emisono ow'omwaka |Yasunsulwa | |- |Pearl of Africa Fashion Awards |Omuyiiya w'emisono ow'omwaka |Yasunsulwa | |- |The Man Awards, Nigeria |Dizayina w'omwaka mu Africa |Yasunsulwa | |- |Swahili Fashion week |Dizayina w'omwaka mu Buvanjuba bw'Afirika |Yasunsulwa | <ref>Batuta, Gloria. [https://web.archive.org/web/20171209150035/http://chano8.com/kaijuka-abbas-represents-ug-at-swahili-fashion-week/ "Kaijuka Abbas Represents UG At Swahili Fashion Week"]. Chano8. Archived from [https://chano8.com/kaijuka-abbas-represents-ug-at-swahili-fashion-week/ the original] on December 9, 2017. Retrieved 2 November 2020.</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=See Every Look From Kai’s Divo Collection’s New Collection Presented at Swahili Fashion Week |url=https://satisfashionug.com/see-every-look-from-kais-divo-collections-new-collection-presented-at-swahili-fashion-week/ |access-date=2 November 2020 |website=Satisfashion Ug}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2017 |Abryanz Style & Fashion Awards |Omuyiiya w'emisono ow'omwaka |Yasunsulwa | |- |Pearl of Africa Fashion Awards |Omuyiiya w'emisono ow'omwaka |Yasunsulwa | |- |Swahili Fashion week |Omuyiiya w'emisono ow'omwaka mu Buvanjuba bw'Afirika |Yasunsulwa | |- | rowspan="2" |2016 |Abryanz Style & Fashion Awards |Omuyiiya w'emisono ow'omwaka |Yawangula | |- |Rising star Awards |Omuyiiya w'emisono gy'abasereebu ow'omwaka |Yawangula | |- |} == Laba ne == * Abryanz * [[Stella Atal]] * [[Fatumah Asha]] * [[Sylvia Owori|Sylivia Owori]] * [[Anita Beryl]] * [[Santa Anzo]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} * [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abazaalwa mu 1989]] [[Category:Bannayuganda Bannamisono]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abatanidisi b'emirimu ab'ekyasa ky'abiri mwekimu]] hdxmavc1l98gb6nfzifaxecqiu67loc Adam Mugume 0 13208 58520 58510 2026-07-03T12:31:49Z 24RAY 11014 /* Ebirala by’olina okutunulira */ empandiika 58520 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Adam Mugume''' munnayuganda [[:en:Economist|omukugu mu by’enfuna]] era akola nga Dayirekita w’okunoonyereza n’enkola mu [[:en:Bank_of_Uganda|Bank ya Uganda enkulu]], ekifo ky’abaddeko okuva mu 2011. Okuva nga 27 Ogwokusatu 2020 okutuuka nga 3 Ogwomunaana 2020, Dr Mugume yaweereza ng’omumyuka wa Gavana wa Bank ya Uganda , [[:en:Central_bank|banka enkulu]] ey’eggwanga, mu buyinza,<ref name="1R">Ismail Musa Ladu (27 March 2020). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Dr-Adam-Mugume-perform-deputy-governor-duties-BoU/688334-5506570-7veh5b/index.html "Dr Adam Mugume to perform deputy governor duties at BoU"]. ''[[:en:Daily_Monitor|Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 13 June 2020.</ref> nga [[:en:Michael_Atingi-Ego|Michael Atingi-Ego]], Omumyuka wa Gavana tanayingira ofiisi.<ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Eagle Uganda |date=3 August 2020 |title=Dr. Michael Atingi-Ego assumes role as BoU Deputy Governor |url=https://eagle.co.ug/2020/08/03/dr-michael-atingi-ego-assumes-role-as-bou-deputy-governor.html |access-date=1 September 2020 |publisher=Eagle Uganda |place=Kampala}}</ref> == Okusoma kwe == Mugume alina diguli ya [[:en:Bachelor_of_Arts|Bachelor of Arts]] ( BA ) mu [[:en:Economics|by'enfuna]] okuva mu [[:en:Makerere_University|yunivasite y'e Makerere]] . Diguli ye eyookubiri eya [[:en:Master_of_Arts|Master of Arts]] ( MA ) mu by'enfuna yagifunira kuva mu [[:en:University_of_Botswana|yunivasite y'e Botswana]] e [[:en:Gaborone|Gaborone]] . Diguli ye eyookusatu eya [[:en:Doctor_of_Philosophy|Doctor of Philosophy]] ( [[:en:PhD|PhD]] ), mu by’enfuna, yamuweebwa [[:en:University_of_Oxford|Yunivasite y’e Oxford]] mu [[:en:United_Kingdom|Bungereza]].<ref name="1R"/> == Emirimu gye == Adam Mugume yaliko akulira ekitongole kya Economic Theory and Analysis mu yunivasite y’e Makerere. Yasomesa [[:en:Econometrics|econometrics]], [[:en:Course_(education)|essomo]] eritwalibwa okuba nga lyesinga obuzibu, abo be yasomesa. Omukugu mu kuteebereza ebyenfuna n’okwekenneenya enkola. Ebitundu ebirala by’akugukamu mulimu eby’enfuna ebinene, eby’enfuna ebikozesebwa, n’enkola z’ebyensimbi n’ensimbi.<ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=Alon Mwesigwa |date=10 July 2015 |title=Who Will Be Bank of Uganda Boss? |url=https://observer.ug/news-headlines/38674-who-will-be-bank-of-uganda-boss |access-date=13 June 2020}}</ref> == Ebirala by’olina okutunulira == Mu Ogwolubereberye 2020, endagaano y’omulimu eya Louis Kasekende, omumyuka wa Gavana wa Bank ya Uganda okuva mu 2010 okutuuka mu 2020 yaggwaako, oluvannyuma lw’ebisanja by’emyaka 5 bibiri eby’omuddiring’anwa . Endagaano eno teyazzibwa buggya mukulembeze w’eggwanga; akakyiko akavunaanyizibwa ku by'okulonda. Bwatyo Kasekende yava mu banka enkulu.<ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Arthur Arnold Wadero |date=20 January 2020 |title=Kasekende bows out, bids farewell to BoU Staff |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Kasekende-says-bye-BoU-staff/688334-5424416-h1yb8j/index.html |access-date=15 June 2020}}</ref> Nga 27 Ogwokusatu 2020, nga wayise emyezi ebiri ng’ekifo kino kikalu, akakiiko akaba Diyirekita ba bbanka enkulu, nga lukulirwa ssentebe waalwo, lwalonda Mugume okukola ng’omumyuka wa Gavana wa bbanka enkulu, okutuusa ng’omuntu ow'enkalakkalira alondeddwa pulezidenti wa Uganda.<ref name="5R">{{Cite web |last=SoftPower |date=27 March 2020 |title=Adam Mugume Named Acting BOU Deputy Governor |url=https://www.softpower.ug/dr-adam-mugume-named-acting-bou-deputy-governor/ |access-date=15 June 2020 |publisher=SoftPower Uganda}}</ref> Nga wayise ennaku bbiri, [[:en:President_of_Uganda|pulezidenti wa Uganda]], yalonda Michael Atingi-Ego ng’omumyuka wa Gavana wa Bank of Uganda omuggya ow'enkalakkalira.<ref name="6R">{{Cite web |last=George Okello |date=29 March 2020 |title=Museveni names Dr. Ating-Ego new BoU Deputy Governor |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2020/03/breaking-ating-ego-appointed-new-bou-deputy-governor.html |access-date=15 June 2020 |publisher=PML Daily}}</ref>Atingi-Ego yakakasibwa Paalamenti nga 16 Ogwokuna 2020.<ref name="8R">{{Cite web |last=Jolly Gwari |date=6 June 2020 |title=Covid-19 RECOVERY: Banks to restructure loan Portfolios – BoU |url=https://redpepper.co.ug/2020/06/covid-19-recovery-banks-to-restructure-loan-portfolio-bou/ |access-date=15 June 2020 |archive-date=14 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614221906/https://redpepper.co.ug/2020/06/covid-19-recovery-banks-to-restructure-loan-portfolio-bou/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Newankubadde, olw'obukwakkulizo bw'okutambula olw'ekirwadde kya Covid-19, yali tanaba kuva Zimbabwe kudda Uganda okutwala omulimu gwe, n'olwekyo Mugume yali amyuka Gavana okutuuka mu Gwomukaaga 2020.<ref name="7R">Jolly Gwari (6 June 2020). [https://redpepper.co.ug/2020/06/covid-19-recovery-banks-to-restructure-loan-portfolio-bou/ "Covid-19 RECOVERY: Banks to restructure loan Portfolios – BoU"]. ''[[:en:Red_Pepper_(newspaper)|Red Pepper]]''. Mukono, Uganda. Retrieved 15 June 2020.</ref>[[Parliament of Uganda|​]] == Laba ne == * [[:en:Louis_Kasekende|Louis Kasekende]] * [[:en:Emmanuel_Tumusiime-Mutebile|Emmanuel Tumusiime-Mutebile]] * Omuyimbi Michael Atingi-Ego == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * [https://www.bou.or.ug/ Banka ya Uganda Homepage] cdvvv7s0nsli9ai87mmn047lbnsezkj 58521 58520 2026-07-03T12:34:05Z 24RAY 11014 /* Ebirala by’olina okutunulira */ Ngasseeko obutindo 58521 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Adam Mugume''' munnayuganda [[:en:Economist|omukugu mu by’enfuna]] era akola nga Dayirekita w’okunoonyereza n’enkola mu [[:en:Bank_of_Uganda|Bank ya Uganda enkulu]], ekifo ky’abaddeko okuva mu 2011. Okuva nga 27 Ogwokusatu 2020 okutuuka nga 3 Ogwomunaana 2020, Dr Mugume yaweereza ng’omumyuka wa Gavana wa Bank ya Uganda , [[:en:Central_bank|banka enkulu]] ey’eggwanga, mu buyinza,<ref name="1R">Ismail Musa Ladu (27 March 2020). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Dr-Adam-Mugume-perform-deputy-governor-duties-BoU/688334-5506570-7veh5b/index.html "Dr Adam Mugume to perform deputy governor duties at BoU"]. ''[[:en:Daily_Monitor|Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 13 June 2020.</ref> nga [[:en:Michael_Atingi-Ego|Michael Atingi-Ego]], Omumyuka wa Gavana tanayingira ofiisi.<ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Eagle Uganda |date=3 August 2020 |title=Dr. Michael Atingi-Ego assumes role as BoU Deputy Governor |url=https://eagle.co.ug/2020/08/03/dr-michael-atingi-ego-assumes-role-as-bou-deputy-governor.html |access-date=1 September 2020 |publisher=Eagle Uganda |place=Kampala}}</ref> == Okusoma kwe == Mugume alina diguli ya [[:en:Bachelor_of_Arts|Bachelor of Arts]] ( BA ) mu [[:en:Economics|by'enfuna]] okuva mu [[:en:Makerere_University|yunivasite y'e Makerere]] . Diguli ye eyookubiri eya [[:en:Master_of_Arts|Master of Arts]] ( MA ) mu by'enfuna yagifunira kuva mu [[:en:University_of_Botswana|yunivasite y'e Botswana]] e [[:en:Gaborone|Gaborone]] . Diguli ye eyookusatu eya [[:en:Doctor_of_Philosophy|Doctor of Philosophy]] ( [[:en:PhD|PhD]] ), mu by’enfuna, yamuweebwa [[:en:University_of_Oxford|Yunivasite y’e Oxford]] mu [[:en:United_Kingdom|Bungereza]].<ref name="1R"/> == Emirimu gye == Adam Mugume yaliko akulira ekitongole kya Economic Theory and Analysis mu yunivasite y’e Makerere. Yasomesa [[:en:Econometrics|econometrics]], [[:en:Course_(education)|essomo]] eritwalibwa okuba nga lyesinga obuzibu, abo be yasomesa. Omukugu mu kuteebereza ebyenfuna n’okwekenneenya enkola. Ebitundu ebirala by’akugukamu mulimu eby’enfuna ebinene, eby’enfuna ebikozesebwa, n’enkola z’ebyensimbi n’ensimbi.<ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=Alon Mwesigwa |date=10 July 2015 |title=Who Will Be Bank of Uganda Boss? |url=https://observer.ug/news-headlines/38674-who-will-be-bank-of-uganda-boss |access-date=13 June 2020}}</ref> == Ebirala by’olina okutunulira == Mu Ogwolubereberye 2020, endagaano y’omulimu eya Louis Kasekende, omumyuka wa Gavana wa Bank ya Uganda okuva mu 2010 okutuuka mu 2020 yaggwaako, oluvannyuma lw’ebisanja by’emyaka 5 bibiri eby’omuddiring’anwa . Endagaano eno teyazzibwa buggya mukulembeze w’eggwanga; akakyiko akavunaanyizibwa ku by'okulonda. Bwatyo Kasekende yava mu banka enkulu.<ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Arthur Arnold Wadero |date=20 January 2020 |title=Kasekende bows out, bids farewell to BoU Staff |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Kasekende-says-bye-BoU-staff/688334-5424416-h1yb8j/index.html |access-date=15 June 2020}}</ref> Nga 27 Ogwokusatu 2020, nga wayise emyezi ebiri ng’ekifo kino kikalu, akakiiko akaba Diyirekita ba bbanka enkulu, nga lukulirwa ssentebe waalwo, lwalonda Mugume okukola ng’omumyuka wa Gavana wa bbanka enkulu, okutuusa ng’omuntu ow'enkalakkalira alondeddwa pulezidenti wa Uganda.<ref name="5R">{{Cite web |last=SoftPower |date=27 March 2020 |title=Adam Mugume Named Acting BOU Deputy Governor |url=https://www.softpower.ug/dr-adam-mugume-named-acting-bou-deputy-governor/ |access-date=15 June 2020 |publisher=SoftPower Uganda}}</ref> Nga wayise ennaku bbiri, [[Yoweri Museveni|pulezidenti wa Uganda]], yalonda Michael Atingi-Ego ng’omumyuka wa Gavana wa Bank of Uganda omuggya ow'enkalakkalira.<ref name="6R">{{Cite web |last=George Okello |date=29 March 2020 |title=Museveni names Dr. Ating-Ego new BoU Deputy Governor |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2020/03/breaking-ating-ego-appointed-new-bou-deputy-governor.html |access-date=15 June 2020 |publisher=PML Daily}}</ref>Atingi-Ego yakakasibwa Paalamenti nga 16 Ogwokuna 2020.<ref name="8R">{{Cite web |last=Jolly Gwari |date=6 June 2020 |title=Covid-19 RECOVERY: Banks to restructure loan Portfolios – BoU |url=https://redpepper.co.ug/2020/06/covid-19-recovery-banks-to-restructure-loan-portfolio-bou/ |access-date=15 June 2020 |archive-date=14 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614221906/https://redpepper.co.ug/2020/06/covid-19-recovery-banks-to-restructure-loan-portfolio-bou/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Newankubadde, olw'obukwakkulizo bw'okutambula olw'ekirwadde kya Covid-19, yali tanaba kuva Zimbabwe kudda Uganda okutwala omulimu gwe, n'olwekyo Mugume yali amyuka Gavana okutuuka mu Gwomukaaga 2020.<ref name="7R">Jolly Gwari (6 June 2020). [https://redpepper.co.ug/2020/06/covid-19-recovery-banks-to-restructure-loan-portfolio-bou/ "Covid-19 RECOVERY: Banks to restructure loan Portfolios – BoU"]. ''[[:en:Red_Pepper_(newspaper)|Red Pepper]]''. Mukono, Uganda. Retrieved 15 June 2020.</ref>[[Parliament of Uganda|​]] == Laba ne == * [[:en:Louis_Kasekende|Louis Kasekende]] * [[:en:Emmanuel_Tumusiime-Mutebile|Emmanuel Tumusiime-Mutebile]] * Omuyimbi Michael Atingi-Ego == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * [https://www.bou.or.ug/ Banka ya Uganda Homepage] 0fkwz48gweiionn1qg9c2b4gms2v80o 58522 58521 2026-07-03T12:35:20Z 24RAY 11014 /* Ebirala by’olina okutunulira */ Ngasseeko obutindo 58522 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Adam Mugume''' munnayuganda [[:en:Economist|omukugu mu by’enfuna]] era akola nga Dayirekita w’okunoonyereza n’enkola mu [[:en:Bank_of_Uganda|Bank ya Uganda enkulu]], ekifo ky’abaddeko okuva mu 2011. Okuva nga 27 Ogwokusatu 2020 okutuuka nga 3 Ogwomunaana 2020, Dr Mugume yaweereza ng’omumyuka wa Gavana wa Bank ya Uganda , [[:en:Central_bank|banka enkulu]] ey’eggwanga, mu buyinza,<ref name="1R">Ismail Musa Ladu (27 March 2020). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Dr-Adam-Mugume-perform-deputy-governor-duties-BoU/688334-5506570-7veh5b/index.html "Dr Adam Mugume to perform deputy governor duties at BoU"]. ''[[:en:Daily_Monitor|Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 13 June 2020.</ref> nga [[:en:Michael_Atingi-Ego|Michael Atingi-Ego]], Omumyuka wa Gavana tanayingira ofiisi.<ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Eagle Uganda |date=3 August 2020 |title=Dr. Michael Atingi-Ego assumes role as BoU Deputy Governor |url=https://eagle.co.ug/2020/08/03/dr-michael-atingi-ego-assumes-role-as-bou-deputy-governor.html |access-date=1 September 2020 |publisher=Eagle Uganda |place=Kampala}}</ref> == Okusoma kwe == Mugume alina diguli ya [[:en:Bachelor_of_Arts|Bachelor of Arts]] ( BA ) mu [[:en:Economics|by'enfuna]] okuva mu [[:en:Makerere_University|yunivasite y'e Makerere]] . Diguli ye eyookubiri eya [[:en:Master_of_Arts|Master of Arts]] ( MA ) mu by'enfuna yagifunira kuva mu [[:en:University_of_Botswana|yunivasite y'e Botswana]] e [[:en:Gaborone|Gaborone]] . Diguli ye eyookusatu eya [[:en:Doctor_of_Philosophy|Doctor of Philosophy]] ( [[:en:PhD|PhD]] ), mu by’enfuna, yamuweebwa [[:en:University_of_Oxford|Yunivasite y’e Oxford]] mu [[:en:United_Kingdom|Bungereza]].<ref name="1R"/> == Emirimu gye == Adam Mugume yaliko akulira ekitongole kya Economic Theory and Analysis mu yunivasite y’e Makerere. Yasomesa [[:en:Econometrics|econometrics]], [[:en:Course_(education)|essomo]] eritwalibwa okuba nga lyesinga obuzibu, abo be yasomesa. Omukugu mu kuteebereza ebyenfuna n’okwekenneenya enkola. Ebitundu ebirala by’akugukamu mulimu eby’enfuna ebinene, eby’enfuna ebikozesebwa, n’enkola z’ebyensimbi n’ensimbi.<ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=Alon Mwesigwa |date=10 July 2015 |title=Who Will Be Bank of Uganda Boss? |url=https://observer.ug/news-headlines/38674-who-will-be-bank-of-uganda-boss |access-date=13 June 2020}}</ref> == Ebirala by’olina okutunulira == Mu Ogwolubereberye 2020, endagaano y’omulimu eya Louis Kasekende, omumyuka wa Gavana wa Bank ya Uganda okuva mu 2010 okutuuka mu 2020 yaggwaako, oluvannyuma lw’ebisanja by’emyaka 5 bibiri eby’omuddiring’anwa . Endagaano eno teyazzibwa buggya mukulembeze w’eggwanga; akakyiko akavunaanyizibwa ku by'okulonda. Bwatyo Kasekende yava mu banka enkulu.<ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Arthur Arnold Wadero |date=20 January 2020 |title=Kasekende bows out, bids farewell to BoU Staff |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Kasekende-says-bye-BoU-staff/688334-5424416-h1yb8j/index.html |access-date=15 June 2020}}</ref> Nga 27 Ogwokusatu 2020, nga wayise emyezi ebiri ng’ekifo kino kikalu, akakiiko akaba Diyirekita ba bbanka enkulu, nga lukulirwa ssentebe waalwo, lwalonda Mugume okukola ng’omumyuka wa Gavana wa bbanka enkulu, okutuusa ng’omuntu ow'enkalakkalira alondeddwa pulezidenti wa Uganda.<ref name="5R">{{Cite web |last=SoftPower |date=27 March 2020 |title=Adam Mugume Named Acting BOU Deputy Governor |url=https://www.softpower.ug/dr-adam-mugume-named-acting-bou-deputy-governor/ |access-date=15 June 2020 |publisher=SoftPower Uganda}}</ref> Nga wayise ennaku bbiri, [[Yoweri Museveni|pulezidenti wa Uganda]], yalonda Michael Atingi-Ego ng’omumyuka wa Gavana wa Bank of Uganda omuggya ow'enkalakkalira.<ref name="6R">{{Cite web |last=George Okello |date=29 March 2020 |title=Museveni names Dr. Ating-Ego new BoU Deputy Governor |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2020/03/breaking-ating-ego-appointed-new-bou-deputy-governor.html |access-date=15 June 2020 |publisher=PML Daily}}</ref>Atingi-Ego yakakasibwa [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti]] nga 16 Ogwokuna 2020.<ref name="8R">{{Cite web |last=Jolly Gwari |date=6 June 2020 |title=Covid-19 RECOVERY: Banks to restructure loan Portfolios – BoU |url=https://redpepper.co.ug/2020/06/covid-19-recovery-banks-to-restructure-loan-portfolio-bou/ |access-date=15 June 2020 |archive-date=14 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614221906/https://redpepper.co.ug/2020/06/covid-19-recovery-banks-to-restructure-loan-portfolio-bou/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Newankubadde, olw'obukwakkulizo bw'okutambula olw'ekirwadde kya Covid-19, yali tanaba kuva Zimbabwe kudda Uganda okutwala omulimu gwe, n'olwekyo Mugume yali amyuka Gavana okutuuka mu Gwomukaaga 2020.<ref name="7R">Jolly Gwari (6 June 2020). [https://redpepper.co.ug/2020/06/covid-19-recovery-banks-to-restructure-loan-portfolio-bou/ "Covid-19 RECOVERY: Banks to restructure loan Portfolios – BoU"]. ''[[:en:Red_Pepper_(newspaper)|Red Pepper]]''. Mukono, Uganda. Retrieved 15 June 2020.</ref>[[Parliament of Uganda|​]] == Laba ne == * [[:en:Louis_Kasekende|Louis Kasekende]] * [[:en:Emmanuel_Tumusiime-Mutebile|Emmanuel Tumusiime-Mutebile]] * Omuyimbi Michael Atingi-Ego == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * [https://www.bou.or.ug/ Banka ya Uganda Homepage] j63m5igd6nftyrab6l40xdh5cxai4xm 58525 58522 2026-07-03T13:15:49Z 24RAY 11014 /* Emirimu gye */ obutindo n'empandiika 58525 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Adam Mugume''' munnayuganda [[:en:Economist|omukugu mu by’enfuna]] era akola nga Dayirekita w’okunoonyereza n’enkola mu [[:en:Bank_of_Uganda|Bank ya Uganda enkulu]], ekifo ky’abaddeko okuva mu 2011. Okuva nga 27 Ogwokusatu 2020 okutuuka nga 3 Ogwomunaana 2020, Dr Mugume yaweereza ng’omumyuka wa Gavana wa Bank ya Uganda , [[:en:Central_bank|banka enkulu]] ey’eggwanga, mu buyinza,<ref name="1R">Ismail Musa Ladu (27 March 2020). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Dr-Adam-Mugume-perform-deputy-governor-duties-BoU/688334-5506570-7veh5b/index.html "Dr Adam Mugume to perform deputy governor duties at BoU"]. ''[[:en:Daily_Monitor|Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 13 June 2020.</ref> nga [[:en:Michael_Atingi-Ego|Michael Atingi-Ego]], Omumyuka wa Gavana tanayingira ofiisi.<ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Eagle Uganda |date=3 August 2020 |title=Dr. Michael Atingi-Ego assumes role as BoU Deputy Governor |url=https://eagle.co.ug/2020/08/03/dr-michael-atingi-ego-assumes-role-as-bou-deputy-governor.html |access-date=1 September 2020 |publisher=Eagle Uganda |place=Kampala}}</ref> == Okusoma kwe == Mugume alina diguli ya [[:en:Bachelor_of_Arts|Bachelor of Arts]] ( BA ) mu [[:en:Economics|by'enfuna]] okuva mu [[:en:Makerere_University|yunivasite y'e Makerere]] . Diguli ye eyookubiri eya [[:en:Master_of_Arts|Master of Arts]] ( MA ) mu by'enfuna yagifunira kuva mu [[:en:University_of_Botswana|yunivasite y'e Botswana]] e [[:en:Gaborone|Gaborone]] . Diguli ye eyookusatu eya [[:en:Doctor_of_Philosophy|Doctor of Philosophy]] ( [[:en:PhD|PhD]] ), mu by’enfuna, yamuweebwa [[:en:University_of_Oxford|Yunivasite y’e Oxford]] mu [[:en:United_Kingdom|Bungereza]].<ref name="1R"/> == Emirimu gye == Adam Mugume yawereza nga omukulu w' ekitongole ky'eby'enfuna Theory and Analysis ku yunivasite y’e Makerere. Yasomesa nga essomo [[Ebyembalirira n'ebyenfuna|ly'ebyembalirira n'ebyenfuna]] (econometrics), essomo eritwalibwa okuba nga ly'erisinga obuzibu, bwabo be yasomesa. Omukugu mu kuteebereza ebyenfuna n’okwekenneenya enkola. Ebitundu ebirala byeyakugukamu mulimu eby'enfuna by'eggwanga lyonna, omuli ebyembalirira n'ebyenfuna, n'enkola ya Gavumenti ey'eby'ensimbi n'emisolo awamu n'enkola y'eby'ensimbi n'ebyamabbanja.<ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=Alon Mwesigwa |date=10 July 2015 |title=Who Will Be Bank of Uganda Boss? |url=https://observer.ug/news-headlines/38674-who-will-be-bank-of-uganda-boss |access-date=13 June 2020}}</ref> == Ebirala by’olina okutunulira == Mu Ogwolubereberye 2020, endagaano y’omulimu eya Louis Kasekende, omumyuka wa Gavana wa Bank ya Uganda okuva mu 2010 okutuuka mu 2020 yaggwaako, oluvannyuma lw’ebisanja by’emyaka 5 bibiri eby’omuddiring’anwa . Endagaano eno teyazzibwa buggya mukulembeze w’eggwanga; akakyiko akavunaanyizibwa ku by'okulonda. Bwatyo Kasekende yava mu banka enkulu.<ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Arthur Arnold Wadero |date=20 January 2020 |title=Kasekende bows out, bids farewell to BoU Staff |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Kasekende-says-bye-BoU-staff/688334-5424416-h1yb8j/index.html |access-date=15 June 2020}}</ref> Nga 27 Ogwokusatu 2020, nga wayise emyezi ebiri ng’ekifo kino kikalu, akakiiko akaba Diyirekita ba bbanka enkulu, nga lukulirwa ssentebe waalwo, lwalonda Mugume okukola ng’omumyuka wa Gavana wa bbanka enkulu, okutuusa ng’omuntu ow'enkalakkalira alondeddwa pulezidenti wa Uganda.<ref name="5R">{{Cite web |last=SoftPower |date=27 March 2020 |title=Adam Mugume Named Acting BOU Deputy Governor |url=https://www.softpower.ug/dr-adam-mugume-named-acting-bou-deputy-governor/ |access-date=15 June 2020 |publisher=SoftPower Uganda}}</ref> Nga wayise ennaku bbiri, [[Yoweri Museveni|pulezidenti wa Uganda]], yalonda Michael Atingi-Ego ng’omumyuka wa Gavana wa Bank of Uganda omuggya ow'enkalakkalira.<ref name="6R">{{Cite web |last=George Okello |date=29 March 2020 |title=Museveni names Dr. Ating-Ego new BoU Deputy Governor |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2020/03/breaking-ating-ego-appointed-new-bou-deputy-governor.html |access-date=15 June 2020 |publisher=PML Daily}}</ref>Atingi-Ego yakakasibwa [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti]] nga 16 Ogwokuna 2020.<ref name="8R">{{Cite web |last=Jolly Gwari |date=6 June 2020 |title=Covid-19 RECOVERY: Banks to restructure loan Portfolios – BoU |url=https://redpepper.co.ug/2020/06/covid-19-recovery-banks-to-restructure-loan-portfolio-bou/ |access-date=15 June 2020 |archive-date=14 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614221906/https://redpepper.co.ug/2020/06/covid-19-recovery-banks-to-restructure-loan-portfolio-bou/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Newankubadde, olw'obukwakkulizo bw'okutambula olw'ekirwadde kya Covid-19, yali tanaba kuva Zimbabwe kudda Uganda okutwala omulimu gwe, n'olwekyo Mugume yali amyuka Gavana okutuuka mu Gwomukaaga 2020.<ref name="7R">Jolly Gwari (6 June 2020). [https://redpepper.co.ug/2020/06/covid-19-recovery-banks-to-restructure-loan-portfolio-bou/ "Covid-19 RECOVERY: Banks to restructure loan Portfolios – BoU"]. ''[[:en:Red_Pepper_(newspaper)|Red Pepper]]''. Mukono, Uganda. Retrieved 15 June 2020.</ref>[[Parliament of Uganda|​]] == Laba ne == * [[:en:Louis_Kasekende|Louis Kasekende]] * [[:en:Emmanuel_Tumusiime-Mutebile|Emmanuel Tumusiime-Mutebile]] * Omuyimbi Michael Atingi-Ego == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * [https://www.bou.or.ug/ Banka ya Uganda Homepage] nfk61ottyeexyc6bmpvhbpeeq1hxygr 58526 58525 2026-07-03T13:32:50Z 24RAY 11014 /* Okusoma kwe */ ngasseeko obutindo 58526 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Adam Mugume''' munnayuganda [[:en:Economist|omukugu mu by’enfuna]] era akola nga Dayirekita w’okunoonyereza n’enkola mu [[:en:Bank_of_Uganda|Bank ya Uganda enkulu]], ekifo ky’abaddeko okuva mu 2011. Okuva nga 27 Ogwokusatu 2020 okutuuka nga 3 Ogwomunaana 2020, Dr Mugume yaweereza ng’omumyuka wa Gavana wa Bank ya Uganda , [[:en:Central_bank|banka enkulu]] ey’eggwanga, mu buyinza,<ref name="1R">Ismail Musa Ladu (27 March 2020). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Dr-Adam-Mugume-perform-deputy-governor-duties-BoU/688334-5506570-7veh5b/index.html "Dr Adam Mugume to perform deputy governor duties at BoU"]. ''[[:en:Daily_Monitor|Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 13 June 2020.</ref> nga [[:en:Michael_Atingi-Ego|Michael Atingi-Ego]], Omumyuka wa Gavana tanayingira ofiisi.<ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Eagle Uganda |date=3 August 2020 |title=Dr. Michael Atingi-Ego assumes role as BoU Deputy Governor |url=https://eagle.co.ug/2020/08/03/dr-michael-atingi-ego-assumes-role-as-bou-deputy-governor.html |access-date=1 September 2020 |publisher=Eagle Uganda |place=Kampala}}</ref> == Okusoma kwe == Mugume alina diguli y'esookerwako mu Bachelor of Arts ( BA ) mu by'enfuna okuva mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y'e Makerere]] . Diguli y'eyookubiri eya [[:en:Master_of_Arts|Master of Arts]] ( MA ) mu by'enfuna yagifunira kuva mu [[yunivasite y'e Botswana]] e Gaborone . Diguli ye eyookusatu eya [[Doctor of Philosophy]] ( [[:en:PhD|PhD]] ), mu by’enfuna, yamuweebwa [[Yunivasite y’e Oxford]] mu Bungereza.<ref name="1R"/> == Emirimu gye == Adam Mugume yawereza nga omukulu w' ekitongole ky'eby'enfuna Theory and Analysis ku yunivasite y’e Makerere. Yasomesa nga essomo [[Ebyembalirira n'ebyenfuna|ly'ebyembalirira n'ebyenfuna]] (econometrics), essomo eritwalibwa okuba nga ly'erisinga obuzibu, bwabo be yasomesa. Omukugu mu kuteebereza ebyenfuna n’okwekenneenya enkola. Ebitundu ebirala byeyakugukamu mulimu eby'enfuna by'eggwanga lyonna, omuli ebyembalirira n'ebyenfuna, n'enkola ya Gavumenti ey'eby'ensimbi n'emisolo awamu n'enkola y'eby'ensimbi n'ebyamabbanja.<ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=Alon Mwesigwa |date=10 July 2015 |title=Who Will Be Bank of Uganda Boss? |url=https://observer.ug/news-headlines/38674-who-will-be-bank-of-uganda-boss |access-date=13 June 2020}}</ref> == Ebirala by’olina okutunulira == Mu Ogwolubereberye 2020, endagaano y’omulimu eya Louis Kasekende, omumyuka wa Gavana wa Bank ya Uganda okuva mu 2010 okutuuka mu 2020 yaggwaako, oluvannyuma lw’ebisanja by’emyaka 5 bibiri eby’omuddiring’anwa . Endagaano eno teyazzibwa buggya mukulembeze w’eggwanga; akakyiko akavunaanyizibwa ku by'okulonda. Bwatyo Kasekende yava mu banka enkulu.<ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Arthur Arnold Wadero |date=20 January 2020 |title=Kasekende bows out, bids farewell to BoU Staff |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Kasekende-says-bye-BoU-staff/688334-5424416-h1yb8j/index.html |access-date=15 June 2020}}</ref> Nga 27 Ogwokusatu 2020, nga wayise emyezi ebiri ng’ekifo kino kikalu, akakiiko akaba Diyirekita ba bbanka enkulu, nga lukulirwa ssentebe waalwo, lwalonda Mugume okukola ng’omumyuka wa Gavana wa bbanka enkulu, okutuusa ng’omuntu ow'enkalakkalira alondeddwa pulezidenti wa Uganda.<ref name="5R">{{Cite web |last=SoftPower |date=27 March 2020 |title=Adam Mugume Named Acting BOU Deputy Governor |url=https://www.softpower.ug/dr-adam-mugume-named-acting-bou-deputy-governor/ |access-date=15 June 2020 |publisher=SoftPower Uganda}}</ref> Nga wayise ennaku bbiri, [[Yoweri Museveni|pulezidenti wa Uganda]], yalonda Michael Atingi-Ego ng’omumyuka wa Gavana wa Bank of Uganda omuggya ow'enkalakkalira.<ref name="6R">{{Cite web |last=George Okello |date=29 March 2020 |title=Museveni names Dr. Ating-Ego new BoU Deputy Governor |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2020/03/breaking-ating-ego-appointed-new-bou-deputy-governor.html |access-date=15 June 2020 |publisher=PML Daily}}</ref>Atingi-Ego yakakasibwa [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti]] nga 16 Ogwokuna 2020.<ref name="8R">{{Cite web |last=Jolly Gwari |date=6 June 2020 |title=Covid-19 RECOVERY: Banks to restructure loan Portfolios – BoU |url=https://redpepper.co.ug/2020/06/covid-19-recovery-banks-to-restructure-loan-portfolio-bou/ |access-date=15 June 2020 |archive-date=14 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614221906/https://redpepper.co.ug/2020/06/covid-19-recovery-banks-to-restructure-loan-portfolio-bou/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Newankubadde, olw'obukwakkulizo bw'okutambula olw'ekirwadde kya Covid-19, yali tanaba kuva Zimbabwe kudda Uganda okutwala omulimu gwe, n'olwekyo Mugume yali amyuka Gavana okutuuka mu Gwomukaaga 2020.<ref name="7R">Jolly Gwari (6 June 2020). [https://redpepper.co.ug/2020/06/covid-19-recovery-banks-to-restructure-loan-portfolio-bou/ "Covid-19 RECOVERY: Banks to restructure loan Portfolios – BoU"]. ''[[:en:Red_Pepper_(newspaper)|Red Pepper]]''. Mukono, Uganda. Retrieved 15 June 2020.</ref>[[Parliament of Uganda|​]] == Laba ne == * [[:en:Louis_Kasekende|Louis Kasekende]] * [[:en:Emmanuel_Tumusiime-Mutebile|Emmanuel Tumusiime-Mutebile]] * Omuyimbi Michael Atingi-Ego == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * [https://www.bou.or.ug/ Banka ya Uganda Homepage] tsa3mjf58fhz5vyvz7pfzhe005n2ije 58528 58526 2026-07-03T13:55:14Z 24RAY 11014 Ngasseeko obutindo 58528 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} <big>'''Adam Mugume'''</big> [[Munnayuganda]], omukugu mu by’enfuna era akola nga Dayirekita weby’okunoonyereza n’enkola mu [[Bank of Uganda|Bank ya Uganda]] , ekifo ky'eyalimu okuva mu 2011. Okuva nga 27 Ogwokusatu 2020 okutuuka nga 3 Ogwomunaana 2020, Dr Mugume yaweereza ng’omumyuka wa Gavana wa Bank ya Uganda , [[Bank of Uganda|banka enkulu]] ey’eggwanga, mu buyinza,<ref name="1R">Ismail Musa Ladu (27 March 2020). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Dr-Adam-Mugume-perform-deputy-governor-duties-BoU/688334-5506570-7veh5b/index.html "Dr Adam Mugume to perform deputy governor duties at BoU"]. ''[[:en:Daily_Monitor|Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 13 June 2020.</ref> nga [[Michael Atingi-Ego]], Omumyuka wa Gavana tanayingira ofiisi.<ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Eagle Uganda |date=3 August 2020 |title=Dr. Michael Atingi-Ego assumes role as BoU Deputy Governor |url=https://eagle.co.ug/2020/08/03/dr-michael-atingi-ego-assumes-role-as-bou-deputy-governor.html |access-date=1 September 2020 |publisher=Eagle Uganda |place=Kampala}}</ref> == Okusoma kwe == Mugume alina diguli y'esookerwako mu Bachelor of Arts ( BA ) mu by'enfuna okuva mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y'e Makerere]] . Diguli y'eyookubiri eya [[:en:Master_of_Arts|Master of Arts]] ( MA ) mu by'enfuna yagifunira kuva mu [[yunivasite y'e Botswana]] e Gaborone . Diguli ye eyookusatu eya [[Doctor of Philosophy]] ( [[:en:PhD|PhD]] ), mu by’enfuna, yamuweebwa [[Yunivasite y’e Oxford]] mu Bungereza.<ref name="1R"/> == Emirimu gye == Adam Mugume yawereza nga omukulu w' ekitongole ky'eby'enfuna Theory and Analysis ku yunivasite y’e Makerere. Yasomesa nga essomo [[Ebyembalirira n'ebyenfuna|ly'ebyembalirira n'ebyenfuna]] (econometrics), essomo eritwalibwa okuba nga ly'erisinga obuzibu, bwabo be yasomesa. Omukugu mu kuteebereza ebyenfuna n’okwekenneenya enkola. Ebitundu ebirala byeyakugukamu mulimu eby'enfuna by'eggwanga lyonna, omuli ebyembalirira n'ebyenfuna, n'enkola ya Gavumenti ey'eby'ensimbi n'emisolo awamu n'enkola y'eby'ensimbi n'ebyamabbanja.<ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=Alon Mwesigwa |date=10 July 2015 |title=Who Will Be Bank of Uganda Boss? |url=https://observer.ug/news-headlines/38674-who-will-be-bank-of-uganda-boss |access-date=13 June 2020}}</ref> == Ebirala by’olina okutunulira == Mu Ogwolubereberye 2020, endagaano y’omulimu eya Louis Kasekende, omumyuka wa Gavana wa Bank ya Uganda okuva mu 2010 okutuuka mu 2020 yaggwaako, oluvannyuma lw’ebisanja by’emyaka 5 bibiri eby’omuddiring’anwa . Endagaano eno teyazzibwa buggya mukulembeze w’eggwanga; akakyiko akavunaanyizibwa ku by'okulonda. Bwatyo Kasekende yava mu banka enkulu.<ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Arthur Arnold Wadero |date=20 January 2020 |title=Kasekende bows out, bids farewell to BoU Staff |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Kasekende-says-bye-BoU-staff/688334-5424416-h1yb8j/index.html |access-date=15 June 2020}}</ref> Nga 27 Ogwokusatu 2020, nga wayise emyezi ebiri ng’ekifo kino kikalu, akakiiko akaba Diyirekita ba bbanka enkulu, nga lukulirwa ssentebe waalwo, lwalonda Mugume okukola ng’omumyuka wa Gavana wa bbanka enkulu, okutuusa ng’omuntu ow'enkalakkalira alondeddwa pulezidenti wa Uganda.<ref name="5R">{{Cite web |last=SoftPower |date=27 March 2020 |title=Adam Mugume Named Acting BOU Deputy Governor |url=https://www.softpower.ug/dr-adam-mugume-named-acting-bou-deputy-governor/ |access-date=15 June 2020 |publisher=SoftPower Uganda}}</ref> Nga wayise ennaku bbiri, [[Yoweri Museveni|pulezidenti wa Uganda]], yalonda Michael Atingi-Ego ng’omumyuka wa Gavana wa Bank of Uganda omuggya ow'enkalakkalira.<ref name="6R">{{Cite web |last=George Okello |date=29 March 2020 |title=Museveni names Dr. Ating-Ego new BoU Deputy Governor |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2020/03/breaking-ating-ego-appointed-new-bou-deputy-governor.html |access-date=15 June 2020 |publisher=PML Daily}}</ref>Atingi-Ego yakakasibwa [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti]] nga 16 Ogwokuna 2020.<ref name="8R">{{Cite web |last=Jolly Gwari |date=6 June 2020 |title=Covid-19 RECOVERY: Banks to restructure loan Portfolios – BoU |url=https://redpepper.co.ug/2020/06/covid-19-recovery-banks-to-restructure-loan-portfolio-bou/ |access-date=15 June 2020 |archive-date=14 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614221906/https://redpepper.co.ug/2020/06/covid-19-recovery-banks-to-restructure-loan-portfolio-bou/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Newankubadde, olw'obukwakkulizo bw'okutambula olw'ekirwadde kya Covid-19, yali tanaba kuva Zimbabwe kudda Uganda okutwala omulimu gwe, n'olwekyo Mugume yali amyuka Gavana okutuuka mu Gwomukaaga 2020.<ref name="7R">Jolly Gwari (6 June 2020). [https://redpepper.co.ug/2020/06/covid-19-recovery-banks-to-restructure-loan-portfolio-bou/ "Covid-19 RECOVERY: Banks to restructure loan Portfolios – BoU"]. ''[[:en:Red_Pepper_(newspaper)|Red Pepper]]''. Mukono, Uganda. Retrieved 15 June 2020.</ref>[[Parliament of Uganda|​]] == Laba ne == * [[:en:Louis_Kasekende|Louis Kasekende]] * [[:en:Emmanuel_Tumusiime-Mutebile|Emmanuel Tumusiime-Mutebile]] * Omuyimbi Michael Atingi-Ego == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * [https://www.bou.or.ug/ Banka ya Uganda Homepage] hce5tps5cep8t57c7ftu974fscexy7i 58529 58528 2026-07-03T14:00:21Z 24RAY 11014 ngasseeko amatuluba 58529 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} <big>'''Adam Mugume'''</big> [[Munnayuganda]], omukugu mu by’enfuna era akola nga Dayirekita weby’okunoonyereza n’enkola mu [[Bank of Uganda|Bank ya Uganda]] , ekifo ky'eyalimu okuva mu 2011. Okuva nga 27 Ogwokusatu 2020 okutuuka nga 3 Ogwomunaana 2020, Dr Mugume yaweereza ng’omumyuka wa Gavana wa Bank ya Uganda , [[Bank of Uganda|banka enkulu]] ey’eggwanga, mu buyinza,<ref name="1R">Ismail Musa Ladu (27 March 2020). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Dr-Adam-Mugume-perform-deputy-governor-duties-BoU/688334-5506570-7veh5b/index.html "Dr Adam Mugume to perform deputy governor duties at BoU"]. ''[[:en:Daily_Monitor|Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 13 June 2020.</ref> nga [[Michael Atingi-Ego]], Omumyuka wa Gavana tanayingira ofiisi.<ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Eagle Uganda |date=3 August 2020 |title=Dr. Michael Atingi-Ego assumes role as BoU Deputy Governor |url=https://eagle.co.ug/2020/08/03/dr-michael-atingi-ego-assumes-role-as-bou-deputy-governor.html |access-date=1 September 2020 |publisher=Eagle Uganda |place=Kampala}}</ref> == Okusoma kwe == Mugume alina diguli y'esookerwako mu Bachelor of Arts ( BA ) mu by'enfuna okuva mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y'e Makerere]] . Diguli y'eyookubiri eya [[:en:Master_of_Arts|Master of Arts]] ( MA ) mu by'enfuna yagifunira kuva mu [[yunivasite y'e Botswana]] e Gaborone . Diguli ye eyookusatu eya [[Doctor of Philosophy]] ( [[:en:PhD|PhD]] ), mu by’enfuna, yamuweebwa [[Yunivasite y’e Oxford]] mu Bungereza.<ref name="1R"/> == Emirimu gye == Adam Mugume yawereza nga omukulu w' ekitongole ky'eby'enfuna Theory and Analysis ku yunivasite y’e Makerere. Yasomesa nga essomo [[Ebyembalirira n'ebyenfuna|ly'ebyembalirira n'ebyenfuna]] (econometrics), essomo eritwalibwa okuba nga ly'erisinga obuzibu, bwabo be yasomesa. Omukugu mu kuteebereza ebyenfuna n’okwekenneenya enkola. Ebitundu ebirala byeyakugukamu mulimu eby'enfuna by'eggwanga lyonna, omuli ebyembalirira n'ebyenfuna, n'enkola ya Gavumenti ey'eby'ensimbi n'emisolo awamu n'enkola y'eby'ensimbi n'ebyamabbanja.<ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=Alon Mwesigwa |date=10 July 2015 |title=Who Will Be Bank of Uganda Boss? |url=https://observer.ug/news-headlines/38674-who-will-be-bank-of-uganda-boss |access-date=13 June 2020}}</ref> == Ebirala by’olina okutunulira == Mu Ogwolubereberye 2020, endagaano y’omulimu eya Louis Kasekende, omumyuka wa Gavana wa Bank ya Uganda okuva mu 2010 okutuuka mu 2020 yaggwaako, oluvannyuma lw’ebisanja by’emyaka 5 bibiri eby’omuddiring’anwa . Endagaano eno teyazzibwa buggya mukulembeze w’eggwanga; akakyiko akavunaanyizibwa ku by'okulonda. Bwatyo Kasekende yava mu banka enkulu.<ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Arthur Arnold Wadero |date=20 January 2020 |title=Kasekende bows out, bids farewell to BoU Staff |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Kasekende-says-bye-BoU-staff/688334-5424416-h1yb8j/index.html |access-date=15 June 2020}}</ref> Nga 27 Ogwokusatu 2020, nga wayise emyezi ebiri ng’ekifo kino kikalu, akakiiko akaba Diyirekita ba bbanka enkulu, nga lukulirwa ssentebe waalwo, lwalonda Mugume okukola ng’omumyuka wa Gavana wa bbanka enkulu, okutuusa ng’omuntu ow'enkalakkalira alondeddwa pulezidenti wa Uganda.<ref name="5R">{{Cite web |last=SoftPower |date=27 March 2020 |title=Adam Mugume Named Acting BOU Deputy Governor |url=https://www.softpower.ug/dr-adam-mugume-named-acting-bou-deputy-governor/ |access-date=15 June 2020 |publisher=SoftPower Uganda}}</ref> Nga wayise ennaku bbiri, [[Yoweri Museveni|pulezidenti wa Uganda]], yalonda Michael Atingi-Ego ng’omumyuka wa Gavana wa Bank of Uganda omuggya ow'enkalakkalira.<ref name="6R">{{Cite web |last=George Okello |date=29 March 2020 |title=Museveni names Dr. Ating-Ego new BoU Deputy Governor |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2020/03/breaking-ating-ego-appointed-new-bou-deputy-governor.html |access-date=15 June 2020 |publisher=PML Daily}}</ref>Atingi-Ego yakakasibwa [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti]] nga 16 Ogwokuna 2020.<ref name="8R">{{Cite web |last=Jolly Gwari |date=6 June 2020 |title=Covid-19 RECOVERY: Banks to restructure loan Portfolios – BoU |url=https://redpepper.co.ug/2020/06/covid-19-recovery-banks-to-restructure-loan-portfolio-bou/ |access-date=15 June 2020 |archive-date=14 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614221906/https://redpepper.co.ug/2020/06/covid-19-recovery-banks-to-restructure-loan-portfolio-bou/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Newankubadde, olw'obukwakkulizo bw'okutambula olw'ekirwadde kya Covid-19, yali tanaba kuva Zimbabwe kudda Uganda okutwala omulimu gwe, n'olwekyo Mugume yali amyuka Gavana okutuuka mu Gwomukaaga 2020.<ref name="7R">Jolly Gwari (6 June 2020). [https://redpepper.co.ug/2020/06/covid-19-recovery-banks-to-restructure-loan-portfolio-bou/ "Covid-19 RECOVERY: Banks to restructure loan Portfolios – BoU"]. ''[[:en:Red_Pepper_(newspaper)|Red Pepper]]''. Mukono, Uganda. Retrieved 15 June 2020.</ref>[[Parliament of Uganda|​]] == Laba ne == * [[:en:Louis_Kasekende|Louis Kasekende]] * [[:en:Emmanuel_Tumusiime-Mutebile|Emmanuel Tumusiime-Mutebile]] * Omuyimbi Michael Atingi-Ego == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * [https://www.bou.or.ug/ Banka ya Uganda Homepage] [[Category:Bugwanjuba bwa Uganda]] 4ahbl7tbskulieaerfqg5w0hw9o0a8l 58533 58529 2026-07-03T14:04:58Z 24RAY 11014 ngasseeko amatuluba 58533 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} <big>'''Adam Mugume'''</big> [[Munnayuganda]], omukugu mu by’enfuna era akola nga Dayirekita weby’okunoonyereza n’enkola mu [[Bank of Uganda|Bank ya Uganda]] , ekifo ky'eyalimu okuva mu 2011. Okuva nga 27 Ogwokusatu 2020 okutuuka nga 3 Ogwomunaana 2020, Dr Mugume yaweereza ng’omumyuka wa Gavana wa Bank ya Uganda , [[Bank of Uganda|banka enkulu]] ey’eggwanga, mu buyinza,<ref name="1R">Ismail Musa Ladu (27 March 2020). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Dr-Adam-Mugume-perform-deputy-governor-duties-BoU/688334-5506570-7veh5b/index.html "Dr Adam Mugume to perform deputy governor duties at BoU"]. ''[[:en:Daily_Monitor|Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 13 June 2020.</ref> nga [[Michael Atingi-Ego]], Omumyuka wa Gavana tanayingira ofiisi.<ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Eagle Uganda |date=3 August 2020 |title=Dr. Michael Atingi-Ego assumes role as BoU Deputy Governor |url=https://eagle.co.ug/2020/08/03/dr-michael-atingi-ego-assumes-role-as-bou-deputy-governor.html |access-date=1 September 2020 |publisher=Eagle Uganda |place=Kampala}}</ref> == Okusoma kwe == Mugume alina diguli y'esookerwako mu Bachelor of Arts ( BA ) mu by'enfuna okuva mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y'e Makerere]] . Diguli y'eyookubiri eya [[:en:Master_of_Arts|Master of Arts]] ( MA ) mu by'enfuna yagifunira kuva mu [[yunivasite y'e Botswana]] e Gaborone . Diguli ye eyookusatu eya [[Doctor of Philosophy]] ( [[:en:PhD|PhD]] ), mu by’enfuna, yamuweebwa [[Yunivasite y’e Oxford]] mu Bungereza.<ref name="1R"/> == Emirimu gye == Adam Mugume yawereza nga omukulu w' ekitongole ky'eby'enfuna Theory and Analysis ku yunivasite y’e Makerere. Yasomesa nga essomo [[Ebyembalirira n'ebyenfuna|ly'ebyembalirira n'ebyenfuna]] (econometrics), essomo eritwalibwa okuba nga ly'erisinga obuzibu, bwabo be yasomesa. Omukugu mu kuteebereza ebyenfuna n’okwekenneenya enkola. Ebitundu ebirala byeyakugukamu mulimu eby'enfuna by'eggwanga lyonna, omuli ebyembalirira n'ebyenfuna, n'enkola ya Gavumenti ey'eby'ensimbi n'emisolo awamu n'enkola y'eby'ensimbi n'ebyamabbanja.<ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=Alon Mwesigwa |date=10 July 2015 |title=Who Will Be Bank of Uganda Boss? |url=https://observer.ug/news-headlines/38674-who-will-be-bank-of-uganda-boss |access-date=13 June 2020}}</ref> == Ebirala by’olina okutunulira == Mu Ogwolubereberye 2020, endagaano y’omulimu eya Louis Kasekende, omumyuka wa Gavana wa Bank ya Uganda okuva mu 2010 okutuuka mu 2020 yaggwaako, oluvannyuma lw’ebisanja by’emyaka 5 bibiri eby’omuddiring’anwa . Endagaano eno teyazzibwa buggya mukulembeze w’eggwanga; akakyiko akavunaanyizibwa ku by'okulonda. Bwatyo Kasekende yava mu banka enkulu.<ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Arthur Arnold Wadero |date=20 January 2020 |title=Kasekende bows out, bids farewell to BoU Staff |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Kasekende-says-bye-BoU-staff/688334-5424416-h1yb8j/index.html |access-date=15 June 2020}}</ref> Nga 27 Ogwokusatu 2020, nga wayise emyezi ebiri ng’ekifo kino kikalu, akakiiko akaba Diyirekita ba bbanka enkulu, nga lukulirwa ssentebe waalwo, lwalonda Mugume okukola ng’omumyuka wa Gavana wa bbanka enkulu, okutuusa ng’omuntu ow'enkalakkalira alondeddwa pulezidenti wa Uganda.<ref name="5R">{{Cite web |last=SoftPower |date=27 March 2020 |title=Adam Mugume Named Acting BOU Deputy Governor |url=https://www.softpower.ug/dr-adam-mugume-named-acting-bou-deputy-governor/ |access-date=15 June 2020 |publisher=SoftPower Uganda}}</ref> Nga wayise ennaku bbiri, [[Yoweri Museveni|pulezidenti wa Uganda]], yalonda Michael Atingi-Ego ng’omumyuka wa Gavana wa Bank of Uganda omuggya ow'enkalakkalira.<ref name="6R">{{Cite web |last=George Okello |date=29 March 2020 |title=Museveni names Dr. Ating-Ego new BoU Deputy Governor |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2020/03/breaking-ating-ego-appointed-new-bou-deputy-governor.html |access-date=15 June 2020 |publisher=PML Daily}}</ref>Atingi-Ego yakakasibwa [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti]] nga 16 Ogwokuna 2020.<ref name="8R">{{Cite web |last=Jolly Gwari |date=6 June 2020 |title=Covid-19 RECOVERY: Banks to restructure loan Portfolios – BoU |url=https://redpepper.co.ug/2020/06/covid-19-recovery-banks-to-restructure-loan-portfolio-bou/ |access-date=15 June 2020 |archive-date=14 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614221906/https://redpepper.co.ug/2020/06/covid-19-recovery-banks-to-restructure-loan-portfolio-bou/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Newankubadde, olw'obukwakkulizo bw'okutambula olw'ekirwadde kya Covid-19, yali tanaba kuva Zimbabwe kudda Uganda okutwala omulimu gwe, n'olwekyo Mugume yali amyuka Gavana okutuuka mu Gwomukaaga 2020.<ref name="7R">Jolly Gwari (6 June 2020). [https://redpepper.co.ug/2020/06/covid-19-recovery-banks-to-restructure-loan-portfolio-bou/ "Covid-19 RECOVERY: Banks to restructure loan Portfolios – BoU"]. ''[[:en:Red_Pepper_(newspaper)|Red Pepper]]''. Mukono, Uganda. Retrieved 15 June 2020.</ref>[[Parliament of Uganda|​]] == Laba ne == * [[:en:Louis_Kasekende|Louis Kasekende]] * [[:en:Emmanuel_Tumusiime-Mutebile|Emmanuel Tumusiime-Mutebile]] * Omuyimbi Michael Atingi-Ego == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * [https://www.bou.or.ug/ Banka ya Uganda Homepage] [[Category:Bugwanjuba bwa Uganda]] [[Category:Abanyankole]] qwimd5ji6xr246sc3su1slgtkurabok 58539 58533 2026-07-03T14:11:37Z 24RAY 11014 ngasseeko amatuluba 58539 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} <big>'''Adam Mugume'''</big> [[Munnayuganda]], omukugu mu by’enfuna era akola nga Dayirekita weby’okunoonyereza n’enkola mu [[Bank of Uganda|Bank ya Uganda]] , ekifo ky'eyalimu okuva mu 2011. Okuva nga 27 Ogwokusatu 2020 okutuuka nga 3 Ogwomunaana 2020, Dr Mugume yaweereza ng’omumyuka wa Gavana wa Bank ya Uganda , [[Bank of Uganda|banka enkulu]] ey’eggwanga, mu buyinza,<ref name="1R">Ismail Musa Ladu (27 March 2020). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Dr-Adam-Mugume-perform-deputy-governor-duties-BoU/688334-5506570-7veh5b/index.html "Dr Adam Mugume to perform deputy governor duties at BoU"]. ''[[:en:Daily_Monitor|Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 13 June 2020.</ref> nga [[Michael Atingi-Ego]], Omumyuka wa Gavana tanayingira ofiisi.<ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Eagle Uganda |date=3 August 2020 |title=Dr. Michael Atingi-Ego assumes role as BoU Deputy Governor |url=https://eagle.co.ug/2020/08/03/dr-michael-atingi-ego-assumes-role-as-bou-deputy-governor.html |access-date=1 September 2020 |publisher=Eagle Uganda |place=Kampala}}</ref> == Okusoma kwe == Mugume alina diguli y'esookerwako mu Bachelor of Arts ( BA ) mu by'enfuna okuva mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y'e Makerere]] . Diguli y'eyookubiri eya [[:en:Master_of_Arts|Master of Arts]] ( MA ) mu by'enfuna yagifunira kuva mu [[yunivasite y'e Botswana]] e Gaborone . Diguli ye eyookusatu eya [[Doctor of Philosophy]] ( [[:en:PhD|PhD]] ), mu by’enfuna, yamuweebwa [[Yunivasite y’e Oxford]] mu Bungereza.<ref name="1R"/> == Emirimu gye == Adam Mugume yawereza nga omukulu w' ekitongole ky'eby'enfuna Theory and Analysis ku yunivasite y’e Makerere. Yasomesa nga essomo [[Ebyembalirira n'ebyenfuna|ly'ebyembalirira n'ebyenfuna]] (econometrics), essomo eritwalibwa okuba nga ly'erisinga obuzibu, bwabo be yasomesa. Omukugu mu kuteebereza ebyenfuna n’okwekenneenya enkola. Ebitundu ebirala byeyakugukamu mulimu eby'enfuna by'eggwanga lyonna, omuli ebyembalirira n'ebyenfuna, n'enkola ya Gavumenti ey'eby'ensimbi n'emisolo awamu n'enkola y'eby'ensimbi n'ebyamabbanja.<ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=Alon Mwesigwa |date=10 July 2015 |title=Who Will Be Bank of Uganda Boss? |url=https://observer.ug/news-headlines/38674-who-will-be-bank-of-uganda-boss |access-date=13 June 2020}}</ref> == Ebirala by’olina okutunulira == Mu Ogwolubereberye 2020, endagaano y’omulimu eya Louis Kasekende, omumyuka wa Gavana wa Bank ya Uganda okuva mu 2010 okutuuka mu 2020 yaggwaako, oluvannyuma lw’ebisanja by’emyaka 5 bibiri eby’omuddiring’anwa . Endagaano eno teyazzibwa buggya mukulembeze w’eggwanga; akakyiko akavunaanyizibwa ku by'okulonda. Bwatyo Kasekende yava mu banka enkulu.<ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Arthur Arnold Wadero |date=20 January 2020 |title=Kasekende bows out, bids farewell to BoU Staff |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Kasekende-says-bye-BoU-staff/688334-5424416-h1yb8j/index.html |access-date=15 June 2020}}</ref> Nga 27 Ogwokusatu 2020, nga wayise emyezi ebiri ng’ekifo kino kikalu, akakiiko akaba Diyirekita ba bbanka enkulu, nga lukulirwa ssentebe waalwo, lwalonda Mugume okukola ng’omumyuka wa Gavana wa bbanka enkulu, okutuusa ng’omuntu ow'enkalakkalira alondeddwa pulezidenti wa Uganda.<ref name="5R">{{Cite web |last=SoftPower |date=27 March 2020 |title=Adam Mugume Named Acting BOU Deputy Governor |url=https://www.softpower.ug/dr-adam-mugume-named-acting-bou-deputy-governor/ |access-date=15 June 2020 |publisher=SoftPower Uganda}}</ref> Nga wayise ennaku bbiri, [[Yoweri Museveni|pulezidenti wa Uganda]], yalonda Michael Atingi-Ego ng’omumyuka wa Gavana wa Bank of Uganda omuggya ow'enkalakkalira.<ref name="6R">{{Cite web |last=George Okello |date=29 March 2020 |title=Museveni names Dr. Ating-Ego new BoU Deputy Governor |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2020/03/breaking-ating-ego-appointed-new-bou-deputy-governor.html |access-date=15 June 2020 |publisher=PML Daily}}</ref>Atingi-Ego yakakasibwa [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti]] nga 16 Ogwokuna 2020.<ref name="8R">{{Cite web |last=Jolly Gwari |date=6 June 2020 |title=Covid-19 RECOVERY: Banks to restructure loan Portfolios – BoU |url=https://redpepper.co.ug/2020/06/covid-19-recovery-banks-to-restructure-loan-portfolio-bou/ |access-date=15 June 2020 |archive-date=14 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614221906/https://redpepper.co.ug/2020/06/covid-19-recovery-banks-to-restructure-loan-portfolio-bou/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Newankubadde, olw'obukwakkulizo bw'okutambula olw'ekirwadde kya Covid-19, yali tanaba kuva Zimbabwe kudda Uganda okutwala omulimu gwe, n'olwekyo Mugume yali amyuka Gavana okutuuka mu Gwomukaaga 2020.<ref name="7R">Jolly Gwari (6 June 2020). [https://redpepper.co.ug/2020/06/covid-19-recovery-banks-to-restructure-loan-portfolio-bou/ "Covid-19 RECOVERY: Banks to restructure loan Portfolios – BoU"]. ''[[:en:Red_Pepper_(newspaper)|Red Pepper]]''. Mukono, Uganda. Retrieved 15 June 2020.</ref>[[Parliament of Uganda|​]] == Laba ne == * [[:en:Louis_Kasekende|Louis Kasekende]] * [[:en:Emmanuel_Tumusiime-Mutebile|Emmanuel Tumusiime-Mutebile]] * Omuyimbi Michael Atingi-Ego == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * [https://www.bou.or.ug/ Banka ya Uganda Homepage] [[Category:Bugwanjuba bwa Uganda]] [[Category:Abanyankole]] [[Category:Ekitundu ky'e Ankole]] 00xyfz35i30hupdktjoeouekyc5scec Paul Mucureezi 0 13834 58663 54170 2026-07-03T21:04:30Z Samson Ssemakadde 6903 ngaseeko Databox 58663 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Paul Mucurezi''' (yazaalibwa nga 11 Ogwokubiri 1993) [[Omupiira ogw'ebigere|muzannyi wa mupiira]] mu Uganda,MunnaUganda era nga yazannyako nga muzannyi wa makkati mu [[National Enterprise Corporation FC|National Enterprises Corporation FC]] mu liigi ya Uganda Pulimiya . <ref name="SW">{{Soccerway|paul-mucureezi/396463}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-23 |title=Paul Mucureezi bids farewell to Kitara |url=https://sports.mtn.co.ug/2024/05/23/paul-mucureezi-bids-farewell-to-kitara/ |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=MTN Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> == Omulimu gwa kiraabu == Paul Mucurezi omupiira yagutandikira mu [[Kampala Capital City Authority FC|KCCA FC]] okuva mu 2015 okutuuka mu 2018, oluvannyuma n’agenda mu [[Mbarara City FC]] mu sizoni ya 2018 okutuuka 2019. Oluvannyuma yakila endagaano ne [[Kiraabu ya Vipers SC|Vipers SC]] mu 2019 okutuuka mu 2022, yazannyira [[Kitara FC]] okuva mu 2023 okutuuka mu 2024 era mu kiseera kino azannyira mu [[National Enterprise Corporation FC|National Enterprises Corporation FC]] . <ref name="NFT">{{NFT player|id=68624|accessdate=24 August 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-22 |title=Paul Mucureezi joins another UPL side |url=https://swiftsportsug.com/2024/07/22/paul-mucureezi-joins-another-upl-side/ |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=Swift Sports Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-15 |title=Mucureezi felt sheer joy, not pressure |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/mucureezi-felt-sheer-joy-not-pressure-4591366 |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kitara dumps holders Vipers from Uganda Cup |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/sports/kitara-dumps-holders-vipers-from-uganda-cup-NV_185880 |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> Mmemba munkkanisa ya Anglican eya Uganda. == Omulimu gw’ensi yonna == === Ggoolo ze yateeba ng’azannya ku ttiimu y’eggwanga === : ''Obubonero n'ebivuddemu ku lukalala lw'ebigendererwa bya Uganda .'' {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:100%;" !Nedda. ! Olunaku olw'omweezi ! Ekifo ! Omuvuganya ! Okuteeba ! Alizaati ! Empaka |- | 1. 1. . | rowspan="4" | 22 Jjulaayi 2017 | rowspan="4" | Ekisaawe kya Philip Omondi, [[Kampala]], Uganda | rowspan="4" | South Sudan | align="center" | 2–0 | rowspan="4" style="text-align:center" | 5–1 | rowspan="4" | Okusunsulamu mu mpaka za Africa eza 2018 |- | 2. 2. . | align="center" | 3–0 |- | 3. 3. . | align="center" | 4–0 |- | 4. 4. . | align="center" | 5–0 |} == Ebijuliziddwa == fy0c9it7apiolbjz1i6yxirtvfwhqte 58672 58663 2026-07-03T21:24:49Z Samson Ssemakadde 6903 ngaseeko amatuluba 58672 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Paul Mucurezi''' (yazaalibwa nga 11 Ogwokubiri 1993) Munnayuganda o[[Omupiira ogw'ebigere|muzannyi wa mupiira]], eyazannyako ng'omuwuwuttanyi mu National Enterprises Corporation FC mu liigi ya Uganda eyababinywera.<ref name="SW">{{Soccerway|paul-mucureezi/396463}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-23 |title=Paul Mucureezi bids farewell to Kitara |url=https://sports.mtn.co.ug/2024/05/23/paul-mucureezi-bids-farewell-to-kitara/ |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=MTN Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> == Kiraabu z'asambidde == Paul Mucureezi yatandika okusamba omupiira mu [[Kampala Capital City Authority FC|KCCA FC]] okuva mu 2015 okutuuka mu 2018, oluvannyuma n’agenda mu [[Mbarara City FC]] mu sizoni ya 2018 okutuuka 2019. Oluvannyuma yakansibwa aba [[Kiraabu ya Vipers SC|Vipers SC]] mu 2019 okutuuka mu 2022, yazannyirako [[Kitara FC]] okuva mu 2023 okutuuka mu 2024 era mu kiseera kino azannyira mu National Enterprises Corporation FC.<ref name="NFT">{{NFT player|id=68624|accessdate=24 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-22 |title=Paul Mucureezi joins another UPL side |url=https://swiftsportsug.com/2024/07/22/paul-mucureezi-joins-another-upl-side/ |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=Swift Sports Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-15 |title=Mucureezi felt sheer joy, not pressure |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/mucureezi-felt-sheer-joy-not-pressure-4591366 |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kitara dumps holders Vipers from Uganda Cup |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/sports/kitara-dumps-holders-vipers-from-uganda-cup-NV_185880 |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> Mmemba mu kkanisa y'Abakulisitaayo mu Uganda. == Gy'asambidde ku mutendera gw’ensi yonna == === Ggoolo ze yateeba ng’azannya ku ttiimu y’eggwanga === : ''Obubonero n'olukalala lw'ebivuddemu bisooka ku gatibwa nebitekebwa ku lukalala lwa ggoolo za Uganda<ref name="NFT2">{{NFT player|id=68624|accessdate=24 August 2019}}</ref> .'' {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:100%;" !Namba ! Olunaku olw'omweezi ! Ekifo ! Gwebaali bavuganya ! Okuteeba ! Ebyavaamu ! Empaka |- | 1. 1. . | rowspan="4" | 22 Ogwomusanvu 2017 | rowspan="4" | Ekisaawe kya Philip Omondi, [[Kampala]], Uganda | rowspan="4" | South Sudan | align="center" | 2–0 | rowspan="4" style="text-align:center" | 5–1 | rowspan="4" | Okusunsulamu mu mpaka za Africa eza 2018 |- | 2. 2. . | align="center" | 3–0 |- | 3. 3. . | align="center" | 4–0 |- | 4. 4. . | align="center" | 5–0 |} == Laba ne == * [[Allan Okello, Muzannyi wa Mupiira|Allan Okello]] * [[Gift Fred]] * [[Taddeo Lwanga|Tadeo Lwanga]] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Matuluba:]] sdfq01t5r4ff327u9ftpiy7bhlau3ww 58676 58672 2026-07-03T21:31:12Z Samson Ssemakadde 6903 Ngaseeko amatuluba 58676 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Paul Mucurezi''' (yazaalibwa nga 11 Ogwokubiri 1993) Munnayuganda o[[Omupiira ogw'ebigere|muzannyi wa mupiira]], eyazannyako ng'omuwuwuttanyi mu National Enterprises Corporation FC mu liigi ya Uganda eyababinywera.<ref name="SW">{{Soccerway|paul-mucureezi/396463}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-23 |title=Paul Mucureezi bids farewell to Kitara |url=https://sports.mtn.co.ug/2024/05/23/paul-mucureezi-bids-farewell-to-kitara/ |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=MTN Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> == Kiraabu z'asambidde == Paul Mucureezi yatandika okusamba omupiira mu [[Kampala Capital City Authority FC|KCCA FC]] okuva mu 2015 okutuuka mu 2018, oluvannyuma n’agenda mu [[Mbarara City FC]] mu sizoni ya 2018 okutuuka 2019. Oluvannyuma yakansibwa aba [[Kiraabu ya Vipers SC|Vipers SC]] mu 2019 okutuuka mu 2022, yazannyirako [[Kitara FC]] okuva mu 2023 okutuuka mu 2024 era mu kiseera kino azannyira mu National Enterprises Corporation FC.<ref name="NFT">{{NFT player|id=68624|accessdate=24 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-22 |title=Paul Mucureezi joins another UPL side |url=https://swiftsportsug.com/2024/07/22/paul-mucureezi-joins-another-upl-side/ |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=Swift Sports Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-15 |title=Mucureezi felt sheer joy, not pressure |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/mucureezi-felt-sheer-joy-not-pressure-4591366 |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kitara dumps holders Vipers from Uganda Cup |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/sports/kitara-dumps-holders-vipers-from-uganda-cup-NV_185880 |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> Mmemba mu kkanisa y'Abakulisitaayo mu Uganda. == Gy'asambidde ku mutendera gw’ensi yonna == === Ggoolo ze yateeba ng’azannya ku ttiimu y’eggwanga === : ''Obubonero n'olukalala lw'ebivuddemu bisooka ku gatibwa nebitekebwa ku lukalala lwa ggoolo za Uganda<ref name="NFT2">{{NFT player|id=68624|accessdate=24 August 2019}}</ref> .'' {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:100%;" !Namba ! Olunaku olw'omweezi ! Ekifo ! Gwebaali bavuganya ! Okuteeba ! Ebyavaamu ! Empaka |- | 1. 1. . | rowspan="4" | 22 Ogwomusanvu 2017 | rowspan="4" | Ekisaawe kya Philip Omondi, [[Kampala]], Uganda | rowspan="4" | South Sudan | align="center" | 2–0 | rowspan="4" style="text-align:center" | 5–1 | rowspan="4" | Okusunsulamu mu mpaka za Africa eza 2018 |- | 2. 2. . | align="center" | 3–0 |- | 3. 3. . | align="center" | 4–0 |- | 4. 4. . | align="center" | 5–0 |} == Laba ne == * [[Allan Okello, Muzannyi wa Mupiira|Allan Okello]] * [[Gift Fred]] * [[Taddeo Lwanga|Tadeo Lwanga]] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Matuluba:]] <references /> [[Category:Bannayuganda abasajja abasambi b'omupiira]] [[Category:Banabyamizannyo abannayuganda ab'ekyasa kya 21]] [[Category:Abawuwuttanyi abasambi b'omupiira abasajja]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abasajja abasambira ebweru w'eggwanga]] [[Category:Abantu okuba mu Disitulikiti y'e Ntungamo]] [[Category:Abasambi abaali mu mapaka z'okulukalu lwa Afrika eza 2018 nga zeetabibwamu abasambi abazannyira ewaka]] [[Category:Abazannyi ba Vipers SC]] [[Category:Abazannyi ba Mbarara City FC]] [[Category:Abazannyi ba kiraabu ya Kampala Capital City Authority]] [[Category:Banabyamizannyo okuva mu bitundu by'omubuvanjuba bwa Uganda]] [[Category:Abazannyi ba kiraabu ya National Enterprises Corporation]] gwspc8pvz6g0u6qymwjfwt3l2h48vwu 58685 58676 2026-07-03T21:36:31Z Samson Ssemakadde 6903 Ngaseeko amatuluba 58685 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Paul Mucurezi''' (yazaalibwa nga 11 Ogwokubiri 1993) Munnayuganda o[[Omupiira ogw'ebigere|muzannyi wa mupiira]], eyazannyako ng'omuwuwuttanyi mu National Enterprises Corporation FC mu liigi ya Uganda eyababinywera.<ref name="SW">{{Soccerway|paul-mucureezi/396463}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-23 |title=Paul Mucureezi bids farewell to Kitara |url=https://sports.mtn.co.ug/2024/05/23/paul-mucureezi-bids-farewell-to-kitara/ |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=MTN Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> == Kiraabu z'asambidde == Paul Mucureezi yatandika okusamba omupiira mu [[Kampala Capital City Authority FC|KCCA FC]] okuva mu 2015 okutuuka mu 2018, oluvannyuma n’agenda mu [[Mbarara City FC]] mu sizoni ya 2018 okutuuka 2019. Oluvannyuma yakansibwa aba [[Kiraabu ya Vipers SC|Vipers SC]] mu 2019 okutuuka mu 2022, yazannyirako [[Kitara FC]] okuva mu 2023 okutuuka mu 2024 era mu kiseera kino azannyira mu National Enterprises Corporation FC.<ref name="NFT">{{NFT player|id=68624|accessdate=24 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-22 |title=Paul Mucureezi joins another UPL side |url=https://swiftsportsug.com/2024/07/22/paul-mucureezi-joins-another-upl-side/ |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=Swift Sports Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-15 |title=Mucureezi felt sheer joy, not pressure |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/mucureezi-felt-sheer-joy-not-pressure-4591366 |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kitara dumps holders Vipers from Uganda Cup |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/sports/kitara-dumps-holders-vipers-from-uganda-cup-NV_185880 |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> Mmemba mu kkanisa y'Abakulisitaayo mu Uganda. == Gy'asambidde ku mutendera gw’ensi yonna == === Ggoolo ze yateeba ng’azannya ku ttiimu y’eggwanga === : ''Obubonero n'olukalala lw'ebivuddemu bisooka ku gatibwa nebitekebwa ku lukalala lwa ggoolo za Uganda<ref name="NFT2">{{NFT player|id=68624|accessdate=24 August 2019}}</ref> .'' {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:100%;" !Namba ! Olunaku olw'omweezi ! Ekifo ! Gwebaali bavuganya ! Okuteeba ! Ebyavaamu ! Empaka |- | 1. 1. . | rowspan="4" | 22 Ogwomusanvu 2017 | rowspan="4" | Ekisaawe kya Philip Omondi, [[Kampala]], Uganda | rowspan="4" | South Sudan | align="center" | 2–0 | rowspan="4" style="text-align:center" | 5–1 | rowspan="4" | Okusunsulamu mu mpaka za Africa eza 2018 |- | 2. 2. . | align="center" | 3–0 |- | 3. 3. . | align="center" | 4–0 |- | 4. 4. . | align="center" | 5–0 |} == Laba ne == * [[Allan Okello, Muzannyi wa Mupiira|Allan Okello]] * [[Gift Fred]] * [[Taddeo Lwanga|Tadeo Lwanga]] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Matuluba:]] <references /> [[Category:Bannayuganda abasajja abasambi b'omupiira]] [[Category:Banabyamizannyo abannayuganda ab'ekyasa kya 21]] [[Category:Abawuwuttanyi abasambi b'omupiira abasajja]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abasajja abasambira ebweru w'eggwanga]] [[Category:Abasambi abaali mu mapaka z'okulukalu lwa Afrika eza 2018 nga zeetabibwamu abasambi abazannyira ewaka]] [[Category:Abazannyi ba Vipers SC]] [[Category:Abazannyi ba Mbarara City FC]] [[Category:Abazannyi ba kiraabu ya Kampala Capital City Authority]] [[Category:Banabyamizannyo okuva mu bitundu by'omubuvanjuba bwa Uganda]] [[Category:Abazannyi ba kiraabu ya National Enterprises Corporation]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Disitulikiti y'e Ntungamo]] 2bhtt7es7ubpa7mpr22qts1ymi6yoov 58689 58685 2026-07-03T21:38:40Z Samson Ssemakadde 6903 Ngaseeko amatuluba 58689 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Paul Mucurezi''' (yazaalibwa nga 11 Ogwokubiri 1993) Munnayuganda o[[Omupiira ogw'ebigere|muzannyi wa mupiira]], eyazannyako ng'omuwuwuttanyi mu National Enterprises Corporation FC mu liigi ya Uganda eyababinywera.<ref name="SW">{{Soccerway|paul-mucureezi/396463}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-23 |title=Paul Mucureezi bids farewell to Kitara |url=https://sports.mtn.co.ug/2024/05/23/paul-mucureezi-bids-farewell-to-kitara/ |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=MTN Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> == Kiraabu z'asambidde == Paul Mucureezi yatandika okusamba omupiira mu [[Kampala Capital City Authority FC|KCCA FC]] okuva mu 2015 okutuuka mu 2018, oluvannyuma n’agenda mu [[Mbarara City FC]] mu sizoni ya 2018 okutuuka 2019. Oluvannyuma yakansibwa aba [[Kiraabu ya Vipers SC|Vipers SC]] mu 2019 okutuuka mu 2022, yazannyirako [[Kitara FC]] okuva mu 2023 okutuuka mu 2024 era mu kiseera kino azannyira mu National Enterprises Corporation FC.<ref name="NFT">{{NFT player|id=68624|accessdate=24 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-22 |title=Paul Mucureezi joins another UPL side |url=https://swiftsportsug.com/2024/07/22/paul-mucureezi-joins-another-upl-side/ |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=Swift Sports Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-15 |title=Mucureezi felt sheer joy, not pressure |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/mucureezi-felt-sheer-joy-not-pressure-4591366 |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kitara dumps holders Vipers from Uganda Cup |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/sports/kitara-dumps-holders-vipers-from-uganda-cup-NV_185880 |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> Mmemba mu kkanisa y'Abakulisitaayo mu Uganda. == Gy'asambidde ku mutendera gw’ensi yonna == === Ggoolo ze yateeba ng’azannya ku ttiimu y’eggwanga === : ''Obubonero n'olukalala lw'ebivuddemu bisooka ku gatibwa nebitekebwa ku lukalala lwa ggoolo za Uganda<ref name="NFT2">{{NFT player|id=68624|accessdate=24 August 2019}}</ref> .'' {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:100%;" !Namba ! Olunaku olw'omweezi ! Ekifo ! Gwebaali bavuganya ! Okuteeba ! Ebyavaamu ! Empaka |- | 1. 1. . | rowspan="4" | 22 Ogwomusanvu 2017 | rowspan="4" | Ekisaawe kya Philip Omondi, [[Kampala]], Uganda | rowspan="4" | South Sudan | align="center" | 2–0 | rowspan="4" style="text-align:center" | 5–1 | rowspan="4" | Okusunsulamu mu mpaka za Africa eza 2018 |- | 2. 2. . | align="center" | 3–0 |- | 3. 3. . | align="center" | 4–0 |- | 4. 4. . | align="center" | 5–0 |} == Laba ne == * [[Allan Okello, Muzannyi wa Mupiira|Allan Okello]] * [[Gift Fred]] * [[Taddeo Lwanga|Tadeo Lwanga]] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Matuluba:]] <references /> [[Category:Bannayuganda abasajja abasambi b'omupiira]] [[Category:Banabyamizannyo abannayuganda ab'ekyasa kya 21]] [[Category:Abawuwuttanyi abasambi b'omupiira abasajja]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abasajja abasambira ebweru w'eggwanga]] [[Category:Abazannyi ba Vipers SC]] [[Category:Abazannyi ba Mbarara City FC]] [[Category:Abazannyi ba kiraabu ya Kampala Capital City Authority]] [[Category:Banabyamizannyo okuva mu bitundu by'omubuvanjuba bwa Uganda]] [[Category:Abazannyi ba kiraabu ya National Enterprises Corporation]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Disitulikiti y'e Ntungamo]] [[Category:Abasambi abeetaba mu mpaka za 2018 eza Africa Nations Championship]] 8kf7wu72yuhr4ds8ijbzjxnnannmqts Akiki Nyabongo 0 13938 58527 58493 2026-07-03T13:52:21Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 corrected grammar and punctuations 58527 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Akiki Hosea Kanyarusoke Nyabongo''' ( c. 1907 – Ogwekkumi 2, 1975) yali munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era omuwandiisi w’ebitabo.<ref name="The New York Times-1975">{{Cite news|date=1975-10-17|title=Akiki Nyabongo, 65, Dies; Writer and Uganda Prince|language=en-US|page=38|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/10/17/archives/akiki-nyabongo-65-dies-writer-and-uganda-prince.html|access-date=2023-03-17|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Yazaalibwa omulangira w’Obukama bwa [[Tooro]] mu Bugwanjuba bwa Uganda era yasomera mu yunivasite mu Amerika ne Bungereza.<ref name="The New York Times-1975" /> Omukugu mu by’enkula y’abantu eyatendekebwa mu Oxford, Nyabongo yalina ebifo by’obusomesa mu Amerika era n’agenda mu maaso n’okunoonyereza ku by’enkula y’abantu.<ref name="Matera-2010">{{Cite journal |last=Matera |first=Marc |date=2010 |title=Colonial Subjects: Black Intellectuals and the Development of Colonial Studies in Britain |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23265207 |journal=Journal of British Studies |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=388–418 |doi=10.1086/649838 |issn=0021-9371 |jstor=23265207 |s2cid=143861344 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Oluvannyuma yakomawo e Uganda, n'ayambako mu kwefuga kwayo okuva ku Bungereza era n'abeerawo okutuusa lwe yafa.<ref name="Monroe-2022">{{Cite journal |last=Monroe |first=Caitlin C. |date=2022-08-01 |title=Searching for Nyabongo |url=https://read.dukeupress.edu/cssaame/article/42/2/389/317247/Searching-for-NyabongoAn-Unconventional-Ugandan |journal=Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East |language=en |volume=42 |issue=2 |pages=389–403 |doi=10.1215/1089201X-9987879 |issn=1089-201X |s2cid=252245781 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Akiki Nyabongo yakolagana n’abalwanirizi b’eddembe ab’enjawulo mu Afrika yonna "pan-African" (nga mw’otwalidde ne [[WEB Du Bois|W.E.B Du Bois]] ne George Padmore ) era n’awagira mu lwatu okuva kwa africa u bufuzi bw'amatwale (African decolonization) n’okukulaakulana mu biwandiiko bye. Ekitabo kye ekyasinga okumanyika ye ''Africa Answers Back'' (1936), ekimu ku bitabo eby’olulimi Olungereza ebyasooka okuwandiikibwa omuwandiisi Munnayuganda.<ref name="Kopf-2019">{{Cite journal |last=Kopf |first=Martina |date=2019 |title=Encountering development in East African fiction |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0021989417707801 |journal=The Journal of Commonwealth Literature |language=en |volume=54 |issue=3 |pages=338 |doi=10.1177/0021989417707801 |issn=0021-9894 |s2cid=157910109 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Omuzannyo guno gwalaba ensonga y’ebyobufuzi n’obuwangwa ekwatagana mu Afrika ey’amatwale (colonial Africa) ng’akabonero k’okukkiriza kwe mu bumu bwa Afirika. Nyabongo yakiikirira okwagala kw'abantu ba bugwanjuba bwa Uganda ( [[Tooro]] ) olw'eddembe ly'ebyobufuzi n'okuwuliza amaloboozi gaabwe mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Kahyana-2016">{{Cite journal |last=Kahyana |first=Danson Sylvester |date=2016-12-31 |title=Depiction of African Indigenous Education in Akiki Nyabongo's Africa Answers Back (1936) |url=https://journals.ukzn.ac.za/index.php/soa/article/view/1363 |journal=Alternation Journal |language=en-US |issue=18 |pages=241–243 |issn=2519-5476}}</ref> == Obuto n’okusoma kwe == [[File:Flag_of_the_Tooro_Kingdom.svg|thumb|Bendera y'Obukama bw'e Tooro]] [[File:Kingdom_of_Toro_(map_of_the_original_kingdom).png|thumb|Maapu y'Obwakabaka bwa Tooro mu Uganda]] Akiki Nyabongo yali mutabani w’omugenzi [[Kyembambe III]], [[Omukama]] ow’Obwakabaka bwa Tooro mu bugwanjuba bwa Uganda. Yazaalibwa mu kibuga Fort Portal e Uganda mu 1907.<ref name="Kahyana-2016" /> Omulangira ono omuto yamaliriza siniya mu King's College e Budo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa. Amasomo g'awaggulu yagasomera ku [[Howard University]] (gye yaggya Diguli Esooka) ne [[Yale]] . Yasomera mu [[Harvard University]] okufuna diguli ye eyookubiri n'eyookusatu oba PhD mu by'obutonde mu [[Queen's College]], ku ttendekkero lya The University of Oxford.<ref name="Matera-2010" /> Mu 1937, ekitongole kya Rhodes Trust kyatandika okuwagira emisomo gye olw’okusoma kwe okwali okulungi eyo.<ref name="Monroe-2022" /> Nyabongo yatikkirwa mu 1939 mu Oxford n'ebbaluwa eyitibwa "''The Religious Practices and Beliefs of Ugandans"'' . Okunoonyereza kuno kwekenneenya mu bujjuvu [[eddiini mu Uganda]], enzikiriza, n’obuwangwa. Kyatenderezebwa ng’ekyokulabirako ky'Okunoonyereza n'okumanya embeera z'obuwangwa (autoetnography) nga kirimu omuwendo gw’eby’ensoma ogutenkanika bulungi.<ref name="The Queen's College, Oxford">{{Cite web |title=Africa Answers Back (exhibition) |url=https://www.queens.ox.ac.uk/exhibitions/africa-answers-back/ |access-date=2023-03-17 |website=The Queen's College, Oxford |language=en-US}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Oluvannyuma lw’okumaliriza diguli ye ey’okusatu (doctorate), okwawukana ku gavumenti y’amatwale ga Bungereza (British colonial government) eyali eyagala okumukomyaawo e Uganda, yasenguka n’abeera mu Brooklyn, ekibuga kya New York, mu 1940. Mu myaka gya 1940, yali pulofeesa mu [[Yunivasite y’e Alabama]] n’oluvannyuma mu [[North Carolina A&T University]] .<ref name="Matera-2010" /> Mu 1957, yakomawo mu Uganda okuyambako mu kuteesa okwefuga okuva ku Bungereza.<ref name="Monroe-2022" /> Mu 1959, Nyabongo yadduka mu Uganda olw'ebyokwerinda. Yatandika okukola nga pulofeesa w’Essomo ly'entabaganya (sociology) n’obuwangwa (culture) mu [[yunivasite y’e Leiden]] e Hague mu Budaaki (Netherlands). Nga 1962 tannatuuka, yakolera ku kakiiko ka ssemateeka akalondoola obwetwaze bwa Uganda. Oluvannyuma Nyabongo yeesimbawo ku bwa nnamunigina ku kifo kya palamenti mu bukiikaddyo bwa Tooro, ekitundu ekiriraanye ekibuga kye Fort Portal n’awangulwa. Nyabongo emirimu gye gyonna yagimala mu Uganda, nga ssentebe w’akakiiko ka gavumenti ya Uganda akategeka ebibuga n’ensi okutuusa lwe yafa mu 1975.<ref name="Monroe-2022" /> == Okulwanirira ebyobufuzi == === Okukwatagana kwe n’abalwanirizi b’eddembe === [[File:Flag_of_the_UNIA.svg|thumb|"Bendera y'obumu mu mawanga ga Africa" eyatondebwawo ekibiina ekigatta abaddugavu ekya Universal Negro Improvement Association ne African Communities League]] Nyabongo yabeeranga mu bulamu obw’ensi yonna (global life). Yakolagana n’[[abalwanirizi b’eddembe ly’obuntu]] abamanyiddwa era n’agabana emirimu gye yawandiika mu Uganda, America, n'Obugwanjuba bwa Bulaaya. Yabeeranga era n’akolagana ne George Padmore era n’akolagana ne W.E.B Du Bois ku pulojekiti ya "latter's abortive project, ''Encyclopedia of the Negro''". Nyabongo yasomooza obufuzi bw’amatwale era n’ayongera emboozi ezikwata ku nkola y’ensi yonna (Internationalism) ey’Abaddugavu ng’ayita mu bitabo bino, enkolagana, n’ebbaluwa. Nyabongo era yayanjula omulwanirizi w’eddembe ly’obuntu Eslanda Goode Robeson mu Uganda mu lugendo lwe ku lukalu lwa Africa mu 1936.<ref name="Matera-2010" /> Mu 1936, bwe yali amaliriza ebbaluwa ku mpisa z’eddiini za Uganda mu [[Queen’s College, Oxford]], era nga wayise omwaka gumu ng’afulumya ekitabo kye ekyasooka "''The Story of an African Chief'' (re-titled ''Africa answers back'' )", Nyabongo yaweereza ebbaluwa eri [[Rabindranath Tagore]] (1861–1941), omuyimbi Omubengali. Ebbaluwa eno yasaba okuvvuunulwa kw’ekitontome ekirimu empisa Tagore kye yayiiya ku Afirika okubunyisa ekiwandiiko ekyo eri Abafirika bonna. Ekitontome kino kyawakanya Benito Mussolini [[okulumba Ethiopia]] (mu kiseera ekyo [[Abyssinia]] ) era ne kivumirira effujjo eryategekebwa amagye ga Bwakabaka bwa Bulaaya ku ssemazinga wa Afirika. Mu kwanukula Tagore Nyabongo, yagondera okusaba kwa Nyabongo. Olw'ebbaluwa eno, amawulire g'e Bungereza aga ''The Spectator'' gaafulumya "To Africa," enkyusa y'Olungereza ey'ekitontome ekyasooka ekyavvuunulwa Tagore nga May 7, 1937.<ref name="Mowtushi-2015" /> === Okwetaba mu byobufuzi === Mu 1945, Akiki Nyabongo yawa omulimu mu Ttabamiruka w’Abafuzi b’amatwale Du Bois ne NAACP gwe baayita mu New York mu Gwokuna 6 ku ttabi lya 135th Street mu tterekero ly’ebitabo erya New York Public Library. Yali mmemba ku kakiiko akasalawo era yayambako okulaga ensonga nnya ezaali ziwagira okulwanyisa obufuzi bw’amatwale (Decolonization) n’enkulaakulana y’amawanga ga Afrika. Ensonga zino zaasindikibwa mu mawulire ag’enjawulo era okukkakkana nga zayanjuddwa mu lukungaana lw’e San Francisco.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sherwood |first=Marika |date=1996 |title="There Is No New Deal for the Blackman in San Francisco": African Attempts to Influence the Founding Conference of the United Nations, April–July, 1945 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/221419 |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=71–94 |doi=10.2307/221419 |issn=0361-7882 |jstor=221419 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Akiki Nyabongo yali mmemba wa maanyi era nga yayamba nnyo mu kibiina ky’abayizi ekya Universal Ethiopian Student’s Association (UESA), ekyatandikibwawo abamanyi abalwanirizi b’eddembe okuva mu Amerika, Caribbeans, ne Africa, mu Harlem, New York, mu 1927. <ref name="Anthony-2014">{{Cite thesis|last=Anthony|first=TaKeia N.|title=Mobilizing Diaspora: The Universal Ethiopian Students' Association, 1927–1948|date=2014|publisher=Howard University|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/1620907442|language=en|access-date=2023-03-17|id={{ProQuest|1620907442}}}}<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref> Mu January 1947, Nyabongo yaweereza ng’omuwandiisi omukulu mu kitabo ekikulu ekya UESA: ''The African: The Journal of African Affairs'' . Obuwandiisi bwe bwali kabonero k’abagezigezi Abaddugavu bonna okufaayo ku mbeera y’ebyobufuzi eyali efuuse ey’okusika omuguwa mu Afrika. Nyabongo yayambako mu kusengulwa kuno bwe yalagira ekitabo kino okussa essira ku byobufuzi bya Afrika. Ekirala, bwe yawandiika okwekenneenya ebitabo ku sikaala z’abavubuka aba Africa abamanyiddwa ennyo ezasemba UESA, nga WEB Du Bois’s ''Black Folk Then and Now'', Nyabongo yagezaako okulwanirira obumu mu bantu b’Abaddugavu bonna. Agenda zombi zaddamu omulanga gw’ekitabo kino ogw’okusumululwa, okuggwaawo kw’obufuzi bwa mawanga, okufuula Abafirika abali mu nsi endala abantu, n’okukulaakulanya amawanga ga Afrika.<ref name="Anthony-2014" /> === Endowooza ye ku byobufuzi === Akiki Nyabongo yalwanirira obumu bw’amawanga n’amadiini. Nyabongo era yali akwatagana n'abakiise mu kibiina kya African Association era n'awagira olulimi olumu wonna, olw'ekuusa ku bwasseruganda, nga tewali "kika kilwanyisa bika" oba "ebiwayi ebiwakanya ebiwayi".<ref name="Sanders-2019">{{Cite journal |last=Sanders |first=Ethan R. |date=2019 |title=James Aggrey and the African Nation: Pan-Africanism, Public Memory, and Political Imagination in Colonial East Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/45281486 |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=52 |issue=3 |pages=399–424 |issn=0361-7882 |jstor=45281486}}</ref> Endowooza eno yakwata butereevu ku mawanga mangi ag’obuvanjuba bwa Afrika nga galina amawanga mangi, omuli ekitongole kya Bungereza ekya Uganda Protectorate n’Obwakabaka bwa Tooro. Ng’aluŋŋamizibwa Dr. [[James Aggrey]] n’enjigiriza ye ku ndaba ye ey'ebintu ku bumu n’okuzingiramu ssemazinga wa Africa yenna, Akiki Nyabongo yayongera okuggumiza nti tewalina kubaawo kuyomba kwa ddiini mu Bannafirika era n’enzikiriza y’eddiini y’omuntu erina okussibwamu ekitiibwa. Yasindiikiriza okuyingiza eddiini mu nteekateeka ze ez’ebyobufuzi. Ku Nyabongo, okuyingiza eddiini mu bantu bonna yali ngeri nkulu nnyo ey’okutumbula obulamu obulungi obw’awamu obwa ssemazinga yenna. Enjawulo eyasangulwa wakati w’embeera z’abantu yaleetawo enjawulo y’Afirika ey’okugabana, nga ewagira okuzuukuka kw’ebyobufuzi mu Afrika yonna.<ref name="Sanders-2019" /> == Ebiwandiiko n’okunoonyereza kwe == Akiki Nyabongo yali muwandiisi era omuwandiisi omujjumbize. Y’omu ku bawandiisi mu Uganda abaasooka okufulumya ekitabo ky’Olungereza,<ref name="Monroe-2022" /> era ye yali omuwandiisi omukulu mu lupapula lwa ''The African'' Magazine ''.''<ref name="Sugirtharajah-2005">{{Cite book |last=Sugirtharajah |first=R.S. |year=2005 |title=The Bible and Empire: Postcolonial Explorations |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9780511614552/type/book |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-53191-7 |edition=1 |doi=10.1017/cbo9780511614552.006}}</ref> Omulimu gwe ogusinga okumanyika gwe kitabo "''Story of an African Chief"'', ekyafulumizibwa mu 1935, ekyaddamu okufulumizibwa mu 1936 wansi w’omutwe "''Africa Answers Back".''<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> Olugero luno olukwata ku bulamu bw’omuntu (semi-autobiographical novel) luteekeddwa mu Buganda era nga lugoberera emboozi y’obulamu bwa Abala Stanley Mujungu: mutabani w’omutaka Omuganda alinnya ku ntebe.<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> Omuzannyi omukulu alwanagana n’endagamuntu ye mu bulamu bwe bwonna, ng’agezaako okutebenkeza empisa enzaalwa ezaasimbibwa bazadde be n’ebikosa [[Obukristaayo]] n’obuwangwa bw’amawanga g’obugwanjuba okuva mu baminsani b’omu kitundu.<ref name="Sugirtharajah-2005" /> Enkola z’okumanya eza Afirika n’Abazungu zikontana enfunda eziwera mu butakkaanya mu kitabo kyonna. Mu kifaananyi ekimu, omuzannyi omukulu, Mujungu, eyaakalondebwa okuba omukulu, asaba omusawo w’omu kitundu okujjanjaba omukono gw’omusajja eyamenyese oluvannyuma lw’okulaba omusawo Omuzungu ng’agusibye ne bandegi.<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> Omusawo Omugirimaani alaga okwewuunya, nga tasobola kutegeera nkola ndala ey’obujjanjabi nga takozesezza bandegi. Abasawo Abagirimaani n’Abangereza basaba okutuula mu bayige engeri omusawo w’omu kitundu gy’agenda okulongoosaamu, nga bakozesa obumanyirivu obwo ng’omukisa gw’okuyiga.<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> Ekifo kino kiraga ekyokulabirako ky’obutuufu bw’enkola z’okumanya ez’obusawo mu Afirika bw’ogeraageranya n’obusawo bw’amawanga g’obugwanjuba; omulamwa Nyabongo gw'aberezaamu mu lunyiriri lwonna.<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> === Enkolagana y'eddiini mu kya ''Africa Answers Back'' === Enkolagana y'eddiini (Religious syncretism), okuyingiza enkola z’eddiini bbiri ezitakwatagana (okugeza, emikolo) mu nkola emu ekwatagana, gwali mulamwa gwa maanyi ogweyolekera mu ''Africa yonna Answers Back'' mu kunnyonnyola okugatta enkola z’eddiini z’Ekikristaayo n’ez’Afirika mu Uganda. Endowooza eno elagibwa ku ntandikwa y’olugero ng’omukulu atuuma mutabani we erinnya, omuzannyi omukulu mu lunyiriri luno Abala Stanley Mujungu. "Abala" lyali linnya lya nnono mu Uganda, so nga Stanley lyasibuka ku mulangira okwagala ennyo omuminsani Omukristaayo ayitibwa Stanley.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|title=The Fissures of Fusion|publisher=Brill|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004489950_018|access-date=2023-03-17|last=Döring|first=Tobias|year=1996|editor-last=Stummer|editor-first=Peter O.|pages=139–152|doi=10.1163/9789004489950_018|isbn=9789004489950|chapter=Fusion of Cultures?|editor2-first=Christopher|editor2-last=Balme|url-access=subscription}}</ref> === Okwaniriza kwa ''Africa Answers Back'' === ''Africa Answers Back'' y’emu ku bitabo by’Olungereza ebyasooka ebirina endowooza y’Abafirika ku nnyiriri z’amatwale. Omuzannyo guno gutwalibwa nga "ekiwandiiko ekikulu eky'ebiwandiiko bya Afirika eby'oluvannyuma lw'amatwale "Postcolonial literature" " nga guvumirira endowooza z'obuwangwa n'amawanga mu kiseera ekyo ezaali zitambula mu masomo n'abantu.<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> Wadde atenderezebwa okuva mu nsi y’ebiwandiiko, Nyabongo asanga okunenya olw’olugero luno. Omukugu mu by’ebiwandiiko Martina Kopf awoza nti Nyabongo yakwata enkola efaananako n’ebitongole by’amatwale bye yavumirira. Essira yaliteeka ku by’obujjanjabi, ng’omusajja eyalumizibbwa teyayingizibwa mu mboozi ekwata ku bujjanjabi bwe. Wabula, omukulu yakwata enkola okuva waggulu okudda wansi, ng’akozesa okuteebereza n’okusosola okumanyisa okusalawo kwe ku lw’abantu b’oku kyalo kye, okufaananako n’okusalawo okw’ekimpatiira okw’ebitongole by’amatwale.<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> Ekirala, Nyabongo okukozesa ekigambo ‘savage’ mu lunyiriri lwonna kyaleka abamanyi nga Mahruba T. Mowtushi nga babuusabuusa amakulu amabi ag’abantu b’omu kitundu okwawukana ku bantu ‘abakulembeze’.<ref name="Mowtushi-2015" /> Omukenkufu Danson Sylvester Kahyana yawa okwekenneenya okujjuvu ku kitabo kino. Essira yaliteka ku by’obusawo n’agamba nti Akiki Nyabongo okulwanirira okuleeta eddagala ly’amawanga g’obugwanjuba kwalaga enzikiriza ye ey’enjawulo mu buwangwa bw’amawanga g’obugwanjuba obukosa obulungi embeera z’abantu mu Afirika. Naye, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo alwanyisa obufuzi bw’amatwale okusinga alaba ebyenjigiriza by’amawanga g’obugwanjuba ng’okusoomoozebwa eri okuwangaala kw’emisingi, empisa, n’enzikiriza z’Afirika ezikola okumala ebyasa bingi.<ref name="Kahyana-2016" /> === Pulojekiti ze endala === Nyabongo yafulumya ebitabo by’enfumo ebitonotono mu myaka gya 1930. Mu 1937, yafulumya ''Emboozi za Bisoro'' (1937), n’addirira ''Emboozi za Bisoro II'' (1939) <ref name="Matera-2010" /><ref name="Nyabongo-1939">{{Cite book |last=Nyabongo |first=Akiki H.K. |date=1939 |title=Winds and Lights: African Fairy Tales |publisher=New York: The Voice of Ethiopia}}</ref> ''Empewo n'amataala:'' ''Enfumo z'Afirika'' zafulumizibwa mu 1939.<ref name="Nyabongo-1939" /> Nyabongo era yafulumya ekiwandiiko ekitannaba kufulumizibwa, "''Yali the Savage"'', ekyagenderera okwanjula munnakatemba, omuyimbi era omulwanirizi w’eddembe Omumerika Paul Robeson. Ebbago lino kati likuumiddwa mu tterekero ly'ebitabo erya Queen's College erya "The Nyabongo Papers".<ref name="The Queen's College, Oxford" /> Pulojekiti y’omuwandiisi eyasembayo okumanyibwa eyafulumizibwa yali kitabo eky’olulimi [[Olutooro]], ''Oruhenda'', ekyannyonnyola obuwangwa bw’ekitundu ky’e Tooro, ennono, n’olulimi lw’olubiri olw’ekyama.<ref name="Monroe-2022" /> Ng’omukugu mu by’enkula y’abantu eyatendekebwa mu Oxford, Nyabongo lumu yanoonyereza ku ''Ebito'', olulimi lwa Uganda olw’edda olwesigama ku bimuli. Mu kunoonyereza kuno, teyafaayo ku ndagamuntu ye ng’omulwanirizi w’ebyobufuzi mu Afrika yonna kyokka ng’ategeeza kuteesa ku ntambula n’okukwatagana kwa Uganda ey’edda ng’ayita mu nkola z’obuwangwa ezikwatagana. Kyokka Nyabongo yalemererwa okumaliriza okunoonyereza kuno. Pulojekiti eno teyaliimu nsimbi. Ekisinga obukulu, Obwakabaka bwa Tooro bwamusaba addeyo mu Uganda ayambeko mu kuteesa okwefuga okuva ku Bungereza.<ref name="Monroe-2022" /> == Okufa kwe == Akiki Nyabongo yafiira mu ddwaliro e Jinja mu Uganda omwezi Ogwekkumi 2, 1975, ku myaka 65. Alese mukyala we Ada Naomi Nyabongo ne mutabani we Amoti Nyabongo. == Ebikolwa ebirondeddwa == * ''Emboozi y’Omulangira w’Afirika'' (1935), n’eddamu okufulumizibwa n’etuumibwa erinnya ''lya Africa Answers Back'' (1936);<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> * ''Bisoro I'' (1937); * ''Bisoro II'' (1939);. * ''Empewo n’amataala: Enfumo z’Afirika'' (1939). == Ebikozesebwa mu kutereka ebyafaayo == "Empapula za Nyabongo" tterekero lya Queen's College eririmu emisomo gya Akiki Nyabongo, okuwandiika ebbago, ebitabo ebifulumiziddwa, n'ebifaananyi ebimukwatako. Ettendekero lino lyalonda ebimu ku bikung’aanyiziddwa mu mwoleso omutono mu Gwekkumi wa 2021 okujjukira omwezi gw’ebyafaayo by’abaddugavu.<ref name="The Queen's College, Oxford" /> == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} <references /> == Ebisingawo okusoma == * {{Cite book |last=Nyabongo |first=Akiki H.K. |date=1936 |title=Africa Answers Back |publisher=Routledge & Sons |location=London}} * {{Cite book |last=Nyabongo |first=Akiki H.K. |date=1939 |title=Winds and Lights: African Fairy Tales |publisher=The Voice of Ethiopia |location=New York}} oln4geqk5f566als9ylqkj0tsw6he3i 58532 58527 2026-07-03T14:02:59Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 corrected grammar and punctuations 58532 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Akiki Hosea Kanyarusoke Nyabongo''' ( c. 1907 – Ogwekkumi 2, 1975) yali munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era omuwandiisi w’ebitabo.<ref name="The New York Times-1975">{{Cite news|date=1975-10-17|title=Akiki Nyabongo, 65, Dies; Writer and Uganda Prince|language=en-US|page=38|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/10/17/archives/akiki-nyabongo-65-dies-writer-and-uganda-prince.html|access-date=2023-03-17|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Yazaalibwa omulangira w’Obukama bwa [[Tooro]] mu Bugwanjuba bwa Uganda era yasomera mu yunivasite mu Amerika ne Bungereza.<ref name="The New York Times-1975" /> Omukugu mu by’enkula y’abantu eyatendekebwa mu Oxford, Nyabongo yalina ebifo by’obusomesa mu Amerika era n’agenda mu maaso n’okunoonyereza ku by’enkula y’abantu.<ref name="Matera-2010">{{Cite journal |last=Matera |first=Marc |date=2010 |title=Colonial Subjects: Black Intellectuals and the Development of Colonial Studies in Britain |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23265207 |journal=Journal of British Studies |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=388–418 |doi=10.1086/649838 |issn=0021-9371 |jstor=23265207 |s2cid=143861344 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Oluvannyuma yakomawo e Uganda, n'ayambako mu kwefuga kwayo okuva ku Bungereza era n'abeerawo okutuusa lwe yafa.<ref name="Monroe-2022">{{Cite journal |last=Monroe |first=Caitlin C. |date=2022-08-01 |title=Searching for Nyabongo |url=https://read.dukeupress.edu/cssaame/article/42/2/389/317247/Searching-for-NyabongoAn-Unconventional-Ugandan |journal=Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East |language=en |volume=42 |issue=2 |pages=389–403 |doi=10.1215/1089201X-9987879 |issn=1089-201X |s2cid=252245781 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Akiki Nyabongo yakolagana n’abalwanirizi b’eddembe ab’enjawulo mu Afrika yonna "pan-African" (nga mw’otwalidde ne [[WEB Du Bois|W.E.B Du Bois]] ne George Padmore ) era n’awagira mu lwatu okuva kwa africa u bufuzi bw'amatwale (African decolonization) n’okukulaakulana mu biwandiiko bye. Ekitabo kye ekyasinga okumanyika ye ''Africa Answers Back'' (1936), ekimu ku bitabo eby’olulimi Olungereza ebyasooka okuwandiikibwa omuwandiisi Munnayuganda.<ref name="Kopf-2019">{{Cite journal |last=Kopf |first=Martina |date=2019 |title=Encountering development in East African fiction |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0021989417707801 |journal=The Journal of Commonwealth Literature |language=en |volume=54 |issue=3 |pages=338 |doi=10.1177/0021989417707801 |issn=0021-9894 |s2cid=157910109 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Omuzannyo guno gwalaba ensonga y’ebyobufuzi n’obuwangwa ekwatagana mu Afrika ey’amatwale (colonial Africa) ng’akabonero k’okukkiriza kwe mu bumu bwa Afirika. Nyabongo yakiikirira okwagala kw'abantu ba bugwanjuba bwa Uganda ( [[Tooro]] ) olw'eddembe ly'ebyobufuzi n'okuwuliza amaloboozi gaabwe mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Kahyana-2016">{{Cite journal |last=Kahyana |first=Danson Sylvester |date=2016-12-31 |title=Depiction of African Indigenous Education in Akiki Nyabongo's Africa Answers Back (1936) |url=https://journals.ukzn.ac.za/index.php/soa/article/view/1363 |journal=Alternation Journal |language=en-US |issue=18 |pages=241–243 |issn=2519-5476}}</ref> == Obuto n’okusoma kwe == [[File:Flag_of_the_Tooro_Kingdom.svg|thumb|Bendera y'Obukama bw'e Tooro]] [[File:Kingdom_of_Toro_(map_of_the_original_kingdom).png|thumb|Maapu y'Obwakabaka bwa Tooro mu Uganda]] Akiki Nyabongo yali mutabani w’omugenzi [[Kyembambe III]], [[Omukama]] ow’Obwakabaka bwa Tooro mu bugwanjuba bwa Uganda. Yazaalibwa mu kibuga Fort Portal e Uganda mu 1907.<ref name="Kahyana-2016" /> Omulangira ono omuto yamaliriza siniya mu King's College e Budo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa. Amasomo g'awaggulu yagasomera ku [[Howard University]] (gye yaggya Diguli Esooka) ne [[Yale]] . Yasomera mu [[Harvard University]] okufuna diguli ye eyookubiri n'eyookusatu oba PhD mu by'obutonde mu [[Queen's College]], ku ttendekkero lya The University of Oxford.<ref name="Matera-2010" /> Mu 1937, ekitongole kya Rhodes Trust kyatandika okuwagira emisomo gye olw’okusoma kwe okwali okulungi eyo.<ref name="Monroe-2022" /> Nyabongo yatikkirwa mu 1939 mu Oxford n'ebbaluwa eyitibwa "''The Religious Practices and Beliefs of Ugandans"'' . Okunoonyereza kuno kwekenneenya mu bujjuvu [[eddiini mu Uganda]], enzikiriza, n’obuwangwa. Kyatenderezebwa ng’ekyokulabirako ky'Okunoonyereza n'okumanya embeera z'obuwangwa (autoetnography) nga kirimu omuwendo gw’eby’ensoma ogutenkanika bulungi.<ref name="The Queen's College, Oxford">{{Cite web |title=Africa Answers Back (exhibition) |url=https://www.queens.ox.ac.uk/exhibitions/africa-answers-back/ |access-date=2023-03-17 |website=The Queen's College, Oxford |language=en-US}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Oluvannyuma lw’okumaliriza diguli ye ey’okusatu (doctorate), okwawukana ku gavumenti y’amatwale ga Bungereza (British colonial government) eyali eyagala okumukomyaawo e Uganda, yasenguka n’abeera mu Brooklyn, ekibuga kya New York, mu 1940. Mu myaka gya 1940, yali pulofeesa mu [[Yunivasite y’e Alabama]] n’oluvannyuma mu [[North Carolina A&T University]] .<ref name="Matera-2010" /> Mu 1957, yakomawo mu Uganda okuyambako mu kuteesa okwefuga okuva ku Bungereza.<ref name="Monroe-2022" /> Mu 1959, Nyabongo yadduka mu Uganda olw'ebyokwerinda. Yatandika okukola nga pulofeesa w’Essomo ly'entabaganya (sociology) n’obuwangwa (culture) mu [[yunivasite y’e Leiden]] e Hague mu Budaaki (Netherlands). Nga 1962 tannatuuka, yakolera ku kakiiko ka ssemateeka akalondoola obwetwaze bwa Uganda. Oluvannyuma Nyabongo yeesimbawo ku bwa nnamunigina ku kifo kya palamenti mu bukiikaddyo bwa Tooro, ekitundu ekiriraanye ekibuga kye Fort Portal n’awangulwa. Nyabongo emirimu gye gyonna yagimala mu Uganda, nga ssentebe w’akakiiko ka gavumenti ya Uganda akategeka ebibuga n’ensi okutuusa lwe yafa mu 1975.<ref name="Monroe-2022" /> == Okulwanirira ebyobufuzi == === Okukwatagana kwe n’abalwanirizi b’eddembe === [[File:Flag_of_the_UNIA.svg|thumb|"Bendera y'obumu mu mawanga ga Africa" eyatondebwawo ekibiina ekigatta abaddugavu ekya Universal Negro Improvement Association ne African Communities League]] Nyabongo yabeeranga mu bulamu obw’ensi yonna (global life). Yakolagana n’[[abalwanirizi b’eddembe ly’obuntu]] abamanyiddwa era n’agabana emirimu gye yawandiika mu Uganda, America, n'Obugwanjuba bwa Bulaaya. Yabeeranga era n’akolagana ne George Padmore era n’akolagana ne W.E.B Du Bois ku pulojekiti ya "latter's abortive project, ''Encyclopedia of the Negro''". Nyabongo yasomooza obufuzi bw’amatwale era n’ayongera emboozi ezikwata ku nkola y’ensi yonna (Internationalism) ey’Abaddugavu ng’ayita mu bitabo bino, enkolagana, n’ebbaluwa. Nyabongo era yayanjula omulwanirizi w’eddembe ly’obuntu Eslanda Goode Robeson mu Uganda mu lugendo lwe ku lukalu lwa Africa mu 1936.<ref name="Matera-2010" /> Mu 1936, bwe yali amaliriza ebbaluwa ku mpisa z’eddiini za Uganda mu [[Queen’s College, Oxford]], era nga wayise omwaka gumu ng’afulumya ekitabo kye ekyasooka "''The Story of an African Chief'' (re-titled ''Africa answers back'' )", Nyabongo yaweereza ebbaluwa eri [[Rabindranath Tagore]] (1861–1941), omuyimbi Omubengali. Ebbaluwa eno yasaba okuvvuunulwa kw’ekitontome ekirimu empisa Tagore kye yayiiya ku Afirika okubunyisa ekiwandiiko ekyo eri Abafirika bonna. Ekitontome kino kyawakanya Benito Mussolini [[okulumba Ethiopia]] (mu kiseera ekyo [[Abyssinia]] ) era ne kivumirira effujjo eryategekebwa amagye ga Bwakabaka bwa Bulaaya ku ssemazinga wa Afirika. Mu kwanukula Tagore Nyabongo, yagondera okusaba kwa Nyabongo. Olw'ebbaluwa eno, amawulire g'e Bungereza aga ''The Spectator'' gaafulumya "To Africa," enkyusa y'Olungereza ey'ekitontome ekyasooka ekyavvuunulwa Tagore nga May 7, 1937.<ref name="Mowtushi-2015" /> === Okwetaba mu byobufuzi === Mu 1945, Akiki Nyabongo yawa omulimu mu Ttabamiruka w’Abafuzi b’amatwale Du Bois ne NAACP gwe baayita mu New York mu Gwokuna 6 ku ttabi lya 135th Street mu tterekero ly’ebitabo erya New York Public Library. Yali mmemba ku kakiiko akasalawo era yayambako okulaga ensonga nnya ezaali ziwagira okulwanyisa obufuzi bw’amatwale (Decolonization) n’enkulaakulana y’amawanga ga Afrika. Ensonga zino zaasindikibwa mu mawulire ag’enjawulo era okukkakkana nga zayanjuddwa mu lukungaana lw’e San Francisco.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sherwood |first=Marika |date=1996 |title="There Is No New Deal for the Blackman in San Francisco": African Attempts to Influence the Founding Conference of the United Nations, April–July, 1945 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/221419 |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=71–94 |doi=10.2307/221419 |issn=0361-7882 |jstor=221419 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Akiki Nyabongo yali mmemba wa maanyi era nga yayamba nnyo mu kibiina ky’abayizi ekya Universal Ethiopian Student’s Association (UESA), ekyatandikibwawo abamanyi abalwanirizi b’eddembe okuva mu Amerika, Caribbeans, ne Africa, mu Harlem, New York, mu 1927. <ref name="Anthony-2014">{{Cite thesis|last=Anthony|first=TaKeia N.|title=Mobilizing Diaspora: The Universal Ethiopian Students' Association, 1927–1948|date=2014|publisher=Howard University|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/1620907442|language=en|access-date=2023-03-17|id={{ProQuest|1620907442}}}}<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref> Mu January 1947, Nyabongo yaweereza ng’omuwandiisi omukulu mu kitabo ekikulu ekya UESA: ''The African: The Journal of African Affairs'' . Obuwandiisi bwe bwali kabonero k’abagezigezi Abaddugavu bonna okufaayo ku mbeera y’ebyobufuzi eyali efuuse ey’okusika omuguwa mu Afrika. Nyabongo yayambako mu kusengulwa kuno bwe yalagira ekitabo kino okussa essira ku byobufuzi bya Afrika. Ekirala, bwe yawandiika okwekenneenya ebitabo ku sikaala z’abavubuka aba Africa abamanyiddwa ennyo ezasemba UESA, nga WEB Du Bois’s ''Black Folk Then and Now'', Nyabongo yagezaako okulwanirira obumu mu bantu b’Abaddugavu bonna. Agenda zombi zaddamu omulanga gw’ekitabo kino ogw’okusumululwa, okuggwaawo kw’obufuzi bwa mawanga, okufuula Abafirika abali mu nsi endala abantu, n’okukulaakulanya amawanga ga Afrika.<ref name="Anthony-2014" /> === Endowooza ye ku byobufuzi === Akiki Nyabongo yalwanirira obumu bw’amawanga n’amadiini. Nyabongo era yali akwatagana n'abakiise mu kibiina kya African Association era n'awagira olulimi olumu wonna, olw'ekuusa ku bwasseruganda, nga tewali "kika kilwanyisa bika" oba "ebiwayi ebiwakanya ebiwayi".<ref name="Sanders-2019">{{Cite journal |last=Sanders |first=Ethan R. |date=2019 |title=James Aggrey and the African Nation: Pan-Africanism, Public Memory, and Political Imagination in Colonial East Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/45281486 |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=52 |issue=3 |pages=399–424 |issn=0361-7882 |jstor=45281486}}</ref> Endowooza eno yakwata butereevu ku mawanga mangi ag’obuvanjuba bwa Afrika nga galina amawanga mangi, omuli ekitongole kya Bungereza ekya Uganda Protectorate n’Obwakabaka bwa Tooro. Ng’aluŋŋamizibwa Dr. [[James Aggrey]] n’enjigiriza ye ku ndaba ye ey'ebintu ku bumu n’okuzingiramu ssemazinga wa Africa yenna, Akiki Nyabongo yayongera okuggumiza nti tewalina kubaawo kuyomba kwa ddiini mu Bannafirika era n’enzikiriza y’eddiini y’omuntu erina okussibwamu ekitiibwa. Yasindiikiriza okuyingiza eddiini mu nteekateeka ze ez’ebyobufuzi. Ku Nyabongo, okuyingiza eddiini mu bantu bonna yali ngeri nkulu nnyo ey’okutumbula obulamu obulungi obw’awamu obwa ssemazinga yenna. Enjawulo eyasangulwa wakati w’embeera z’abantu yaleetawo enjawulo y’Afirika ey’okugabana, nga ewagira okuzuukuka kw’ebyobufuzi mu Afrika yonna.<ref name="Sanders-2019" /> == Ebiwandiiko n’okunoonyereza kwe == Akiki Nyabongo yali muwandiisi era omuwandiisi omujjumbize. Y’omu ku bawandiisi mu Uganda abaasooka okufulumya ekitabo ky’Olungereza,<ref name="Monroe-2022" /> era ye yali omuwandiisi omukulu mu lupapula lwa ''The African'' Magazine ''.''<ref name="Sugirtharajah-2005">{{Cite book |last=Sugirtharajah |first=R.S. |year=2005 |title=The Bible and Empire: Postcolonial Explorations |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9780511614552/type/book |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-53191-7 |edition=1 |doi=10.1017/cbo9780511614552.006}}</ref> Omulimu gwe ogusinga okumanyika gwe kitabo "''Story of an African Chief"'', ekyafulumizibwa mu 1935, ekyaddamu okufulumizibwa mu 1936 wansi w’omutwe "''Africa Answers Back".''<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> Olugero luno olukwata ku bulamu bw’omuntu (semi-autobiographical novel) luteekeddwa mu Buganda era nga lugoberera emboozi y’obulamu bwa Abala Stanley Mujungu: mutabani w’omutaka Omuganda alinnya ku ntebe.<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> Omuzannyi omukulu alwanagana n’endagamuntu ye mu bulamu bwe bwonna, ng’agezaako okutebenkeza empisa enzaalwa ezaasimbibwa bazadde be n’ebikosa [[Obukristaayo]] n’obuwangwa bw’amawanga g’obugwanjuba okuva mu baminsani b’omu kitundu.<ref name="Sugirtharajah-2005" /> Enkola z’okumanya eza Afirika n’Abazungu zikontana enfunda eziwera mu butakkaanya mu kitabo kyonna. Mu kifaananyi ekimu, omuzannyi omukulu, Mujungu, eyaakalondebwa okuba omukulu, asaba omusawo w’omu kitundu okujjanjaba omukono gw’omusajja eyamenyese oluvannyuma lw’okulaba omusawo Omuzungu ng’agusibye ne bandegi.<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> Omusawo Omugirimaani alaga okwewuunya, nga tasobola kutegeera nkola ndala ey’obujjanjabi nga takozesezza bandegi. Abasawo Abagirimaani n’Abangereza basaba okutuula mu bayige engeri omusawo w’omu kitundu gy’agenda okulongoosaamu, nga bakozesa obumanyirivu obwo ng’omukisa gw’okuyiga.<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> Ekifo kino kiraga ekyokulabirako ky’obutuufu bw’enkola z’okumanya ez’obusawo mu Afirika bw’ogeraageranya n’obusawo bw’amawanga g’obugwanjuba; omulamwa Nyabongo gw'aberezaamu mu lunyiriri lwonna.<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> === Enkolagana y'eddiini mu kya ''Africa Answers Back'' === Enkolagana y'eddiini (Religious syncretism), okuyingiza enkola z’eddiini bbiri ezitakwatagana (okugeza, emikolo) mu nkola emu ekwatagana, gwali mulamwa gwa maanyi ogweyolekera mu ''Africa yonna Answers Back'' mu kunnyonnyola okugatta enkola z’eddiini z’Ekikristaayo n’ez’Afirika mu Uganda. Endowooza eno elagibwa ku ntandikwa y’olugero ng’omukulu atuuma mutabani we erinnya, omuzannyi omukulu mu lunyiriri luno Abala Stanley Mujungu. "Abala" lyali linnya lya nnono mu Uganda, so nga Stanley lyasibuka ku mulangira okwagala ennyo omuminsani Omukristaayo ayitibwa Stanley.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|title=The Fissures of Fusion|publisher=Brill|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004489950_018|access-date=2023-03-17|last=Döring|first=Tobias|year=1996|editor-last=Stummer|editor-first=Peter O.|pages=139–152|doi=10.1163/9789004489950_018|isbn=9789004489950|chapter=Fusion of Cultures?|editor2-first=Christopher|editor2-last=Balme|url-access=subscription}}</ref> === Okwaniriza kw'ekitabo kye ekya ''Africa Answers Back'' === ''Africa Answers Back'' y’emu ku bitabo by’Olungereza ebyasooka ebirina endowooza y’Abafirica ku byali byogerwa abafuzi b’amatwale. Omuzannyo guno gutwalibwa nga "ekiwandiiko ekikulu eky'ebiwandiiko bya Afirika eby'oluvannyuma lw'amatwale "Postcolonial literature" " nga guvumirira endowooza z'obuwangwa n'amawanga mu kiseera ekyo ezaali zitambula mu masomo n'abantu.<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> Wadde atenderezebwa okuva mu nsi y’ebiwandiiko, Nyabongo asanga okunenya olw’olugero luno. Omukugu mu by’ebiwandiiko Martina Kopf awoza nti Nyabongo yakwata enkola efaananako n’ebitongole by’amatwale bye yavumirira. Essira yaliteeka ku by’obujjanjabi, ng’omusajja eyalumizibbwa teyayingizibwa mu mboozi ekwata ku bujjanjabi bwe. Wabula, omukulu yakwata enkola okuva waggulu okudda wansi, ng’akozesa okuteebereza n’okusosola okumanyisa okusalawo kwe ku lw’abantu b’oku kyalo kye, okufaananako n’okusalawo okw’ekimpatiira okw’ebitongole by’amatwale.<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> Ekirala, Nyabongo okukozesa ekigambo ‘savage’ mu lunyiriri lwonna kyaleka abamanyi nga Mahruba T. Mowtushi nga babuusabuusa amakulu amabi ag’abantu b’omu kitundu okwawukana ku bantu ‘abakulembeze’.<ref name="Mowtushi-2015" /> Omukenkufu Danson Sylvester Kahyana yawa okwekenneenya okujjuvu ku kitabo kino. Essira yaliteka ku by’obusawo n’agamba nti Akiki Nyabongo okulwanirira okuleeta eddagala ly’amawanga g’obugwanjuba kwalaga enzikiriza ye ey’enjawulo mu buwangwa bw’amawanga g’obugwanjuba obukosa obulungi embeera z’abantu mu Afirika. Naye, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo alwanyisa obufuzi bw’amatwale okusinga alaba ebyenjigiriza by’amawanga g’obugwanjuba ng’okusoomoozebwa eri okuwangaala kw’emisingi, empisa, n’enzikiriza z’Afirika ezikola okumala ebyasa bingi.<ref name="Kahyana-2016" /> === Pulojekiti ze endala === Nyabongo yafulumya ebitabo by’enfumo ebitonotono mu myaka gya 1930. Mu 1937, yafulumya ''Emboozi za Bisoro'' (1937), n’addirira ''Emboozi za Bisoro II'' (1939) <ref name="Matera-2010" /><ref name="Nyabongo-1939">{{Cite book |last=Nyabongo |first=Akiki H.K. |date=1939 |title=Winds and Lights: African Fairy Tales |publisher=New York: The Voice of Ethiopia}}</ref> ''Empewo n'amataala:'' ''Enfumo z'Afirika'' zafulumizibwa mu 1939.<ref name="Nyabongo-1939" /> Nyabongo era yafulumya ekiwandiiko ekitannaba kufulumizibwa, "''Yali the Savage"'', ekyagenderera okwanjula munnakatemba, omuyimbi era omulwanirizi w’eddembe Omumerika Paul Robeson. Ebbago lino kati likuumiddwa mu tterekero ly'ebitabo erya Queen's College erya "The Nyabongo Papers".<ref name="The Queen's College, Oxford" /> Pulojekiti y’omuwandiisi eyasembayo okumanyibwa eyafulumizibwa yali kitabo eky’olulimi [[Olutooro]], ''Oruhenda'', ekyannyonnyola obuwangwa bw’ekitundu ky’e Tooro, ennono, n’olulimi lw’olubiri olw’ekyama.<ref name="Monroe-2022" /> Ng’omukugu mu by’enkula y’abantu eyatendekebwa mu Oxford, Nyabongo lumu yanoonyereza ku ''Ebito'', olulimi lwa Uganda olw’edda olwesigama ku bimuli. Mu kunoonyereza kuno, teyafaayo ku ndagamuntu ye ng’omulwanirizi w’ebyobufuzi mu Afrika yonna kyokka ng’ategeeza kuteesa ku ntambula n’okukwatagana kwa Uganda ey’edda ng’ayita mu nkola z’obuwangwa ezikwatagana. Kyokka Nyabongo yalemererwa okumaliriza okunoonyereza kuno. Pulojekiti eno teyaliimu nsimbi. Ekisinga obukulu, Obwakabaka bwa Tooro bwamusaba addeyo mu Uganda ayambeko mu kuteesa okwefuga okuva ku Bungereza.<ref name="Monroe-2022" /> == Okufa kwe == Akiki Nyabongo yafiira mu ddwaliro e Jinja mu Uganda omwezi Ogwekkumi 2, 1975, ku myaka 65. Alese mukyala we Ada Naomi Nyabongo ne mutabani we Amoti Nyabongo. == Ebikolwa ebirondeddwa == * ''Emboozi y’Omulangira w’Afirika'' (1935), n’eddamu okufulumizibwa n’etuumibwa erinnya ''lya Africa Answers Back'' (1936);<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> * ''Bisoro I'' (1937); * ''Bisoro II'' (1939);. * ''Empewo n’amataala: Enfumo z’Afirika'' (1939). == Ebikozesebwa mu kutereka ebyafaayo == "Empapula za Nyabongo" tterekero lya Queen's College eririmu emisomo gya Akiki Nyabongo, okuwandiika ebbago, ebitabo ebifulumiziddwa, n'ebifaananyi ebimukwatako. Ettendekero lino lyalonda ebimu ku bikung’aanyiziddwa mu mwoleso omutono mu Gwekkumi wa 2021 okujjukira omwezi gw’ebyafaayo by’abaddugavu.<ref name="The Queen's College, Oxford" /> == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} <references /> == Ebisingawo okusoma == * {{Cite book |last=Nyabongo |first=Akiki H.K. |date=1936 |title=Africa Answers Back |publisher=Routledge & Sons |location=London}} * {{Cite book |last=Nyabongo |first=Akiki H.K. |date=1939 |title=Winds and Lights: African Fairy Tales |publisher=The Voice of Ethiopia |location=New York}} pjmsyxs0qdpdbtlgylbnbr5jwpe323g 58535 58532 2026-07-03T14:06:13Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 corrected grammar and punctuations and spellings 58535 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Akiki Hosea Kanyarusoke Nyabongo''' ( c. 1907 – Ogwekkumi 2, 1975) yali munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era omuwandiisi w’ebitabo.<ref name="The New York Times-1975">{{Cite news|date=1975-10-17|title=Akiki Nyabongo, 65, Dies; Writer and Uganda Prince|language=en-US|page=38|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/10/17/archives/akiki-nyabongo-65-dies-writer-and-uganda-prince.html|access-date=2023-03-17|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Yazaalibwa omulangira w’Obukama bwa [[Tooro]] mu Bugwanjuba bwa Uganda era yasomera mu yunivasite mu Amerika ne Bungereza.<ref name="The New York Times-1975" /> Omukugu mu by’enkula y’abantu eyatendekebwa mu Oxford, Nyabongo yalina ebifo by’obusomesa mu Amerika era n’agenda mu maaso n’okunoonyereza ku by’enkula y’abantu.<ref name="Matera-2010">{{Cite journal |last=Matera |first=Marc |date=2010 |title=Colonial Subjects: Black Intellectuals and the Development of Colonial Studies in Britain |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23265207 |journal=Journal of British Studies |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=388–418 |doi=10.1086/649838 |issn=0021-9371 |jstor=23265207 |s2cid=143861344 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Oluvannyuma yakomawo e Uganda, n'ayambako mu kwefuga kwayo okuva ku Bungereza era n'abeerawo okutuusa lwe yafa.<ref name="Monroe-2022">{{Cite journal |last=Monroe |first=Caitlin C. |date=2022-08-01 |title=Searching for Nyabongo |url=https://read.dukeupress.edu/cssaame/article/42/2/389/317247/Searching-for-NyabongoAn-Unconventional-Ugandan |journal=Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East |language=en |volume=42 |issue=2 |pages=389–403 |doi=10.1215/1089201X-9987879 |issn=1089-201X |s2cid=252245781 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Akiki Nyabongo yakolagana n’abalwanirizi b’eddembe ab’enjawulo mu Afrika yonna "pan-African" (nga mw’otwalidde ne [[WEB Du Bois|W.E.B Du Bois]] ne George Padmore ) era n’awagira mu lwatu okuva kwa africa u bufuzi bw'amatwale (African decolonization) n’okukulaakulana mu biwandiiko bye. Ekitabo kye ekyasinga okumanyika ye ''Africa Answers Back'' (1936), ekimu ku bitabo eby’olulimi Olungereza ebyasooka okuwandiikibwa omuwandiisi Munnayuganda.<ref name="Kopf-2019">{{Cite journal |last=Kopf |first=Martina |date=2019 |title=Encountering development in East African fiction |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0021989417707801 |journal=The Journal of Commonwealth Literature |language=en |volume=54 |issue=3 |pages=338 |doi=10.1177/0021989417707801 |issn=0021-9894 |s2cid=157910109 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Omuzannyo guno gwalaba ensonga y’ebyobufuzi n’obuwangwa ekwatagana mu Afrika ey’amatwale (colonial Africa) ng’akabonero k’okukkiriza kwe mu bumu bwa Afirika. Nyabongo yakiikirira okwagala kw'abantu ba bugwanjuba bwa Uganda ( [[Tooro]] ) olw'eddembe ly'ebyobufuzi n'okuwuliza amaloboozi gaabwe mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Kahyana-2016">{{Cite journal |last=Kahyana |first=Danson Sylvester |date=2016-12-31 |title=Depiction of African Indigenous Education in Akiki Nyabongo's Africa Answers Back (1936) |url=https://journals.ukzn.ac.za/index.php/soa/article/view/1363 |journal=Alternation Journal |language=en-US |issue=18 |pages=241–243 |issn=2519-5476}}</ref> == Obuto n’okusoma kwe == [[File:Flag_of_the_Tooro_Kingdom.svg|thumb|Bendera y'Obukama bw'e Tooro]] [[File:Kingdom_of_Toro_(map_of_the_original_kingdom).png|thumb|Maapu y'Obwakabaka bwa Tooro mu Uganda]] Akiki Nyabongo yali mutabani w’omugenzi [[Kyembambe III]], [[Omukama]] ow’Obwakabaka bwa Tooro mu bugwanjuba bwa Uganda. Yazaalibwa mu kibuga Fort Portal e Uganda mu 1907.<ref name="Kahyana-2016" /> Omulangira ono omuto yamaliriza siniya mu King's College e Budo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa. Amasomo g'awaggulu yagasomera ku [[Howard University]] (gye yaggya Diguli Esooka) ne [[Yale]] . Yasomera mu [[Harvard University]] okufuna diguli ye eyookubiri n'eyookusatu oba PhD mu by'obutonde mu [[Queen's College]], ku ttendekkero lya The University of Oxford.<ref name="Matera-2010" /> Mu 1937, ekitongole kya Rhodes Trust kyatandika okuwagira emisomo gye olw’okusoma kwe okwali okulungi eyo.<ref name="Monroe-2022" /> Nyabongo yatikkirwa mu 1939 mu Oxford n'ebbaluwa eyitibwa "''The Religious Practices and Beliefs of Ugandans"'' . Okunoonyereza kuno kwekenneenya mu bujjuvu [[eddiini mu Uganda]], enzikiriza, n’obuwangwa. Kyatenderezebwa ng’ekyokulabirako ky'Okunoonyereza n'okumanya embeera z'obuwangwa (autoetnography) nga kirimu omuwendo gw’eby’ensoma ogutenkanika bulungi.<ref name="The Queen's College, Oxford">{{Cite web |title=Africa Answers Back (exhibition) |url=https://www.queens.ox.ac.uk/exhibitions/africa-answers-back/ |access-date=2023-03-17 |website=The Queen's College, Oxford |language=en-US}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Oluvannyuma lw’okumaliriza diguli ye ey’okusatu (doctorate), okwawukana ku gavumenti y’amatwale ga Bungereza (British colonial government) eyali eyagala okumukomyaawo e Uganda, yasenguka n’abeera mu Brooklyn, ekibuga kya New York, mu 1940. Mu myaka gya 1940, yali pulofeesa mu [[Yunivasite y’e Alabama]] n’oluvannyuma mu [[North Carolina A&T University]] .<ref name="Matera-2010" /> Mu 1957, yakomawo mu Uganda okuyambako mu kuteesa okwefuga okuva ku Bungereza.<ref name="Monroe-2022" /> Mu 1959, Nyabongo yadduka mu Uganda olw'ebyokwerinda. Yatandika okukola nga pulofeesa w’Essomo ly'entabaganya (sociology) n’obuwangwa (culture) mu [[yunivasite y’e Leiden]] e Hague mu Budaaki (Netherlands). Nga 1962 tannatuuka, yakolera ku kakiiko ka ssemateeka akalondoola obwetwaze bwa Uganda. Oluvannyuma Nyabongo yeesimbawo ku bwa nnamunigina ku kifo kya palamenti mu bukiikaddyo bwa Tooro, ekitundu ekiriraanye ekibuga kye Fort Portal n’awangulwa. Nyabongo emirimu gye gyonna yagimala mu Uganda, nga ssentebe w’akakiiko ka gavumenti ya Uganda akategeka ebibuga n’ensi okutuusa lwe yafa mu 1975.<ref name="Monroe-2022" /> == Okulwanirira ebyobufuzi == === Okukwatagana kwe n’abalwanirizi b’eddembe === [[File:Flag_of_the_UNIA.svg|thumb|"Bendera y'obumu mu mawanga ga Africa" eyatondebwawo ekibiina ekigatta abaddugavu ekya Universal Negro Improvement Association ne African Communities League]] Nyabongo yabeeranga mu bulamu obw’ensi yonna (global life). Yakolagana n’[[abalwanirizi b’eddembe ly’obuntu]] abamanyiddwa era n’agabana emirimu gye yawandiika mu Uganda, America, n'Obugwanjuba bwa Bulaaya. Yabeeranga era n’akolagana ne George Padmore era n’akolagana ne W.E.B Du Bois ku pulojekiti ya "latter's abortive project, ''Encyclopedia of the Negro''". Nyabongo yasomooza obufuzi bw’amatwale era n’ayongera emboozi ezikwata ku nkola y’ensi yonna (Internationalism) ey’Abaddugavu ng’ayita mu bitabo bino, enkolagana, n’ebbaluwa. Nyabongo era yayanjula omulwanirizi w’eddembe ly’obuntu Eslanda Goode Robeson mu Uganda mu lugendo lwe ku lukalu lwa Africa mu 1936.<ref name="Matera-2010" /> Mu 1936, bwe yali amaliriza ebbaluwa ku mpisa z’eddiini za Uganda mu [[Queen’s College, Oxford]], era nga wayise omwaka gumu ng’afulumya ekitabo kye ekyasooka "''The Story of an African Chief'' (re-titled ''Africa answers back'' )", Nyabongo yaweereza ebbaluwa eri [[Rabindranath Tagore]] (1861–1941), omuyimbi Omubengali. Ebbaluwa eno yasaba okuvvuunulwa kw’ekitontome ekirimu empisa Tagore kye yayiiya ku Afirika okubunyisa ekiwandiiko ekyo eri Abafirika bonna. Ekitontome kino kyawakanya Benito Mussolini [[okulumba Ethiopia]] (mu kiseera ekyo [[Abyssinia]] ) era ne kivumirira effujjo eryategekebwa amagye ga Bwakabaka bwa Bulaaya ku ssemazinga wa Afirika. Mu kwanukula Tagore Nyabongo, yagondera okusaba kwa Nyabongo. Olw'ebbaluwa eno, amawulire g'e Bungereza aga ''The Spectator'' gaafulumya "To Africa," enkyusa y'Olungereza ey'ekitontome ekyasooka ekyavvuunulwa Tagore nga May 7, 1937.<ref name="Mowtushi-2015" /> === Okwetaba mu byobufuzi === Mu 1945, Akiki Nyabongo yawa omulimu mu Ttabamiruka w’Abafuzi b’amatwale Du Bois ne NAACP gwe baayita mu New York mu Gwokuna 6 ku ttabi lya 135th Street mu tterekero ly’ebitabo erya New York Public Library. Yali mmemba ku kakiiko akasalawo era yayambako okulaga ensonga nnya ezaali ziwagira okulwanyisa obufuzi bw’amatwale (Decolonization) n’enkulaakulana y’amawanga ga Afrika. Ensonga zino zaasindikibwa mu mawulire ag’enjawulo era okukkakkana nga zayanjuddwa mu lukungaana lw’e San Francisco.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sherwood |first=Marika |date=1996 |title="There Is No New Deal for the Blackman in San Francisco": African Attempts to Influence the Founding Conference of the United Nations, April–July, 1945 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/221419 |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=71–94 |doi=10.2307/221419 |issn=0361-7882 |jstor=221419 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Akiki Nyabongo yali mmemba wa maanyi era nga yayamba nnyo mu kibiina ky’abayizi ekya Universal Ethiopian Student’s Association (UESA), ekyatandikibwawo abamanyi abalwanirizi b’eddembe okuva mu Amerika, Caribbeans, ne Africa, mu Harlem, New York, mu 1927. <ref name="Anthony-2014">{{Cite thesis|last=Anthony|first=TaKeia N.|title=Mobilizing Diaspora: The Universal Ethiopian Students' Association, 1927–1948|date=2014|publisher=Howard University|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/1620907442|language=en|access-date=2023-03-17|id={{ProQuest|1620907442}}}}<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref> Mu January 1947, Nyabongo yaweereza ng’omuwandiisi omukulu mu kitabo ekikulu ekya UESA: ''The African: The Journal of African Affairs'' . Obuwandiisi bwe bwali kabonero k’abagezigezi Abaddugavu bonna okufaayo ku mbeera y’ebyobufuzi eyali efuuse ey’okusika omuguwa mu Afrika. Nyabongo yayambako mu kusengulwa kuno bwe yalagira ekitabo kino okussa essira ku byobufuzi bya Afrika. Ekirala, bwe yawandiika okwekenneenya ebitabo ku sikaala z’abavubuka aba Africa abamanyiddwa ennyo ezasemba UESA, nga WEB Du Bois’s ''Black Folk Then and Now'', Nyabongo yagezaako okulwanirira obumu mu bantu b’Abaddugavu bonna. Agenda zombi zaddamu omulanga gw’ekitabo kino ogw’okusumululwa, okuggwaawo kw’obufuzi bwa mawanga, okufuula Abafirika abali mu nsi endala abantu, n’okukulaakulanya amawanga ga Afrika.<ref name="Anthony-2014" /> === Endowooza ye ku byobufuzi === Akiki Nyabongo yalwanirira obumu bw’amawanga n’amadiini. Nyabongo era yali akwatagana n'abakiise mu kibiina kya African Association era n'awagira olulimi olumu wonna, olw'ekuusa ku bwasseruganda, nga tewali "kika kilwanyisa bika" oba "ebiwayi ebiwakanya ebiwayi".<ref name="Sanders-2019">{{Cite journal |last=Sanders |first=Ethan R. |date=2019 |title=James Aggrey and the African Nation: Pan-Africanism, Public Memory, and Political Imagination in Colonial East Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/45281486 |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=52 |issue=3 |pages=399–424 |issn=0361-7882 |jstor=45281486}}</ref> Endowooza eno yakwata butereevu ku mawanga mangi ag’obuvanjuba bwa Afrika nga galina amawanga mangi, omuli ekitongole kya Bungereza ekya Uganda Protectorate n’Obwakabaka bwa Tooro. Ng’aluŋŋamizibwa Dr. [[James Aggrey]] n’enjigiriza ye ku ndaba ye ey'ebintu ku bumu n’okuzingiramu ssemazinga wa Africa yenna, Akiki Nyabongo yayongera okuggumiza nti tewalina kubaawo kuyomba kwa ddiini mu Bannafirika era n’enzikiriza y’eddiini y’omuntu erina okussibwamu ekitiibwa. Yasindiikiriza okuyingiza eddiini mu nteekateeka ze ez’ebyobufuzi. Ku Nyabongo, okuyingiza eddiini mu bantu bonna yali ngeri nkulu nnyo ey’okutumbula obulamu obulungi obw’awamu obwa ssemazinga yenna. Enjawulo eyasangulwa wakati w’embeera z’abantu yaleetawo enjawulo y’Afirika ey’okugabana, nga ewagira okuzuukuka kw’ebyobufuzi mu Afrika yonna.<ref name="Sanders-2019" /> == Ebiwandiiko n’okunoonyereza kwe == Akiki Nyabongo yali muwandiisi era omuwandiisi omujjumbize. Y’omu ku bawandiisi mu Uganda abaasooka okufulumya ekitabo ky’Olungereza,<ref name="Monroe-2022" /> era ye yali omuwandiisi omukulu mu lupapula lwa ''The African'' Magazine ''.''<ref name="Sugirtharajah-2005">{{Cite book |last=Sugirtharajah |first=R.S. |year=2005 |title=The Bible and Empire: Postcolonial Explorations |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9780511614552/type/book |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-53191-7 |edition=1 |doi=10.1017/cbo9780511614552.006}}</ref> Omulimu gwe ogusinga okumanyika gwe kitabo "''Story of an African Chief"'', ekyafulumizibwa mu 1935, ekyaddamu okufulumizibwa mu 1936 wansi w’omutwe "''Africa Answers Back".''<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> Olugero luno olukwata ku bulamu bw’omuntu (semi-autobiographical novel) luteekeddwa mu Buganda era nga lugoberera emboozi y’obulamu bwa Abala Stanley Mujungu: mutabani w’omutaka Omuganda alinnya ku ntebe.<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> Omuzannyi omukulu alwanagana n’endagamuntu ye mu bulamu bwe bwonna, ng’agezaako okutebenkeza empisa enzaalwa ezaasimbibwa bazadde be n’ebikosa [[Obukristaayo]] n’obuwangwa bw’amawanga g’obugwanjuba okuva mu baminsani b’omu kitundu.<ref name="Sugirtharajah-2005" /> Enkola z’okumanya eza Afirika n’Abazungu zikontana enfunda eziwera mu butakkaanya mu kitabo kyonna. Mu kifaananyi ekimu, omuzannyi omukulu, Mujungu, eyaakalondebwa okuba omukulu, asaba omusawo w’omu kitundu okujjanjaba omukono gw’omusajja eyamenyese oluvannyuma lw’okulaba omusawo Omuzungu ng’agusibye ne bandegi.<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> Omusawo Omugirimaani alaga okwewuunya, nga tasobola kutegeera nkola ndala ey’obujjanjabi nga takozesezza bandegi. Abasawo Abagirimaani n’Abangereza basaba okutuula mu bayige engeri omusawo w’omu kitundu gy’agenda okulongoosaamu, nga bakozesa obumanyirivu obwo ng’omukisa gw’okuyiga.<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> Ekifo kino kiraga ekyokulabirako ky’obutuufu bw’enkola z’okumanya ez’obusawo mu Afirika bw’ogeraageranya n’obusawo bw’amawanga g’obugwanjuba; omulamwa Nyabongo gw'aberezaamu mu lunyiriri lwonna.<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> === Enkolagana y'eddiini mu kya ''Africa Answers Back'' === Enkolagana y'eddiini (Religious syncretism), okuyingiza enkola z’eddiini bbiri ezitakwatagana (okugeza, emikolo) mu nkola emu ekwatagana, gwali mulamwa gwa maanyi ogweyolekera mu ''Africa yonna Answers Back'' mu kunnyonnyola okugatta enkola z’eddiini z’Ekikristaayo n’ez’Afirika mu Uganda. Endowooza eno elagibwa ku ntandikwa y’olugero ng’omukulu atuuma mutabani we erinnya, omuzannyi omukulu mu lunyiriri luno Abala Stanley Mujungu. "Abala" lyali linnya lya nnono mu Uganda, so nga Stanley lyasibuka ku mulangira okwagala ennyo omuminsani Omukristaayo ayitibwa Stanley.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|title=The Fissures of Fusion|publisher=Brill|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004489950_018|access-date=2023-03-17|last=Döring|first=Tobias|year=1996|editor-last=Stummer|editor-first=Peter O.|pages=139–152|doi=10.1163/9789004489950_018|isbn=9789004489950|chapter=Fusion of Cultures?|editor2-first=Christopher|editor2-last=Balme|url-access=subscription}}</ref> === Okwaniriza kw'ekitabo kye ekya ''Africa Answers Back'' === ''Africa Answers Back'' y’emu ku bitabo by’Olungereza ebyasooka ebirina endowooza y’Abafirica ku byali byogerwa abafuzi b’amatwale. Omuzannyo guno gutwalibwa nga "ekiwandiiko ekikulu eky'ebiwandiiko bya Afirika eby'oluvannyuma lw'amatwale "Postcolonial literature" " nga guvumirira endowooza z'obuwangwa n'amawanga mu kiseera ekyo ezaali zitambula mu masomo n'abantu.<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> Wadde atenderezebwa okuva mu nsi y’ebiwandiiko, Nyabongo asanga okunenya olw’olugero luno. Omukugu mu by’ebiwandiiko Martina Kopf awoza nti Nyabongo yakwata enkola efaananako n’ebitongole by’amatwale bye yavumirira. Essira yaliteeka ku by’obujjanjabi, ng’omusajja eyalumizibbwa teyayingizibwa mu mboozi ekwata ku bujjanjabi bwe. Wabula, omukulu yakwata enkola okuva waggulu okudda wansi, ng’akozesa okuteebereza n’okusosola okumanyisa okusalawo kwe ku lw’abantu b’oku kyalo kye, okufaananako n’okusalawo okw’ekimpatiira okw’ebitongole by’amatwale.<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> Ekirala, Nyabongo okukozesa ekigambo ‘savage’ mu lunyiriri lwonna kyaleka abamanyi nga Mahruba T. Mowtushi nga babuusabuusa amakulu amabi ag’abantu b’omu kitundu okwawukana ku bantu ‘abakulembeze’.<ref name="Mowtushi-2015" /> Omukenkufu Danson Sylvester Kahyana yawa okwekenneenya okujjuvu ku kitabo kino. Essira yaliteka ku by’obusawo n’agamba nti Akiki Nyabongo okulwanirira okuleeta eddagala ly’amawanga g’obugwanjuba kwalaga enzikiriza ye ey’enjawulo mu buwangwa bw’amawanga g’obugwanjuba obukosa obulungi embeera z’abantu mu Afirika. Naye, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo alwanyisa obufuzi bw’amatwale okusinga alaba ebyenjigiriza by’amawanga g’obugwanjuba ng’okusoomoozebwa eri okuwangaala kw’emisingi, empisa, n’enzikiriza z’Afirika ezikola okumala ebyasa bingi.<ref name="Kahyana-2016" /> === Pulojekiti ze endala === Nyabongo yafulumya ebitabo by’enfumo ebitonotono mu myaka gya 1930. Mu 1937, yafulumya ''Emboozi za Bisoro'' (1937), n’addirira ''Emboozi za Bisoro II'' (1939) <ref name="Matera-2010" /><ref name="Nyabongo-1939">{{Cite book |last=Nyabongo |first=Akiki H.K. |date=1939 |title=Winds and Lights: African Fairy Tales |publisher=New York: The Voice of Ethiopia}}</ref> ''Empewo n'amataala:'' ''Enfumo z'Afirika'' zafulumizibwa mu 1939.<ref name="Nyabongo-1939" /> Nyabongo era yafulumya ekiwandiiko ekitannaba kufulumizibwa, "''Yali the Savage"'', ekyagenderera okwanjula munnakatemba, omuyimbi era omulwanirizi w’eddembe Omumerika Paul Robeson. Ebbago lino kati likuumiddwa mu tterekero ly'ebitabo erya Queen's College erya "The Nyabongo Papers".<ref name="The Queen's College, Oxford" /> Pulojekiti y’omuwandiisi eyasembayo okumanyibwa eyafulumizibwa yali kitabo eky’olulimi [[Olutooro]], ''Oruhenda'', ekyannyonnyola obuwangwa bw’ekitundu ky’e Tooro, ennono, n’olulimi lw’olubiri olw’ekyama.<ref name="Monroe-2022" /> Ng’omukugu mu by’enkula y’abantu eyatendekebwa mu Oxford, Nyabongo lumu yanoonyereza ku ''Ebito'', olulimi lwa Uganda olw’edda olwesigama ku bimuli. Mu kunoonyereza kuno, teyafaayo ku ndagamuntu ye ng’omulwanirizi w’ebyobufuzi mu Afrika yonna kyokka ng’ategeeza kuteesa ku ntambula n’okukwatagana kwa Uganda ey’edda ng’ayita mu nkola z’obuwangwa ezikwatagana. Kyokka Nyabongo yalemererwa okumaliriza okunoonyereza kuno. Pulojekiti eno teyaliimu nsimbi. Ekisinga obukulu, Obwakabaka bwa Tooro bwamusaba addeyo mu Uganda ayambeko mu kuteesa okwefuga okuva ku Bungereza.<ref name="Monroe-2022" /> == Okufa kwe == Akiki Nyabongo yafiira mu ddwaliro e Jinja mu Uganda omwezi nga 2O gwekkumi, 1975, ku myaka 65. Yaleka mukyala we Ada Naomi Nyabongo ne mutabani we Amoti Nyabongo. == Ebitabo bye ebyalondebwa == * ''Emboozi y’Omulangira w’Afirika'' (1935), n’eddamu okufulumizibwa n’etuumibwa erinnya ''lya Africa Answers Back'' (1936);<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> * ''Bisoro I'' (1937); * ''Bisoro II'' (1939);. * ''Empewo n’amataala: Enfumo z’Afirika'' (1939). == Ebikozesebwa mu kutereka ebyafaayo == "Empapula za Nyabongo" tterekero lya Queen's College eririmu emisomo gya Akiki Nyabongo, okuwandiika ebbago, ebitabo ebifulumiziddwa, n'ebifaananyi ebimukwatako. Ettendekero lino lyalonda ebimu ku bikung’aanyiziddwa mu mwoleso omutono mu Gwekkumi wa 2021 okujjukira omwezi gw’ebyafaayo by’abaddugavu.<ref name="The Queen's College, Oxford" /> == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} <references /> == Ebisingawo okusoma == * {{Cite book |last=Nyabongo |first=Akiki H.K. |date=1936 |title=Africa Answers Back |publisher=Routledge & Sons |location=London}} * {{Cite book |last=Nyabongo |first=Akiki H.K. |date=1939 |title=Winds and Lights: African Fairy Tales |publisher=The Voice of Ethiopia |location=New York}} fz49anshxunhrlreeez3gkwakgfl9ti 58536 58535 2026-07-03T14:08:59Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 added a category 58536 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Akiki Hosea Kanyarusoke Nyabongo''' ( c. 1907 – Ogwekkumi 2, 1975) yali munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era omuwandiisi w’ebitabo.<ref name="The New York Times-1975">{{Cite news|date=1975-10-17|title=Akiki Nyabongo, 65, Dies; Writer and Uganda Prince|language=en-US|page=38|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/10/17/archives/akiki-nyabongo-65-dies-writer-and-uganda-prince.html|access-date=2023-03-17|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Yazaalibwa omulangira w’Obukama bwa [[Tooro]] mu Bugwanjuba bwa Uganda era yasomera mu yunivasite mu Amerika ne Bungereza.<ref name="The New York Times-1975" /> Omukugu mu by’enkula y’abantu eyatendekebwa mu Oxford, Nyabongo yalina ebifo by’obusomesa mu Amerika era n’agenda mu maaso n’okunoonyereza ku by’enkula y’abantu.<ref name="Matera-2010">{{Cite journal |last=Matera |first=Marc |date=2010 |title=Colonial Subjects: Black Intellectuals and the Development of Colonial Studies in Britain |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23265207 |journal=Journal of British Studies |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=388–418 |doi=10.1086/649838 |issn=0021-9371 |jstor=23265207 |s2cid=143861344 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Oluvannyuma yakomawo e Uganda, n'ayambako mu kwefuga kwayo okuva ku Bungereza era n'abeerawo okutuusa lwe yafa.<ref name="Monroe-2022">{{Cite journal |last=Monroe |first=Caitlin C. |date=2022-08-01 |title=Searching for Nyabongo |url=https://read.dukeupress.edu/cssaame/article/42/2/389/317247/Searching-for-NyabongoAn-Unconventional-Ugandan |journal=Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East |language=en |volume=42 |issue=2 |pages=389–403 |doi=10.1215/1089201X-9987879 |issn=1089-201X |s2cid=252245781 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Akiki Nyabongo yakolagana n’abalwanirizi b’eddembe ab’enjawulo mu Afrika yonna "pan-African" (nga mw’otwalidde ne [[WEB Du Bois|W.E.B Du Bois]] ne George Padmore ) era n’awagira mu lwatu okuva kwa africa u bufuzi bw'amatwale (African decolonization) n’okukulaakulana mu biwandiiko bye. Ekitabo kye ekyasinga okumanyika ye ''Africa Answers Back'' (1936), ekimu ku bitabo eby’olulimi Olungereza ebyasooka okuwandiikibwa omuwandiisi Munnayuganda.<ref name="Kopf-2019">{{Cite journal |last=Kopf |first=Martina |date=2019 |title=Encountering development in East African fiction |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0021989417707801 |journal=The Journal of Commonwealth Literature |language=en |volume=54 |issue=3 |pages=338 |doi=10.1177/0021989417707801 |issn=0021-9894 |s2cid=157910109 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Omuzannyo guno gwalaba ensonga y’ebyobufuzi n’obuwangwa ekwatagana mu Afrika ey’amatwale (colonial Africa) ng’akabonero k’okukkiriza kwe mu bumu bwa Afirika. Nyabongo yakiikirira okwagala kw'abantu ba bugwanjuba bwa Uganda ( [[Tooro]] ) olw'eddembe ly'ebyobufuzi n'okuwuliza amaloboozi gaabwe mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Kahyana-2016">{{Cite journal |last=Kahyana |first=Danson Sylvester |date=2016-12-31 |title=Depiction of African Indigenous Education in Akiki Nyabongo's Africa Answers Back (1936) |url=https://journals.ukzn.ac.za/index.php/soa/article/view/1363 |journal=Alternation Journal |language=en-US |issue=18 |pages=241–243 |issn=2519-5476}}</ref> == Obuto n’okusoma kwe == [[File:Flag_of_the_Tooro_Kingdom.svg|thumb|Bendera y'Obukama bw'e Tooro]] [[File:Kingdom_of_Toro_(map_of_the_original_kingdom).png|thumb|Maapu y'Obwakabaka bwa Tooro mu Uganda]] Akiki Nyabongo yali mutabani w’omugenzi [[Kyembambe III]], [[Omukama]] ow’Obwakabaka bwa Tooro mu bugwanjuba bwa Uganda. Yazaalibwa mu kibuga Fort Portal e Uganda mu 1907.<ref name="Kahyana-2016" /> Omulangira ono omuto yamaliriza siniya mu King's College e Budo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa. Amasomo g'awaggulu yagasomera ku [[Howard University]] (gye yaggya Diguli Esooka) ne [[Yale]] . Yasomera mu [[Harvard University]] okufuna diguli ye eyookubiri n'eyookusatu oba PhD mu by'obutonde mu [[Queen's College]], ku ttendekkero lya The University of Oxford.<ref name="Matera-2010" /> Mu 1937, ekitongole kya Rhodes Trust kyatandika okuwagira emisomo gye olw’okusoma kwe okwali okulungi eyo.<ref name="Monroe-2022" /> Nyabongo yatikkirwa mu 1939 mu Oxford n'ebbaluwa eyitibwa "''The Religious Practices and Beliefs of Ugandans"'' . Okunoonyereza kuno kwekenneenya mu bujjuvu [[eddiini mu Uganda]], enzikiriza, n’obuwangwa. Kyatenderezebwa ng’ekyokulabirako ky'Okunoonyereza n'okumanya embeera z'obuwangwa (autoetnography) nga kirimu omuwendo gw’eby’ensoma ogutenkanika bulungi.<ref name="The Queen's College, Oxford">{{Cite web |title=Africa Answers Back (exhibition) |url=https://www.queens.ox.ac.uk/exhibitions/africa-answers-back/ |access-date=2023-03-17 |website=The Queen's College, Oxford |language=en-US}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Oluvannyuma lw’okumaliriza diguli ye ey’okusatu (doctorate), okwawukana ku gavumenti y’amatwale ga Bungereza (British colonial government) eyali eyagala okumukomyaawo e Uganda, yasenguka n’abeera mu Brooklyn, ekibuga kya New York, mu 1940. Mu myaka gya 1940, yali pulofeesa mu [[Yunivasite y’e Alabama]] n’oluvannyuma mu [[North Carolina A&T University]] .<ref name="Matera-2010" /> Mu 1957, yakomawo mu Uganda okuyambako mu kuteesa okwefuga okuva ku Bungereza.<ref name="Monroe-2022" /> Mu 1959, Nyabongo yadduka mu Uganda olw'ebyokwerinda. Yatandika okukola nga pulofeesa w’Essomo ly'entabaganya (sociology) n’obuwangwa (culture) mu [[yunivasite y’e Leiden]] e Hague mu Budaaki (Netherlands). Nga 1962 tannatuuka, yakolera ku kakiiko ka ssemateeka akalondoola obwetwaze bwa Uganda. Oluvannyuma Nyabongo yeesimbawo ku bwa nnamunigina ku kifo kya palamenti mu bukiikaddyo bwa Tooro, ekitundu ekiriraanye ekibuga kye Fort Portal n’awangulwa. Nyabongo emirimu gye gyonna yagimala mu Uganda, nga ssentebe w’akakiiko ka gavumenti ya Uganda akategeka ebibuga n’ensi okutuusa lwe yafa mu 1975.<ref name="Monroe-2022" /> == Okulwanirira ebyobufuzi == === Okukwatagana kwe n’abalwanirizi b’eddembe === [[File:Flag_of_the_UNIA.svg|thumb|"Bendera y'obumu mu mawanga ga Africa" eyatondebwawo ekibiina ekigatta abaddugavu ekya Universal Negro Improvement Association ne African Communities League]] Nyabongo yabeeranga mu bulamu obw’ensi yonna (global life). Yakolagana n’[[abalwanirizi b’eddembe ly’obuntu]] abamanyiddwa era n’agabana emirimu gye yawandiika mu Uganda, America, n'Obugwanjuba bwa Bulaaya. Yabeeranga era n’akolagana ne George Padmore era n’akolagana ne W.E.B Du Bois ku pulojekiti ya "latter's abortive project, ''Encyclopedia of the Negro''". Nyabongo yasomooza obufuzi bw’amatwale era n’ayongera emboozi ezikwata ku nkola y’ensi yonna (Internationalism) ey’Abaddugavu ng’ayita mu bitabo bino, enkolagana, n’ebbaluwa. Nyabongo era yayanjula omulwanirizi w’eddembe ly’obuntu Eslanda Goode Robeson mu Uganda mu lugendo lwe ku lukalu lwa Africa mu 1936.<ref name="Matera-2010" /> Mu 1936, bwe yali amaliriza ebbaluwa ku mpisa z’eddiini za Uganda mu [[Queen’s College, Oxford]], era nga wayise omwaka gumu ng’afulumya ekitabo kye ekyasooka "''The Story of an African Chief'' (re-titled ''Africa answers back'' )", Nyabongo yaweereza ebbaluwa eri [[Rabindranath Tagore]] (1861–1941), omuyimbi Omubengali. Ebbaluwa eno yasaba okuvvuunulwa kw’ekitontome ekirimu empisa Tagore kye yayiiya ku Afirika okubunyisa ekiwandiiko ekyo eri Abafirika bonna. Ekitontome kino kyawakanya Benito Mussolini [[okulumba Ethiopia]] (mu kiseera ekyo [[Abyssinia]] ) era ne kivumirira effujjo eryategekebwa amagye ga Bwakabaka bwa Bulaaya ku ssemazinga wa Afirika. Mu kwanukula Tagore Nyabongo, yagondera okusaba kwa Nyabongo. Olw'ebbaluwa eno, amawulire g'e Bungereza aga ''The Spectator'' gaafulumya "To Africa," enkyusa y'Olungereza ey'ekitontome ekyasooka ekyavvuunulwa Tagore nga May 7, 1937.<ref name="Mowtushi-2015" /> === Okwetaba mu byobufuzi === Mu 1945, Akiki Nyabongo yawa omulimu mu Ttabamiruka w’Abafuzi b’amatwale Du Bois ne NAACP gwe baayita mu New York mu Gwokuna 6 ku ttabi lya 135th Street mu tterekero ly’ebitabo erya New York Public Library. Yali mmemba ku kakiiko akasalawo era yayambako okulaga ensonga nnya ezaali ziwagira okulwanyisa obufuzi bw’amatwale (Decolonization) n’enkulaakulana y’amawanga ga Afrika. Ensonga zino zaasindikibwa mu mawulire ag’enjawulo era okukkakkana nga zayanjuddwa mu lukungaana lw’e San Francisco.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sherwood |first=Marika |date=1996 |title="There Is No New Deal for the Blackman in San Francisco": African Attempts to Influence the Founding Conference of the United Nations, April–July, 1945 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/221419 |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=71–94 |doi=10.2307/221419 |issn=0361-7882 |jstor=221419 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Akiki Nyabongo yali mmemba wa maanyi era nga yayamba nnyo mu kibiina ky’abayizi ekya Universal Ethiopian Student’s Association (UESA), ekyatandikibwawo abamanyi abalwanirizi b’eddembe okuva mu Amerika, Caribbeans, ne Africa, mu Harlem, New York, mu 1927. <ref name="Anthony-2014">{{Cite thesis|last=Anthony|first=TaKeia N.|title=Mobilizing Diaspora: The Universal Ethiopian Students' Association, 1927–1948|date=2014|publisher=Howard University|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/1620907442|language=en|access-date=2023-03-17|id={{ProQuest|1620907442}}}}<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref> Mu January 1947, Nyabongo yaweereza ng’omuwandiisi omukulu mu kitabo ekikulu ekya UESA: ''The African: The Journal of African Affairs'' . Obuwandiisi bwe bwali kabonero k’abagezigezi Abaddugavu bonna okufaayo ku mbeera y’ebyobufuzi eyali efuuse ey’okusika omuguwa mu Afrika. Nyabongo yayambako mu kusengulwa kuno bwe yalagira ekitabo kino okussa essira ku byobufuzi bya Afrika. Ekirala, bwe yawandiika okwekenneenya ebitabo ku sikaala z’abavubuka aba Africa abamanyiddwa ennyo ezasemba UESA, nga WEB Du Bois’s ''Black Folk Then and Now'', Nyabongo yagezaako okulwanirira obumu mu bantu b’Abaddugavu bonna. Agenda zombi zaddamu omulanga gw’ekitabo kino ogw’okusumululwa, okuggwaawo kw’obufuzi bwa mawanga, okufuula Abafirika abali mu nsi endala abantu, n’okukulaakulanya amawanga ga Afrika.<ref name="Anthony-2014" /> === Endowooza ye ku byobufuzi === Akiki Nyabongo yalwanirira obumu bw’amawanga n’amadiini. Nyabongo era yali akwatagana n'abakiise mu kibiina kya African Association era n'awagira olulimi olumu wonna, olw'ekuusa ku bwasseruganda, nga tewali "kika kilwanyisa bika" oba "ebiwayi ebiwakanya ebiwayi".<ref name="Sanders-2019">{{Cite journal |last=Sanders |first=Ethan R. |date=2019 |title=James Aggrey and the African Nation: Pan-Africanism, Public Memory, and Political Imagination in Colonial East Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/45281486 |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=52 |issue=3 |pages=399–424 |issn=0361-7882 |jstor=45281486}}</ref> Endowooza eno yakwata butereevu ku mawanga mangi ag’obuvanjuba bwa Afrika nga galina amawanga mangi, omuli ekitongole kya Bungereza ekya Uganda Protectorate n’Obwakabaka bwa Tooro. Ng’aluŋŋamizibwa Dr. [[James Aggrey]] n’enjigiriza ye ku ndaba ye ey'ebintu ku bumu n’okuzingiramu ssemazinga wa Africa yenna, Akiki Nyabongo yayongera okuggumiza nti tewalina kubaawo kuyomba kwa ddiini mu Bannafirika era n’enzikiriza y’eddiini y’omuntu erina okussibwamu ekitiibwa. Yasindiikiriza okuyingiza eddiini mu nteekateeka ze ez’ebyobufuzi. Ku Nyabongo, okuyingiza eddiini mu bantu bonna yali ngeri nkulu nnyo ey’okutumbula obulamu obulungi obw’awamu obwa ssemazinga yenna. Enjawulo eyasangulwa wakati w’embeera z’abantu yaleetawo enjawulo y’Afirika ey’okugabana, nga ewagira okuzuukuka kw’ebyobufuzi mu Afrika yonna.<ref name="Sanders-2019" /> == Ebiwandiiko n’okunoonyereza kwe == Akiki Nyabongo yali muwandiisi era omuwandiisi omujjumbize. Y’omu ku bawandiisi mu Uganda abaasooka okufulumya ekitabo ky’Olungereza,<ref name="Monroe-2022" /> era ye yali omuwandiisi omukulu mu lupapula lwa ''The African'' Magazine ''.''<ref name="Sugirtharajah-2005">{{Cite book |last=Sugirtharajah |first=R.S. |year=2005 |title=The Bible and Empire: Postcolonial Explorations |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9780511614552/type/book |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-53191-7 |edition=1 |doi=10.1017/cbo9780511614552.006}}</ref> Omulimu gwe ogusinga okumanyika gwe kitabo "''Story of an African Chief"'', ekyafulumizibwa mu 1935, ekyaddamu okufulumizibwa mu 1936 wansi w’omutwe "''Africa Answers Back".''<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> Olugero luno olukwata ku bulamu bw’omuntu (semi-autobiographical novel) luteekeddwa mu Buganda era nga lugoberera emboozi y’obulamu bwa Abala Stanley Mujungu: mutabani w’omutaka Omuganda alinnya ku ntebe.<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> Omuzannyi omukulu alwanagana n’endagamuntu ye mu bulamu bwe bwonna, ng’agezaako okutebenkeza empisa enzaalwa ezaasimbibwa bazadde be n’ebikosa [[Obukristaayo]] n’obuwangwa bw’amawanga g’obugwanjuba okuva mu baminsani b’omu kitundu.<ref name="Sugirtharajah-2005" /> Enkola z’okumanya eza Afirika n’Abazungu zikontana enfunda eziwera mu butakkaanya mu kitabo kyonna. Mu kifaananyi ekimu, omuzannyi omukulu, Mujungu, eyaakalondebwa okuba omukulu, asaba omusawo w’omu kitundu okujjanjaba omukono gw’omusajja eyamenyese oluvannyuma lw’okulaba omusawo Omuzungu ng’agusibye ne bandegi.<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> Omusawo Omugirimaani alaga okwewuunya, nga tasobola kutegeera nkola ndala ey’obujjanjabi nga takozesezza bandegi. Abasawo Abagirimaani n’Abangereza basaba okutuula mu bayige engeri omusawo w’omu kitundu gy’agenda okulongoosaamu, nga bakozesa obumanyirivu obwo ng’omukisa gw’okuyiga.<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> Ekifo kino kiraga ekyokulabirako ky’obutuufu bw’enkola z’okumanya ez’obusawo mu Afirika bw’ogeraageranya n’obusawo bw’amawanga g’obugwanjuba; omulamwa Nyabongo gw'aberezaamu mu lunyiriri lwonna.<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> === Enkolagana y'eddiini mu kya ''Africa Answers Back'' === Enkolagana y'eddiini (Religious syncretism), okuyingiza enkola z’eddiini bbiri ezitakwatagana (okugeza, emikolo) mu nkola emu ekwatagana, gwali mulamwa gwa maanyi ogweyolekera mu ''Africa yonna Answers Back'' mu kunnyonnyola okugatta enkola z’eddiini z’Ekikristaayo n’ez’Afirika mu Uganda. Endowooza eno elagibwa ku ntandikwa y’olugero ng’omukulu atuuma mutabani we erinnya, omuzannyi omukulu mu lunyiriri luno Abala Stanley Mujungu. "Abala" lyali linnya lya nnono mu Uganda, so nga Stanley lyasibuka ku mulangira okwagala ennyo omuminsani Omukristaayo ayitibwa Stanley.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|title=The Fissures of Fusion|publisher=Brill|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004489950_018|access-date=2023-03-17|last=Döring|first=Tobias|year=1996|editor-last=Stummer|editor-first=Peter O.|pages=139–152|doi=10.1163/9789004489950_018|isbn=9789004489950|chapter=Fusion of Cultures?|editor2-first=Christopher|editor2-last=Balme|url-access=subscription}}</ref> === Okwaniriza kw'ekitabo kye ekya ''Africa Answers Back'' === ''Africa Answers Back'' y’emu ku bitabo by’Olungereza ebyasooka ebirina endowooza y’Abafirica ku byali byogerwa abafuzi b’amatwale. Omuzannyo guno gutwalibwa nga "ekiwandiiko ekikulu eky'ebiwandiiko bya Afirika eby'oluvannyuma lw'amatwale "Postcolonial literature" " nga guvumirira endowooza z'obuwangwa n'amawanga mu kiseera ekyo ezaali zitambula mu masomo n'abantu.<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> Wadde atenderezebwa okuva mu nsi y’ebiwandiiko, Nyabongo asanga okunenya olw’olugero luno. Omukugu mu by’ebiwandiiko Martina Kopf awoza nti Nyabongo yakwata enkola efaananako n’ebitongole by’amatwale bye yavumirira. Essira yaliteeka ku by’obujjanjabi, ng’omusajja eyalumizibbwa teyayingizibwa mu mboozi ekwata ku bujjanjabi bwe. Wabula, omukulu yakwata enkola okuva waggulu okudda wansi, ng’akozesa okuteebereza n’okusosola okumanyisa okusalawo kwe ku lw’abantu b’oku kyalo kye, okufaananako n’okusalawo okw’ekimpatiira okw’ebitongole by’amatwale.<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> Ekirala, Nyabongo okukozesa ekigambo ‘savage’ mu lunyiriri lwonna kyaleka abamanyi nga Mahruba T. Mowtushi nga babuusabuusa amakulu amabi ag’abantu b’omu kitundu okwawukana ku bantu ‘abakulembeze’.<ref name="Mowtushi-2015" /> Omukenkufu Danson Sylvester Kahyana yawa okwekenneenya okujjuvu ku kitabo kino. Essira yaliteka ku by’obusawo n’agamba nti Akiki Nyabongo okulwanirira okuleeta eddagala ly’amawanga g’obugwanjuba kwalaga enzikiriza ye ey’enjawulo mu buwangwa bw’amawanga g’obugwanjuba obukosa obulungi embeera z’abantu mu Afirika. Naye, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo alwanyisa obufuzi bw’amatwale okusinga alaba ebyenjigiriza by’amawanga g’obugwanjuba ng’okusoomoozebwa eri okuwangaala kw’emisingi, empisa, n’enzikiriza z’Afirika ezikola okumala ebyasa bingi.<ref name="Kahyana-2016" /> === Pulojekiti ze endala === Nyabongo yafulumya ebitabo by’enfumo ebitonotono mu myaka gya 1930. Mu 1937, yafulumya ''Emboozi za Bisoro'' (1937), n’addirira ''Emboozi za Bisoro II'' (1939) <ref name="Matera-2010" /><ref name="Nyabongo-1939">{{Cite book |last=Nyabongo |first=Akiki H.K. |date=1939 |title=Winds and Lights: African Fairy Tales |publisher=New York: The Voice of Ethiopia}}</ref> ''Empewo n'amataala:'' ''Enfumo z'Afirika'' zafulumizibwa mu 1939.<ref name="Nyabongo-1939" /> Nyabongo era yafulumya ekiwandiiko ekitannaba kufulumizibwa, "''Yali the Savage"'', ekyagenderera okwanjula munnakatemba, omuyimbi era omulwanirizi w’eddembe Omumerika Paul Robeson. Ebbago lino kati likuumiddwa mu tterekero ly'ebitabo erya Queen's College erya "The Nyabongo Papers".<ref name="The Queen's College, Oxford" /> Pulojekiti y’omuwandiisi eyasembayo okumanyibwa eyafulumizibwa yali kitabo eky’olulimi [[Olutooro]], ''Oruhenda'', ekyannyonnyola obuwangwa bw’ekitundu ky’e Tooro, ennono, n’olulimi lw’olubiri olw’ekyama.<ref name="Monroe-2022" /> Ng’omukugu mu by’enkula y’abantu eyatendekebwa mu Oxford, Nyabongo lumu yanoonyereza ku ''Ebito'', olulimi lwa Uganda olw’edda olwesigama ku bimuli. Mu kunoonyereza kuno, teyafaayo ku ndagamuntu ye ng’omulwanirizi w’ebyobufuzi mu Afrika yonna kyokka ng’ategeeza kuteesa ku ntambula n’okukwatagana kwa Uganda ey’edda ng’ayita mu nkola z’obuwangwa ezikwatagana. Kyokka Nyabongo yalemererwa okumaliriza okunoonyereza kuno. Pulojekiti eno teyaliimu nsimbi. Ekisinga obukulu, Obwakabaka bwa Tooro bwamusaba addeyo mu Uganda ayambeko mu kuteesa okwefuga okuva ku Bungereza.<ref name="Monroe-2022" /> == Okufa kwe == Akiki Nyabongo yafiira mu ddwaliro e Jinja mu Uganda omwezi nga 2O gwekkumi, 1975, ku myaka 65. Yaleka mukyala we Ada Naomi Nyabongo ne mutabani we Amoti Nyabongo. == Ebitabo bye ebyalondebwa == * ''Emboozi y’Omulangira w’Afirika'' (1935), n’eddamu okufulumizibwa n’etuumibwa erinnya ''lya Africa Answers Back'' (1936);<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> * ''Bisoro I'' (1937); * ''Bisoro II'' (1939);. * ''Empewo n’amataala: Enfumo z’Afirika'' (1939). == Ebikozesebwa mu kutereka ebyafaayo == "Empapula za Nyabongo" tterekero lya Queen's College eririmu emisomo gya Akiki Nyabongo, okuwandiika ebbago, ebitabo ebifulumiziddwa, n'ebifaananyi ebimukwatako. Ettendekero lino lyalonda ebimu ku bikung’aanyiziddwa mu mwoleso omutono mu Gwekkumi wa 2021 okujjukira omwezi gw’ebyafaayo by’abaddugavu.<ref name="The Queen's College, Oxford" /> == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} <references /> == Ebisingawo okusoma == * {{Cite book |last=Nyabongo |first=Akiki H.K. |date=1936 |title=Africa Answers Back |publisher=Routledge & Sons |location=London}} * {{Cite book |last=Nyabongo |first=Akiki H.K. |date=1939 |title=Winds and Lights: African Fairy Tales |publisher=The Voice of Ethiopia |location=New York}} [[Category:Bannayuganda abalwanirizi b'eddembe]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abawandiisi]] lcci2ub3w8raj7926or66i6qye66awz 58538 58536 2026-07-03T14:11:22Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 added a category 58538 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Akiki Hosea Kanyarusoke Nyabongo''' ( c. 1907 – Ogwekkumi 2, 1975) yali munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era omuwandiisi w’ebitabo.<ref name="The New York Times-1975">{{Cite news|date=1975-10-17|title=Akiki Nyabongo, 65, Dies; Writer and Uganda Prince|language=en-US|page=38|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/10/17/archives/akiki-nyabongo-65-dies-writer-and-uganda-prince.html|access-date=2023-03-17|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Yazaalibwa omulangira w’Obukama bwa [[Tooro]] mu Bugwanjuba bwa Uganda era yasomera mu yunivasite mu Amerika ne Bungereza.<ref name="The New York Times-1975" /> Omukugu mu by’enkula y’abantu eyatendekebwa mu Oxford, Nyabongo yalina ebifo by’obusomesa mu Amerika era n’agenda mu maaso n’okunoonyereza ku by’enkula y’abantu.<ref name="Matera-2010">{{Cite journal |last=Matera |first=Marc |date=2010 |title=Colonial Subjects: Black Intellectuals and the Development of Colonial Studies in Britain |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23265207 |journal=Journal of British Studies |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=388–418 |doi=10.1086/649838 |issn=0021-9371 |jstor=23265207 |s2cid=143861344 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Oluvannyuma yakomawo e Uganda, n'ayambako mu kwefuga kwayo okuva ku Bungereza era n'abeerawo okutuusa lwe yafa.<ref name="Monroe-2022">{{Cite journal |last=Monroe |first=Caitlin C. |date=2022-08-01 |title=Searching for Nyabongo |url=https://read.dukeupress.edu/cssaame/article/42/2/389/317247/Searching-for-NyabongoAn-Unconventional-Ugandan |journal=Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East |language=en |volume=42 |issue=2 |pages=389–403 |doi=10.1215/1089201X-9987879 |issn=1089-201X |s2cid=252245781 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Akiki Nyabongo yakolagana n’abalwanirizi b’eddembe ab’enjawulo mu Afrika yonna "pan-African" (nga mw’otwalidde ne [[WEB Du Bois|W.E.B Du Bois]] ne George Padmore ) era n’awagira mu lwatu okuva kwa africa u bufuzi bw'amatwale (African decolonization) n’okukulaakulana mu biwandiiko bye. Ekitabo kye ekyasinga okumanyika ye ''Africa Answers Back'' (1936), ekimu ku bitabo eby’olulimi Olungereza ebyasooka okuwandiikibwa omuwandiisi Munnayuganda.<ref name="Kopf-2019">{{Cite journal |last=Kopf |first=Martina |date=2019 |title=Encountering development in East African fiction |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0021989417707801 |journal=The Journal of Commonwealth Literature |language=en |volume=54 |issue=3 |pages=338 |doi=10.1177/0021989417707801 |issn=0021-9894 |s2cid=157910109 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Omuzannyo guno gwalaba ensonga y’ebyobufuzi n’obuwangwa ekwatagana mu Afrika ey’amatwale (colonial Africa) ng’akabonero k’okukkiriza kwe mu bumu bwa Afirika. Nyabongo yakiikirira okwagala kw'abantu ba bugwanjuba bwa Uganda ( [[Tooro]] ) olw'eddembe ly'ebyobufuzi n'okuwuliza amaloboozi gaabwe mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Kahyana-2016">{{Cite journal |last=Kahyana |first=Danson Sylvester |date=2016-12-31 |title=Depiction of African Indigenous Education in Akiki Nyabongo's Africa Answers Back (1936) |url=https://journals.ukzn.ac.za/index.php/soa/article/view/1363 |journal=Alternation Journal |language=en-US |issue=18 |pages=241–243 |issn=2519-5476}}</ref> == Obuto n’okusoma kwe == [[File:Flag_of_the_Tooro_Kingdom.svg|thumb|Bendera y'Obukama bw'e Tooro]] [[File:Kingdom_of_Toro_(map_of_the_original_kingdom).png|thumb|Maapu y'Obwakabaka bwa Tooro mu Uganda]] Akiki Nyabongo yali mutabani w’omugenzi [[Kyembambe III]], [[Omukama]] ow’Obwakabaka bwa Tooro mu bugwanjuba bwa Uganda. Yazaalibwa mu kibuga Fort Portal e Uganda mu 1907.<ref name="Kahyana-2016" /> Omulangira ono omuto yamaliriza siniya mu King's College e Budo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa. Amasomo g'awaggulu yagasomera ku [[Howard University]] (gye yaggya Diguli Esooka) ne [[Yale]] . Yasomera mu [[Harvard University]] okufuna diguli ye eyookubiri n'eyookusatu oba PhD mu by'obutonde mu [[Queen's College]], ku ttendekkero lya The University of Oxford.<ref name="Matera-2010" /> Mu 1937, ekitongole kya Rhodes Trust kyatandika okuwagira emisomo gye olw’okusoma kwe okwali okulungi eyo.<ref name="Monroe-2022" /> Nyabongo yatikkirwa mu 1939 mu Oxford n'ebbaluwa eyitibwa "''The Religious Practices and Beliefs of Ugandans"'' . Okunoonyereza kuno kwekenneenya mu bujjuvu [[eddiini mu Uganda]], enzikiriza, n’obuwangwa. Kyatenderezebwa ng’ekyokulabirako ky'Okunoonyereza n'okumanya embeera z'obuwangwa (autoetnography) nga kirimu omuwendo gw’eby’ensoma ogutenkanika bulungi.<ref name="The Queen's College, Oxford">{{Cite web |title=Africa Answers Back (exhibition) |url=https://www.queens.ox.ac.uk/exhibitions/africa-answers-back/ |access-date=2023-03-17 |website=The Queen's College, Oxford |language=en-US}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Oluvannyuma lw’okumaliriza diguli ye ey’okusatu (doctorate), okwawukana ku gavumenti y’amatwale ga Bungereza (British colonial government) eyali eyagala okumukomyaawo e Uganda, yasenguka n’abeera mu Brooklyn, ekibuga kya New York, mu 1940. Mu myaka gya 1940, yali pulofeesa mu [[Yunivasite y’e Alabama]] n’oluvannyuma mu [[North Carolina A&T University]] .<ref name="Matera-2010" /> Mu 1957, yakomawo mu Uganda okuyambako mu kuteesa okwefuga okuva ku Bungereza.<ref name="Monroe-2022" /> Mu 1959, Nyabongo yadduka mu Uganda olw'ebyokwerinda. Yatandika okukola nga pulofeesa w’Essomo ly'entabaganya (sociology) n’obuwangwa (culture) mu [[yunivasite y’e Leiden]] e Hague mu Budaaki (Netherlands). Nga 1962 tannatuuka, yakolera ku kakiiko ka ssemateeka akalondoola obwetwaze bwa Uganda. Oluvannyuma Nyabongo yeesimbawo ku bwa nnamunigina ku kifo kya palamenti mu bukiikaddyo bwa Tooro, ekitundu ekiriraanye ekibuga kye Fort Portal n’awangulwa. Nyabongo emirimu gye gyonna yagimala mu Uganda, nga ssentebe w’akakiiko ka gavumenti ya Uganda akategeka ebibuga n’ensi okutuusa lwe yafa mu 1975.<ref name="Monroe-2022" /> == Okulwanirira ebyobufuzi == === Okukwatagana kwe n’abalwanirizi b’eddembe === [[File:Flag_of_the_UNIA.svg|thumb|"Bendera y'obumu mu mawanga ga Africa" eyatondebwawo ekibiina ekigatta abaddugavu ekya Universal Negro Improvement Association ne African Communities League]] Nyabongo yabeeranga mu bulamu obw’ensi yonna (global life). Yakolagana n’[[abalwanirizi b’eddembe ly’obuntu]] abamanyiddwa era n’agabana emirimu gye yawandiika mu Uganda, America, n'Obugwanjuba bwa Bulaaya. Yabeeranga era n’akolagana ne George Padmore era n’akolagana ne W.E.B Du Bois ku pulojekiti ya "latter's abortive project, ''Encyclopedia of the Negro''". Nyabongo yasomooza obufuzi bw’amatwale era n’ayongera emboozi ezikwata ku nkola y’ensi yonna (Internationalism) ey’Abaddugavu ng’ayita mu bitabo bino, enkolagana, n’ebbaluwa. Nyabongo era yayanjula omulwanirizi w’eddembe ly’obuntu Eslanda Goode Robeson mu Uganda mu lugendo lwe ku lukalu lwa Africa mu 1936.<ref name="Matera-2010" /> Mu 1936, bwe yali amaliriza ebbaluwa ku mpisa z’eddiini za Uganda mu [[Queen’s College, Oxford]], era nga wayise omwaka gumu ng’afulumya ekitabo kye ekyasooka "''The Story of an African Chief'' (re-titled ''Africa answers back'' )", Nyabongo yaweereza ebbaluwa eri [[Rabindranath Tagore]] (1861–1941), omuyimbi Omubengali. Ebbaluwa eno yasaba okuvvuunulwa kw’ekitontome ekirimu empisa Tagore kye yayiiya ku Afirika okubunyisa ekiwandiiko ekyo eri Abafirika bonna. Ekitontome kino kyawakanya Benito Mussolini [[okulumba Ethiopia]] (mu kiseera ekyo [[Abyssinia]] ) era ne kivumirira effujjo eryategekebwa amagye ga Bwakabaka bwa Bulaaya ku ssemazinga wa Afirika. Mu kwanukula Tagore Nyabongo, yagondera okusaba kwa Nyabongo. Olw'ebbaluwa eno, amawulire g'e Bungereza aga ''The Spectator'' gaafulumya "To Africa," enkyusa y'Olungereza ey'ekitontome ekyasooka ekyavvuunulwa Tagore nga May 7, 1937.<ref name="Mowtushi-2015" /> === Okwetaba mu byobufuzi === Mu 1945, Akiki Nyabongo yawa omulimu mu Ttabamiruka w’Abafuzi b’amatwale Du Bois ne NAACP gwe baayita mu New York mu Gwokuna 6 ku ttabi lya 135th Street mu tterekero ly’ebitabo erya New York Public Library. Yali mmemba ku kakiiko akasalawo era yayambako okulaga ensonga nnya ezaali ziwagira okulwanyisa obufuzi bw’amatwale (Decolonization) n’enkulaakulana y’amawanga ga Afrika. Ensonga zino zaasindikibwa mu mawulire ag’enjawulo era okukkakkana nga zayanjuddwa mu lukungaana lw’e San Francisco.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sherwood |first=Marika |date=1996 |title="There Is No New Deal for the Blackman in San Francisco": African Attempts to Influence the Founding Conference of the United Nations, April–July, 1945 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/221419 |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=71–94 |doi=10.2307/221419 |issn=0361-7882 |jstor=221419 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Akiki Nyabongo yali mmemba wa maanyi era nga yayamba nnyo mu kibiina ky’abayizi ekya Universal Ethiopian Student’s Association (UESA), ekyatandikibwawo abamanyi abalwanirizi b’eddembe okuva mu Amerika, Caribbeans, ne Africa, mu Harlem, New York, mu 1927. <ref name="Anthony-2014">{{Cite thesis|last=Anthony|first=TaKeia N.|title=Mobilizing Diaspora: The Universal Ethiopian Students' Association, 1927–1948|date=2014|publisher=Howard University|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/1620907442|language=en|access-date=2023-03-17|id={{ProQuest|1620907442}}}}<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref> Mu January 1947, Nyabongo yaweereza ng’omuwandiisi omukulu mu kitabo ekikulu ekya UESA: ''The African: The Journal of African Affairs'' . Obuwandiisi bwe bwali kabonero k’abagezigezi Abaddugavu bonna okufaayo ku mbeera y’ebyobufuzi eyali efuuse ey’okusika omuguwa mu Afrika. Nyabongo yayambako mu kusengulwa kuno bwe yalagira ekitabo kino okussa essira ku byobufuzi bya Afrika. Ekirala, bwe yawandiika okwekenneenya ebitabo ku sikaala z’abavubuka aba Africa abamanyiddwa ennyo ezasemba UESA, nga WEB Du Bois’s ''Black Folk Then and Now'', Nyabongo yagezaako okulwanirira obumu mu bantu b’Abaddugavu bonna. Agenda zombi zaddamu omulanga gw’ekitabo kino ogw’okusumululwa, okuggwaawo kw’obufuzi bwa mawanga, okufuula Abafirika abali mu nsi endala abantu, n’okukulaakulanya amawanga ga Afrika.<ref name="Anthony-2014" /> === Endowooza ye ku byobufuzi === Akiki Nyabongo yalwanirira obumu bw’amawanga n’amadiini. Nyabongo era yali akwatagana n'abakiise mu kibiina kya African Association era n'awagira olulimi olumu wonna, olw'ekuusa ku bwasseruganda, nga tewali "kika kilwanyisa bika" oba "ebiwayi ebiwakanya ebiwayi".<ref name="Sanders-2019">{{Cite journal |last=Sanders |first=Ethan R. |date=2019 |title=James Aggrey and the African Nation: Pan-Africanism, Public Memory, and Political Imagination in Colonial East Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/45281486 |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=52 |issue=3 |pages=399–424 |issn=0361-7882 |jstor=45281486}}</ref> Endowooza eno yakwata butereevu ku mawanga mangi ag’obuvanjuba bwa Afrika nga galina amawanga mangi, omuli ekitongole kya Bungereza ekya Uganda Protectorate n’Obwakabaka bwa Tooro. Ng’aluŋŋamizibwa Dr. [[James Aggrey]] n’enjigiriza ye ku ndaba ye ey'ebintu ku bumu n’okuzingiramu ssemazinga wa Africa yenna, Akiki Nyabongo yayongera okuggumiza nti tewalina kubaawo kuyomba kwa ddiini mu Bannafirika era n’enzikiriza y’eddiini y’omuntu erina okussibwamu ekitiibwa. Yasindiikiriza okuyingiza eddiini mu nteekateeka ze ez’ebyobufuzi. Ku Nyabongo, okuyingiza eddiini mu bantu bonna yali ngeri nkulu nnyo ey’okutumbula obulamu obulungi obw’awamu obwa ssemazinga yenna. Enjawulo eyasangulwa wakati w’embeera z’abantu yaleetawo enjawulo y’Afirika ey’okugabana, nga ewagira okuzuukuka kw’ebyobufuzi mu Afrika yonna.<ref name="Sanders-2019" /> == Ebiwandiiko n’okunoonyereza kwe == Akiki Nyabongo yali muwandiisi era omuwandiisi omujjumbize. Y’omu ku bawandiisi mu Uganda abaasooka okufulumya ekitabo ky’Olungereza,<ref name="Monroe-2022" /> era ye yali omuwandiisi omukulu mu lupapula lwa ''The African'' Magazine ''.''<ref name="Sugirtharajah-2005">{{Cite book |last=Sugirtharajah |first=R.S. |year=2005 |title=The Bible and Empire: Postcolonial Explorations |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9780511614552/type/book |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-53191-7 |edition=1 |doi=10.1017/cbo9780511614552.006}}</ref> Omulimu gwe ogusinga okumanyika gwe kitabo "''Story of an African Chief"'', ekyafulumizibwa mu 1935, ekyaddamu okufulumizibwa mu 1936 wansi w’omutwe "''Africa Answers Back".''<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> Olugero luno olukwata ku bulamu bw’omuntu (semi-autobiographical novel) luteekeddwa mu Buganda era nga lugoberera emboozi y’obulamu bwa Abala Stanley Mujungu: mutabani w’omutaka Omuganda alinnya ku ntebe.<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> Omuzannyi omukulu alwanagana n’endagamuntu ye mu bulamu bwe bwonna, ng’agezaako okutebenkeza empisa enzaalwa ezaasimbibwa bazadde be n’ebikosa [[Obukristaayo]] n’obuwangwa bw’amawanga g’obugwanjuba okuva mu baminsani b’omu kitundu.<ref name="Sugirtharajah-2005" /> Enkola z’okumanya eza Afirika n’Abazungu zikontana enfunda eziwera mu butakkaanya mu kitabo kyonna. Mu kifaananyi ekimu, omuzannyi omukulu, Mujungu, eyaakalondebwa okuba omukulu, asaba omusawo w’omu kitundu okujjanjaba omukono gw’omusajja eyamenyese oluvannyuma lw’okulaba omusawo Omuzungu ng’agusibye ne bandegi.<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> Omusawo Omugirimaani alaga okwewuunya, nga tasobola kutegeera nkola ndala ey’obujjanjabi nga takozesezza bandegi. Abasawo Abagirimaani n’Abangereza basaba okutuula mu bayige engeri omusawo w’omu kitundu gy’agenda okulongoosaamu, nga bakozesa obumanyirivu obwo ng’omukisa gw’okuyiga.<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> Ekifo kino kiraga ekyokulabirako ky’obutuufu bw’enkola z’okumanya ez’obusawo mu Afirika bw’ogeraageranya n’obusawo bw’amawanga g’obugwanjuba; omulamwa Nyabongo gw'aberezaamu mu lunyiriri lwonna.<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> === Enkolagana y'eddiini mu kya ''Africa Answers Back'' === Enkolagana y'eddiini (Religious syncretism), okuyingiza enkola z’eddiini bbiri ezitakwatagana (okugeza, emikolo) mu nkola emu ekwatagana, gwali mulamwa gwa maanyi ogweyolekera mu ''Africa yonna Answers Back'' mu kunnyonnyola okugatta enkola z’eddiini z’Ekikristaayo n’ez’Afirika mu Uganda. Endowooza eno elagibwa ku ntandikwa y’olugero ng’omukulu atuuma mutabani we erinnya, omuzannyi omukulu mu lunyiriri luno Abala Stanley Mujungu. "Abala" lyali linnya lya nnono mu Uganda, so nga Stanley lyasibuka ku mulangira okwagala ennyo omuminsani Omukristaayo ayitibwa Stanley.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|title=The Fissures of Fusion|publisher=Brill|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004489950_018|access-date=2023-03-17|last=Döring|first=Tobias|year=1996|editor-last=Stummer|editor-first=Peter O.|pages=139–152|doi=10.1163/9789004489950_018|isbn=9789004489950|chapter=Fusion of Cultures?|editor2-first=Christopher|editor2-last=Balme|url-access=subscription}}</ref> === Okwaniriza kw'ekitabo kye ekya ''Africa Answers Back'' === ''Africa Answers Back'' y’emu ku bitabo by’Olungereza ebyasooka ebirina endowooza y’Abafirica ku byali byogerwa abafuzi b’amatwale. Omuzannyo guno gutwalibwa nga "ekiwandiiko ekikulu eky'ebiwandiiko bya Afirika eby'oluvannyuma lw'amatwale "Postcolonial literature" " nga guvumirira endowooza z'obuwangwa n'amawanga mu kiseera ekyo ezaali zitambula mu masomo n'abantu.<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> Wadde atenderezebwa okuva mu nsi y’ebiwandiiko, Nyabongo asanga okunenya olw’olugero luno. Omukugu mu by’ebiwandiiko Martina Kopf awoza nti Nyabongo yakwata enkola efaananako n’ebitongole by’amatwale bye yavumirira. Essira yaliteeka ku by’obujjanjabi, ng’omusajja eyalumizibbwa teyayingizibwa mu mboozi ekwata ku bujjanjabi bwe. Wabula, omukulu yakwata enkola okuva waggulu okudda wansi, ng’akozesa okuteebereza n’okusosola okumanyisa okusalawo kwe ku lw’abantu b’oku kyalo kye, okufaananako n’okusalawo okw’ekimpatiira okw’ebitongole by’amatwale.<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> Ekirala, Nyabongo okukozesa ekigambo ‘savage’ mu lunyiriri lwonna kyaleka abamanyi nga Mahruba T. Mowtushi nga babuusabuusa amakulu amabi ag’abantu b’omu kitundu okwawukana ku bantu ‘abakulembeze’.<ref name="Mowtushi-2015" /> Omukenkufu Danson Sylvester Kahyana yawa okwekenneenya okujjuvu ku kitabo kino. Essira yaliteka ku by’obusawo n’agamba nti Akiki Nyabongo okulwanirira okuleeta eddagala ly’amawanga g’obugwanjuba kwalaga enzikiriza ye ey’enjawulo mu buwangwa bw’amawanga g’obugwanjuba obukosa obulungi embeera z’abantu mu Afirika. Naye, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo alwanyisa obufuzi bw’amatwale okusinga alaba ebyenjigiriza by’amawanga g’obugwanjuba ng’okusoomoozebwa eri okuwangaala kw’emisingi, empisa, n’enzikiriza z’Afirika ezikola okumala ebyasa bingi.<ref name="Kahyana-2016" /> === Pulojekiti ze endala === Nyabongo yafulumya ebitabo by’enfumo ebitonotono mu myaka gya 1930. Mu 1937, yafulumya ''Emboozi za Bisoro'' (1937), n’addirira ''Emboozi za Bisoro II'' (1939) <ref name="Matera-2010" /><ref name="Nyabongo-1939">{{Cite book |last=Nyabongo |first=Akiki H.K. |date=1939 |title=Winds and Lights: African Fairy Tales |publisher=New York: The Voice of Ethiopia}}</ref> ''Empewo n'amataala:'' ''Enfumo z'Afirika'' zafulumizibwa mu 1939.<ref name="Nyabongo-1939" /> Nyabongo era yafulumya ekiwandiiko ekitannaba kufulumizibwa, "''Yali the Savage"'', ekyagenderera okwanjula munnakatemba, omuyimbi era omulwanirizi w’eddembe Omumerika Paul Robeson. Ebbago lino kati likuumiddwa mu tterekero ly'ebitabo erya Queen's College erya "The Nyabongo Papers".<ref name="The Queen's College, Oxford" /> Pulojekiti y’omuwandiisi eyasembayo okumanyibwa eyafulumizibwa yali kitabo eky’olulimi [[Olutooro]], ''Oruhenda'', ekyannyonnyola obuwangwa bw’ekitundu ky’e Tooro, ennono, n’olulimi lw’olubiri olw’ekyama.<ref name="Monroe-2022" /> Ng’omukugu mu by’enkula y’abantu eyatendekebwa mu Oxford, Nyabongo lumu yanoonyereza ku ''Ebito'', olulimi lwa Uganda olw’edda olwesigama ku bimuli. Mu kunoonyereza kuno, teyafaayo ku ndagamuntu ye ng’omulwanirizi w’ebyobufuzi mu Afrika yonna kyokka ng’ategeeza kuteesa ku ntambula n’okukwatagana kwa Uganda ey’edda ng’ayita mu nkola z’obuwangwa ezikwatagana. Kyokka Nyabongo yalemererwa okumaliriza okunoonyereza kuno. Pulojekiti eno teyaliimu nsimbi. Ekisinga obukulu, Obwakabaka bwa Tooro bwamusaba addeyo mu Uganda ayambeko mu kuteesa okwefuga okuva ku Bungereza.<ref name="Monroe-2022" /> == Okufa kwe == Akiki Nyabongo yafiira mu ddwaliro e Jinja mu Uganda omwezi nga 2O gwekkumi, 1975, ku myaka 65. Yaleka mukyala we Ada Naomi Nyabongo ne mutabani we Amoti Nyabongo. == Ebitabo bye ebyalondebwa == * ''Emboozi y’Omulangira w’Afirika'' (1935), n’eddamu okufulumizibwa n’etuumibwa erinnya ''lya Africa Answers Back'' (1936);<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> * ''Bisoro I'' (1937); * ''Bisoro II'' (1939);. * ''Empewo n’amataala: Enfumo z’Afirika'' (1939). == Ebikozesebwa mu kutereka ebyafaayo == "Empapula za Nyabongo" tterekero lya Queen's College eririmu emisomo gya Akiki Nyabongo, okuwandiika ebbago, ebitabo ebifulumiziddwa, n'ebifaananyi ebimukwatako. Ettendekero lino lyalonda ebimu ku bikung’aanyiziddwa mu mwoleso omutono mu Gwekkumi wa 2021 okujjukira omwezi gw’ebyafaayo by’abaddugavu.<ref name="The Queen's College, Oxford" /> == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} <references /> == Ebisingawo okusoma == * {{Cite book |last=Nyabongo |first=Akiki H.K. |date=1936 |title=Africa Answers Back |publisher=Routledge & Sons |location=London}} * {{Cite book |last=Nyabongo |first=Akiki H.K. |date=1939 |title=Winds and Lights: African Fairy Tales |publisher=The Voice of Ethiopia |location=New York}} [[Category:Bannayuganda abalwanirizi b'eddembe]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abawandiisi]] [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1907]] bu0g1rz47o4kma5w2tkpatq21gtf7ic 58541 58538 2026-07-03T14:13:42Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 added a category 58541 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Akiki Hosea Kanyarusoke Nyabongo''' ( c. 1907 – Ogwekkumi 2, 1975) yali munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era omuwandiisi w’ebitabo.<ref name="The New York Times-1975">{{Cite news|date=1975-10-17|title=Akiki Nyabongo, 65, Dies; Writer and Uganda Prince|language=en-US|page=38|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/10/17/archives/akiki-nyabongo-65-dies-writer-and-uganda-prince.html|access-date=2023-03-17|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Yazaalibwa omulangira w’Obukama bwa [[Tooro]] mu Bugwanjuba bwa Uganda era yasomera mu yunivasite mu Amerika ne Bungereza.<ref name="The New York Times-1975" /> Omukugu mu by’enkula y’abantu eyatendekebwa mu Oxford, Nyabongo yalina ebifo by’obusomesa mu Amerika era n’agenda mu maaso n’okunoonyereza ku by’enkula y’abantu.<ref name="Matera-2010">{{Cite journal |last=Matera |first=Marc |date=2010 |title=Colonial Subjects: Black Intellectuals and the Development of Colonial Studies in Britain |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23265207 |journal=Journal of British Studies |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=388–418 |doi=10.1086/649838 |issn=0021-9371 |jstor=23265207 |s2cid=143861344 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Oluvannyuma yakomawo e Uganda, n'ayambako mu kwefuga kwayo okuva ku Bungereza era n'abeerawo okutuusa lwe yafa.<ref name="Monroe-2022">{{Cite journal |last=Monroe |first=Caitlin C. |date=2022-08-01 |title=Searching for Nyabongo |url=https://read.dukeupress.edu/cssaame/article/42/2/389/317247/Searching-for-NyabongoAn-Unconventional-Ugandan |journal=Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East |language=en |volume=42 |issue=2 |pages=389–403 |doi=10.1215/1089201X-9987879 |issn=1089-201X |s2cid=252245781 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Akiki Nyabongo yakolagana n’abalwanirizi b’eddembe ab’enjawulo mu Afrika yonna "pan-African" (nga mw’otwalidde ne [[WEB Du Bois|W.E.B Du Bois]] ne George Padmore ) era n’awagira mu lwatu okuva kwa africa u bufuzi bw'amatwale (African decolonization) n’okukulaakulana mu biwandiiko bye. Ekitabo kye ekyasinga okumanyika ye ''Africa Answers Back'' (1936), ekimu ku bitabo eby’olulimi Olungereza ebyasooka okuwandiikibwa omuwandiisi Munnayuganda.<ref name="Kopf-2019">{{Cite journal |last=Kopf |first=Martina |date=2019 |title=Encountering development in East African fiction |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0021989417707801 |journal=The Journal of Commonwealth Literature |language=en |volume=54 |issue=3 |pages=338 |doi=10.1177/0021989417707801 |issn=0021-9894 |s2cid=157910109 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Omuzannyo guno gwalaba ensonga y’ebyobufuzi n’obuwangwa ekwatagana mu Afrika ey’amatwale (colonial Africa) ng’akabonero k’okukkiriza kwe mu bumu bwa Afirika. Nyabongo yakiikirira okwagala kw'abantu ba bugwanjuba bwa Uganda ( [[Tooro]] ) olw'eddembe ly'ebyobufuzi n'okuwuliza amaloboozi gaabwe mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Kahyana-2016">{{Cite journal |last=Kahyana |first=Danson Sylvester |date=2016-12-31 |title=Depiction of African Indigenous Education in Akiki Nyabongo's Africa Answers Back (1936) |url=https://journals.ukzn.ac.za/index.php/soa/article/view/1363 |journal=Alternation Journal |language=en-US |issue=18 |pages=241–243 |issn=2519-5476}}</ref> == Obuto n’okusoma kwe == [[File:Flag_of_the_Tooro_Kingdom.svg|thumb|Bendera y'Obukama bw'e Tooro]] [[File:Kingdom_of_Toro_(map_of_the_original_kingdom).png|thumb|Maapu y'Obwakabaka bwa Tooro mu Uganda]] Akiki Nyabongo yali mutabani w’omugenzi [[Kyembambe III]], [[Omukama]] ow’Obwakabaka bwa Tooro mu bugwanjuba bwa Uganda. Yazaalibwa mu kibuga Fort Portal e Uganda mu 1907.<ref name="Kahyana-2016" /> Omulangira ono omuto yamaliriza siniya mu King's College e Budo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa. Amasomo g'awaggulu yagasomera ku [[Howard University]] (gye yaggya Diguli Esooka) ne [[Yale]] . Yasomera mu [[Harvard University]] okufuna diguli ye eyookubiri n'eyookusatu oba PhD mu by'obutonde mu [[Queen's College]], ku ttendekkero lya The University of Oxford.<ref name="Matera-2010" /> Mu 1937, ekitongole kya Rhodes Trust kyatandika okuwagira emisomo gye olw’okusoma kwe okwali okulungi eyo.<ref name="Monroe-2022" /> Nyabongo yatikkirwa mu 1939 mu Oxford n'ebbaluwa eyitibwa "''The Religious Practices and Beliefs of Ugandans"'' . Okunoonyereza kuno kwekenneenya mu bujjuvu [[eddiini mu Uganda]], enzikiriza, n’obuwangwa. Kyatenderezebwa ng’ekyokulabirako ky'Okunoonyereza n'okumanya embeera z'obuwangwa (autoetnography) nga kirimu omuwendo gw’eby’ensoma ogutenkanika bulungi.<ref name="The Queen's College, Oxford">{{Cite web |title=Africa Answers Back (exhibition) |url=https://www.queens.ox.ac.uk/exhibitions/africa-answers-back/ |access-date=2023-03-17 |website=The Queen's College, Oxford |language=en-US}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Oluvannyuma lw’okumaliriza diguli ye ey’okusatu (doctorate), okwawukana ku gavumenti y’amatwale ga Bungereza (British colonial government) eyali eyagala okumukomyaawo e Uganda, yasenguka n’abeera mu Brooklyn, ekibuga kya New York, mu 1940. Mu myaka gya 1940, yali pulofeesa mu [[Yunivasite y’e Alabama]] n’oluvannyuma mu [[North Carolina A&T University]] .<ref name="Matera-2010" /> Mu 1957, yakomawo mu Uganda okuyambako mu kuteesa okwefuga okuva ku Bungereza.<ref name="Monroe-2022" /> Mu 1959, Nyabongo yadduka mu Uganda olw'ebyokwerinda. Yatandika okukola nga pulofeesa w’Essomo ly'entabaganya (sociology) n’obuwangwa (culture) mu [[yunivasite y’e Leiden]] e Hague mu Budaaki (Netherlands). Nga 1962 tannatuuka, yakolera ku kakiiko ka ssemateeka akalondoola obwetwaze bwa Uganda. Oluvannyuma Nyabongo yeesimbawo ku bwa nnamunigina ku kifo kya palamenti mu bukiikaddyo bwa Tooro, ekitundu ekiriraanye ekibuga kye Fort Portal n’awangulwa. Nyabongo emirimu gye gyonna yagimala mu Uganda, nga ssentebe w’akakiiko ka gavumenti ya Uganda akategeka ebibuga n’ensi okutuusa lwe yafa mu 1975.<ref name="Monroe-2022" /> == Okulwanirira ebyobufuzi == === Okukwatagana kwe n’abalwanirizi b’eddembe === [[File:Flag_of_the_UNIA.svg|thumb|"Bendera y'obumu mu mawanga ga Africa" eyatondebwawo ekibiina ekigatta abaddugavu ekya Universal Negro Improvement Association ne African Communities League]] Nyabongo yabeeranga mu bulamu obw’ensi yonna (global life). Yakolagana n’[[abalwanirizi b’eddembe ly’obuntu]] abamanyiddwa era n’agabana emirimu gye yawandiika mu Uganda, America, n'Obugwanjuba bwa Bulaaya. Yabeeranga era n’akolagana ne George Padmore era n’akolagana ne W.E.B Du Bois ku pulojekiti ya "latter's abortive project, ''Encyclopedia of the Negro''". Nyabongo yasomooza obufuzi bw’amatwale era n’ayongera emboozi ezikwata ku nkola y’ensi yonna (Internationalism) ey’Abaddugavu ng’ayita mu bitabo bino, enkolagana, n’ebbaluwa. Nyabongo era yayanjula omulwanirizi w’eddembe ly’obuntu Eslanda Goode Robeson mu Uganda mu lugendo lwe ku lukalu lwa Africa mu 1936.<ref name="Matera-2010" /> Mu 1936, bwe yali amaliriza ebbaluwa ku mpisa z’eddiini za Uganda mu [[Queen’s College, Oxford]], era nga wayise omwaka gumu ng’afulumya ekitabo kye ekyasooka "''The Story of an African Chief'' (re-titled ''Africa answers back'' )", Nyabongo yaweereza ebbaluwa eri [[Rabindranath Tagore]] (1861–1941), omuyimbi Omubengali. Ebbaluwa eno yasaba okuvvuunulwa kw’ekitontome ekirimu empisa Tagore kye yayiiya ku Afirika okubunyisa ekiwandiiko ekyo eri Abafirika bonna. Ekitontome kino kyawakanya Benito Mussolini [[okulumba Ethiopia]] (mu kiseera ekyo [[Abyssinia]] ) era ne kivumirira effujjo eryategekebwa amagye ga Bwakabaka bwa Bulaaya ku ssemazinga wa Afirika. Mu kwanukula Tagore Nyabongo, yagondera okusaba kwa Nyabongo. Olw'ebbaluwa eno, amawulire g'e Bungereza aga ''The Spectator'' gaafulumya "To Africa," enkyusa y'Olungereza ey'ekitontome ekyasooka ekyavvuunulwa Tagore nga May 7, 1937.<ref name="Mowtushi-2015" /> === Okwetaba mu byobufuzi === Mu 1945, Akiki Nyabongo yawa omulimu mu Ttabamiruka w’Abafuzi b’amatwale Du Bois ne NAACP gwe baayita mu New York mu Gwokuna 6 ku ttabi lya 135th Street mu tterekero ly’ebitabo erya New York Public Library. Yali mmemba ku kakiiko akasalawo era yayambako okulaga ensonga nnya ezaali ziwagira okulwanyisa obufuzi bw’amatwale (Decolonization) n’enkulaakulana y’amawanga ga Afrika. Ensonga zino zaasindikibwa mu mawulire ag’enjawulo era okukkakkana nga zayanjuddwa mu lukungaana lw’e San Francisco.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sherwood |first=Marika |date=1996 |title="There Is No New Deal for the Blackman in San Francisco": African Attempts to Influence the Founding Conference of the United Nations, April–July, 1945 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/221419 |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=71–94 |doi=10.2307/221419 |issn=0361-7882 |jstor=221419 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Akiki Nyabongo yali mmemba wa maanyi era nga yayamba nnyo mu kibiina ky’abayizi ekya Universal Ethiopian Student’s Association (UESA), ekyatandikibwawo abamanyi abalwanirizi b’eddembe okuva mu Amerika, Caribbeans, ne Africa, mu Harlem, New York, mu 1927. <ref name="Anthony-2014">{{Cite thesis|last=Anthony|first=TaKeia N.|title=Mobilizing Diaspora: The Universal Ethiopian Students' Association, 1927–1948|date=2014|publisher=Howard University|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/1620907442|language=en|access-date=2023-03-17|id={{ProQuest|1620907442}}}}<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref> Mu January 1947, Nyabongo yaweereza ng’omuwandiisi omukulu mu kitabo ekikulu ekya UESA: ''The African: The Journal of African Affairs'' . Obuwandiisi bwe bwali kabonero k’abagezigezi Abaddugavu bonna okufaayo ku mbeera y’ebyobufuzi eyali efuuse ey’okusika omuguwa mu Afrika. Nyabongo yayambako mu kusengulwa kuno bwe yalagira ekitabo kino okussa essira ku byobufuzi bya Afrika. Ekirala, bwe yawandiika okwekenneenya ebitabo ku sikaala z’abavubuka aba Africa abamanyiddwa ennyo ezasemba UESA, nga WEB Du Bois’s ''Black Folk Then and Now'', Nyabongo yagezaako okulwanirira obumu mu bantu b’Abaddugavu bonna. Agenda zombi zaddamu omulanga gw’ekitabo kino ogw’okusumululwa, okuggwaawo kw’obufuzi bwa mawanga, okufuula Abafirika abali mu nsi endala abantu, n’okukulaakulanya amawanga ga Afrika.<ref name="Anthony-2014" /> === Endowooza ye ku byobufuzi === Akiki Nyabongo yalwanirira obumu bw’amawanga n’amadiini. Nyabongo era yali akwatagana n'abakiise mu kibiina kya African Association era n'awagira olulimi olumu wonna, olw'ekuusa ku bwasseruganda, nga tewali "kika kilwanyisa bika" oba "ebiwayi ebiwakanya ebiwayi".<ref name="Sanders-2019">{{Cite journal |last=Sanders |first=Ethan R. |date=2019 |title=James Aggrey and the African Nation: Pan-Africanism, Public Memory, and Political Imagination in Colonial East Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/45281486 |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=52 |issue=3 |pages=399–424 |issn=0361-7882 |jstor=45281486}}</ref> Endowooza eno yakwata butereevu ku mawanga mangi ag’obuvanjuba bwa Afrika nga galina amawanga mangi, omuli ekitongole kya Bungereza ekya Uganda Protectorate n’Obwakabaka bwa Tooro. Ng’aluŋŋamizibwa Dr. [[James Aggrey]] n’enjigiriza ye ku ndaba ye ey'ebintu ku bumu n’okuzingiramu ssemazinga wa Africa yenna, Akiki Nyabongo yayongera okuggumiza nti tewalina kubaawo kuyomba kwa ddiini mu Bannafirika era n’enzikiriza y’eddiini y’omuntu erina okussibwamu ekitiibwa. Yasindiikiriza okuyingiza eddiini mu nteekateeka ze ez’ebyobufuzi. Ku Nyabongo, okuyingiza eddiini mu bantu bonna yali ngeri nkulu nnyo ey’okutumbula obulamu obulungi obw’awamu obwa ssemazinga yenna. Enjawulo eyasangulwa wakati w’embeera z’abantu yaleetawo enjawulo y’Afirika ey’okugabana, nga ewagira okuzuukuka kw’ebyobufuzi mu Afrika yonna.<ref name="Sanders-2019" /> == Ebiwandiiko n’okunoonyereza kwe == Akiki Nyabongo yali muwandiisi era omuwandiisi omujjumbize. Y’omu ku bawandiisi mu Uganda abaasooka okufulumya ekitabo ky’Olungereza,<ref name="Monroe-2022" /> era ye yali omuwandiisi omukulu mu lupapula lwa ''The African'' Magazine ''.''<ref name="Sugirtharajah-2005">{{Cite book |last=Sugirtharajah |first=R.S. |year=2005 |title=The Bible and Empire: Postcolonial Explorations |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9780511614552/type/book |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-53191-7 |edition=1 |doi=10.1017/cbo9780511614552.006}}</ref> Omulimu gwe ogusinga okumanyika gwe kitabo "''Story of an African Chief"'', ekyafulumizibwa mu 1935, ekyaddamu okufulumizibwa mu 1936 wansi w’omutwe "''Africa Answers Back".''<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> Olugero luno olukwata ku bulamu bw’omuntu (semi-autobiographical novel) luteekeddwa mu Buganda era nga lugoberera emboozi y’obulamu bwa Abala Stanley Mujungu: mutabani w’omutaka Omuganda alinnya ku ntebe.<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> Omuzannyi omukulu alwanagana n’endagamuntu ye mu bulamu bwe bwonna, ng’agezaako okutebenkeza empisa enzaalwa ezaasimbibwa bazadde be n’ebikosa [[Obukristaayo]] n’obuwangwa bw’amawanga g’obugwanjuba okuva mu baminsani b’omu kitundu.<ref name="Sugirtharajah-2005" /> Enkola z’okumanya eza Afirika n’Abazungu zikontana enfunda eziwera mu butakkaanya mu kitabo kyonna. Mu kifaananyi ekimu, omuzannyi omukulu, Mujungu, eyaakalondebwa okuba omukulu, asaba omusawo w’omu kitundu okujjanjaba omukono gw’omusajja eyamenyese oluvannyuma lw’okulaba omusawo Omuzungu ng’agusibye ne bandegi.<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> Omusawo Omugirimaani alaga okwewuunya, nga tasobola kutegeera nkola ndala ey’obujjanjabi nga takozesezza bandegi. Abasawo Abagirimaani n’Abangereza basaba okutuula mu bayige engeri omusawo w’omu kitundu gy’agenda okulongoosaamu, nga bakozesa obumanyirivu obwo ng’omukisa gw’okuyiga.<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> Ekifo kino kiraga ekyokulabirako ky’obutuufu bw’enkola z’okumanya ez’obusawo mu Afirika bw’ogeraageranya n’obusawo bw’amawanga g’obugwanjuba; omulamwa Nyabongo gw'aberezaamu mu lunyiriri lwonna.<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> === Enkolagana y'eddiini mu kya ''Africa Answers Back'' === Enkolagana y'eddiini (Religious syncretism), okuyingiza enkola z’eddiini bbiri ezitakwatagana (okugeza, emikolo) mu nkola emu ekwatagana, gwali mulamwa gwa maanyi ogweyolekera mu ''Africa yonna Answers Back'' mu kunnyonnyola okugatta enkola z’eddiini z’Ekikristaayo n’ez’Afirika mu Uganda. Endowooza eno elagibwa ku ntandikwa y’olugero ng’omukulu atuuma mutabani we erinnya, omuzannyi omukulu mu lunyiriri luno Abala Stanley Mujungu. "Abala" lyali linnya lya nnono mu Uganda, so nga Stanley lyasibuka ku mulangira okwagala ennyo omuminsani Omukristaayo ayitibwa Stanley.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|title=The Fissures of Fusion|publisher=Brill|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004489950_018|access-date=2023-03-17|last=Döring|first=Tobias|year=1996|editor-last=Stummer|editor-first=Peter O.|pages=139–152|doi=10.1163/9789004489950_018|isbn=9789004489950|chapter=Fusion of Cultures?|editor2-first=Christopher|editor2-last=Balme|url-access=subscription}}</ref> === Okwaniriza kw'ekitabo kye ekya ''Africa Answers Back'' === ''Africa Answers Back'' y’emu ku bitabo by’Olungereza ebyasooka ebirina endowooza y’Abafirica ku byali byogerwa abafuzi b’amatwale. Omuzannyo guno gutwalibwa nga "ekiwandiiko ekikulu eky'ebiwandiiko bya Afirika eby'oluvannyuma lw'amatwale "Postcolonial literature" " nga guvumirira endowooza z'obuwangwa n'amawanga mu kiseera ekyo ezaali zitambula mu masomo n'abantu.<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> Wadde atenderezebwa okuva mu nsi y’ebiwandiiko, Nyabongo asanga okunenya olw’olugero luno. Omukugu mu by’ebiwandiiko Martina Kopf awoza nti Nyabongo yakwata enkola efaananako n’ebitongole by’amatwale bye yavumirira. Essira yaliteeka ku by’obujjanjabi, ng’omusajja eyalumizibbwa teyayingizibwa mu mboozi ekwata ku bujjanjabi bwe. Wabula, omukulu yakwata enkola okuva waggulu okudda wansi, ng’akozesa okuteebereza n’okusosola okumanyisa okusalawo kwe ku lw’abantu b’oku kyalo kye, okufaananako n’okusalawo okw’ekimpatiira okw’ebitongole by’amatwale.<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> Ekirala, Nyabongo okukozesa ekigambo ‘savage’ mu lunyiriri lwonna kyaleka abamanyi nga Mahruba T. Mowtushi nga babuusabuusa amakulu amabi ag’abantu b’omu kitundu okwawukana ku bantu ‘abakulembeze’.<ref name="Mowtushi-2015" /> Omukenkufu Danson Sylvester Kahyana yawa okwekenneenya okujjuvu ku kitabo kino. Essira yaliteka ku by’obusawo n’agamba nti Akiki Nyabongo okulwanirira okuleeta eddagala ly’amawanga g’obugwanjuba kwalaga enzikiriza ye ey’enjawulo mu buwangwa bw’amawanga g’obugwanjuba obukosa obulungi embeera z’abantu mu Afirika. Naye, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo alwanyisa obufuzi bw’amatwale okusinga alaba ebyenjigiriza by’amawanga g’obugwanjuba ng’okusoomoozebwa eri okuwangaala kw’emisingi, empisa, n’enzikiriza z’Afirika ezikola okumala ebyasa bingi.<ref name="Kahyana-2016" /> === Pulojekiti ze endala === Nyabongo yafulumya ebitabo by’enfumo ebitonotono mu myaka gya 1930. Mu 1937, yafulumya ''Emboozi za Bisoro'' (1937), n’addirira ''Emboozi za Bisoro II'' (1939) <ref name="Matera-2010" /><ref name="Nyabongo-1939">{{Cite book |last=Nyabongo |first=Akiki H.K. |date=1939 |title=Winds and Lights: African Fairy Tales |publisher=New York: The Voice of Ethiopia}}</ref> ''Empewo n'amataala:'' ''Enfumo z'Afirika'' zafulumizibwa mu 1939.<ref name="Nyabongo-1939" /> Nyabongo era yafulumya ekiwandiiko ekitannaba kufulumizibwa, "''Yali the Savage"'', ekyagenderera okwanjula munnakatemba, omuyimbi era omulwanirizi w’eddembe Omumerika Paul Robeson. Ebbago lino kati likuumiddwa mu tterekero ly'ebitabo erya Queen's College erya "The Nyabongo Papers".<ref name="The Queen's College, Oxford" /> Pulojekiti y’omuwandiisi eyasembayo okumanyibwa eyafulumizibwa yali kitabo eky’olulimi [[Olutooro]], ''Oruhenda'', ekyannyonnyola obuwangwa bw’ekitundu ky’e Tooro, ennono, n’olulimi lw’olubiri olw’ekyama.<ref name="Monroe-2022" /> Ng’omukugu mu by’enkula y’abantu eyatendekebwa mu Oxford, Nyabongo lumu yanoonyereza ku ''Ebito'', olulimi lwa Uganda olw’edda olwesigama ku bimuli. Mu kunoonyereza kuno, teyafaayo ku ndagamuntu ye ng’omulwanirizi w’ebyobufuzi mu Afrika yonna kyokka ng’ategeeza kuteesa ku ntambula n’okukwatagana kwa Uganda ey’edda ng’ayita mu nkola z’obuwangwa ezikwatagana. Kyokka Nyabongo yalemererwa okumaliriza okunoonyereza kuno. Pulojekiti eno teyaliimu nsimbi. Ekisinga obukulu, Obwakabaka bwa Tooro bwamusaba addeyo mu Uganda ayambeko mu kuteesa okwefuga okuva ku Bungereza.<ref name="Monroe-2022" /> == Okufa kwe == Akiki Nyabongo yafiira mu ddwaliro e Jinja mu Uganda omwezi nga 2O gwekkumi, 1975, ku myaka 65. Yaleka mukyala we Ada Naomi Nyabongo ne mutabani we Amoti Nyabongo. == Ebitabo bye ebyalondebwa == * ''Emboozi y’Omulangira w’Afirika'' (1935), n’eddamu okufulumizibwa n’etuumibwa erinnya ''lya Africa Answers Back'' (1936);<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> * ''Bisoro I'' (1937); * ''Bisoro II'' (1939);. * ''Empewo n’amataala: Enfumo z’Afirika'' (1939). == Ebikozesebwa mu kutereka ebyafaayo == "Empapula za Nyabongo" tterekero lya Queen's College eririmu emisomo gya Akiki Nyabongo, okuwandiika ebbago, ebitabo ebifulumiziddwa, n'ebifaananyi ebimukwatako. Ettendekero lino lyalonda ebimu ku bikung’aanyiziddwa mu mwoleso omutono mu Gwekkumi wa 2021 okujjukira omwezi gw’ebyafaayo by’abaddugavu.<ref name="The Queen's College, Oxford" /> == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} <references /> == Ebisingawo okusoma == * {{Cite book |last=Nyabongo |first=Akiki H.K. |date=1936 |title=Africa Answers Back |publisher=Routledge & Sons |location=London}} * {{Cite book |last=Nyabongo |first=Akiki H.K. |date=1939 |title=Winds and Lights: African Fairy Tales |publisher=The Voice of Ethiopia |location=New York}} [[Category:Bannayuganda abalwanirizi b'eddembe]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abawandiisi]] [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1907]] [[Category:Abantu abaafa mu 1975]] 72ryz5906id2p6xddffvu5qqlgd2ktt 58543 58541 2026-07-03T14:16:12Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 added a category 58543 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Akiki Hosea Kanyarusoke Nyabongo''' ( c. 1907 – Ogwekkumi 2, 1975) yali munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era omuwandiisi w’ebitabo.<ref name="The New York Times-1975">{{Cite news|date=1975-10-17|title=Akiki Nyabongo, 65, Dies; Writer and Uganda Prince|language=en-US|page=38|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/10/17/archives/akiki-nyabongo-65-dies-writer-and-uganda-prince.html|access-date=2023-03-17|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Yazaalibwa omulangira w’Obukama bwa [[Tooro]] mu Bugwanjuba bwa Uganda era yasomera mu yunivasite mu Amerika ne Bungereza.<ref name="The New York Times-1975" /> Omukugu mu by’enkula y’abantu eyatendekebwa mu Oxford, Nyabongo yalina ebifo by’obusomesa mu Amerika era n’agenda mu maaso n’okunoonyereza ku by’enkula y’abantu.<ref name="Matera-2010">{{Cite journal |last=Matera |first=Marc |date=2010 |title=Colonial Subjects: Black Intellectuals and the Development of Colonial Studies in Britain |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23265207 |journal=Journal of British Studies |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=388–418 |doi=10.1086/649838 |issn=0021-9371 |jstor=23265207 |s2cid=143861344 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Oluvannyuma yakomawo e Uganda, n'ayambako mu kwefuga kwayo okuva ku Bungereza era n'abeerawo okutuusa lwe yafa.<ref name="Monroe-2022">{{Cite journal |last=Monroe |first=Caitlin C. |date=2022-08-01 |title=Searching for Nyabongo |url=https://read.dukeupress.edu/cssaame/article/42/2/389/317247/Searching-for-NyabongoAn-Unconventional-Ugandan |journal=Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East |language=en |volume=42 |issue=2 |pages=389–403 |doi=10.1215/1089201X-9987879 |issn=1089-201X |s2cid=252245781 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Akiki Nyabongo yakolagana n’abalwanirizi b’eddembe ab’enjawulo mu Afrika yonna "pan-African" (nga mw’otwalidde ne [[WEB Du Bois|W.E.B Du Bois]] ne George Padmore ) era n’awagira mu lwatu okuva kwa africa u bufuzi bw'amatwale (African decolonization) n’okukulaakulana mu biwandiiko bye. Ekitabo kye ekyasinga okumanyika ye ''Africa Answers Back'' (1936), ekimu ku bitabo eby’olulimi Olungereza ebyasooka okuwandiikibwa omuwandiisi Munnayuganda.<ref name="Kopf-2019">{{Cite journal |last=Kopf |first=Martina |date=2019 |title=Encountering development in East African fiction |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0021989417707801 |journal=The Journal of Commonwealth Literature |language=en |volume=54 |issue=3 |pages=338 |doi=10.1177/0021989417707801 |issn=0021-9894 |s2cid=157910109 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Omuzannyo guno gwalaba ensonga y’ebyobufuzi n’obuwangwa ekwatagana mu Afrika ey’amatwale (colonial Africa) ng’akabonero k’okukkiriza kwe mu bumu bwa Afirika. Nyabongo yakiikirira okwagala kw'abantu ba bugwanjuba bwa Uganda ( [[Tooro]] ) olw'eddembe ly'ebyobufuzi n'okuwuliza amaloboozi gaabwe mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Kahyana-2016">{{Cite journal |last=Kahyana |first=Danson Sylvester |date=2016-12-31 |title=Depiction of African Indigenous Education in Akiki Nyabongo's Africa Answers Back (1936) |url=https://journals.ukzn.ac.za/index.php/soa/article/view/1363 |journal=Alternation Journal |language=en-US |issue=18 |pages=241–243 |issn=2519-5476}}</ref> == Obuto n’okusoma kwe == [[File:Flag_of_the_Tooro_Kingdom.svg|thumb|Bendera y'Obukama bw'e Tooro]] [[File:Kingdom_of_Toro_(map_of_the_original_kingdom).png|thumb|Maapu y'Obwakabaka bwa Tooro mu Uganda]] Akiki Nyabongo yali mutabani w’omugenzi [[Kyembambe III]], [[Omukama]] ow’Obwakabaka bwa Tooro mu bugwanjuba bwa Uganda. Yazaalibwa mu kibuga Fort Portal e Uganda mu 1907.<ref name="Kahyana-2016" /> Omulangira ono omuto yamaliriza siniya mu King's College e Budo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa. Amasomo g'awaggulu yagasomera ku [[Howard University]] (gye yaggya Diguli Esooka) ne [[Yale]] . Yasomera mu [[Harvard University]] okufuna diguli ye eyookubiri n'eyookusatu oba PhD mu by'obutonde mu [[Queen's College]], ku ttendekkero lya The University of Oxford.<ref name="Matera-2010" /> Mu 1937, ekitongole kya Rhodes Trust kyatandika okuwagira emisomo gye olw’okusoma kwe okwali okulungi eyo.<ref name="Monroe-2022" /> Nyabongo yatikkirwa mu 1939 mu Oxford n'ebbaluwa eyitibwa "''The Religious Practices and Beliefs of Ugandans"'' . Okunoonyereza kuno kwekenneenya mu bujjuvu [[eddiini mu Uganda]], enzikiriza, n’obuwangwa. Kyatenderezebwa ng’ekyokulabirako ky'Okunoonyereza n'okumanya embeera z'obuwangwa (autoetnography) nga kirimu omuwendo gw’eby’ensoma ogutenkanika bulungi.<ref name="The Queen's College, Oxford">{{Cite web |title=Africa Answers Back (exhibition) |url=https://www.queens.ox.ac.uk/exhibitions/africa-answers-back/ |access-date=2023-03-17 |website=The Queen's College, Oxford |language=en-US}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Oluvannyuma lw’okumaliriza diguli ye ey’okusatu (doctorate), okwawukana ku gavumenti y’amatwale ga Bungereza (British colonial government) eyali eyagala okumukomyaawo e Uganda, yasenguka n’abeera mu Brooklyn, ekibuga kya New York, mu 1940. Mu myaka gya 1940, yali pulofeesa mu [[Yunivasite y’e Alabama]] n’oluvannyuma mu [[North Carolina A&T University]] .<ref name="Matera-2010" /> Mu 1957, yakomawo mu Uganda okuyambako mu kuteesa okwefuga okuva ku Bungereza.<ref name="Monroe-2022" /> Mu 1959, Nyabongo yadduka mu Uganda olw'ebyokwerinda. Yatandika okukola nga pulofeesa w’Essomo ly'entabaganya (sociology) n’obuwangwa (culture) mu [[yunivasite y’e Leiden]] e Hague mu Budaaki (Netherlands). Nga 1962 tannatuuka, yakolera ku kakiiko ka ssemateeka akalondoola obwetwaze bwa Uganda. Oluvannyuma Nyabongo yeesimbawo ku bwa nnamunigina ku kifo kya palamenti mu bukiikaddyo bwa Tooro, ekitundu ekiriraanye ekibuga kye Fort Portal n’awangulwa. Nyabongo emirimu gye gyonna yagimala mu Uganda, nga ssentebe w’akakiiko ka gavumenti ya Uganda akategeka ebibuga n’ensi okutuusa lwe yafa mu 1975.<ref name="Monroe-2022" /> == Okulwanirira ebyobufuzi == === Okukwatagana kwe n’abalwanirizi b’eddembe === [[File:Flag_of_the_UNIA.svg|thumb|"Bendera y'obumu mu mawanga ga Africa" eyatondebwawo ekibiina ekigatta abaddugavu ekya Universal Negro Improvement Association ne African Communities League]] Nyabongo yabeeranga mu bulamu obw’ensi yonna (global life). Yakolagana n’[[abalwanirizi b’eddembe ly’obuntu]] abamanyiddwa era n’agabana emirimu gye yawandiika mu Uganda, America, n'Obugwanjuba bwa Bulaaya. Yabeeranga era n’akolagana ne George Padmore era n’akolagana ne W.E.B Du Bois ku pulojekiti ya "latter's abortive project, ''Encyclopedia of the Negro''". Nyabongo yasomooza obufuzi bw’amatwale era n’ayongera emboozi ezikwata ku nkola y’ensi yonna (Internationalism) ey’Abaddugavu ng’ayita mu bitabo bino, enkolagana, n’ebbaluwa. Nyabongo era yayanjula omulwanirizi w’eddembe ly’obuntu Eslanda Goode Robeson mu Uganda mu lugendo lwe ku lukalu lwa Africa mu 1936.<ref name="Matera-2010" /> Mu 1936, bwe yali amaliriza ebbaluwa ku mpisa z’eddiini za Uganda mu [[Queen’s College, Oxford]], era nga wayise omwaka gumu ng’afulumya ekitabo kye ekyasooka "''The Story of an African Chief'' (re-titled ''Africa answers back'' )", Nyabongo yaweereza ebbaluwa eri [[Rabindranath Tagore]] (1861–1941), omuyimbi Omubengali. Ebbaluwa eno yasaba okuvvuunulwa kw’ekitontome ekirimu empisa Tagore kye yayiiya ku Afirika okubunyisa ekiwandiiko ekyo eri Abafirika bonna. Ekitontome kino kyawakanya Benito Mussolini [[okulumba Ethiopia]] (mu kiseera ekyo [[Abyssinia]] ) era ne kivumirira effujjo eryategekebwa amagye ga Bwakabaka bwa Bulaaya ku ssemazinga wa Afirika. Mu kwanukula Tagore Nyabongo, yagondera okusaba kwa Nyabongo. Olw'ebbaluwa eno, amawulire g'e Bungereza aga ''The Spectator'' gaafulumya "To Africa," enkyusa y'Olungereza ey'ekitontome ekyasooka ekyavvuunulwa Tagore nga May 7, 1937.<ref name="Mowtushi-2015" /> === Okwetaba mu byobufuzi === Mu 1945, Akiki Nyabongo yawa omulimu mu Ttabamiruka w’Abafuzi b’amatwale Du Bois ne NAACP gwe baayita mu New York mu Gwokuna 6 ku ttabi lya 135th Street mu tterekero ly’ebitabo erya New York Public Library. Yali mmemba ku kakiiko akasalawo era yayambako okulaga ensonga nnya ezaali ziwagira okulwanyisa obufuzi bw’amatwale (Decolonization) n’enkulaakulana y’amawanga ga Afrika. Ensonga zino zaasindikibwa mu mawulire ag’enjawulo era okukkakkana nga zayanjuddwa mu lukungaana lw’e San Francisco.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sherwood |first=Marika |date=1996 |title="There Is No New Deal for the Blackman in San Francisco": African Attempts to Influence the Founding Conference of the United Nations, April–July, 1945 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/221419 |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=71–94 |doi=10.2307/221419 |issn=0361-7882 |jstor=221419 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Akiki Nyabongo yali mmemba wa maanyi era nga yayamba nnyo mu kibiina ky’abayizi ekya Universal Ethiopian Student’s Association (UESA), ekyatandikibwawo abamanyi abalwanirizi b’eddembe okuva mu Amerika, Caribbeans, ne Africa, mu Harlem, New York, mu 1927. <ref name="Anthony-2014">{{Cite thesis|last=Anthony|first=TaKeia N.|title=Mobilizing Diaspora: The Universal Ethiopian Students' Association, 1927–1948|date=2014|publisher=Howard University|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/1620907442|language=en|access-date=2023-03-17|id={{ProQuest|1620907442}}}}<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref> Mu January 1947, Nyabongo yaweereza ng’omuwandiisi omukulu mu kitabo ekikulu ekya UESA: ''The African: The Journal of African Affairs'' . Obuwandiisi bwe bwali kabonero k’abagezigezi Abaddugavu bonna okufaayo ku mbeera y’ebyobufuzi eyali efuuse ey’okusika omuguwa mu Afrika. Nyabongo yayambako mu kusengulwa kuno bwe yalagira ekitabo kino okussa essira ku byobufuzi bya Afrika. Ekirala, bwe yawandiika okwekenneenya ebitabo ku sikaala z’abavubuka aba Africa abamanyiddwa ennyo ezasemba UESA, nga WEB Du Bois’s ''Black Folk Then and Now'', Nyabongo yagezaako okulwanirira obumu mu bantu b’Abaddugavu bonna. Agenda zombi zaddamu omulanga gw’ekitabo kino ogw’okusumululwa, okuggwaawo kw’obufuzi bwa mawanga, okufuula Abafirika abali mu nsi endala abantu, n’okukulaakulanya amawanga ga Afrika.<ref name="Anthony-2014" /> === Endowooza ye ku byobufuzi === Akiki Nyabongo yalwanirira obumu bw’amawanga n’amadiini. Nyabongo era yali akwatagana n'abakiise mu kibiina kya African Association era n'awagira olulimi olumu wonna, olw'ekuusa ku bwasseruganda, nga tewali "kika kilwanyisa bika" oba "ebiwayi ebiwakanya ebiwayi".<ref name="Sanders-2019">{{Cite journal |last=Sanders |first=Ethan R. |date=2019 |title=James Aggrey and the African Nation: Pan-Africanism, Public Memory, and Political Imagination in Colonial East Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/45281486 |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=52 |issue=3 |pages=399–424 |issn=0361-7882 |jstor=45281486}}</ref> Endowooza eno yakwata butereevu ku mawanga mangi ag’obuvanjuba bwa Afrika nga galina amawanga mangi, omuli ekitongole kya Bungereza ekya Uganda Protectorate n’Obwakabaka bwa Tooro. Ng’aluŋŋamizibwa Dr. [[James Aggrey]] n’enjigiriza ye ku ndaba ye ey'ebintu ku bumu n’okuzingiramu ssemazinga wa Africa yenna, Akiki Nyabongo yayongera okuggumiza nti tewalina kubaawo kuyomba kwa ddiini mu Bannafirika era n’enzikiriza y’eddiini y’omuntu erina okussibwamu ekitiibwa. Yasindiikiriza okuyingiza eddiini mu nteekateeka ze ez’ebyobufuzi. Ku Nyabongo, okuyingiza eddiini mu bantu bonna yali ngeri nkulu nnyo ey’okutumbula obulamu obulungi obw’awamu obwa ssemazinga yenna. Enjawulo eyasangulwa wakati w’embeera z’abantu yaleetawo enjawulo y’Afirika ey’okugabana, nga ewagira okuzuukuka kw’ebyobufuzi mu Afrika yonna.<ref name="Sanders-2019" /> == Ebiwandiiko n’okunoonyereza kwe == Akiki Nyabongo yali muwandiisi era omuwandiisi omujjumbize. Y’omu ku bawandiisi mu Uganda abaasooka okufulumya ekitabo ky’Olungereza,<ref name="Monroe-2022" /> era ye yali omuwandiisi omukulu mu lupapula lwa ''The African'' Magazine ''.''<ref name="Sugirtharajah-2005">{{Cite book |last=Sugirtharajah |first=R.S. |year=2005 |title=The Bible and Empire: Postcolonial Explorations |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9780511614552/type/book |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-53191-7 |edition=1 |doi=10.1017/cbo9780511614552.006}}</ref> Omulimu gwe ogusinga okumanyika gwe kitabo "''Story of an African Chief"'', ekyafulumizibwa mu 1935, ekyaddamu okufulumizibwa mu 1936 wansi w’omutwe "''Africa Answers Back".''<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> Olugero luno olukwata ku bulamu bw’omuntu (semi-autobiographical novel) luteekeddwa mu Buganda era nga lugoberera emboozi y’obulamu bwa Abala Stanley Mujungu: mutabani w’omutaka Omuganda alinnya ku ntebe.<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> Omuzannyi omukulu alwanagana n’endagamuntu ye mu bulamu bwe bwonna, ng’agezaako okutebenkeza empisa enzaalwa ezaasimbibwa bazadde be n’ebikosa [[Obukristaayo]] n’obuwangwa bw’amawanga g’obugwanjuba okuva mu baminsani b’omu kitundu.<ref name="Sugirtharajah-2005" /> Enkola z’okumanya eza Afirika n’Abazungu zikontana enfunda eziwera mu butakkaanya mu kitabo kyonna. Mu kifaananyi ekimu, omuzannyi omukulu, Mujungu, eyaakalondebwa okuba omukulu, asaba omusawo w’omu kitundu okujjanjaba omukono gw’omusajja eyamenyese oluvannyuma lw’okulaba omusawo Omuzungu ng’agusibye ne bandegi.<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> Omusawo Omugirimaani alaga okwewuunya, nga tasobola kutegeera nkola ndala ey’obujjanjabi nga takozesezza bandegi. Abasawo Abagirimaani n’Abangereza basaba okutuula mu bayige engeri omusawo w’omu kitundu gy’agenda okulongoosaamu, nga bakozesa obumanyirivu obwo ng’omukisa gw’okuyiga.<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> Ekifo kino kiraga ekyokulabirako ky’obutuufu bw’enkola z’okumanya ez’obusawo mu Afirika bw’ogeraageranya n’obusawo bw’amawanga g’obugwanjuba; omulamwa Nyabongo gw'aberezaamu mu lunyiriri lwonna.<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> === Enkolagana y'eddiini mu kya ''Africa Answers Back'' === Enkolagana y'eddiini (Religious syncretism), okuyingiza enkola z’eddiini bbiri ezitakwatagana (okugeza, emikolo) mu nkola emu ekwatagana, gwali mulamwa gwa maanyi ogweyolekera mu ''Africa yonna Answers Back'' mu kunnyonnyola okugatta enkola z’eddiini z’Ekikristaayo n’ez’Afirika mu Uganda. Endowooza eno elagibwa ku ntandikwa y’olugero ng’omukulu atuuma mutabani we erinnya, omuzannyi omukulu mu lunyiriri luno Abala Stanley Mujungu. "Abala" lyali linnya lya nnono mu Uganda, so nga Stanley lyasibuka ku mulangira okwagala ennyo omuminsani Omukristaayo ayitibwa Stanley.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|title=The Fissures of Fusion|publisher=Brill|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004489950_018|access-date=2023-03-17|last=Döring|first=Tobias|year=1996|editor-last=Stummer|editor-first=Peter O.|pages=139–152|doi=10.1163/9789004489950_018|isbn=9789004489950|chapter=Fusion of Cultures?|editor2-first=Christopher|editor2-last=Balme|url-access=subscription}}</ref> === Okwaniriza kw'ekitabo kye ekya ''Africa Answers Back'' === ''Africa Answers Back'' y’emu ku bitabo by’Olungereza ebyasooka ebirina endowooza y’Abafirica ku byali byogerwa abafuzi b’amatwale. Omuzannyo guno gutwalibwa nga "ekiwandiiko ekikulu eky'ebiwandiiko bya Afirika eby'oluvannyuma lw'amatwale "Postcolonial literature" " nga guvumirira endowooza z'obuwangwa n'amawanga mu kiseera ekyo ezaali zitambula mu masomo n'abantu.<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> Wadde atenderezebwa okuva mu nsi y’ebiwandiiko, Nyabongo asanga okunenya olw’olugero luno. Omukugu mu by’ebiwandiiko Martina Kopf awoza nti Nyabongo yakwata enkola efaananako n’ebitongole by’amatwale bye yavumirira. Essira yaliteeka ku by’obujjanjabi, ng’omusajja eyalumizibbwa teyayingizibwa mu mboozi ekwata ku bujjanjabi bwe. Wabula, omukulu yakwata enkola okuva waggulu okudda wansi, ng’akozesa okuteebereza n’okusosola okumanyisa okusalawo kwe ku lw’abantu b’oku kyalo kye, okufaananako n’okusalawo okw’ekimpatiira okw’ebitongole by’amatwale.<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> Ekirala, Nyabongo okukozesa ekigambo ‘savage’ mu lunyiriri lwonna kyaleka abamanyi nga Mahruba T. Mowtushi nga babuusabuusa amakulu amabi ag’abantu b’omu kitundu okwawukana ku bantu ‘abakulembeze’.<ref name="Mowtushi-2015" /> Omukenkufu Danson Sylvester Kahyana yawa okwekenneenya okujjuvu ku kitabo kino. Essira yaliteka ku by’obusawo n’agamba nti Akiki Nyabongo okulwanirira okuleeta eddagala ly’amawanga g’obugwanjuba kwalaga enzikiriza ye ey’enjawulo mu buwangwa bw’amawanga g’obugwanjuba obukosa obulungi embeera z’abantu mu Afirika. Naye, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo alwanyisa obufuzi bw’amatwale okusinga alaba ebyenjigiriza by’amawanga g’obugwanjuba ng’okusoomoozebwa eri okuwangaala kw’emisingi, empisa, n’enzikiriza z’Afirika ezikola okumala ebyasa bingi.<ref name="Kahyana-2016" /> === Pulojekiti ze endala === Nyabongo yafulumya ebitabo by’enfumo ebitonotono mu myaka gya 1930. Mu 1937, yafulumya ''Emboozi za Bisoro'' (1937), n’addirira ''Emboozi za Bisoro II'' (1939) <ref name="Matera-2010" /><ref name="Nyabongo-1939">{{Cite book |last=Nyabongo |first=Akiki H.K. |date=1939 |title=Winds and Lights: African Fairy Tales |publisher=New York: The Voice of Ethiopia}}</ref> ''Empewo n'amataala:'' ''Enfumo z'Afirika'' zafulumizibwa mu 1939.<ref name="Nyabongo-1939" /> Nyabongo era yafulumya ekiwandiiko ekitannaba kufulumizibwa, "''Yali the Savage"'', ekyagenderera okwanjula munnakatemba, omuyimbi era omulwanirizi w’eddembe Omumerika Paul Robeson. Ebbago lino kati likuumiddwa mu tterekero ly'ebitabo erya Queen's College erya "The Nyabongo Papers".<ref name="The Queen's College, Oxford" /> Pulojekiti y’omuwandiisi eyasembayo okumanyibwa eyafulumizibwa yali kitabo eky’olulimi [[Olutooro]], ''Oruhenda'', ekyannyonnyola obuwangwa bw’ekitundu ky’e Tooro, ennono, n’olulimi lw’olubiri olw’ekyama.<ref name="Monroe-2022" /> Ng’omukugu mu by’enkula y’abantu eyatendekebwa mu Oxford, Nyabongo lumu yanoonyereza ku ''Ebito'', olulimi lwa Uganda olw’edda olwesigama ku bimuli. Mu kunoonyereza kuno, teyafaayo ku ndagamuntu ye ng’omulwanirizi w’ebyobufuzi mu Afrika yonna kyokka ng’ategeeza kuteesa ku ntambula n’okukwatagana kwa Uganda ey’edda ng’ayita mu nkola z’obuwangwa ezikwatagana. Kyokka Nyabongo yalemererwa okumaliriza okunoonyereza kuno. Pulojekiti eno teyaliimu nsimbi. Ekisinga obukulu, Obwakabaka bwa Tooro bwamusaba addeyo mu Uganda ayambeko mu kuteesa okwefuga okuva ku Bungereza.<ref name="Monroe-2022" /> == Okufa kwe == Akiki Nyabongo yafiira mu ddwaliro e Jinja mu Uganda omwezi nga 2O gwekkumi, 1975, ku myaka 65. Yaleka mukyala we Ada Naomi Nyabongo ne mutabani we Amoti Nyabongo. == Ebitabo bye ebyalondebwa == * ''Emboozi y’Omulangira w’Afirika'' (1935), n’eddamu okufulumizibwa n’etuumibwa erinnya ''lya Africa Answers Back'' (1936);<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> * ''Bisoro I'' (1937); * ''Bisoro II'' (1939);. * ''Empewo n’amataala: Enfumo z’Afirika'' (1939). == Ebikozesebwa mu kutereka ebyafaayo == "Empapula za Nyabongo" tterekero lya Queen's College eririmu emisomo gya Akiki Nyabongo, okuwandiika ebbago, ebitabo ebifulumiziddwa, n'ebifaananyi ebimukwatako. Ettendekero lino lyalonda ebimu ku bikung’aanyiziddwa mu mwoleso omutono mu Gwekkumi wa 2021 okujjukira omwezi gw’ebyafaayo by’abaddugavu.<ref name="The Queen's College, Oxford" /> == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} <references /> == Ebisingawo okusoma == * {{Cite book |last=Nyabongo |first=Akiki H.K. |date=1936 |title=Africa Answers Back |publisher=Routledge & Sons |location=London}} * {{Cite book |last=Nyabongo |first=Akiki H.K. |date=1939 |title=Winds and Lights: African Fairy Tales |publisher=The Voice of Ethiopia |location=New York}} [[Category:Bannayuganda abalwanirizi b'eddembe]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abawandiisi]] [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1907]] [[Category:Abantu abaafa mu 1975]] [[Category:Abaasomerako ku ttendekero lya Howard University]] elnbs3kxh4wk3gsnalx44vi4t4m381w 58545 58543 2026-07-03T14:18:29Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 added a category 58545 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Akiki Hosea Kanyarusoke Nyabongo''' ( c. 1907 – Ogwekkumi 2, 1975) yali munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era omuwandiisi w’ebitabo.<ref name="The New York Times-1975">{{Cite news|date=1975-10-17|title=Akiki Nyabongo, 65, Dies; Writer and Uganda Prince|language=en-US|page=38|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/10/17/archives/akiki-nyabongo-65-dies-writer-and-uganda-prince.html|access-date=2023-03-17|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Yazaalibwa omulangira w’Obukama bwa [[Tooro]] mu Bugwanjuba bwa Uganda era yasomera mu yunivasite mu Amerika ne Bungereza.<ref name="The New York Times-1975" /> Omukugu mu by’enkula y’abantu eyatendekebwa mu Oxford, Nyabongo yalina ebifo by’obusomesa mu Amerika era n’agenda mu maaso n’okunoonyereza ku by’enkula y’abantu.<ref name="Matera-2010">{{Cite journal |last=Matera |first=Marc |date=2010 |title=Colonial Subjects: Black Intellectuals and the Development of Colonial Studies in Britain |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23265207 |journal=Journal of British Studies |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=388–418 |doi=10.1086/649838 |issn=0021-9371 |jstor=23265207 |s2cid=143861344 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Oluvannyuma yakomawo e Uganda, n'ayambako mu kwefuga kwayo okuva ku Bungereza era n'abeerawo okutuusa lwe yafa.<ref name="Monroe-2022">{{Cite journal |last=Monroe |first=Caitlin C. |date=2022-08-01 |title=Searching for Nyabongo |url=https://read.dukeupress.edu/cssaame/article/42/2/389/317247/Searching-for-NyabongoAn-Unconventional-Ugandan |journal=Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East |language=en |volume=42 |issue=2 |pages=389–403 |doi=10.1215/1089201X-9987879 |issn=1089-201X |s2cid=252245781 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Akiki Nyabongo yakolagana n’abalwanirizi b’eddembe ab’enjawulo mu Afrika yonna "pan-African" (nga mw’otwalidde ne [[WEB Du Bois|W.E.B Du Bois]] ne George Padmore ) era n’awagira mu lwatu okuva kwa africa u bufuzi bw'amatwale (African decolonization) n’okukulaakulana mu biwandiiko bye. Ekitabo kye ekyasinga okumanyika ye ''Africa Answers Back'' (1936), ekimu ku bitabo eby’olulimi Olungereza ebyasooka okuwandiikibwa omuwandiisi Munnayuganda.<ref name="Kopf-2019">{{Cite journal |last=Kopf |first=Martina |date=2019 |title=Encountering development in East African fiction |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0021989417707801 |journal=The Journal of Commonwealth Literature |language=en |volume=54 |issue=3 |pages=338 |doi=10.1177/0021989417707801 |issn=0021-9894 |s2cid=157910109 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Omuzannyo guno gwalaba ensonga y’ebyobufuzi n’obuwangwa ekwatagana mu Afrika ey’amatwale (colonial Africa) ng’akabonero k’okukkiriza kwe mu bumu bwa Afirika. Nyabongo yakiikirira okwagala kw'abantu ba bugwanjuba bwa Uganda ( [[Tooro]] ) olw'eddembe ly'ebyobufuzi n'okuwuliza amaloboozi gaabwe mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Kahyana-2016">{{Cite journal |last=Kahyana |first=Danson Sylvester |date=2016-12-31 |title=Depiction of African Indigenous Education in Akiki Nyabongo's Africa Answers Back (1936) |url=https://journals.ukzn.ac.za/index.php/soa/article/view/1363 |journal=Alternation Journal |language=en-US |issue=18 |pages=241–243 |issn=2519-5476}}</ref> == Obuto n’okusoma kwe == [[File:Flag_of_the_Tooro_Kingdom.svg|thumb|Bendera y'Obukama bw'e Tooro]] [[File:Kingdom_of_Toro_(map_of_the_original_kingdom).png|thumb|Maapu y'Obwakabaka bwa Tooro mu Uganda]] Akiki Nyabongo yali mutabani w’omugenzi [[Kyembambe III]], [[Omukama]] ow’Obwakabaka bwa Tooro mu bugwanjuba bwa Uganda. Yazaalibwa mu kibuga Fort Portal e Uganda mu 1907.<ref name="Kahyana-2016" /> Omulangira ono omuto yamaliriza siniya mu King's College e Budo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa. Amasomo g'awaggulu yagasomera ku [[Howard University]] (gye yaggya Diguli Esooka) ne [[Yale]] . Yasomera mu [[Harvard University]] okufuna diguli ye eyookubiri n'eyookusatu oba PhD mu by'obutonde mu [[Queen's College]], ku ttendekkero lya The University of Oxford.<ref name="Matera-2010" /> Mu 1937, ekitongole kya Rhodes Trust kyatandika okuwagira emisomo gye olw’okusoma kwe okwali okulungi eyo.<ref name="Monroe-2022" /> Nyabongo yatikkirwa mu 1939 mu Oxford n'ebbaluwa eyitibwa "''The Religious Practices and Beliefs of Ugandans"'' . Okunoonyereza kuno kwekenneenya mu bujjuvu [[eddiini mu Uganda]], enzikiriza, n’obuwangwa. Kyatenderezebwa ng’ekyokulabirako ky'Okunoonyereza n'okumanya embeera z'obuwangwa (autoetnography) nga kirimu omuwendo gw’eby’ensoma ogutenkanika bulungi.<ref name="The Queen's College, Oxford">{{Cite web |title=Africa Answers Back (exhibition) |url=https://www.queens.ox.ac.uk/exhibitions/africa-answers-back/ |access-date=2023-03-17 |website=The Queen's College, Oxford |language=en-US}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Oluvannyuma lw’okumaliriza diguli ye ey’okusatu (doctorate), okwawukana ku gavumenti y’amatwale ga Bungereza (British colonial government) eyali eyagala okumukomyaawo e Uganda, yasenguka n’abeera mu Brooklyn, ekibuga kya New York, mu 1940. Mu myaka gya 1940, yali pulofeesa mu [[Yunivasite y’e Alabama]] n’oluvannyuma mu [[North Carolina A&T University]] .<ref name="Matera-2010" /> Mu 1957, yakomawo mu Uganda okuyambako mu kuteesa okwefuga okuva ku Bungereza.<ref name="Monroe-2022" /> Mu 1959, Nyabongo yadduka mu Uganda olw'ebyokwerinda. Yatandika okukola nga pulofeesa w’Essomo ly'entabaganya (sociology) n’obuwangwa (culture) mu [[yunivasite y’e Leiden]] e Hague mu Budaaki (Netherlands). Nga 1962 tannatuuka, yakolera ku kakiiko ka ssemateeka akalondoola obwetwaze bwa Uganda. Oluvannyuma Nyabongo yeesimbawo ku bwa nnamunigina ku kifo kya palamenti mu bukiikaddyo bwa Tooro, ekitundu ekiriraanye ekibuga kye Fort Portal n’awangulwa. Nyabongo emirimu gye gyonna yagimala mu Uganda, nga ssentebe w’akakiiko ka gavumenti ya Uganda akategeka ebibuga n’ensi okutuusa lwe yafa mu 1975.<ref name="Monroe-2022" /> == Okulwanirira ebyobufuzi == === Okukwatagana kwe n’abalwanirizi b’eddembe === [[File:Flag_of_the_UNIA.svg|thumb|"Bendera y'obumu mu mawanga ga Africa" eyatondebwawo ekibiina ekigatta abaddugavu ekya Universal Negro Improvement Association ne African Communities League]] Nyabongo yabeeranga mu bulamu obw’ensi yonna (global life). Yakolagana n’[[abalwanirizi b’eddembe ly’obuntu]] abamanyiddwa era n’agabana emirimu gye yawandiika mu Uganda, America, n'Obugwanjuba bwa Bulaaya. Yabeeranga era n’akolagana ne George Padmore era n’akolagana ne W.E.B Du Bois ku pulojekiti ya "latter's abortive project, ''Encyclopedia of the Negro''". Nyabongo yasomooza obufuzi bw’amatwale era n’ayongera emboozi ezikwata ku nkola y’ensi yonna (Internationalism) ey’Abaddugavu ng’ayita mu bitabo bino, enkolagana, n’ebbaluwa. Nyabongo era yayanjula omulwanirizi w’eddembe ly’obuntu Eslanda Goode Robeson mu Uganda mu lugendo lwe ku lukalu lwa Africa mu 1936.<ref name="Matera-2010" /> Mu 1936, bwe yali amaliriza ebbaluwa ku mpisa z’eddiini za Uganda mu [[Queen’s College, Oxford]], era nga wayise omwaka gumu ng’afulumya ekitabo kye ekyasooka "''The Story of an African Chief'' (re-titled ''Africa answers back'' )", Nyabongo yaweereza ebbaluwa eri [[Rabindranath Tagore]] (1861–1941), omuyimbi Omubengali. Ebbaluwa eno yasaba okuvvuunulwa kw’ekitontome ekirimu empisa Tagore kye yayiiya ku Afirika okubunyisa ekiwandiiko ekyo eri Abafirika bonna. Ekitontome kino kyawakanya Benito Mussolini [[okulumba Ethiopia]] (mu kiseera ekyo [[Abyssinia]] ) era ne kivumirira effujjo eryategekebwa amagye ga Bwakabaka bwa Bulaaya ku ssemazinga wa Afirika. Mu kwanukula Tagore Nyabongo, yagondera okusaba kwa Nyabongo. Olw'ebbaluwa eno, amawulire g'e Bungereza aga ''The Spectator'' gaafulumya "To Africa," enkyusa y'Olungereza ey'ekitontome ekyasooka ekyavvuunulwa Tagore nga May 7, 1937.<ref name="Mowtushi-2015" /> === Okwetaba mu byobufuzi === Mu 1945, Akiki Nyabongo yawa omulimu mu Ttabamiruka w’Abafuzi b’amatwale Du Bois ne NAACP gwe baayita mu New York mu Gwokuna 6 ku ttabi lya 135th Street mu tterekero ly’ebitabo erya New York Public Library. Yali mmemba ku kakiiko akasalawo era yayambako okulaga ensonga nnya ezaali ziwagira okulwanyisa obufuzi bw’amatwale (Decolonization) n’enkulaakulana y’amawanga ga Afrika. Ensonga zino zaasindikibwa mu mawulire ag’enjawulo era okukkakkana nga zayanjuddwa mu lukungaana lw’e San Francisco.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sherwood |first=Marika |date=1996 |title="There Is No New Deal for the Blackman in San Francisco": African Attempts to Influence the Founding Conference of the United Nations, April–July, 1945 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/221419 |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=71–94 |doi=10.2307/221419 |issn=0361-7882 |jstor=221419 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Akiki Nyabongo yali mmemba wa maanyi era nga yayamba nnyo mu kibiina ky’abayizi ekya Universal Ethiopian Student’s Association (UESA), ekyatandikibwawo abamanyi abalwanirizi b’eddembe okuva mu Amerika, Caribbeans, ne Africa, mu Harlem, New York, mu 1927. <ref name="Anthony-2014">{{Cite thesis|last=Anthony|first=TaKeia N.|title=Mobilizing Diaspora: The Universal Ethiopian Students' Association, 1927–1948|date=2014|publisher=Howard University|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/1620907442|language=en|access-date=2023-03-17|id={{ProQuest|1620907442}}}}<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref> Mu January 1947, Nyabongo yaweereza ng’omuwandiisi omukulu mu kitabo ekikulu ekya UESA: ''The African: The Journal of African Affairs'' . Obuwandiisi bwe bwali kabonero k’abagezigezi Abaddugavu bonna okufaayo ku mbeera y’ebyobufuzi eyali efuuse ey’okusika omuguwa mu Afrika. Nyabongo yayambako mu kusengulwa kuno bwe yalagira ekitabo kino okussa essira ku byobufuzi bya Afrika. Ekirala, bwe yawandiika okwekenneenya ebitabo ku sikaala z’abavubuka aba Africa abamanyiddwa ennyo ezasemba UESA, nga WEB Du Bois’s ''Black Folk Then and Now'', Nyabongo yagezaako okulwanirira obumu mu bantu b’Abaddugavu bonna. Agenda zombi zaddamu omulanga gw’ekitabo kino ogw’okusumululwa, okuggwaawo kw’obufuzi bwa mawanga, okufuula Abafirika abali mu nsi endala abantu, n’okukulaakulanya amawanga ga Afrika.<ref name="Anthony-2014" /> === Endowooza ye ku byobufuzi === Akiki Nyabongo yalwanirira obumu bw’amawanga n’amadiini. Nyabongo era yali akwatagana n'abakiise mu kibiina kya African Association era n'awagira olulimi olumu wonna, olw'ekuusa ku bwasseruganda, nga tewali "kika kilwanyisa bika" oba "ebiwayi ebiwakanya ebiwayi".<ref name="Sanders-2019">{{Cite journal |last=Sanders |first=Ethan R. |date=2019 |title=James Aggrey and the African Nation: Pan-Africanism, Public Memory, and Political Imagination in Colonial East Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/45281486 |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=52 |issue=3 |pages=399–424 |issn=0361-7882 |jstor=45281486}}</ref> Endowooza eno yakwata butereevu ku mawanga mangi ag’obuvanjuba bwa Afrika nga galina amawanga mangi, omuli ekitongole kya Bungereza ekya Uganda Protectorate n’Obwakabaka bwa Tooro. Ng’aluŋŋamizibwa Dr. [[James Aggrey]] n’enjigiriza ye ku ndaba ye ey'ebintu ku bumu n’okuzingiramu ssemazinga wa Africa yenna, Akiki Nyabongo yayongera okuggumiza nti tewalina kubaawo kuyomba kwa ddiini mu Bannafirika era n’enzikiriza y’eddiini y’omuntu erina okussibwamu ekitiibwa. Yasindiikiriza okuyingiza eddiini mu nteekateeka ze ez’ebyobufuzi. Ku Nyabongo, okuyingiza eddiini mu bantu bonna yali ngeri nkulu nnyo ey’okutumbula obulamu obulungi obw’awamu obwa ssemazinga yenna. Enjawulo eyasangulwa wakati w’embeera z’abantu yaleetawo enjawulo y’Afirika ey’okugabana, nga ewagira okuzuukuka kw’ebyobufuzi mu Afrika yonna.<ref name="Sanders-2019" /> == Ebiwandiiko n’okunoonyereza kwe == Akiki Nyabongo yali muwandiisi era omuwandiisi omujjumbize. Y’omu ku bawandiisi mu Uganda abaasooka okufulumya ekitabo ky’Olungereza,<ref name="Monroe-2022" /> era ye yali omuwandiisi omukulu mu lupapula lwa ''The African'' Magazine ''.''<ref name="Sugirtharajah-2005">{{Cite book |last=Sugirtharajah |first=R.S. |year=2005 |title=The Bible and Empire: Postcolonial Explorations |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9780511614552/type/book |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-53191-7 |edition=1 |doi=10.1017/cbo9780511614552.006}}</ref> Omulimu gwe ogusinga okumanyika gwe kitabo "''Story of an African Chief"'', ekyafulumizibwa mu 1935, ekyaddamu okufulumizibwa mu 1936 wansi w’omutwe "''Africa Answers Back".''<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> Olugero luno olukwata ku bulamu bw’omuntu (semi-autobiographical novel) luteekeddwa mu Buganda era nga lugoberera emboozi y’obulamu bwa Abala Stanley Mujungu: mutabani w’omutaka Omuganda alinnya ku ntebe.<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> Omuzannyi omukulu alwanagana n’endagamuntu ye mu bulamu bwe bwonna, ng’agezaako okutebenkeza empisa enzaalwa ezaasimbibwa bazadde be n’ebikosa [[Obukristaayo]] n’obuwangwa bw’amawanga g’obugwanjuba okuva mu baminsani b’omu kitundu.<ref name="Sugirtharajah-2005" /> Enkola z’okumanya eza Afirika n’Abazungu zikontana enfunda eziwera mu butakkaanya mu kitabo kyonna. Mu kifaananyi ekimu, omuzannyi omukulu, Mujungu, eyaakalondebwa okuba omukulu, asaba omusawo w’omu kitundu okujjanjaba omukono gw’omusajja eyamenyese oluvannyuma lw’okulaba omusawo Omuzungu ng’agusibye ne bandegi.<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> Omusawo Omugirimaani alaga okwewuunya, nga tasobola kutegeera nkola ndala ey’obujjanjabi nga takozesezza bandegi. Abasawo Abagirimaani n’Abangereza basaba okutuula mu bayige engeri omusawo w’omu kitundu gy’agenda okulongoosaamu, nga bakozesa obumanyirivu obwo ng’omukisa gw’okuyiga.<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> Ekifo kino kiraga ekyokulabirako ky’obutuufu bw’enkola z’okumanya ez’obusawo mu Afirika bw’ogeraageranya n’obusawo bw’amawanga g’obugwanjuba; omulamwa Nyabongo gw'aberezaamu mu lunyiriri lwonna.<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> === Enkolagana y'eddiini mu kya ''Africa Answers Back'' === Enkolagana y'eddiini (Religious syncretism), okuyingiza enkola z’eddiini bbiri ezitakwatagana (okugeza, emikolo) mu nkola emu ekwatagana, gwali mulamwa gwa maanyi ogweyolekera mu ''Africa yonna Answers Back'' mu kunnyonnyola okugatta enkola z’eddiini z’Ekikristaayo n’ez’Afirika mu Uganda. Endowooza eno elagibwa ku ntandikwa y’olugero ng’omukulu atuuma mutabani we erinnya, omuzannyi omukulu mu lunyiriri luno Abala Stanley Mujungu. "Abala" lyali linnya lya nnono mu Uganda, so nga Stanley lyasibuka ku mulangira okwagala ennyo omuminsani Omukristaayo ayitibwa Stanley.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|title=The Fissures of Fusion|publisher=Brill|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004489950_018|access-date=2023-03-17|last=Döring|first=Tobias|year=1996|editor-last=Stummer|editor-first=Peter O.|pages=139–152|doi=10.1163/9789004489950_018|isbn=9789004489950|chapter=Fusion of Cultures?|editor2-first=Christopher|editor2-last=Balme|url-access=subscription}}</ref> === Okwaniriza kw'ekitabo kye ekya ''Africa Answers Back'' === ''Africa Answers Back'' y’emu ku bitabo by’Olungereza ebyasooka ebirina endowooza y’Abafirica ku byali byogerwa abafuzi b’amatwale. Omuzannyo guno gutwalibwa nga "ekiwandiiko ekikulu eky'ebiwandiiko bya Afirika eby'oluvannyuma lw'amatwale "Postcolonial literature" " nga guvumirira endowooza z'obuwangwa n'amawanga mu kiseera ekyo ezaali zitambula mu masomo n'abantu.<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> Wadde atenderezebwa okuva mu nsi y’ebiwandiiko, Nyabongo asanga okunenya olw’olugero luno. Omukugu mu by’ebiwandiiko Martina Kopf awoza nti Nyabongo yakwata enkola efaananako n’ebitongole by’amatwale bye yavumirira. Essira yaliteeka ku by’obujjanjabi, ng’omusajja eyalumizibbwa teyayingizibwa mu mboozi ekwata ku bujjanjabi bwe. Wabula, omukulu yakwata enkola okuva waggulu okudda wansi, ng’akozesa okuteebereza n’okusosola okumanyisa okusalawo kwe ku lw’abantu b’oku kyalo kye, okufaananako n’okusalawo okw’ekimpatiira okw’ebitongole by’amatwale.<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> Ekirala, Nyabongo okukozesa ekigambo ‘savage’ mu lunyiriri lwonna kyaleka abamanyi nga Mahruba T. Mowtushi nga babuusabuusa amakulu amabi ag’abantu b’omu kitundu okwawukana ku bantu ‘abakulembeze’.<ref name="Mowtushi-2015" /> Omukenkufu Danson Sylvester Kahyana yawa okwekenneenya okujjuvu ku kitabo kino. Essira yaliteka ku by’obusawo n’agamba nti Akiki Nyabongo okulwanirira okuleeta eddagala ly’amawanga g’obugwanjuba kwalaga enzikiriza ye ey’enjawulo mu buwangwa bw’amawanga g’obugwanjuba obukosa obulungi embeera z’abantu mu Afirika. Naye, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo alwanyisa obufuzi bw’amatwale okusinga alaba ebyenjigiriza by’amawanga g’obugwanjuba ng’okusoomoozebwa eri okuwangaala kw’emisingi, empisa, n’enzikiriza z’Afirika ezikola okumala ebyasa bingi.<ref name="Kahyana-2016" /> === Pulojekiti ze endala === Nyabongo yafulumya ebitabo by’enfumo ebitonotono mu myaka gya 1930. Mu 1937, yafulumya ''Emboozi za Bisoro'' (1937), n’addirira ''Emboozi za Bisoro II'' (1939) <ref name="Matera-2010" /><ref name="Nyabongo-1939">{{Cite book |last=Nyabongo |first=Akiki H.K. |date=1939 |title=Winds and Lights: African Fairy Tales |publisher=New York: The Voice of Ethiopia}}</ref> ''Empewo n'amataala:'' ''Enfumo z'Afirika'' zafulumizibwa mu 1939.<ref name="Nyabongo-1939" /> Nyabongo era yafulumya ekiwandiiko ekitannaba kufulumizibwa, "''Yali the Savage"'', ekyagenderera okwanjula munnakatemba, omuyimbi era omulwanirizi w’eddembe Omumerika Paul Robeson. Ebbago lino kati likuumiddwa mu tterekero ly'ebitabo erya Queen's College erya "The Nyabongo Papers".<ref name="The Queen's College, Oxford" /> Pulojekiti y’omuwandiisi eyasembayo okumanyibwa eyafulumizibwa yali kitabo eky’olulimi [[Olutooro]], ''Oruhenda'', ekyannyonnyola obuwangwa bw’ekitundu ky’e Tooro, ennono, n’olulimi lw’olubiri olw’ekyama.<ref name="Monroe-2022" /> Ng’omukugu mu by’enkula y’abantu eyatendekebwa mu Oxford, Nyabongo lumu yanoonyereza ku ''Ebito'', olulimi lwa Uganda olw’edda olwesigama ku bimuli. Mu kunoonyereza kuno, teyafaayo ku ndagamuntu ye ng’omulwanirizi w’ebyobufuzi mu Afrika yonna kyokka ng’ategeeza kuteesa ku ntambula n’okukwatagana kwa Uganda ey’edda ng’ayita mu nkola z’obuwangwa ezikwatagana. Kyokka Nyabongo yalemererwa okumaliriza okunoonyereza kuno. Pulojekiti eno teyaliimu nsimbi. Ekisinga obukulu, Obwakabaka bwa Tooro bwamusaba addeyo mu Uganda ayambeko mu kuteesa okwefuga okuva ku Bungereza.<ref name="Monroe-2022" /> == Okufa kwe == Akiki Nyabongo yafiira mu ddwaliro e Jinja mu Uganda omwezi nga 2O gwekkumi, 1975, ku myaka 65. Yaleka mukyala we Ada Naomi Nyabongo ne mutabani we Amoti Nyabongo. == Ebitabo bye ebyalondebwa == * ''Emboozi y’Omulangira w’Afirika'' (1935), n’eddamu okufulumizibwa n’etuumibwa erinnya ''lya Africa Answers Back'' (1936);<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> * ''Bisoro I'' (1937); * ''Bisoro II'' (1939);. * ''Empewo n’amataala: Enfumo z’Afirika'' (1939). == Ebikozesebwa mu kutereka ebyafaayo == "Empapula za Nyabongo" tterekero lya Queen's College eririmu emisomo gya Akiki Nyabongo, okuwandiika ebbago, ebitabo ebifulumiziddwa, n'ebifaananyi ebimukwatako. Ettendekero lino lyalonda ebimu ku bikung’aanyiziddwa mu mwoleso omutono mu Gwekkumi wa 2021 okujjukira omwezi gw’ebyafaayo by’abaddugavu.<ref name="The Queen's College, Oxford" /> == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} <references /> == Ebisingawo okusoma == * {{Cite book |last=Nyabongo |first=Akiki H.K. |date=1936 |title=Africa Answers Back |publisher=Routledge & Sons |location=London}} * {{Cite book |last=Nyabongo |first=Akiki H.K. |date=1939 |title=Winds and Lights: African Fairy Tales |publisher=The Voice of Ethiopia |location=New York}} [[Category:Bannayuganda abalwanirizi b'eddembe]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abawandiisi]] [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1907]] [[Category:Abantu abaafa mu 1975]] [[Category:Abaasomerako ku ttendekero lya Howard University]] [[Category:Abaasomerako ku Harvard University]] 4wd6n7fdv3ai95vopsuk6u8x8ulrpns 58550 58545 2026-07-03T14:41:23Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 added a category 58550 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Akiki Hosea Kanyarusoke Nyabongo''' ( c. 1907 – Ogwekkumi 2, 1975) yali munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era omuwandiisi w’ebitabo.<ref name="The New York Times-1975">{{Cite news|date=1975-10-17|title=Akiki Nyabongo, 65, Dies; Writer and Uganda Prince|language=en-US|page=38|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/10/17/archives/akiki-nyabongo-65-dies-writer-and-uganda-prince.html|access-date=2023-03-17|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Yazaalibwa omulangira w’Obukama bwa [[Tooro]] mu Bugwanjuba bwa Uganda era yasomera mu yunivasite mu Amerika ne Bungereza.<ref name="The New York Times-1975" /> Omukugu mu by’enkula y’abantu eyatendekebwa mu Oxford, Nyabongo yalina ebifo by’obusomesa mu Amerika era n’agenda mu maaso n’okunoonyereza ku by’enkula y’abantu.<ref name="Matera-2010">{{Cite journal |last=Matera |first=Marc |date=2010 |title=Colonial Subjects: Black Intellectuals and the Development of Colonial Studies in Britain |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23265207 |journal=Journal of British Studies |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=388–418 |doi=10.1086/649838 |issn=0021-9371 |jstor=23265207 |s2cid=143861344 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Oluvannyuma yakomawo e Uganda, n'ayambako mu kwefuga kwayo okuva ku Bungereza era n'abeerawo okutuusa lwe yafa.<ref name="Monroe-2022">{{Cite journal |last=Monroe |first=Caitlin C. |date=2022-08-01 |title=Searching for Nyabongo |url=https://read.dukeupress.edu/cssaame/article/42/2/389/317247/Searching-for-NyabongoAn-Unconventional-Ugandan |journal=Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East |language=en |volume=42 |issue=2 |pages=389–403 |doi=10.1215/1089201X-9987879 |issn=1089-201X |s2cid=252245781 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Akiki Nyabongo yakolagana n’abalwanirizi b’eddembe ab’enjawulo mu Afrika yonna "pan-African" (nga mw’otwalidde ne [[WEB Du Bois|W.E.B Du Bois]] ne George Padmore ) era n’awagira mu lwatu okuva kwa africa u bufuzi bw'amatwale (African decolonization) n’okukulaakulana mu biwandiiko bye. Ekitabo kye ekyasinga okumanyika ye ''Africa Answers Back'' (1936), ekimu ku bitabo eby’olulimi Olungereza ebyasooka okuwandiikibwa omuwandiisi Munnayuganda.<ref name="Kopf-2019">{{Cite journal |last=Kopf |first=Martina |date=2019 |title=Encountering development in East African fiction |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0021989417707801 |journal=The Journal of Commonwealth Literature |language=en |volume=54 |issue=3 |pages=338 |doi=10.1177/0021989417707801 |issn=0021-9894 |s2cid=157910109 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Omuzannyo guno gwalaba ensonga y’ebyobufuzi n’obuwangwa ekwatagana mu Afrika ey’amatwale (colonial Africa) ng’akabonero k’okukkiriza kwe mu bumu bwa Afirika. Nyabongo yakiikirira okwagala kw'abantu ba bugwanjuba bwa Uganda ( [[Tooro]] ) olw'eddembe ly'ebyobufuzi n'okuwuliza amaloboozi gaabwe mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Kahyana-2016">{{Cite journal |last=Kahyana |first=Danson Sylvester |date=2016-12-31 |title=Depiction of African Indigenous Education in Akiki Nyabongo's Africa Answers Back (1936) |url=https://journals.ukzn.ac.za/index.php/soa/article/view/1363 |journal=Alternation Journal |language=en-US |issue=18 |pages=241–243 |issn=2519-5476}}</ref> == Obuto n’okusoma kwe == [[File:Flag_of_the_Tooro_Kingdom.svg|thumb|Bendera y'Obukama bw'e Tooro]] [[File:Kingdom_of_Toro_(map_of_the_original_kingdom).png|thumb|Maapu y'Obwakabaka bwa Tooro mu Uganda]] Akiki Nyabongo yali mutabani w’omugenzi [[Kyembambe III]], [[Omukama]] ow’Obwakabaka bwa Tooro mu bugwanjuba bwa Uganda. Yazaalibwa mu kibuga Fort Portal e Uganda mu 1907.<ref name="Kahyana-2016" /> Omulangira ono omuto yamaliriza siniya mu King's College e Budo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa. Amasomo g'awaggulu yagasomera ku [[Howard University]] (gye yaggya Diguli Esooka) ne [[Yale]] . Yasomera mu [[Harvard University]] okufuna diguli ye eyookubiri n'eyookusatu oba PhD mu by'obutonde mu [[Queen's College]], ku ttendekkero lya The University of Oxford.<ref name="Matera-2010" /> Mu 1937, ekitongole kya Rhodes Trust kyatandika okuwagira emisomo gye olw’okusoma kwe okwali okulungi eyo.<ref name="Monroe-2022" /> Nyabongo yatikkirwa mu 1939 mu Oxford n'ebbaluwa eyitibwa "''The Religious Practices and Beliefs of Ugandans"'' . Okunoonyereza kuno kwekenneenya mu bujjuvu [[eddiini mu Uganda]], enzikiriza, n’obuwangwa. Kyatenderezebwa ng’ekyokulabirako ky'Okunoonyereza n'okumanya embeera z'obuwangwa (autoetnography) nga kirimu omuwendo gw’eby’ensoma ogutenkanika bulungi.<ref name="The Queen's College, Oxford">{{Cite web |title=Africa Answers Back (exhibition) |url=https://www.queens.ox.ac.uk/exhibitions/africa-answers-back/ |access-date=2023-03-17 |website=The Queen's College, Oxford |language=en-US}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Oluvannyuma lw’okumaliriza diguli ye ey’okusatu (doctorate), okwawukana ku gavumenti y’amatwale ga Bungereza (British colonial government) eyali eyagala okumukomyaawo e Uganda, yasenguka n’abeera mu Brooklyn, ekibuga kya New York, mu 1940. Mu myaka gya 1940, yali pulofeesa mu [[Yunivasite y’e Alabama]] n’oluvannyuma mu [[North Carolina A&T University]] .<ref name="Matera-2010" /> Mu 1957, yakomawo mu Uganda okuyambako mu kuteesa okwefuga okuva ku Bungereza.<ref name="Monroe-2022" /> Mu 1959, Nyabongo yadduka mu Uganda olw'ebyokwerinda. Yatandika okukola nga pulofeesa w’Essomo ly'entabaganya (sociology) n’obuwangwa (culture) mu [[yunivasite y’e Leiden]] e Hague mu Budaaki (Netherlands). Nga 1962 tannatuuka, yakolera ku kakiiko ka ssemateeka akalondoola obwetwaze bwa Uganda. Oluvannyuma Nyabongo yeesimbawo ku bwa nnamunigina ku kifo kya palamenti mu bukiikaddyo bwa Tooro, ekitundu ekiriraanye ekibuga kye Fort Portal n’awangulwa. Nyabongo emirimu gye gyonna yagimala mu Uganda, nga ssentebe w’akakiiko ka gavumenti ya Uganda akategeka ebibuga n’ensi okutuusa lwe yafa mu 1975.<ref name="Monroe-2022" /> == Okulwanirira ebyobufuzi == === Okukwatagana kwe n’abalwanirizi b’eddembe === [[File:Flag_of_the_UNIA.svg|thumb|"Bendera y'obumu mu mawanga ga Africa" eyatondebwawo ekibiina ekigatta abaddugavu ekya Universal Negro Improvement Association ne African Communities League]] Nyabongo yabeeranga mu bulamu obw’ensi yonna (global life). Yakolagana n’[[abalwanirizi b’eddembe ly’obuntu]] abamanyiddwa era n’agabana emirimu gye yawandiika mu Uganda, America, n'Obugwanjuba bwa Bulaaya. Yabeeranga era n’akolagana ne George Padmore era n’akolagana ne W.E.B Du Bois ku pulojekiti ya "latter's abortive project, ''Encyclopedia of the Negro''". Nyabongo yasomooza obufuzi bw’amatwale era n’ayongera emboozi ezikwata ku nkola y’ensi yonna (Internationalism) ey’Abaddugavu ng’ayita mu bitabo bino, enkolagana, n’ebbaluwa. Nyabongo era yayanjula omulwanirizi w’eddembe ly’obuntu Eslanda Goode Robeson mu Uganda mu lugendo lwe ku lukalu lwa Africa mu 1936.<ref name="Matera-2010" /> Mu 1936, bwe yali amaliriza ebbaluwa ku mpisa z’eddiini za Uganda mu [[Queen’s College, Oxford]], era nga wayise omwaka gumu ng’afulumya ekitabo kye ekyasooka "''The Story of an African Chief'' (re-titled ''Africa answers back'' )", Nyabongo yaweereza ebbaluwa eri [[Rabindranath Tagore]] (1861–1941), omuyimbi Omubengali. Ebbaluwa eno yasaba okuvvuunulwa kw’ekitontome ekirimu empisa Tagore kye yayiiya ku Afirika okubunyisa ekiwandiiko ekyo eri Abafirika bonna. Ekitontome kino kyawakanya Benito Mussolini [[okulumba Ethiopia]] (mu kiseera ekyo [[Abyssinia]] ) era ne kivumirira effujjo eryategekebwa amagye ga Bwakabaka bwa Bulaaya ku ssemazinga wa Afirika. Mu kwanukula Tagore Nyabongo, yagondera okusaba kwa Nyabongo. Olw'ebbaluwa eno, amawulire g'e Bungereza aga ''The Spectator'' gaafulumya "To Africa," enkyusa y'Olungereza ey'ekitontome ekyasooka ekyavvuunulwa Tagore nga May 7, 1937.<ref name="Mowtushi-2015" /> === Okwetaba mu byobufuzi === Mu 1945, Akiki Nyabongo yawa omulimu mu Ttabamiruka w’Abafuzi b’amatwale Du Bois ne NAACP gwe baayita mu New York mu Gwokuna 6 ku ttabi lya 135th Street mu tterekero ly’ebitabo erya New York Public Library. Yali mmemba ku kakiiko akasalawo era yayambako okulaga ensonga nnya ezaali ziwagira okulwanyisa obufuzi bw’amatwale (Decolonization) n’enkulaakulana y’amawanga ga Afrika. Ensonga zino zaasindikibwa mu mawulire ag’enjawulo era okukkakkana nga zayanjuddwa mu lukungaana lw’e San Francisco.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sherwood |first=Marika |date=1996 |title="There Is No New Deal for the Blackman in San Francisco": African Attempts to Influence the Founding Conference of the United Nations, April–July, 1945 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/221419 |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=71–94 |doi=10.2307/221419 |issn=0361-7882 |jstor=221419 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Akiki Nyabongo yali mmemba wa maanyi era nga yayamba nnyo mu kibiina ky’abayizi ekya Universal Ethiopian Student’s Association (UESA), ekyatandikibwawo abamanyi abalwanirizi b’eddembe okuva mu Amerika, Caribbeans, ne Africa, mu Harlem, New York, mu 1927. <ref name="Anthony-2014">{{Cite thesis|last=Anthony|first=TaKeia N.|title=Mobilizing Diaspora: The Universal Ethiopian Students' Association, 1927–1948|date=2014|publisher=Howard University|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/1620907442|language=en|access-date=2023-03-17|id={{ProQuest|1620907442}}}}<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref> Mu January 1947, Nyabongo yaweereza ng’omuwandiisi omukulu mu kitabo ekikulu ekya UESA: ''The African: The Journal of African Affairs'' . Obuwandiisi bwe bwali kabonero k’abagezigezi Abaddugavu bonna okufaayo ku mbeera y’ebyobufuzi eyali efuuse ey’okusika omuguwa mu Afrika. Nyabongo yayambako mu kusengulwa kuno bwe yalagira ekitabo kino okussa essira ku byobufuzi bya Afrika. Ekirala, bwe yawandiika okwekenneenya ebitabo ku sikaala z’abavubuka aba Africa abamanyiddwa ennyo ezasemba UESA, nga WEB Du Bois’s ''Black Folk Then and Now'', Nyabongo yagezaako okulwanirira obumu mu bantu b’Abaddugavu bonna. Agenda zombi zaddamu omulanga gw’ekitabo kino ogw’okusumululwa, okuggwaawo kw’obufuzi bwa mawanga, okufuula Abafirika abali mu nsi endala abantu, n’okukulaakulanya amawanga ga Afrika.<ref name="Anthony-2014" /> === Endowooza ye ku byobufuzi === Akiki Nyabongo yalwanirira obumu bw’amawanga n’amadiini. Nyabongo era yali akwatagana n'abakiise mu kibiina kya African Association era n'awagira olulimi olumu wonna, olw'ekuusa ku bwasseruganda, nga tewali "kika kilwanyisa bika" oba "ebiwayi ebiwakanya ebiwayi".<ref name="Sanders-2019">{{Cite journal |last=Sanders |first=Ethan R. |date=2019 |title=James Aggrey and the African Nation: Pan-Africanism, Public Memory, and Political Imagination in Colonial East Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/45281486 |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=52 |issue=3 |pages=399–424 |issn=0361-7882 |jstor=45281486}}</ref> Endowooza eno yakwata butereevu ku mawanga mangi ag’obuvanjuba bwa Afrika nga galina amawanga mangi, omuli ekitongole kya Bungereza ekya Uganda Protectorate n’Obwakabaka bwa Tooro. Ng’aluŋŋamizibwa Dr. [[James Aggrey]] n’enjigiriza ye ku ndaba ye ey'ebintu ku bumu n’okuzingiramu ssemazinga wa Africa yenna, Akiki Nyabongo yayongera okuggumiza nti tewalina kubaawo kuyomba kwa ddiini mu Bannafirika era n’enzikiriza y’eddiini y’omuntu erina okussibwamu ekitiibwa. Yasindiikiriza okuyingiza eddiini mu nteekateeka ze ez’ebyobufuzi. Ku Nyabongo, okuyingiza eddiini mu bantu bonna yali ngeri nkulu nnyo ey’okutumbula obulamu obulungi obw’awamu obwa ssemazinga yenna. Enjawulo eyasangulwa wakati w’embeera z’abantu yaleetawo enjawulo y’Afirika ey’okugabana, nga ewagira okuzuukuka kw’ebyobufuzi mu Afrika yonna.<ref name="Sanders-2019" /> == Ebiwandiiko n’okunoonyereza kwe == Akiki Nyabongo yali muwandiisi era omuwandiisi omujjumbize. Y’omu ku bawandiisi mu Uganda abaasooka okufulumya ekitabo ky’Olungereza,<ref name="Monroe-2022" /> era ye yali omuwandiisi omukulu mu lupapula lwa ''The African'' Magazine ''.''<ref name="Sugirtharajah-2005">{{Cite book |last=Sugirtharajah |first=R.S. |year=2005 |title=The Bible and Empire: Postcolonial Explorations |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9780511614552/type/book |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-53191-7 |edition=1 |doi=10.1017/cbo9780511614552.006}}</ref> Omulimu gwe ogusinga okumanyika gwe kitabo "''Story of an African Chief"'', ekyafulumizibwa mu 1935, ekyaddamu okufulumizibwa mu 1936 wansi w’omutwe "''Africa Answers Back".''<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> Olugero luno olukwata ku bulamu bw’omuntu (semi-autobiographical novel) luteekeddwa mu Buganda era nga lugoberera emboozi y’obulamu bwa Abala Stanley Mujungu: mutabani w’omutaka Omuganda alinnya ku ntebe.<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> Omuzannyi omukulu alwanagana n’endagamuntu ye mu bulamu bwe bwonna, ng’agezaako okutebenkeza empisa enzaalwa ezaasimbibwa bazadde be n’ebikosa [[Obukristaayo]] n’obuwangwa bw’amawanga g’obugwanjuba okuva mu baminsani b’omu kitundu.<ref name="Sugirtharajah-2005" /> Enkola z’okumanya eza Afirika n’Abazungu zikontana enfunda eziwera mu butakkaanya mu kitabo kyonna. Mu kifaananyi ekimu, omuzannyi omukulu, Mujungu, eyaakalondebwa okuba omukulu, asaba omusawo w’omu kitundu okujjanjaba omukono gw’omusajja eyamenyese oluvannyuma lw’okulaba omusawo Omuzungu ng’agusibye ne bandegi.<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> Omusawo Omugirimaani alaga okwewuunya, nga tasobola kutegeera nkola ndala ey’obujjanjabi nga takozesezza bandegi. Abasawo Abagirimaani n’Abangereza basaba okutuula mu bayige engeri omusawo w’omu kitundu gy’agenda okulongoosaamu, nga bakozesa obumanyirivu obwo ng’omukisa gw’okuyiga.<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> Ekifo kino kiraga ekyokulabirako ky’obutuufu bw’enkola z’okumanya ez’obusawo mu Afirika bw’ogeraageranya n’obusawo bw’amawanga g’obugwanjuba; omulamwa Nyabongo gw'aberezaamu mu lunyiriri lwonna.<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> === Enkolagana y'eddiini mu kya ''Africa Answers Back'' === Enkolagana y'eddiini (Religious syncretism), okuyingiza enkola z’eddiini bbiri ezitakwatagana (okugeza, emikolo) mu nkola emu ekwatagana, gwali mulamwa gwa maanyi ogweyolekera mu ''Africa yonna Answers Back'' mu kunnyonnyola okugatta enkola z’eddiini z’Ekikristaayo n’ez’Afirika mu Uganda. Endowooza eno elagibwa ku ntandikwa y’olugero ng’omukulu atuuma mutabani we erinnya, omuzannyi omukulu mu lunyiriri luno Abala Stanley Mujungu. "Abala" lyali linnya lya nnono mu Uganda, so nga Stanley lyasibuka ku mulangira okwagala ennyo omuminsani Omukristaayo ayitibwa Stanley.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|title=The Fissures of Fusion|publisher=Brill|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004489950_018|access-date=2023-03-17|last=Döring|first=Tobias|year=1996|editor-last=Stummer|editor-first=Peter O.|pages=139–152|doi=10.1163/9789004489950_018|isbn=9789004489950|chapter=Fusion of Cultures?|editor2-first=Christopher|editor2-last=Balme|url-access=subscription}}</ref> === Okwaniriza kw'ekitabo kye ekya ''Africa Answers Back'' === ''Africa Answers Back'' y’emu ku bitabo by’Olungereza ebyasooka ebirina endowooza y’Abafirica ku byali byogerwa abafuzi b’amatwale. Omuzannyo guno gutwalibwa nga "ekiwandiiko ekikulu eky'ebiwandiiko bya Afirika eby'oluvannyuma lw'amatwale "Postcolonial literature" " nga guvumirira endowooza z'obuwangwa n'amawanga mu kiseera ekyo ezaali zitambula mu masomo n'abantu.<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> Wadde atenderezebwa okuva mu nsi y’ebiwandiiko, Nyabongo asanga okunenya olw’olugero luno. Omukugu mu by’ebiwandiiko Martina Kopf awoza nti Nyabongo yakwata enkola efaananako n’ebitongole by’amatwale bye yavumirira. Essira yaliteeka ku by’obujjanjabi, ng’omusajja eyalumizibbwa teyayingizibwa mu mboozi ekwata ku bujjanjabi bwe. Wabula, omukulu yakwata enkola okuva waggulu okudda wansi, ng’akozesa okuteebereza n’okusosola okumanyisa okusalawo kwe ku lw’abantu b’oku kyalo kye, okufaananako n’okusalawo okw’ekimpatiira okw’ebitongole by’amatwale.<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> Ekirala, Nyabongo okukozesa ekigambo ‘savage’ mu lunyiriri lwonna kyaleka abamanyi nga Mahruba T. Mowtushi nga babuusabuusa amakulu amabi ag’abantu b’omu kitundu okwawukana ku bantu ‘abakulembeze’.<ref name="Mowtushi-2015" /> Omukenkufu Danson Sylvester Kahyana yawa okwekenneenya okujjuvu ku kitabo kino. Essira yaliteka ku by’obusawo n’agamba nti Akiki Nyabongo okulwanirira okuleeta eddagala ly’amawanga g’obugwanjuba kwalaga enzikiriza ye ey’enjawulo mu buwangwa bw’amawanga g’obugwanjuba obukosa obulungi embeera z’abantu mu Afirika. Naye, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo alwanyisa obufuzi bw’amatwale okusinga alaba ebyenjigiriza by’amawanga g’obugwanjuba ng’okusoomoozebwa eri okuwangaala kw’emisingi, empisa, n’enzikiriza z’Afirika ezikola okumala ebyasa bingi.<ref name="Kahyana-2016" /> === Pulojekiti ze endala === Nyabongo yafulumya ebitabo by’enfumo ebitonotono mu myaka gya 1930. Mu 1937, yafulumya ''Emboozi za Bisoro'' (1937), n’addirira ''Emboozi za Bisoro II'' (1939) <ref name="Matera-2010" /><ref name="Nyabongo-1939">{{Cite book |last=Nyabongo |first=Akiki H.K. |date=1939 |title=Winds and Lights: African Fairy Tales |publisher=New York: The Voice of Ethiopia}}</ref> ''Empewo n'amataala:'' ''Enfumo z'Afirika'' zafulumizibwa mu 1939.<ref name="Nyabongo-1939" /> Nyabongo era yafulumya ekiwandiiko ekitannaba kufulumizibwa, "''Yali the Savage"'', ekyagenderera okwanjula munnakatemba, omuyimbi era omulwanirizi w’eddembe Omumerika Paul Robeson. Ebbago lino kati likuumiddwa mu tterekero ly'ebitabo erya Queen's College erya "The Nyabongo Papers".<ref name="The Queen's College, Oxford" /> Pulojekiti y’omuwandiisi eyasembayo okumanyibwa eyafulumizibwa yali kitabo eky’olulimi [[Olutooro]], ''Oruhenda'', ekyannyonnyola obuwangwa bw’ekitundu ky’e Tooro, ennono, n’olulimi lw’olubiri olw’ekyama.<ref name="Monroe-2022" /> Ng’omukugu mu by’enkula y’abantu eyatendekebwa mu Oxford, Nyabongo lumu yanoonyereza ku ''Ebito'', olulimi lwa Uganda olw’edda olwesigama ku bimuli. Mu kunoonyereza kuno, teyafaayo ku ndagamuntu ye ng’omulwanirizi w’ebyobufuzi mu Afrika yonna kyokka ng’ategeeza kuteesa ku ntambula n’okukwatagana kwa Uganda ey’edda ng’ayita mu nkola z’obuwangwa ezikwatagana. Kyokka Nyabongo yalemererwa okumaliriza okunoonyereza kuno. Pulojekiti eno teyaliimu nsimbi. Ekisinga obukulu, Obwakabaka bwa Tooro bwamusaba addeyo mu Uganda ayambeko mu kuteesa okwefuga okuva ku Bungereza.<ref name="Monroe-2022" /> == Okufa kwe == Akiki Nyabongo yafiira mu ddwaliro e Jinja mu Uganda omwezi nga 2O gwekkumi, 1975, ku myaka 65. Yaleka mukyala we Ada Naomi Nyabongo ne mutabani we Amoti Nyabongo. == Ebitabo bye ebyalondebwa == * ''Emboozi y’Omulangira w’Afirika'' (1935), n’eddamu okufulumizibwa n’etuumibwa erinnya ''lya Africa Answers Back'' (1936);<ref name="Kopf-2019" /> * ''Bisoro I'' (1937); * ''Bisoro II'' (1939);. * ''Empewo n’amataala: Enfumo z’Afirika'' (1939). == Ebikozesebwa mu kutereka ebyafaayo == "Empapula za Nyabongo" tterekero lya Queen's College eririmu emisomo gya Akiki Nyabongo, okuwandiika ebbago, ebitabo ebifulumiziddwa, n'ebifaananyi ebimukwatako. Ettendekero lino lyalonda ebimu ku bikung’aanyiziddwa mu mwoleso omutono mu Gwekkumi wa 2021 okujjukira omwezi gw’ebyafaayo by’abaddugavu.<ref name="The Queen's College, Oxford" /> == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} <references /> == Ebisingawo okusoma == * {{Cite book |last=Nyabongo |first=Akiki H.K. |date=1936 |title=Africa Answers Back |publisher=Routledge & Sons |location=London}} * {{Cite book |last=Nyabongo |first=Akiki H.K. |date=1939 |title=Winds and Lights: African Fairy Tales |publisher=The Voice of Ethiopia |location=New York}} [[Category:Bannayuganda abalwanirizi b'eddembe]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abawandiisi]] [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1907]] [[Category:Abantu abaafa mu 1975]] [[Category:Abaasomerako ku ttendekero lya Howard University]] [[Category:Abaasomerako ku Harvard University]] [[Category:Abaasomerako ku University of Oxford]] e4t9nsgt6jm63oube6yuemmy3y8uza3 Abrahan Luzzi 0 14589 58531 2026-07-03T14:00:54Z Kisakye Jane 9195 Kisakye Jane moved page [[Abrahan Luzzi]] to [[Abraham Luzzi]] 58531 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Abraham Luzzi]] rye3a78zj8dmrhx7gvnklj4ln54tdio 58534 58531 2026-07-03T14:05:42Z Kisakye Jane 9195 NKyusizza erinnya lya article 58534 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Abraham Luzzi]] __STATICREDIRECT__ 1hbul41ydvxye7f1hb1n4cgcku4smxp Category:Bannayuganda abawandiisi 14 14590 58537 2026-07-03T14:09:39Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added a description 58537 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be Bannayuganda abawandiisi. ev255stf0sg3svu1iufd6duf8io5nub Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1907 14 14591 58540 2026-07-03T14:12:33Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added a description 58540 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be bantu abaazaalibwa mu 1907. klgy6vh0d36vb24ehebzffbsuijxinu Category:Abantu abaafa mu 1975 14 14592 58542 2026-07-03T14:14:49Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added a description 58542 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be bantu abantu abaafa mu 1975. 8tmf77sjz6823q1n16hk47hdmq4ii5n Category:Abaasomerako ku ttendekero lya Howard University 14 14593 58544 2026-07-03T14:17:03Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added a description 58544 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be bantu abaasomerako ku ttendekero lya Howard University. d58m5c19i277dv5wxrfzp38j291guw9 Category:Abaasomerako ku Harvard University 14 14594 58546 2026-07-03T14:19:52Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 added a category 58546 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be bantu abaasomerako ku Harvard University. j3txb3byhbeegrx3c7a70ieq3b7ugjr Category:Bugwanjuba bwa Uganda 14 14595 58547 2026-07-03T14:27:29Z 24RAY 11014 ngasseeko ekinnyonnyoko 58547 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be bantu abava mu bugwanjuba bwa Uganda 3qq33ga0vy57qivh9qovorm913iu0ls Category:Abanyankole 14 14596 58548 2026-07-03T14:29:00Z 24RAY 11014 ngasseeko ekinnyonnyoko 58548 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be banyankole tep15oq5i40bsed6rhyevvrwukh0lcl Category:Ekitundu ky'e Ankole 14 14597 58549 2026-07-03T14:30:03Z 24RAY 11014 ngasseeko ekinnyonnyoko 58549 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be bantu abasibuka mu kitundu ky'e Ankole bo6s696u4bs1fmemk8fcic5fy9g0a2f Category:Abaasomerako ku University of Oxford 14 14598 58551 2026-07-03T14:42:12Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added a description 58551 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be bantu abaasomerako ku ttendekero lya University of Oxford. q431rrtfzdtvyji5jbu8fvvsa0yzgit Category:Ebitongole by'Abangereza eby'atandikibwawo mu 1985 14 14599 58563 2026-07-03T15:08:44Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added a description 58563 wikitext text/x-wiki Bino by'ebitongole by'Abangereza eby'atandikibwawo mu 1985. 5vyk8vbard60wg0dj24ynjburbk0r5r Category:Ebitongole by'abakyala abalwanirizi b'eddembe lyabwe mu Uganda 14 14600 58568 2026-07-03T15:15:01Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added a description 58568 wikitext text/x-wiki Bino by'ebitongole by'abakyala abalwanirizi b'eddembe lyabwe mu Uganda. sy1spqijtdqgqidfsxsjt6k5v2f8ny2 Category:Ebitongole eby'atandikibwawo mu 1985 14 14601 58570 2026-07-03T15:17:21Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added a description 58570 wikitext text/x-wiki Bino by'ebitongole eby'atandikibwawo mu 1985. 2kmfe5j173bgdikznm0qqz9gn6nncqk Category:Eddembe ly'abakyala mu Uganda 14 14602 58572 2026-07-03T15:19:29Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added a description 58572 wikitext text/x-wiki Embeera edembe ly'abakyala mwe liri mu Uganda. 9v285qvkeqwi8rpbymzvh264bnpnaf0 Category:Ebitongole by'abakyala mu Uganda 14 14603 58576 2026-07-03T15:22:13Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added a description 58576 wikitext text/x-wiki Bino by'ebitongole by'abakyala mu Uganda r2ies630dcjit6wljsa0xqpgxqgmfuu Category:Abazaalwa mu 1989 14 14604 58578 2026-07-03T15:27:42Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Ntaddemu ekinnyonyolo 58578 wikitext text/x-wiki Abantu abazalibwa mu 1989 dgbnako7yelgqd2wxoc7j86fdv1j22w Category:Bannayuganda Bannamisono 14 14605 58579 2026-07-03T15:28:23Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Ntaddemu ekinnyonyolo 58579 wikitext text/x-wiki Bannayuganda bannamisono dq94dc4zdu7wg0wz0xp4z1ipw9tp0n5 Category:Bannayuganda abatandisi b'emirimu ab'ekyasa ky'abiri mwekimu 14 14606 58580 2026-07-03T15:29:15Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Ntaddemu ekinnyonyolo 58580 wikitext text/x-wiki Bannayuganda abatandisi b'emirimu ab'ekyasa ky'abiri mwekimu obrh62z1ru1bco8saw4an0c9ue2x6rk 58581 58580 2026-07-03T15:29:44Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Charles Kalanzi moved page [[Category:Bannayuganda abatanidisi b'emirimu ab'ekyasa ky'abiri mwekimu]] to [[Category:Bannayuganda abatandisi b'emirimu ab'ekyasa ky'abiri mwekimu]]: Misspelled title: Nterezezza empandiika ku mutwe 58580 wikitext text/x-wiki Bannayuganda abatandisi b'emirimu ab'ekyasa ky'abiri mwekimu obrh62z1ru1bco8saw4an0c9ue2x6rk Category:Bannayuganda abatanidisi b'emirimu ab'ekyasa ky'abiri mwekimu 14 14607 58582 2026-07-03T15:29:44Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Charles Kalanzi moved page [[Category:Bannayuganda abatanidisi b'emirimu ab'ekyasa ky'abiri mwekimu]] to [[Category:Bannayuganda abatandisi b'emirimu ab'ekyasa ky'abiri mwekimu]]: Misspelled title: Nterezezza empandiika ku mutwe 58582 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[:Category:Bannayuganda abatandisi b'emirimu ab'ekyasa ky'abiri mwekimu]] 7lgwjd80zyevymlu420b32sk4guh1ta Category:Abalabirizi b'omu ba Kulisitaayo ab'e Kyasa kyabiri mu Uganda 14 14608 58586 2026-07-03T16:25:11Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added a description 58586 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be balabirizi b'omu ba Kulisitaayo ab'e Kyasa kyabiri. ps2c7f5iqbzy0zmh2fyf0y09tc5baev Category:Abalabirizi b'Abakulisitaayo abava e Mbale 14 14609 58588 2026-07-03T16:39:02Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added a description 58588 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be balabirizi b'Abakulisitaayo abava e Mbale. 5f4hofmofdaonmucx2b77vq71a1wrrq Category:Abaasomerako ku Uganda Christian University 14 14610 58590 2026-07-03T16:46:36Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 added a category 58590 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be bantu baasomerako ku Uganda Christian University. jkbdz3tnt10ni8hgszwjyo7sa0l8jkj Category:Abaasomerako ku Bulwalasi Theological College 14 14611 58593 2026-07-03T16:52:00Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added a description 58593 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be bantu abaasomerako ku Bulwalasi Theological College. gt0jj2ng2yqixabu1s0zukxhjip3123 Category:Ba Diini b'Ekkanisa y'Abakulisitaayo mu Africa 14 14612 58595 2026-07-03T17:25:45Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added a description 58595 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be ba Diini b'Ekkanisa y'Abakulisitaayo mu Africa. suv5f1r7g36xb09jcoellsn3zvs6b9l John Sentongo 0 14613 58596 2026-07-03T17:46:12Z Judithamos 10087 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1295548275|John Sentongo]]" 58596 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Makula Sentongo''' (yazaalibwa nga 1 ogwomunaana 1938) Munnayuganda eyali [[omukubi w'ebikonde]]. Yavuganya mu mpaka [[z'abasajja eza bantaweight]] mu [[mizannyo gya Olympics egy'omusana mu 1960]]. Mu mizannyo gya Olympics egy'omusana mu 1960, yasibulwa mu lawundi ya 64, kyokka yakubwa [[Brunon Bendig]] owa Poland mu lawundi ya 32.<ref name="SportsRef" /> == Ebijuliziddwa == == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == [[John Sentongo]] ku [[Olympedia]] [[John Sentongo]] ku intersportstats mh5hixom7z0jkuu4ce32vdor4yqse0h Franco Agentho 0 14614 58597 2026-07-03T17:48:27Z Judithamos 10087 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1156527103|Franco Agentho]]" 58597 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Franco Agentho''' (yazaalibwa nga 2 ogwomunaana 1973) Munnayuganda [[Muzannyi wa bikonde|omukubi w'ebikonde]]. Yavuganya mu [[Mizannyo gya Olympics egy'omusana mu 1996|mizannyo gya Olympics egy'omusana mu 1996.]] == Ebijuliziddwa == 4640zgb1p8rw0gbsx8th8kv7avfjlqs Abraham Munabi 0 14615 58598 2026-07-03T17:56:54Z Judithamos 10087 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1361232910|Abraham Munabi]]" 58598 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abraham Munabi''' (yazaalibwa nga 19 ogw'ekkumi n'ebiri 1940) [[munnabyamizannyo]] Munnayuganda . Yavuganya mu [[Misinde gy'abasajja egy'okubuuka emirundi esatu|misinde gy'abasajja egy'okubuuka emirundi essatu]] mu [[Mizannyo gya Olympics egy'omusana mu 1972|mizannyo gya Olympics egy'omusana mu 1972.]]. == Ebijuliziddwa == == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == [[Abraham Munabi]] ku [[misinde gy'ensi yonna]] [[Abraham Munabi]] ku [[Olympics.com]] [[Abraham Munabi]] ku [[Olympedia]] [[Abraham Munabi]] ku [[common wealth games Federation]](archivrd) [[Abraham Munabi]] ku InterSportStats fb5y9i01fopdekx3yduizdszlqjedeu Peter Odhiambo (omukubi w’ebikonde, yazaalibwa mu 1927 0 14616 58602 2026-07-03T18:42:21Z Judithamos 10087 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1272319241|Peter Odhiambo (boxer, born 1927)]]" 58602 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Peter Paul Odhiambo''' (yazaalibwa nga 9 ogwomwenda 1937) yali [[muzannyi wa bikonde]] mu Uganda enzaalwa y'e Kenya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Peter Odhiambo |url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/8454 |access-date=26 March 2023 |website=Olympedia}}</ref> Yavuganya mu mpaka [[z'abasajja eza middleweight]] mu [[mizannyo gya Olympics egy'omusana mu 1960]] ne mu mpaka z'abasajja eza kkiro 75 mu [[mizannyo gya British Empire and Commonwealth Games mu 1962]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=7. Commonwealth Games - Perth, Australia - November 22 - December 1 1962 |url=http://amateur-boxing.strefa.pl/Championships/CommonwealthGames1962.html |access-date=11 March 2019 |website=amateur-boxing.strefa.pl}}</ref> Mu mizannyo gya Olympics egy'omusana mu 1960, yakubwa [[Eddie Crook Jr.]] owa Amerika.<ref name="SportsRef" /> == Ebijuliziddwa == == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == [[Peter Odhiambo]] ku [[commonwealth games Federation]] (archived) [[Peter Odhiambo]] ku [[Olympics.com]] [[Peter Odhiambo]] ku [[commonwealth games Federation]] (archived) rmjt87ejedbuqo188x3o73iixwlzq9p Omukisa Sseruwagi 0 14617 58604 2026-07-03T18:49:24Z Judithamos 10087 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1304793601|Grace Sseruwagi]]" 58604 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Peter Grace Sseruwagi''' (30 ogwekkumi n'ebiri1933 &#x2013; 6 ogwokubiri 2018) yali Munnayuganda [[omuzannyi we bikonde]] era omutendesi wa ttiimu y'eggwanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 April 2015 |title=Sseruwagi's hard punches knocked out Idi Amin |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/reviews-profiles/sseruwagi-s-hard-punches-knocked-out-idi-amin-1608868 |access-date=2021-09-20 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bakama |first=James |title=Remembering boxing legend Peter Sseruwagi |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1471469 |access-date=2021-09-20 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> Yavuganya mu mpaka z'abasajja [[eza welterweight]] mu [[mizannyo gya Olympics egy'omusana mu 1960]]. Mu mizannyo gya Olympics egy'omusana mu 1960, yakubwa Khalid Al-Karkhi owa Iraq.<ref name="SportsRef" /> == Ebijuliziddwa == == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == * [[Grace Seruwagi]] ku [[Olympedia]] hn4wiv5cy4en1s7cfl2jdapkrw09aoi Alex Odhiambo 0 14618 58609 2026-07-03T18:53:19Z Judithamos 10087 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1295549122|Alex Odhiambo]]" 58609 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alex Odhiambo''' (yazaalibwa nga 10 ogwekkumi 1943) Munnayuganda [[omuzannyi we bikonde]]. Yavuganya mu [[mizannyo gya Olympics egy'omusana mu 1964]] ne mu [[mizannyo gya Olympics egy'omusana mu 1968]]. == Ebijuliziddwa == 6oiemk8sc1qp9v5xl1qgrcm8v33hput Ernest Mabwa 0 14619 58614 2026-07-03T19:03:55Z Judithamos 10087 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1156527175|Ernest Mabwa]]" 58614 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ernest Powell Mabwa''' (yazaalibwa nga 26 ogw'olubereberye 1941)Munnayuganda [[omuzannyi we bikonde]]. Yavuganya mu mpaka z[['abasajja eza welterweight]] mu [[mizannyo gya Olympics egy'omusana mu 1964]]. Mu mizannyo egyo, yawangula [[Maurice Frilot]] ne [[Constantin Niculescu]], nga tannakubwa [[Ričardas Tamulis]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ernest Mabwa |url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/8440 |access-date=27 March 2021 |website=Olympedia}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == [[Ernest Mabwa]] ku [[Olympedia]] [[Ernest Mabwa]] ku [[InterSportStats]] 8h52f0gyy0g765tl5rjmkxagrxktej8 Peter Paul Odhiambo 0 14620 58615 2026-07-03T19:07:56Z Judithamos 10087 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1156527238|Peter Paul Odhiambo]]" 58615 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Peter Paul Odhiambo''' (yazaalibwa nga 9 ogw'omwenda 1937) Munnayuganda [[omuzannyi we bikonde]] mu Uganda. Yavuganya mu mpaka [[z'abasajja eza middleweight]] mu [[mizannyo gya Olympics egy'omusana mu 1964]]. == Ebijuliziddwa == 7v0cw15ngeup80z1lksoun2ba14jvqq Henry Mugwanya 0 14621 58618 2026-07-03T19:13:10Z Judithamos 10087 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1156527184|Henry Mugwanya]]" 58618 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Henry Mugwanya''' (yazaalibwa nga 10 Ogwomunaana 1943) Munnayuganda [[omuzannyi w'ebikonde]]. Yavuganya mu mpaka [[z'abasajja eza heavyweight]] mu [[mizannyo gya Olympics egy'omusana mu 1964]]. Mu mizannyo egyo, yakubwa [[Jürgen Schlegel]] owa United Team of Germany.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Henry Mugwanya |url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/8442 |access-date=21 January 2021 |website=Olympedia}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == 2t6eo9p1tur2szf4y3nkg7srvsb6pe0 Douglas Ogada 0 14622 58619 2026-07-03T19:17:34Z Judithamos 10087 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1270001154|Douglas Ogada]]" 58619 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Douglas Ogada''' (yazaalibwa nga 11 Ogwekkumi nogumu 1948) Munnayuganda [[omuzannyi w'ebikonde]]. Yavuganya mu mpaka [[z'abasajja eza flyweight]] mu [[mizannyo gya Olympics egy'omusana mu 1968]]. Mu mizannyo egyo, yakubwa [[Jee Yong-ju]] owa South Korea.<ref name="SportsRef" /> == Ebijuliziddwa == svm6vhky986bpkis4adlcfabwybt0so Andrew Kajjo 0 14623 58620 2026-07-03T19:21:00Z Judithamos 10087 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1230458308|Andrew Kajjo]]" 58620 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Andrew Kajjo''' (yazaalibwa nga 4 Ogwomwenda 1948) Munnayuganda [[omuzannyi w'ebikonde]]. Yavuganya mu buzito [[bw'abasajja obwa welterweight]] mu [[mizannyo gya Olympics egy'omusana mu 1968]]. == Ebijuliziddwa == m582ndxu1stehbn7ytiu28ft4entv3u David Jackson (Munnayuganda omukubi w’ebikonde) 0 14624 58621 2026-07-03T19:27:48Z Judithamos 10087 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1295429507|David Jackson (Ugandan boxer)]]" 58621 wikitext text/x-wiki '''David Jackson''' (yazaalibwa nga 2 Ogwekkumi 1949) Munnayuganda omuzannyi w'ebikonde. Yavuganya mu [[mizannyo gya Olympics egy'omusana mu 1968]] ne mu mizannyo gya Olympics egy'omusana mu 1972. == Ebijuliziddwa == == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == [[David Jackson]] ku [[Olympics.com]] [[David Jackson]] ku [[Olympics.org]] (archived) [[David Jackson]] ku [[Olympedia]] i4fnmg6qgr35gl11qbiczjbpnrmai0z James Odwori 0 14625 58622 2026-07-03T19:32:26Z Judithamos 10087 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1295548727|James Odwori]]" 58622 wikitext text/x-wiki '''James Odwori''' (yazaalibwa nga 23 Ogw'ekkumi 1951) Munnayuganda [[omuzannyi w'ebikonde]]. Yavuganya mu mpaka z'abasajja [[eza flyweight]] mu [[Mizannyo Olympics egy'omusana mu 1972|mizannyo Olympics egy'omusana mu 1972.]] == Ebijuliziddwa == cy0h40amsmg4iji8tfz8h2s7kc7258h Matthias Ouma 0 14626 58623 2026-07-03T19:40:20Z Judithamos 10087 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1300880234|Matthias Ouma]]" 58623 wikitext text/x-wiki '''George Matthias Ouma''' (yazaalibwa nga 3 ogwekkumi nebiri 1945) Munnayuganda [[omuzannyi w'ebikonde]]. Yavuganya mu [[mizannyo gya Olympics egy'omusana mu 1968]] ne mu [[mizannyo gya Olympics egy'omusana mu 1972]]. Mu mizannyo egyo, yakubwa [[Imre Tóth]] mu lutalo lwe olwasooka. <ref name="SportsRef" /> == Ebijuliziddwa == == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == [[Mathias Ouma]] ku [[Olympedia]] [[Mathias Ouma]] ku [[Commonwealth games Federation|commonwealth]] [[Commonwealth games Federation|games Federation]] (archived) [[Mathias Ouma]] ku InterSportStats 0o5vvpcd0z72vbntpeirbvkm4gabriv Eridadi Mukwanga 0 14627 58628 2026-07-03T19:57:45Z Kisakye Jane 9195 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1361460500|Eridadi Mukwanga]]" 58628 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''Eridadi Mukwanga''' (12 Ogwomusanvu 1943 &#x2013; Ogwoluberyeberye 1998) yali muzannyi wa bikonde mu Uganda, eyawangula omudaali gwa ffeeza mu [[1968 Summer Olympics|mizannyo gya Olympics egy'omusana mu 1968]] mu [[Mexico City|kibuga Mexico]] .<ref name="sports-ref">[https://web.archive.org/web/20200417234553/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/mu/eridadi-mukwanga-1.html Profile: Eridadi Mukwanga] ''sports.reference.com'' (Retrieved on 13 December 2008)1</ref> Ye munnabyamizannyo eyasooka okukiikirira Uganda okuwangula omudaali gw′ebikonde mu muzannyo gwonna.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-05 |title=They won medals, set records and lifted Uganda's flag high |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/other-sport/they-won-medals-set-records-and-lifted-uganda-s-flag-high-1527418 |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Ebikulu mu by'amateur == Omudaali gwa ffeeza mu buzito bwa Bantamweight mu bikonde ebyali mu kibuga Mexico mu 1968. Ebyavuddemu bye bino: * Yawangudde [[Roberto Cervantes]] (Mexico) obubonero * Yawangudde [[Chang Kyou-Chul]] (Korea) obubonero * Yakubiddwa [[Valerian Sokolov]] (Soviet Union) nga bakuba TKO-2 == Ebijuliziddwa == {{reflist}} g43dh49dy62wks0et1af6e9cqb86371 58631 58628 2026-07-03T20:02:21Z Kisakye Jane 9195 nterezezaamumu mpandiika 58631 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''Eridadi Mukwanga''' (12 Ogwomusanvu 1943 &#x2013; Ogwoluberyeberye 1998) yali muzannyi wa bikonde mu Uganda, eyawangula omudaali gwa ffeeza mu mizannyo gy′ebikonde mu kyeya mu 1968 mu [[Mexico City|kibuga Mexico]] .<ref name="sports-ref">[https://web.archive.org/web/20200417234553/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/mu/eridadi-mukwanga-1.html Profile: Eridadi Mukwanga] ''sports.reference.com'' (Retrieved on 13 December 2008)1</ref> Ye munnabyamizannyo eyasooka okukiikirira Uganda okuwangula omudaali gw′ebikonde mu muzannyo gwonna.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-05 |title=They won medals, set records and lifted Uganda's flag high |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/other-sport/they-won-medals-set-records-and-lifted-uganda-s-flag-high-1527418 |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Ebikulu mu by'amateur == Omudaali gwa ffeeza mu buzito bwa Bantamweight mu bikonde ebyali mu kibuga Mexico mu 1968. Ebyavuddemu bye bino: * Yawangudde Roberto Cervantes (Mexico) obubonero * Yawangudde Chang Kyou-Chul (Korea) obubonero * Yakubiddwa Valerian Sokolov (Soviet Union) nga bakuba TKO-2 == Ebijuliziddwa == {{reflist}} od5q7efc2l91jy5n6p5ac8wnte536i9 Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1983 14 14628 58634 2026-07-03T20:08:49Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added a description 58634 wikitext text/x-wiki Be bano abantu abaazaalibwa mu mwaka gwa 1983. 8z1aheno89n4oagjz8n3mfbn9w7d1fm Category:Bannayuganda bannakatemba abayimirira bokka ku sitegi ne basesa abantu 14 14629 58636 2026-07-03T20:15:33Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added a description 58636 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be Bannayuganda bannakatemba abayimirira bokka ku sitegi ne basesa abantu. owop7v1w9okcznp79xn8sqv40x5xxvr Category:Bannayuganda abakazi abazannyi ba katemba 14 14630 58638 2026-07-03T20:20:11Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added a description 58638 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be Bannayuganda abakazi abazannyi ba katemba. kih9wittrf46buq1y6ngjma8qfmrl5i Category:Bannayuganda abakazi abazannyi ba firimu 14 14631 58642 2026-07-03T20:28:19Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added a description 58642 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be Bannayuganda abakazi abazannyi ba firimu. 2xnnbf0kycj4n2tv5zfk7xnx4nr808n Category:Abantu abava e Kampala 14 14632 58643 2026-07-03T20:29:01Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added a description 58643 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be bantu abava e Kampala 7q1ykgixzl3qqff9zgh7jn4im6nlje7 Category:Abaasomerako ku Ssettendekero wa Makerere University 14 14633 58646 2026-07-03T20:33:31Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 added a category 58646 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be baasomerako ku Ssettendekero wa Makerere University. eq1hicym7ewbneon0aizf0wyjk1ibb5 Category:Bannayuganda Abakatoliki 14 14634 58648 2026-07-03T20:35:41Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added a description 58648 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be annayuganda Abakatoliki. s2yhio92701kib5cgegfk82x36as6uo Category:Abazaalibwa mu 1930 14 14635 58654 2026-07-03T20:47:29Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added a description 58654 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be bantu bazaalibwa mu 1930. fr6zf89xri42gsmsg5ym8a8ha9iz46p Category:Abaafa mu 2023 14 14636 58656 2026-07-03T20:49:36Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 added a category 58656 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be bantu baafa mu 2023. b0vku65lentb0yzpekwxmwkq5mi3pts Category:Abantu abava mu Disitulikiti y'e Masindi 14 14637 58658 2026-07-03T20:51:46Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added a description 58658 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be abantu abava mu Disitulikiti y'e Masindi. nv6ffk9rkiwmgxkw8gnfedydjkp9du9 Category:Abasumba b'eKereziya Katolika ab'ekyasa ky'abiri mu Uganda 14 14638 58665 2026-07-03T21:17:02Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added a description 58665 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be basumba b'eKereziya Katolika ab'ekyasa ky'abiri mu Uganda. rq7iynhsvqy1gioo4cp7e89uikrflnc Category:Abasumba ba Ekereziya Katolika ab'e Hoima 14 14639 58670 2026-07-03T21:22:27Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added a description 58670 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be basumba ba Ekereziya Katolika ab'e Hoima. 851lo7l3errf3ncaedrb2e3jawhj3tx Category:Abasumba abaalondebwa Paapa John Paul VI 14 14640 58671 2026-07-03T21:23:11Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added a description 58671 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be basumba abaalondebwa Paapa John Paul VI. toivihis6rdupl8hjp7g8wabvs9opcb Category:Abakungu wansi w'obwakabaka bwa Bungereza 14 14641 58675 2026-07-03T21:31:01Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added a description 58675 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be bakungu wansi w'obwakabaka bwa Bungereza. 8gfv8w3jz7t2zrtcudj1e1nq1exukid Category:Bannayuganda abasajja abasambi b'omupiira 14 14642 58677 2026-07-03T21:31:51Z Samson Ssemakadde 6903 Ngaseeko amatuluba 58677 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano beebannayuganda abasajja abasambi b'omupiira llcr7rwwexwyxz3j0gvr0p6woewyzk9 Category:Bannayuganda abasajja abasambira ebweru w'eggwanga 14 14643 58679 2026-07-03T21:32:33Z Samson Ssemakadde 6903 Ngaseeko amatuluba 58679 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano beebannayuganda abasajja abasambira ebweru w'eggwanga. tqql3o9jpykxsar848dub8korgdg7wd 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7432 Added a description 58688 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be bantu abava mu Hamstead. eugcvyxhpvlaumb5eiwztarof9untuc Category:Abazannyi ba Vipers SC 14 14649 58690 2026-07-03T21:39:13Z Samson Ssemakadde 6903 Ngaseeko amatuluba 58690 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano beebazannyi ba Vipers SC rsnq2wdbrsdbssd9ryy2bdniaknqu8l Category:Abazannyi ba Mbarara City FC 14 14650 58692 2026-07-03T21:39:59Z Samson Ssemakadde 6903 Ngaseeko amatuluba 58692 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano beebazannyi ba Mbarara City FC 1fg80gc2i60cg7tiydicgm7h1xzgv8b Category:Abazannyi ba kiraabu ya Kampala Capital City Authority 14 14651 58693 2026-07-03T21:40:44Z Samson Ssemakadde 6903 Ngaseeko amatuluba 58693 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano beebazannyi ba kiraabu ya Kampala Capital City Authority djl75gyz7t6ddx8znb6eouhr22qck3b Category:Eby'obulamu mu Uganda 14 14652 58694 2026-07-03T21:40:53Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added a description 58694 wikitext text/x-wiki Ebikwata ku by'obulamu mu Uganda. kg3zdlght75u5te2o7a5jay07dzamk2 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14661 58720 2026-07-04T07:51:29Z NVNkz 11218 Created by translating the page "[[:tum:Special:Redirect/revision/20889|Lebanon]]" 58720 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag_of_Lebanon.svg|thumb|300x300px]] [[File:Lebanon_(orthographic_projection).svg|thumb|250x250px]] '''Lebanon''' (arc: لبان, arc: לבנאן) nsi mu [[Asia|Asiya]]. [[Category:Asia]] taa8tzpfcmdqtrvglhxusmavymllwxn