Wikipedia lgwiki https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olupapula_Olusooka MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.9 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk Zambia 0 5700 59338 59156 2026-07-06T16:07:28Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ekiba 59338 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Amawanga ga Luba-Lunda oluvannyuma gaakendeera olw'okutunda abaddu mu Atlantic mu Bugwanjuba ne mu Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba ne mu ntalo n'ebibinja ebyali byawuddwa ku bwakabaka. Aba Chokwe, ekibinja ekirina oluganda olw'okumpi ne Luvale era ne kitondebwawo ng'eggwanga lya Lunda satellite, mu kusooka gaakosebwa olw'obwetaavu bwabaddu eri Abazungu, naye bwe baawukana ku bwakabaka, bo bennyini baafuuka batunzi ba baddu abamanyiddwa ennyo, nga batunda abaddu ku mbalama zombi. Abachokwe oluvannyuma baawangulwa amawanga amalala n'Abaportugali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azuonye |first=Chukwuma |date=15 December 1996 |title=Chokwe: (Angola, Zambia) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ejao3vG6nfsC&pg=PA11 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-1990-1 |language=en}}</ref> Obutali butebenkevu buno bwaviirako okugwa kw'obwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'abantu okusaasaanira mu bitundu bya Zambia eby'enjawulo okuva mu Democratic Republic of the Congo. Abazambia abasinga obungi balina obuzaale mu bwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'obwakabaka obulala obuli mu Masekkati ga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1200, ng’eggwanga lya Luba-Lunda terinnatandikibwawo, ekibinja ky’aba Bantu baatandika okusenguka okuva mu Congo Basin okudda ku Nnyanja Mweru ate oluvannyuma ne basenga okumpi n’ennyanja Malawi. Abasenze bano balowoozebwa okuba nga baali abamu ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky’e Upemba mu Democratic Republic of Congo. Mu myaka gya 1400, ebibinja by’abasenze bano awamu baayitibwanga Maravi, era nga mu bo mwalimu Abachewa abaatandika okukoppa ebibinja by’aba Bantu nga Tumbuka.<ref name="Team">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 1480 Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwatandikibwawo kalonga (omukulu w'obwakabaka bwa Maravi) okuva mu kika kya Phiri, kimu ku bika ebikulu, ng'ebirala mulimu Banda, Mwale ne Nkhoma. Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwali buva ku Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Enkulaakulana y'ebyobufuzi ey'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi yali efaanana ey'Obwakabaka bwa Luba era kigambibwa nti bwavaayo. Ekyamaguzi ekikulu eky'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi kyali amasanga, agaatundibwanga okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Ekyuma nakyo kyakolebwanga era ne kitundibwa mu nsi endala. Mu myaka gya 1590, Abapotigo baagezaako okweddiza eby'obusuubuzi n’okutunda Maravi mu nsi endala. Okugezaako kuno kwaleetawo obusungu mu Maravi ab’e Lundu, abaasumulula eggye lyabwe erya WaZimba. WaZimba baalumba ebibuga by’Abapotigo eby’obusuubuzi nga Tete, Sena n’ebibuga ebirala bingi.<ref name="thinkafrica.net">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Abamaravi nabo bateeberezebwa okuba nga baaleeta obulombolombo obwandifuuse ekibiina kya Nyau eky'ekyama okuva e Upemba. Aba Nyau be bakola ku nzikiriza oba eddiini y'obuwangwa ey'abantu b'omu Maravi. Ekibiina kya Nyau kirimu okuzina okw'obulombolombo n'obukookolo obukozesebwa mu kuzina; enzikiriza eno yasaasaana okwetooloola ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maptia |title=The Secret Cult of Nyau Dancers |url=https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108130415/https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-date=8 November 2020 |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=Maptia |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwakendeera olw'enkaayana ezikwata ku busika mu mukago, okulumbibwa Ngoni n'okulumba abaddu okuva mu Yao.<ref name="thinkafrica.net2">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa ne Mfecane''' Ng'Obwakabaka bwa Great Zimbabwe bwali bukendedde, omu ku balangira baabwo, Nyatsimba Mutota, yava mu ggwanga n'atandikawo obwakabaka obupya obuyitibwa Mutapa. Ekitiibwa kya Mwene Mutapa, ekitegeeza "Omulumbaganyi w'Ensi", kyamuweebwa era n'abafuzi abaddirira.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mwene Matapa {{!}} historical dynastic title, southern Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520141810/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |archive-date=20 May 2023 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwafuganga ekitundu ekiri wakati w’Omugga Zambezi n’Omugga Limpopo, mu kitundu ekiriwo kati ekiyitibwa Zambia, Zimbabwe ne Mozambique, okuva mu kyasa ekya 14 okutuusa mu kyasa ekya 17. Mu ntikko yaabwo, Mutapa yali awambye ekitundu kya Dande eky’Omugga Tonga ne Tavara. Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwasinganga kwetaba mu by’obusuubuzi okusomoka Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okutuuka mu mawanga ag’omu Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Okufaananako abantu abaaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu mu Maravi, Mutapa yalina obuzibu n’abasuubuzi Abapotigo abaali bazze. Obutategeeragana buno we bwatuukira ku ntikko, Abapotigo baali bagezezzaako okukyusa mu nsonga z’omunda mu bwakabaka nga batandikawo obutale mu bwakabaka era nga bakyusa abantu okubayingiza Obukristaayo. Ekikolwa kino kyaleetawo obusungu mu Basiraamu AbaSwahili abaali babeera mu kibuga ekikulu, akavuyo kano kaawa Abapotigo ensonga gye baali banoonya okulumba obwakabaka era bagezeeko okufuga ebirombe by'abwo ebya zaabu n'enguudo awayitira amasanga. Obulumbaganyi buno bwagwa butaka Abapotigo bwe baalumbibwa endwadde nga bayita ku mugga Zambezi.<ref name="Mutapa">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1600 enkaayana ez'omunda n'olutalo lw'omunda byatandika okukendeera kwa Mutapa. Obwakabaka obwali bunafuye bwawangulwa Abapotigo era oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera bwatwalibwa amawanga ga Shona bwe baali bawalangana.<ref name="Mutapa2">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Abapotigo nabo baalina ettaka ddene, eryali limanyiddwa nga Prazos, era baakozesanga abaddu n'abaali abaddu ng'abakuumi n'abayizzi. Baatendekanga abasajja mu bukodyo bw'amagye era ne babawa emmundu. Abasajja bano baafuuka abayizzi b'enjovu abakugu era baali bamanyiddwa nga ba Chikunda. Oluvannyuma lw'okukendeera kw'Abapotigo, Chikunda baasobola okwesolossa munda mu Zambia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2019 |title=Chikunda |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227184451/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |archive-date=27 February 2021 |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Portugal okubeera mu kitundu ekyo kyali nsonga lwaki obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwatandikibwawo, eggwanga eryali lyetongodde ku Mutapa. Omukulembeze w'obwakabaka bwa Rozvi, Changamire Dombo, yafuuka omu ku bakulembeze abasingayo amaanyi mu byafaayo bya South-Central Africa. Wansi w'obukulembeze bwe, obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwawangula Abapotigo ne babaggya mu bifo mwe baali bakolera bizineesi ku mugga Zambezi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rozwi {{!}} historical state, Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125203243/https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |archive-date=25 January 2021 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Naye oboolyawo ekyokulabirako ekisinga okumanyibwa mu kino okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti kwe kweyongera kw’Abazulu wansi w’obukulembeze bwa Shaka. Okupikirizibwa okuva eri Abangereza abafuzi b’amatwale mu Cape ne okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti mu Bazulu kyavaako Mfecane (okunyigirizibwa). Abazulu beeyongera nga bayingiza abakazi n’abaana b’ebika bye baawangula, singa abasajja b’ebika bino ebya Nguni baawona okuttibwa, baakozesa obukodyo bw’amagye obw’Abazulu okulumba ebibinja ebirala.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Kino kyaviirako abantu bangi okusenguka, entalo n'obulumbaganyi mu Bukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati ne mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika nga ab'ekika kya Nguni oba Ngoni nga bakulembeddwamu Zwagendaba baasomoka omugga Zambezi nga batambulira mu Bukiikakkono. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni be baakuba ekibuga Maravi Empire ekyali kinafuye. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni abasinga obungi baasenga mu kitundu ekyali Zambia, [[Malawi]], [[Mozambique]] ne [[Tanzania]] era ne beegatta ku bika ebyali mu kitundu ekyo.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history2">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Zambia, ekibinja ekirala eky’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Afirika eky’Abasotho-Tswana abava mu Luba ne Lunda ezaagwa edda abayitibwa Abaluyana baawamba Kololo ne bamussaako olulimi Olukololo okutuusa Abaluyana lwe beekalakaasa ne baggyako Kololo mu kiseera kino olulimi Olukololo lwali lwerabiddwa era olulimi olupya olugattiddwa lwe lwavaamu, SiLozi era Abaluyana baatandika okweyita Abalozi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lozi {{!}} people |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528092724/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |archive-date=28 May 2023 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kya 18, Abamu ku Mbunda baasengukira mu Barotseland, Mongu oluvannyuma lw'okusenguka kw'abantu abalala, nga muno mwe muli, Ciyengele.<ref>'' The elites of Barotseland, 1878–1969: a political history of Zambia's Western Province'': a. Gerald L. Caplan, C. Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd, 1970, {{ISBN|0-900966-38-6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=maniacky |first=jacky |title=bantu zone K |url=http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140411045127/http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-date=2014-04-11 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.bantu-languages.com}}</ref> '''Ekiseera ky'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' '''Abazungu''' Omu ku Bulaaya abaasooka okuwandiikibwa nga baakyalako mu kitundu kino yali omuvumbuzi Omupotigo Francisco de Lacerda ku nkomerero y'ekyasa ekya 18. Lacerda yakulemberamu ekibinja ky'abavumbuzi okuva e Mozambique okutuuka mu kitundu ky'e Kazembe mu Zambia (nga balina ekiruubirirwa eky'okuvumbula n'okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa okuva ku lubalama lw'ennyanja okutuuka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja omulundi ogusooka),<ref>{{cite web |year=1798 |title=Instructions and Travel Diary that Governor Francisco Joze de Lacerda e Almeida Wrote about His Travel to the Center of Africa, Going to the River of Sena, in the Year of 1798 |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905135844/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |archive-date=5 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Library of Congress}}</ref> era n'afa mu kiseera ky'olugendo mu 1798. Olugendo luno okuva olwo lwakulemberwamu mukwano gwe Francisco Pinto.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hartnett |first=Craig |title=Portuguese Expedition to Northern Rhodesia, 1798–99 |url=http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924023553/http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Great North Road (GNR, Northern Rhodesia, Zambia) |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ekitundu kino, ekisangibwa wakati wa Mozambique ne [[Angola]], kyali kigambibwa nti kyali kya Bupotugo mu kiseera ekyo. Abalala abava mu Bulaaya baagoberera mu kyasa 19. Eyasinga okumanyika mu bano yali David Livingstone, eyalina okwolesebwa okw'okukomya okusuubula abaddu ng'ayita mu "3Cs": Obukristaayo, Ebyobusuubuzi, n'Obuwangwa. Ye Muzungu eyasooka okulaba ebisulo by'amazzi ebyewuunyisa ku Mugga Zambezi mu 1855, n'abyogerako bw'ati: "Ebifo ebirabika obulungi bityo biteekwa okuba nga byatunuulirwa bamalayika mu kudduka kwabwe".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Livingstone Discovers Victoria Falls, 1855 |url=http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522092057/http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |archive-date=22 May 2020 |access-date=28 May 2020 |website=EyeWitness to History}}</ref> Mu kitundu kino ebiyiriro bimanyiddwa nga "Mosi-o-Tunya" oba "omukka ogubwatuka" mu lulimi Lozi oba Kololo. Ekibuga Livingstone, okumpi n'ebiyiriro, kiyitibwa erinnya lye. Emboozi ezikwata ku ŋŋendo ze zaali zimanyiddwa nnyo ne kiviirako abagenyi bangi okuva mu Bulaaya, abaminsani, n'abasuubuzi oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwe mu 1873.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627015544/https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-date=27 June 2020 |website=The Provincial Administration Website}}</ref> '''Kampuni ya British South Africa Company''' Mu 1888, kampuni ya British South Africa Company (BSA Company), eyakulemberwa Cecil Rhodes, yafuna olukusa okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka okuva ku Litunga ow'abantu ba Lozi, omukulu w'essaza ly'abantu ba Lozi (Ba-rotse) mu kitundu ekyafuuka Barotziland-North-Western Rhodesia.<ref name="livingstone">{{cite web |author=Livingstone Tourism Association |title=Destination:Zambia&nbsp;– History and Culture |url=http://www.livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012153527/http://livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> Ebuvanjuba, mu Gwekkumineebiri 1897 ekibinja ky’Abangoni oba Abangoni (abaasibuka mu Zululand) beekalakaasa nga bakulemberwa Tsinco, mutabani wa Kabaka Mpezeni, naye obujeemu bwakomezebwawo,<ref name="unam">{{cite web |author1=Human Rights |author2=Documentation Centre |name-list-style=amp |title=Zambia: Historical Background |url=http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311093653/http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-date=11 March 2007 |access-date=14 January 2011}}</ref> era Mpezeni n’akkiriza Pax Britannica. Ekitundu ky’eggwanga ekyo kyatandika okumanyibwa nga Rhodesia ey'omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba. Mu 1895, Rhodes yasaba omusikawutu wa Omumerika Frederick Russell Burnham okunoonya eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka n’engeri y’okulongoosaamu entambula y’emigga mu kitundu ekyo, era mu lugendo luno mwe mwazuulibwa Frederick Russell Burnham eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka bingi ku mugga Kafue.<ref name="burnham1899">{{cite book |last=Burnham |first=Frederick Russell |author-link=Frederick Russell Burnham |year=1899 |title=Bulawayo Up-to-date; Being a General Sketch of Rhodesia |title-link=s:Northern Rhodesia |publisher=Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co. |editor-last=Wills |editor-first=Walter H. |pages=177–180 |chapter=Northern Rhodesia}}</ref> '''Obufuzi bw'amatwale ga Bungereza''' Mu 1953, okutondebwawo kwa Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland z'agatta wamu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono ne Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo, ne Nyasaland (kati Malawi) ng’ekitundu kimu ekyetongodde. Kino kyakolebwa wadde nga waaliwo okuwakanyizibwa okuva mu bantu abatono, abaakola okwekalakaasa okwaliwo mu 1960–61.<ref name="infoplease">{{cite web |author=Pearson Education |title=Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Federation of |url=http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012231959/http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> '''Obwetwaaze''' Omukago gwasaanyizibwawo nga 31 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, era mu Gwoluberyeberye 1964, Kaunda yawangula akalulu k'Obwaminisita bwa Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono. Gavana w'amatwale, Sir Evelyn Hone, yali mukwano nnyo gwa Kaunda era yamukubiriza okwesimbawo ku kifo ekyo. Mangu ddala oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, waaliwo okwekalakaasa mu Bukiikakkono bw'eggwanga eryo eryali limanyiddwa nga Lumpa Uprising nga lyali liduumirwa Alice Lenshina – Kaunda's first internal conflict as leader of the nation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2020 |title=Alice Lenshina |url=https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228081501/https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |archive-date=28 February 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=The British Empire}}</ref> Rhodesia yafuuka Republic of Zambia nga 24 Ogwekkumi 1964, nga Kenneth Kaunda ye pulezidenti eyasooka. Ku kufuna obwetwaze, wadde nga yalina ebyobugagga eby'omu ttaka ebingi, Zambia yasanga okusoomoozebwa okw'amaanyi. Munda mu ggwanga, waaliwo Abazambia abatendeke era abayivu abasukka mu 70,000 abaali basobola okuddukanya gavumenti, era ebyenfuna byali byesigamye nnyo ku bakugu okuva mu mawanga amalala. Obukugu buno bwaweebwa mu ngeri emu oba endala omubaka wa Bungereza mu Zambia John Willson.<ref>[http://www.chu.cam.ac.uk/archives/collections/BDOHP/Willson.pdf WILLSON, John Michael (born 15 July 1931)]{{Dead link|date=June 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}. BDOHP Biographical Details and Interview Index. chu.cam.ac.uk</ref> Waaliwo Abazungu abasukka mu 70,000 ababeera mu Zambia mu 1964, era baasigala nga ba mugaso nnyo mu byenfuna.<ref name="Zambia">{{Cite news|date=1964-10-25|title=1964: President Kaunda takes power in Zambia|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605125604/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-date=5 June 2013|access-date=2025-09-13|url-status=live|language=en-GB}}</ref> Kaunda okuwagira abayeekera ba Patriotic Front abaali bakola obulumbaganyi mu mawanga ag'omuliraano (Bukiikaddyo) Rhodesia kyaleetawo obunkenke mu by'obufuzi era ne kireetawo okukozesa amagye ku nsalo, era kino kyaviirako ensalo okuggalwa mu 1973.<ref name="blackfire">{{cite book |last=Raeburn |first=Michael |year=1978 |title=We are everywhere: Narratives from Rhodesian guerillas |url=https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-0-394-50530-5 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 1–209]}}</ref>Ebbibiro ly'amasannyalaze erya Kariba ku mugga Zambezi lyawa amasannyalaze agamala okukola ku byetaago by'eggwanga eby'amasannyalaze, wadde nga Rhodesia ye yali ekola ku by'amasannyalaze. Nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1978, ennyonyi ey'abantu ba bulijjo, Air Rhodesia Flight 825, yakubibwa amasasi okumpi ne Kariba abayeekera ba Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) abaakulemberwa Joshua Nkomo. Rhodesia yaddamu n'ekikwekweto kya Gatling, okulumba enkambi endala mu Zambia nga bakozesa amaanyi g'ennyonyi n'abajaasi abakugu mu kubuuka mu bbanga n'abajaasi abakugu mu kukozesa ennyonyi.<ref>{{cite web |title=GREEN LEADER. OPERATION GATLING, THE RHODESIAN MILITARY'S RESPONSE TO THE VISCOUNT TRAGEDY |url=http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125155440/http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-date=25 January 2017 |access-date=22 April 2017}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1970, Mozambique ne Angola zaali zifunye obwetwaze okuva ku Portugal. Gavumenti ya Rhodesia eyali esingamu abazungu, eyafulumya Ekirangiriro ky’Obwetwaze mu 1965, yakkiriza obufuzi obw’abantu abangi wansi w’Endagaano ya Lancaster House mu 1979.<ref name="zimstudy">{{cite book |last=Nelson |first=Harold |year=1983 |title=Zimbabwe: A Country Study |publisher=Claitors Publishing Division |isbn=978-0-16-001598-4 |pages=54–137}}</ref> Obukuubagano mu bitundu byombi ebyali bifugibwa Abapotigo n'olutalo lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwa [[Namibia]] byaviirako okuyingira kw'abanoonyi b'obubudamuera ne kyongera ku buzibu bw'ebyentambula. Oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Benguela, olwayita mu [[Angola]], lwaggalwawo ddala eri ebyentambula bya Zambia mu myaka gya 1970 egyali gisembayo. Zambia okuwagira ebibiina ebirwanyisa obusosoze mu mawanga nga African National Congress (ANC) era kyaleetawo obuzibu bw'ebyokwerinda ng'amagye ga South Africa Defence Force galumba ebifo ebitali bimu mu lutalo lw'okulwanyisa obwetwaze bwa Namibia.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Evans, M. |year=1984 |title=The Front-Line States, South Africa and Southern African Security: Military Prospects and Perspectives |url=http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/Journal%20of%20the%20University%20of%20Zimbabwe/vol12n1/juz012001002.pdf |journal=Zambezia |volume=12 |page=1}}</ref> '''Ebizibu by'ebyenfuna''' Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1970, omuwendo gwa kkopa, ekyamaguzi ekikulu ekiva mu Zambia, gwasereba nnyo mu nsi yonna. Mu mbeera ya Zambia, obungi bw'okutambuza kkopa eŋŋendo empanvu okutuuka mu katale kyali kizibu kinene. Zambia yasaba obuyambi okuva mu mawanga ag'ebweru n'ag'ensi yonna, naye, nga bbeeyi ya kkopa esigadde nga yasereba, kyeyongera okubeera ekizibu okusasula amabanja gaayo agaali geeyongera. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1990, wadde nga tewaaliwo kusonyiyibwa mabanja, ebbeyi ya kkopa eyali eva mu Zambia yali emu ku bintu ebyali bisinga okuba eby'ebbeeyi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia (12/08) |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625080205/https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |archive-date=25 June 2020 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> '''Okukola ku nsonga z'abantu''' Mu Gwomukaaga 1990, obwegugungo obwali buwakanya Kaunda bwatandika era abeekalakaasi bangi battibwa gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2020 |title=About Zambia |url=http://www.psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509233410/http://psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-date=9 May 2016 |access-date=20 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bartlett |first=David M. C. |date=2000 |title=Civil Society and Democracy: A Zambian Case Study |journal=Journal of Southern African Studies |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=429–446 |doi=10.1080/030570700750019655 |issn=0305-7070 |jstor=2637411 |s2cid=143480603}}</ref>Mu 1990, Kaunda yawona okulumbibwa amagye, era mu 1991, yakkiriza okuzzaawo enfuga ey'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, oluvannyuma lw'okussaawo enfuga ey'ekibiina ekimu wansi w'akakiiko ka Choma aka 1972. Oluvannyuma lw'okulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, Kaunda yaggyibwa mu woofiisi oluvannyuma lw'okuwangulwa mu kulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi Frederick Chiluba. Mu myaka gya 2000, ebyenfuna byanywerera, ne bituuka ku kweyongera kw'ebbeeyi y'ebintu mu 2006–2007, okweyongera kw'ebyenfuna, okukendeera kw'amagoba, n'okweyongera kw'omutindo gw'ebyobusuubuzi. Bingi ku kukulaakulana kuno kuvudde ku kusiga ensimbi okuva ebweru mu by'okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka n'okweyongera kw'emiwendo gy'ekikomo mu nsi yonna. Bino byonna byaleetera Zambia okusikirizibwa ennyo abagabi b'obuyambi era ne kireetera abasiga nsimbi okwongera okwesiga eggwanga lino. == Ebyobufuzi == Ebyobufuzi mu Zambia bitambulira mu nkola ey'omukulembeze w'eggwanga omukiise mu demokulasiya ow'eggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo, omukulembeze wa Zambia y'akulira eggwanga era akulira gavumenti mu ggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo. Gavumenti ekozesa obuyinza obw'okuteeka mu nkola, ate obuyinza obw'okukola amateeka buweebwa gavumenti ne paalamenti. Zambia yafuuka repubuliki oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu Gwekkumi 1964. Okuva mu 2011 okutuuka mu 2014, pulezidenti wa Zambia yali Michael Sata, okutuusa Sata lwe yafa nga 28 Ogwekkumi 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zambian President Michael Sata dies in London - BBC News|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705073526/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-date=2017-07-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=BBC News|language=en-GB}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Sata, omumyuka wa pulezidenti Guy Scott, Omuzambia ow'ensibuko y'Abasikawutu, yafuuka omukungu akola nga pulezidenti. Okulonda kwa pulezidenti kwaliwo nga 22 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015. Omugatte gw’abantu 11 abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti be beesimbawo mu kulonda era nga 24 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015, kyalangirirwa nti Edgar Chagwa Lungu yali awangudde okulonda okufuuka pulezidenti ow’omukaaga. Yawangula ebitundu 48.33% eby’obululu, ng’obululu 1.66% bwali bumusinga ku munnabyabufuzi akyasinze okuvuganya gavumenti, Hakainde Hichilema, eyafuna ebitundu 46.67%.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Defence Minister Lungu wins Zambia's disputed presidential race|url=http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305065726/http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-date=2016-03-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=Yahoo News|language=en-US}}</ref>Abantu abalala mwenda abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti baafuna obululu obutaweza na bitundu 1% ku bululu bwonna. Mu kulonda pkwaliwo mu Gwomunaana 2016 Zambian general election pulezidenti Edgar Lungu yawangula okulonda okw’omulundi ogw’okubiri. Omukago ogutaba ebibiina by’ebyobufuzi ogwa Patriotic Front (PF) gwagaana ebyali byogerwa ab’oludda oluvuganya gavumenti, UPND party.<ref name="bbc-15aug2016">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|title=Zambia's President Edgar Lungu declared election winner|work=BBC News|date=15 August 2016|access-date=17 May 2021|archive-date=26 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026223033/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021, okwalimu abalonzi 70% ku abo abaali basuubirwa, Hakainde Hichilema yawangula ebitundu 59% eby’obululu, ng’omuvuganya we eyali asingayo okuba ow’amaanyi, Edgar Chagwa Lungu, eyali pulezidenti mu kiseera ekyo, yafuna ebitundu 39% eby’obululu.<ref name="zm-elec-39">{{Cite news|url=https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm|title=Presidential Election Results|work=Electoral Commission of Zambia|date=16 August 2021|access-date=27 December 2021|archive-date=2 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102194510/https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm/}}</ref> Nga 16 Ogwomunaana Edgar Lungu yakkiriza mu kiwandiiko kye yafulumya ku ttivi, ng’aweereza ebbaluwa era ng’ayozayoza pulezidenti omulonde Hakainde Hichilema.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-08-16|title=Zambia election: Hakainde Hichilema beats President Edgar Lungu|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|access-date=2021-08-16|archive-date=24 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824152003/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|last=Kabwe|first=Zitto|author-link=Zitto Kabwe|user=zittokabwe|number=1426967254986629126|date=15 August 2021|title=#Zambia President @EdgarCLungu has conceded in a letter sent to now president elect @HHichilema of @UPNDZM. Once again Zambia has shown the world the level of its democratic maturity. Peaceful transfer of power is happening for third time in history. Congratulations Zambians|language=en|access-date=30 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827180204/https://twitter.com/zittokabwe/status/1426967254986629126|archive-date=27 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomunaana 2021, Hakainde Hichilema yalayizibwa nga pulezidenti wa Zambia omuggya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2021 |title=Zambia's Hakainde Hichilema sworn in as President in rare victory for an African opposition leader |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116213703/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |archive-date=16 November 2021 |access-date=16 November 2021}}</ref> '''Amaggye''' Mu 2019, Zambia yassa omukono ku ndagaano ya UN ekwata ku Kuziyiza eby'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa ebya Nukiriya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2017 |title=Chapter XXVI: Disarmament&nbsp;– No. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806220546/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |archive-date=6 August 2019 |access-date=18 October 2019 |publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection}}</ref> '''Amateeka n'eddembe ly'obuntu''' Gavumenti evunaanye abavumirira nga bakozesa ebigambo by'amateeka nti baali bawabya abantu. Amateeka agakwata ku kuwandiika ebintu ebikyamu gakozesebwa okukugira eddembe ly'okwogera ne bannamawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2015 |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225030706/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-date=2021-02-25 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=2009-2017.state.gov}}</ref> Ebikolwa eby'okweganza wakati w'abantu ab'ekikula ekimu kimenya mateeka eri abasajja n'abakazi mu Zambia.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 May 2016 |title=State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition |url=http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902183618/http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |archive-date=2 September 2017 |access-date=29 July 2017 |website=[[International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Daniel|last=Avery|title=71 Countries Where Homosexuality is Illegal|url=https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|work=Newsweek|date=4 April 2019|access-date=18 August 2019|archive-date=11 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211204842/https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|url-status=live}}</ref> Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu 2010 kwalaga nti ebitundu 2% ebya Bannansi ba Zambia bakitwala nti okulya ebisiyaga tekirina buzibu bwonna ku mpisa.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Meyer |first1=Birgit |date=2021 |title=What Is Religion in Africa? Relational Dynamics in an Entangled World |journal=Journal of Religion in Africa |publisher=Brill |volume=50 |issue=1–2 |pages=156–181 |doi=10.1163/15700666-12340184 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2019, kyategeezebwa nti Omubaka wa Amerika mu Zambia Daniel Lewis Foote "yakwatibwa ensisi" olw'engeri Zambia gy'ekuumamu abalyi b'ebisiyaga mu makomera. Oluvannyuma lw'okujulira ne kulema era nga n'abafumbo bano Japhet Chataba ne Steven Samba baasalirwa ekibonerezo kya kusibibwa emyaka 15 mu makomera, Foote yasaba gavumenti ya Zambia okuddamu okwekenneenya omusango guno n'amateeka ga Zambia agalwanyisa ebisiyaga. Foote yafuna obuzibu era n'asazaamu okujja mu bantu oluvannyuma lw'okutiisibwatiisibwa ku mikutu gya yintaneeti, era oluvannyuma lw'okulangirirwa Lungu nti y'omuntu ataagalwa mu ggwanga eryo.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 December 2019 |title=US recalls ambassador to Zambia after gay rights row |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231195603/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |archive-date=31 December 2019 |access-date=12 January 2020 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 2026, gavumenti ya Zambia yavumirirwa olw'okwongezaayo olukiiko olw'amaanyi olw'ensi yonna olw'eddembe ly'obuntu, RightsCon, ennaku musanvu zokka nga tezinnatuuka okubeerawo mu Lusaka. Olukiiko olwo oluvannyuma lwasazibwamu oluvannyuma lw'okumanya nti gavumenti ya Zambia yali esaba, kirabika nga kya kusaba kw'abakungu ba China, okulungamya n'okuggyako aboogezi okuva e Taiwan. Abakugu baayogedde ku kweraliikirira olw'okulondoola n'okweyongera kw'obulabe eri ebitongole by'obwanakyewa.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gault ·|first1=Matthew|title=World's Largest Digital Human Rights Conference Suddenly Canceled|url=https://www.404media.co/rightscon-human-rights-conference-suddenly-postponed/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=404 Media|date=29 April 2026|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Elliott|first1=Vittoria|title=The Chinese Government Just Got the World's Largest Digital Rights Conference Canceled|url=https://www.wired.com/story/the-chinese-government-pressured-zambia-to-cancel-the-worlds-largest-digital-rights-conference/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Wired|date=1 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hendrix|first1=Justin|title=RightsCon Canceled After Zambia Requires 'Full Alignment' With 'National Values'|url=https://www.techpolicy.press/rightscon-canceled-after-zambia-requires-full-alignment-with-national-values/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Tech Policy Press|date=30 April 2026|language=en}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo by'abantu''' Okusinziira ku kubala abantu okwa 2022 mu Zambia, omuwendo gw'abantu mu Zambia gwali 19,610,769.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia's Population up to 19,610,769 in 2022 from 13,092,666 in 2010 – Zambia Statistics Agency |url=https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305022051/https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |archive-date=5 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ebibinja by'abantu ebisinga obunene mu Zambia beebo abayitibwa Bemba obukadde 3.3 (33.6%), Nyanja obukadde 1.8 (18.2%), Tonga obukadde 1.7 (16.8%), Abantu ab’omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba 1,000,000 (10.3%), Abalozii (Barotse) 770,000 (7.8%), Abamabwe 580,000 (5.9%), Abatumbuka 500,000 (5.1%), Abalamba 165,000 (2%), Abayindi 11,900 n’Abazungu 6,200.<ref>{{cite journal |date=2 November 2023 |title=Zambia |url=https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909114747/https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |archive-date=9 September 2023 |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=minorityrights.org}}</ref> Zambia y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubeeramu abantu mu bibuga mu Afirika eri wansi wa Sahara, ng'ebitundu 44% eby'abantu babeera mu bitundu ebisinga okubeeramu entambula, so ng'ate ebyalo birimu abantu batono nnyo. Omuwendo gw'abaana abazaalibwa gwali 6.2 mu 2007 (6.1 mu 1996, 5.9 mu 2001–02).<ref>{{cite web |title=Welcome to the Official site of Zambian Statistics |url=http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113144454/http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-date=13 November 2014 |access-date=11 April 2014 |publisher=Zamstats.gov.zm}}</ref> '''Ebibuga ebisinga obunene''' Okutandika kw'okuyiikuula ekikomo mu makolero ku Copperbelt mu myaka gya 1920 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga. Wadde ng'okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga kwali kuteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, kyali kinene nnyo.[1] Ebibuga ebikolebwamu eby'obugagga ku Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali eteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, yali nnene nnyo.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Potts |first=Deborah |date=2005 |title=Counter-urbanisation on the Zambian Copperbelt? Interpretations and implications |journal=Urban Studies |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=583–609 |bibcode=2005UrbSt..42..583P |doi=10.1080/00420980500060137 |s2cid=154412136}}</ref> Ebibuga ebirimu ebirombe bya Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali y'etoloolera ku gaali z'omukka n'enguudo okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwe bironbe bya kkoppa okuyita mu Kapiri Mposhi, Lusaka, Choma ne Livingstone. '''Ebibinja by'abantu''' Zambia elimu ebika nga 73,<ref name="BritannicaPeople">{{Cite web |title=Zambia – People |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambia/People |access-date=1 October 2024 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref><ref name="epr">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> wadde mu nkola waliwo ebibinja ebitono ebirabika obulungi.[2] Abazambia abasinga boogera Olubantu.<ref name="epr2">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ebibinja ebisinga obunene mu lulimi bye Bemba, Nyanja (era ekiyitibwa Chewa), ne Tonga; ebibinja ebirala ebitali binene nnyo bye Kaonde, Lozi, Luanda, ne Luvale.[2]<ref name="epr" /> Mu 2010, omuwendo gw'abantu gwateeberezebwa okuba ebitundu 21% Bemba, ebitundu 13.6% Tonga, ebitundu 7.4% Chewa, ebitundu 5.7% Lozi, ebitundu 5.3% Nsenga, ebitundu 4.4% Tumbuka, ebitundu 4.0% Ngoni, ne 38.6% abalala.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Bemba kye kisinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkono, Luapula, ne Copperbelt; ekibinja kya Tonga mu bitundu by'Obukiikaddyo, n'eby'Obugwanjuba; n'ekibinja kya Lozi mu bitundu by'Obugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Tumbuka ekitono ennyo kisangibwa mu kiwonvu kya Luangwa mu Buvanjuba.[2] Tewali kibinja ky'abantu aboogera olulimi olumu abasinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ebitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba tebirimu bantu bangi nnyo.<ref name="epr3">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ng’oggyeko olulimi, obuwangwa bukulu mu Zambia.<ref name="epr3" />Obuwangwa buno batera okubukwataganya n’obwesigwa bw’amaka oba n’ab’obuyinza eb'ennono. Obuwangwa buno busengekeddwa mu bibinja by’ennimi ebikulu.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Posner |first=Daniel N. |date=2005-06-06 |title=Institutions and Ethnic Politics in Africa |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-83398-1 |language=en |doi=10.1017/CBO9780511808661 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083432/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |archive-date=2023-03-21}}</ref> Abagwiira, okusingira ddala Abangereza oba Aba South Afrika, wamu n'abamu ku bannansi ba Zambia abeeru Abazungu abava mu Bungereza, babeera nnyo mu Lusaka ne mu Copperbelt mu Bukiikakkono bwa Zambia, gye baba nga bakola mu birombe, mu by'ensimbi n'emirimu emirala egifaananako bwe gityo oba nga bawummudde. Waaliwo Abazungu 70,000 mu Zambia mu 1964, naye bangi okuva olwo bavudde mu ggwanga.<ref name="Zambia" /> Zambia erina abantu abatono naye nga balina omugaso mu byenfuna abava mu Asia, abasinga obungi ku bo Buhindi ne Bachina. Ekibinja kino eky’abantu abatono ky'ekikyasinze okufuga eby’enfuna nga kye kikola ku by’okutunda ebintu. Kiteeberezebwa nti Abachina nga 80,000 be baali babeera mu Zambia mu 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ZAMBIA: Zambians wary of |url=http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910230935/http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-date=2011-09-10 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=IRINnews}}</ref> Mu myaka egiyise, ebikumi n’ebikumi by’abalimi abazungu abaali bagobeddwa mu Zimbabwe baasengukira e Zambia oluvannyuma lw’okuyitibwa gavumenti ya Zambia, okutandika okulima mu matwae g'omu Bukiikaddyo.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zim's Loss, Zam's gain: White Zimbabweans making good in Zambia|date=June 2004|newspaper=The Economist|access-date=28 August 2009|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110215085211/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-date=15 February 2011}}</ref><ref name="Spiegel">{{Cite news|title=Settling in Zambia: Zimbabwe's Displaced Farmers Find a New Home|last=Thielke|first=Thilo|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|date=27 December 2004|access-date=28 August 2009|periodical=[[Der Spiegel]]|archive-date=19 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619050250/http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza okwalebwa ku banoonyi b'obubuddamu mu 2009 ekyakubibwa akakiikio ka America akavunanyizibwa ku banoonyi b'obubudamu n'abagwiira eka U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, Zambia yalina omuwendo gw’abanoonyi b’obubudamu n’abanoonya obubudamu nga bali 88,900. Abanoonyi b’obubudamu abasinga obungi mu ggwanga baava mu Democratic Republic of the Congo (ababundabunda 47,300 okuva mu DRC ng'ababeera mu Zambia mu 2007), Angola (27,100 Bannangola Zambia), Zimbabwe (5,400) ne Rwanda (4,900).<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009">{{cite news|title=World Refugee Survey 2009|publisher=U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants|url=http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211175633/http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-date=11 December 2013}}</ref> Bannansi ba Zambia okutwaliza awamu baaniriza abagwira. Okutandika mu Gwokutaano 2008, omuwendo gw'Abazimbabwe mu Zambia gwatandika okulinnya ennyo; okuyingira kwali kusinga kw'Abazimbabwe abaali babeera mu South Africa abaali badduka obutabanguko obwali mu ggwanga eryo.<ref name="IRIN">{{Cite news|title=Zambia: Rising levels of resentment towards Zimbabweans|date=9 June 2008|access-date=7 August 2023|periodical=[[The New Humanitarian|IRIN News]]|url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2008/06/09/rising-levels-resentment-towards-zimbabweans|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930005909/http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=78648|archive-date=2009-09-30}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Kumpi abanoonyi b'obubudamo 60,000 babeera mu nkambi mu Zambia, ate 50,000 babeera mu bantu ba bulijjo. Abanoonyi b'obubudamo abaagala okukola mu Zambia balina okusaba olukusa saako n'ebiwandiiko ebikukkiriza okukola nga bino biyinza okutwala ddoola 500 buli mwaka.<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009" /> '''Eddiini''' Zambia mu butongole "eggwanga ery'Ekiikuristaayo" wansi w'engyenderwaho y'eggwanga eya 1996, naye etegeera era n'ekuuma eddembe ly'eddiini.[1] Zambia lye ggwanga lyokka mu Afirika erirangirira Obukristaayo ng'eddiini y'eggwanga.[2] Ekitongole kya Zambia Statistics Agency mu 2022 kibalirira nti 98.0% ku Bannazambia Bakristaayo, nga 74.5% Bapulotesitanti, 17.9% Bakatoliki ate 5.6% Bajulirwa ba Yakuwa.[3] Ekitongole kya Zambia Conference of Catholic Bishops kye kibiina ky'abasumba Abakatoliki.[4] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] a1585r9iycvjk7v1xks320crp2jqv97 59339 59338 2026-07-06T16:11:45Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nterezezza mu mpandiika 59339 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Amawanga ga Luba-Lunda oluvannyuma gaakendeera olw'okutunda abaddu mu Atlantic mu Bugwanjuba ne mu Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba ne mu ntalo n'ebibinja ebyali byawuddwa ku bwakabaka. Aba Chokwe, ekibinja ekirina oluganda olw'okumpi ne Luvale era ne kitondebwawo ng'eggwanga lya Lunda satellite, mu kusooka gaakosebwa olw'obwetaavu bwabaddu eri Abazungu, naye bwe baawukana ku bwakabaka, bo bennyini baafuuka batunzi ba baddu abamanyiddwa ennyo, nga batunda abaddu ku mbalama zombi. Abachokwe oluvannyuma baawangulwa amawanga amalala n'Abaportugali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azuonye |first=Chukwuma |date=15 December 1996 |title=Chokwe: (Angola, Zambia) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ejao3vG6nfsC&pg=PA11 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-1990-1 |language=en}}</ref> Obutali butebenkevu buno bwaviirako okugwa kw'obwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'abantu okusaasaanira mu bitundu bya Zambia eby'enjawulo okuva mu Democratic Republic of the Congo. Abazambia abasinga obungi balina obuzaale mu bwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'obwakabaka obulala obuli mu Masekkati ga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1200, ng’eggwanga lya Luba-Lunda terinnatandikibwawo, ekibinja ky’aba Bantu baatandika okusenguka okuva mu Congo Basin okudda ku Nnyanja Mweru ate oluvannyuma ne basenga okumpi n’ennyanja Malawi. Abasenze bano balowoozebwa okuba nga baali abamu ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky’e Upemba mu Democratic Republic of Congo. Mu myaka gya 1400, ebibinja by’abasenze bano awamu baayitibwanga Maravi, era nga mu bo mwalimu Abachewa abaatandika okukoppa ebibinja by’aba Bantu nga Tumbuka.<ref name="Team">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 1480 Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwatandikibwawo kalonga (omukulu w'obwakabaka bwa Maravi) okuva mu kika kya Phiri, kimu ku bika ebikulu, ng'ebirala mulimu Banda, Mwale ne Nkhoma. Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwali buva ku Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Enkulaakulana y'ebyobufuzi ey'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi yali efaanana ey'Obwakabaka bwa Luba era kigambibwa nti bwavaayo. Ekyamaguzi ekikulu eky'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi kyali amasanga, agaatundibwanga okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Ekyuma nakyo kyakolebwanga era ne kitundibwa mu nsi endala. Mu myaka gya 1590, Abapotigo baagezaako okweddiza eby'obusuubuzi n’okutunda Maravi mu nsi endala. Okugezaako kuno kwaleetawo obusungu mu Maravi ab’e Lundu, abaasumulula eggye lyabwe erya WaZimba. WaZimba baalumba ebibuga by’Abapotigo eby’obusuubuzi nga Tete, Sena n’ebibuga ebirala bingi.<ref name="thinkafrica.net">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Abamaravi nabo bateeberezebwa okuba nga baaleeta obulombolombo obwandifuuse ekibiina kya Nyau eky'ekyama okuva e Upemba. Aba Nyau be bakola ku nzikiriza oba eddiini y'obuwangwa ey'abantu b'omu Maravi. Ekibiina kya Nyau kirimu okuzina okw'obulombolombo n'obukookolo obukozesebwa mu kuzina; enzikiriza eno yasaasaana okwetooloola ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maptia |title=The Secret Cult of Nyau Dancers |url=https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108130415/https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-date=8 November 2020 |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=Maptia |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwakendeera olw'enkaayana ezikwata ku busika mu mukago, okulumbibwa Ngoni n'okulumba abaddu okuva mu Yao.<ref name="thinkafrica.net2">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa ne Mfecane''' Ng'Obwakabaka bwa Great Zimbabwe bwali bukendedde, omu ku balangira baabwo, Nyatsimba Mutota, yava mu ggwanga n'atandikawo obwakabaka obupya obuyitibwa Mutapa. Ekitiibwa kya Mwene Mutapa, ekitegeeza "Omulumbaganyi w'Ensi", kyamuweebwa era n'abafuzi abaddirira.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mwene Matapa {{!}} historical dynastic title, southern Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520141810/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |archive-date=20 May 2023 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwafuganga ekitundu ekiri wakati w’Omugga Zambezi n’Omugga Limpopo, mu kitundu ekiriwo kati ekiyitibwa Zambia, Zimbabwe ne Mozambique, okuva mu kyasa ekya 14 okutuusa mu kyasa ekya 17. Mu ntikko yaabwo, Mutapa yali awambye ekitundu kya Dande eky’Omugga Tonga ne Tavara. Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwasinganga kwetaba mu by’obusuubuzi okusomoka Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okutuuka mu mawanga ag’omu Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Okufaananako abantu abaaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu mu Maravi, Mutapa yalina obuzibu n’abasuubuzi Abapotigo abaali bazze. Obutategeeragana buno we bwatuukira ku ntikko, Abapotigo baali bagezezzaako okukyusa mu nsonga z’omunda mu bwakabaka nga batandikawo obutale mu bwakabaka era nga bakyusa abantu okubayingiza Obukristaayo. Ekikolwa kino kyaleetawo obusungu mu Basiraamu AbaSwahili abaali babeera mu kibuga ekikulu, akavuyo kano kaawa Abapotigo ensonga gye baali banoonya okulumba obwakabaka era bagezeeko okufuga ebirombe by'abwo ebya zaabu n'enguudo awayitira amasanga. Obulumbaganyi buno bwagwa butaka Abapotigo bwe baalumbibwa endwadde nga bayita ku mugga Zambezi.<ref name="Mutapa">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1600 enkaayana ez'omunda n'olutalo lw'omunda byatandika okukendeera kwa Mutapa. Obwakabaka obwali bunafuye bwawangulwa Abapotigo era oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera bwatwalibwa amawanga ga Shona bwe baali bawalangana.<ref name="Mutapa2">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Abapotigo nabo baalina ettaka ddene, eryali limanyiddwa nga Prazos, era baakozesanga abaddu n'abaali abaddu ng'abakuumi n'abayizzi. Baatendekanga abasajja mu bukodyo bw'amagye era ne babawa emmundu. Abasajja bano baafuuka abayizzi b'enjovu abakugu era baali bamanyiddwa nga ba Chikunda. Oluvannyuma lw'okukendeera kw'Abapotigo, Chikunda baasobola okwesolossa munda mu Zambia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2019 |title=Chikunda |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227184451/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |archive-date=27 February 2021 |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Portugal okubeera mu kitundu ekyo kyali nsonga lwaki obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwatandikibwawo, eggwanga eryali lyetongodde ku Mutapa. Omukulembeze w'obwakabaka bwa Rozvi, Changamire Dombo, yafuuka omu ku bakulembeze abasingayo amaanyi mu byafaayo bya South-Central Africa. Wansi w'obukulembeze bwe, obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwawangula Abapotigo ne babaggya mu bifo mwe baali bakolera bizineesi ku mugga Zambezi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rozwi {{!}} historical state, Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125203243/https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |archive-date=25 January 2021 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Naye oboolyawo ekyokulabirako ekisinga okumanyibwa mu kino okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti kwe kweyongera kw’Abazulu wansi w’obukulembeze bwa Shaka. Okupikirizibwa okuva eri Abangereza abafuzi b’amatwale mu Cape ne okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti mu Bazulu kyavaako Mfecane (okunyigirizibwa). Abazulu beeyongera nga bayingiza abakazi n’abaana b’ebika bye baawangula, singa abasajja b’ebika bino ebya Nguni baawona okuttibwa, baakozesa obukodyo bw’amagye obw’Abazulu okulumba ebibinja ebirala.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Kino kyaviirako abantu bangi okusenguka, entalo n'obulumbaganyi mu Bukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati ne mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika nga ab'ekika kya Nguni oba Ngoni nga bakulembeddwamu Zwagendaba baasomoka omugga Zambezi nga batambulira mu Bukiikakkono. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni be baakuba ekibuga Maravi Empire ekyali kinafuye. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni abasinga obungi baasenga mu kitundu ekyali Zambia, [[Malawi]], [[Mozambique]] ne [[Tanzania]] era ne beegatta ku bika ebyali mu kitundu ekyo.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history2">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Zambia, ekibinja ekirala eky’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Afirika eky’Abasotho-Tswana abava mu Luba ne Lunda ezaagwa edda abayitibwa Abaluyana baawamba Kololo ne bamussaako olulimi Olukololo okutuusa Abaluyana lwe beekalakaasa ne baggyako Kololo mu kiseera kino olulimi Olukololo lwali lwerabiddwa era olulimi olupya olugattiddwa lwe lwavaamu, SiLozi era Abaluyana baatandika okweyita Abalozi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lozi {{!}} people |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528092724/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |archive-date=28 May 2023 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kya 18, Abamu ku Mbunda baasengukira mu Barotseland, Mongu oluvannyuma lw'okusenguka kw'abantu abalala, nga muno mwe muli, Ciyengele.<ref>'' The elites of Barotseland, 1878–1969: a political history of Zambia's Western Province'': a. Gerald L. Caplan, C. Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd, 1970, {{ISBN|0-900966-38-6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=maniacky |first=jacky |title=bantu zone K |url=http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140411045127/http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-date=2014-04-11 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.bantu-languages.com}}</ref> '''Ekiseera ky'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' '''Abazungu''' Omu ku Bulaaya abaasooka okuwandiikibwa nga baakyalako mu kitundu kino yali omuvumbuzi Omupotigo Francisco de Lacerda ku nkomerero y'ekyasa ekya 18. Lacerda yakulemberamu ekibinja ky'abavumbuzi okuva e Mozambique okutuuka mu kitundu ky'e Kazembe mu Zambia (nga balina ekiruubirirwa eky'okuvumbula n'okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa okuva ku lubalama lw'ennyanja okutuuka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja omulundi ogusooka),<ref>{{cite web |year=1798 |title=Instructions and Travel Diary that Governor Francisco Joze de Lacerda e Almeida Wrote about His Travel to the Center of Africa, Going to the River of Sena, in the Year of 1798 |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905135844/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |archive-date=5 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Library of Congress}}</ref> era n'afa mu kiseera ky'olugendo mu 1798. Olugendo luno okuva olwo lwakulemberwamu mukwano gwe Francisco Pinto.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hartnett |first=Craig |title=Portuguese Expedition to Northern Rhodesia, 1798–99 |url=http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924023553/http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Great North Road (GNR, Northern Rhodesia, Zambia) |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ekitundu kino, ekisangibwa wakati wa Mozambique ne [[Angola]], kyali kigambibwa nti kyali kya Bupotugo mu kiseera ekyo. Abalala abava mu Bulaaya baagoberera mu kyasa 19. Eyasinga okumanyika mu bano yali David Livingstone, eyalina okwolesebwa okw'okukomya okusuubula abaddu ng'ayita mu "3Cs": Obukristaayo, Ebyobusuubuzi, n'Obuwangwa. Ye Muzungu eyasooka okulaba ebisulo by'amazzi ebyewuunyisa ku Mugga Zambezi mu 1855, n'abyogerako bw'ati: "Ebifo ebirabika obulungi bityo biteekwa okuba nga byatunuulirwa bamalayika mu kudduka kwabwe".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Livingstone Discovers Victoria Falls, 1855 |url=http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522092057/http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |archive-date=22 May 2020 |access-date=28 May 2020 |website=EyeWitness to History}}</ref> Mu kitundu kino ebiyiriro bimanyiddwa nga "Mosi-o-Tunya" oba "omukka ogubwatuka" mu lulimi Lozi oba Kololo. Ekibuga Livingstone, okumpi n'ebiyiriro, kiyitibwa erinnya lye. Emboozi ezikwata ku ŋŋendo ze zaali zimanyiddwa nnyo ne kiviirako abagenyi bangi okuva mu Bulaaya, abaminsani, n'abasuubuzi oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwe mu 1873.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627015544/https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-date=27 June 2020 |website=The Provincial Administration Website}}</ref> '''Kampuni ya British South Africa Company''' Mu 1888, kampuni ya British South Africa Company (BSA Company), eyakulemberwa Cecil Rhodes, yafuna olukusa okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka okuva ku Litunga ow'abantu ba Lozi, omukulu w'essaza ly'abantu ba Lozi (Ba-rotse) mu kitundu ekyafuuka Barotziland-North-Western Rhodesia.<ref name="livingstone">{{cite web |author=Livingstone Tourism Association |title=Destination:Zambia&nbsp;– History and Culture |url=http://www.livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012153527/http://livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> Ebuvanjuba, mu Gwekkumineebiri 1897 ekibinja ky’Abangoni oba Abangoni (abaasibuka mu Zululand) beekalakaasa nga bakulemberwa Tsinco, mutabani wa Kabaka Mpezeni, naye obujeemu bwakomezebwawo,<ref name="unam">{{cite web |author1=Human Rights |author2=Documentation Centre |name-list-style=amp |title=Zambia: Historical Background |url=http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311093653/http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-date=11 March 2007 |access-date=14 January 2011}}</ref> era Mpezeni n’akkiriza Pax Britannica. Ekitundu ky’eggwanga ekyo kyatandika okumanyibwa nga Rhodesia ey'omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba. Mu 1895, Rhodes yasaba omusikawutu wa Omumerika Frederick Russell Burnham okunoonya eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka n’engeri y’okulongoosaamu entambula y’emigga mu kitundu ekyo, era mu lugendo luno mwe mwazuulibwa Frederick Russell Burnham eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka bingi ku mugga Kafue.<ref name="burnham1899">{{cite book |last=Burnham |first=Frederick Russell |author-link=Frederick Russell Burnham |year=1899 |title=Bulawayo Up-to-date; Being a General Sketch of Rhodesia |title-link=s:Northern Rhodesia |publisher=Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co. |editor-last=Wills |editor-first=Walter H. |pages=177–180 |chapter=Northern Rhodesia}}</ref> '''Obufuzi bw'amatwale ga Bungereza''' Mu 1953, okutondebwawo kwa Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland z'agatta wamu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono ne Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo, ne Nyasaland (kati Malawi) ng’ekitundu kimu ekyetongodde. Kino kyakolebwa wadde nga waaliwo okuwakanyizibwa okuva mu bantu abatono, abaakola okwekalakaasa okwaliwo mu 1960–61.<ref name="infoplease">{{cite web |author=Pearson Education |title=Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Federation of |url=http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012231959/http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> '''Obwetwaaze''' Omukago gwasaanyizibwawo nga 31 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, era mu Gwoluberyeberye 1964, Kaunda yawangula akalulu k'Obwaminisita bwa Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono. Gavana w'amatwale, Sir Evelyn Hone, yali mukwano nnyo gwa Kaunda era yamukubiriza okwesimbawo ku kifo ekyo. Mangu ddala oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, waaliwo okwekalakaasa mu Bukiikakkono bw'eggwanga eryo eryali limanyiddwa nga Lumpa Uprising nga lyali liduumirwa Alice Lenshina – Kaunda's first internal conflict as leader of the nation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2020 |title=Alice Lenshina |url=https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228081501/https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |archive-date=28 February 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=The British Empire}}</ref> Rhodesia yafuuka Republic of Zambia nga 24 Ogwekkumi 1964, nga Kenneth Kaunda ye pulezidenti eyasooka. Ku kufuna obwetwaze, wadde nga yalina ebyobugagga eby'omu ttaka ebingi, Zambia yasanga okusoomoozebwa okw'amaanyi. Munda mu ggwanga, waaliwo Abazambia abatendeke era abayivu abasukka mu 70,000 abaali basobola okuddukanya gavumenti, era ebyenfuna byali byesigamye nnyo ku bakugu okuva mu mawanga amalala. Obukugu buno bwaweebwa mu ngeri emu oba endala omubaka wa Bungereza mu Zambia John Willson.<ref>[http://www.chu.cam.ac.uk/archives/collections/BDOHP/Willson.pdf WILLSON, John Michael (born 15 July 1931)]{{Dead link|date=June 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}. BDOHP Biographical Details and Interview Index. chu.cam.ac.uk</ref> Waaliwo Abazungu abasukka mu 70,000 ababeera mu Zambia mu 1964, era baasigala nga ba mugaso nnyo mu byenfuna.<ref name="Zambia">{{Cite news|date=1964-10-25|title=1964: President Kaunda takes power in Zambia|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605125604/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-date=5 June 2013|access-date=2025-09-13|url-status=live|language=en-GB}}</ref> Kaunda okuwagira abayeekera ba Patriotic Front abaali bakola obulumbaganyi mu mawanga ag'omuliraano (Bukiikaddyo) Rhodesia kyaleetawo obunkenke mu by'obufuzi era ne kireetawo okukozesa amagye ku nsalo, era kino kyaviirako ensalo okuggalwa mu 1973.<ref name="blackfire">{{cite book |last=Raeburn |first=Michael |year=1978 |title=We are everywhere: Narratives from Rhodesian guerillas |url=https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-0-394-50530-5 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 1–209]}}</ref>Ebbibiro ly'amasannyalaze erya Kariba ku mugga Zambezi lyawa amasannyalaze agamala okukola ku byetaago by'eggwanga eby'amasannyalaze, wadde nga Rhodesia ye yali ekola ku by'amasannyalaze. Nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1978, ennyonyi ey'abantu ba bulijjo, Air Rhodesia Flight 825, yakubibwa amasasi okumpi ne Kariba abayeekera ba Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) abaakulemberwa Joshua Nkomo. Rhodesia yaddamu n'ekikwekweto kya Gatling, okulumba enkambi endala mu Zambia nga bakozesa amaanyi g'ennyonyi n'abajaasi abakugu mu kubuuka mu bbanga n'abajaasi abakugu mu kukozesa ennyonyi.<ref>{{cite web |title=GREEN LEADER. OPERATION GATLING, THE RHODESIAN MILITARY'S RESPONSE TO THE VISCOUNT TRAGEDY |url=http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125155440/http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-date=25 January 2017 |access-date=22 April 2017}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1970, Mozambique ne Angola zaali zifunye obwetwaze okuva ku Portugal. Gavumenti ya Rhodesia eyali esingamu abazungu, eyafulumya Ekirangiriro ky’Obwetwaze mu 1965, yakkiriza obufuzi obw’abantu abangi wansi w’Endagaano ya Lancaster House mu 1979.<ref name="zimstudy">{{cite book |last=Nelson |first=Harold |year=1983 |title=Zimbabwe: A Country Study |publisher=Claitors Publishing Division |isbn=978-0-16-001598-4 |pages=54–137}}</ref> Obukuubagano mu bitundu byombi ebyali bifugibwa Abapotigo n'olutalo lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwa [[Namibia]] byaviirako okuyingira kw'abanoonyi b'obubudamuera ne kyongera ku buzibu bw'ebyentambula. Oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Benguela, olwayita mu [[Angola]], lwaggalwawo ddala eri ebyentambula bya Zambia mu myaka gya 1970 egyali gisembayo. Zambia okuwagira ebibiina ebirwanyisa obusosoze mu mawanga nga African National Congress (ANC) era kyaleetawo obuzibu bw'ebyokwerinda ng'amagye ga South Africa Defence Force galumba ebifo ebitali bimu mu lutalo lw'okulwanyisa obwetwaze bwa Namibia.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Evans, M. |year=1984 |title=The Front-Line States, South Africa and Southern African Security: Military Prospects and Perspectives |url=http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/Journal%20of%20the%20University%20of%20Zimbabwe/vol12n1/juz012001002.pdf |journal=Zambezia |volume=12 |page=1}}</ref> '''Ebizibu by'ebyenfuna''' Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1970, omuwendo gwa kkopa, ekyamaguzi ekikulu ekiva mu Zambia, gwasereba nnyo mu nsi yonna. Mu mbeera ya Zambia, obungi bw'okutambuza kkopa eŋŋendo empanvu okutuuka mu katale kyali kizibu kinene. Zambia yasaba obuyambi okuva mu mawanga ag'ebweru n'ag'ensi yonna, naye, nga bbeeyi ya kkopa esigadde nga yasereba, kyeyongera okubeera ekizibu okusasula amabanja gaayo agaali geeyongera. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1990, wadde nga tewaaliwo kusonyiyibwa mabanja, ebbeyi ya kkopa eyali eva mu Zambia yali emu ku bintu ebyali bisinga okuba eby'ebbeeyi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia (12/08) |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625080205/https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |archive-date=25 June 2020 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> '''Okukola ku nsonga z'abantu''' Mu Gwomukaaga 1990, obwegugungo obwali buwakanya Kaunda bwatandika era abeekalakaasi bangi battibwa gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2020 |title=About Zambia |url=http://www.psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509233410/http://psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-date=9 May 2016 |access-date=20 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bartlett |first=David M. C. |date=2000 |title=Civil Society and Democracy: A Zambian Case Study |journal=Journal of Southern African Studies |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=429–446 |doi=10.1080/030570700750019655 |issn=0305-7070 |jstor=2637411 |s2cid=143480603}}</ref>Mu 1990, Kaunda yawona okulumbibwa amagye, era mu 1991, yakkiriza okuzzaawo enfuga ey'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, oluvannyuma lw'okussaawo enfuga ey'ekibiina ekimu wansi w'akakiiko ka Choma aka 1972. Oluvannyuma lw'okulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, Kaunda yaggyibwa mu woofiisi oluvannyuma lw'okuwangulwa mu kulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi Frederick Chiluba. Mu myaka gya 2000, ebyenfuna byanywerera, ne bituuka ku kweyongera kw'ebbeeyi y'ebintu mu 2006–2007, okweyongera kw'ebyenfuna, okukendeera kw'amagoba, n'okweyongera kw'omutindo gw'ebyobusuubuzi. Bingi ku kukulaakulana kuno kuvudde ku kusiga ensimbi okuva ebweru mu by'okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka n'okweyongera kw'emiwendo gy'ekikomo mu nsi yonna. Bino byonna byaleetera Zambia okusikirizibwa ennyo abagabi b'obuyambi era ne kireetera abasiga nsimbi okwongera okwesiga eggwanga lino. == Ebyobufuzi == Ebyobufuzi mu Zambia bitambulira mu nkola ey'omukulembeze w'eggwanga omukiise mu demokulasiya ow'eggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo, omukulembeze wa Zambia y'akulira eggwanga era akulira gavumenti mu ggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo. Gavumenti ekozesa obuyinza obw'okuteeka mu nkola, ate obuyinza obw'okukola amateeka buweebwa gavumenti ne paalamenti. Zambia yafuuka repubuliki oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu Gwekkumi 1964. Okuva mu 2011 okutuuka mu 2014, pulezidenti wa Zambia yali Michael Sata, okutuusa Sata lwe yafa nga 28 Ogwekkumi 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zambian President Michael Sata dies in London - BBC News|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705073526/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-date=2017-07-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=BBC News|language=en-GB}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Sata, omumyuka wa pulezidenti Guy Scott, Omuzambia ow'ensibuko y'Abasikawutu, yafuuka omukungu akola nga pulezidenti. Okulonda kwa pulezidenti kwaliwo nga 22 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015. Omugatte gw’abantu 11 abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti be beesimbawo mu kulonda era nga 24 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015, kyalangirirwa nti Edgar Chagwa Lungu yali awangudde okulonda okufuuka pulezidenti ow’omukaaga. Yawangula ebitundu 48.33% eby’obululu, ng’obululu 1.66% bwali bumusinga ku munnabyabufuzi akyasinze okuvuganya gavumenti, Hakainde Hichilema, eyafuna ebitundu 46.67%.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Defence Minister Lungu wins Zambia's disputed presidential race|url=http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305065726/http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-date=2016-03-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=Yahoo News|language=en-US}}</ref>Abantu abalala mwenda abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti baafuna obululu obutaweza na bitundu 1% ku bululu bwonna. Mu kulonda pkwaliwo mu Gwomunaana 2016 Zambian general election pulezidenti Edgar Lungu yawangula okulonda okw’omulundi ogw’okubiri. Omukago ogutaba ebibiina by’ebyobufuzi ogwa Patriotic Front (PF) gwagaana ebyali byogerwa ab’oludda oluvuganya gavumenti, UPND party.<ref name="bbc-15aug2016">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|title=Zambia's President Edgar Lungu declared election winner|work=BBC News|date=15 August 2016|access-date=17 May 2021|archive-date=26 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026223033/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021, okwalimu abalonzi 70% ku abo abaali basuubirwa, Hakainde Hichilema yawangula ebitundu 59% eby’obululu, ng’omuvuganya we eyali asingayo okuba ow’amaanyi, Edgar Chagwa Lungu, eyali pulezidenti mu kiseera ekyo, yafuna ebitundu 39% eby’obululu.<ref name="zm-elec-39">{{Cite news|url=https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm|title=Presidential Election Results|work=Electoral Commission of Zambia|date=16 August 2021|access-date=27 December 2021|archive-date=2 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102194510/https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm/}}</ref> Nga 16 Ogwomunaana Edgar Lungu yakkiriza mu kiwandiiko kye yafulumya ku ttivi, ng’aweereza ebbaluwa era ng’ayozayoza pulezidenti omulonde Hakainde Hichilema.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-08-16|title=Zambia election: Hakainde Hichilema beats President Edgar Lungu|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|access-date=2021-08-16|archive-date=24 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824152003/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|last=Kabwe|first=Zitto|author-link=Zitto Kabwe|user=zittokabwe|number=1426967254986629126|date=15 August 2021|title=#Zambia President @EdgarCLungu has conceded in a letter sent to now president elect @HHichilema of @UPNDZM. Once again Zambia has shown the world the level of its democratic maturity. Peaceful transfer of power is happening for third time in history. Congratulations Zambians|language=en|access-date=30 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827180204/https://twitter.com/zittokabwe/status/1426967254986629126|archive-date=27 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomunaana 2021, Hakainde Hichilema yalayizibwa nga pulezidenti wa Zambia omuggya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2021 |title=Zambia's Hakainde Hichilema sworn in as President in rare victory for an African opposition leader |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116213703/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |archive-date=16 November 2021 |access-date=16 November 2021}}</ref> '''Amaggye''' Mu 2019, Zambia yassa omukono ku ndagaano ya UN ekwata ku Kuziyiza eby'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa ebya Nukiriya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2017 |title=Chapter XXVI: Disarmament&nbsp;– No. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806220546/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |archive-date=6 August 2019 |access-date=18 October 2019 |publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection}}</ref> '''Amateeka n'eddembe ly'obuntu''' Gavumenti evunaanye abavumirira nga bakozesa ebigambo by'amateeka nti baali bawabya abantu. Amateeka agakwata ku kuwandiika ebintu ebikyamu gakozesebwa okukugira eddembe ly'okwogera ne bannamawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2015 |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225030706/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-date=2021-02-25 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=2009-2017.state.gov}}</ref> Ebikolwa eby'okweganza wakati w'abantu ab'ekikula ekimu kimenya mateeka eri abasajja n'abakazi mu Zambia.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 May 2016 |title=State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition |url=http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902183618/http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |archive-date=2 September 2017 |access-date=29 July 2017 |website=[[International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Daniel|last=Avery|title=71 Countries Where Homosexuality is Illegal|url=https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|work=Newsweek|date=4 April 2019|access-date=18 August 2019|archive-date=11 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211204842/https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|url-status=live}}</ref> Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu 2010 kwalaga nti ebitundu 2% ebya Bannansi ba Zambia bakitwala nti okulya ebisiyaga tekirina buzibu bwonna ku mpisa.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Meyer |first1=Birgit |date=2021 |title=What Is Religion in Africa? Relational Dynamics in an Entangled World |journal=Journal of Religion in Africa |publisher=Brill |volume=50 |issue=1–2 |pages=156–181 |doi=10.1163/15700666-12340184 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2019, kyategeezebwa nti Omubaka wa Amerika mu Zambia Daniel Lewis Foote "yakwatibwa ensisi" olw'engeri Zambia gy'ekuumamu abalyi b'ebisiyaga mu makomera. Oluvannyuma lw'okujulira ne kulema era nga n'abafumbo bano Japhet Chataba ne Steven Samba baasalirwa ekibonerezo kya kusibibwa emyaka 15 mu makomera, Foote yasaba gavumenti ya Zambia okuddamu okwekenneenya omusango guno n'amateeka ga Zambia agalwanyisa ebisiyaga. Foote yafuna obuzibu era n'asazaamu okujja mu bantu oluvannyuma lw'okutiisibwatiisibwa ku mikutu gya yintaneeti, era oluvannyuma lw'okulangirirwa Lungu nti y'omuntu ataagalwa mu ggwanga eryo.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 December 2019 |title=US recalls ambassador to Zambia after gay rights row |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231195603/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |archive-date=31 December 2019 |access-date=12 January 2020 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 2026, gavumenti ya Zambia yavumirirwa olw'okwongezaayo olukiiko olw'amaanyi olw'ensi yonna olw'eddembe ly'obuntu, RightsCon, ennaku musanvu zokka nga tezinnatuuka okubeerawo mu Lusaka. Olukiiko olwo oluvannyuma lwasazibwamu oluvannyuma lw'okumanya nti gavumenti ya Zambia yali esaba, kirabika nga kya kusaba kw'abakungu ba China, okulungamya n'okuggyako aboogezi okuva e Taiwan. Abakugu baayogedde ku kweraliikirira olw'okulondoola n'okweyongera kw'obulabe eri ebitongole by'obwanakyewa.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gault ·|first1=Matthew|title=World's Largest Digital Human Rights Conference Suddenly Canceled|url=https://www.404media.co/rightscon-human-rights-conference-suddenly-postponed/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=404 Media|date=29 April 2026|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Elliott|first1=Vittoria|title=The Chinese Government Just Got the World's Largest Digital Rights Conference Canceled|url=https://www.wired.com/story/the-chinese-government-pressured-zambia-to-cancel-the-worlds-largest-digital-rights-conference/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Wired|date=1 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hendrix|first1=Justin|title=RightsCon Canceled After Zambia Requires 'Full Alignment' With 'National Values'|url=https://www.techpolicy.press/rightscon-canceled-after-zambia-requires-full-alignment-with-national-values/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Tech Policy Press|date=30 April 2026|language=en}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo by'abantu''' Okusinziira ku kubala abantu okwa 2022 mu Zambia, omuwendo gw'abantu mu Zambia gwali 19,610,769.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia's Population up to 19,610,769 in 2022 from 13,092,666 in 2010 – Zambia Statistics Agency |url=https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305022051/https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |archive-date=5 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ebibinja by'abantu ebisinga obunene mu Zambia beebo abayitibwa Bemba obukadde 3.3 (33.6%), Nyanja obukadde 1.8 (18.2%), Tonga obukadde 1.7 (16.8%), Abantu ab’omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba 1,000,000 (10.3%), Abalozii (Barotse) 770,000 (7.8%), Abamabwe 580,000 (5.9%), Abatumbuka 500,000 (5.1%), Abalamba 165,000 (2%), Abayindi 11,900 n’Abazungu 6,200.<ref>{{cite journal |date=2 November 2023 |title=Zambia |url=https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909114747/https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |archive-date=9 September 2023 |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=minorityrights.org}}</ref> Zambia y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubeeramu abantu mu bibuga mu Afirika eri wansi wa Sahara, ng'ebitundu 44% eby'abantu babeera mu bitundu ebisinga okubeeramu entambula, so ng'ate ebyalo birimu abantu batono nnyo. Omuwendo gw'abaana abazaalibwa gwali 6.2 mu 2007 (6.1 mu 1996, 5.9 mu 2001–02).<ref>{{cite web |title=Welcome to the Official site of Zambian Statistics |url=http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113144454/http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-date=13 November 2014 |access-date=11 April 2014 |publisher=Zamstats.gov.zm}}</ref> '''Ebibuga ebisinga obunene''' Okutandika kw'okuyiikuula ekikomo mu makolero ku Copperbelt mu myaka gya 1920 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga. Wadde ng'okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga kwali kuteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, kyali kinene nnyo.[1] Ebibuga ebikolebwamu eby'obugagga ku Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali eteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, yali nnene nnyo.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Potts |first=Deborah |date=2005 |title=Counter-urbanisation on the Zambian Copperbelt? Interpretations and implications |journal=Urban Studies |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=583–609 |bibcode=2005UrbSt..42..583P |doi=10.1080/00420980500060137 |s2cid=154412136}}</ref> Ebibuga ebirimu ebirombe bya Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali y'etoloolera ku gaali z'omukka n'enguudo okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwe bironbe bya kkoppa okuyita mu Kapiri Mposhi, Lusaka, Choma ne Livingstone. '''Ebibinja by'abantu''' Zambia elimu ebika nga 73,<ref name="BritannicaPeople">{{Cite web |title=Zambia – People |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambia/People |access-date=1 October 2024 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref><ref name="epr">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> wadde mu nkola waliwo ebibinja ebitono ebirabika obulungi.[2] Abazambia abasinga boogera Olubantu.<ref name="epr2">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ebibinja ebisinga obunene mu lulimi bye Bemba, Nyanja (era ekiyitibwa Chewa), ne Tonga; ebibinja ebirala ebitali binene nnyo bye Kaonde, Lozi, Luanda, ne Luvale.[2]<ref name="epr" /> Mu 2010, omuwendo gw'abantu gwateeberezebwa okuba ebitundu 21% Bemba, ebitundu 13.6% Tonga, ebitundu 7.4% Chewa, ebitundu 5.7% Lozi, ebitundu 5.3% Nsenga, ebitundu 4.4% Tumbuka, ebitundu 4.0% Ngoni, ne 38.6% abalala.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Bemba kye kisinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkono, Luapula, ne Copperbelt; ekibinja kya Tonga mu bitundu by'Obukiikaddyo, n'eby'Obugwanjuba; n'ekibinja kya Lozi mu bitundu by'Obugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Tumbuka ekitono ennyo kisangibwa mu kiwonvu kya Luangwa mu Buvanjuba.[2] Tewali kibinja ky'abantu aboogera olulimi olumu abasinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ebitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba tebirimu bantu bangi nnyo.<ref name="epr3">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ng’oggyeko olulimi, obuwangwa bukulu mu Zambia.<ref name="epr3" />Obuwangwa buno batera okubukwataganya n’obwesigwa bw’amaka oba n’ab’obuyinza eb'ennono. Obuwangwa buno busengekeddwa mu bibinja by’ennimi ebikulu.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Posner |first=Daniel N. |date=2005-06-06 |title=Institutions and Ethnic Politics in Africa |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-83398-1 |language=en |doi=10.1017/CBO9780511808661 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083432/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |archive-date=2023-03-21}}</ref> Abagwiira, okusingira ddala Abangereza oba Aba South Afrika, wamu n'abamu ku bannansi ba Zambia abeeru Abazungu abava mu Bungereza, babeera nnyo mu Lusaka ne mu Copperbelt mu Bukiikakkono bwa Zambia, gye baba nga bakola mu birombe, mu by'ensimbi n'emirimu emirala egifaananako bwe gityo oba nga bawummudde. Waaliwo Abazungu 70,000 mu Zambia mu 1964, naye bangi okuva olwo bavudde mu ggwanga.<ref name="Zambia" /> Zambia erina abantu abatono naye nga balina omugaso mu byenfuna abava mu Asia, abasinga obungi ku bo Buhindi ne Bachina. Ekibinja kino eky’abantu abatono ky'ekikyasinze okufuga eby’enfuna nga kye kikola ku by’okutunda ebintu. Kiteeberezebwa nti Abachina nga 80,000 be baali babeera mu Zambia mu 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ZAMBIA: Zambians wary of |url=http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910230935/http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-date=2011-09-10 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=IRINnews}}</ref> Mu myaka egiyise, ebikumi n’ebikumi by’abalimi abazungu abaali bagobeddwa mu Zimbabwe baasengukira e Zambia oluvannyuma lw’okuyitibwa gavumenti ya Zambia, okutandika okulima mu matwae g'omu Bukiikaddyo.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zim's Loss, Zam's gain: White Zimbabweans making good in Zambia|date=June 2004|newspaper=The Economist|access-date=28 August 2009|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110215085211/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-date=15 February 2011}}</ref><ref name="Spiegel">{{Cite news|title=Settling in Zambia: Zimbabwe's Displaced Farmers Find a New Home|last=Thielke|first=Thilo|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|date=27 December 2004|access-date=28 August 2009|periodical=[[Der Spiegel]]|archive-date=19 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619050250/http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza okwalebwa ku banoonyi b'obubuddamu mu 2009 ekyakubibwa akakiikio ka America akavunanyizibwa ku banoonyi b'obubudamu n'abagwiira eka U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, Zambia yalina omuwendo gw’abanoonyi b’obubudamu n’abanoonya obubudamu nga bali 88,900. Abanoonyi b’obubudamu abasinga obungi mu ggwanga baava mu Democratic Republic of the Congo (ababundabunda 47,300 okuva mu DRC ng'ababeera mu Zambia mu 2007), Angola (27,100 Bannangola Zambia), Zimbabwe (5,400) ne Rwanda (4,900).<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009">{{cite news|title=World Refugee Survey 2009|publisher=U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants|url=http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211175633/http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-date=11 December 2013}}</ref> Bannansi ba Zambia okutwaliza awamu baaniriza abagwira. Okutandika mu Gwokutaano 2008, omuwendo gw'Abazimbabwe mu Zambia gwatandika okulinnya ennyo; okuyingira kwali kusinga kw'Abazimbabwe abaali babeera mu South Africa abaali badduka obutabanguko obwali mu ggwanga eryo.<ref name="IRIN">{{Cite news|title=Zambia: Rising levels of resentment towards Zimbabweans|date=9 June 2008|access-date=7 August 2023|periodical=[[The New Humanitarian|IRIN News]]|url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2008/06/09/rising-levels-resentment-towards-zimbabweans|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930005909/http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=78648|archive-date=2009-09-30}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Kumpi abanoonyi b'obubudamo 60,000 babeera mu nkambi mu Zambia, ate 50,000 babeera mu bantu ba bulijjo. Abanoonyi b'obubudamo abaagala okukola mu Zambia balina okusaba olukusa saako n'ebiwandiiko ebikukkiriza okukola nga bino biyinza okutwala ddoola 500 buli mwaka.<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009" /> '''Eddiini''' Zambia mu butongole "eggwanga ery'Ekiikuristaayo" wansi wa Ssemateeka w'eggwanga owa 1996, naye essa ekitiibwa mu kukuuma eddembe ly'eddiini n'okusinza.[1] Zambia lye ggwanga lyokka mu Afirika erirangirira Obukristaayo ng'eddiini y'eggwanga.[2] Ekitongole kya Zambia ekivunaanyizibwa ku kubala abantu ekya Zambia Statistics Agency mu 2022 kyabalirira nti 98.0% ku Bannazambia Bakristaayo, nga 74.5% Bapulotesitanti, 17.9% Bakatoliki ate 5.6% Bajulirwa ba Yakuwa.[3] Enzikiriza z'ekikulisitaayo mu Zambia mulimu Apolotesitante, Abavangelika saako n'Abapentecoote.[4] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] 6chn7gwntt5qf7nlnef39h0bo1nof5o 59340 59339 2026-07-06T16:13:57Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 59340 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Amawanga ga Luba-Lunda oluvannyuma gaakendeera olw'okutunda abaddu mu Atlantic mu Bugwanjuba ne mu Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba ne mu ntalo n'ebibinja ebyali byawuddwa ku bwakabaka. Aba Chokwe, ekibinja ekirina oluganda olw'okumpi ne Luvale era ne kitondebwawo ng'eggwanga lya Lunda satellite, mu kusooka gaakosebwa olw'obwetaavu bwabaddu eri Abazungu, naye bwe baawukana ku bwakabaka, bo bennyini baafuuka batunzi ba baddu abamanyiddwa ennyo, nga batunda abaddu ku mbalama zombi. Abachokwe oluvannyuma baawangulwa amawanga amalala n'Abaportugali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azuonye |first=Chukwuma |date=15 December 1996 |title=Chokwe: (Angola, Zambia) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ejao3vG6nfsC&pg=PA11 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-1990-1 |language=en}}</ref> Obutali butebenkevu buno bwaviirako okugwa kw'obwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'abantu okusaasaanira mu bitundu bya Zambia eby'enjawulo okuva mu Democratic Republic of the Congo. Abazambia abasinga obungi balina obuzaale mu bwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'obwakabaka obulala obuli mu Masekkati ga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1200, ng’eggwanga lya Luba-Lunda terinnatandikibwawo, ekibinja ky’aba Bantu baatandika okusenguka okuva mu Congo Basin okudda ku Nnyanja Mweru ate oluvannyuma ne basenga okumpi n’ennyanja Malawi. Abasenze bano balowoozebwa okuba nga baali abamu ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky’e Upemba mu Democratic Republic of Congo. Mu myaka gya 1400, ebibinja by’abasenze bano awamu baayitibwanga Maravi, era nga mu bo mwalimu Abachewa abaatandika okukoppa ebibinja by’aba Bantu nga Tumbuka.<ref name="Team">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 1480 Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwatandikibwawo kalonga (omukulu w'obwakabaka bwa Maravi) okuva mu kika kya Phiri, kimu ku bika ebikulu, ng'ebirala mulimu Banda, Mwale ne Nkhoma. Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwali buva ku Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Enkulaakulana y'ebyobufuzi ey'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi yali efaanana ey'Obwakabaka bwa Luba era kigambibwa nti bwavaayo. Ekyamaguzi ekikulu eky'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi kyali amasanga, agaatundibwanga okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Ekyuma nakyo kyakolebwanga era ne kitundibwa mu nsi endala. Mu myaka gya 1590, Abapotigo baagezaako okweddiza eby'obusuubuzi n’okutunda Maravi mu nsi endala. Okugezaako kuno kwaleetawo obusungu mu Maravi ab’e Lundu, abaasumulula eggye lyabwe erya WaZimba. WaZimba baalumba ebibuga by’Abapotigo eby’obusuubuzi nga Tete, Sena n’ebibuga ebirala bingi.<ref name="thinkafrica.net">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Abamaravi nabo bateeberezebwa okuba nga baaleeta obulombolombo obwandifuuse ekibiina kya Nyau eky'ekyama okuva e Upemba. Aba Nyau be bakola ku nzikiriza oba eddiini y'obuwangwa ey'abantu b'omu Maravi. Ekibiina kya Nyau kirimu okuzina okw'obulombolombo n'obukookolo obukozesebwa mu kuzina; enzikiriza eno yasaasaana okwetooloola ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maptia |title=The Secret Cult of Nyau Dancers |url=https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108130415/https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-date=8 November 2020 |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=Maptia |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwakendeera olw'enkaayana ezikwata ku busika mu mukago, okulumbibwa Ngoni n'okulumba abaddu okuva mu Yao.<ref name="thinkafrica.net2">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa ne Mfecane''' Ng'Obwakabaka bwa Great Zimbabwe bwali bukendedde, omu ku balangira baabwo, Nyatsimba Mutota, yava mu ggwanga n'atandikawo obwakabaka obupya obuyitibwa Mutapa. Ekitiibwa kya Mwene Mutapa, ekitegeeza "Omulumbaganyi w'Ensi", kyamuweebwa era n'abafuzi abaddirira.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mwene Matapa {{!}} historical dynastic title, southern Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520141810/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |archive-date=20 May 2023 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwafuganga ekitundu ekiri wakati w’Omugga Zambezi n’Omugga Limpopo, mu kitundu ekiriwo kati ekiyitibwa Zambia, Zimbabwe ne Mozambique, okuva mu kyasa ekya 14 okutuusa mu kyasa ekya 17. Mu ntikko yaabwo, Mutapa yali awambye ekitundu kya Dande eky’Omugga Tonga ne Tavara. Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwasinganga kwetaba mu by’obusuubuzi okusomoka Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okutuuka mu mawanga ag’omu Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Okufaananako abantu abaaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu mu Maravi, Mutapa yalina obuzibu n’abasuubuzi Abapotigo abaali bazze. Obutategeeragana buno we bwatuukira ku ntikko, Abapotigo baali bagezezzaako okukyusa mu nsonga z’omunda mu bwakabaka nga batandikawo obutale mu bwakabaka era nga bakyusa abantu okubayingiza Obukristaayo. Ekikolwa kino kyaleetawo obusungu mu Basiraamu AbaSwahili abaali babeera mu kibuga ekikulu, akavuyo kano kaawa Abapotigo ensonga gye baali banoonya okulumba obwakabaka era bagezeeko okufuga ebirombe by'abwo ebya zaabu n'enguudo awayitira amasanga. Obulumbaganyi buno bwagwa butaka Abapotigo bwe baalumbibwa endwadde nga bayita ku mugga Zambezi.<ref name="Mutapa">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1600 enkaayana ez'omunda n'olutalo lw'omunda byatandika okukendeera kwa Mutapa. Obwakabaka obwali bunafuye bwawangulwa Abapotigo era oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera bwatwalibwa amawanga ga Shona bwe baali bawalangana.<ref name="Mutapa2">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Abapotigo nabo baalina ettaka ddene, eryali limanyiddwa nga Prazos, era baakozesanga abaddu n'abaali abaddu ng'abakuumi n'abayizzi. Baatendekanga abasajja mu bukodyo bw'amagye era ne babawa emmundu. Abasajja bano baafuuka abayizzi b'enjovu abakugu era baali bamanyiddwa nga ba Chikunda. Oluvannyuma lw'okukendeera kw'Abapotigo, Chikunda baasobola okwesolossa munda mu Zambia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2019 |title=Chikunda |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227184451/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |archive-date=27 February 2021 |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Portugal okubeera mu kitundu ekyo kyali nsonga lwaki obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwatandikibwawo, eggwanga eryali lyetongodde ku Mutapa. Omukulembeze w'obwakabaka bwa Rozvi, Changamire Dombo, yafuuka omu ku bakulembeze abasingayo amaanyi mu byafaayo bya South-Central Africa. Wansi w'obukulembeze bwe, obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwawangula Abapotigo ne babaggya mu bifo mwe baali bakolera bizineesi ku mugga Zambezi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rozwi {{!}} historical state, Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125203243/https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |archive-date=25 January 2021 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Naye oboolyawo ekyokulabirako ekisinga okumanyibwa mu kino okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti kwe kweyongera kw’Abazulu wansi w’obukulembeze bwa Shaka. Okupikirizibwa okuva eri Abangereza abafuzi b’amatwale mu Cape ne okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti mu Bazulu kyavaako Mfecane (okunyigirizibwa). Abazulu beeyongera nga bayingiza abakazi n’abaana b’ebika bye baawangula, singa abasajja b’ebika bino ebya Nguni baawona okuttibwa, baakozesa obukodyo bw’amagye obw’Abazulu okulumba ebibinja ebirala.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Kino kyaviirako abantu bangi okusenguka, entalo n'obulumbaganyi mu Bukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati ne mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika nga ab'ekika kya Nguni oba Ngoni nga bakulembeddwamu Zwagendaba baasomoka omugga Zambezi nga batambulira mu Bukiikakkono. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni be baakuba ekibuga Maravi Empire ekyali kinafuye. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni abasinga obungi baasenga mu kitundu ekyali Zambia, [[Malawi]], [[Mozambique]] ne [[Tanzania]] era ne beegatta ku bika ebyali mu kitundu ekyo.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history2">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Zambia, ekibinja ekirala eky’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Afirika eky’Abasotho-Tswana abava mu Luba ne Lunda ezaagwa edda abayitibwa Abaluyana baawamba Kololo ne bamussaako olulimi Olukololo okutuusa Abaluyana lwe beekalakaasa ne baggyako Kololo mu kiseera kino olulimi Olukololo lwali lwerabiddwa era olulimi olupya olugattiddwa lwe lwavaamu, SiLozi era Abaluyana baatandika okweyita Abalozi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lozi {{!}} people |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528092724/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |archive-date=28 May 2023 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kya 18, Abamu ku Mbunda baasengukira mu Barotseland, Mongu oluvannyuma lw'okusenguka kw'abantu abalala, nga muno mwe muli, Ciyengele.<ref>'' The elites of Barotseland, 1878–1969: a political history of Zambia's Western Province'': a. Gerald L. Caplan, C. Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd, 1970, {{ISBN|0-900966-38-6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=maniacky |first=jacky |title=bantu zone K |url=http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140411045127/http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-date=2014-04-11 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.bantu-languages.com}}</ref> '''Ekiseera ky'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' '''Abazungu''' Omu ku Bulaaya abaasooka okuwandiikibwa nga baakyalako mu kitundu kino yali omuvumbuzi Omupotigo Francisco de Lacerda ku nkomerero y'ekyasa ekya 18. Lacerda yakulemberamu ekibinja ky'abavumbuzi okuva e Mozambique okutuuka mu kitundu ky'e Kazembe mu Zambia (nga balina ekiruubirirwa eky'okuvumbula n'okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa okuva ku lubalama lw'ennyanja okutuuka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja omulundi ogusooka),<ref>{{cite web |year=1798 |title=Instructions and Travel Diary that Governor Francisco Joze de Lacerda e Almeida Wrote about His Travel to the Center of Africa, Going to the River of Sena, in the Year of 1798 |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905135844/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |archive-date=5 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Library of Congress}}</ref> era n'afa mu kiseera ky'olugendo mu 1798. Olugendo luno okuva olwo lwakulemberwamu mukwano gwe Francisco Pinto.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hartnett |first=Craig |title=Portuguese Expedition to Northern Rhodesia, 1798–99 |url=http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924023553/http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Great North Road (GNR, Northern Rhodesia, Zambia) |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ekitundu kino, ekisangibwa wakati wa Mozambique ne [[Angola]], kyali kigambibwa nti kyali kya Bupotugo mu kiseera ekyo. Abalala abava mu Bulaaya baagoberera mu kyasa 19. Eyasinga okumanyika mu bano yali David Livingstone, eyalina okwolesebwa okw'okukomya okusuubula abaddu ng'ayita mu "3Cs": Obukristaayo, Ebyobusuubuzi, n'Obuwangwa. Ye Muzungu eyasooka okulaba ebisulo by'amazzi ebyewuunyisa ku Mugga Zambezi mu 1855, n'abyogerako bw'ati: "Ebifo ebirabika obulungi bityo biteekwa okuba nga byatunuulirwa bamalayika mu kudduka kwabwe".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Livingstone Discovers Victoria Falls, 1855 |url=http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522092057/http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |archive-date=22 May 2020 |access-date=28 May 2020 |website=EyeWitness to History}}</ref> Mu kitundu kino ebiyiriro bimanyiddwa nga "Mosi-o-Tunya" oba "omukka ogubwatuka" mu lulimi Lozi oba Kololo. Ekibuga Livingstone, okumpi n'ebiyiriro, kiyitibwa erinnya lye. Emboozi ezikwata ku ŋŋendo ze zaali zimanyiddwa nnyo ne kiviirako abagenyi bangi okuva mu Bulaaya, abaminsani, n'abasuubuzi oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwe mu 1873.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627015544/https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-date=27 June 2020 |website=The Provincial Administration Website}}</ref> '''Kampuni ya British South Africa Company''' Mu 1888, kampuni ya British South Africa Company (BSA Company), eyakulemberwa Cecil Rhodes, yafuna olukusa okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka okuva ku Litunga ow'abantu ba Lozi, omukulu w'essaza ly'abantu ba Lozi (Ba-rotse) mu kitundu ekyafuuka Barotziland-North-Western Rhodesia.<ref name="livingstone">{{cite web |author=Livingstone Tourism Association |title=Destination:Zambia&nbsp;– History and Culture |url=http://www.livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012153527/http://livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> Ebuvanjuba, mu Gwekkumineebiri 1897 ekibinja ky’Abangoni oba Abangoni (abaasibuka mu Zululand) beekalakaasa nga bakulemberwa Tsinco, mutabani wa Kabaka Mpezeni, naye obujeemu bwakomezebwawo,<ref name="unam">{{cite web |author1=Human Rights |author2=Documentation Centre |name-list-style=amp |title=Zambia: Historical Background |url=http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311093653/http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-date=11 March 2007 |access-date=14 January 2011}}</ref> era Mpezeni n’akkiriza Pax Britannica. Ekitundu ky’eggwanga ekyo kyatandika okumanyibwa nga Rhodesia ey'omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba. Mu 1895, Rhodes yasaba omusikawutu wa Omumerika Frederick Russell Burnham okunoonya eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka n’engeri y’okulongoosaamu entambula y’emigga mu kitundu ekyo, era mu lugendo luno mwe mwazuulibwa Frederick Russell Burnham eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka bingi ku mugga Kafue.<ref name="burnham1899">{{cite book |last=Burnham |first=Frederick Russell |author-link=Frederick Russell Burnham |year=1899 |title=Bulawayo Up-to-date; Being a General Sketch of Rhodesia |title-link=s:Northern Rhodesia |publisher=Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co. |editor-last=Wills |editor-first=Walter H. |pages=177–180 |chapter=Northern Rhodesia}}</ref> '''Obufuzi bw'amatwale ga Bungereza''' Mu 1953, okutondebwawo kwa Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland z'agatta wamu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono ne Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo, ne Nyasaland (kati Malawi) ng’ekitundu kimu ekyetongodde. Kino kyakolebwa wadde nga waaliwo okuwakanyizibwa okuva mu bantu abatono, abaakola okwekalakaasa okwaliwo mu 1960–61.<ref name="infoplease">{{cite web |author=Pearson Education |title=Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Federation of |url=http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012231959/http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> '''Obwetwaaze''' Omukago gwasaanyizibwawo nga 31 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, era mu Gwoluberyeberye 1964, Kaunda yawangula akalulu k'Obwaminisita bwa Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono. Gavana w'amatwale, Sir Evelyn Hone, yali mukwano nnyo gwa Kaunda era yamukubiriza okwesimbawo ku kifo ekyo. Mangu ddala oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, waaliwo okwekalakaasa mu Bukiikakkono bw'eggwanga eryo eryali limanyiddwa nga Lumpa Uprising nga lyali liduumirwa Alice Lenshina – Kaunda's first internal conflict as leader of the nation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2020 |title=Alice Lenshina |url=https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228081501/https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |archive-date=28 February 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=The British Empire}}</ref> Rhodesia yafuuka Republic of Zambia nga 24 Ogwekkumi 1964, nga Kenneth Kaunda ye pulezidenti eyasooka. Ku kufuna obwetwaze, wadde nga yalina ebyobugagga eby'omu ttaka ebingi, Zambia yasanga okusoomoozebwa okw'amaanyi. Munda mu ggwanga, waaliwo Abazambia abatendeke era abayivu abasukka mu 70,000 abaali basobola okuddukanya gavumenti, era ebyenfuna byali byesigamye nnyo ku bakugu okuva mu mawanga amalala. Obukugu buno bwaweebwa mu ngeri emu oba endala omubaka wa Bungereza mu Zambia John Willson.<ref>[http://www.chu.cam.ac.uk/archives/collections/BDOHP/Willson.pdf WILLSON, John Michael (born 15 July 1931)]{{Dead link|date=June 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}. BDOHP Biographical Details and Interview Index. chu.cam.ac.uk</ref> Waaliwo Abazungu abasukka mu 70,000 ababeera mu Zambia mu 1964, era baasigala nga ba mugaso nnyo mu byenfuna.<ref name="Zambia">{{Cite news|date=1964-10-25|title=1964: President Kaunda takes power in Zambia|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605125604/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-date=5 June 2013|access-date=2025-09-13|url-status=live|language=en-GB}}</ref> Kaunda okuwagira abayeekera ba Patriotic Front abaali bakola obulumbaganyi mu mawanga ag'omuliraano (Bukiikaddyo) Rhodesia kyaleetawo obunkenke mu by'obufuzi era ne kireetawo okukozesa amagye ku nsalo, era kino kyaviirako ensalo okuggalwa mu 1973.<ref name="blackfire">{{cite book |last=Raeburn |first=Michael |year=1978 |title=We are everywhere: Narratives from Rhodesian guerillas |url=https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-0-394-50530-5 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 1–209]}}</ref>Ebbibiro ly'amasannyalaze erya Kariba ku mugga Zambezi lyawa amasannyalaze agamala okukola ku byetaago by'eggwanga eby'amasannyalaze, wadde nga Rhodesia ye yali ekola ku by'amasannyalaze. Nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1978, ennyonyi ey'abantu ba bulijjo, Air Rhodesia Flight 825, yakubibwa amasasi okumpi ne Kariba abayeekera ba Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) abaakulemberwa Joshua Nkomo. Rhodesia yaddamu n'ekikwekweto kya Gatling, okulumba enkambi endala mu Zambia nga bakozesa amaanyi g'ennyonyi n'abajaasi abakugu mu kubuuka mu bbanga n'abajaasi abakugu mu kukozesa ennyonyi.<ref>{{cite web |title=GREEN LEADER. OPERATION GATLING, THE RHODESIAN MILITARY'S RESPONSE TO THE VISCOUNT TRAGEDY |url=http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125155440/http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-date=25 January 2017 |access-date=22 April 2017}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1970, Mozambique ne Angola zaali zifunye obwetwaze okuva ku Portugal. Gavumenti ya Rhodesia eyali esingamu abazungu, eyafulumya Ekirangiriro ky’Obwetwaze mu 1965, yakkiriza obufuzi obw’abantu abangi wansi w’Endagaano ya Lancaster House mu 1979.<ref name="zimstudy">{{cite book |last=Nelson |first=Harold |year=1983 |title=Zimbabwe: A Country Study |publisher=Claitors Publishing Division |isbn=978-0-16-001598-4 |pages=54–137}}</ref> Obukuubagano mu bitundu byombi ebyali bifugibwa Abapotigo n'olutalo lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwa [[Namibia]] byaviirako okuyingira kw'abanoonyi b'obubudamuera ne kyongera ku buzibu bw'ebyentambula. Oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Benguela, olwayita mu [[Angola]], lwaggalwawo ddala eri ebyentambula bya Zambia mu myaka gya 1970 egyali gisembayo. Zambia okuwagira ebibiina ebirwanyisa obusosoze mu mawanga nga African National Congress (ANC) era kyaleetawo obuzibu bw'ebyokwerinda ng'amagye ga South Africa Defence Force galumba ebifo ebitali bimu mu lutalo lw'okulwanyisa obwetwaze bwa Namibia.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Evans, M. |year=1984 |title=The Front-Line States, South Africa and Southern African Security: Military Prospects and Perspectives |url=http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/Journal%20of%20the%20University%20of%20Zimbabwe/vol12n1/juz012001002.pdf |journal=Zambezia |volume=12 |page=1}}</ref> '''Ebizibu by'ebyenfuna''' Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1970, omuwendo gwa kkopa, ekyamaguzi ekikulu ekiva mu Zambia, gwasereba nnyo mu nsi yonna. Mu mbeera ya Zambia, obungi bw'okutambuza kkopa eŋŋendo empanvu okutuuka mu katale kyali kizibu kinene. Zambia yasaba obuyambi okuva mu mawanga ag'ebweru n'ag'ensi yonna, naye, nga bbeeyi ya kkopa esigadde nga yasereba, kyeyongera okubeera ekizibu okusasula amabanja gaayo agaali geeyongera. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1990, wadde nga tewaaliwo kusonyiyibwa mabanja, ebbeyi ya kkopa eyali eva mu Zambia yali emu ku bintu ebyali bisinga okuba eby'ebbeeyi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia (12/08) |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625080205/https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |archive-date=25 June 2020 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> '''Okukola ku nsonga z'abantu''' Mu Gwomukaaga 1990, obwegugungo obwali buwakanya Kaunda bwatandika era abeekalakaasi bangi battibwa gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2020 |title=About Zambia |url=http://www.psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509233410/http://psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-date=9 May 2016 |access-date=20 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bartlett |first=David M. C. |date=2000 |title=Civil Society and Democracy: A Zambian Case Study |journal=Journal of Southern African Studies |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=429–446 |doi=10.1080/030570700750019655 |issn=0305-7070 |jstor=2637411 |s2cid=143480603}}</ref>Mu 1990, Kaunda yawona okulumbibwa amagye, era mu 1991, yakkiriza okuzzaawo enfuga ey'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, oluvannyuma lw'okussaawo enfuga ey'ekibiina ekimu wansi w'akakiiko ka Choma aka 1972. Oluvannyuma lw'okulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, Kaunda yaggyibwa mu woofiisi oluvannyuma lw'okuwangulwa mu kulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi Frederick Chiluba. Mu myaka gya 2000, ebyenfuna byanywerera, ne bituuka ku kweyongera kw'ebbeeyi y'ebintu mu 2006–2007, okweyongera kw'ebyenfuna, okukendeera kw'amagoba, n'okweyongera kw'omutindo gw'ebyobusuubuzi. Bingi ku kukulaakulana kuno kuvudde ku kusiga ensimbi okuva ebweru mu by'okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka n'okweyongera kw'emiwendo gy'ekikomo mu nsi yonna. Bino byonna byaleetera Zambia okusikirizibwa ennyo abagabi b'obuyambi era ne kireetera abasiga nsimbi okwongera okwesiga eggwanga lino. == Ebyobufuzi == Ebyobufuzi mu Zambia bitambulira mu nkola ey'omukulembeze w'eggwanga omukiise mu demokulasiya ow'eggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo, omukulembeze wa Zambia y'akulira eggwanga era akulira gavumenti mu ggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo. Gavumenti ekozesa obuyinza obw'okuteeka mu nkola, ate obuyinza obw'okukola amateeka buweebwa gavumenti ne paalamenti. Zambia yafuuka repubuliki oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu Gwekkumi 1964. Okuva mu 2011 okutuuka mu 2014, pulezidenti wa Zambia yali Michael Sata, okutuusa Sata lwe yafa nga 28 Ogwekkumi 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zambian President Michael Sata dies in London - BBC News|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705073526/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-date=2017-07-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=BBC News|language=en-GB}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Sata, omumyuka wa pulezidenti Guy Scott, Omuzambia ow'ensibuko y'Abasikawutu, yafuuka omukungu akola nga pulezidenti. Okulonda kwa pulezidenti kwaliwo nga 22 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015. Omugatte gw’abantu 11 abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti be beesimbawo mu kulonda era nga 24 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015, kyalangirirwa nti Edgar Chagwa Lungu yali awangudde okulonda okufuuka pulezidenti ow’omukaaga. Yawangula ebitundu 48.33% eby’obululu, ng’obululu 1.66% bwali bumusinga ku munnabyabufuzi akyasinze okuvuganya gavumenti, Hakainde Hichilema, eyafuna ebitundu 46.67%.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Defence Minister Lungu wins Zambia's disputed presidential race|url=http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305065726/http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-date=2016-03-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=Yahoo News|language=en-US}}</ref>Abantu abalala mwenda abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti baafuna obululu obutaweza na bitundu 1% ku bululu bwonna. Mu kulonda pkwaliwo mu Gwomunaana 2016 Zambian general election pulezidenti Edgar Lungu yawangula okulonda okw’omulundi ogw’okubiri. Omukago ogutaba ebibiina by’ebyobufuzi ogwa Patriotic Front (PF) gwagaana ebyali byogerwa ab’oludda oluvuganya gavumenti, UPND party.<ref name="bbc-15aug2016">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|title=Zambia's President Edgar Lungu declared election winner|work=BBC News|date=15 August 2016|access-date=17 May 2021|archive-date=26 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026223033/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021, okwalimu abalonzi 70% ku abo abaali basuubirwa, Hakainde Hichilema yawangula ebitundu 59% eby’obululu, ng’omuvuganya we eyali asingayo okuba ow’amaanyi, Edgar Chagwa Lungu, eyali pulezidenti mu kiseera ekyo, yafuna ebitundu 39% eby’obululu.<ref name="zm-elec-39">{{Cite news|url=https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm|title=Presidential Election Results|work=Electoral Commission of Zambia|date=16 August 2021|access-date=27 December 2021|archive-date=2 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102194510/https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm/}}</ref> Nga 16 Ogwomunaana Edgar Lungu yakkiriza mu kiwandiiko kye yafulumya ku ttivi, ng’aweereza ebbaluwa era ng’ayozayoza pulezidenti omulonde Hakainde Hichilema.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-08-16|title=Zambia election: Hakainde Hichilema beats President Edgar Lungu|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|access-date=2021-08-16|archive-date=24 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824152003/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|last=Kabwe|first=Zitto|author-link=Zitto Kabwe|user=zittokabwe|number=1426967254986629126|date=15 August 2021|title=#Zambia President @EdgarCLungu has conceded in a letter sent to now president elect @HHichilema of @UPNDZM. Once again Zambia has shown the world the level of its democratic maturity. Peaceful transfer of power is happening for third time in history. Congratulations Zambians|language=en|access-date=30 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827180204/https://twitter.com/zittokabwe/status/1426967254986629126|archive-date=27 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomunaana 2021, Hakainde Hichilema yalayizibwa nga pulezidenti wa Zambia omuggya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2021 |title=Zambia's Hakainde Hichilema sworn in as President in rare victory for an African opposition leader |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116213703/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |archive-date=16 November 2021 |access-date=16 November 2021}}</ref> '''Amaggye''' Mu 2019, Zambia yassa omukono ku ndagaano ya UN ekwata ku Kuziyiza eby'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa ebya Nukiriya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2017 |title=Chapter XXVI: Disarmament&nbsp;– No. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806220546/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |archive-date=6 August 2019 |access-date=18 October 2019 |publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection}}</ref> '''Amateeka n'eddembe ly'obuntu''' Gavumenti evunaanye abavumirira nga bakozesa ebigambo by'amateeka nti baali bawabya abantu. Amateeka agakwata ku kuwandiika ebintu ebikyamu gakozesebwa okukugira eddembe ly'okwogera ne bannamawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2015 |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225030706/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-date=2021-02-25 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=2009-2017.state.gov}}</ref> Ebikolwa eby'okweganza wakati w'abantu ab'ekikula ekimu kimenya mateeka eri abasajja n'abakazi mu Zambia.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 May 2016 |title=State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition |url=http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902183618/http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |archive-date=2 September 2017 |access-date=29 July 2017 |website=[[International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Daniel|last=Avery|title=71 Countries Where Homosexuality is Illegal|url=https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|work=Newsweek|date=4 April 2019|access-date=18 August 2019|archive-date=11 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211204842/https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|url-status=live}}</ref> Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu 2010 kwalaga nti ebitundu 2% ebya Bannansi ba Zambia bakitwala nti okulya ebisiyaga tekirina buzibu bwonna ku mpisa.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Meyer |first1=Birgit |date=2021 |title=What Is Religion in Africa? Relational Dynamics in an Entangled World |journal=Journal of Religion in Africa |publisher=Brill |volume=50 |issue=1–2 |pages=156–181 |doi=10.1163/15700666-12340184 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2019, kyategeezebwa nti Omubaka wa Amerika mu Zambia Daniel Lewis Foote "yakwatibwa ensisi" olw'engeri Zambia gy'ekuumamu abalyi b'ebisiyaga mu makomera. Oluvannyuma lw'okujulira ne kulema era nga n'abafumbo bano Japhet Chataba ne Steven Samba baasalirwa ekibonerezo kya kusibibwa emyaka 15 mu makomera, Foote yasaba gavumenti ya Zambia okuddamu okwekenneenya omusango guno n'amateeka ga Zambia agalwanyisa ebisiyaga. Foote yafuna obuzibu era n'asazaamu okujja mu bantu oluvannyuma lw'okutiisibwatiisibwa ku mikutu gya yintaneeti, era oluvannyuma lw'okulangirirwa Lungu nti y'omuntu ataagalwa mu ggwanga eryo.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 December 2019 |title=US recalls ambassador to Zambia after gay rights row |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231195603/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |archive-date=31 December 2019 |access-date=12 January 2020 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 2026, gavumenti ya Zambia yavumirirwa olw'okwongezaayo olukiiko olw'amaanyi olw'ensi yonna olw'eddembe ly'obuntu, RightsCon, ennaku musanvu zokka nga tezinnatuuka okubeerawo mu Lusaka. Olukiiko olwo oluvannyuma lwasazibwamu oluvannyuma lw'okumanya nti gavumenti ya Zambia yali esaba, kirabika nga kya kusaba kw'abakungu ba China, okulungamya n'okuggyako aboogezi okuva e Taiwan. Abakugu baayogedde ku kweraliikirira olw'okulondoola n'okweyongera kw'obulabe eri ebitongole by'obwanakyewa.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gault ·|first1=Matthew|title=World's Largest Digital Human Rights Conference Suddenly Canceled|url=https://www.404media.co/rightscon-human-rights-conference-suddenly-postponed/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=404 Media|date=29 April 2026|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Elliott|first1=Vittoria|title=The Chinese Government Just Got the World's Largest Digital Rights Conference Canceled|url=https://www.wired.com/story/the-chinese-government-pressured-zambia-to-cancel-the-worlds-largest-digital-rights-conference/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Wired|date=1 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hendrix|first1=Justin|title=RightsCon Canceled After Zambia Requires 'Full Alignment' With 'National Values'|url=https://www.techpolicy.press/rightscon-canceled-after-zambia-requires-full-alignment-with-national-values/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Tech Policy Press|date=30 April 2026|language=en}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo by'abantu''' Okusinziira ku kubala abantu okwa 2022 mu Zambia, omuwendo gw'abantu mu Zambia gwali 19,610,769.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia's Population up to 19,610,769 in 2022 from 13,092,666 in 2010 – Zambia Statistics Agency |url=https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305022051/https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |archive-date=5 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ebibinja by'abantu ebisinga obunene mu Zambia beebo abayitibwa Bemba obukadde 3.3 (33.6%), Nyanja obukadde 1.8 (18.2%), Tonga obukadde 1.7 (16.8%), Abantu ab’omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba 1,000,000 (10.3%), Abalozii (Barotse) 770,000 (7.8%), Abamabwe 580,000 (5.9%), Abatumbuka 500,000 (5.1%), Abalamba 165,000 (2%), Abayindi 11,900 n’Abazungu 6,200.<ref>{{cite journal |date=2 November 2023 |title=Zambia |url=https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909114747/https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |archive-date=9 September 2023 |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=minorityrights.org}}</ref> Zambia y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubeeramu abantu mu bibuga mu Afirika eri wansi wa Sahara, ng'ebitundu 44% eby'abantu babeera mu bitundu ebisinga okubeeramu entambula, so ng'ate ebyalo birimu abantu batono nnyo. Omuwendo gw'abaana abazaalibwa gwali 6.2 mu 2007 (6.1 mu 1996, 5.9 mu 2001–02).<ref>{{cite web |title=Welcome to the Official site of Zambian Statistics |url=http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113144454/http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-date=13 November 2014 |access-date=11 April 2014 |publisher=Zamstats.gov.zm}}</ref> '''Ebibuga ebisinga obunene''' Okutandika kw'okuyiikuula ekikomo mu makolero ku Copperbelt mu myaka gya 1920 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga. Wadde ng'okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga kwali kuteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, kyali kinene nnyo.[1] Ebibuga ebikolebwamu eby'obugagga ku Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali eteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, yali nnene nnyo.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Potts |first=Deborah |date=2005 |title=Counter-urbanisation on the Zambian Copperbelt? Interpretations and implications |journal=Urban Studies |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=583–609 |bibcode=2005UrbSt..42..583P |doi=10.1080/00420980500060137 |s2cid=154412136}}</ref> Ebibuga ebirimu ebirombe bya Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali y'etoloolera ku gaali z'omukka n'enguudo okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwe bironbe bya kkoppa okuyita mu Kapiri Mposhi, Lusaka, Choma ne Livingstone. '''Ebibinja by'abantu''' Zambia elimu ebika nga 73,<ref name="BritannicaPeople">{{Cite web |title=Zambia – People |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambia/People |access-date=1 October 2024 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref><ref name="epr">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> wadde mu nkola waliwo ebibinja ebitono ebirabika obulungi.[2] Abazambia abasinga boogera Olubantu.<ref name="epr2">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ebibinja ebisinga obunene mu lulimi bye Bemba, Nyanja (era ekiyitibwa Chewa), ne Tonga; ebibinja ebirala ebitali binene nnyo bye Kaonde, Lozi, Luanda, ne Luvale.[2]<ref name="epr" /> Mu 2010, omuwendo gw'abantu gwateeberezebwa okuba ebitundu 21% Bemba, ebitundu 13.6% Tonga, ebitundu 7.4% Chewa, ebitundu 5.7% Lozi, ebitundu 5.3% Nsenga, ebitundu 4.4% Tumbuka, ebitundu 4.0% Ngoni, ne 38.6% abalala.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Bemba kye kisinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkono, Luapula, ne Copperbelt; ekibinja kya Tonga mu bitundu by'Obukiikaddyo, n'eby'Obugwanjuba; n'ekibinja kya Lozi mu bitundu by'Obugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Tumbuka ekitono ennyo kisangibwa mu kiwonvu kya Luangwa mu Buvanjuba.[2] Tewali kibinja ky'abantu aboogera olulimi olumu abasinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ebitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba tebirimu bantu bangi nnyo.<ref name="epr3">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ng’oggyeko olulimi, obuwangwa bukulu mu Zambia.<ref name="epr3" />Obuwangwa buno batera okubukwataganya n’obwesigwa bw’amaka oba n’ab’obuyinza eb'ennono. Obuwangwa buno busengekeddwa mu bibinja by’ennimi ebikulu.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Posner |first=Daniel N. |date=2005-06-06 |title=Institutions and Ethnic Politics in Africa |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-83398-1 |language=en |doi=10.1017/CBO9780511808661 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083432/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |archive-date=2023-03-21}}</ref> Abagwiira, okusingira ddala Abangereza oba Aba South Afrika, wamu n'abamu ku bannansi ba Zambia abeeru Abazungu abava mu Bungereza, babeera nnyo mu Lusaka ne mu Copperbelt mu Bukiikakkono bwa Zambia, gye baba nga bakola mu birombe, mu by'ensimbi n'emirimu emirala egifaananako bwe gityo oba nga bawummudde. Waaliwo Abazungu 70,000 mu Zambia mu 1964, naye bangi okuva olwo bavudde mu ggwanga.<ref name="Zambia" /> Zambia erina abantu abatono naye nga balina omugaso mu byenfuna abava mu Asia, abasinga obungi ku bo Buhindi ne Bachina. Ekibinja kino eky’abantu abatono ky'ekikyasinze okufuga eby’enfuna nga kye kikola ku by’okutunda ebintu. Kiteeberezebwa nti Abachina nga 80,000 be baali babeera mu Zambia mu 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ZAMBIA: Zambians wary of |url=http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910230935/http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-date=2011-09-10 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=IRINnews}}</ref> Mu myaka egiyise, ebikumi n’ebikumi by’abalimi abazungu abaali bagobeddwa mu Zimbabwe baasengukira e Zambia oluvannyuma lw’okuyitibwa gavumenti ya Zambia, okutandika okulima mu matwae g'omu Bukiikaddyo.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zim's Loss, Zam's gain: White Zimbabweans making good in Zambia|date=June 2004|newspaper=The Economist|access-date=28 August 2009|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110215085211/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-date=15 February 2011}}</ref><ref name="Spiegel">{{Cite news|title=Settling in Zambia: Zimbabwe's Displaced Farmers Find a New Home|last=Thielke|first=Thilo|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|date=27 December 2004|access-date=28 August 2009|periodical=[[Der Spiegel]]|archive-date=19 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619050250/http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza okwalebwa ku banoonyi b'obubuddamu mu 2009 ekyakubibwa akakiikio ka America akavunanyizibwa ku banoonyi b'obubudamu n'abagwiira eka U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, Zambia yalina omuwendo gw’abanoonyi b’obubudamu n’abanoonya obubudamu nga bali 88,900. Abanoonyi b’obubudamu abasinga obungi mu ggwanga baava mu Democratic Republic of the Congo (ababundabunda 47,300 okuva mu DRC ng'ababeera mu Zambia mu 2007), Angola (27,100 Bannangola Zambia), Zimbabwe (5,400) ne Rwanda (4,900).<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009">{{cite news|title=World Refugee Survey 2009|publisher=U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants|url=http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211175633/http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-date=11 December 2013}}</ref> Bannansi ba Zambia okutwaliza awamu baaniriza abagwira. Okutandika mu Gwokutaano 2008, omuwendo gw'Abazimbabwe mu Zambia gwatandika okulinnya ennyo; okuyingira kwali kusinga kw'Abazimbabwe abaali babeera mu South Africa abaali badduka obutabanguko obwali mu ggwanga eryo.<ref name="IRIN">{{Cite news|title=Zambia: Rising levels of resentment towards Zimbabweans|date=9 June 2008|access-date=7 August 2023|periodical=[[The New Humanitarian|IRIN News]]|url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2008/06/09/rising-levels-resentment-towards-zimbabweans|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930005909/http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=78648|archive-date=2009-09-30}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Kumpi abanoonyi b'obubudamo 60,000 babeera mu nkambi mu Zambia, ate 50,000 babeera mu bantu ba bulijjo. Abanoonyi b'obubudamo abaagala okukola mu Zambia balina okusaba olukusa saako n'ebiwandiiko ebikukkiriza okukola nga bino biyinza okutwala ddoola 500 buli mwaka.<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009" /> '''Eddiini''' Zambia mu butongole "eggwanga ery'Ekiikuristaayo" wansi wa Ssemateeka w'eggwanga owa 1996, naye essa ekitiibwa mu kukuuma eddembe ly'eddiini n'okusinza.<ref>{{cite web |date=30 June 2008 |title=Constitution of Zambia, 1991(Amended to 1996) |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105055544/http://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |archive-date=5 November 2012 |access-date=18 December 2012 |publisher=Scribd.com}}</ref> Zambia lye ggwanga lyokka mu Afirika erirangirira Obukristaayo ng'eddiini y'eggwanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Haynes |first=N. |date=2021 |title=Taking Dominion in a Christian Nation: North American Political Theology in an African Context |journal=Pneuma |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=214–232 |doi=10.1163/15700747-bja10036 |hdl=20.500.11820/48b556a6-cf81-4058-bf5b-894934a35ca0 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ekitongole kya Zambia ekivunaanyizibwa ku kubala abantu ekya Zambia Statistics Agency mu 2022 kyabalirira nti 98.0% ku Bannazambia Bakristaayo, nga 74.5% Bapulotesitanti, 17.9% Bakatoliki ate 5.6% Bajulirwa ba Yakuwa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2025-07-24 |title=RELIGIOUS LANDSCAPE OF ZAMBIA: AN ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF THE 2022 CENSUS FINDINGS |url=https://www.amulufeblog.com/2025/07/religious-landscape-of-zambia.html |access-date=2026-02-12 |website=Amulufeblog |language=en}}</ref> Enzikiriza z'ekikulisitaayo mu Zambia mulimu Apolotesitante, Abavangelika saako n'Abapentecoote.<ref name=":1" /> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] oysn3ihaq06lj04ghza0bg2y7rmpmlh 59341 59340 2026-07-06T16:19:30Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ekiba 59341 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Amawanga ga Luba-Lunda oluvannyuma gaakendeera olw'okutunda abaddu mu Atlantic mu Bugwanjuba ne mu Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba ne mu ntalo n'ebibinja ebyali byawuddwa ku bwakabaka. Aba Chokwe, ekibinja ekirina oluganda olw'okumpi ne Luvale era ne kitondebwawo ng'eggwanga lya Lunda satellite, mu kusooka gaakosebwa olw'obwetaavu bwabaddu eri Abazungu, naye bwe baawukana ku bwakabaka, bo bennyini baafuuka batunzi ba baddu abamanyiddwa ennyo, nga batunda abaddu ku mbalama zombi. Abachokwe oluvannyuma baawangulwa amawanga amalala n'Abaportugali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azuonye |first=Chukwuma |date=15 December 1996 |title=Chokwe: (Angola, Zambia) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ejao3vG6nfsC&pg=PA11 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-1990-1 |language=en}}</ref> Obutali butebenkevu buno bwaviirako okugwa kw'obwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'abantu okusaasaanira mu bitundu bya Zambia eby'enjawulo okuva mu Democratic Republic of the Congo. Abazambia abasinga obungi balina obuzaale mu bwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'obwakabaka obulala obuli mu Masekkati ga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1200, ng’eggwanga lya Luba-Lunda terinnatandikibwawo, ekibinja ky’aba Bantu baatandika okusenguka okuva mu Congo Basin okudda ku Nnyanja Mweru ate oluvannyuma ne basenga okumpi n’ennyanja Malawi. Abasenze bano balowoozebwa okuba nga baali abamu ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky’e Upemba mu Democratic Republic of Congo. Mu myaka gya 1400, ebibinja by’abasenze bano awamu baayitibwanga Maravi, era nga mu bo mwalimu Abachewa abaatandika okukoppa ebibinja by’aba Bantu nga Tumbuka.<ref name="Team">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 1480 Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwatandikibwawo kalonga (omukulu w'obwakabaka bwa Maravi) okuva mu kika kya Phiri, kimu ku bika ebikulu, ng'ebirala mulimu Banda, Mwale ne Nkhoma. Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwali buva ku Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Enkulaakulana y'ebyobufuzi ey'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi yali efaanana ey'Obwakabaka bwa Luba era kigambibwa nti bwavaayo. Ekyamaguzi ekikulu eky'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi kyali amasanga, agaatundibwanga okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Ekyuma nakyo kyakolebwanga era ne kitundibwa mu nsi endala. Mu myaka gya 1590, Abapotigo baagezaako okweddiza eby'obusuubuzi n’okutunda Maravi mu nsi endala. Okugezaako kuno kwaleetawo obusungu mu Maravi ab’e Lundu, abaasumulula eggye lyabwe erya WaZimba. WaZimba baalumba ebibuga by’Abapotigo eby’obusuubuzi nga Tete, Sena n’ebibuga ebirala bingi.<ref name="thinkafrica.net">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Abamaravi nabo bateeberezebwa okuba nga baaleeta obulombolombo obwandifuuse ekibiina kya Nyau eky'ekyama okuva e Upemba. Aba Nyau be bakola ku nzikiriza oba eddiini y'obuwangwa ey'abantu b'omu Maravi. Ekibiina kya Nyau kirimu okuzina okw'obulombolombo n'obukookolo obukozesebwa mu kuzina; enzikiriza eno yasaasaana okwetooloola ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maptia |title=The Secret Cult of Nyau Dancers |url=https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108130415/https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-date=8 November 2020 |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=Maptia |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwakendeera olw'enkaayana ezikwata ku busika mu mukago, okulumbibwa Ngoni n'okulumba abaddu okuva mu Yao.<ref name="thinkafrica.net2">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa ne Mfecane''' Ng'Obwakabaka bwa Great Zimbabwe bwali bukendedde, omu ku balangira baabwo, Nyatsimba Mutota, yava mu ggwanga n'atandikawo obwakabaka obupya obuyitibwa Mutapa. Ekitiibwa kya Mwene Mutapa, ekitegeeza "Omulumbaganyi w'Ensi", kyamuweebwa era n'abafuzi abaddirira.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mwene Matapa {{!}} historical dynastic title, southern Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520141810/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |archive-date=20 May 2023 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwafuganga ekitundu ekiri wakati w’Omugga Zambezi n’Omugga Limpopo, mu kitundu ekiriwo kati ekiyitibwa Zambia, Zimbabwe ne Mozambique, okuva mu kyasa ekya 14 okutuusa mu kyasa ekya 17. Mu ntikko yaabwo, Mutapa yali awambye ekitundu kya Dande eky’Omugga Tonga ne Tavara. Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwasinganga kwetaba mu by’obusuubuzi okusomoka Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okutuuka mu mawanga ag’omu Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Okufaananako abantu abaaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu mu Maravi, Mutapa yalina obuzibu n’abasuubuzi Abapotigo abaali bazze. Obutategeeragana buno we bwatuukira ku ntikko, Abapotigo baali bagezezzaako okukyusa mu nsonga z’omunda mu bwakabaka nga batandikawo obutale mu bwakabaka era nga bakyusa abantu okubayingiza Obukristaayo. Ekikolwa kino kyaleetawo obusungu mu Basiraamu AbaSwahili abaali babeera mu kibuga ekikulu, akavuyo kano kaawa Abapotigo ensonga gye baali banoonya okulumba obwakabaka era bagezeeko okufuga ebirombe by'abwo ebya zaabu n'enguudo awayitira amasanga. Obulumbaganyi buno bwagwa butaka Abapotigo bwe baalumbibwa endwadde nga bayita ku mugga Zambezi.<ref name="Mutapa">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1600 enkaayana ez'omunda n'olutalo lw'omunda byatandika okukendeera kwa Mutapa. Obwakabaka obwali bunafuye bwawangulwa Abapotigo era oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera bwatwalibwa amawanga ga Shona bwe baali bawalangana.<ref name="Mutapa2">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Abapotigo nabo baalina ettaka ddene, eryali limanyiddwa nga Prazos, era baakozesanga abaddu n'abaali abaddu ng'abakuumi n'abayizzi. Baatendekanga abasajja mu bukodyo bw'amagye era ne babawa emmundu. Abasajja bano baafuuka abayizzi b'enjovu abakugu era baali bamanyiddwa nga ba Chikunda. Oluvannyuma lw'okukendeera kw'Abapotigo, Chikunda baasobola okwesolossa munda mu Zambia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2019 |title=Chikunda |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227184451/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |archive-date=27 February 2021 |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Portugal okubeera mu kitundu ekyo kyali nsonga lwaki obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwatandikibwawo, eggwanga eryali lyetongodde ku Mutapa. Omukulembeze w'obwakabaka bwa Rozvi, Changamire Dombo, yafuuka omu ku bakulembeze abasingayo amaanyi mu byafaayo bya South-Central Africa. Wansi w'obukulembeze bwe, obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwawangula Abapotigo ne babaggya mu bifo mwe baali bakolera bizineesi ku mugga Zambezi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rozwi {{!}} historical state, Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125203243/https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |archive-date=25 January 2021 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Naye oboolyawo ekyokulabirako ekisinga okumanyibwa mu kino okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti kwe kweyongera kw’Abazulu wansi w’obukulembeze bwa Shaka. Okupikirizibwa okuva eri Abangereza abafuzi b’amatwale mu Cape ne okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti mu Bazulu kyavaako Mfecane (okunyigirizibwa). Abazulu beeyongera nga bayingiza abakazi n’abaana b’ebika bye baawangula, singa abasajja b’ebika bino ebya Nguni baawona okuttibwa, baakozesa obukodyo bw’amagye obw’Abazulu okulumba ebibinja ebirala.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Kino kyaviirako abantu bangi okusenguka, entalo n'obulumbaganyi mu Bukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati ne mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika nga ab'ekika kya Nguni oba Ngoni nga bakulembeddwamu Zwagendaba baasomoka omugga Zambezi nga batambulira mu Bukiikakkono. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni be baakuba ekibuga Maravi Empire ekyali kinafuye. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni abasinga obungi baasenga mu kitundu ekyali Zambia, [[Malawi]], [[Mozambique]] ne [[Tanzania]] era ne beegatta ku bika ebyali mu kitundu ekyo.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history2">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Zambia, ekibinja ekirala eky’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Afirika eky’Abasotho-Tswana abava mu Luba ne Lunda ezaagwa edda abayitibwa Abaluyana baawamba Kololo ne bamussaako olulimi Olukololo okutuusa Abaluyana lwe beekalakaasa ne baggyako Kololo mu kiseera kino olulimi Olukololo lwali lwerabiddwa era olulimi olupya olugattiddwa lwe lwavaamu, SiLozi era Abaluyana baatandika okweyita Abalozi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lozi {{!}} people |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528092724/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |archive-date=28 May 2023 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kya 18, Abamu ku Mbunda baasengukira mu Barotseland, Mongu oluvannyuma lw'okusenguka kw'abantu abalala, nga muno mwe muli, Ciyengele.<ref>'' The elites of Barotseland, 1878–1969: a political history of Zambia's Western Province'': a. Gerald L. Caplan, C. Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd, 1970, {{ISBN|0-900966-38-6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=maniacky |first=jacky |title=bantu zone K |url=http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140411045127/http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-date=2014-04-11 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.bantu-languages.com}}</ref> '''Ekiseera ky'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' '''Abazungu''' Omu ku Bulaaya abaasooka okuwandiikibwa nga baakyalako mu kitundu kino yali omuvumbuzi Omupotigo Francisco de Lacerda ku nkomerero y'ekyasa ekya 18. Lacerda yakulemberamu ekibinja ky'abavumbuzi okuva e Mozambique okutuuka mu kitundu ky'e Kazembe mu Zambia (nga balina ekiruubirirwa eky'okuvumbula n'okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa okuva ku lubalama lw'ennyanja okutuuka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja omulundi ogusooka),<ref>{{cite web |year=1798 |title=Instructions and Travel Diary that Governor Francisco Joze de Lacerda e Almeida Wrote about His Travel to the Center of Africa, Going to the River of Sena, in the Year of 1798 |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905135844/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |archive-date=5 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Library of Congress}}</ref> era n'afa mu kiseera ky'olugendo mu 1798. Olugendo luno okuva olwo lwakulemberwamu mukwano gwe Francisco Pinto.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hartnett |first=Craig |title=Portuguese Expedition to Northern Rhodesia, 1798–99 |url=http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924023553/http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Great North Road (GNR, Northern Rhodesia, Zambia) |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ekitundu kino, ekisangibwa wakati wa Mozambique ne [[Angola]], kyali kigambibwa nti kyali kya Bupotugo mu kiseera ekyo. Abalala abava mu Bulaaya baagoberera mu kyasa 19. Eyasinga okumanyika mu bano yali David Livingstone, eyalina okwolesebwa okw'okukomya okusuubula abaddu ng'ayita mu "3Cs": Obukristaayo, Ebyobusuubuzi, n'Obuwangwa. Ye Muzungu eyasooka okulaba ebisulo by'amazzi ebyewuunyisa ku Mugga Zambezi mu 1855, n'abyogerako bw'ati: "Ebifo ebirabika obulungi bityo biteekwa okuba nga byatunuulirwa bamalayika mu kudduka kwabwe".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Livingstone Discovers Victoria Falls, 1855 |url=http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522092057/http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |archive-date=22 May 2020 |access-date=28 May 2020 |website=EyeWitness to History}}</ref> Mu kitundu kino ebiyiriro bimanyiddwa nga "Mosi-o-Tunya" oba "omukka ogubwatuka" mu lulimi Lozi oba Kololo. Ekibuga Livingstone, okumpi n'ebiyiriro, kiyitibwa erinnya lye. Emboozi ezikwata ku ŋŋendo ze zaali zimanyiddwa nnyo ne kiviirako abagenyi bangi okuva mu Bulaaya, abaminsani, n'abasuubuzi oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwe mu 1873.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627015544/https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-date=27 June 2020 |website=The Provincial Administration Website}}</ref> '''Kampuni ya British South Africa Company''' Mu 1888, kampuni ya British South Africa Company (BSA Company), eyakulemberwa Cecil Rhodes, yafuna olukusa okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka okuva ku Litunga ow'abantu ba Lozi, omukulu w'essaza ly'abantu ba Lozi (Ba-rotse) mu kitundu ekyafuuka Barotziland-North-Western Rhodesia.<ref name="livingstone">{{cite web |author=Livingstone Tourism Association |title=Destination:Zambia&nbsp;– History and Culture |url=http://www.livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012153527/http://livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> Ebuvanjuba, mu Gwekkumineebiri 1897 ekibinja ky’Abangoni oba Abangoni (abaasibuka mu Zululand) beekalakaasa nga bakulemberwa Tsinco, mutabani wa Kabaka Mpezeni, naye obujeemu bwakomezebwawo,<ref name="unam">{{cite web |author1=Human Rights |author2=Documentation Centre |name-list-style=amp |title=Zambia: Historical Background |url=http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311093653/http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-date=11 March 2007 |access-date=14 January 2011}}</ref> era Mpezeni n’akkiriza Pax Britannica. Ekitundu ky’eggwanga ekyo kyatandika okumanyibwa nga Rhodesia ey'omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba. Mu 1895, Rhodes yasaba omusikawutu wa Omumerika Frederick Russell Burnham okunoonya eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka n’engeri y’okulongoosaamu entambula y’emigga mu kitundu ekyo, era mu lugendo luno mwe mwazuulibwa Frederick Russell Burnham eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka bingi ku mugga Kafue.<ref name="burnham1899">{{cite book |last=Burnham |first=Frederick Russell |author-link=Frederick Russell Burnham |year=1899 |title=Bulawayo Up-to-date; Being a General Sketch of Rhodesia |title-link=s:Northern Rhodesia |publisher=Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co. |editor-last=Wills |editor-first=Walter H. |pages=177–180 |chapter=Northern Rhodesia}}</ref> '''Obufuzi bw'amatwale ga Bungereza''' Mu 1953, okutondebwawo kwa Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland z'agatta wamu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono ne Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo, ne Nyasaland (kati Malawi) ng’ekitundu kimu ekyetongodde. Kino kyakolebwa wadde nga waaliwo okuwakanyizibwa okuva mu bantu abatono, abaakola okwekalakaasa okwaliwo mu 1960–61.<ref name="infoplease">{{cite web |author=Pearson Education |title=Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Federation of |url=http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012231959/http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> '''Obwetwaaze''' Omukago gwasaanyizibwawo nga 31 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, era mu Gwoluberyeberye 1964, Kaunda yawangula akalulu k'Obwaminisita bwa Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono. Gavana w'amatwale, Sir Evelyn Hone, yali mukwano nnyo gwa Kaunda era yamukubiriza okwesimbawo ku kifo ekyo. Mangu ddala oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, waaliwo okwekalakaasa mu Bukiikakkono bw'eggwanga eryo eryali limanyiddwa nga Lumpa Uprising nga lyali liduumirwa Alice Lenshina – Kaunda's first internal conflict as leader of the nation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2020 |title=Alice Lenshina |url=https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228081501/https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |archive-date=28 February 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=The British Empire}}</ref> Rhodesia yafuuka Republic of Zambia nga 24 Ogwekkumi 1964, nga Kenneth Kaunda ye pulezidenti eyasooka. Ku kufuna obwetwaze, wadde nga yalina ebyobugagga eby'omu ttaka ebingi, Zambia yasanga okusoomoozebwa okw'amaanyi. Munda mu ggwanga, waaliwo Abazambia abatendeke era abayivu abasukka mu 70,000 abaali basobola okuddukanya gavumenti, era ebyenfuna byali byesigamye nnyo ku bakugu okuva mu mawanga amalala. Obukugu buno bwaweebwa mu ngeri emu oba endala omubaka wa Bungereza mu Zambia John Willson.<ref>[http://www.chu.cam.ac.uk/archives/collections/BDOHP/Willson.pdf WILLSON, John Michael (born 15 July 1931)]{{Dead link|date=June 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}. BDOHP Biographical Details and Interview Index. chu.cam.ac.uk</ref> Waaliwo Abazungu abasukka mu 70,000 ababeera mu Zambia mu 1964, era baasigala nga ba mugaso nnyo mu byenfuna.<ref name="Zambia">{{Cite news|date=1964-10-25|title=1964: President Kaunda takes power in Zambia|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605125604/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-date=5 June 2013|access-date=2025-09-13|url-status=live|language=en-GB}}</ref> Kaunda okuwagira abayeekera ba Patriotic Front abaali bakola obulumbaganyi mu mawanga ag'omuliraano (Bukiikaddyo) Rhodesia kyaleetawo obunkenke mu by'obufuzi era ne kireetawo okukozesa amagye ku nsalo, era kino kyaviirako ensalo okuggalwa mu 1973.<ref name="blackfire">{{cite book |last=Raeburn |first=Michael |year=1978 |title=We are everywhere: Narratives from Rhodesian guerillas |url=https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-0-394-50530-5 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 1–209]}}</ref>Ebbibiro ly'amasannyalaze erya Kariba ku mugga Zambezi lyawa amasannyalaze agamala okukola ku byetaago by'eggwanga eby'amasannyalaze, wadde nga Rhodesia ye yali ekola ku by'amasannyalaze. Nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1978, ennyonyi ey'abantu ba bulijjo, Air Rhodesia Flight 825, yakubibwa amasasi okumpi ne Kariba abayeekera ba Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) abaakulemberwa Joshua Nkomo. Rhodesia yaddamu n'ekikwekweto kya Gatling, okulumba enkambi endala mu Zambia nga bakozesa amaanyi g'ennyonyi n'abajaasi abakugu mu kubuuka mu bbanga n'abajaasi abakugu mu kukozesa ennyonyi.<ref>{{cite web |title=GREEN LEADER. OPERATION GATLING, THE RHODESIAN MILITARY'S RESPONSE TO THE VISCOUNT TRAGEDY |url=http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125155440/http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-date=25 January 2017 |access-date=22 April 2017}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1970, Mozambique ne Angola zaali zifunye obwetwaze okuva ku Portugal. Gavumenti ya Rhodesia eyali esingamu abazungu, eyafulumya Ekirangiriro ky’Obwetwaze mu 1965, yakkiriza obufuzi obw’abantu abangi wansi w’Endagaano ya Lancaster House mu 1979.<ref name="zimstudy">{{cite book |last=Nelson |first=Harold |year=1983 |title=Zimbabwe: A Country Study |publisher=Claitors Publishing Division |isbn=978-0-16-001598-4 |pages=54–137}}</ref> Obukuubagano mu bitundu byombi ebyali bifugibwa Abapotigo n'olutalo lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwa [[Namibia]] byaviirako okuyingira kw'abanoonyi b'obubudamuera ne kyongera ku buzibu bw'ebyentambula. Oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Benguela, olwayita mu [[Angola]], lwaggalwawo ddala eri ebyentambula bya Zambia mu myaka gya 1970 egyali gisembayo. Zambia okuwagira ebibiina ebirwanyisa obusosoze mu mawanga nga African National Congress (ANC) era kyaleetawo obuzibu bw'ebyokwerinda ng'amagye ga South Africa Defence Force galumba ebifo ebitali bimu mu lutalo lw'okulwanyisa obwetwaze bwa Namibia.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Evans, M. |year=1984 |title=The Front-Line States, South Africa and Southern African Security: Military Prospects and Perspectives |url=http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/Journal%20of%20the%20University%20of%20Zimbabwe/vol12n1/juz012001002.pdf |journal=Zambezia |volume=12 |page=1}}</ref> '''Ebizibu by'ebyenfuna''' Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1970, omuwendo gwa kkopa, ekyamaguzi ekikulu ekiva mu Zambia, gwasereba nnyo mu nsi yonna. Mu mbeera ya Zambia, obungi bw'okutambuza kkopa eŋŋendo empanvu okutuuka mu katale kyali kizibu kinene. Zambia yasaba obuyambi okuva mu mawanga ag'ebweru n'ag'ensi yonna, naye, nga bbeeyi ya kkopa esigadde nga yasereba, kyeyongera okubeera ekizibu okusasula amabanja gaayo agaali geeyongera. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1990, wadde nga tewaaliwo kusonyiyibwa mabanja, ebbeyi ya kkopa eyali eva mu Zambia yali emu ku bintu ebyali bisinga okuba eby'ebbeeyi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia (12/08) |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625080205/https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |archive-date=25 June 2020 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> '''Okukola ku nsonga z'abantu''' Mu Gwomukaaga 1990, obwegugungo obwali buwakanya Kaunda bwatandika era abeekalakaasi bangi battibwa gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2020 |title=About Zambia |url=http://www.psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509233410/http://psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-date=9 May 2016 |access-date=20 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bartlett |first=David M. C. |date=2000 |title=Civil Society and Democracy: A Zambian Case Study |journal=Journal of Southern African Studies |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=429–446 |doi=10.1080/030570700750019655 |issn=0305-7070 |jstor=2637411 |s2cid=143480603}}</ref>Mu 1990, Kaunda yawona okulumbibwa amagye, era mu 1991, yakkiriza okuzzaawo enfuga ey'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, oluvannyuma lw'okussaawo enfuga ey'ekibiina ekimu wansi w'akakiiko ka Choma aka 1972. Oluvannyuma lw'okulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, Kaunda yaggyibwa mu woofiisi oluvannyuma lw'okuwangulwa mu kulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi Frederick Chiluba. Mu myaka gya 2000, ebyenfuna byanywerera, ne bituuka ku kweyongera kw'ebbeeyi y'ebintu mu 2006–2007, okweyongera kw'ebyenfuna, okukendeera kw'amagoba, n'okweyongera kw'omutindo gw'ebyobusuubuzi. Bingi ku kukulaakulana kuno kuvudde ku kusiga ensimbi okuva ebweru mu by'okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka n'okweyongera kw'emiwendo gy'ekikomo mu nsi yonna. Bino byonna byaleetera Zambia okusikirizibwa ennyo abagabi b'obuyambi era ne kireetera abasiga nsimbi okwongera okwesiga eggwanga lino. == Ebyobufuzi == Ebyobufuzi mu Zambia bitambulira mu nkola ey'omukulembeze w'eggwanga omukiise mu demokulasiya ow'eggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo, omukulembeze wa Zambia y'akulira eggwanga era akulira gavumenti mu ggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo. Gavumenti ekozesa obuyinza obw'okuteeka mu nkola, ate obuyinza obw'okukola amateeka buweebwa gavumenti ne paalamenti. Zambia yafuuka repubuliki oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu Gwekkumi 1964. Okuva mu 2011 okutuuka mu 2014, pulezidenti wa Zambia yali Michael Sata, okutuusa Sata lwe yafa nga 28 Ogwekkumi 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zambian President Michael Sata dies in London - BBC News|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705073526/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-date=2017-07-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=BBC News|language=en-GB}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Sata, omumyuka wa pulezidenti Guy Scott, Omuzambia ow'ensibuko y'Abasikawutu, yafuuka omukungu akola nga pulezidenti. Okulonda kwa pulezidenti kwaliwo nga 22 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015. Omugatte gw’abantu 11 abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti be beesimbawo mu kulonda era nga 24 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015, kyalangirirwa nti Edgar Chagwa Lungu yali awangudde okulonda okufuuka pulezidenti ow’omukaaga. Yawangula ebitundu 48.33% eby’obululu, ng’obululu 1.66% bwali bumusinga ku munnabyabufuzi akyasinze okuvuganya gavumenti, Hakainde Hichilema, eyafuna ebitundu 46.67%.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Defence Minister Lungu wins Zambia's disputed presidential race|url=http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305065726/http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-date=2016-03-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=Yahoo News|language=en-US}}</ref>Abantu abalala mwenda abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti baafuna obululu obutaweza na bitundu 1% ku bululu bwonna. Mu kulonda pkwaliwo mu Gwomunaana 2016 Zambian general election pulezidenti Edgar Lungu yawangula okulonda okw’omulundi ogw’okubiri. Omukago ogutaba ebibiina by’ebyobufuzi ogwa Patriotic Front (PF) gwagaana ebyali byogerwa ab’oludda oluvuganya gavumenti, UPND party.<ref name="bbc-15aug2016">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|title=Zambia's President Edgar Lungu declared election winner|work=BBC News|date=15 August 2016|access-date=17 May 2021|archive-date=26 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026223033/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021, okwalimu abalonzi 70% ku abo abaali basuubirwa, Hakainde Hichilema yawangula ebitundu 59% eby’obululu, ng’omuvuganya we eyali asingayo okuba ow’amaanyi, Edgar Chagwa Lungu, eyali pulezidenti mu kiseera ekyo, yafuna ebitundu 39% eby’obululu.<ref name="zm-elec-39">{{Cite news|url=https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm|title=Presidential Election Results|work=Electoral Commission of Zambia|date=16 August 2021|access-date=27 December 2021|archive-date=2 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102194510/https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm/}}</ref> Nga 16 Ogwomunaana Edgar Lungu yakkiriza mu kiwandiiko kye yafulumya ku ttivi, ng’aweereza ebbaluwa era ng’ayozayoza pulezidenti omulonde Hakainde Hichilema.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-08-16|title=Zambia election: Hakainde Hichilema beats President Edgar Lungu|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|access-date=2021-08-16|archive-date=24 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824152003/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|last=Kabwe|first=Zitto|author-link=Zitto Kabwe|user=zittokabwe|number=1426967254986629126|date=15 August 2021|title=#Zambia President @EdgarCLungu has conceded in a letter sent to now president elect @HHichilema of @UPNDZM. Once again Zambia has shown the world the level of its democratic maturity. Peaceful transfer of power is happening for third time in history. Congratulations Zambians|language=en|access-date=30 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827180204/https://twitter.com/zittokabwe/status/1426967254986629126|archive-date=27 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomunaana 2021, Hakainde Hichilema yalayizibwa nga pulezidenti wa Zambia omuggya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2021 |title=Zambia's Hakainde Hichilema sworn in as President in rare victory for an African opposition leader |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116213703/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |archive-date=16 November 2021 |access-date=16 November 2021}}</ref> '''Amaggye''' Mu 2019, Zambia yassa omukono ku ndagaano ya UN ekwata ku Kuziyiza eby'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa ebya Nukiriya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2017 |title=Chapter XXVI: Disarmament&nbsp;– No. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806220546/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |archive-date=6 August 2019 |access-date=18 October 2019 |publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection}}</ref> '''Amateeka n'eddembe ly'obuntu''' Gavumenti evunaanye abavumirira nga bakozesa ebigambo by'amateeka nti baali bawabya abantu. Amateeka agakwata ku kuwandiika ebintu ebikyamu gakozesebwa okukugira eddembe ly'okwogera ne bannamawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2015 |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225030706/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-date=2021-02-25 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=2009-2017.state.gov}}</ref> Ebikolwa eby'okweganza wakati w'abantu ab'ekikula ekimu kimenya mateeka eri abasajja n'abakazi mu Zambia.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 May 2016 |title=State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition |url=http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902183618/http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |archive-date=2 September 2017 |access-date=29 July 2017 |website=[[International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Daniel|last=Avery|title=71 Countries Where Homosexuality is Illegal|url=https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|work=Newsweek|date=4 April 2019|access-date=18 August 2019|archive-date=11 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211204842/https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|url-status=live}}</ref> Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu 2010 kwalaga nti ebitundu 2% ebya Bannansi ba Zambia bakitwala nti okulya ebisiyaga tekirina buzibu bwonna ku mpisa.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Meyer |first1=Birgit |date=2021 |title=What Is Religion in Africa? Relational Dynamics in an Entangled World |journal=Journal of Religion in Africa |publisher=Brill |volume=50 |issue=1–2 |pages=156–181 |doi=10.1163/15700666-12340184 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2019, kyategeezebwa nti Omubaka wa Amerika mu Zambia Daniel Lewis Foote "yakwatibwa ensisi" olw'engeri Zambia gy'ekuumamu abalyi b'ebisiyaga mu makomera. Oluvannyuma lw'okujulira ne kulema era nga n'abafumbo bano Japhet Chataba ne Steven Samba baasalirwa ekibonerezo kya kusibibwa emyaka 15 mu makomera, Foote yasaba gavumenti ya Zambia okuddamu okwekenneenya omusango guno n'amateeka ga Zambia agalwanyisa ebisiyaga. Foote yafuna obuzibu era n'asazaamu okujja mu bantu oluvannyuma lw'okutiisibwatiisibwa ku mikutu gya yintaneeti, era oluvannyuma lw'okulangirirwa Lungu nti y'omuntu ataagalwa mu ggwanga eryo.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 December 2019 |title=US recalls ambassador to Zambia after gay rights row |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231195603/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |archive-date=31 December 2019 |access-date=12 January 2020 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 2026, gavumenti ya Zambia yavumirirwa olw'okwongezaayo olukiiko olw'amaanyi olw'ensi yonna olw'eddembe ly'obuntu, RightsCon, ennaku musanvu zokka nga tezinnatuuka okubeerawo mu Lusaka. Olukiiko olwo oluvannyuma lwasazibwamu oluvannyuma lw'okumanya nti gavumenti ya Zambia yali esaba, kirabika nga kya kusaba kw'abakungu ba China, okulungamya n'okuggyako aboogezi okuva e Taiwan. Abakugu baayogedde ku kweraliikirira olw'okulondoola n'okweyongera kw'obulabe eri ebitongole by'obwanakyewa.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gault ·|first1=Matthew|title=World's Largest Digital Human Rights Conference Suddenly Canceled|url=https://www.404media.co/rightscon-human-rights-conference-suddenly-postponed/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=404 Media|date=29 April 2026|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Elliott|first1=Vittoria|title=The Chinese Government Just Got the World's Largest Digital Rights Conference Canceled|url=https://www.wired.com/story/the-chinese-government-pressured-zambia-to-cancel-the-worlds-largest-digital-rights-conference/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Wired|date=1 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hendrix|first1=Justin|title=RightsCon Canceled After Zambia Requires 'Full Alignment' With 'National Values'|url=https://www.techpolicy.press/rightscon-canceled-after-zambia-requires-full-alignment-with-national-values/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Tech Policy Press|date=30 April 2026|language=en}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo by'abantu''' Okusinziira ku kubala abantu okwa 2022 mu Zambia, omuwendo gw'abantu mu Zambia gwali 19,610,769.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia's Population up to 19,610,769 in 2022 from 13,092,666 in 2010 – Zambia Statistics Agency |url=https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305022051/https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |archive-date=5 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ebibinja by'abantu ebisinga obunene mu Zambia beebo abayitibwa Bemba obukadde 3.3 (33.6%), Nyanja obukadde 1.8 (18.2%), Tonga obukadde 1.7 (16.8%), Abantu ab’omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba 1,000,000 (10.3%), Abalozii (Barotse) 770,000 (7.8%), Abamabwe 580,000 (5.9%), Abatumbuka 500,000 (5.1%), Abalamba 165,000 (2%), Abayindi 11,900 n’Abazungu 6,200.<ref>{{cite journal |date=2 November 2023 |title=Zambia |url=https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909114747/https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |archive-date=9 September 2023 |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=minorityrights.org}}</ref> Zambia y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubeeramu abantu mu bibuga mu Afirika eri wansi wa Sahara, ng'ebitundu 44% eby'abantu babeera mu bitundu ebisinga okubeeramu entambula, so ng'ate ebyalo birimu abantu batono nnyo. Omuwendo gw'abaana abazaalibwa gwali 6.2 mu 2007 (6.1 mu 1996, 5.9 mu 2001–02).<ref>{{cite web |title=Welcome to the Official site of Zambian Statistics |url=http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113144454/http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-date=13 November 2014 |access-date=11 April 2014 |publisher=Zamstats.gov.zm}}</ref> '''Ebibuga ebisinga obunene''' Okutandika kw'okuyiikuula ekikomo mu makolero ku Copperbelt mu myaka gya 1920 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga. Wadde ng'okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga kwali kuteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, kyali kinene nnyo.[1] Ebibuga ebikolebwamu eby'obugagga ku Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali eteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, yali nnene nnyo.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Potts |first=Deborah |date=2005 |title=Counter-urbanisation on the Zambian Copperbelt? Interpretations and implications |journal=Urban Studies |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=583–609 |bibcode=2005UrbSt..42..583P |doi=10.1080/00420980500060137 |s2cid=154412136}}</ref> Ebibuga ebirimu ebirombe bya Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali y'etoloolera ku gaali z'omukka n'enguudo okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwe bironbe bya kkoppa okuyita mu Kapiri Mposhi, Lusaka, Choma ne Livingstone. '''Ebibinja by'abantu''' Zambia elimu ebika nga 73,<ref name="BritannicaPeople">{{Cite web |title=Zambia – People |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambia/People |access-date=1 October 2024 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref><ref name="epr">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> wadde mu nkola waliwo ebibinja ebitono ebirabika obulungi.[2] Abazambia abasinga boogera Olubantu.<ref name="epr2">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ebibinja ebisinga obunene mu lulimi bye Bemba, Nyanja (era ekiyitibwa Chewa), ne Tonga; ebibinja ebirala ebitali binene nnyo bye Kaonde, Lozi, Luanda, ne Luvale.[2]<ref name="epr" /> Mu 2010, omuwendo gw'abantu gwateeberezebwa okuba ebitundu 21% Bemba, ebitundu 13.6% Tonga, ebitundu 7.4% Chewa, ebitundu 5.7% Lozi, ebitundu 5.3% Nsenga, ebitundu 4.4% Tumbuka, ebitundu 4.0% Ngoni, ne 38.6% abalala.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Bemba kye kisinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkono, Luapula, ne Copperbelt; ekibinja kya Tonga mu bitundu by'Obukiikaddyo, n'eby'Obugwanjuba; n'ekibinja kya Lozi mu bitundu by'Obugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Tumbuka ekitono ennyo kisangibwa mu kiwonvu kya Luangwa mu Buvanjuba.[2] Tewali kibinja ky'abantu aboogera olulimi olumu abasinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ebitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba tebirimu bantu bangi nnyo.<ref name="epr3">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ng’oggyeko olulimi, obuwangwa bukulu mu Zambia.<ref name="epr3" />Obuwangwa buno batera okubukwataganya n’obwesigwa bw’amaka oba n’ab’obuyinza eb'ennono. Obuwangwa buno busengekeddwa mu bibinja by’ennimi ebikulu.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Posner |first=Daniel N. |date=2005-06-06 |title=Institutions and Ethnic Politics in Africa |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-83398-1 |language=en |doi=10.1017/CBO9780511808661 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083432/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |archive-date=2023-03-21}}</ref> Abagwiira, okusingira ddala Abangereza oba Aba South Afrika, wamu n'abamu ku bannansi ba Zambia abeeru Abazungu abava mu Bungereza, babeera nnyo mu Lusaka ne mu Copperbelt mu Bukiikakkono bwa Zambia, gye baba nga bakola mu birombe, mu by'ensimbi n'emirimu emirala egifaananako bwe gityo oba nga bawummudde. Waaliwo Abazungu 70,000 mu Zambia mu 1964, naye bangi okuva olwo bavudde mu ggwanga.<ref name="Zambia" /> Zambia erina abantu abatono naye nga balina omugaso mu byenfuna abava mu Asia, abasinga obungi ku bo Buhindi ne Bachina. Ekibinja kino eky’abantu abatono ky'ekikyasinze okufuga eby’enfuna nga kye kikola ku by’okutunda ebintu. Kiteeberezebwa nti Abachina nga 80,000 be baali babeera mu Zambia mu 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ZAMBIA: Zambians wary of |url=http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910230935/http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-date=2011-09-10 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=IRINnews}}</ref> Mu myaka egiyise, ebikumi n’ebikumi by’abalimi abazungu abaali bagobeddwa mu Zimbabwe baasengukira e Zambia oluvannyuma lw’okuyitibwa gavumenti ya Zambia, okutandika okulima mu matwae g'omu Bukiikaddyo.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zim's Loss, Zam's gain: White Zimbabweans making good in Zambia|date=June 2004|newspaper=The Economist|access-date=28 August 2009|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110215085211/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-date=15 February 2011}}</ref><ref name="Spiegel">{{Cite news|title=Settling in Zambia: Zimbabwe's Displaced Farmers Find a New Home|last=Thielke|first=Thilo|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|date=27 December 2004|access-date=28 August 2009|periodical=[[Der Spiegel]]|archive-date=19 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619050250/http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza okwalebwa ku banoonyi b'obubuddamu mu 2009 ekyakubibwa akakiikio ka America akavunanyizibwa ku banoonyi b'obubudamu n'abagwiira eka U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, Zambia yalina omuwendo gw’abanoonyi b’obubudamu n’abanoonya obubudamu nga bali 88,900. Abanoonyi b’obubudamu abasinga obungi mu ggwanga baava mu Democratic Republic of the Congo (ababundabunda 47,300 okuva mu DRC ng'ababeera mu Zambia mu 2007), Angola (27,100 Bannangola Zambia), Zimbabwe (5,400) ne Rwanda (4,900).<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009">{{cite news|title=World Refugee Survey 2009|publisher=U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants|url=http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211175633/http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-date=11 December 2013}}</ref> Bannansi ba Zambia okutwaliza awamu baaniriza abagwira. Okutandika mu Gwokutaano 2008, omuwendo gw'Abazimbabwe mu Zambia gwatandika okulinnya ennyo; okuyingira kwali kusinga kw'Abazimbabwe abaali babeera mu South Africa abaali badduka obutabanguko obwali mu ggwanga eryo.<ref name="IRIN">{{Cite news|title=Zambia: Rising levels of resentment towards Zimbabweans|date=9 June 2008|access-date=7 August 2023|periodical=[[The New Humanitarian|IRIN News]]|url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2008/06/09/rising-levels-resentment-towards-zimbabweans|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930005909/http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=78648|archive-date=2009-09-30}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Kumpi abanoonyi b'obubudamo 60,000 babeera mu nkambi mu Zambia, ate 50,000 babeera mu bantu ba bulijjo. Abanoonyi b'obubudamo abaagala okukola mu Zambia balina okusaba olukusa saako n'ebiwandiiko ebikukkiriza okukola nga bino biyinza okutwala ddoola 500 buli mwaka.<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009" /> '''Eddiini''' Zambia mu butongole "eggwanga ery'Ekiikuristaayo" wansi wa Ssemateeka w'eggwanga owa 1996, naye essa ekitiibwa mu kukuuma eddembe ly'eddiini n'okusinza.<ref>{{cite web |date=30 June 2008 |title=Constitution of Zambia, 1991(Amended to 1996) |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105055544/http://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |archive-date=5 November 2012 |access-date=18 December 2012 |publisher=Scribd.com}}</ref> Zambia lye ggwanga lyokka mu Afirika erirangirira Obukristaayo ng'eddiini y'eggwanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Haynes |first=N. |date=2021 |title=Taking Dominion in a Christian Nation: North American Political Theology in an African Context |journal=Pneuma |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=214–232 |doi=10.1163/15700747-bja10036 |hdl=20.500.11820/48b556a6-cf81-4058-bf5b-894934a35ca0 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ekitongole kya Zambia ekivunaanyizibwa ku kubala abantu ekya Zambia Statistics Agency mu 2022 kyabalirira nti 98.0% ku Bannazambia Bakristaayo, nga 74.5% Bapulotesitanti, 17.9% Bakatoliki ate 5.6% Bajulirwa ba Yakuwa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2025-07-24 |title=RELIGIOUS LANDSCAPE OF ZAMBIA: AN ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF THE 2022 CENSUS FINDINGS |url=https://www.amulufeblog.com/2025/07/religious-landscape-of-zambia.html |access-date=2026-02-12 |website=Amulufeblog |language=en}}</ref> Enzikiriza z'ekikulisitaayo mu Zambia mulimu Apolotesitante, Abavangelika saako n'Abapentecoote.<ref name=":1" /> Obukristaayo bwatuuka mu Zambia okuyita mu bufuzi bw'amatwale obw'Abazungu, era enjawulo yaakyo ey'ebibiina eby'enjawulo eraga enkyukakyuka mu nkola y'obuminsani; okugeza, Obukatoliki bwava mu Mozambique ey'Abaportugalezi mu Buvanjuba, so ng'Obulokole bwava mu Bungereza mu Bukiikaddyo. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu 1964, Zambia yalaba okweyongera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibiina by'obuminsani ebirala okuva mu bitundu by'ensi ebitali bimu, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. Mu byasa ebyaddirira, emirimu gy'obuminsani egy'Abazungu gyaddira abakkiriza ab'omu kitundu (okuggyako ebifo ebimu eby'obuminsani, gamba ng'abasawo). Oluvannyuma lwa Frederick Chiluba, Omukulisitaayo Omukristaayo, okufuuka pulezidenti mu 1991, ebibiina by'obuminsani eby'Abazungu byeyongera nnyo okwetooloola Zambia okuva mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu 1964, Zambia yalaba okweyongera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibiina by'obuminsani eby'Abazungu okuva mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] 8ac5fwueu0ixak4gtag09lrcnf2r13b 59342 59341 2026-07-06T16:21:02Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 59342 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Amawanga ga Luba-Lunda oluvannyuma gaakendeera olw'okutunda abaddu mu Atlantic mu Bugwanjuba ne mu Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba ne mu ntalo n'ebibinja ebyali byawuddwa ku bwakabaka. Aba Chokwe, ekibinja ekirina oluganda olw'okumpi ne Luvale era ne kitondebwawo ng'eggwanga lya Lunda satellite, mu kusooka gaakosebwa olw'obwetaavu bwabaddu eri Abazungu, naye bwe baawukana ku bwakabaka, bo bennyini baafuuka batunzi ba baddu abamanyiddwa ennyo, nga batunda abaddu ku mbalama zombi. Abachokwe oluvannyuma baawangulwa amawanga amalala n'Abaportugali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azuonye |first=Chukwuma |date=15 December 1996 |title=Chokwe: (Angola, Zambia) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ejao3vG6nfsC&pg=PA11 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-1990-1 |language=en}}</ref> Obutali butebenkevu buno bwaviirako okugwa kw'obwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'abantu okusaasaanira mu bitundu bya Zambia eby'enjawulo okuva mu Democratic Republic of the Congo. Abazambia abasinga obungi balina obuzaale mu bwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'obwakabaka obulala obuli mu Masekkati ga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1200, ng’eggwanga lya Luba-Lunda terinnatandikibwawo, ekibinja ky’aba Bantu baatandika okusenguka okuva mu Congo Basin okudda ku Nnyanja Mweru ate oluvannyuma ne basenga okumpi n’ennyanja Malawi. Abasenze bano balowoozebwa okuba nga baali abamu ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky’e Upemba mu Democratic Republic of Congo. Mu myaka gya 1400, ebibinja by’abasenze bano awamu baayitibwanga Maravi, era nga mu bo mwalimu Abachewa abaatandika okukoppa ebibinja by’aba Bantu nga Tumbuka.<ref name="Team">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 1480 Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwatandikibwawo kalonga (omukulu w'obwakabaka bwa Maravi) okuva mu kika kya Phiri, kimu ku bika ebikulu, ng'ebirala mulimu Banda, Mwale ne Nkhoma. Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwali buva ku Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Enkulaakulana y'ebyobufuzi ey'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi yali efaanana ey'Obwakabaka bwa Luba era kigambibwa nti bwavaayo. Ekyamaguzi ekikulu eky'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi kyali amasanga, agaatundibwanga okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Ekyuma nakyo kyakolebwanga era ne kitundibwa mu nsi endala. Mu myaka gya 1590, Abapotigo baagezaako okweddiza eby'obusuubuzi n’okutunda Maravi mu nsi endala. Okugezaako kuno kwaleetawo obusungu mu Maravi ab’e Lundu, abaasumulula eggye lyabwe erya WaZimba. WaZimba baalumba ebibuga by’Abapotigo eby’obusuubuzi nga Tete, Sena n’ebibuga ebirala bingi.<ref name="thinkafrica.net">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Abamaravi nabo bateeberezebwa okuba nga baaleeta obulombolombo obwandifuuse ekibiina kya Nyau eky'ekyama okuva e Upemba. Aba Nyau be bakola ku nzikiriza oba eddiini y'obuwangwa ey'abantu b'omu Maravi. Ekibiina kya Nyau kirimu okuzina okw'obulombolombo n'obukookolo obukozesebwa mu kuzina; enzikiriza eno yasaasaana okwetooloola ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maptia |title=The Secret Cult of Nyau Dancers |url=https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108130415/https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-date=8 November 2020 |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=Maptia |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwakendeera olw'enkaayana ezikwata ku busika mu mukago, okulumbibwa Ngoni n'okulumba abaddu okuva mu Yao.<ref name="thinkafrica.net2">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa ne Mfecane''' Ng'Obwakabaka bwa Great Zimbabwe bwali bukendedde, omu ku balangira baabwo, Nyatsimba Mutota, yava mu ggwanga n'atandikawo obwakabaka obupya obuyitibwa Mutapa. Ekitiibwa kya Mwene Mutapa, ekitegeeza "Omulumbaganyi w'Ensi", kyamuweebwa era n'abafuzi abaddirira.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mwene Matapa {{!}} historical dynastic title, southern Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520141810/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |archive-date=20 May 2023 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwafuganga ekitundu ekiri wakati w’Omugga Zambezi n’Omugga Limpopo, mu kitundu ekiriwo kati ekiyitibwa Zambia, Zimbabwe ne Mozambique, okuva mu kyasa ekya 14 okutuusa mu kyasa ekya 17. Mu ntikko yaabwo, Mutapa yali awambye ekitundu kya Dande eky’Omugga Tonga ne Tavara. Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwasinganga kwetaba mu by’obusuubuzi okusomoka Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okutuuka mu mawanga ag’omu Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Okufaananako abantu abaaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu mu Maravi, Mutapa yalina obuzibu n’abasuubuzi Abapotigo abaali bazze. Obutategeeragana buno we bwatuukira ku ntikko, Abapotigo baali bagezezzaako okukyusa mu nsonga z’omunda mu bwakabaka nga batandikawo obutale mu bwakabaka era nga bakyusa abantu okubayingiza Obukristaayo. Ekikolwa kino kyaleetawo obusungu mu Basiraamu AbaSwahili abaali babeera mu kibuga ekikulu, akavuyo kano kaawa Abapotigo ensonga gye baali banoonya okulumba obwakabaka era bagezeeko okufuga ebirombe by'abwo ebya zaabu n'enguudo awayitira amasanga. Obulumbaganyi buno bwagwa butaka Abapotigo bwe baalumbibwa endwadde nga bayita ku mugga Zambezi.<ref name="Mutapa">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1600 enkaayana ez'omunda n'olutalo lw'omunda byatandika okukendeera kwa Mutapa. Obwakabaka obwali bunafuye bwawangulwa Abapotigo era oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera bwatwalibwa amawanga ga Shona bwe baali bawalangana.<ref name="Mutapa2">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Abapotigo nabo baalina ettaka ddene, eryali limanyiddwa nga Prazos, era baakozesanga abaddu n'abaali abaddu ng'abakuumi n'abayizzi. Baatendekanga abasajja mu bukodyo bw'amagye era ne babawa emmundu. Abasajja bano baafuuka abayizzi b'enjovu abakugu era baali bamanyiddwa nga ba Chikunda. Oluvannyuma lw'okukendeera kw'Abapotigo, Chikunda baasobola okwesolossa munda mu Zambia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2019 |title=Chikunda |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227184451/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |archive-date=27 February 2021 |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Portugal okubeera mu kitundu ekyo kyali nsonga lwaki obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwatandikibwawo, eggwanga eryali lyetongodde ku Mutapa. Omukulembeze w'obwakabaka bwa Rozvi, Changamire Dombo, yafuuka omu ku bakulembeze abasingayo amaanyi mu byafaayo bya South-Central Africa. Wansi w'obukulembeze bwe, obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwawangula Abapotigo ne babaggya mu bifo mwe baali bakolera bizineesi ku mugga Zambezi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rozwi {{!}} historical state, Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125203243/https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |archive-date=25 January 2021 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Naye oboolyawo ekyokulabirako ekisinga okumanyibwa mu kino okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti kwe kweyongera kw’Abazulu wansi w’obukulembeze bwa Shaka. Okupikirizibwa okuva eri Abangereza abafuzi b’amatwale mu Cape ne okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti mu Bazulu kyavaako Mfecane (okunyigirizibwa). Abazulu beeyongera nga bayingiza abakazi n’abaana b’ebika bye baawangula, singa abasajja b’ebika bino ebya Nguni baawona okuttibwa, baakozesa obukodyo bw’amagye obw’Abazulu okulumba ebibinja ebirala.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Kino kyaviirako abantu bangi okusenguka, entalo n'obulumbaganyi mu Bukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati ne mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika nga ab'ekika kya Nguni oba Ngoni nga bakulembeddwamu Zwagendaba baasomoka omugga Zambezi nga batambulira mu Bukiikakkono. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni be baakuba ekibuga Maravi Empire ekyali kinafuye. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni abasinga obungi baasenga mu kitundu ekyali Zambia, [[Malawi]], [[Mozambique]] ne [[Tanzania]] era ne beegatta ku bika ebyali mu kitundu ekyo.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history2">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Zambia, ekibinja ekirala eky’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Afirika eky’Abasotho-Tswana abava mu Luba ne Lunda ezaagwa edda abayitibwa Abaluyana baawamba Kololo ne bamussaako olulimi Olukololo okutuusa Abaluyana lwe beekalakaasa ne baggyako Kololo mu kiseera kino olulimi Olukololo lwali lwerabiddwa era olulimi olupya olugattiddwa lwe lwavaamu, SiLozi era Abaluyana baatandika okweyita Abalozi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lozi {{!}} people |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528092724/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |archive-date=28 May 2023 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kya 18, Abamu ku Mbunda baasengukira mu Barotseland, Mongu oluvannyuma lw'okusenguka kw'abantu abalala, nga muno mwe muli, Ciyengele.<ref>'' The elites of Barotseland, 1878–1969: a political history of Zambia's Western Province'': a. Gerald L. Caplan, C. Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd, 1970, {{ISBN|0-900966-38-6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=maniacky |first=jacky |title=bantu zone K |url=http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140411045127/http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-date=2014-04-11 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.bantu-languages.com}}</ref> '''Ekiseera ky'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' '''Abazungu''' Omu ku Bulaaya abaasooka okuwandiikibwa nga baakyalako mu kitundu kino yali omuvumbuzi Omupotigo Francisco de Lacerda ku nkomerero y'ekyasa ekya 18. Lacerda yakulemberamu ekibinja ky'abavumbuzi okuva e Mozambique okutuuka mu kitundu ky'e Kazembe mu Zambia (nga balina ekiruubirirwa eky'okuvumbula n'okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa okuva ku lubalama lw'ennyanja okutuuka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja omulundi ogusooka),<ref>{{cite web |year=1798 |title=Instructions and Travel Diary that Governor Francisco Joze de Lacerda e Almeida Wrote about His Travel to the Center of Africa, Going to the River of Sena, in the Year of 1798 |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905135844/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |archive-date=5 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Library of Congress}}</ref> era n'afa mu kiseera ky'olugendo mu 1798. Olugendo luno okuva olwo lwakulemberwamu mukwano gwe Francisco Pinto.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hartnett |first=Craig |title=Portuguese Expedition to Northern Rhodesia, 1798–99 |url=http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924023553/http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Great North Road (GNR, Northern Rhodesia, Zambia) |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ekitundu kino, ekisangibwa wakati wa Mozambique ne [[Angola]], kyali kigambibwa nti kyali kya Bupotugo mu kiseera ekyo. Abalala abava mu Bulaaya baagoberera mu kyasa 19. Eyasinga okumanyika mu bano yali David Livingstone, eyalina okwolesebwa okw'okukomya okusuubula abaddu ng'ayita mu "3Cs": Obukristaayo, Ebyobusuubuzi, n'Obuwangwa. Ye Muzungu eyasooka okulaba ebisulo by'amazzi ebyewuunyisa ku Mugga Zambezi mu 1855, n'abyogerako bw'ati: "Ebifo ebirabika obulungi bityo biteekwa okuba nga byatunuulirwa bamalayika mu kudduka kwabwe".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Livingstone Discovers Victoria Falls, 1855 |url=http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522092057/http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |archive-date=22 May 2020 |access-date=28 May 2020 |website=EyeWitness to History}}</ref> Mu kitundu kino ebiyiriro bimanyiddwa nga "Mosi-o-Tunya" oba "omukka ogubwatuka" mu lulimi Lozi oba Kololo. Ekibuga Livingstone, okumpi n'ebiyiriro, kiyitibwa erinnya lye. Emboozi ezikwata ku ŋŋendo ze zaali zimanyiddwa nnyo ne kiviirako abagenyi bangi okuva mu Bulaaya, abaminsani, n'abasuubuzi oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwe mu 1873.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627015544/https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-date=27 June 2020 |website=The Provincial Administration Website}}</ref> '''Kampuni ya British South Africa Company''' Mu 1888, kampuni ya British South Africa Company (BSA Company), eyakulemberwa Cecil Rhodes, yafuna olukusa okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka okuva ku Litunga ow'abantu ba Lozi, omukulu w'essaza ly'abantu ba Lozi (Ba-rotse) mu kitundu ekyafuuka Barotziland-North-Western Rhodesia.<ref name="livingstone">{{cite web |author=Livingstone Tourism Association |title=Destination:Zambia&nbsp;– History and Culture |url=http://www.livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012153527/http://livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> Ebuvanjuba, mu Gwekkumineebiri 1897 ekibinja ky’Abangoni oba Abangoni (abaasibuka mu Zululand) beekalakaasa nga bakulemberwa Tsinco, mutabani wa Kabaka Mpezeni, naye obujeemu bwakomezebwawo,<ref name="unam">{{cite web |author1=Human Rights |author2=Documentation Centre |name-list-style=amp |title=Zambia: Historical Background |url=http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311093653/http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-date=11 March 2007 |access-date=14 January 2011}}</ref> era Mpezeni n’akkiriza Pax Britannica. Ekitundu ky’eggwanga ekyo kyatandika okumanyibwa nga Rhodesia ey'omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba. Mu 1895, Rhodes yasaba omusikawutu wa Omumerika Frederick Russell Burnham okunoonya eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka n’engeri y’okulongoosaamu entambula y’emigga mu kitundu ekyo, era mu lugendo luno mwe mwazuulibwa Frederick Russell Burnham eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka bingi ku mugga Kafue.<ref name="burnham1899">{{cite book |last=Burnham |first=Frederick Russell |author-link=Frederick Russell Burnham |year=1899 |title=Bulawayo Up-to-date; Being a General Sketch of Rhodesia |title-link=s:Northern Rhodesia |publisher=Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co. |editor-last=Wills |editor-first=Walter H. |pages=177–180 |chapter=Northern Rhodesia}}</ref> '''Obufuzi bw'amatwale ga Bungereza''' Mu 1953, okutondebwawo kwa Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland z'agatta wamu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono ne Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo, ne Nyasaland (kati Malawi) ng’ekitundu kimu ekyetongodde. Kino kyakolebwa wadde nga waaliwo okuwakanyizibwa okuva mu bantu abatono, abaakola okwekalakaasa okwaliwo mu 1960–61.<ref name="infoplease">{{cite web |author=Pearson Education |title=Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Federation of |url=http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012231959/http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> '''Obwetwaaze''' Omukago gwasaanyizibwawo nga 31 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, era mu Gwoluberyeberye 1964, Kaunda yawangula akalulu k'Obwaminisita bwa Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono. Gavana w'amatwale, Sir Evelyn Hone, yali mukwano nnyo gwa Kaunda era yamukubiriza okwesimbawo ku kifo ekyo. Mangu ddala oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, waaliwo okwekalakaasa mu Bukiikakkono bw'eggwanga eryo eryali limanyiddwa nga Lumpa Uprising nga lyali liduumirwa Alice Lenshina – Kaunda's first internal conflict as leader of the nation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2020 |title=Alice Lenshina |url=https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228081501/https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |archive-date=28 February 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=The British Empire}}</ref> Rhodesia yafuuka Republic of Zambia nga 24 Ogwekkumi 1964, nga Kenneth Kaunda ye pulezidenti eyasooka. Ku kufuna obwetwaze, wadde nga yalina ebyobugagga eby'omu ttaka ebingi, Zambia yasanga okusoomoozebwa okw'amaanyi. Munda mu ggwanga, waaliwo Abazambia abatendeke era abayivu abasukka mu 70,000 abaali basobola okuddukanya gavumenti, era ebyenfuna byali byesigamye nnyo ku bakugu okuva mu mawanga amalala. Obukugu buno bwaweebwa mu ngeri emu oba endala omubaka wa Bungereza mu Zambia John Willson.<ref>[http://www.chu.cam.ac.uk/archives/collections/BDOHP/Willson.pdf WILLSON, John Michael (born 15 July 1931)]{{Dead link|date=June 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}. BDOHP Biographical Details and Interview Index. chu.cam.ac.uk</ref> Waaliwo Abazungu abasukka mu 70,000 ababeera mu Zambia mu 1964, era baasigala nga ba mugaso nnyo mu byenfuna.<ref name="Zambia">{{Cite news|date=1964-10-25|title=1964: President Kaunda takes power in Zambia|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605125604/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-date=5 June 2013|access-date=2025-09-13|url-status=live|language=en-GB}}</ref> Kaunda okuwagira abayeekera ba Patriotic Front abaali bakola obulumbaganyi mu mawanga ag'omuliraano (Bukiikaddyo) Rhodesia kyaleetawo obunkenke mu by'obufuzi era ne kireetawo okukozesa amagye ku nsalo, era kino kyaviirako ensalo okuggalwa mu 1973.<ref name="blackfire">{{cite book |last=Raeburn |first=Michael |year=1978 |title=We are everywhere: Narratives from Rhodesian guerillas |url=https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-0-394-50530-5 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 1–209]}}</ref>Ebbibiro ly'amasannyalaze erya Kariba ku mugga Zambezi lyawa amasannyalaze agamala okukola ku byetaago by'eggwanga eby'amasannyalaze, wadde nga Rhodesia ye yali ekola ku by'amasannyalaze. Nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1978, ennyonyi ey'abantu ba bulijjo, Air Rhodesia Flight 825, yakubibwa amasasi okumpi ne Kariba abayeekera ba Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) abaakulemberwa Joshua Nkomo. Rhodesia yaddamu n'ekikwekweto kya Gatling, okulumba enkambi endala mu Zambia nga bakozesa amaanyi g'ennyonyi n'abajaasi abakugu mu kubuuka mu bbanga n'abajaasi abakugu mu kukozesa ennyonyi.<ref>{{cite web |title=GREEN LEADER. OPERATION GATLING, THE RHODESIAN MILITARY'S RESPONSE TO THE VISCOUNT TRAGEDY |url=http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125155440/http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-date=25 January 2017 |access-date=22 April 2017}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1970, Mozambique ne Angola zaali zifunye obwetwaze okuva ku Portugal. Gavumenti ya Rhodesia eyali esingamu abazungu, eyafulumya Ekirangiriro ky’Obwetwaze mu 1965, yakkiriza obufuzi obw’abantu abangi wansi w’Endagaano ya Lancaster House mu 1979.<ref name="zimstudy">{{cite book |last=Nelson |first=Harold |year=1983 |title=Zimbabwe: A Country Study |publisher=Claitors Publishing Division |isbn=978-0-16-001598-4 |pages=54–137}}</ref> Obukuubagano mu bitundu byombi ebyali bifugibwa Abapotigo n'olutalo lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwa [[Namibia]] byaviirako okuyingira kw'abanoonyi b'obubudamuera ne kyongera ku buzibu bw'ebyentambula. Oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Benguela, olwayita mu [[Angola]], lwaggalwawo ddala eri ebyentambula bya Zambia mu myaka gya 1970 egyali gisembayo. Zambia okuwagira ebibiina ebirwanyisa obusosoze mu mawanga nga African National Congress (ANC) era kyaleetawo obuzibu bw'ebyokwerinda ng'amagye ga South Africa Defence Force galumba ebifo ebitali bimu mu lutalo lw'okulwanyisa obwetwaze bwa Namibia.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Evans, M. |year=1984 |title=The Front-Line States, South Africa and Southern African Security: Military Prospects and Perspectives |url=http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/Journal%20of%20the%20University%20of%20Zimbabwe/vol12n1/juz012001002.pdf |journal=Zambezia |volume=12 |page=1}}</ref> '''Ebizibu by'ebyenfuna''' Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1970, omuwendo gwa kkopa, ekyamaguzi ekikulu ekiva mu Zambia, gwasereba nnyo mu nsi yonna. Mu mbeera ya Zambia, obungi bw'okutambuza kkopa eŋŋendo empanvu okutuuka mu katale kyali kizibu kinene. Zambia yasaba obuyambi okuva mu mawanga ag'ebweru n'ag'ensi yonna, naye, nga bbeeyi ya kkopa esigadde nga yasereba, kyeyongera okubeera ekizibu okusasula amabanja gaayo agaali geeyongera. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1990, wadde nga tewaaliwo kusonyiyibwa mabanja, ebbeyi ya kkopa eyali eva mu Zambia yali emu ku bintu ebyali bisinga okuba eby'ebbeeyi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia (12/08) |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625080205/https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |archive-date=25 June 2020 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> '''Okukola ku nsonga z'abantu''' Mu Gwomukaaga 1990, obwegugungo obwali buwakanya Kaunda bwatandika era abeekalakaasi bangi battibwa gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2020 |title=About Zambia |url=http://www.psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509233410/http://psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-date=9 May 2016 |access-date=20 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bartlett |first=David M. C. |date=2000 |title=Civil Society and Democracy: A Zambian Case Study |journal=Journal of Southern African Studies |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=429–446 |doi=10.1080/030570700750019655 |issn=0305-7070 |jstor=2637411 |s2cid=143480603}}</ref>Mu 1990, Kaunda yawona okulumbibwa amagye, era mu 1991, yakkiriza okuzzaawo enfuga ey'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, oluvannyuma lw'okussaawo enfuga ey'ekibiina ekimu wansi w'akakiiko ka Choma aka 1972. Oluvannyuma lw'okulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, Kaunda yaggyibwa mu woofiisi oluvannyuma lw'okuwangulwa mu kulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi Frederick Chiluba. Mu myaka gya 2000, ebyenfuna byanywerera, ne bituuka ku kweyongera kw'ebbeeyi y'ebintu mu 2006–2007, okweyongera kw'ebyenfuna, okukendeera kw'amagoba, n'okweyongera kw'omutindo gw'ebyobusuubuzi. Bingi ku kukulaakulana kuno kuvudde ku kusiga ensimbi okuva ebweru mu by'okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka n'okweyongera kw'emiwendo gy'ekikomo mu nsi yonna. Bino byonna byaleetera Zambia okusikirizibwa ennyo abagabi b'obuyambi era ne kireetera abasiga nsimbi okwongera okwesiga eggwanga lino. == Ebyobufuzi == Ebyobufuzi mu Zambia bitambulira mu nkola ey'omukulembeze w'eggwanga omukiise mu demokulasiya ow'eggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo, omukulembeze wa Zambia y'akulira eggwanga era akulira gavumenti mu ggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo. Gavumenti ekozesa obuyinza obw'okuteeka mu nkola, ate obuyinza obw'okukola amateeka buweebwa gavumenti ne paalamenti. Zambia yafuuka repubuliki oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu Gwekkumi 1964. Okuva mu 2011 okutuuka mu 2014, pulezidenti wa Zambia yali Michael Sata, okutuusa Sata lwe yafa nga 28 Ogwekkumi 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zambian President Michael Sata dies in London - BBC News|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705073526/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-date=2017-07-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=BBC News|language=en-GB}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Sata, omumyuka wa pulezidenti Guy Scott, Omuzambia ow'ensibuko y'Abasikawutu, yafuuka omukungu akola nga pulezidenti. Okulonda kwa pulezidenti kwaliwo nga 22 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015. Omugatte gw’abantu 11 abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti be beesimbawo mu kulonda era nga 24 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015, kyalangirirwa nti Edgar Chagwa Lungu yali awangudde okulonda okufuuka pulezidenti ow’omukaaga. Yawangula ebitundu 48.33% eby’obululu, ng’obululu 1.66% bwali bumusinga ku munnabyabufuzi akyasinze okuvuganya gavumenti, Hakainde Hichilema, eyafuna ebitundu 46.67%.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Defence Minister Lungu wins Zambia's disputed presidential race|url=http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305065726/http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-date=2016-03-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=Yahoo News|language=en-US}}</ref>Abantu abalala mwenda abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti baafuna obululu obutaweza na bitundu 1% ku bululu bwonna. Mu kulonda pkwaliwo mu Gwomunaana 2016 Zambian general election pulezidenti Edgar Lungu yawangula okulonda okw’omulundi ogw’okubiri. Omukago ogutaba ebibiina by’ebyobufuzi ogwa Patriotic Front (PF) gwagaana ebyali byogerwa ab’oludda oluvuganya gavumenti, UPND party.<ref name="bbc-15aug2016">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|title=Zambia's President Edgar Lungu declared election winner|work=BBC News|date=15 August 2016|access-date=17 May 2021|archive-date=26 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026223033/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021, okwalimu abalonzi 70% ku abo abaali basuubirwa, Hakainde Hichilema yawangula ebitundu 59% eby’obululu, ng’omuvuganya we eyali asingayo okuba ow’amaanyi, Edgar Chagwa Lungu, eyali pulezidenti mu kiseera ekyo, yafuna ebitundu 39% eby’obululu.<ref name="zm-elec-39">{{Cite news|url=https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm|title=Presidential Election Results|work=Electoral Commission of Zambia|date=16 August 2021|access-date=27 December 2021|archive-date=2 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102194510/https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm/}}</ref> Nga 16 Ogwomunaana Edgar Lungu yakkiriza mu kiwandiiko kye yafulumya ku ttivi, ng’aweereza ebbaluwa era ng’ayozayoza pulezidenti omulonde Hakainde Hichilema.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-08-16|title=Zambia election: Hakainde Hichilema beats President Edgar Lungu|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|access-date=2021-08-16|archive-date=24 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824152003/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|last=Kabwe|first=Zitto|author-link=Zitto Kabwe|user=zittokabwe|number=1426967254986629126|date=15 August 2021|title=#Zambia President @EdgarCLungu has conceded in a letter sent to now president elect @HHichilema of @UPNDZM. Once again Zambia has shown the world the level of its democratic maturity. Peaceful transfer of power is happening for third time in history. Congratulations Zambians|language=en|access-date=30 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827180204/https://twitter.com/zittokabwe/status/1426967254986629126|archive-date=27 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomunaana 2021, Hakainde Hichilema yalayizibwa nga pulezidenti wa Zambia omuggya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2021 |title=Zambia's Hakainde Hichilema sworn in as President in rare victory for an African opposition leader |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116213703/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |archive-date=16 November 2021 |access-date=16 November 2021}}</ref> '''Amaggye''' Mu 2019, Zambia yassa omukono ku ndagaano ya UN ekwata ku Kuziyiza eby'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa ebya Nukiriya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2017 |title=Chapter XXVI: Disarmament&nbsp;– No. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806220546/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |archive-date=6 August 2019 |access-date=18 October 2019 |publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection}}</ref> '''Amateeka n'eddembe ly'obuntu''' Gavumenti evunaanye abavumirira nga bakozesa ebigambo by'amateeka nti baali bawabya abantu. Amateeka agakwata ku kuwandiika ebintu ebikyamu gakozesebwa okukugira eddembe ly'okwogera ne bannamawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2015 |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225030706/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-date=2021-02-25 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=2009-2017.state.gov}}</ref> Ebikolwa eby'okweganza wakati w'abantu ab'ekikula ekimu kimenya mateeka eri abasajja n'abakazi mu Zambia.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 May 2016 |title=State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition |url=http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902183618/http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |archive-date=2 September 2017 |access-date=29 July 2017 |website=[[International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Daniel|last=Avery|title=71 Countries Where Homosexuality is Illegal|url=https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|work=Newsweek|date=4 April 2019|access-date=18 August 2019|archive-date=11 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211204842/https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|url-status=live}}</ref> Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu 2010 kwalaga nti ebitundu 2% ebya Bannansi ba Zambia bakitwala nti okulya ebisiyaga tekirina buzibu bwonna ku mpisa.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Meyer |first1=Birgit |date=2021 |title=What Is Religion in Africa? Relational Dynamics in an Entangled World |journal=Journal of Religion in Africa |publisher=Brill |volume=50 |issue=1–2 |pages=156–181 |doi=10.1163/15700666-12340184 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2019, kyategeezebwa nti Omubaka wa Amerika mu Zambia Daniel Lewis Foote "yakwatibwa ensisi" olw'engeri Zambia gy'ekuumamu abalyi b'ebisiyaga mu makomera. Oluvannyuma lw'okujulira ne kulema era nga n'abafumbo bano Japhet Chataba ne Steven Samba baasalirwa ekibonerezo kya kusibibwa emyaka 15 mu makomera, Foote yasaba gavumenti ya Zambia okuddamu okwekenneenya omusango guno n'amateeka ga Zambia agalwanyisa ebisiyaga. Foote yafuna obuzibu era n'asazaamu okujja mu bantu oluvannyuma lw'okutiisibwatiisibwa ku mikutu gya yintaneeti, era oluvannyuma lw'okulangirirwa Lungu nti y'omuntu ataagalwa mu ggwanga eryo.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 December 2019 |title=US recalls ambassador to Zambia after gay rights row |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231195603/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |archive-date=31 December 2019 |access-date=12 January 2020 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 2026, gavumenti ya Zambia yavumirirwa olw'okwongezaayo olukiiko olw'amaanyi olw'ensi yonna olw'eddembe ly'obuntu, RightsCon, ennaku musanvu zokka nga tezinnatuuka okubeerawo mu Lusaka. Olukiiko olwo oluvannyuma lwasazibwamu oluvannyuma lw'okumanya nti gavumenti ya Zambia yali esaba, kirabika nga kya kusaba kw'abakungu ba China, okulungamya n'okuggyako aboogezi okuva e Taiwan. Abakugu baayogedde ku kweraliikirira olw'okulondoola n'okweyongera kw'obulabe eri ebitongole by'obwanakyewa.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gault ·|first1=Matthew|title=World's Largest Digital Human Rights Conference Suddenly Canceled|url=https://www.404media.co/rightscon-human-rights-conference-suddenly-postponed/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=404 Media|date=29 April 2026|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Elliott|first1=Vittoria|title=The Chinese Government Just Got the World's Largest Digital Rights Conference Canceled|url=https://www.wired.com/story/the-chinese-government-pressured-zambia-to-cancel-the-worlds-largest-digital-rights-conference/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Wired|date=1 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hendrix|first1=Justin|title=RightsCon Canceled After Zambia Requires 'Full Alignment' With 'National Values'|url=https://www.techpolicy.press/rightscon-canceled-after-zambia-requires-full-alignment-with-national-values/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Tech Policy Press|date=30 April 2026|language=en}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo by'abantu''' Okusinziira ku kubala abantu okwa 2022 mu Zambia, omuwendo gw'abantu mu Zambia gwali 19,610,769.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia's Population up to 19,610,769 in 2022 from 13,092,666 in 2010 – Zambia Statistics Agency |url=https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305022051/https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |archive-date=5 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ebibinja by'abantu ebisinga obunene mu Zambia beebo abayitibwa Bemba obukadde 3.3 (33.6%), Nyanja obukadde 1.8 (18.2%), Tonga obukadde 1.7 (16.8%), Abantu ab’omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba 1,000,000 (10.3%), Abalozii (Barotse) 770,000 (7.8%), Abamabwe 580,000 (5.9%), Abatumbuka 500,000 (5.1%), Abalamba 165,000 (2%), Abayindi 11,900 n’Abazungu 6,200.<ref>{{cite journal |date=2 November 2023 |title=Zambia |url=https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909114747/https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |archive-date=9 September 2023 |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=minorityrights.org}}</ref> Zambia y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubeeramu abantu mu bibuga mu Afirika eri wansi wa Sahara, ng'ebitundu 44% eby'abantu babeera mu bitundu ebisinga okubeeramu entambula, so ng'ate ebyalo birimu abantu batono nnyo. Omuwendo gw'abaana abazaalibwa gwali 6.2 mu 2007 (6.1 mu 1996, 5.9 mu 2001–02).<ref>{{cite web |title=Welcome to the Official site of Zambian Statistics |url=http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113144454/http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-date=13 November 2014 |access-date=11 April 2014 |publisher=Zamstats.gov.zm}}</ref> '''Ebibuga ebisinga obunene''' Okutandika kw'okuyiikuula ekikomo mu makolero ku Copperbelt mu myaka gya 1920 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga. Wadde ng'okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga kwali kuteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, kyali kinene nnyo.[1] Ebibuga ebikolebwamu eby'obugagga ku Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali eteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, yali nnene nnyo.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Potts |first=Deborah |date=2005 |title=Counter-urbanisation on the Zambian Copperbelt? Interpretations and implications |journal=Urban Studies |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=583–609 |bibcode=2005UrbSt..42..583P |doi=10.1080/00420980500060137 |s2cid=154412136}}</ref> Ebibuga ebirimu ebirombe bya Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali y'etoloolera ku gaali z'omukka n'enguudo okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwe bironbe bya kkoppa okuyita mu Kapiri Mposhi, Lusaka, Choma ne Livingstone. '''Ebibinja by'abantu''' Zambia elimu ebika nga 73,<ref name="BritannicaPeople">{{Cite web |title=Zambia – People |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambia/People |access-date=1 October 2024 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref><ref name="epr">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> wadde mu nkola waliwo ebibinja ebitono ebirabika obulungi.[2] Abazambia abasinga boogera Olubantu.<ref name="epr2">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ebibinja ebisinga obunene mu lulimi bye Bemba, Nyanja (era ekiyitibwa Chewa), ne Tonga; ebibinja ebirala ebitali binene nnyo bye Kaonde, Lozi, Luanda, ne Luvale.[2]<ref name="epr" /> Mu 2010, omuwendo gw'abantu gwateeberezebwa okuba ebitundu 21% Bemba, ebitundu 13.6% Tonga, ebitundu 7.4% Chewa, ebitundu 5.7% Lozi, ebitundu 5.3% Nsenga, ebitundu 4.4% Tumbuka, ebitundu 4.0% Ngoni, ne 38.6% abalala.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Bemba kye kisinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkono, Luapula, ne Copperbelt; ekibinja kya Tonga mu bitundu by'Obukiikaddyo, n'eby'Obugwanjuba; n'ekibinja kya Lozi mu bitundu by'Obugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Tumbuka ekitono ennyo kisangibwa mu kiwonvu kya Luangwa mu Buvanjuba.[2] Tewali kibinja ky'abantu aboogera olulimi olumu abasinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ebitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba tebirimu bantu bangi nnyo.<ref name="epr3">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ng’oggyeko olulimi, obuwangwa bukulu mu Zambia.<ref name="epr3" />Obuwangwa buno batera okubukwataganya n’obwesigwa bw’amaka oba n’ab’obuyinza eb'ennono. Obuwangwa buno busengekeddwa mu bibinja by’ennimi ebikulu.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Posner |first=Daniel N. |date=2005-06-06 |title=Institutions and Ethnic Politics in Africa |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-83398-1 |language=en |doi=10.1017/CBO9780511808661 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083432/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |archive-date=2023-03-21}}</ref> Abagwiira, okusingira ddala Abangereza oba Aba South Afrika, wamu n'abamu ku bannansi ba Zambia abeeru Abazungu abava mu Bungereza, babeera nnyo mu Lusaka ne mu Copperbelt mu Bukiikakkono bwa Zambia, gye baba nga bakola mu birombe, mu by'ensimbi n'emirimu emirala egifaananako bwe gityo oba nga bawummudde. Waaliwo Abazungu 70,000 mu Zambia mu 1964, naye bangi okuva olwo bavudde mu ggwanga.<ref name="Zambia" /> Zambia erina abantu abatono naye nga balina omugaso mu byenfuna abava mu Asia, abasinga obungi ku bo Buhindi ne Bachina. Ekibinja kino eky’abantu abatono ky'ekikyasinze okufuga eby’enfuna nga kye kikola ku by’okutunda ebintu. Kiteeberezebwa nti Abachina nga 80,000 be baali babeera mu Zambia mu 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ZAMBIA: Zambians wary of |url=http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910230935/http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-date=2011-09-10 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=IRINnews}}</ref> Mu myaka egiyise, ebikumi n’ebikumi by’abalimi abazungu abaali bagobeddwa mu Zimbabwe baasengukira e Zambia oluvannyuma lw’okuyitibwa gavumenti ya Zambia, okutandika okulima mu matwae g'omu Bukiikaddyo.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zim's Loss, Zam's gain: White Zimbabweans making good in Zambia|date=June 2004|newspaper=The Economist|access-date=28 August 2009|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110215085211/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-date=15 February 2011}}</ref><ref name="Spiegel">{{Cite news|title=Settling in Zambia: Zimbabwe's Displaced Farmers Find a New Home|last=Thielke|first=Thilo|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|date=27 December 2004|access-date=28 August 2009|periodical=[[Der Spiegel]]|archive-date=19 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619050250/http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza okwalebwa ku banoonyi b'obubuddamu mu 2009 ekyakubibwa akakiikio ka America akavunanyizibwa ku banoonyi b'obubudamu n'abagwiira eka U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, Zambia yalina omuwendo gw’abanoonyi b’obubudamu n’abanoonya obubudamu nga bali 88,900. Abanoonyi b’obubudamu abasinga obungi mu ggwanga baava mu Democratic Republic of the Congo (ababundabunda 47,300 okuva mu DRC ng'ababeera mu Zambia mu 2007), Angola (27,100 Bannangola Zambia), Zimbabwe (5,400) ne Rwanda (4,900).<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009">{{cite news|title=World Refugee Survey 2009|publisher=U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants|url=http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211175633/http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-date=11 December 2013}}</ref> Bannansi ba Zambia okutwaliza awamu baaniriza abagwira. Okutandika mu Gwokutaano 2008, omuwendo gw'Abazimbabwe mu Zambia gwatandika okulinnya ennyo; okuyingira kwali kusinga kw'Abazimbabwe abaali babeera mu South Africa abaali badduka obutabanguko obwali mu ggwanga eryo.<ref name="IRIN">{{Cite news|title=Zambia: Rising levels of resentment towards Zimbabweans|date=9 June 2008|access-date=7 August 2023|periodical=[[The New Humanitarian|IRIN News]]|url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2008/06/09/rising-levels-resentment-towards-zimbabweans|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930005909/http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=78648|archive-date=2009-09-30}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Kumpi abanoonyi b'obubudamo 60,000 babeera mu nkambi mu Zambia, ate 50,000 babeera mu bantu ba bulijjo. Abanoonyi b'obubudamo abaagala okukola mu Zambia balina okusaba olukusa saako n'ebiwandiiko ebikukkiriza okukola nga bino biyinza okutwala ddoola 500 buli mwaka.<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009" /> '''Eddiini''' Zambia mu butongole "eggwanga ery'Ekiikuristaayo" wansi wa Ssemateeka w'eggwanga owa 1996, naye essa ekitiibwa mu kukuuma eddembe ly'eddiini n'okusinza.<ref>{{cite web |date=30 June 2008 |title=Constitution of Zambia, 1991(Amended to 1996) |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105055544/http://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |archive-date=5 November 2012 |access-date=18 December 2012 |publisher=Scribd.com}}</ref> Zambia lye ggwanga lyokka mu Afirika erirangirira Obukristaayo ng'eddiini y'eggwanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Haynes |first=N. |date=2021 |title=Taking Dominion in a Christian Nation: North American Political Theology in an African Context |journal=Pneuma |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=214–232 |doi=10.1163/15700747-bja10036 |hdl=20.500.11820/48b556a6-cf81-4058-bf5b-894934a35ca0 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ekitongole kya Zambia ekivunaanyizibwa ku kubala abantu ekya Zambia Statistics Agency mu 2022 kyabalirira nti 98.0% ku Bannazambia Bakristaayo, nga 74.5% Bapulotesitanti, 17.9% Bakatoliki ate 5.6% Bajulirwa ba Yakuwa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2025-07-24 |title=RELIGIOUS LANDSCAPE OF ZAMBIA: AN ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF THE 2022 CENSUS FINDINGS |url=https://www.amulufeblog.com/2025/07/religious-landscape-of-zambia.html |access-date=2026-02-12 |website=Amulufeblog |language=en}}</ref> Enzikiriza z'ekikulisitaayo mu Zambia mulimu Apolotesitante, Abavangelika saako n'Abapentecoote.<ref name=":1" /> Obukristaayo bwatuuka mu Zambia okuyita mu bufuzi bw'amatwale obw'Abazungu, era enjawulo yaakyo ey'ebibiina eby'enjawulo eraga enkyukakyuka mu nkola y'obuminsani; okugeza, Obukatoliki bwava mu Mozambique ey'Abaportugalezi mu Buvanjuba, so ng'Obulokole bwava mu Bungereza mu Bukiikaddyo. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu 1964, Zambia yalaba okweyongera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibiina by'obuminsani ebirala okuva mu bitundu by'ensi ebitali bimu, naddala Amerika ey'Obukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. Mu byasa ebyaddirira, emirimu gy'obuminsani egy'Abazungu egyaddira abakkiriza ab'omu kitundu (okuggyako ebifo ebimu eby'obuminsani, gamba ng'abasawo). Oluvannyuma lwa Frederick Chiluba, Omukulisitaayo Omukristaayo, okufuuka pulezidenti mu 1991, ebibiina by'obuminsani eby'Abazungu byeyongera nnyo okwetooloola Zambia okuva mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu 1964, Zambia yalaba okweyongera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibiina by'obuminsani eby'Abazungu okuva mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani.<ref name="pentecostal">{{cite book |last=Steel |first=Matthew |year=2005 |title=Pentecostalism in Zambia: Power, Authority and the Overcomers |publisher=University of Wales |id=MSc Dissertation}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] oanaoggfycr6nv1crck1wqeyrs188p9 59343 59342 2026-07-06T16:23:32Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ekiba 59343 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Amawanga ga Luba-Lunda oluvannyuma gaakendeera olw'okutunda abaddu mu Atlantic mu Bugwanjuba ne mu Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba ne mu ntalo n'ebibinja ebyali byawuddwa ku bwakabaka. Aba Chokwe, ekibinja ekirina oluganda olw'okumpi ne Luvale era ne kitondebwawo ng'eggwanga lya Lunda satellite, mu kusooka gaakosebwa olw'obwetaavu bwabaddu eri Abazungu, naye bwe baawukana ku bwakabaka, bo bennyini baafuuka batunzi ba baddu abamanyiddwa ennyo, nga batunda abaddu ku mbalama zombi. Abachokwe oluvannyuma baawangulwa amawanga amalala n'Abaportugali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azuonye |first=Chukwuma |date=15 December 1996 |title=Chokwe: (Angola, Zambia) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ejao3vG6nfsC&pg=PA11 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-1990-1 |language=en}}</ref> Obutali butebenkevu buno bwaviirako okugwa kw'obwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'abantu okusaasaanira mu bitundu bya Zambia eby'enjawulo okuva mu Democratic Republic of the Congo. Abazambia abasinga obungi balina obuzaale mu bwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'obwakabaka obulala obuli mu Masekkati ga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1200, ng’eggwanga lya Luba-Lunda terinnatandikibwawo, ekibinja ky’aba Bantu baatandika okusenguka okuva mu Congo Basin okudda ku Nnyanja Mweru ate oluvannyuma ne basenga okumpi n’ennyanja Malawi. Abasenze bano balowoozebwa okuba nga baali abamu ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky’e Upemba mu Democratic Republic of Congo. Mu myaka gya 1400, ebibinja by’abasenze bano awamu baayitibwanga Maravi, era nga mu bo mwalimu Abachewa abaatandika okukoppa ebibinja by’aba Bantu nga Tumbuka.<ref name="Team">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 1480 Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwatandikibwawo kalonga (omukulu w'obwakabaka bwa Maravi) okuva mu kika kya Phiri, kimu ku bika ebikulu, ng'ebirala mulimu Banda, Mwale ne Nkhoma. Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwali buva ku Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Enkulaakulana y'ebyobufuzi ey'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi yali efaanana ey'Obwakabaka bwa Luba era kigambibwa nti bwavaayo. Ekyamaguzi ekikulu eky'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi kyali amasanga, agaatundibwanga okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Ekyuma nakyo kyakolebwanga era ne kitundibwa mu nsi endala. Mu myaka gya 1590, Abapotigo baagezaako okweddiza eby'obusuubuzi n’okutunda Maravi mu nsi endala. Okugezaako kuno kwaleetawo obusungu mu Maravi ab’e Lundu, abaasumulula eggye lyabwe erya WaZimba. WaZimba baalumba ebibuga by’Abapotigo eby’obusuubuzi nga Tete, Sena n’ebibuga ebirala bingi.<ref name="thinkafrica.net">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Abamaravi nabo bateeberezebwa okuba nga baaleeta obulombolombo obwandifuuse ekibiina kya Nyau eky'ekyama okuva e Upemba. Aba Nyau be bakola ku nzikiriza oba eddiini y'obuwangwa ey'abantu b'omu Maravi. Ekibiina kya Nyau kirimu okuzina okw'obulombolombo n'obukookolo obukozesebwa mu kuzina; enzikiriza eno yasaasaana okwetooloola ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maptia |title=The Secret Cult of Nyau Dancers |url=https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108130415/https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-date=8 November 2020 |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=Maptia |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwakendeera olw'enkaayana ezikwata ku busika mu mukago, okulumbibwa Ngoni n'okulumba abaddu okuva mu Yao.<ref name="thinkafrica.net2">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa ne Mfecane''' Ng'Obwakabaka bwa Great Zimbabwe bwali bukendedde, omu ku balangira baabwo, Nyatsimba Mutota, yava mu ggwanga n'atandikawo obwakabaka obupya obuyitibwa Mutapa. Ekitiibwa kya Mwene Mutapa, ekitegeeza "Omulumbaganyi w'Ensi", kyamuweebwa era n'abafuzi abaddirira.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mwene Matapa {{!}} historical dynastic title, southern Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520141810/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |archive-date=20 May 2023 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwafuganga ekitundu ekiri wakati w’Omugga Zambezi n’Omugga Limpopo, mu kitundu ekiriwo kati ekiyitibwa Zambia, Zimbabwe ne Mozambique, okuva mu kyasa ekya 14 okutuusa mu kyasa ekya 17. Mu ntikko yaabwo, Mutapa yali awambye ekitundu kya Dande eky’Omugga Tonga ne Tavara. Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwasinganga kwetaba mu by’obusuubuzi okusomoka Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okutuuka mu mawanga ag’omu Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Okufaananako abantu abaaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu mu Maravi, Mutapa yalina obuzibu n’abasuubuzi Abapotigo abaali bazze. Obutategeeragana buno we bwatuukira ku ntikko, Abapotigo baali bagezezzaako okukyusa mu nsonga z’omunda mu bwakabaka nga batandikawo obutale mu bwakabaka era nga bakyusa abantu okubayingiza Obukristaayo. Ekikolwa kino kyaleetawo obusungu mu Basiraamu AbaSwahili abaali babeera mu kibuga ekikulu, akavuyo kano kaawa Abapotigo ensonga gye baali banoonya okulumba obwakabaka era bagezeeko okufuga ebirombe by'abwo ebya zaabu n'enguudo awayitira amasanga. Obulumbaganyi buno bwagwa butaka Abapotigo bwe baalumbibwa endwadde nga bayita ku mugga Zambezi.<ref name="Mutapa">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1600 enkaayana ez'omunda n'olutalo lw'omunda byatandika okukendeera kwa Mutapa. Obwakabaka obwali bunafuye bwawangulwa Abapotigo era oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera bwatwalibwa amawanga ga Shona bwe baali bawalangana.<ref name="Mutapa2">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Abapotigo nabo baalina ettaka ddene, eryali limanyiddwa nga Prazos, era baakozesanga abaddu n'abaali abaddu ng'abakuumi n'abayizzi. Baatendekanga abasajja mu bukodyo bw'amagye era ne babawa emmundu. Abasajja bano baafuuka abayizzi b'enjovu abakugu era baali bamanyiddwa nga ba Chikunda. Oluvannyuma lw'okukendeera kw'Abapotigo, Chikunda baasobola okwesolossa munda mu Zambia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2019 |title=Chikunda |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227184451/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |archive-date=27 February 2021 |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Portugal okubeera mu kitundu ekyo kyali nsonga lwaki obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwatandikibwawo, eggwanga eryali lyetongodde ku Mutapa. Omukulembeze w'obwakabaka bwa Rozvi, Changamire Dombo, yafuuka omu ku bakulembeze abasingayo amaanyi mu byafaayo bya South-Central Africa. Wansi w'obukulembeze bwe, obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwawangula Abapotigo ne babaggya mu bifo mwe baali bakolera bizineesi ku mugga Zambezi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rozwi {{!}} historical state, Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125203243/https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |archive-date=25 January 2021 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Naye oboolyawo ekyokulabirako ekisinga okumanyibwa mu kino okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti kwe kweyongera kw’Abazulu wansi w’obukulembeze bwa Shaka. Okupikirizibwa okuva eri Abangereza abafuzi b’amatwale mu Cape ne okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti mu Bazulu kyavaako Mfecane (okunyigirizibwa). Abazulu beeyongera nga bayingiza abakazi n’abaana b’ebika bye baawangula, singa abasajja b’ebika bino ebya Nguni baawona okuttibwa, baakozesa obukodyo bw’amagye obw’Abazulu okulumba ebibinja ebirala.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Kino kyaviirako abantu bangi okusenguka, entalo n'obulumbaganyi mu Bukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati ne mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika nga ab'ekika kya Nguni oba Ngoni nga bakulembeddwamu Zwagendaba baasomoka omugga Zambezi nga batambulira mu Bukiikakkono. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni be baakuba ekibuga Maravi Empire ekyali kinafuye. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni abasinga obungi baasenga mu kitundu ekyali Zambia, [[Malawi]], [[Mozambique]] ne [[Tanzania]] era ne beegatta ku bika ebyali mu kitundu ekyo.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history2">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Zambia, ekibinja ekirala eky’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Afirika eky’Abasotho-Tswana abava mu Luba ne Lunda ezaagwa edda abayitibwa Abaluyana baawamba Kololo ne bamussaako olulimi Olukololo okutuusa Abaluyana lwe beekalakaasa ne baggyako Kololo mu kiseera kino olulimi Olukololo lwali lwerabiddwa era olulimi olupya olugattiddwa lwe lwavaamu, SiLozi era Abaluyana baatandika okweyita Abalozi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lozi {{!}} people |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528092724/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |archive-date=28 May 2023 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kya 18, Abamu ku Mbunda baasengukira mu Barotseland, Mongu oluvannyuma lw'okusenguka kw'abantu abalala, nga muno mwe muli, Ciyengele.<ref>'' The elites of Barotseland, 1878–1969: a political history of Zambia's Western Province'': a. Gerald L. Caplan, C. Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd, 1970, {{ISBN|0-900966-38-6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=maniacky |first=jacky |title=bantu zone K |url=http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140411045127/http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-date=2014-04-11 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.bantu-languages.com}}</ref> '''Ekiseera ky'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' '''Abazungu''' Omu ku Bulaaya abaasooka okuwandiikibwa nga baakyalako mu kitundu kino yali omuvumbuzi Omupotigo Francisco de Lacerda ku nkomerero y'ekyasa ekya 18. Lacerda yakulemberamu ekibinja ky'abavumbuzi okuva e Mozambique okutuuka mu kitundu ky'e Kazembe mu Zambia (nga balina ekiruubirirwa eky'okuvumbula n'okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa okuva ku lubalama lw'ennyanja okutuuka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja omulundi ogusooka),<ref>{{cite web |year=1798 |title=Instructions and Travel Diary that Governor Francisco Joze de Lacerda e Almeida Wrote about His Travel to the Center of Africa, Going to the River of Sena, in the Year of 1798 |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905135844/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |archive-date=5 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Library of Congress}}</ref> era n'afa mu kiseera ky'olugendo mu 1798. Olugendo luno okuva olwo lwakulemberwamu mukwano gwe Francisco Pinto.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hartnett |first=Craig |title=Portuguese Expedition to Northern Rhodesia, 1798–99 |url=http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924023553/http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Great North Road (GNR, Northern Rhodesia, Zambia) |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ekitundu kino, ekisangibwa wakati wa Mozambique ne [[Angola]], kyali kigambibwa nti kyali kya Bupotugo mu kiseera ekyo. Abalala abava mu Bulaaya baagoberera mu kyasa 19. Eyasinga okumanyika mu bano yali David Livingstone, eyalina okwolesebwa okw'okukomya okusuubula abaddu ng'ayita mu "3Cs": Obukristaayo, Ebyobusuubuzi, n'Obuwangwa. Ye Muzungu eyasooka okulaba ebisulo by'amazzi ebyewuunyisa ku Mugga Zambezi mu 1855, n'abyogerako bw'ati: "Ebifo ebirabika obulungi bityo biteekwa okuba nga byatunuulirwa bamalayika mu kudduka kwabwe".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Livingstone Discovers Victoria Falls, 1855 |url=http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522092057/http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |archive-date=22 May 2020 |access-date=28 May 2020 |website=EyeWitness to History}}</ref> Mu kitundu kino ebiyiriro bimanyiddwa nga "Mosi-o-Tunya" oba "omukka ogubwatuka" mu lulimi Lozi oba Kololo. Ekibuga Livingstone, okumpi n'ebiyiriro, kiyitibwa erinnya lye. Emboozi ezikwata ku ŋŋendo ze zaali zimanyiddwa nnyo ne kiviirako abagenyi bangi okuva mu Bulaaya, abaminsani, n'abasuubuzi oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwe mu 1873.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627015544/https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-date=27 June 2020 |website=The Provincial Administration Website}}</ref> '''Kampuni ya British South Africa Company''' Mu 1888, kampuni ya British South Africa Company (BSA Company), eyakulemberwa Cecil Rhodes, yafuna olukusa okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka okuva ku Litunga ow'abantu ba Lozi, omukulu w'essaza ly'abantu ba Lozi (Ba-rotse) mu kitundu ekyafuuka Barotziland-North-Western Rhodesia.<ref name="livingstone">{{cite web |author=Livingstone Tourism Association |title=Destination:Zambia&nbsp;– History and Culture |url=http://www.livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012153527/http://livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> Ebuvanjuba, mu Gwekkumineebiri 1897 ekibinja ky’Abangoni oba Abangoni (abaasibuka mu Zululand) beekalakaasa nga bakulemberwa Tsinco, mutabani wa Kabaka Mpezeni, naye obujeemu bwakomezebwawo,<ref name="unam">{{cite web |author1=Human Rights |author2=Documentation Centre |name-list-style=amp |title=Zambia: Historical Background |url=http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311093653/http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-date=11 March 2007 |access-date=14 January 2011}}</ref> era Mpezeni n’akkiriza Pax Britannica. Ekitundu ky’eggwanga ekyo kyatandika okumanyibwa nga Rhodesia ey'omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba. Mu 1895, Rhodes yasaba omusikawutu wa Omumerika Frederick Russell Burnham okunoonya eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka n’engeri y’okulongoosaamu entambula y’emigga mu kitundu ekyo, era mu lugendo luno mwe mwazuulibwa Frederick Russell Burnham eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka bingi ku mugga Kafue.<ref name="burnham1899">{{cite book |last=Burnham |first=Frederick Russell |author-link=Frederick Russell Burnham |year=1899 |title=Bulawayo Up-to-date; Being a General Sketch of Rhodesia |title-link=s:Northern Rhodesia |publisher=Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co. |editor-last=Wills |editor-first=Walter H. |pages=177–180 |chapter=Northern Rhodesia}}</ref> '''Obufuzi bw'amatwale ga Bungereza''' Mu 1953, okutondebwawo kwa Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland z'agatta wamu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono ne Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo, ne Nyasaland (kati Malawi) ng’ekitundu kimu ekyetongodde. Kino kyakolebwa wadde nga waaliwo okuwakanyizibwa okuva mu bantu abatono, abaakola okwekalakaasa okwaliwo mu 1960–61.<ref name="infoplease">{{cite web |author=Pearson Education |title=Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Federation of |url=http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012231959/http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> '''Obwetwaaze''' Omukago gwasaanyizibwawo nga 31 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, era mu Gwoluberyeberye 1964, Kaunda yawangula akalulu k'Obwaminisita bwa Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono. Gavana w'amatwale, Sir Evelyn Hone, yali mukwano nnyo gwa Kaunda era yamukubiriza okwesimbawo ku kifo ekyo. Mangu ddala oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, waaliwo okwekalakaasa mu Bukiikakkono bw'eggwanga eryo eryali limanyiddwa nga Lumpa Uprising nga lyali liduumirwa Alice Lenshina – Kaunda's first internal conflict as leader of the nation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2020 |title=Alice Lenshina |url=https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228081501/https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |archive-date=28 February 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=The British Empire}}</ref> Rhodesia yafuuka Republic of Zambia nga 24 Ogwekkumi 1964, nga Kenneth Kaunda ye pulezidenti eyasooka. Ku kufuna obwetwaze, wadde nga yalina ebyobugagga eby'omu ttaka ebingi, Zambia yasanga okusoomoozebwa okw'amaanyi. Munda mu ggwanga, waaliwo Abazambia abatendeke era abayivu abasukka mu 70,000 abaali basobola okuddukanya gavumenti, era ebyenfuna byali byesigamye nnyo ku bakugu okuva mu mawanga amalala. Obukugu buno bwaweebwa mu ngeri emu oba endala omubaka wa Bungereza mu Zambia John Willson.<ref>[http://www.chu.cam.ac.uk/archives/collections/BDOHP/Willson.pdf WILLSON, John Michael (born 15 July 1931)]{{Dead link|date=June 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}. BDOHP Biographical Details and Interview Index. chu.cam.ac.uk</ref> Waaliwo Abazungu abasukka mu 70,000 ababeera mu Zambia mu 1964, era baasigala nga ba mugaso nnyo mu byenfuna.<ref name="Zambia">{{Cite news|date=1964-10-25|title=1964: President Kaunda takes power in Zambia|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605125604/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-date=5 June 2013|access-date=2025-09-13|url-status=live|language=en-GB}}</ref> Kaunda okuwagira abayeekera ba Patriotic Front abaali bakola obulumbaganyi mu mawanga ag'omuliraano (Bukiikaddyo) Rhodesia kyaleetawo obunkenke mu by'obufuzi era ne kireetawo okukozesa amagye ku nsalo, era kino kyaviirako ensalo okuggalwa mu 1973.<ref name="blackfire">{{cite book |last=Raeburn |first=Michael |year=1978 |title=We are everywhere: Narratives from Rhodesian guerillas |url=https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-0-394-50530-5 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 1–209]}}</ref>Ebbibiro ly'amasannyalaze erya Kariba ku mugga Zambezi lyawa amasannyalaze agamala okukola ku byetaago by'eggwanga eby'amasannyalaze, wadde nga Rhodesia ye yali ekola ku by'amasannyalaze. Nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1978, ennyonyi ey'abantu ba bulijjo, Air Rhodesia Flight 825, yakubibwa amasasi okumpi ne Kariba abayeekera ba Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) abaakulemberwa Joshua Nkomo. Rhodesia yaddamu n'ekikwekweto kya Gatling, okulumba enkambi endala mu Zambia nga bakozesa amaanyi g'ennyonyi n'abajaasi abakugu mu kubuuka mu bbanga n'abajaasi abakugu mu kukozesa ennyonyi.<ref>{{cite web |title=GREEN LEADER. OPERATION GATLING, THE RHODESIAN MILITARY'S RESPONSE TO THE VISCOUNT TRAGEDY |url=http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125155440/http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-date=25 January 2017 |access-date=22 April 2017}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1970, Mozambique ne Angola zaali zifunye obwetwaze okuva ku Portugal. Gavumenti ya Rhodesia eyali esingamu abazungu, eyafulumya Ekirangiriro ky’Obwetwaze mu 1965, yakkiriza obufuzi obw’abantu abangi wansi w’Endagaano ya Lancaster House mu 1979.<ref name="zimstudy">{{cite book |last=Nelson |first=Harold |year=1983 |title=Zimbabwe: A Country Study |publisher=Claitors Publishing Division |isbn=978-0-16-001598-4 |pages=54–137}}</ref> Obukuubagano mu bitundu byombi ebyali bifugibwa Abapotigo n'olutalo lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwa [[Namibia]] byaviirako okuyingira kw'abanoonyi b'obubudamuera ne kyongera ku buzibu bw'ebyentambula. Oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Benguela, olwayita mu [[Angola]], lwaggalwawo ddala eri ebyentambula bya Zambia mu myaka gya 1970 egyali gisembayo. Zambia okuwagira ebibiina ebirwanyisa obusosoze mu mawanga nga African National Congress (ANC) era kyaleetawo obuzibu bw'ebyokwerinda ng'amagye ga South Africa Defence Force galumba ebifo ebitali bimu mu lutalo lw'okulwanyisa obwetwaze bwa Namibia.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Evans, M. |year=1984 |title=The Front-Line States, South Africa and Southern African Security: Military Prospects and Perspectives |url=http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/Journal%20of%20the%20University%20of%20Zimbabwe/vol12n1/juz012001002.pdf |journal=Zambezia |volume=12 |page=1}}</ref> '''Ebizibu by'ebyenfuna''' Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1970, omuwendo gwa kkopa, ekyamaguzi ekikulu ekiva mu Zambia, gwasereba nnyo mu nsi yonna. Mu mbeera ya Zambia, obungi bw'okutambuza kkopa eŋŋendo empanvu okutuuka mu katale kyali kizibu kinene. Zambia yasaba obuyambi okuva mu mawanga ag'ebweru n'ag'ensi yonna, naye, nga bbeeyi ya kkopa esigadde nga yasereba, kyeyongera okubeera ekizibu okusasula amabanja gaayo agaali geeyongera. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1990, wadde nga tewaaliwo kusonyiyibwa mabanja, ebbeyi ya kkopa eyali eva mu Zambia yali emu ku bintu ebyali bisinga okuba eby'ebbeeyi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia (12/08) |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625080205/https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |archive-date=25 June 2020 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> '''Okukola ku nsonga z'abantu''' Mu Gwomukaaga 1990, obwegugungo obwali buwakanya Kaunda bwatandika era abeekalakaasi bangi battibwa gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2020 |title=About Zambia |url=http://www.psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509233410/http://psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-date=9 May 2016 |access-date=20 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bartlett |first=David M. C. |date=2000 |title=Civil Society and Democracy: A Zambian Case Study |journal=Journal of Southern African Studies |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=429–446 |doi=10.1080/030570700750019655 |issn=0305-7070 |jstor=2637411 |s2cid=143480603}}</ref>Mu 1990, Kaunda yawona okulumbibwa amagye, era mu 1991, yakkiriza okuzzaawo enfuga ey'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, oluvannyuma lw'okussaawo enfuga ey'ekibiina ekimu wansi w'akakiiko ka Choma aka 1972. Oluvannyuma lw'okulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, Kaunda yaggyibwa mu woofiisi oluvannyuma lw'okuwangulwa mu kulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi Frederick Chiluba. Mu myaka gya 2000, ebyenfuna byanywerera, ne bituuka ku kweyongera kw'ebbeeyi y'ebintu mu 2006–2007, okweyongera kw'ebyenfuna, okukendeera kw'amagoba, n'okweyongera kw'omutindo gw'ebyobusuubuzi. Bingi ku kukulaakulana kuno kuvudde ku kusiga ensimbi okuva ebweru mu by'okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka n'okweyongera kw'emiwendo gy'ekikomo mu nsi yonna. Bino byonna byaleetera Zambia okusikirizibwa ennyo abagabi b'obuyambi era ne kireetera abasiga nsimbi okwongera okwesiga eggwanga lino. == Ebyobufuzi == Ebyobufuzi mu Zambia bitambulira mu nkola ey'omukulembeze w'eggwanga omukiise mu demokulasiya ow'eggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo, omukulembeze wa Zambia y'akulira eggwanga era akulira gavumenti mu ggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo. Gavumenti ekozesa obuyinza obw'okuteeka mu nkola, ate obuyinza obw'okukola amateeka buweebwa gavumenti ne paalamenti. Zambia yafuuka repubuliki oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu Gwekkumi 1964. Okuva mu 2011 okutuuka mu 2014, pulezidenti wa Zambia yali Michael Sata, okutuusa Sata lwe yafa nga 28 Ogwekkumi 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zambian President Michael Sata dies in London - BBC News|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705073526/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-date=2017-07-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=BBC News|language=en-GB}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Sata, omumyuka wa pulezidenti Guy Scott, Omuzambia ow'ensibuko y'Abasikawutu, yafuuka omukungu akola nga pulezidenti. Okulonda kwa pulezidenti kwaliwo nga 22 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015. Omugatte gw’abantu 11 abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti be beesimbawo mu kulonda era nga 24 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015, kyalangirirwa nti Edgar Chagwa Lungu yali awangudde okulonda okufuuka pulezidenti ow’omukaaga. Yawangula ebitundu 48.33% eby’obululu, ng’obululu 1.66% bwali bumusinga ku munnabyabufuzi akyasinze okuvuganya gavumenti, Hakainde Hichilema, eyafuna ebitundu 46.67%.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Defence Minister Lungu wins Zambia's disputed presidential race|url=http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305065726/http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-date=2016-03-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=Yahoo News|language=en-US}}</ref>Abantu abalala mwenda abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti baafuna obululu obutaweza na bitundu 1% ku bululu bwonna. Mu kulonda pkwaliwo mu Gwomunaana 2016 Zambian general election pulezidenti Edgar Lungu yawangula okulonda okw’omulundi ogw’okubiri. Omukago ogutaba ebibiina by’ebyobufuzi ogwa Patriotic Front (PF) gwagaana ebyali byogerwa ab’oludda oluvuganya gavumenti, UPND party.<ref name="bbc-15aug2016">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|title=Zambia's President Edgar Lungu declared election winner|work=BBC News|date=15 August 2016|access-date=17 May 2021|archive-date=26 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026223033/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021, okwalimu abalonzi 70% ku abo abaali basuubirwa, Hakainde Hichilema yawangula ebitundu 59% eby’obululu, ng’omuvuganya we eyali asingayo okuba ow’amaanyi, Edgar Chagwa Lungu, eyali pulezidenti mu kiseera ekyo, yafuna ebitundu 39% eby’obululu.<ref name="zm-elec-39">{{Cite news|url=https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm|title=Presidential Election Results|work=Electoral Commission of Zambia|date=16 August 2021|access-date=27 December 2021|archive-date=2 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102194510/https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm/}}</ref> Nga 16 Ogwomunaana Edgar Lungu yakkiriza mu kiwandiiko kye yafulumya ku ttivi, ng’aweereza ebbaluwa era ng’ayozayoza pulezidenti omulonde Hakainde Hichilema.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-08-16|title=Zambia election: Hakainde Hichilema beats President Edgar Lungu|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|access-date=2021-08-16|archive-date=24 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824152003/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|last=Kabwe|first=Zitto|author-link=Zitto Kabwe|user=zittokabwe|number=1426967254986629126|date=15 August 2021|title=#Zambia President @EdgarCLungu has conceded in a letter sent to now president elect @HHichilema of @UPNDZM. Once again Zambia has shown the world the level of its democratic maturity. Peaceful transfer of power is happening for third time in history. Congratulations Zambians|language=en|access-date=30 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827180204/https://twitter.com/zittokabwe/status/1426967254986629126|archive-date=27 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomunaana 2021, Hakainde Hichilema yalayizibwa nga pulezidenti wa Zambia omuggya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2021 |title=Zambia's Hakainde Hichilema sworn in as President in rare victory for an African opposition leader |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116213703/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |archive-date=16 November 2021 |access-date=16 November 2021}}</ref> '''Amaggye''' Mu 2019, Zambia yassa omukono ku ndagaano ya UN ekwata ku Kuziyiza eby'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa ebya Nukiriya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2017 |title=Chapter XXVI: Disarmament&nbsp;– No. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806220546/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |archive-date=6 August 2019 |access-date=18 October 2019 |publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection}}</ref> '''Amateeka n'eddembe ly'obuntu''' Gavumenti evunaanye abavumirira nga bakozesa ebigambo by'amateeka nti baali bawabya abantu. Amateeka agakwata ku kuwandiika ebintu ebikyamu gakozesebwa okukugira eddembe ly'okwogera ne bannamawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2015 |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225030706/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-date=2021-02-25 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=2009-2017.state.gov}}</ref> Ebikolwa eby'okweganza wakati w'abantu ab'ekikula ekimu kimenya mateeka eri abasajja n'abakazi mu Zambia.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 May 2016 |title=State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition |url=http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902183618/http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |archive-date=2 September 2017 |access-date=29 July 2017 |website=[[International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Daniel|last=Avery|title=71 Countries Where Homosexuality is Illegal|url=https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|work=Newsweek|date=4 April 2019|access-date=18 August 2019|archive-date=11 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211204842/https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|url-status=live}}</ref> Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu 2010 kwalaga nti ebitundu 2% ebya Bannansi ba Zambia bakitwala nti okulya ebisiyaga tekirina buzibu bwonna ku mpisa.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Meyer |first1=Birgit |date=2021 |title=What Is Religion in Africa? Relational Dynamics in an Entangled World |journal=Journal of Religion in Africa |publisher=Brill |volume=50 |issue=1–2 |pages=156–181 |doi=10.1163/15700666-12340184 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2019, kyategeezebwa nti Omubaka wa Amerika mu Zambia Daniel Lewis Foote "yakwatibwa ensisi" olw'engeri Zambia gy'ekuumamu abalyi b'ebisiyaga mu makomera. Oluvannyuma lw'okujulira ne kulema era nga n'abafumbo bano Japhet Chataba ne Steven Samba baasalirwa ekibonerezo kya kusibibwa emyaka 15 mu makomera, Foote yasaba gavumenti ya Zambia okuddamu okwekenneenya omusango guno n'amateeka ga Zambia agalwanyisa ebisiyaga. Foote yafuna obuzibu era n'asazaamu okujja mu bantu oluvannyuma lw'okutiisibwatiisibwa ku mikutu gya yintaneeti, era oluvannyuma lw'okulangirirwa Lungu nti y'omuntu ataagalwa mu ggwanga eryo.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 December 2019 |title=US recalls ambassador to Zambia after gay rights row |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231195603/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |archive-date=31 December 2019 |access-date=12 January 2020 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 2026, gavumenti ya Zambia yavumirirwa olw'okwongezaayo olukiiko olw'amaanyi olw'ensi yonna olw'eddembe ly'obuntu, RightsCon, ennaku musanvu zokka nga tezinnatuuka okubeerawo mu Lusaka. Olukiiko olwo oluvannyuma lwasazibwamu oluvannyuma lw'okumanya nti gavumenti ya Zambia yali esaba, kirabika nga kya kusaba kw'abakungu ba China, okulungamya n'okuggyako aboogezi okuva e Taiwan. Abakugu baayogedde ku kweraliikirira olw'okulondoola n'okweyongera kw'obulabe eri ebitongole by'obwanakyewa.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gault ·|first1=Matthew|title=World's Largest Digital Human Rights Conference Suddenly Canceled|url=https://www.404media.co/rightscon-human-rights-conference-suddenly-postponed/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=404 Media|date=29 April 2026|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Elliott|first1=Vittoria|title=The Chinese Government Just Got the World's Largest Digital Rights Conference Canceled|url=https://www.wired.com/story/the-chinese-government-pressured-zambia-to-cancel-the-worlds-largest-digital-rights-conference/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Wired|date=1 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hendrix|first1=Justin|title=RightsCon Canceled After Zambia Requires 'Full Alignment' With 'National Values'|url=https://www.techpolicy.press/rightscon-canceled-after-zambia-requires-full-alignment-with-national-values/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Tech Policy Press|date=30 April 2026|language=en}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo by'abantu''' Okusinziira ku kubala abantu okwa 2022 mu Zambia, omuwendo gw'abantu mu Zambia gwali 19,610,769.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia's Population up to 19,610,769 in 2022 from 13,092,666 in 2010 – Zambia Statistics Agency |url=https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305022051/https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |archive-date=5 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ebibinja by'abantu ebisinga obunene mu Zambia beebo abayitibwa Bemba obukadde 3.3 (33.6%), Nyanja obukadde 1.8 (18.2%), Tonga obukadde 1.7 (16.8%), Abantu ab’omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba 1,000,000 (10.3%), Abalozii (Barotse) 770,000 (7.8%), Abamabwe 580,000 (5.9%), Abatumbuka 500,000 (5.1%), Abalamba 165,000 (2%), Abayindi 11,900 n’Abazungu 6,200.<ref>{{cite journal |date=2 November 2023 |title=Zambia |url=https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909114747/https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |archive-date=9 September 2023 |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=minorityrights.org}}</ref> Zambia y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubeeramu abantu mu bibuga mu Afirika eri wansi wa Sahara, ng'ebitundu 44% eby'abantu babeera mu bitundu ebisinga okubeeramu entambula, so ng'ate ebyalo birimu abantu batono nnyo. Omuwendo gw'abaana abazaalibwa gwali 6.2 mu 2007 (6.1 mu 1996, 5.9 mu 2001–02).<ref>{{cite web |title=Welcome to the Official site of Zambian Statistics |url=http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113144454/http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-date=13 November 2014 |access-date=11 April 2014 |publisher=Zamstats.gov.zm}}</ref> '''Ebibuga ebisinga obunene''' Okutandika kw'okuyiikuula ekikomo mu makolero ku Copperbelt mu myaka gya 1920 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga. Wadde ng'okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga kwali kuteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, kyali kinene nnyo.[1] Ebibuga ebikolebwamu eby'obugagga ku Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali eteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, yali nnene nnyo.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Potts |first=Deborah |date=2005 |title=Counter-urbanisation on the Zambian Copperbelt? Interpretations and implications |journal=Urban Studies |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=583–609 |bibcode=2005UrbSt..42..583P |doi=10.1080/00420980500060137 |s2cid=154412136}}</ref> Ebibuga ebirimu ebirombe bya Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali y'etoloolera ku gaali z'omukka n'enguudo okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwe bironbe bya kkoppa okuyita mu Kapiri Mposhi, Lusaka, Choma ne Livingstone. '''Ebibinja by'abantu''' Zambia elimu ebika nga 73,<ref name="BritannicaPeople">{{Cite web |title=Zambia – People |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambia/People |access-date=1 October 2024 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref><ref name="epr">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> wadde mu nkola waliwo ebibinja ebitono ebirabika obulungi.[2] Abazambia abasinga boogera Olubantu.<ref name="epr2">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ebibinja ebisinga obunene mu lulimi bye Bemba, Nyanja (era ekiyitibwa Chewa), ne Tonga; ebibinja ebirala ebitali binene nnyo bye Kaonde, Lozi, Luanda, ne Luvale.[2]<ref name="epr" /> Mu 2010, omuwendo gw'abantu gwateeberezebwa okuba ebitundu 21% Bemba, ebitundu 13.6% Tonga, ebitundu 7.4% Chewa, ebitundu 5.7% Lozi, ebitundu 5.3% Nsenga, ebitundu 4.4% Tumbuka, ebitundu 4.0% Ngoni, ne 38.6% abalala.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Bemba kye kisinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkono, Luapula, ne Copperbelt; ekibinja kya Tonga mu bitundu by'Obukiikaddyo, n'eby'Obugwanjuba; n'ekibinja kya Lozi mu bitundu by'Obugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Tumbuka ekitono ennyo kisangibwa mu kiwonvu kya Luangwa mu Buvanjuba.[2] Tewali kibinja ky'abantu aboogera olulimi olumu abasinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ebitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba tebirimu bantu bangi nnyo.<ref name="epr3">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ng’oggyeko olulimi, obuwangwa bukulu mu Zambia.<ref name="epr3" />Obuwangwa buno batera okubukwataganya n’obwesigwa bw’amaka oba n’ab’obuyinza eb'ennono. Obuwangwa buno busengekeddwa mu bibinja by’ennimi ebikulu.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Posner |first=Daniel N. |date=2005-06-06 |title=Institutions and Ethnic Politics in Africa |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-83398-1 |language=en |doi=10.1017/CBO9780511808661 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083432/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |archive-date=2023-03-21}}</ref> Abagwiira, okusingira ddala Abangereza oba Aba South Afrika, wamu n'abamu ku bannansi ba Zambia abeeru Abazungu abava mu Bungereza, babeera nnyo mu Lusaka ne mu Copperbelt mu Bukiikakkono bwa Zambia, gye baba nga bakola mu birombe, mu by'ensimbi n'emirimu emirala egifaananako bwe gityo oba nga bawummudde. Waaliwo Abazungu 70,000 mu Zambia mu 1964, naye bangi okuva olwo bavudde mu ggwanga.<ref name="Zambia" /> Zambia erina abantu abatono naye nga balina omugaso mu byenfuna abava mu Asia, abasinga obungi ku bo Buhindi ne Bachina. Ekibinja kino eky’abantu abatono ky'ekikyasinze okufuga eby’enfuna nga kye kikola ku by’okutunda ebintu. Kiteeberezebwa nti Abachina nga 80,000 be baali babeera mu Zambia mu 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ZAMBIA: Zambians wary of |url=http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910230935/http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-date=2011-09-10 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=IRINnews}}</ref> Mu myaka egiyise, ebikumi n’ebikumi by’abalimi abazungu abaali bagobeddwa mu Zimbabwe baasengukira e Zambia oluvannyuma lw’okuyitibwa gavumenti ya Zambia, okutandika okulima mu matwae g'omu Bukiikaddyo.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zim's Loss, Zam's gain: White Zimbabweans making good in Zambia|date=June 2004|newspaper=The Economist|access-date=28 August 2009|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110215085211/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-date=15 February 2011}}</ref><ref name="Spiegel">{{Cite news|title=Settling in Zambia: Zimbabwe's Displaced Farmers Find a New Home|last=Thielke|first=Thilo|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|date=27 December 2004|access-date=28 August 2009|periodical=[[Der Spiegel]]|archive-date=19 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619050250/http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza okwalebwa ku banoonyi b'obubuddamu mu 2009 ekyakubibwa akakiikio ka America akavunanyizibwa ku banoonyi b'obubudamu n'abagwiira eka U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, Zambia yalina omuwendo gw’abanoonyi b’obubudamu n’abanoonya obubudamu nga bali 88,900. Abanoonyi b’obubudamu abasinga obungi mu ggwanga baava mu Democratic Republic of the Congo (ababundabunda 47,300 okuva mu DRC ng'ababeera mu Zambia mu 2007), Angola (27,100 Bannangola Zambia), Zimbabwe (5,400) ne Rwanda (4,900).<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009">{{cite news|title=World Refugee Survey 2009|publisher=U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants|url=http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211175633/http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-date=11 December 2013}}</ref> Bannansi ba Zambia okutwaliza awamu baaniriza abagwira. Okutandika mu Gwokutaano 2008, omuwendo gw'Abazimbabwe mu Zambia gwatandika okulinnya ennyo; okuyingira kwali kusinga kw'Abazimbabwe abaali babeera mu South Africa abaali badduka obutabanguko obwali mu ggwanga eryo.<ref name="IRIN">{{Cite news|title=Zambia: Rising levels of resentment towards Zimbabweans|date=9 June 2008|access-date=7 August 2023|periodical=[[The New Humanitarian|IRIN News]]|url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2008/06/09/rising-levels-resentment-towards-zimbabweans|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930005909/http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=78648|archive-date=2009-09-30}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Kumpi abanoonyi b'obubudamo 60,000 babeera mu nkambi mu Zambia, ate 50,000 babeera mu bantu ba bulijjo. Abanoonyi b'obubudamo abaagala okukola mu Zambia balina okusaba olukusa saako n'ebiwandiiko ebikukkiriza okukola nga bino biyinza okutwala ddoola 500 buli mwaka.<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009" /> '''Eddiini''' Zambia mu butongole "eggwanga ery'Ekiikuristaayo" wansi wa Ssemateeka w'eggwanga owa 1996, naye essa ekitiibwa mu kukuuma eddembe ly'eddiini n'okusinza.<ref>{{cite web |date=30 June 2008 |title=Constitution of Zambia, 1991(Amended to 1996) |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105055544/http://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |archive-date=5 November 2012 |access-date=18 December 2012 |publisher=Scribd.com}}</ref> Zambia lye ggwanga lyokka mu Afirika erirangirira Obukristaayo ng'eddiini y'eggwanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Haynes |first=N. |date=2021 |title=Taking Dominion in a Christian Nation: North American Political Theology in an African Context |journal=Pneuma |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=214–232 |doi=10.1163/15700747-bja10036 |hdl=20.500.11820/48b556a6-cf81-4058-bf5b-894934a35ca0 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ekitongole kya Zambia ekivunaanyizibwa ku kubala abantu ekya Zambia Statistics Agency mu 2022 kyabalirira nti 98.0% ku Bannazambia Bakristaayo, nga 74.5% Bapulotesitanti, 17.9% Bakatoliki ate 5.6% Bajulirwa ba Yakuwa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2025-07-24 |title=RELIGIOUS LANDSCAPE OF ZAMBIA: AN ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF THE 2022 CENSUS FINDINGS |url=https://www.amulufeblog.com/2025/07/religious-landscape-of-zambia.html |access-date=2026-02-12 |website=Amulufeblog |language=en}}</ref> Enzikiriza z'ekikulisitaayo mu Zambia mulimu Apolotesitante, Abavangelika saako n'Abapentecoote.<ref name=":1" /> Obukristaayo bwatuuka mu Zambia okuyita mu bufuzi bw'amatwale obw'Abazungu, era enjawulo yaakyo ey'ebibiina eby'enjawulo eraga enkyukakyuka mu nkola y'obuminsani; okugeza, Obukatoliki bwava mu Mozambique ey'Abaportugalezi mu Buvanjuba, so ng'Obulokole bwava mu Bungereza mu Bukiikaddyo. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu 1964, Zambia yalaba okweyongera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibiina by'obuminsani ebirala okuva mu bitundu by'ensi ebitali bimu, naddala Amerika ey'Obukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. Mu byasa ebyaddirira, emirimu gy'obuminsani egy'Abazungu egyaddira abakkiriza ab'omu kitundu (okuggyako ebifo ebimu eby'obuminsani, gamba ng'abasawo). Oluvannyuma lwa Frederick Chiluba, Omukulisitaayo Omukristaayo, okufuuka pulezidenti mu 1991, ebibiina by'obuminsani eby'Abazungu byeyongera nnyo okwetooloola Zambia okuva mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu 1964, Zambia yalaba okweyongera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibiina by'obuminsani eby'Abazungu okuva mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani.<ref name="pentecostal">{{cite book |last=Steel |first=Matthew |year=2005 |title=Pentecostalism in Zambia: Power, Authority and the Overcomers |publisher=University of Wales |id=MSc Dissertation}}</ref> Eddiini z'Ekikristaayo ezimu ezirina abagoberezi batono mu nsi yonna zimanyiddwa nnyo mu Zambia. Eggwanga lirimu abantu abasukka mu kakadde akamu mu emitwalo abiri abali mu kibiina ky'Abalokole ab'Olunaku olw'omusanvu ku buli bantu 18 abali mu ggwanga.[1] Ekkanisa y'Abalokole eya Central Africa erimu abagoberezi abasukka mu 11,000 mu ggwanga.[2] Abantu abasukka mu bitundu 12 ku buli kikumi mu Zambia bali mu kibiina ky'Abalokole ab'Olunaku olw'omusanvu.[3] Nga balina abagoberezi abasukka mu kakadde kamu mu emitwalo abiri, eggwanga lirimu ekibiina ky'Abalokole ab'Olunaku olw'omusanvu ekisinga obunene mu Afirika, okuva ku bantu abasukka mu bukadde mwenda mu nsi yonna.[4] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] 7m0s3x8ufedynyat3hb4x1lohobhd2o 59344 59343 2026-07-06T16:27:33Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nterezezza mu mpandiika 59344 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Amawanga ga Luba-Lunda oluvannyuma gaakendeera olw'okutunda abaddu mu Atlantic mu Bugwanjuba ne mu Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba ne mu ntalo n'ebibinja ebyali byawuddwa ku bwakabaka. Aba Chokwe, ekibinja ekirina oluganda olw'okumpi ne Luvale era ne kitondebwawo ng'eggwanga lya Lunda satellite, mu kusooka gaakosebwa olw'obwetaavu bwabaddu eri Abazungu, naye bwe baawukana ku bwakabaka, bo bennyini baafuuka batunzi ba baddu abamanyiddwa ennyo, nga batunda abaddu ku mbalama zombi. Abachokwe oluvannyuma baawangulwa amawanga amalala n'Abaportugali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azuonye |first=Chukwuma |date=15 December 1996 |title=Chokwe: (Angola, Zambia) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ejao3vG6nfsC&pg=PA11 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-1990-1 |language=en}}</ref> Obutali butebenkevu buno bwaviirako okugwa kw'obwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'abantu okusaasaanira mu bitundu bya Zambia eby'enjawulo okuva mu Democratic Republic of the Congo. Abazambia abasinga obungi balina obuzaale mu bwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'obwakabaka obulala obuli mu Masekkati ga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1200, ng’eggwanga lya Luba-Lunda terinnatandikibwawo, ekibinja ky’aba Bantu baatandika okusenguka okuva mu Congo Basin okudda ku Nnyanja Mweru ate oluvannyuma ne basenga okumpi n’ennyanja Malawi. Abasenze bano balowoozebwa okuba nga baali abamu ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky’e Upemba mu Democratic Republic of Congo. Mu myaka gya 1400, ebibinja by’abasenze bano awamu baayitibwanga Maravi, era nga mu bo mwalimu Abachewa abaatandika okukoppa ebibinja by’aba Bantu nga Tumbuka.<ref name="Team">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 1480 Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwatandikibwawo kalonga (omukulu w'obwakabaka bwa Maravi) okuva mu kika kya Phiri, kimu ku bika ebikulu, ng'ebirala mulimu Banda, Mwale ne Nkhoma. Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwali buva ku Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Enkulaakulana y'ebyobufuzi ey'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi yali efaanana ey'Obwakabaka bwa Luba era kigambibwa nti bwavaayo. Ekyamaguzi ekikulu eky'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi kyali amasanga, agaatundibwanga okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Ekyuma nakyo kyakolebwanga era ne kitundibwa mu nsi endala. Mu myaka gya 1590, Abapotigo baagezaako okweddiza eby'obusuubuzi n’okutunda Maravi mu nsi endala. Okugezaako kuno kwaleetawo obusungu mu Maravi ab’e Lundu, abaasumulula eggye lyabwe erya WaZimba. WaZimba baalumba ebibuga by’Abapotigo eby’obusuubuzi nga Tete, Sena n’ebibuga ebirala bingi.<ref name="thinkafrica.net">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Abamaravi nabo bateeberezebwa okuba nga baaleeta obulombolombo obwandifuuse ekibiina kya Nyau eky'ekyama okuva e Upemba. Aba Nyau be bakola ku nzikiriza oba eddiini y'obuwangwa ey'abantu b'omu Maravi. Ekibiina kya Nyau kirimu okuzina okw'obulombolombo n'obukookolo obukozesebwa mu kuzina; enzikiriza eno yasaasaana okwetooloola ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maptia |title=The Secret Cult of Nyau Dancers |url=https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108130415/https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-date=8 November 2020 |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=Maptia |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwakendeera olw'enkaayana ezikwata ku busika mu mukago, okulumbibwa Ngoni n'okulumba abaddu okuva mu Yao.<ref name="thinkafrica.net2">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa ne Mfecane''' Ng'Obwakabaka bwa Great Zimbabwe bwali bukendedde, omu ku balangira baabwo, Nyatsimba Mutota, yava mu ggwanga n'atandikawo obwakabaka obupya obuyitibwa Mutapa. Ekitiibwa kya Mwene Mutapa, ekitegeeza "Omulumbaganyi w'Ensi", kyamuweebwa era n'abafuzi abaddirira.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mwene Matapa {{!}} historical dynastic title, southern Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520141810/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |archive-date=20 May 2023 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwafuganga ekitundu ekiri wakati w’Omugga Zambezi n’Omugga Limpopo, mu kitundu ekiriwo kati ekiyitibwa Zambia, Zimbabwe ne Mozambique, okuva mu kyasa ekya 14 okutuusa mu kyasa ekya 17. Mu ntikko yaabwo, Mutapa yali awambye ekitundu kya Dande eky’Omugga Tonga ne Tavara. Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwasinganga kwetaba mu by’obusuubuzi okusomoka Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okutuuka mu mawanga ag’omu Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Okufaananako abantu abaaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu mu Maravi, Mutapa yalina obuzibu n’abasuubuzi Abapotigo abaali bazze. Obutategeeragana buno we bwatuukira ku ntikko, Abapotigo baali bagezezzaako okukyusa mu nsonga z’omunda mu bwakabaka nga batandikawo obutale mu bwakabaka era nga bakyusa abantu okubayingiza Obukristaayo. Ekikolwa kino kyaleetawo obusungu mu Basiraamu AbaSwahili abaali babeera mu kibuga ekikulu, akavuyo kano kaawa Abapotigo ensonga gye baali banoonya okulumba obwakabaka era bagezeeko okufuga ebirombe by'abwo ebya zaabu n'enguudo awayitira amasanga. Obulumbaganyi buno bwagwa butaka Abapotigo bwe baalumbibwa endwadde nga bayita ku mugga Zambezi.<ref name="Mutapa">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1600 enkaayana ez'omunda n'olutalo lw'omunda byatandika okukendeera kwa Mutapa. Obwakabaka obwali bunafuye bwawangulwa Abapotigo era oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera bwatwalibwa amawanga ga Shona bwe baali bawalangana.<ref name="Mutapa2">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Abapotigo nabo baalina ettaka ddene, eryali limanyiddwa nga Prazos, era baakozesanga abaddu n'abaali abaddu ng'abakuumi n'abayizzi. Baatendekanga abasajja mu bukodyo bw'amagye era ne babawa emmundu. Abasajja bano baafuuka abayizzi b'enjovu abakugu era baali bamanyiddwa nga ba Chikunda. Oluvannyuma lw'okukendeera kw'Abapotigo, Chikunda baasobola okwesolossa munda mu Zambia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2019 |title=Chikunda |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227184451/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |archive-date=27 February 2021 |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Portugal okubeera mu kitundu ekyo kyali nsonga lwaki obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwatandikibwawo, eggwanga eryali lyetongodde ku Mutapa. Omukulembeze w'obwakabaka bwa Rozvi, Changamire Dombo, yafuuka omu ku bakulembeze abasingayo amaanyi mu byafaayo bya South-Central Africa. Wansi w'obukulembeze bwe, obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwawangula Abapotigo ne babaggya mu bifo mwe baali bakolera bizineesi ku mugga Zambezi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rozwi {{!}} historical state, Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125203243/https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |archive-date=25 January 2021 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Naye oboolyawo ekyokulabirako ekisinga okumanyibwa mu kino okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti kwe kweyongera kw’Abazulu wansi w’obukulembeze bwa Shaka. Okupikirizibwa okuva eri Abangereza abafuzi b’amatwale mu Cape ne okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti mu Bazulu kyavaako Mfecane (okunyigirizibwa). Abazulu beeyongera nga bayingiza abakazi n’abaana b’ebika bye baawangula, singa abasajja b’ebika bino ebya Nguni baawona okuttibwa, baakozesa obukodyo bw’amagye obw’Abazulu okulumba ebibinja ebirala.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Kino kyaviirako abantu bangi okusenguka, entalo n'obulumbaganyi mu Bukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati ne mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika nga ab'ekika kya Nguni oba Ngoni nga bakulembeddwamu Zwagendaba baasomoka omugga Zambezi nga batambulira mu Bukiikakkono. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni be baakuba ekibuga Maravi Empire ekyali kinafuye. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni abasinga obungi baasenga mu kitundu ekyali Zambia, [[Malawi]], [[Mozambique]] ne [[Tanzania]] era ne beegatta ku bika ebyali mu kitundu ekyo.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history2">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Zambia, ekibinja ekirala eky’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Afirika eky’Abasotho-Tswana abava mu Luba ne Lunda ezaagwa edda abayitibwa Abaluyana baawamba Kololo ne bamussaako olulimi Olukololo okutuusa Abaluyana lwe beekalakaasa ne baggyako Kololo mu kiseera kino olulimi Olukololo lwali lwerabiddwa era olulimi olupya olugattiddwa lwe lwavaamu, SiLozi era Abaluyana baatandika okweyita Abalozi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lozi {{!}} people |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528092724/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |archive-date=28 May 2023 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kya 18, Abamu ku Mbunda baasengukira mu Barotseland, Mongu oluvannyuma lw'okusenguka kw'abantu abalala, nga muno mwe muli, Ciyengele.<ref>'' The elites of Barotseland, 1878–1969: a political history of Zambia's Western Province'': a. Gerald L. Caplan, C. Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd, 1970, {{ISBN|0-900966-38-6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=maniacky |first=jacky |title=bantu zone K |url=http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140411045127/http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-date=2014-04-11 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.bantu-languages.com}}</ref> '''Ekiseera ky'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' '''Abazungu''' Omu ku Bulaaya abaasooka okuwandiikibwa nga baakyalako mu kitundu kino yali omuvumbuzi Omupotigo Francisco de Lacerda ku nkomerero y'ekyasa ekya 18. Lacerda yakulemberamu ekibinja ky'abavumbuzi okuva e Mozambique okutuuka mu kitundu ky'e Kazembe mu Zambia (nga balina ekiruubirirwa eky'okuvumbula n'okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa okuva ku lubalama lw'ennyanja okutuuka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja omulundi ogusooka),<ref>{{cite web |year=1798 |title=Instructions and Travel Diary that Governor Francisco Joze de Lacerda e Almeida Wrote about His Travel to the Center of Africa, Going to the River of Sena, in the Year of 1798 |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905135844/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |archive-date=5 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Library of Congress}}</ref> era n'afa mu kiseera ky'olugendo mu 1798. Olugendo luno okuva olwo lwakulemberwamu mukwano gwe Francisco Pinto.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hartnett |first=Craig |title=Portuguese Expedition to Northern Rhodesia, 1798–99 |url=http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924023553/http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Great North Road (GNR, Northern Rhodesia, Zambia) |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ekitundu kino, ekisangibwa wakati wa Mozambique ne [[Angola]], kyali kigambibwa nti kyali kya Bupotugo mu kiseera ekyo. Abalala abava mu Bulaaya baagoberera mu kyasa 19. Eyasinga okumanyika mu bano yali David Livingstone, eyalina okwolesebwa okw'okukomya okusuubula abaddu ng'ayita mu "3Cs": Obukristaayo, Ebyobusuubuzi, n'Obuwangwa. Ye Muzungu eyasooka okulaba ebisulo by'amazzi ebyewuunyisa ku Mugga Zambezi mu 1855, n'abyogerako bw'ati: "Ebifo ebirabika obulungi bityo biteekwa okuba nga byatunuulirwa bamalayika mu kudduka kwabwe".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Livingstone Discovers Victoria Falls, 1855 |url=http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522092057/http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |archive-date=22 May 2020 |access-date=28 May 2020 |website=EyeWitness to History}}</ref> Mu kitundu kino ebiyiriro bimanyiddwa nga "Mosi-o-Tunya" oba "omukka ogubwatuka" mu lulimi Lozi oba Kololo. Ekibuga Livingstone, okumpi n'ebiyiriro, kiyitibwa erinnya lye. Emboozi ezikwata ku ŋŋendo ze zaali zimanyiddwa nnyo ne kiviirako abagenyi bangi okuva mu Bulaaya, abaminsani, n'abasuubuzi oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwe mu 1873.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627015544/https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-date=27 June 2020 |website=The Provincial Administration Website}}</ref> '''Kampuni ya British South Africa Company''' Mu 1888, kampuni ya British South Africa Company (BSA Company), eyakulemberwa Cecil Rhodes, yafuna olukusa okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka okuva ku Litunga ow'abantu ba Lozi, omukulu w'essaza ly'abantu ba Lozi (Ba-rotse) mu kitundu ekyafuuka Barotziland-North-Western Rhodesia.<ref name="livingstone">{{cite web |author=Livingstone Tourism Association |title=Destination:Zambia&nbsp;– History and Culture |url=http://www.livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012153527/http://livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> Ebuvanjuba, mu Gwekkumineebiri 1897 ekibinja ky’Abangoni oba Abangoni (abaasibuka mu Zululand) beekalakaasa nga bakulemberwa Tsinco, mutabani wa Kabaka Mpezeni, naye obujeemu bwakomezebwawo,<ref name="unam">{{cite web |author1=Human Rights |author2=Documentation Centre |name-list-style=amp |title=Zambia: Historical Background |url=http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311093653/http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-date=11 March 2007 |access-date=14 January 2011}}</ref> era Mpezeni n’akkiriza Pax Britannica. Ekitundu ky’eggwanga ekyo kyatandika okumanyibwa nga Rhodesia ey'omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba. Mu 1895, Rhodes yasaba omusikawutu wa Omumerika Frederick Russell Burnham okunoonya eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka n’engeri y’okulongoosaamu entambula y’emigga mu kitundu ekyo, era mu lugendo luno mwe mwazuulibwa Frederick Russell Burnham eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka bingi ku mugga Kafue.<ref name="burnham1899">{{cite book |last=Burnham |first=Frederick Russell |author-link=Frederick Russell Burnham |year=1899 |title=Bulawayo Up-to-date; Being a General Sketch of Rhodesia |title-link=s:Northern Rhodesia |publisher=Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co. |editor-last=Wills |editor-first=Walter H. |pages=177–180 |chapter=Northern Rhodesia}}</ref> '''Obufuzi bw'amatwale ga Bungereza''' Mu 1953, okutondebwawo kwa Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland z'agatta wamu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono ne Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo, ne Nyasaland (kati Malawi) ng’ekitundu kimu ekyetongodde. Kino kyakolebwa wadde nga waaliwo okuwakanyizibwa okuva mu bantu abatono, abaakola okwekalakaasa okwaliwo mu 1960–61.<ref name="infoplease">{{cite web |author=Pearson Education |title=Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Federation of |url=http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012231959/http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> '''Obwetwaaze''' Omukago gwasaanyizibwawo nga 31 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, era mu Gwoluberyeberye 1964, Kaunda yawangula akalulu k'Obwaminisita bwa Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono. Gavana w'amatwale, Sir Evelyn Hone, yali mukwano nnyo gwa Kaunda era yamukubiriza okwesimbawo ku kifo ekyo. Mangu ddala oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, waaliwo okwekalakaasa mu Bukiikakkono bw'eggwanga eryo eryali limanyiddwa nga Lumpa Uprising nga lyali liduumirwa Alice Lenshina – Kaunda's first internal conflict as leader of the nation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2020 |title=Alice Lenshina |url=https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228081501/https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |archive-date=28 February 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=The British Empire}}</ref> Rhodesia yafuuka Republic of Zambia nga 24 Ogwekkumi 1964, nga Kenneth Kaunda ye pulezidenti eyasooka. Ku kufuna obwetwaze, wadde nga yalina ebyobugagga eby'omu ttaka ebingi, Zambia yasanga okusoomoozebwa okw'amaanyi. Munda mu ggwanga, waaliwo Abazambia abatendeke era abayivu abasukka mu 70,000 abaali basobola okuddukanya gavumenti, era ebyenfuna byali byesigamye nnyo ku bakugu okuva mu mawanga amalala. Obukugu buno bwaweebwa mu ngeri emu oba endala omubaka wa Bungereza mu Zambia John Willson.<ref>[http://www.chu.cam.ac.uk/archives/collections/BDOHP/Willson.pdf WILLSON, John Michael (born 15 July 1931)]{{Dead link|date=June 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}. BDOHP Biographical Details and Interview Index. chu.cam.ac.uk</ref> Waaliwo Abazungu abasukka mu 70,000 ababeera mu Zambia mu 1964, era baasigala nga ba mugaso nnyo mu byenfuna.<ref name="Zambia">{{Cite news|date=1964-10-25|title=1964: President Kaunda takes power in Zambia|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605125604/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-date=5 June 2013|access-date=2025-09-13|url-status=live|language=en-GB}}</ref> Kaunda okuwagira abayeekera ba Patriotic Front abaali bakola obulumbaganyi mu mawanga ag'omuliraano (Bukiikaddyo) Rhodesia kyaleetawo obunkenke mu by'obufuzi era ne kireetawo okukozesa amagye ku nsalo, era kino kyaviirako ensalo okuggalwa mu 1973.<ref name="blackfire">{{cite book |last=Raeburn |first=Michael |year=1978 |title=We are everywhere: Narratives from Rhodesian guerillas |url=https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-0-394-50530-5 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 1–209]}}</ref>Ebbibiro ly'amasannyalaze erya Kariba ku mugga Zambezi lyawa amasannyalaze agamala okukola ku byetaago by'eggwanga eby'amasannyalaze, wadde nga Rhodesia ye yali ekola ku by'amasannyalaze. Nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1978, ennyonyi ey'abantu ba bulijjo, Air Rhodesia Flight 825, yakubibwa amasasi okumpi ne Kariba abayeekera ba Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) abaakulemberwa Joshua Nkomo. Rhodesia yaddamu n'ekikwekweto kya Gatling, okulumba enkambi endala mu Zambia nga bakozesa amaanyi g'ennyonyi n'abajaasi abakugu mu kubuuka mu bbanga n'abajaasi abakugu mu kukozesa ennyonyi.<ref>{{cite web |title=GREEN LEADER. OPERATION GATLING, THE RHODESIAN MILITARY'S RESPONSE TO THE VISCOUNT TRAGEDY |url=http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125155440/http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-date=25 January 2017 |access-date=22 April 2017}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1970, Mozambique ne Angola zaali zifunye obwetwaze okuva ku Portugal. Gavumenti ya Rhodesia eyali esingamu abazungu, eyafulumya Ekirangiriro ky’Obwetwaze mu 1965, yakkiriza obufuzi obw’abantu abangi wansi w’Endagaano ya Lancaster House mu 1979.<ref name="zimstudy">{{cite book |last=Nelson |first=Harold |year=1983 |title=Zimbabwe: A Country Study |publisher=Claitors Publishing Division |isbn=978-0-16-001598-4 |pages=54–137}}</ref> Obukuubagano mu bitundu byombi ebyali bifugibwa Abapotigo n'olutalo lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwa [[Namibia]] byaviirako okuyingira kw'abanoonyi b'obubudamuera ne kyongera ku buzibu bw'ebyentambula. Oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Benguela, olwayita mu [[Angola]], lwaggalwawo ddala eri ebyentambula bya Zambia mu myaka gya 1970 egyali gisembayo. Zambia okuwagira ebibiina ebirwanyisa obusosoze mu mawanga nga African National Congress (ANC) era kyaleetawo obuzibu bw'ebyokwerinda ng'amagye ga South Africa Defence Force galumba ebifo ebitali bimu mu lutalo lw'okulwanyisa obwetwaze bwa Namibia.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Evans, M. |year=1984 |title=The Front-Line States, South Africa and Southern African Security: Military Prospects and Perspectives |url=http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/Journal%20of%20the%20University%20of%20Zimbabwe/vol12n1/juz012001002.pdf |journal=Zambezia |volume=12 |page=1}}</ref> '''Ebizibu by'ebyenfuna''' Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1970, omuwendo gwa kkopa, ekyamaguzi ekikulu ekiva mu Zambia, gwasereba nnyo mu nsi yonna. Mu mbeera ya Zambia, obungi bw'okutambuza kkopa eŋŋendo empanvu okutuuka mu katale kyali kizibu kinene. Zambia yasaba obuyambi okuva mu mawanga ag'ebweru n'ag'ensi yonna, naye, nga bbeeyi ya kkopa esigadde nga yasereba, kyeyongera okubeera ekizibu okusasula amabanja gaayo agaali geeyongera. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1990, wadde nga tewaaliwo kusonyiyibwa mabanja, ebbeyi ya kkopa eyali eva mu Zambia yali emu ku bintu ebyali bisinga okuba eby'ebbeeyi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia (12/08) |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625080205/https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |archive-date=25 June 2020 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> '''Okukola ku nsonga z'abantu''' Mu Gwomukaaga 1990, obwegugungo obwali buwakanya Kaunda bwatandika era abeekalakaasi bangi battibwa gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2020 |title=About Zambia |url=http://www.psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509233410/http://psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-date=9 May 2016 |access-date=20 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bartlett |first=David M. C. |date=2000 |title=Civil Society and Democracy: A Zambian Case Study |journal=Journal of Southern African Studies |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=429–446 |doi=10.1080/030570700750019655 |issn=0305-7070 |jstor=2637411 |s2cid=143480603}}</ref>Mu 1990, Kaunda yawona okulumbibwa amagye, era mu 1991, yakkiriza okuzzaawo enfuga ey'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, oluvannyuma lw'okussaawo enfuga ey'ekibiina ekimu wansi w'akakiiko ka Choma aka 1972. Oluvannyuma lw'okulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, Kaunda yaggyibwa mu woofiisi oluvannyuma lw'okuwangulwa mu kulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi Frederick Chiluba. Mu myaka gya 2000, ebyenfuna byanywerera, ne bituuka ku kweyongera kw'ebbeeyi y'ebintu mu 2006–2007, okweyongera kw'ebyenfuna, okukendeera kw'amagoba, n'okweyongera kw'omutindo gw'ebyobusuubuzi. Bingi ku kukulaakulana kuno kuvudde ku kusiga ensimbi okuva ebweru mu by'okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka n'okweyongera kw'emiwendo gy'ekikomo mu nsi yonna. Bino byonna byaleetera Zambia okusikirizibwa ennyo abagabi b'obuyambi era ne kireetera abasiga nsimbi okwongera okwesiga eggwanga lino. == Ebyobufuzi == Ebyobufuzi mu Zambia bitambulira mu nkola ey'omukulembeze w'eggwanga omukiise mu demokulasiya ow'eggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo, omukulembeze wa Zambia y'akulira eggwanga era akulira gavumenti mu ggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo. Gavumenti ekozesa obuyinza obw'okuteeka mu nkola, ate obuyinza obw'okukola amateeka buweebwa gavumenti ne paalamenti. Zambia yafuuka repubuliki oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu Gwekkumi 1964. Okuva mu 2011 okutuuka mu 2014, pulezidenti wa Zambia yali Michael Sata, okutuusa Sata lwe yafa nga 28 Ogwekkumi 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zambian President Michael Sata dies in London - BBC News|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705073526/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-date=2017-07-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=BBC News|language=en-GB}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Sata, omumyuka wa pulezidenti Guy Scott, Omuzambia ow'ensibuko y'Abasikawutu, yafuuka omukungu akola nga pulezidenti. Okulonda kwa pulezidenti kwaliwo nga 22 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015. Omugatte gw’abantu 11 abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti be beesimbawo mu kulonda era nga 24 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015, kyalangirirwa nti Edgar Chagwa Lungu yali awangudde okulonda okufuuka pulezidenti ow’omukaaga. Yawangula ebitundu 48.33% eby’obululu, ng’obululu 1.66% bwali bumusinga ku munnabyabufuzi akyasinze okuvuganya gavumenti, Hakainde Hichilema, eyafuna ebitundu 46.67%.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Defence Minister Lungu wins Zambia's disputed presidential race|url=http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305065726/http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-date=2016-03-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=Yahoo News|language=en-US}}</ref>Abantu abalala mwenda abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti baafuna obululu obutaweza na bitundu 1% ku bululu bwonna. Mu kulonda pkwaliwo mu Gwomunaana 2016 Zambian general election pulezidenti Edgar Lungu yawangula okulonda okw’omulundi ogw’okubiri. Omukago ogutaba ebibiina by’ebyobufuzi ogwa Patriotic Front (PF) gwagaana ebyali byogerwa ab’oludda oluvuganya gavumenti, UPND party.<ref name="bbc-15aug2016">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|title=Zambia's President Edgar Lungu declared election winner|work=BBC News|date=15 August 2016|access-date=17 May 2021|archive-date=26 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026223033/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021, okwalimu abalonzi 70% ku abo abaali basuubirwa, Hakainde Hichilema yawangula ebitundu 59% eby’obululu, ng’omuvuganya we eyali asingayo okuba ow’amaanyi, Edgar Chagwa Lungu, eyali pulezidenti mu kiseera ekyo, yafuna ebitundu 39% eby’obululu.<ref name="zm-elec-39">{{Cite news|url=https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm|title=Presidential Election Results|work=Electoral Commission of Zambia|date=16 August 2021|access-date=27 December 2021|archive-date=2 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102194510/https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm/}}</ref> Nga 16 Ogwomunaana Edgar Lungu yakkiriza mu kiwandiiko kye yafulumya ku ttivi, ng’aweereza ebbaluwa era ng’ayozayoza pulezidenti omulonde Hakainde Hichilema.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-08-16|title=Zambia election: Hakainde Hichilema beats President Edgar Lungu|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|access-date=2021-08-16|archive-date=24 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824152003/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|last=Kabwe|first=Zitto|author-link=Zitto Kabwe|user=zittokabwe|number=1426967254986629126|date=15 August 2021|title=#Zambia President @EdgarCLungu has conceded in a letter sent to now president elect @HHichilema of @UPNDZM. Once again Zambia has shown the world the level of its democratic maturity. Peaceful transfer of power is happening for third time in history. Congratulations Zambians|language=en|access-date=30 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827180204/https://twitter.com/zittokabwe/status/1426967254986629126|archive-date=27 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomunaana 2021, Hakainde Hichilema yalayizibwa nga pulezidenti wa Zambia omuggya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2021 |title=Zambia's Hakainde Hichilema sworn in as President in rare victory for an African opposition leader |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116213703/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |archive-date=16 November 2021 |access-date=16 November 2021}}</ref> '''Amaggye''' Mu 2019, Zambia yassa omukono ku ndagaano ya UN ekwata ku Kuziyiza eby'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa ebya Nukiriya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2017 |title=Chapter XXVI: Disarmament&nbsp;– No. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806220546/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |archive-date=6 August 2019 |access-date=18 October 2019 |publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection}}</ref> '''Amateeka n'eddembe ly'obuntu''' Gavumenti evunaanye abavumirira nga bakozesa ebigambo by'amateeka nti baali bawabya abantu. Amateeka agakwata ku kuwandiika ebintu ebikyamu gakozesebwa okukugira eddembe ly'okwogera ne bannamawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2015 |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225030706/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-date=2021-02-25 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=2009-2017.state.gov}}</ref> Ebikolwa eby'okweganza wakati w'abantu ab'ekikula ekimu kimenya mateeka eri abasajja n'abakazi mu Zambia.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 May 2016 |title=State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition |url=http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902183618/http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |archive-date=2 September 2017 |access-date=29 July 2017 |website=[[International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Daniel|last=Avery|title=71 Countries Where Homosexuality is Illegal|url=https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|work=Newsweek|date=4 April 2019|access-date=18 August 2019|archive-date=11 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211204842/https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|url-status=live}}</ref> Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu 2010 kwalaga nti ebitundu 2% ebya Bannansi ba Zambia bakitwala nti okulya ebisiyaga tekirina buzibu bwonna ku mpisa.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Meyer |first1=Birgit |date=2021 |title=What Is Religion in Africa? Relational Dynamics in an Entangled World |journal=Journal of Religion in Africa |publisher=Brill |volume=50 |issue=1–2 |pages=156–181 |doi=10.1163/15700666-12340184 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2019, kyategeezebwa nti Omubaka wa Amerika mu Zambia Daniel Lewis Foote "yakwatibwa ensisi" olw'engeri Zambia gy'ekuumamu abalyi b'ebisiyaga mu makomera. Oluvannyuma lw'okujulira ne kulema era nga n'abafumbo bano Japhet Chataba ne Steven Samba baasalirwa ekibonerezo kya kusibibwa emyaka 15 mu makomera, Foote yasaba gavumenti ya Zambia okuddamu okwekenneenya omusango guno n'amateeka ga Zambia agalwanyisa ebisiyaga. Foote yafuna obuzibu era n'asazaamu okujja mu bantu oluvannyuma lw'okutiisibwatiisibwa ku mikutu gya yintaneeti, era oluvannyuma lw'okulangirirwa Lungu nti y'omuntu ataagalwa mu ggwanga eryo.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 December 2019 |title=US recalls ambassador to Zambia after gay rights row |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231195603/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |archive-date=31 December 2019 |access-date=12 January 2020 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 2026, gavumenti ya Zambia yavumirirwa olw'okwongezaayo olukiiko olw'amaanyi olw'ensi yonna olw'eddembe ly'obuntu, RightsCon, ennaku musanvu zokka nga tezinnatuuka okubeerawo mu Lusaka. Olukiiko olwo oluvannyuma lwasazibwamu oluvannyuma lw'okumanya nti gavumenti ya Zambia yali esaba, kirabika nga kya kusaba kw'abakungu ba China, okulungamya n'okuggyako aboogezi okuva e Taiwan. Abakugu baayogedde ku kweraliikirira olw'okulondoola n'okweyongera kw'obulabe eri ebitongole by'obwanakyewa.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gault ·|first1=Matthew|title=World's Largest Digital Human Rights Conference Suddenly Canceled|url=https://www.404media.co/rightscon-human-rights-conference-suddenly-postponed/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=404 Media|date=29 April 2026|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Elliott|first1=Vittoria|title=The Chinese Government Just Got the World's Largest Digital Rights Conference Canceled|url=https://www.wired.com/story/the-chinese-government-pressured-zambia-to-cancel-the-worlds-largest-digital-rights-conference/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Wired|date=1 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hendrix|first1=Justin|title=RightsCon Canceled After Zambia Requires 'Full Alignment' With 'National Values'|url=https://www.techpolicy.press/rightscon-canceled-after-zambia-requires-full-alignment-with-national-values/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Tech Policy Press|date=30 April 2026|language=en}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo by'abantu''' Okusinziira ku kubala abantu okwa 2022 mu Zambia, omuwendo gw'abantu mu Zambia gwali 19,610,769.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia's Population up to 19,610,769 in 2022 from 13,092,666 in 2010 – Zambia Statistics Agency |url=https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305022051/https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |archive-date=5 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ebibinja by'abantu ebisinga obunene mu Zambia beebo abayitibwa Bemba obukadde 3.3 (33.6%), Nyanja obukadde 1.8 (18.2%), Tonga obukadde 1.7 (16.8%), Abantu ab’omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba 1,000,000 (10.3%), Abalozii (Barotse) 770,000 (7.8%), Abamabwe 580,000 (5.9%), Abatumbuka 500,000 (5.1%), Abalamba 165,000 (2%), Abayindi 11,900 n’Abazungu 6,200.<ref>{{cite journal |date=2 November 2023 |title=Zambia |url=https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909114747/https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |archive-date=9 September 2023 |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=minorityrights.org}}</ref> Zambia y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubeeramu abantu mu bibuga mu Afirika eri wansi wa Sahara, ng'ebitundu 44% eby'abantu babeera mu bitundu ebisinga okubeeramu entambula, so ng'ate ebyalo birimu abantu batono nnyo. Omuwendo gw'abaana abazaalibwa gwali 6.2 mu 2007 (6.1 mu 1996, 5.9 mu 2001–02).<ref>{{cite web |title=Welcome to the Official site of Zambian Statistics |url=http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113144454/http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-date=13 November 2014 |access-date=11 April 2014 |publisher=Zamstats.gov.zm}}</ref> '''Ebibuga ebisinga obunene''' Okutandika kw'okuyiikuula ekikomo mu makolero ku Copperbelt mu myaka gya 1920 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga. Wadde ng'okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga kwali kuteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, kyali kinene nnyo.[1] Ebibuga ebikolebwamu eby'obugagga ku Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali eteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, yali nnene nnyo.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Potts |first=Deborah |date=2005 |title=Counter-urbanisation on the Zambian Copperbelt? Interpretations and implications |journal=Urban Studies |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=583–609 |bibcode=2005UrbSt..42..583P |doi=10.1080/00420980500060137 |s2cid=154412136}}</ref> Ebibuga ebirimu ebirombe bya Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali y'etoloolera ku gaali z'omukka n'enguudo okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwe bironbe bya kkoppa okuyita mu Kapiri Mposhi, Lusaka, Choma ne Livingstone. '''Ebibinja by'abantu''' Zambia elimu ebika nga 73,<ref name="BritannicaPeople">{{Cite web |title=Zambia – People |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambia/People |access-date=1 October 2024 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref><ref name="epr">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> wadde mu nkola waliwo ebibinja ebitono ebirabika obulungi.[2] Abazambia abasinga boogera Olubantu.<ref name="epr2">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ebibinja ebisinga obunene mu lulimi bye Bemba, Nyanja (era ekiyitibwa Chewa), ne Tonga; ebibinja ebirala ebitali binene nnyo bye Kaonde, Lozi, Luanda, ne Luvale.[2]<ref name="epr" /> Mu 2010, omuwendo gw'abantu gwateeberezebwa okuba ebitundu 21% Bemba, ebitundu 13.6% Tonga, ebitundu 7.4% Chewa, ebitundu 5.7% Lozi, ebitundu 5.3% Nsenga, ebitundu 4.4% Tumbuka, ebitundu 4.0% Ngoni, ne 38.6% abalala.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Bemba kye kisinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkono, Luapula, ne Copperbelt; ekibinja kya Tonga mu bitundu by'Obukiikaddyo, n'eby'Obugwanjuba; n'ekibinja kya Lozi mu bitundu by'Obugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Tumbuka ekitono ennyo kisangibwa mu kiwonvu kya Luangwa mu Buvanjuba.[2] Tewali kibinja ky'abantu aboogera olulimi olumu abasinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ebitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba tebirimu bantu bangi nnyo.<ref name="epr3">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ng’oggyeko olulimi, obuwangwa bukulu mu Zambia.<ref name="epr3" />Obuwangwa buno batera okubukwataganya n’obwesigwa bw’amaka oba n’ab’obuyinza eb'ennono. Obuwangwa buno busengekeddwa mu bibinja by’ennimi ebikulu.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Posner |first=Daniel N. |date=2005-06-06 |title=Institutions and Ethnic Politics in Africa |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-83398-1 |language=en |doi=10.1017/CBO9780511808661 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083432/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |archive-date=2023-03-21}}</ref> Abagwiira, okusingira ddala Abangereza oba Aba South Afrika, wamu n'abamu ku bannansi ba Zambia abeeru Abazungu abava mu Bungereza, babeera nnyo mu Lusaka ne mu Copperbelt mu Bukiikakkono bwa Zambia, gye baba nga bakola mu birombe, mu by'ensimbi n'emirimu emirala egifaananako bwe gityo oba nga bawummudde. Waaliwo Abazungu 70,000 mu Zambia mu 1964, naye bangi okuva olwo bavudde mu ggwanga.<ref name="Zambia" /> Zambia erina abantu abatono naye nga balina omugaso mu byenfuna abava mu Asia, abasinga obungi ku bo Buhindi ne Bachina. Ekibinja kino eky’abantu abatono ky'ekikyasinze okufuga eby’enfuna nga kye kikola ku by’okutunda ebintu. Kiteeberezebwa nti Abachina nga 80,000 be baali babeera mu Zambia mu 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ZAMBIA: Zambians wary of |url=http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910230935/http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-date=2011-09-10 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=IRINnews}}</ref> Mu myaka egiyise, ebikumi n’ebikumi by’abalimi abazungu abaali bagobeddwa mu Zimbabwe baasengukira e Zambia oluvannyuma lw’okuyitibwa gavumenti ya Zambia, okutandika okulima mu matwae g'omu Bukiikaddyo.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zim's Loss, Zam's gain: White Zimbabweans making good in Zambia|date=June 2004|newspaper=The Economist|access-date=28 August 2009|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110215085211/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-date=15 February 2011}}</ref><ref name="Spiegel">{{Cite news|title=Settling in Zambia: Zimbabwe's Displaced Farmers Find a New Home|last=Thielke|first=Thilo|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|date=27 December 2004|access-date=28 August 2009|periodical=[[Der Spiegel]]|archive-date=19 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619050250/http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza okwalebwa ku banoonyi b'obubuddamu mu 2009 ekyakubibwa akakiikio ka America akavunanyizibwa ku banoonyi b'obubudamu n'abagwiira eka U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, Zambia yalina omuwendo gw’abanoonyi b’obubudamu n’abanoonya obubudamu nga bali 88,900. Abanoonyi b’obubudamu abasinga obungi mu ggwanga baava mu Democratic Republic of the Congo (ababundabunda 47,300 okuva mu DRC ng'ababeera mu Zambia mu 2007), Angola (27,100 Bannangola Zambia), Zimbabwe (5,400) ne Rwanda (4,900).<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009">{{cite news|title=World Refugee Survey 2009|publisher=U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants|url=http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211175633/http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-date=11 December 2013}}</ref> Bannansi ba Zambia okutwaliza awamu baaniriza abagwira. Okutandika mu Gwokutaano 2008, omuwendo gw'Abazimbabwe mu Zambia gwatandika okulinnya ennyo; okuyingira kwali kusinga kw'Abazimbabwe abaali babeera mu South Africa abaali badduka obutabanguko obwali mu ggwanga eryo.<ref name="IRIN">{{Cite news|title=Zambia: Rising levels of resentment towards Zimbabweans|date=9 June 2008|access-date=7 August 2023|periodical=[[The New Humanitarian|IRIN News]]|url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2008/06/09/rising-levels-resentment-towards-zimbabweans|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930005909/http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=78648|archive-date=2009-09-30}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Kumpi abanoonyi b'obubudamo 60,000 babeera mu nkambi mu Zambia, ate 50,000 babeera mu bantu ba bulijjo. Abanoonyi b'obubudamo abaagala okukola mu Zambia balina okusaba olukusa saako n'ebiwandiiko ebikukkiriza okukola nga bino biyinza okutwala ddoola 500 buli mwaka.<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009" /> '''Eddiini''' Zambia mu butongole "eggwanga ery'Ekiikuristaayo" wansi wa Ssemateeka w'eggwanga owa 1996, naye essa ekitiibwa mu kukuuma eddembe ly'eddiini n'okusinza.<ref>{{cite web |date=30 June 2008 |title=Constitution of Zambia, 1991(Amended to 1996) |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105055544/http://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |archive-date=5 November 2012 |access-date=18 December 2012 |publisher=Scribd.com}}</ref> Zambia lye ggwanga lyokka mu Afirika erirangirira Obukristaayo ng'eddiini y'eggwanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Haynes |first=N. |date=2021 |title=Taking Dominion in a Christian Nation: North American Political Theology in an African Context |journal=Pneuma |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=214–232 |doi=10.1163/15700747-bja10036 |hdl=20.500.11820/48b556a6-cf81-4058-bf5b-894934a35ca0 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ekitongole kya Zambia ekivunaanyizibwa ku kubala abantu ekya Zambia Statistics Agency mu 2022 kyabalirira nti 98.0% ku Bannazambia Bakristaayo, nga 74.5% Bapulotesitanti, 17.9% Bakatoliki ate 5.6% Bajulirwa ba Yakuwa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2025-07-24 |title=RELIGIOUS LANDSCAPE OF ZAMBIA: AN ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF THE 2022 CENSUS FINDINGS |url=https://www.amulufeblog.com/2025/07/religious-landscape-of-zambia.html |access-date=2026-02-12 |website=Amulufeblog |language=en}}</ref> Enzikiriza z'ekikulisitaayo mu Zambia mulimu Apolotesitante, Abavangelika saako n'Abapentecoote.<ref name=":1" /> Obukristaayo bwatuuka mu Zambia okuyita mu bufuzi bw'amatwale obw'Abazungu, era enjawulo yaakyo ey'ebibiina eby'enjawulo eraga enkyukakyuka mu nkola y'obuminsani; okugeza, Obukatoliki bwava mu Mozambique ey'Abaportugalezi mu Buvanjuba, so ng'Obulokole bwava mu Bungereza mu Bukiikaddyo. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu 1964, Zambia yalaba okweyongera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibiina by'obuminsani ebirala okuva mu bitundu by'ensi ebitali bimu, naddala Amerika ey'Obukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. Mu byasa ebyaddirira, emirimu gy'obuminsani egy'Abazungu egyaddira abakkiriza ab'omu kitundu (okuggyako ebifo ebimu eby'obuminsani, gamba ng'abasawo). Oluvannyuma lwa Frederick Chiluba, Omukulisitaayo Omukristaayo, okufuuka pulezidenti mu 1991, ebibiina by'obuminsani eby'Abazungu byeyongera nnyo okwetooloola Zambia okuva mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu 1964, Zambia yalaba okweyongera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibiina by'obuminsani eby'Abazungu okuva mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani.<ref name="pentecostal">{{cite book |last=Steel |first=Matthew |year=2005 |title=Pentecostalism in Zambia: Power, Authority and the Overcomers |publisher=University of Wales |id=MSc Dissertation}}</ref> Eddiini z'Ekikristaayo ezimu ezirina abagoberezi batono mu nsi yonna zimanyiddwa nnyo mu Zambia. Eggwanga lino lirina abantu abawerako ab'enzikiriza y'eki Adiventi nga mu bibala ku Bazambia 18 osangamu 1 omu Adiventi.[1] Ekkanisa y'Abalokole eya Central Africa erimu abagoberezi abasukka mu 11,000 mu ggwanga.[2] Abantu abasukka mu bitundu 12 ku buli kikumi mu Zambia basabira mu Kkanisa ya New Apostostoc Church.[3] Nga balina abagoberezi abasukka mu kakadde kamu mu emitwalo abiri, eggwanga lirimu ekibiina ky'Abaseveniside ekisinga obunene mu Afirika, okuva ku bantu abasukka mu bukadde mwenda mu nsi yonna.[4] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] 92npankf366lmq74xskfpy578ew4aj7 59345 59344 2026-07-06T16:29:08Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 59345 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Amawanga ga Luba-Lunda oluvannyuma gaakendeera olw'okutunda abaddu mu Atlantic mu Bugwanjuba ne mu Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba ne mu ntalo n'ebibinja ebyali byawuddwa ku bwakabaka. Aba Chokwe, ekibinja ekirina oluganda olw'okumpi ne Luvale era ne kitondebwawo ng'eggwanga lya Lunda satellite, mu kusooka gaakosebwa olw'obwetaavu bwabaddu eri Abazungu, naye bwe baawukana ku bwakabaka, bo bennyini baafuuka batunzi ba baddu abamanyiddwa ennyo, nga batunda abaddu ku mbalama zombi. Abachokwe oluvannyuma baawangulwa amawanga amalala n'Abaportugali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azuonye |first=Chukwuma |date=15 December 1996 |title=Chokwe: (Angola, Zambia) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ejao3vG6nfsC&pg=PA11 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-1990-1 |language=en}}</ref> Obutali butebenkevu buno bwaviirako okugwa kw'obwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'abantu okusaasaanira mu bitundu bya Zambia eby'enjawulo okuva mu Democratic Republic of the Congo. Abazambia abasinga obungi balina obuzaale mu bwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'obwakabaka obulala obuli mu Masekkati ga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1200, ng’eggwanga lya Luba-Lunda terinnatandikibwawo, ekibinja ky’aba Bantu baatandika okusenguka okuva mu Congo Basin okudda ku Nnyanja Mweru ate oluvannyuma ne basenga okumpi n’ennyanja Malawi. Abasenze bano balowoozebwa okuba nga baali abamu ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky’e Upemba mu Democratic Republic of Congo. Mu myaka gya 1400, ebibinja by’abasenze bano awamu baayitibwanga Maravi, era nga mu bo mwalimu Abachewa abaatandika okukoppa ebibinja by’aba Bantu nga Tumbuka.<ref name="Team">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 1480 Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwatandikibwawo kalonga (omukulu w'obwakabaka bwa Maravi) okuva mu kika kya Phiri, kimu ku bika ebikulu, ng'ebirala mulimu Banda, Mwale ne Nkhoma. Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwali buva ku Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Enkulaakulana y'ebyobufuzi ey'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi yali efaanana ey'Obwakabaka bwa Luba era kigambibwa nti bwavaayo. Ekyamaguzi ekikulu eky'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi kyali amasanga, agaatundibwanga okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Ekyuma nakyo kyakolebwanga era ne kitundibwa mu nsi endala. Mu myaka gya 1590, Abapotigo baagezaako okweddiza eby'obusuubuzi n’okutunda Maravi mu nsi endala. Okugezaako kuno kwaleetawo obusungu mu Maravi ab’e Lundu, abaasumulula eggye lyabwe erya WaZimba. WaZimba baalumba ebibuga by’Abapotigo eby’obusuubuzi nga Tete, Sena n’ebibuga ebirala bingi.<ref name="thinkafrica.net">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Abamaravi nabo bateeberezebwa okuba nga baaleeta obulombolombo obwandifuuse ekibiina kya Nyau eky'ekyama okuva e Upemba. Aba Nyau be bakola ku nzikiriza oba eddiini y'obuwangwa ey'abantu b'omu Maravi. Ekibiina kya Nyau kirimu okuzina okw'obulombolombo n'obukookolo obukozesebwa mu kuzina; enzikiriza eno yasaasaana okwetooloola ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maptia |title=The Secret Cult of Nyau Dancers |url=https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108130415/https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-date=8 November 2020 |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=Maptia |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwakendeera olw'enkaayana ezikwata ku busika mu mukago, okulumbibwa Ngoni n'okulumba abaddu okuva mu Yao.<ref name="thinkafrica.net2">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa ne Mfecane''' Ng'Obwakabaka bwa Great Zimbabwe bwali bukendedde, omu ku balangira baabwo, Nyatsimba Mutota, yava mu ggwanga n'atandikawo obwakabaka obupya obuyitibwa Mutapa. Ekitiibwa kya Mwene Mutapa, ekitegeeza "Omulumbaganyi w'Ensi", kyamuweebwa era n'abafuzi abaddirira.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mwene Matapa {{!}} historical dynastic title, southern Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520141810/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |archive-date=20 May 2023 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwafuganga ekitundu ekiri wakati w’Omugga Zambezi n’Omugga Limpopo, mu kitundu ekiriwo kati ekiyitibwa Zambia, Zimbabwe ne Mozambique, okuva mu kyasa ekya 14 okutuusa mu kyasa ekya 17. Mu ntikko yaabwo, Mutapa yali awambye ekitundu kya Dande eky’Omugga Tonga ne Tavara. Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwasinganga kwetaba mu by’obusuubuzi okusomoka Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okutuuka mu mawanga ag’omu Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Okufaananako abantu abaaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu mu Maravi, Mutapa yalina obuzibu n’abasuubuzi Abapotigo abaali bazze. Obutategeeragana buno we bwatuukira ku ntikko, Abapotigo baali bagezezzaako okukyusa mu nsonga z’omunda mu bwakabaka nga batandikawo obutale mu bwakabaka era nga bakyusa abantu okubayingiza Obukristaayo. Ekikolwa kino kyaleetawo obusungu mu Basiraamu AbaSwahili abaali babeera mu kibuga ekikulu, akavuyo kano kaawa Abapotigo ensonga gye baali banoonya okulumba obwakabaka era bagezeeko okufuga ebirombe by'abwo ebya zaabu n'enguudo awayitira amasanga. Obulumbaganyi buno bwagwa butaka Abapotigo bwe baalumbibwa endwadde nga bayita ku mugga Zambezi.<ref name="Mutapa">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1600 enkaayana ez'omunda n'olutalo lw'omunda byatandika okukendeera kwa Mutapa. Obwakabaka obwali bunafuye bwawangulwa Abapotigo era oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera bwatwalibwa amawanga ga Shona bwe baali bawalangana.<ref name="Mutapa2">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Abapotigo nabo baalina ettaka ddene, eryali limanyiddwa nga Prazos, era baakozesanga abaddu n'abaali abaddu ng'abakuumi n'abayizzi. Baatendekanga abasajja mu bukodyo bw'amagye era ne babawa emmundu. Abasajja bano baafuuka abayizzi b'enjovu abakugu era baali bamanyiddwa nga ba Chikunda. Oluvannyuma lw'okukendeera kw'Abapotigo, Chikunda baasobola okwesolossa munda mu Zambia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2019 |title=Chikunda |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227184451/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |archive-date=27 February 2021 |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Portugal okubeera mu kitundu ekyo kyali nsonga lwaki obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwatandikibwawo, eggwanga eryali lyetongodde ku Mutapa. Omukulembeze w'obwakabaka bwa Rozvi, Changamire Dombo, yafuuka omu ku bakulembeze abasingayo amaanyi mu byafaayo bya South-Central Africa. Wansi w'obukulembeze bwe, obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwawangula Abapotigo ne babaggya mu bifo mwe baali bakolera bizineesi ku mugga Zambezi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rozwi {{!}} historical state, Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125203243/https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |archive-date=25 January 2021 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Naye oboolyawo ekyokulabirako ekisinga okumanyibwa mu kino okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti kwe kweyongera kw’Abazulu wansi w’obukulembeze bwa Shaka. Okupikirizibwa okuva eri Abangereza abafuzi b’amatwale mu Cape ne okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti mu Bazulu kyavaako Mfecane (okunyigirizibwa). Abazulu beeyongera nga bayingiza abakazi n’abaana b’ebika bye baawangula, singa abasajja b’ebika bino ebya Nguni baawona okuttibwa, baakozesa obukodyo bw’amagye obw’Abazulu okulumba ebibinja ebirala.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Kino kyaviirako abantu bangi okusenguka, entalo n'obulumbaganyi mu Bukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati ne mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika nga ab'ekika kya Nguni oba Ngoni nga bakulembeddwamu Zwagendaba baasomoka omugga Zambezi nga batambulira mu Bukiikakkono. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni be baakuba ekibuga Maravi Empire ekyali kinafuye. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni abasinga obungi baasenga mu kitundu ekyali Zambia, [[Malawi]], [[Mozambique]] ne [[Tanzania]] era ne beegatta ku bika ebyali mu kitundu ekyo.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history2">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Zambia, ekibinja ekirala eky’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Afirika eky’Abasotho-Tswana abava mu Luba ne Lunda ezaagwa edda abayitibwa Abaluyana baawamba Kololo ne bamussaako olulimi Olukololo okutuusa Abaluyana lwe beekalakaasa ne baggyako Kololo mu kiseera kino olulimi Olukololo lwali lwerabiddwa era olulimi olupya olugattiddwa lwe lwavaamu, SiLozi era Abaluyana baatandika okweyita Abalozi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lozi {{!}} people |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528092724/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |archive-date=28 May 2023 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kya 18, Abamu ku Mbunda baasengukira mu Barotseland, Mongu oluvannyuma lw'okusenguka kw'abantu abalala, nga muno mwe muli, Ciyengele.<ref>'' The elites of Barotseland, 1878–1969: a political history of Zambia's Western Province'': a. Gerald L. Caplan, C. Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd, 1970, {{ISBN|0-900966-38-6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=maniacky |first=jacky |title=bantu zone K |url=http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140411045127/http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-date=2014-04-11 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.bantu-languages.com}}</ref> '''Ekiseera ky'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' '''Abazungu''' Omu ku Bulaaya abaasooka okuwandiikibwa nga baakyalako mu kitundu kino yali omuvumbuzi Omupotigo Francisco de Lacerda ku nkomerero y'ekyasa ekya 18. Lacerda yakulemberamu ekibinja ky'abavumbuzi okuva e Mozambique okutuuka mu kitundu ky'e Kazembe mu Zambia (nga balina ekiruubirirwa eky'okuvumbula n'okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa okuva ku lubalama lw'ennyanja okutuuka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja omulundi ogusooka),<ref>{{cite web |year=1798 |title=Instructions and Travel Diary that Governor Francisco Joze de Lacerda e Almeida Wrote about His Travel to the Center of Africa, Going to the River of Sena, in the Year of 1798 |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905135844/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |archive-date=5 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Library of Congress}}</ref> era n'afa mu kiseera ky'olugendo mu 1798. Olugendo luno okuva olwo lwakulemberwamu mukwano gwe Francisco Pinto.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hartnett |first=Craig |title=Portuguese Expedition to Northern Rhodesia, 1798–99 |url=http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924023553/http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Great North Road (GNR, Northern Rhodesia, Zambia) |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ekitundu kino, ekisangibwa wakati wa Mozambique ne [[Angola]], kyali kigambibwa nti kyali kya Bupotugo mu kiseera ekyo. Abalala abava mu Bulaaya baagoberera mu kyasa 19. Eyasinga okumanyika mu bano yali David Livingstone, eyalina okwolesebwa okw'okukomya okusuubula abaddu ng'ayita mu "3Cs": Obukristaayo, Ebyobusuubuzi, n'Obuwangwa. Ye Muzungu eyasooka okulaba ebisulo by'amazzi ebyewuunyisa ku Mugga Zambezi mu 1855, n'abyogerako bw'ati: "Ebifo ebirabika obulungi bityo biteekwa okuba nga byatunuulirwa bamalayika mu kudduka kwabwe".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Livingstone Discovers Victoria Falls, 1855 |url=http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522092057/http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |archive-date=22 May 2020 |access-date=28 May 2020 |website=EyeWitness to History}}</ref> Mu kitundu kino ebiyiriro bimanyiddwa nga "Mosi-o-Tunya" oba "omukka ogubwatuka" mu lulimi Lozi oba Kololo. Ekibuga Livingstone, okumpi n'ebiyiriro, kiyitibwa erinnya lye. Emboozi ezikwata ku ŋŋendo ze zaali zimanyiddwa nnyo ne kiviirako abagenyi bangi okuva mu Bulaaya, abaminsani, n'abasuubuzi oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwe mu 1873.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627015544/https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-date=27 June 2020 |website=The Provincial Administration Website}}</ref> '''Kampuni ya British South Africa Company''' Mu 1888, kampuni ya British South Africa Company (BSA Company), eyakulemberwa Cecil Rhodes, yafuna olukusa okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka okuva ku Litunga ow'abantu ba Lozi, omukulu w'essaza ly'abantu ba Lozi (Ba-rotse) mu kitundu ekyafuuka Barotziland-North-Western Rhodesia.<ref name="livingstone">{{cite web |author=Livingstone Tourism Association |title=Destination:Zambia&nbsp;– History and Culture |url=http://www.livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012153527/http://livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> Ebuvanjuba, mu Gwekkumineebiri 1897 ekibinja ky’Abangoni oba Abangoni (abaasibuka mu Zululand) beekalakaasa nga bakulemberwa Tsinco, mutabani wa Kabaka Mpezeni, naye obujeemu bwakomezebwawo,<ref name="unam">{{cite web |author1=Human Rights |author2=Documentation Centre |name-list-style=amp |title=Zambia: Historical Background |url=http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311093653/http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-date=11 March 2007 |access-date=14 January 2011}}</ref> era Mpezeni n’akkiriza Pax Britannica. Ekitundu ky’eggwanga ekyo kyatandika okumanyibwa nga Rhodesia ey'omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba. Mu 1895, Rhodes yasaba omusikawutu wa Omumerika Frederick Russell Burnham okunoonya eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka n’engeri y’okulongoosaamu entambula y’emigga mu kitundu ekyo, era mu lugendo luno mwe mwazuulibwa Frederick Russell Burnham eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka bingi ku mugga Kafue.<ref name="burnham1899">{{cite book |last=Burnham |first=Frederick Russell |author-link=Frederick Russell Burnham |year=1899 |title=Bulawayo Up-to-date; Being a General Sketch of Rhodesia |title-link=s:Northern Rhodesia |publisher=Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co. |editor-last=Wills |editor-first=Walter H. |pages=177–180 |chapter=Northern Rhodesia}}</ref> '''Obufuzi bw'amatwale ga Bungereza''' Mu 1953, okutondebwawo kwa Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland z'agatta wamu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono ne Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo, ne Nyasaland (kati Malawi) ng’ekitundu kimu ekyetongodde. Kino kyakolebwa wadde nga waaliwo okuwakanyizibwa okuva mu bantu abatono, abaakola okwekalakaasa okwaliwo mu 1960–61.<ref name="infoplease">{{cite web |author=Pearson Education |title=Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Federation of |url=http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012231959/http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> '''Obwetwaaze''' Omukago gwasaanyizibwawo nga 31 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, era mu Gwoluberyeberye 1964, Kaunda yawangula akalulu k'Obwaminisita bwa Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono. Gavana w'amatwale, Sir Evelyn Hone, yali mukwano nnyo gwa Kaunda era yamukubiriza okwesimbawo ku kifo ekyo. Mangu ddala oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, waaliwo okwekalakaasa mu Bukiikakkono bw'eggwanga eryo eryali limanyiddwa nga Lumpa Uprising nga lyali liduumirwa Alice Lenshina – Kaunda's first internal conflict as leader of the nation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2020 |title=Alice Lenshina |url=https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228081501/https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |archive-date=28 February 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=The British Empire}}</ref> Rhodesia yafuuka Republic of Zambia nga 24 Ogwekkumi 1964, nga Kenneth Kaunda ye pulezidenti eyasooka. Ku kufuna obwetwaze, wadde nga yalina ebyobugagga eby'omu ttaka ebingi, Zambia yasanga okusoomoozebwa okw'amaanyi. Munda mu ggwanga, waaliwo Abazambia abatendeke era abayivu abasukka mu 70,000 abaali basobola okuddukanya gavumenti, era ebyenfuna byali byesigamye nnyo ku bakugu okuva mu mawanga amalala. Obukugu buno bwaweebwa mu ngeri emu oba endala omubaka wa Bungereza mu Zambia John Willson.<ref>[http://www.chu.cam.ac.uk/archives/collections/BDOHP/Willson.pdf WILLSON, John Michael (born 15 July 1931)]{{Dead link|date=June 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}. BDOHP Biographical Details and Interview Index. chu.cam.ac.uk</ref> Waaliwo Abazungu abasukka mu 70,000 ababeera mu Zambia mu 1964, era baasigala nga ba mugaso nnyo mu byenfuna.<ref name="Zambia">{{Cite news|date=1964-10-25|title=1964: President Kaunda takes power in Zambia|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605125604/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-date=5 June 2013|access-date=2025-09-13|url-status=live|language=en-GB}}</ref> Kaunda okuwagira abayeekera ba Patriotic Front abaali bakola obulumbaganyi mu mawanga ag'omuliraano (Bukiikaddyo) Rhodesia kyaleetawo obunkenke mu by'obufuzi era ne kireetawo okukozesa amagye ku nsalo, era kino kyaviirako ensalo okuggalwa mu 1973.<ref name="blackfire">{{cite book |last=Raeburn |first=Michael |year=1978 |title=We are everywhere: Narratives from Rhodesian guerillas |url=https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-0-394-50530-5 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 1–209]}}</ref>Ebbibiro ly'amasannyalaze erya Kariba ku mugga Zambezi lyawa amasannyalaze agamala okukola ku byetaago by'eggwanga eby'amasannyalaze, wadde nga Rhodesia ye yali ekola ku by'amasannyalaze. Nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1978, ennyonyi ey'abantu ba bulijjo, Air Rhodesia Flight 825, yakubibwa amasasi okumpi ne Kariba abayeekera ba Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) abaakulemberwa Joshua Nkomo. Rhodesia yaddamu n'ekikwekweto kya Gatling, okulumba enkambi endala mu Zambia nga bakozesa amaanyi g'ennyonyi n'abajaasi abakugu mu kubuuka mu bbanga n'abajaasi abakugu mu kukozesa ennyonyi.<ref>{{cite web |title=GREEN LEADER. OPERATION GATLING, THE RHODESIAN MILITARY'S RESPONSE TO THE VISCOUNT TRAGEDY |url=http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125155440/http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-date=25 January 2017 |access-date=22 April 2017}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1970, Mozambique ne Angola zaali zifunye obwetwaze okuva ku Portugal. Gavumenti ya Rhodesia eyali esingamu abazungu, eyafulumya Ekirangiriro ky’Obwetwaze mu 1965, yakkiriza obufuzi obw’abantu abangi wansi w’Endagaano ya Lancaster House mu 1979.<ref name="zimstudy">{{cite book |last=Nelson |first=Harold |year=1983 |title=Zimbabwe: A Country Study |publisher=Claitors Publishing Division |isbn=978-0-16-001598-4 |pages=54–137}}</ref> Obukuubagano mu bitundu byombi ebyali bifugibwa Abapotigo n'olutalo lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwa [[Namibia]] byaviirako okuyingira kw'abanoonyi b'obubudamuera ne kyongera ku buzibu bw'ebyentambula. Oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Benguela, olwayita mu [[Angola]], lwaggalwawo ddala eri ebyentambula bya Zambia mu myaka gya 1970 egyali gisembayo. Zambia okuwagira ebibiina ebirwanyisa obusosoze mu mawanga nga African National Congress (ANC) era kyaleetawo obuzibu bw'ebyokwerinda ng'amagye ga South Africa Defence Force galumba ebifo ebitali bimu mu lutalo lw'okulwanyisa obwetwaze bwa Namibia.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Evans, M. |year=1984 |title=The Front-Line States, South Africa and Southern African Security: Military Prospects and Perspectives |url=http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/Journal%20of%20the%20University%20of%20Zimbabwe/vol12n1/juz012001002.pdf |journal=Zambezia |volume=12 |page=1}}</ref> '''Ebizibu by'ebyenfuna''' Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1970, omuwendo gwa kkopa, ekyamaguzi ekikulu ekiva mu Zambia, gwasereba nnyo mu nsi yonna. Mu mbeera ya Zambia, obungi bw'okutambuza kkopa eŋŋendo empanvu okutuuka mu katale kyali kizibu kinene. Zambia yasaba obuyambi okuva mu mawanga ag'ebweru n'ag'ensi yonna, naye, nga bbeeyi ya kkopa esigadde nga yasereba, kyeyongera okubeera ekizibu okusasula amabanja gaayo agaali geeyongera. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1990, wadde nga tewaaliwo kusonyiyibwa mabanja, ebbeyi ya kkopa eyali eva mu Zambia yali emu ku bintu ebyali bisinga okuba eby'ebbeeyi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia (12/08) |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625080205/https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |archive-date=25 June 2020 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> '''Okukola ku nsonga z'abantu''' Mu Gwomukaaga 1990, obwegugungo obwali buwakanya Kaunda bwatandika era abeekalakaasi bangi battibwa gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2020 |title=About Zambia |url=http://www.psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509233410/http://psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-date=9 May 2016 |access-date=20 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bartlett |first=David M. C. |date=2000 |title=Civil Society and Democracy: A Zambian Case Study |journal=Journal of Southern African Studies |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=429–446 |doi=10.1080/030570700750019655 |issn=0305-7070 |jstor=2637411 |s2cid=143480603}}</ref>Mu 1990, Kaunda yawona okulumbibwa amagye, era mu 1991, yakkiriza okuzzaawo enfuga ey'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, oluvannyuma lw'okussaawo enfuga ey'ekibiina ekimu wansi w'akakiiko ka Choma aka 1972. Oluvannyuma lw'okulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, Kaunda yaggyibwa mu woofiisi oluvannyuma lw'okuwangulwa mu kulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi Frederick Chiluba. Mu myaka gya 2000, ebyenfuna byanywerera, ne bituuka ku kweyongera kw'ebbeeyi y'ebintu mu 2006–2007, okweyongera kw'ebyenfuna, okukendeera kw'amagoba, n'okweyongera kw'omutindo gw'ebyobusuubuzi. Bingi ku kukulaakulana kuno kuvudde ku kusiga ensimbi okuva ebweru mu by'okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka n'okweyongera kw'emiwendo gy'ekikomo mu nsi yonna. Bino byonna byaleetera Zambia okusikirizibwa ennyo abagabi b'obuyambi era ne kireetera abasiga nsimbi okwongera okwesiga eggwanga lino. == Ebyobufuzi == Ebyobufuzi mu Zambia bitambulira mu nkola ey'omukulembeze w'eggwanga omukiise mu demokulasiya ow'eggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo, omukulembeze wa Zambia y'akulira eggwanga era akulira gavumenti mu ggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo. Gavumenti ekozesa obuyinza obw'okuteeka mu nkola, ate obuyinza obw'okukola amateeka buweebwa gavumenti ne paalamenti. Zambia yafuuka repubuliki oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu Gwekkumi 1964. Okuva mu 2011 okutuuka mu 2014, pulezidenti wa Zambia yali Michael Sata, okutuusa Sata lwe yafa nga 28 Ogwekkumi 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zambian President Michael Sata dies in London - BBC News|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705073526/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-date=2017-07-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=BBC News|language=en-GB}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Sata, omumyuka wa pulezidenti Guy Scott, Omuzambia ow'ensibuko y'Abasikawutu, yafuuka omukungu akola nga pulezidenti. Okulonda kwa pulezidenti kwaliwo nga 22 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015. Omugatte gw’abantu 11 abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti be beesimbawo mu kulonda era nga 24 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015, kyalangirirwa nti Edgar Chagwa Lungu yali awangudde okulonda okufuuka pulezidenti ow’omukaaga. Yawangula ebitundu 48.33% eby’obululu, ng’obululu 1.66% bwali bumusinga ku munnabyabufuzi akyasinze okuvuganya gavumenti, Hakainde Hichilema, eyafuna ebitundu 46.67%.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Defence Minister Lungu wins Zambia's disputed presidential race|url=http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305065726/http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-date=2016-03-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=Yahoo News|language=en-US}}</ref>Abantu abalala mwenda abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti baafuna obululu obutaweza na bitundu 1% ku bululu bwonna. Mu kulonda pkwaliwo mu Gwomunaana 2016 Zambian general election pulezidenti Edgar Lungu yawangula okulonda okw’omulundi ogw’okubiri. Omukago ogutaba ebibiina by’ebyobufuzi ogwa Patriotic Front (PF) gwagaana ebyali byogerwa ab’oludda oluvuganya gavumenti, UPND party.<ref name="bbc-15aug2016">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|title=Zambia's President Edgar Lungu declared election winner|work=BBC News|date=15 August 2016|access-date=17 May 2021|archive-date=26 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026223033/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021, okwalimu abalonzi 70% ku abo abaali basuubirwa, Hakainde Hichilema yawangula ebitundu 59% eby’obululu, ng’omuvuganya we eyali asingayo okuba ow’amaanyi, Edgar Chagwa Lungu, eyali pulezidenti mu kiseera ekyo, yafuna ebitundu 39% eby’obululu.<ref name="zm-elec-39">{{Cite news|url=https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm|title=Presidential Election Results|work=Electoral Commission of Zambia|date=16 August 2021|access-date=27 December 2021|archive-date=2 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102194510/https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm/}}</ref> Nga 16 Ogwomunaana Edgar Lungu yakkiriza mu kiwandiiko kye yafulumya ku ttivi, ng’aweereza ebbaluwa era ng’ayozayoza pulezidenti omulonde Hakainde Hichilema.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-08-16|title=Zambia election: Hakainde Hichilema beats President Edgar Lungu|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|access-date=2021-08-16|archive-date=24 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824152003/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|last=Kabwe|first=Zitto|author-link=Zitto Kabwe|user=zittokabwe|number=1426967254986629126|date=15 August 2021|title=#Zambia President @EdgarCLungu has conceded in a letter sent to now president elect @HHichilema of @UPNDZM. Once again Zambia has shown the world the level of its democratic maturity. Peaceful transfer of power is happening for third time in history. Congratulations Zambians|language=en|access-date=30 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827180204/https://twitter.com/zittokabwe/status/1426967254986629126|archive-date=27 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomunaana 2021, Hakainde Hichilema yalayizibwa nga pulezidenti wa Zambia omuggya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2021 |title=Zambia's Hakainde Hichilema sworn in as President in rare victory for an African opposition leader |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116213703/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |archive-date=16 November 2021 |access-date=16 November 2021}}</ref> '''Amaggye''' Mu 2019, Zambia yassa omukono ku ndagaano ya UN ekwata ku Kuziyiza eby'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa ebya Nukiriya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2017 |title=Chapter XXVI: Disarmament&nbsp;– No. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806220546/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |archive-date=6 August 2019 |access-date=18 October 2019 |publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection}}</ref> '''Amateeka n'eddembe ly'obuntu''' Gavumenti evunaanye abavumirira nga bakozesa ebigambo by'amateeka nti baali bawabya abantu. Amateeka agakwata ku kuwandiika ebintu ebikyamu gakozesebwa okukugira eddembe ly'okwogera ne bannamawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2015 |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225030706/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-date=2021-02-25 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=2009-2017.state.gov}}</ref> Ebikolwa eby'okweganza wakati w'abantu ab'ekikula ekimu kimenya mateeka eri abasajja n'abakazi mu Zambia.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 May 2016 |title=State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition |url=http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902183618/http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |archive-date=2 September 2017 |access-date=29 July 2017 |website=[[International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Daniel|last=Avery|title=71 Countries Where Homosexuality is Illegal|url=https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|work=Newsweek|date=4 April 2019|access-date=18 August 2019|archive-date=11 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211204842/https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|url-status=live}}</ref> Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu 2010 kwalaga nti ebitundu 2% ebya Bannansi ba Zambia bakitwala nti okulya ebisiyaga tekirina buzibu bwonna ku mpisa.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Meyer |first1=Birgit |date=2021 |title=What Is Religion in Africa? Relational Dynamics in an Entangled World |journal=Journal of Religion in Africa |publisher=Brill |volume=50 |issue=1–2 |pages=156–181 |doi=10.1163/15700666-12340184 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2019, kyategeezebwa nti Omubaka wa Amerika mu Zambia Daniel Lewis Foote "yakwatibwa ensisi" olw'engeri Zambia gy'ekuumamu abalyi b'ebisiyaga mu makomera. Oluvannyuma lw'okujulira ne kulema era nga n'abafumbo bano Japhet Chataba ne Steven Samba baasalirwa ekibonerezo kya kusibibwa emyaka 15 mu makomera, Foote yasaba gavumenti ya Zambia okuddamu okwekenneenya omusango guno n'amateeka ga Zambia agalwanyisa ebisiyaga. Foote yafuna obuzibu era n'asazaamu okujja mu bantu oluvannyuma lw'okutiisibwatiisibwa ku mikutu gya yintaneeti, era oluvannyuma lw'okulangirirwa Lungu nti y'omuntu ataagalwa mu ggwanga eryo.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 December 2019 |title=US recalls ambassador to Zambia after gay rights row |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231195603/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |archive-date=31 December 2019 |access-date=12 January 2020 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 2026, gavumenti ya Zambia yavumirirwa olw'okwongezaayo olukiiko olw'amaanyi olw'ensi yonna olw'eddembe ly'obuntu, RightsCon, ennaku musanvu zokka nga tezinnatuuka okubeerawo mu Lusaka. Olukiiko olwo oluvannyuma lwasazibwamu oluvannyuma lw'okumanya nti gavumenti ya Zambia yali esaba, kirabika nga kya kusaba kw'abakungu ba China, okulungamya n'okuggyako aboogezi okuva e Taiwan. Abakugu baayogedde ku kweraliikirira olw'okulondoola n'okweyongera kw'obulabe eri ebitongole by'obwanakyewa.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gault ·|first1=Matthew|title=World's Largest Digital Human Rights Conference Suddenly Canceled|url=https://www.404media.co/rightscon-human-rights-conference-suddenly-postponed/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=404 Media|date=29 April 2026|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Elliott|first1=Vittoria|title=The Chinese Government Just Got the World's Largest Digital Rights Conference Canceled|url=https://www.wired.com/story/the-chinese-government-pressured-zambia-to-cancel-the-worlds-largest-digital-rights-conference/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Wired|date=1 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hendrix|first1=Justin|title=RightsCon Canceled After Zambia Requires 'Full Alignment' With 'National Values'|url=https://www.techpolicy.press/rightscon-canceled-after-zambia-requires-full-alignment-with-national-values/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Tech Policy Press|date=30 April 2026|language=en}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo by'abantu''' Okusinziira ku kubala abantu okwa 2022 mu Zambia, omuwendo gw'abantu mu Zambia gwali 19,610,769.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia's Population up to 19,610,769 in 2022 from 13,092,666 in 2010 – Zambia Statistics Agency |url=https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305022051/https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |archive-date=5 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ebibinja by'abantu ebisinga obunene mu Zambia beebo abayitibwa Bemba obukadde 3.3 (33.6%), Nyanja obukadde 1.8 (18.2%), Tonga obukadde 1.7 (16.8%), Abantu ab’omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba 1,000,000 (10.3%), Abalozii (Barotse) 770,000 (7.8%), Abamabwe 580,000 (5.9%), Abatumbuka 500,000 (5.1%), Abalamba 165,000 (2%), Abayindi 11,900 n’Abazungu 6,200.<ref>{{cite journal |date=2 November 2023 |title=Zambia |url=https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909114747/https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |archive-date=9 September 2023 |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=minorityrights.org}}</ref> Zambia y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubeeramu abantu mu bibuga mu Afirika eri wansi wa Sahara, ng'ebitundu 44% eby'abantu babeera mu bitundu ebisinga okubeeramu entambula, so ng'ate ebyalo birimu abantu batono nnyo. Omuwendo gw'abaana abazaalibwa gwali 6.2 mu 2007 (6.1 mu 1996, 5.9 mu 2001–02).<ref>{{cite web |title=Welcome to the Official site of Zambian Statistics |url=http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113144454/http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-date=13 November 2014 |access-date=11 April 2014 |publisher=Zamstats.gov.zm}}</ref> '''Ebibuga ebisinga obunene''' Okutandika kw'okuyiikuula ekikomo mu makolero ku Copperbelt mu myaka gya 1920 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga. Wadde ng'okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga kwali kuteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, kyali kinene nnyo.[1] Ebibuga ebikolebwamu eby'obugagga ku Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali eteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, yali nnene nnyo.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Potts |first=Deborah |date=2005 |title=Counter-urbanisation on the Zambian Copperbelt? Interpretations and implications |journal=Urban Studies |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=583–609 |bibcode=2005UrbSt..42..583P |doi=10.1080/00420980500060137 |s2cid=154412136}}</ref> Ebibuga ebirimu ebirombe bya Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali y'etoloolera ku gaali z'omukka n'enguudo okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwe bironbe bya kkoppa okuyita mu Kapiri Mposhi, Lusaka, Choma ne Livingstone. '''Ebibinja by'abantu''' Zambia elimu ebika nga 73,<ref name="BritannicaPeople">{{Cite web |title=Zambia – People |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambia/People |access-date=1 October 2024 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref><ref name="epr">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> wadde mu nkola waliwo ebibinja ebitono ebirabika obulungi.[2] Abazambia abasinga boogera Olubantu.<ref name="epr2">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ebibinja ebisinga obunene mu lulimi bye Bemba, Nyanja (era ekiyitibwa Chewa), ne Tonga; ebibinja ebirala ebitali binene nnyo bye Kaonde, Lozi, Luanda, ne Luvale.[2]<ref name="epr" /> Mu 2010, omuwendo gw'abantu gwateeberezebwa okuba ebitundu 21% Bemba, ebitundu 13.6% Tonga, ebitundu 7.4% Chewa, ebitundu 5.7% Lozi, ebitundu 5.3% Nsenga, ebitundu 4.4% Tumbuka, ebitundu 4.0% Ngoni, ne 38.6% abalala.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Bemba kye kisinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkono, Luapula, ne Copperbelt; ekibinja kya Tonga mu bitundu by'Obukiikaddyo, n'eby'Obugwanjuba; n'ekibinja kya Lozi mu bitundu by'Obugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Tumbuka ekitono ennyo kisangibwa mu kiwonvu kya Luangwa mu Buvanjuba.[2] Tewali kibinja ky'abantu aboogera olulimi olumu abasinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ebitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba tebirimu bantu bangi nnyo.<ref name="epr3">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ng’oggyeko olulimi, obuwangwa bukulu mu Zambia.<ref name="epr3" />Obuwangwa buno batera okubukwataganya n’obwesigwa bw’amaka oba n’ab’obuyinza eb'ennono. Obuwangwa buno busengekeddwa mu bibinja by’ennimi ebikulu.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Posner |first=Daniel N. |date=2005-06-06 |title=Institutions and Ethnic Politics in Africa |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-83398-1 |language=en |doi=10.1017/CBO9780511808661 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083432/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |archive-date=2023-03-21}}</ref> Abagwiira, okusingira ddala Abangereza oba Aba South Afrika, wamu n'abamu ku bannansi ba Zambia abeeru Abazungu abava mu Bungereza, babeera nnyo mu Lusaka ne mu Copperbelt mu Bukiikakkono bwa Zambia, gye baba nga bakola mu birombe, mu by'ensimbi n'emirimu emirala egifaananako bwe gityo oba nga bawummudde. Waaliwo Abazungu 70,000 mu Zambia mu 1964, naye bangi okuva olwo bavudde mu ggwanga.<ref name="Zambia" /> Zambia erina abantu abatono naye nga balina omugaso mu byenfuna abava mu Asia, abasinga obungi ku bo Buhindi ne Bachina. Ekibinja kino eky’abantu abatono ky'ekikyasinze okufuga eby’enfuna nga kye kikola ku by’okutunda ebintu. Kiteeberezebwa nti Abachina nga 80,000 be baali babeera mu Zambia mu 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ZAMBIA: Zambians wary of |url=http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910230935/http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-date=2011-09-10 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=IRINnews}}</ref> Mu myaka egiyise, ebikumi n’ebikumi by’abalimi abazungu abaali bagobeddwa mu Zimbabwe baasengukira e Zambia oluvannyuma lw’okuyitibwa gavumenti ya Zambia, okutandika okulima mu matwae g'omu Bukiikaddyo.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zim's Loss, Zam's gain: White Zimbabweans making good in Zambia|date=June 2004|newspaper=The Economist|access-date=28 August 2009|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110215085211/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-date=15 February 2011}}</ref><ref name="Spiegel">{{Cite news|title=Settling in Zambia: Zimbabwe's Displaced Farmers Find a New Home|last=Thielke|first=Thilo|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|date=27 December 2004|access-date=28 August 2009|periodical=[[Der Spiegel]]|archive-date=19 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619050250/http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza okwalebwa ku banoonyi b'obubuddamu mu 2009 ekyakubibwa akakiikio ka America akavunanyizibwa ku banoonyi b'obubudamu n'abagwiira eka U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, Zambia yalina omuwendo gw’abanoonyi b’obubudamu n’abanoonya obubudamu nga bali 88,900. Abanoonyi b’obubudamu abasinga obungi mu ggwanga baava mu Democratic Republic of the Congo (ababundabunda 47,300 okuva mu DRC ng'ababeera mu Zambia mu 2007), Angola (27,100 Bannangola Zambia), Zimbabwe (5,400) ne Rwanda (4,900).<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009">{{cite news|title=World Refugee Survey 2009|publisher=U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants|url=http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211175633/http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-date=11 December 2013}}</ref> Bannansi ba Zambia okutwaliza awamu baaniriza abagwira. Okutandika mu Gwokutaano 2008, omuwendo gw'Abazimbabwe mu Zambia gwatandika okulinnya ennyo; okuyingira kwali kusinga kw'Abazimbabwe abaali babeera mu South Africa abaali badduka obutabanguko obwali mu ggwanga eryo.<ref name="IRIN">{{Cite news|title=Zambia: Rising levels of resentment towards Zimbabweans|date=9 June 2008|access-date=7 August 2023|periodical=[[The New Humanitarian|IRIN News]]|url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2008/06/09/rising-levels-resentment-towards-zimbabweans|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930005909/http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=78648|archive-date=2009-09-30}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Kumpi abanoonyi b'obubudamo 60,000 babeera mu nkambi mu Zambia, ate 50,000 babeera mu bantu ba bulijjo. Abanoonyi b'obubudamo abaagala okukola mu Zambia balina okusaba olukusa saako n'ebiwandiiko ebikukkiriza okukola nga bino biyinza okutwala ddoola 500 buli mwaka.<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009" /> '''Eddiini''' Zambia mu butongole "eggwanga ery'Ekiikuristaayo" wansi wa Ssemateeka w'eggwanga owa 1996, naye essa ekitiibwa mu kukuuma eddembe ly'eddiini n'okusinza.<ref>{{cite web |date=30 June 2008 |title=Constitution of Zambia, 1991(Amended to 1996) |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105055544/http://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |archive-date=5 November 2012 |access-date=18 December 2012 |publisher=Scribd.com}}</ref> Zambia lye ggwanga lyokka mu Afirika erirangirira Obukristaayo ng'eddiini y'eggwanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Haynes |first=N. |date=2021 |title=Taking Dominion in a Christian Nation: North American Political Theology in an African Context |journal=Pneuma |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=214–232 |doi=10.1163/15700747-bja10036 |hdl=20.500.11820/48b556a6-cf81-4058-bf5b-894934a35ca0 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ekitongole kya Zambia ekivunaanyizibwa ku kubala abantu ekya Zambia Statistics Agency mu 2022 kyabalirira nti 98.0% ku Bannazambia Bakristaayo, nga 74.5% Bapulotesitanti, 17.9% Bakatoliki ate 5.6% Bajulirwa ba Yakuwa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2025-07-24 |title=RELIGIOUS LANDSCAPE OF ZAMBIA: AN ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF THE 2022 CENSUS FINDINGS |url=https://www.amulufeblog.com/2025/07/religious-landscape-of-zambia.html |access-date=2026-02-12 |website=Amulufeblog |language=en}}</ref> Enzikiriza z'ekikulisitaayo mu Zambia mulimu Apolotesitante, Abavangelika saako n'Abapentecoote.<ref name=":1" /> Obukristaayo bwatuuka mu Zambia okuyita mu bufuzi bw'amatwale obw'Abazungu, era enjawulo yaakyo ey'ebibiina eby'enjawulo eraga enkyukakyuka mu nkola y'obuminsani; okugeza, Obukatoliki bwava mu Mozambique ey'Abaportugalezi mu Buvanjuba, so ng'Obulokole bwava mu Bungereza mu Bukiikaddyo. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu 1964, Zambia yalaba okweyongera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibiina by'obuminsani ebirala okuva mu bitundu by'ensi ebitali bimu, naddala Amerika ey'Obukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. Mu byasa ebyaddirira, emirimu gy'obuminsani egy'Abazungu egyaddira abakkiriza ab'omu kitundu (okuggyako ebifo ebimu eby'obuminsani, gamba ng'abasawo). Oluvannyuma lwa Frederick Chiluba, Omukulisitaayo Omukristaayo, okufuuka pulezidenti mu 1991, ebibiina by'obuminsani eby'Abazungu byeyongera nnyo okwetooloola Zambia okuva mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu 1964, Zambia yalaba okweyongera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibiina by'obuminsani eby'Abazungu okuva mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani.<ref name="pentecostal">{{cite book |last=Steel |first=Matthew |year=2005 |title=Pentecostalism in Zambia: Power, Authority and the Overcomers |publisher=University of Wales |id=MSc Dissertation}}</ref> Eddiini z'Ekikristaayo ezimu ezirina abagoberezi batono mu nsi yonna zimanyiddwa nnyo mu Zambia. Eggwanga lino lirina abantu abawerako ab'enzikiriza y'eki Adiventi nga mu bibala ku Bazambia 18 osangamu 1 omu Adiventi.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 October 2012 |title=Zambia Union Conference&nbsp;– Adventist Directory |url=http://www.adventistdirectory.org/ViewAdmField.aspx?AdmFieldID=ZAUM |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427045842/https://www.adventistdirectory.org/ViewAdmField.aspx?AdmFieldID=ZAUM |archive-date=27 April 2023 |access-date=18 December 2012 |publisher=Adventistdirectory.org}}</ref> Ekkanisa y'Abalokole eya Central Africa erimu abagoberezi abasukka mu 11,000 mu ggwanga.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lutheran Church of Central Africa: Zambia |url=http://www.celc.info/site/cpage.asp?sec_id=180010197&cpage_id=180031341 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131193035/http://www.celc.info/site/cpage.asp?sec_id=180010197&cpage_id=180031341 |archive-date=31 January 2017 |publisher=Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference}}</ref> Abantu abasukka mu bitundu 12 ku buli kikumi mu Zambia basabira mu Kkanisa ya New Apostostoc Church.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hayashida |first=Nelson Osamu |date=1999 |title=Dreams in the African Literature: The Significance of Dreams and Visions Among Zambian Baptists |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CkNC6-Wmga4C&q=One+in+11+Zambians+is+a+member+of+the+New+Apostolic+Church&pg=PA36 |publisher=Rodopi |isbn=978-90-420-0596-9 |language=en |access-date=3 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518182155/https://books.google.com/books?id=CkNC6-Wmga4C&q=One+in+11+Zambians+is+a+member+of+the+New+Apostolic+Church&pg=PA36#v=snippet&q=One%20in%2011%20Zambians%20is%20a%20member%20of%20the%20New%20Apostolic%20Church&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nga balina abagoberezi abasukka mu kakadde kamu mu emitwalo abiri, eggwanga lirimu ekibiina ky'Abaseveniside ekisinga obunene mu Afirika, okuva ku bantu abasukka mu bukadde mwenda mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Membership figures of the global Church as at the end of 2009: New Apostolic Church International (NAC) |url=http://www.nak.org/news/naci-news/article/16710/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626032545/http://www.nak.org/news/naci-news/article/16710/ |archive-date=26 June 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.nak.org}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] fsq9kivoja61jt3hg3xtg9m8juecdgd 59346 59345 2026-07-06T16:30:32Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ekiba 59346 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Amawanga ga Luba-Lunda oluvannyuma gaakendeera olw'okutunda abaddu mu Atlantic mu Bugwanjuba ne mu Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba ne mu ntalo n'ebibinja ebyali byawuddwa ku bwakabaka. Aba Chokwe, ekibinja ekirina oluganda olw'okumpi ne Luvale era ne kitondebwawo ng'eggwanga lya Lunda satellite, mu kusooka gaakosebwa olw'obwetaavu bwabaddu eri Abazungu, naye bwe baawukana ku bwakabaka, bo bennyini baafuuka batunzi ba baddu abamanyiddwa ennyo, nga batunda abaddu ku mbalama zombi. Abachokwe oluvannyuma baawangulwa amawanga amalala n'Abaportugali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azuonye |first=Chukwuma |date=15 December 1996 |title=Chokwe: (Angola, Zambia) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ejao3vG6nfsC&pg=PA11 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-1990-1 |language=en}}</ref> Obutali butebenkevu buno bwaviirako okugwa kw'obwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'abantu okusaasaanira mu bitundu bya Zambia eby'enjawulo okuva mu Democratic Republic of the Congo. Abazambia abasinga obungi balina obuzaale mu bwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'obwakabaka obulala obuli mu Masekkati ga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1200, ng’eggwanga lya Luba-Lunda terinnatandikibwawo, ekibinja ky’aba Bantu baatandika okusenguka okuva mu Congo Basin okudda ku Nnyanja Mweru ate oluvannyuma ne basenga okumpi n’ennyanja Malawi. Abasenze bano balowoozebwa okuba nga baali abamu ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky’e Upemba mu Democratic Republic of Congo. Mu myaka gya 1400, ebibinja by’abasenze bano awamu baayitibwanga Maravi, era nga mu bo mwalimu Abachewa abaatandika okukoppa ebibinja by’aba Bantu nga Tumbuka.<ref name="Team">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 1480 Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwatandikibwawo kalonga (omukulu w'obwakabaka bwa Maravi) okuva mu kika kya Phiri, kimu ku bika ebikulu, ng'ebirala mulimu Banda, Mwale ne Nkhoma. Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwali buva ku Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Enkulaakulana y'ebyobufuzi ey'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi yali efaanana ey'Obwakabaka bwa Luba era kigambibwa nti bwavaayo. Ekyamaguzi ekikulu eky'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi kyali amasanga, agaatundibwanga okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Ekyuma nakyo kyakolebwanga era ne kitundibwa mu nsi endala. Mu myaka gya 1590, Abapotigo baagezaako okweddiza eby'obusuubuzi n’okutunda Maravi mu nsi endala. Okugezaako kuno kwaleetawo obusungu mu Maravi ab’e Lundu, abaasumulula eggye lyabwe erya WaZimba. WaZimba baalumba ebibuga by’Abapotigo eby’obusuubuzi nga Tete, Sena n’ebibuga ebirala bingi.<ref name="thinkafrica.net">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Abamaravi nabo bateeberezebwa okuba nga baaleeta obulombolombo obwandifuuse ekibiina kya Nyau eky'ekyama okuva e Upemba. Aba Nyau be bakola ku nzikiriza oba eddiini y'obuwangwa ey'abantu b'omu Maravi. Ekibiina kya Nyau kirimu okuzina okw'obulombolombo n'obukookolo obukozesebwa mu kuzina; enzikiriza eno yasaasaana okwetooloola ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maptia |title=The Secret Cult of Nyau Dancers |url=https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108130415/https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-date=8 November 2020 |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=Maptia |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwakendeera olw'enkaayana ezikwata ku busika mu mukago, okulumbibwa Ngoni n'okulumba abaddu okuva mu Yao.<ref name="thinkafrica.net2">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa ne Mfecane''' Ng'Obwakabaka bwa Great Zimbabwe bwali bukendedde, omu ku balangira baabwo, Nyatsimba Mutota, yava mu ggwanga n'atandikawo obwakabaka obupya obuyitibwa Mutapa. Ekitiibwa kya Mwene Mutapa, ekitegeeza "Omulumbaganyi w'Ensi", kyamuweebwa era n'abafuzi abaddirira.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mwene Matapa {{!}} historical dynastic title, southern Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520141810/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |archive-date=20 May 2023 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwafuganga ekitundu ekiri wakati w’Omugga Zambezi n’Omugga Limpopo, mu kitundu ekiriwo kati ekiyitibwa Zambia, Zimbabwe ne Mozambique, okuva mu kyasa ekya 14 okutuusa mu kyasa ekya 17. Mu ntikko yaabwo, Mutapa yali awambye ekitundu kya Dande eky’Omugga Tonga ne Tavara. Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwasinganga kwetaba mu by’obusuubuzi okusomoka Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okutuuka mu mawanga ag’omu Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Okufaananako abantu abaaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu mu Maravi, Mutapa yalina obuzibu n’abasuubuzi Abapotigo abaali bazze. Obutategeeragana buno we bwatuukira ku ntikko, Abapotigo baali bagezezzaako okukyusa mu nsonga z’omunda mu bwakabaka nga batandikawo obutale mu bwakabaka era nga bakyusa abantu okubayingiza Obukristaayo. Ekikolwa kino kyaleetawo obusungu mu Basiraamu AbaSwahili abaali babeera mu kibuga ekikulu, akavuyo kano kaawa Abapotigo ensonga gye baali banoonya okulumba obwakabaka era bagezeeko okufuga ebirombe by'abwo ebya zaabu n'enguudo awayitira amasanga. Obulumbaganyi buno bwagwa butaka Abapotigo bwe baalumbibwa endwadde nga bayita ku mugga Zambezi.<ref name="Mutapa">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1600 enkaayana ez'omunda n'olutalo lw'omunda byatandika okukendeera kwa Mutapa. Obwakabaka obwali bunafuye bwawangulwa Abapotigo era oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera bwatwalibwa amawanga ga Shona bwe baali bawalangana.<ref name="Mutapa2">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Abapotigo nabo baalina ettaka ddene, eryali limanyiddwa nga Prazos, era baakozesanga abaddu n'abaali abaddu ng'abakuumi n'abayizzi. Baatendekanga abasajja mu bukodyo bw'amagye era ne babawa emmundu. Abasajja bano baafuuka abayizzi b'enjovu abakugu era baali bamanyiddwa nga ba Chikunda. Oluvannyuma lw'okukendeera kw'Abapotigo, Chikunda baasobola okwesolossa munda mu Zambia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2019 |title=Chikunda |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227184451/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |archive-date=27 February 2021 |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Portugal okubeera mu kitundu ekyo kyali nsonga lwaki obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwatandikibwawo, eggwanga eryali lyetongodde ku Mutapa. Omukulembeze w'obwakabaka bwa Rozvi, Changamire Dombo, yafuuka omu ku bakulembeze abasingayo amaanyi mu byafaayo bya South-Central Africa. Wansi w'obukulembeze bwe, obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwawangula Abapotigo ne babaggya mu bifo mwe baali bakolera bizineesi ku mugga Zambezi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rozwi {{!}} historical state, Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125203243/https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |archive-date=25 January 2021 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Naye oboolyawo ekyokulabirako ekisinga okumanyibwa mu kino okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti kwe kweyongera kw’Abazulu wansi w’obukulembeze bwa Shaka. Okupikirizibwa okuva eri Abangereza abafuzi b’amatwale mu Cape ne okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti mu Bazulu kyavaako Mfecane (okunyigirizibwa). Abazulu beeyongera nga bayingiza abakazi n’abaana b’ebika bye baawangula, singa abasajja b’ebika bino ebya Nguni baawona okuttibwa, baakozesa obukodyo bw’amagye obw’Abazulu okulumba ebibinja ebirala.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Kino kyaviirako abantu bangi okusenguka, entalo n'obulumbaganyi mu Bukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati ne mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika nga ab'ekika kya Nguni oba Ngoni nga bakulembeddwamu Zwagendaba baasomoka omugga Zambezi nga batambulira mu Bukiikakkono. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni be baakuba ekibuga Maravi Empire ekyali kinafuye. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni abasinga obungi baasenga mu kitundu ekyali Zambia, [[Malawi]], [[Mozambique]] ne [[Tanzania]] era ne beegatta ku bika ebyali mu kitundu ekyo.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history2">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Zambia, ekibinja ekirala eky’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Afirika eky’Abasotho-Tswana abava mu Luba ne Lunda ezaagwa edda abayitibwa Abaluyana baawamba Kololo ne bamussaako olulimi Olukololo okutuusa Abaluyana lwe beekalakaasa ne baggyako Kololo mu kiseera kino olulimi Olukololo lwali lwerabiddwa era olulimi olupya olugattiddwa lwe lwavaamu, SiLozi era Abaluyana baatandika okweyita Abalozi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lozi {{!}} people |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528092724/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |archive-date=28 May 2023 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kya 18, Abamu ku Mbunda baasengukira mu Barotseland, Mongu oluvannyuma lw'okusenguka kw'abantu abalala, nga muno mwe muli, Ciyengele.<ref>'' The elites of Barotseland, 1878–1969: a political history of Zambia's Western Province'': a. Gerald L. Caplan, C. Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd, 1970, {{ISBN|0-900966-38-6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=maniacky |first=jacky |title=bantu zone K |url=http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140411045127/http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-date=2014-04-11 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.bantu-languages.com}}</ref> '''Ekiseera ky'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' '''Abazungu''' Omu ku Bulaaya abaasooka okuwandiikibwa nga baakyalako mu kitundu kino yali omuvumbuzi Omupotigo Francisco de Lacerda ku nkomerero y'ekyasa ekya 18. Lacerda yakulemberamu ekibinja ky'abavumbuzi okuva e Mozambique okutuuka mu kitundu ky'e Kazembe mu Zambia (nga balina ekiruubirirwa eky'okuvumbula n'okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa okuva ku lubalama lw'ennyanja okutuuka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja omulundi ogusooka),<ref>{{cite web |year=1798 |title=Instructions and Travel Diary that Governor Francisco Joze de Lacerda e Almeida Wrote about His Travel to the Center of Africa, Going to the River of Sena, in the Year of 1798 |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905135844/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |archive-date=5 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Library of Congress}}</ref> era n'afa mu kiseera ky'olugendo mu 1798. Olugendo luno okuva olwo lwakulemberwamu mukwano gwe Francisco Pinto.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hartnett |first=Craig |title=Portuguese Expedition to Northern Rhodesia, 1798–99 |url=http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924023553/http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Great North Road (GNR, Northern Rhodesia, Zambia) |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ekitundu kino, ekisangibwa wakati wa Mozambique ne [[Angola]], kyali kigambibwa nti kyali kya Bupotugo mu kiseera ekyo. Abalala abava mu Bulaaya baagoberera mu kyasa 19. Eyasinga okumanyika mu bano yali David Livingstone, eyalina okwolesebwa okw'okukomya okusuubula abaddu ng'ayita mu "3Cs": Obukristaayo, Ebyobusuubuzi, n'Obuwangwa. Ye Muzungu eyasooka okulaba ebisulo by'amazzi ebyewuunyisa ku Mugga Zambezi mu 1855, n'abyogerako bw'ati: "Ebifo ebirabika obulungi bityo biteekwa okuba nga byatunuulirwa bamalayika mu kudduka kwabwe".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Livingstone Discovers Victoria Falls, 1855 |url=http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522092057/http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |archive-date=22 May 2020 |access-date=28 May 2020 |website=EyeWitness to History}}</ref> Mu kitundu kino ebiyiriro bimanyiddwa nga "Mosi-o-Tunya" oba "omukka ogubwatuka" mu lulimi Lozi oba Kololo. Ekibuga Livingstone, okumpi n'ebiyiriro, kiyitibwa erinnya lye. Emboozi ezikwata ku ŋŋendo ze zaali zimanyiddwa nnyo ne kiviirako abagenyi bangi okuva mu Bulaaya, abaminsani, n'abasuubuzi oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwe mu 1873.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627015544/https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-date=27 June 2020 |website=The Provincial Administration Website}}</ref> '''Kampuni ya British South Africa Company''' Mu 1888, kampuni ya British South Africa Company (BSA Company), eyakulemberwa Cecil Rhodes, yafuna olukusa okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka okuva ku Litunga ow'abantu ba Lozi, omukulu w'essaza ly'abantu ba Lozi (Ba-rotse) mu kitundu ekyafuuka Barotziland-North-Western Rhodesia.<ref name="livingstone">{{cite web |author=Livingstone Tourism Association |title=Destination:Zambia&nbsp;– History and Culture |url=http://www.livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012153527/http://livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> Ebuvanjuba, mu Gwekkumineebiri 1897 ekibinja ky’Abangoni oba Abangoni (abaasibuka mu Zululand) beekalakaasa nga bakulemberwa Tsinco, mutabani wa Kabaka Mpezeni, naye obujeemu bwakomezebwawo,<ref name="unam">{{cite web |author1=Human Rights |author2=Documentation Centre |name-list-style=amp |title=Zambia: Historical Background |url=http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311093653/http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-date=11 March 2007 |access-date=14 January 2011}}</ref> era Mpezeni n’akkiriza Pax Britannica. Ekitundu ky’eggwanga ekyo kyatandika okumanyibwa nga Rhodesia ey'omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba. Mu 1895, Rhodes yasaba omusikawutu wa Omumerika Frederick Russell Burnham okunoonya eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka n’engeri y’okulongoosaamu entambula y’emigga mu kitundu ekyo, era mu lugendo luno mwe mwazuulibwa Frederick Russell Burnham eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka bingi ku mugga Kafue.<ref name="burnham1899">{{cite book |last=Burnham |first=Frederick Russell |author-link=Frederick Russell Burnham |year=1899 |title=Bulawayo Up-to-date; Being a General Sketch of Rhodesia |title-link=s:Northern Rhodesia |publisher=Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co. |editor-last=Wills |editor-first=Walter H. |pages=177–180 |chapter=Northern Rhodesia}}</ref> '''Obufuzi bw'amatwale ga Bungereza''' Mu 1953, okutondebwawo kwa Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland z'agatta wamu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono ne Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo, ne Nyasaland (kati Malawi) ng’ekitundu kimu ekyetongodde. Kino kyakolebwa wadde nga waaliwo okuwakanyizibwa okuva mu bantu abatono, abaakola okwekalakaasa okwaliwo mu 1960–61.<ref name="infoplease">{{cite web |author=Pearson Education |title=Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Federation of |url=http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012231959/http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> '''Obwetwaaze''' Omukago gwasaanyizibwawo nga 31 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, era mu Gwoluberyeberye 1964, Kaunda yawangula akalulu k'Obwaminisita bwa Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono. Gavana w'amatwale, Sir Evelyn Hone, yali mukwano nnyo gwa Kaunda era yamukubiriza okwesimbawo ku kifo ekyo. Mangu ddala oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, waaliwo okwekalakaasa mu Bukiikakkono bw'eggwanga eryo eryali limanyiddwa nga Lumpa Uprising nga lyali liduumirwa Alice Lenshina – Kaunda's first internal conflict as leader of the nation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2020 |title=Alice Lenshina |url=https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228081501/https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |archive-date=28 February 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=The British Empire}}</ref> Rhodesia yafuuka Republic of Zambia nga 24 Ogwekkumi 1964, nga Kenneth Kaunda ye pulezidenti eyasooka. Ku kufuna obwetwaze, wadde nga yalina ebyobugagga eby'omu ttaka ebingi, Zambia yasanga okusoomoozebwa okw'amaanyi. Munda mu ggwanga, waaliwo Abazambia abatendeke era abayivu abasukka mu 70,000 abaali basobola okuddukanya gavumenti, era ebyenfuna byali byesigamye nnyo ku bakugu okuva mu mawanga amalala. Obukugu buno bwaweebwa mu ngeri emu oba endala omubaka wa Bungereza mu Zambia John Willson.<ref>[http://www.chu.cam.ac.uk/archives/collections/BDOHP/Willson.pdf WILLSON, John Michael (born 15 July 1931)]{{Dead link|date=June 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}. BDOHP Biographical Details and Interview Index. chu.cam.ac.uk</ref> Waaliwo Abazungu abasukka mu 70,000 ababeera mu Zambia mu 1964, era baasigala nga ba mugaso nnyo mu byenfuna.<ref name="Zambia">{{Cite news|date=1964-10-25|title=1964: President Kaunda takes power in Zambia|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605125604/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-date=5 June 2013|access-date=2025-09-13|url-status=live|language=en-GB}}</ref> Kaunda okuwagira abayeekera ba Patriotic Front abaali bakola obulumbaganyi mu mawanga ag'omuliraano (Bukiikaddyo) Rhodesia kyaleetawo obunkenke mu by'obufuzi era ne kireetawo okukozesa amagye ku nsalo, era kino kyaviirako ensalo okuggalwa mu 1973.<ref name="blackfire">{{cite book |last=Raeburn |first=Michael |year=1978 |title=We are everywhere: Narratives from Rhodesian guerillas |url=https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-0-394-50530-5 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 1–209]}}</ref>Ebbibiro ly'amasannyalaze erya Kariba ku mugga Zambezi lyawa amasannyalaze agamala okukola ku byetaago by'eggwanga eby'amasannyalaze, wadde nga Rhodesia ye yali ekola ku by'amasannyalaze. Nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1978, ennyonyi ey'abantu ba bulijjo, Air Rhodesia Flight 825, yakubibwa amasasi okumpi ne Kariba abayeekera ba Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) abaakulemberwa Joshua Nkomo. Rhodesia yaddamu n'ekikwekweto kya Gatling, okulumba enkambi endala mu Zambia nga bakozesa amaanyi g'ennyonyi n'abajaasi abakugu mu kubuuka mu bbanga n'abajaasi abakugu mu kukozesa ennyonyi.<ref>{{cite web |title=GREEN LEADER. OPERATION GATLING, THE RHODESIAN MILITARY'S RESPONSE TO THE VISCOUNT TRAGEDY |url=http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125155440/http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-date=25 January 2017 |access-date=22 April 2017}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1970, Mozambique ne Angola zaali zifunye obwetwaze okuva ku Portugal. Gavumenti ya Rhodesia eyali esingamu abazungu, eyafulumya Ekirangiriro ky’Obwetwaze mu 1965, yakkiriza obufuzi obw’abantu abangi wansi w’Endagaano ya Lancaster House mu 1979.<ref name="zimstudy">{{cite book |last=Nelson |first=Harold |year=1983 |title=Zimbabwe: A Country Study |publisher=Claitors Publishing Division |isbn=978-0-16-001598-4 |pages=54–137}}</ref> Obukuubagano mu bitundu byombi ebyali bifugibwa Abapotigo n'olutalo lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwa [[Namibia]] byaviirako okuyingira kw'abanoonyi b'obubudamuera ne kyongera ku buzibu bw'ebyentambula. Oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Benguela, olwayita mu [[Angola]], lwaggalwawo ddala eri ebyentambula bya Zambia mu myaka gya 1970 egyali gisembayo. Zambia okuwagira ebibiina ebirwanyisa obusosoze mu mawanga nga African National Congress (ANC) era kyaleetawo obuzibu bw'ebyokwerinda ng'amagye ga South Africa Defence Force galumba ebifo ebitali bimu mu lutalo lw'okulwanyisa obwetwaze bwa Namibia.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Evans, M. |year=1984 |title=The Front-Line States, South Africa and Southern African Security: Military Prospects and Perspectives |url=http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/Journal%20of%20the%20University%20of%20Zimbabwe/vol12n1/juz012001002.pdf |journal=Zambezia |volume=12 |page=1}}</ref> '''Ebizibu by'ebyenfuna''' Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1970, omuwendo gwa kkopa, ekyamaguzi ekikulu ekiva mu Zambia, gwasereba nnyo mu nsi yonna. Mu mbeera ya Zambia, obungi bw'okutambuza kkopa eŋŋendo empanvu okutuuka mu katale kyali kizibu kinene. Zambia yasaba obuyambi okuva mu mawanga ag'ebweru n'ag'ensi yonna, naye, nga bbeeyi ya kkopa esigadde nga yasereba, kyeyongera okubeera ekizibu okusasula amabanja gaayo agaali geeyongera. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1990, wadde nga tewaaliwo kusonyiyibwa mabanja, ebbeyi ya kkopa eyali eva mu Zambia yali emu ku bintu ebyali bisinga okuba eby'ebbeeyi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia (12/08) |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625080205/https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |archive-date=25 June 2020 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> '''Okukola ku nsonga z'abantu''' Mu Gwomukaaga 1990, obwegugungo obwali buwakanya Kaunda bwatandika era abeekalakaasi bangi battibwa gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2020 |title=About Zambia |url=http://www.psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509233410/http://psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-date=9 May 2016 |access-date=20 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bartlett |first=David M. C. |date=2000 |title=Civil Society and Democracy: A Zambian Case Study |journal=Journal of Southern African Studies |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=429–446 |doi=10.1080/030570700750019655 |issn=0305-7070 |jstor=2637411 |s2cid=143480603}}</ref>Mu 1990, Kaunda yawona okulumbibwa amagye, era mu 1991, yakkiriza okuzzaawo enfuga ey'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, oluvannyuma lw'okussaawo enfuga ey'ekibiina ekimu wansi w'akakiiko ka Choma aka 1972. Oluvannyuma lw'okulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, Kaunda yaggyibwa mu woofiisi oluvannyuma lw'okuwangulwa mu kulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi Frederick Chiluba. Mu myaka gya 2000, ebyenfuna byanywerera, ne bituuka ku kweyongera kw'ebbeeyi y'ebintu mu 2006–2007, okweyongera kw'ebyenfuna, okukendeera kw'amagoba, n'okweyongera kw'omutindo gw'ebyobusuubuzi. Bingi ku kukulaakulana kuno kuvudde ku kusiga ensimbi okuva ebweru mu by'okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka n'okweyongera kw'emiwendo gy'ekikomo mu nsi yonna. Bino byonna byaleetera Zambia okusikirizibwa ennyo abagabi b'obuyambi era ne kireetera abasiga nsimbi okwongera okwesiga eggwanga lino. == Ebyobufuzi == Ebyobufuzi mu Zambia bitambulira mu nkola ey'omukulembeze w'eggwanga omukiise mu demokulasiya ow'eggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo, omukulembeze wa Zambia y'akulira eggwanga era akulira gavumenti mu ggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo. Gavumenti ekozesa obuyinza obw'okuteeka mu nkola, ate obuyinza obw'okukola amateeka buweebwa gavumenti ne paalamenti. Zambia yafuuka repubuliki oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu Gwekkumi 1964. Okuva mu 2011 okutuuka mu 2014, pulezidenti wa Zambia yali Michael Sata, okutuusa Sata lwe yafa nga 28 Ogwekkumi 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zambian President Michael Sata dies in London - BBC News|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705073526/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-date=2017-07-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=BBC News|language=en-GB}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Sata, omumyuka wa pulezidenti Guy Scott, Omuzambia ow'ensibuko y'Abasikawutu, yafuuka omukungu akola nga pulezidenti. Okulonda kwa pulezidenti kwaliwo nga 22 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015. Omugatte gw’abantu 11 abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti be beesimbawo mu kulonda era nga 24 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015, kyalangirirwa nti Edgar Chagwa Lungu yali awangudde okulonda okufuuka pulezidenti ow’omukaaga. Yawangula ebitundu 48.33% eby’obululu, ng’obululu 1.66% bwali bumusinga ku munnabyabufuzi akyasinze okuvuganya gavumenti, Hakainde Hichilema, eyafuna ebitundu 46.67%.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Defence Minister Lungu wins Zambia's disputed presidential race|url=http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305065726/http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-date=2016-03-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=Yahoo News|language=en-US}}</ref>Abantu abalala mwenda abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti baafuna obululu obutaweza na bitundu 1% ku bululu bwonna. Mu kulonda pkwaliwo mu Gwomunaana 2016 Zambian general election pulezidenti Edgar Lungu yawangula okulonda okw’omulundi ogw’okubiri. Omukago ogutaba ebibiina by’ebyobufuzi ogwa Patriotic Front (PF) gwagaana ebyali byogerwa ab’oludda oluvuganya gavumenti, UPND party.<ref name="bbc-15aug2016">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|title=Zambia's President Edgar Lungu declared election winner|work=BBC News|date=15 August 2016|access-date=17 May 2021|archive-date=26 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026223033/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021, okwalimu abalonzi 70% ku abo abaali basuubirwa, Hakainde Hichilema yawangula ebitundu 59% eby’obululu, ng’omuvuganya we eyali asingayo okuba ow’amaanyi, Edgar Chagwa Lungu, eyali pulezidenti mu kiseera ekyo, yafuna ebitundu 39% eby’obululu.<ref name="zm-elec-39">{{Cite news|url=https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm|title=Presidential Election Results|work=Electoral Commission of Zambia|date=16 August 2021|access-date=27 December 2021|archive-date=2 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102194510/https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm/}}</ref> Nga 16 Ogwomunaana Edgar Lungu yakkiriza mu kiwandiiko kye yafulumya ku ttivi, ng’aweereza ebbaluwa era ng’ayozayoza pulezidenti omulonde Hakainde Hichilema.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-08-16|title=Zambia election: Hakainde Hichilema beats President Edgar Lungu|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|access-date=2021-08-16|archive-date=24 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824152003/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|last=Kabwe|first=Zitto|author-link=Zitto Kabwe|user=zittokabwe|number=1426967254986629126|date=15 August 2021|title=#Zambia President @EdgarCLungu has conceded in a letter sent to now president elect @HHichilema of @UPNDZM. Once again Zambia has shown the world the level of its democratic maturity. Peaceful transfer of power is happening for third time in history. Congratulations Zambians|language=en|access-date=30 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827180204/https://twitter.com/zittokabwe/status/1426967254986629126|archive-date=27 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomunaana 2021, Hakainde Hichilema yalayizibwa nga pulezidenti wa Zambia omuggya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2021 |title=Zambia's Hakainde Hichilema sworn in as President in rare victory for an African opposition leader |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116213703/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |archive-date=16 November 2021 |access-date=16 November 2021}}</ref> '''Amaggye''' Mu 2019, Zambia yassa omukono ku ndagaano ya UN ekwata ku Kuziyiza eby'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa ebya Nukiriya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2017 |title=Chapter XXVI: Disarmament&nbsp;– No. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806220546/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |archive-date=6 August 2019 |access-date=18 October 2019 |publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection}}</ref> '''Amateeka n'eddembe ly'obuntu''' Gavumenti evunaanye abavumirira nga bakozesa ebigambo by'amateeka nti baali bawabya abantu. Amateeka agakwata ku kuwandiika ebintu ebikyamu gakozesebwa okukugira eddembe ly'okwogera ne bannamawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2015 |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225030706/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-date=2021-02-25 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=2009-2017.state.gov}}</ref> Ebikolwa eby'okweganza wakati w'abantu ab'ekikula ekimu kimenya mateeka eri abasajja n'abakazi mu Zambia.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 May 2016 |title=State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition |url=http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902183618/http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |archive-date=2 September 2017 |access-date=29 July 2017 |website=[[International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Daniel|last=Avery|title=71 Countries Where Homosexuality is Illegal|url=https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|work=Newsweek|date=4 April 2019|access-date=18 August 2019|archive-date=11 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211204842/https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|url-status=live}}</ref> Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu 2010 kwalaga nti ebitundu 2% ebya Bannansi ba Zambia bakitwala nti okulya ebisiyaga tekirina buzibu bwonna ku mpisa.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Meyer |first1=Birgit |date=2021 |title=What Is Religion in Africa? Relational Dynamics in an Entangled World |journal=Journal of Religion in Africa |publisher=Brill |volume=50 |issue=1–2 |pages=156–181 |doi=10.1163/15700666-12340184 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2019, kyategeezebwa nti Omubaka wa Amerika mu Zambia Daniel Lewis Foote "yakwatibwa ensisi" olw'engeri Zambia gy'ekuumamu abalyi b'ebisiyaga mu makomera. Oluvannyuma lw'okujulira ne kulema era nga n'abafumbo bano Japhet Chataba ne Steven Samba baasalirwa ekibonerezo kya kusibibwa emyaka 15 mu makomera, Foote yasaba gavumenti ya Zambia okuddamu okwekenneenya omusango guno n'amateeka ga Zambia agalwanyisa ebisiyaga. Foote yafuna obuzibu era n'asazaamu okujja mu bantu oluvannyuma lw'okutiisibwatiisibwa ku mikutu gya yintaneeti, era oluvannyuma lw'okulangirirwa Lungu nti y'omuntu ataagalwa mu ggwanga eryo.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 December 2019 |title=US recalls ambassador to Zambia after gay rights row |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231195603/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |archive-date=31 December 2019 |access-date=12 January 2020 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 2026, gavumenti ya Zambia yavumirirwa olw'okwongezaayo olukiiko olw'amaanyi olw'ensi yonna olw'eddembe ly'obuntu, RightsCon, ennaku musanvu zokka nga tezinnatuuka okubeerawo mu Lusaka. Olukiiko olwo oluvannyuma lwasazibwamu oluvannyuma lw'okumanya nti gavumenti ya Zambia yali esaba, kirabika nga kya kusaba kw'abakungu ba China, okulungamya n'okuggyako aboogezi okuva e Taiwan. Abakugu baayogedde ku kweraliikirira olw'okulondoola n'okweyongera kw'obulabe eri ebitongole by'obwanakyewa.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gault ·|first1=Matthew|title=World's Largest Digital Human Rights Conference Suddenly Canceled|url=https://www.404media.co/rightscon-human-rights-conference-suddenly-postponed/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=404 Media|date=29 April 2026|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Elliott|first1=Vittoria|title=The Chinese Government Just Got the World's Largest Digital Rights Conference Canceled|url=https://www.wired.com/story/the-chinese-government-pressured-zambia-to-cancel-the-worlds-largest-digital-rights-conference/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Wired|date=1 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hendrix|first1=Justin|title=RightsCon Canceled After Zambia Requires 'Full Alignment' With 'National Values'|url=https://www.techpolicy.press/rightscon-canceled-after-zambia-requires-full-alignment-with-national-values/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Tech Policy Press|date=30 April 2026|language=en}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo by'abantu''' Okusinziira ku kubala abantu okwa 2022 mu Zambia, omuwendo gw'abantu mu Zambia gwali 19,610,769.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia's Population up to 19,610,769 in 2022 from 13,092,666 in 2010 – Zambia Statistics Agency |url=https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305022051/https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |archive-date=5 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ebibinja by'abantu ebisinga obunene mu Zambia beebo abayitibwa Bemba obukadde 3.3 (33.6%), Nyanja obukadde 1.8 (18.2%), Tonga obukadde 1.7 (16.8%), Abantu ab’omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba 1,000,000 (10.3%), Abalozii (Barotse) 770,000 (7.8%), Abamabwe 580,000 (5.9%), Abatumbuka 500,000 (5.1%), Abalamba 165,000 (2%), Abayindi 11,900 n’Abazungu 6,200.<ref>{{cite journal |date=2 November 2023 |title=Zambia |url=https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909114747/https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |archive-date=9 September 2023 |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=minorityrights.org}}</ref> Zambia y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubeeramu abantu mu bibuga mu Afirika eri wansi wa Sahara, ng'ebitundu 44% eby'abantu babeera mu bitundu ebisinga okubeeramu entambula, so ng'ate ebyalo birimu abantu batono nnyo. Omuwendo gw'abaana abazaalibwa gwali 6.2 mu 2007 (6.1 mu 1996, 5.9 mu 2001–02).<ref>{{cite web |title=Welcome to the Official site of Zambian Statistics |url=http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113144454/http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-date=13 November 2014 |access-date=11 April 2014 |publisher=Zamstats.gov.zm}}</ref> '''Ebibuga ebisinga obunene''' Okutandika kw'okuyiikuula ekikomo mu makolero ku Copperbelt mu myaka gya 1920 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga. Wadde ng'okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga kwali kuteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, kyali kinene nnyo.[1] Ebibuga ebikolebwamu eby'obugagga ku Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali eteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, yali nnene nnyo.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Potts |first=Deborah |date=2005 |title=Counter-urbanisation on the Zambian Copperbelt? Interpretations and implications |journal=Urban Studies |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=583–609 |bibcode=2005UrbSt..42..583P |doi=10.1080/00420980500060137 |s2cid=154412136}}</ref> Ebibuga ebirimu ebirombe bya Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali y'etoloolera ku gaali z'omukka n'enguudo okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwe bironbe bya kkoppa okuyita mu Kapiri Mposhi, Lusaka, Choma ne Livingstone. '''Ebibinja by'abantu''' Zambia elimu ebika nga 73,<ref name="BritannicaPeople">{{Cite web |title=Zambia – People |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambia/People |access-date=1 October 2024 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref><ref name="epr">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> wadde mu nkola waliwo ebibinja ebitono ebirabika obulungi.[2] Abazambia abasinga boogera Olubantu.<ref name="epr2">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ebibinja ebisinga obunene mu lulimi bye Bemba, Nyanja (era ekiyitibwa Chewa), ne Tonga; ebibinja ebirala ebitali binene nnyo bye Kaonde, Lozi, Luanda, ne Luvale.[2]<ref name="epr" /> Mu 2010, omuwendo gw'abantu gwateeberezebwa okuba ebitundu 21% Bemba, ebitundu 13.6% Tonga, ebitundu 7.4% Chewa, ebitundu 5.7% Lozi, ebitundu 5.3% Nsenga, ebitundu 4.4% Tumbuka, ebitundu 4.0% Ngoni, ne 38.6% abalala.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Bemba kye kisinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkono, Luapula, ne Copperbelt; ekibinja kya Tonga mu bitundu by'Obukiikaddyo, n'eby'Obugwanjuba; n'ekibinja kya Lozi mu bitundu by'Obugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Tumbuka ekitono ennyo kisangibwa mu kiwonvu kya Luangwa mu Buvanjuba.[2] Tewali kibinja ky'abantu aboogera olulimi olumu abasinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ebitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba tebirimu bantu bangi nnyo.<ref name="epr3">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ng’oggyeko olulimi, obuwangwa bukulu mu Zambia.<ref name="epr3" />Obuwangwa buno batera okubukwataganya n’obwesigwa bw’amaka oba n’ab’obuyinza eb'ennono. Obuwangwa buno busengekeddwa mu bibinja by’ennimi ebikulu.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Posner |first=Daniel N. |date=2005-06-06 |title=Institutions and Ethnic Politics in Africa |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-83398-1 |language=en |doi=10.1017/CBO9780511808661 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083432/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |archive-date=2023-03-21}}</ref> Abagwiira, okusingira ddala Abangereza oba Aba South Afrika, wamu n'abamu ku bannansi ba Zambia abeeru Abazungu abava mu Bungereza, babeera nnyo mu Lusaka ne mu Copperbelt mu Bukiikakkono bwa Zambia, gye baba nga bakola mu birombe, mu by'ensimbi n'emirimu emirala egifaananako bwe gityo oba nga bawummudde. Waaliwo Abazungu 70,000 mu Zambia mu 1964, naye bangi okuva olwo bavudde mu ggwanga.<ref name="Zambia" /> Zambia erina abantu abatono naye nga balina omugaso mu byenfuna abava mu Asia, abasinga obungi ku bo Buhindi ne Bachina. Ekibinja kino eky’abantu abatono ky'ekikyasinze okufuga eby’enfuna nga kye kikola ku by’okutunda ebintu. Kiteeberezebwa nti Abachina nga 80,000 be baali babeera mu Zambia mu 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ZAMBIA: Zambians wary of |url=http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910230935/http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-date=2011-09-10 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=IRINnews}}</ref> Mu myaka egiyise, ebikumi n’ebikumi by’abalimi abazungu abaali bagobeddwa mu Zimbabwe baasengukira e Zambia oluvannyuma lw’okuyitibwa gavumenti ya Zambia, okutandika okulima mu matwae g'omu Bukiikaddyo.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zim's Loss, Zam's gain: White Zimbabweans making good in Zambia|date=June 2004|newspaper=The Economist|access-date=28 August 2009|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110215085211/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-date=15 February 2011}}</ref><ref name="Spiegel">{{Cite news|title=Settling in Zambia: Zimbabwe's Displaced Farmers Find a New Home|last=Thielke|first=Thilo|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|date=27 December 2004|access-date=28 August 2009|periodical=[[Der Spiegel]]|archive-date=19 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619050250/http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza okwalebwa ku banoonyi b'obubuddamu mu 2009 ekyakubibwa akakiikio ka America akavunanyizibwa ku banoonyi b'obubudamu n'abagwiira eka U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, Zambia yalina omuwendo gw’abanoonyi b’obubudamu n’abanoonya obubudamu nga bali 88,900. Abanoonyi b’obubudamu abasinga obungi mu ggwanga baava mu Democratic Republic of the Congo (ababundabunda 47,300 okuva mu DRC ng'ababeera mu Zambia mu 2007), Angola (27,100 Bannangola Zambia), Zimbabwe (5,400) ne Rwanda (4,900).<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009">{{cite news|title=World Refugee Survey 2009|publisher=U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants|url=http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211175633/http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-date=11 December 2013}}</ref> Bannansi ba Zambia okutwaliza awamu baaniriza abagwira. Okutandika mu Gwokutaano 2008, omuwendo gw'Abazimbabwe mu Zambia gwatandika okulinnya ennyo; okuyingira kwali kusinga kw'Abazimbabwe abaali babeera mu South Africa abaali badduka obutabanguko obwali mu ggwanga eryo.<ref name="IRIN">{{Cite news|title=Zambia: Rising levels of resentment towards Zimbabweans|date=9 June 2008|access-date=7 August 2023|periodical=[[The New Humanitarian|IRIN News]]|url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2008/06/09/rising-levels-resentment-towards-zimbabweans|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930005909/http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=78648|archive-date=2009-09-30}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Kumpi abanoonyi b'obubudamo 60,000 babeera mu nkambi mu Zambia, ate 50,000 babeera mu bantu ba bulijjo. Abanoonyi b'obubudamo abaagala okukola mu Zambia balina okusaba olukusa saako n'ebiwandiiko ebikukkiriza okukola nga bino biyinza okutwala ddoola 500 buli mwaka.<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009" /> '''Eddiini''' Zambia mu butongole "eggwanga ery'Ekiikuristaayo" wansi wa Ssemateeka w'eggwanga owa 1996, naye essa ekitiibwa mu kukuuma eddembe ly'eddiini n'okusinza.<ref>{{cite web |date=30 June 2008 |title=Constitution of Zambia, 1991(Amended to 1996) |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105055544/http://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |archive-date=5 November 2012 |access-date=18 December 2012 |publisher=Scribd.com}}</ref> Zambia lye ggwanga lyokka mu Afirika erirangirira Obukristaayo ng'eddiini y'eggwanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Haynes |first=N. |date=2021 |title=Taking Dominion in a Christian Nation: North American Political Theology in an African Context |journal=Pneuma |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=214–232 |doi=10.1163/15700747-bja10036 |hdl=20.500.11820/48b556a6-cf81-4058-bf5b-894934a35ca0 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ekitongole kya Zambia ekivunaanyizibwa ku kubala abantu ekya Zambia Statistics Agency mu 2022 kyabalirira nti 98.0% ku Bannazambia Bakristaayo, nga 74.5% Bapulotesitanti, 17.9% Bakatoliki ate 5.6% Bajulirwa ba Yakuwa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2025-07-24 |title=RELIGIOUS LANDSCAPE OF ZAMBIA: AN ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF THE 2022 CENSUS FINDINGS |url=https://www.amulufeblog.com/2025/07/religious-landscape-of-zambia.html |access-date=2026-02-12 |website=Amulufeblog |language=en}}</ref> Enzikiriza z'ekikulisitaayo mu Zambia mulimu Apolotesitante, Abavangelika saako n'Abapentecoote.<ref name=":1" /> Obukristaayo bwatuuka mu Zambia okuyita mu bufuzi bw'amatwale obw'Abazungu, era enjawulo yaakyo ey'ebibiina eby'enjawulo eraga enkyukakyuka mu nkola y'obuminsani; okugeza, Obukatoliki bwava mu Mozambique ey'Abaportugalezi mu Buvanjuba, so ng'Obulokole bwava mu Bungereza mu Bukiikaddyo. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu 1964, Zambia yalaba okweyongera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibiina by'obuminsani ebirala okuva mu bitundu by'ensi ebitali bimu, naddala Amerika ey'Obukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. Mu byasa ebyaddirira, emirimu gy'obuminsani egy'Abazungu egyaddira abakkiriza ab'omu kitundu (okuggyako ebifo ebimu eby'obuminsani, gamba ng'abasawo). Oluvannyuma lwa Frederick Chiluba, Omukulisitaayo Omukristaayo, okufuuka pulezidenti mu 1991, ebibiina by'obuminsani eby'Abazungu byeyongera nnyo okwetooloola Zambia okuva mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu 1964, Zambia yalaba okweyongera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibiina by'obuminsani eby'Abazungu okuva mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani.<ref name="pentecostal">{{cite book |last=Steel |first=Matthew |year=2005 |title=Pentecostalism in Zambia: Power, Authority and the Overcomers |publisher=University of Wales |id=MSc Dissertation}}</ref> Eddiini z'Ekikristaayo ezimu ezirina abagoberezi batono mu nsi yonna zimanyiddwa nnyo mu Zambia. Eggwanga lino lirina abantu abawerako ab'enzikiriza y'eki Adiventi nga mu bibala ku Bazambia 18 osangamu 1 omu Adiventi.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 October 2012 |title=Zambia Union Conference&nbsp;– Adventist Directory |url=http://www.adventistdirectory.org/ViewAdmField.aspx?AdmFieldID=ZAUM |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427045842/https://www.adventistdirectory.org/ViewAdmField.aspx?AdmFieldID=ZAUM |archive-date=27 April 2023 |access-date=18 December 2012 |publisher=Adventistdirectory.org}}</ref> Ekkanisa y'Abalokole eya Central Africa erimu abagoberezi abasukka mu 11,000 mu ggwanga.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lutheran Church of Central Africa: Zambia |url=http://www.celc.info/site/cpage.asp?sec_id=180010197&cpage_id=180031341 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131193035/http://www.celc.info/site/cpage.asp?sec_id=180010197&cpage_id=180031341 |archive-date=31 January 2017 |publisher=Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference}}</ref> Abantu abasukka mu bitundu 12 ku buli kikumi mu Zambia basabira mu Kkanisa ya New Apostostoc Church.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hayashida |first=Nelson Osamu |date=1999 |title=Dreams in the African Literature: The Significance of Dreams and Visions Among Zambian Baptists |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CkNC6-Wmga4C&q=One+in+11+Zambians+is+a+member+of+the+New+Apostolic+Church&pg=PA36 |publisher=Rodopi |isbn=978-90-420-0596-9 |language=en |access-date=3 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518182155/https://books.google.com/books?id=CkNC6-Wmga4C&q=One+in+11+Zambians+is+a+member+of+the+New+Apostolic+Church&pg=PA36#v=snippet&q=One%20in%2011%20Zambians%20is%20a%20member%20of%20the%20New%20Apostolic%20Church&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nga balina abagoberezi abasukka mu kakadde kamu mu emitwalo abiri, eggwanga lirimu ekibiina ky'Abaseveniside ekisinga obunene mu Afirika, okuva ku bantu abasukka mu bukadde mwenda mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Membership figures of the global Church as at the end of 2009: New Apostolic Church International (NAC) |url=http://www.nak.org/news/naci-news/article/16710/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626032545/http://www.nak.org/news/naci-news/article/16710/ |archive-date=26 June 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.nak.org}}</ref> Abantu nga 2.7% ku Bannazambia Basiraamu, abasinga obungi nga Basunni n’abalala abatonotono nga Abaismaili ne Twelver Shia.[1] Abasiraamu abali mu Zambia, abalina okubalibwa okw’omulundi ogumu nga 100,000 okusinziira ku kuteebereza okumu, bazingiramu abanoonyi b’obubudamu okuva e Congo ne Somalia, awamu n’abagwiira okuva mu South Asia ne Middle East abafuuse Bannazambia.[1] Abahindu, abasinga obungi nga ba South Asian ancestry, baali nga 10,000 okusinziira ku kuteebereza okumu, mu 2019.[1] Abayudaaya, abasinga obungi nga ba South Asian ancestry, baali nga 10,000 okusinziira ku kuteebereza okumu, mu 2019.[1] Abayudaaya, abasinga obungi nga ba South Asian ancestry, baali nga 10,000 okusinziira ku kuteebereza okumu, mu 2019.[1] Abayudaaya, abasinga obungi nga ba South Asian ancestry, baali nga 10,000 okusinziira ku kuteebereza okumu, mu 2019.[1] Abayudaaya, abasinga obungi nga ba South Asian ancestry, baali nga 10,000 okusinziira ku kuteebereza okumu, mu 2019.[1] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] d5t4u5nvin6osaq7dm56gpmi72gir8e 59347 59346 2026-07-06T16:40:31Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nterezezza mu mpandiika 59347 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Amawanga ga Luba-Lunda oluvannyuma gaakendeera olw'okutunda abaddu mu Atlantic mu Bugwanjuba ne mu Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba ne mu ntalo n'ebibinja ebyali byawuddwa ku bwakabaka. Aba Chokwe, ekibinja ekirina oluganda olw'okumpi ne Luvale era ne kitondebwawo ng'eggwanga lya Lunda satellite, mu kusooka gaakosebwa olw'obwetaavu bwabaddu eri Abazungu, naye bwe baawukana ku bwakabaka, bo bennyini baafuuka batunzi ba baddu abamanyiddwa ennyo, nga batunda abaddu ku mbalama zombi. Abachokwe oluvannyuma baawangulwa amawanga amalala n'Abaportugali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azuonye |first=Chukwuma |date=15 December 1996 |title=Chokwe: (Angola, Zambia) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ejao3vG6nfsC&pg=PA11 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-1990-1 |language=en}}</ref> Obutali butebenkevu buno bwaviirako okugwa kw'obwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'abantu okusaasaanira mu bitundu bya Zambia eby'enjawulo okuva mu Democratic Republic of the Congo. Abazambia abasinga obungi balina obuzaale mu bwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'obwakabaka obulala obuli mu Masekkati ga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1200, ng’eggwanga lya Luba-Lunda terinnatandikibwawo, ekibinja ky’aba Bantu baatandika okusenguka okuva mu Congo Basin okudda ku Nnyanja Mweru ate oluvannyuma ne basenga okumpi n’ennyanja Malawi. Abasenze bano balowoozebwa okuba nga baali abamu ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky’e Upemba mu Democratic Republic of Congo. Mu myaka gya 1400, ebibinja by’abasenze bano awamu baayitibwanga Maravi, era nga mu bo mwalimu Abachewa abaatandika okukoppa ebibinja by’aba Bantu nga Tumbuka.<ref name="Team">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 1480 Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwatandikibwawo kalonga (omukulu w'obwakabaka bwa Maravi) okuva mu kika kya Phiri, kimu ku bika ebikulu, ng'ebirala mulimu Banda, Mwale ne Nkhoma. Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwali buva ku Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Enkulaakulana y'ebyobufuzi ey'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi yali efaanana ey'Obwakabaka bwa Luba era kigambibwa nti bwavaayo. Ekyamaguzi ekikulu eky'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi kyali amasanga, agaatundibwanga okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Ekyuma nakyo kyakolebwanga era ne kitundibwa mu nsi endala. Mu myaka gya 1590, Abapotigo baagezaako okweddiza eby'obusuubuzi n’okutunda Maravi mu nsi endala. Okugezaako kuno kwaleetawo obusungu mu Maravi ab’e Lundu, abaasumulula eggye lyabwe erya WaZimba. WaZimba baalumba ebibuga by’Abapotigo eby’obusuubuzi nga Tete, Sena n’ebibuga ebirala bingi.<ref name="thinkafrica.net">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Abamaravi nabo bateeberezebwa okuba nga baaleeta obulombolombo obwandifuuse ekibiina kya Nyau eky'ekyama okuva e Upemba. Aba Nyau be bakola ku nzikiriza oba eddiini y'obuwangwa ey'abantu b'omu Maravi. Ekibiina kya Nyau kirimu okuzina okw'obulombolombo n'obukookolo obukozesebwa mu kuzina; enzikiriza eno yasaasaana okwetooloola ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maptia |title=The Secret Cult of Nyau Dancers |url=https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108130415/https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-date=8 November 2020 |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=Maptia |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwakendeera olw'enkaayana ezikwata ku busika mu mukago, okulumbibwa Ngoni n'okulumba abaddu okuva mu Yao.<ref name="thinkafrica.net2">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa ne Mfecane''' Ng'Obwakabaka bwa Great Zimbabwe bwali bukendedde, omu ku balangira baabwo, Nyatsimba Mutota, yava mu ggwanga n'atandikawo obwakabaka obupya obuyitibwa Mutapa. Ekitiibwa kya Mwene Mutapa, ekitegeeza "Omulumbaganyi w'Ensi", kyamuweebwa era n'abafuzi abaddirira.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mwene Matapa {{!}} historical dynastic title, southern Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520141810/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |archive-date=20 May 2023 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwafuganga ekitundu ekiri wakati w’Omugga Zambezi n’Omugga Limpopo, mu kitundu ekiriwo kati ekiyitibwa Zambia, Zimbabwe ne Mozambique, okuva mu kyasa ekya 14 okutuusa mu kyasa ekya 17. Mu ntikko yaabwo, Mutapa yali awambye ekitundu kya Dande eky’Omugga Tonga ne Tavara. Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwasinganga kwetaba mu by’obusuubuzi okusomoka Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okutuuka mu mawanga ag’omu Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Okufaananako abantu abaaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu mu Maravi, Mutapa yalina obuzibu n’abasuubuzi Abapotigo abaali bazze. Obutategeeragana buno we bwatuukira ku ntikko, Abapotigo baali bagezezzaako okukyusa mu nsonga z’omunda mu bwakabaka nga batandikawo obutale mu bwakabaka era nga bakyusa abantu okubayingiza Obukristaayo. Ekikolwa kino kyaleetawo obusungu mu Basiraamu AbaSwahili abaali babeera mu kibuga ekikulu, akavuyo kano kaawa Abapotigo ensonga gye baali banoonya okulumba obwakabaka era bagezeeko okufuga ebirombe by'abwo ebya zaabu n'enguudo awayitira amasanga. Obulumbaganyi buno bwagwa butaka Abapotigo bwe baalumbibwa endwadde nga bayita ku mugga Zambezi.<ref name="Mutapa">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1600 enkaayana ez'omunda n'olutalo lw'omunda byatandika okukendeera kwa Mutapa. Obwakabaka obwali bunafuye bwawangulwa Abapotigo era oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera bwatwalibwa amawanga ga Shona bwe baali bawalangana.<ref name="Mutapa2">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Abapotigo nabo baalina ettaka ddene, eryali limanyiddwa nga Prazos, era baakozesanga abaddu n'abaali abaddu ng'abakuumi n'abayizzi. Baatendekanga abasajja mu bukodyo bw'amagye era ne babawa emmundu. Abasajja bano baafuuka abayizzi b'enjovu abakugu era baali bamanyiddwa nga ba Chikunda. Oluvannyuma lw'okukendeera kw'Abapotigo, Chikunda baasobola okwesolossa munda mu Zambia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2019 |title=Chikunda |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227184451/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |archive-date=27 February 2021 |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Portugal okubeera mu kitundu ekyo kyali nsonga lwaki obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwatandikibwawo, eggwanga eryali lyetongodde ku Mutapa. Omukulembeze w'obwakabaka bwa Rozvi, Changamire Dombo, yafuuka omu ku bakulembeze abasingayo amaanyi mu byafaayo bya South-Central Africa. Wansi w'obukulembeze bwe, obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwawangula Abapotigo ne babaggya mu bifo mwe baali bakolera bizineesi ku mugga Zambezi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rozwi {{!}} historical state, Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125203243/https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |archive-date=25 January 2021 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Naye oboolyawo ekyokulabirako ekisinga okumanyibwa mu kino okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti kwe kweyongera kw’Abazulu wansi w’obukulembeze bwa Shaka. Okupikirizibwa okuva eri Abangereza abafuzi b’amatwale mu Cape ne okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti mu Bazulu kyavaako Mfecane (okunyigirizibwa). Abazulu beeyongera nga bayingiza abakazi n’abaana b’ebika bye baawangula, singa abasajja b’ebika bino ebya Nguni baawona okuttibwa, baakozesa obukodyo bw’amagye obw’Abazulu okulumba ebibinja ebirala.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Kino kyaviirako abantu bangi okusenguka, entalo n'obulumbaganyi mu Bukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati ne mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika nga ab'ekika kya Nguni oba Ngoni nga bakulembeddwamu Zwagendaba baasomoka omugga Zambezi nga batambulira mu Bukiikakkono. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni be baakuba ekibuga Maravi Empire ekyali kinafuye. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni abasinga obungi baasenga mu kitundu ekyali Zambia, [[Malawi]], [[Mozambique]] ne [[Tanzania]] era ne beegatta ku bika ebyali mu kitundu ekyo.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history2">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Zambia, ekibinja ekirala eky’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Afirika eky’Abasotho-Tswana abava mu Luba ne Lunda ezaagwa edda abayitibwa Abaluyana baawamba Kololo ne bamussaako olulimi Olukololo okutuusa Abaluyana lwe beekalakaasa ne baggyako Kololo mu kiseera kino olulimi Olukololo lwali lwerabiddwa era olulimi olupya olugattiddwa lwe lwavaamu, SiLozi era Abaluyana baatandika okweyita Abalozi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lozi {{!}} people |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528092724/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |archive-date=28 May 2023 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kya 18, Abamu ku Mbunda baasengukira mu Barotseland, Mongu oluvannyuma lw'okusenguka kw'abantu abalala, nga muno mwe muli, Ciyengele.<ref>'' The elites of Barotseland, 1878–1969: a political history of Zambia's Western Province'': a. Gerald L. Caplan, C. Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd, 1970, {{ISBN|0-900966-38-6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=maniacky |first=jacky |title=bantu zone K |url=http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140411045127/http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-date=2014-04-11 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.bantu-languages.com}}</ref> '''Ekiseera ky'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' '''Abazungu''' Omu ku Bulaaya abaasooka okuwandiikibwa nga baakyalako mu kitundu kino yali omuvumbuzi Omupotigo Francisco de Lacerda ku nkomerero y'ekyasa ekya 18. Lacerda yakulemberamu ekibinja ky'abavumbuzi okuva e Mozambique okutuuka mu kitundu ky'e Kazembe mu Zambia (nga balina ekiruubirirwa eky'okuvumbula n'okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa okuva ku lubalama lw'ennyanja okutuuka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja omulundi ogusooka),<ref>{{cite web |year=1798 |title=Instructions and Travel Diary that Governor Francisco Joze de Lacerda e Almeida Wrote about His Travel to the Center of Africa, Going to the River of Sena, in the Year of 1798 |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905135844/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |archive-date=5 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Library of Congress}}</ref> era n'afa mu kiseera ky'olugendo mu 1798. Olugendo luno okuva olwo lwakulemberwamu mukwano gwe Francisco Pinto.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hartnett |first=Craig |title=Portuguese Expedition to Northern Rhodesia, 1798–99 |url=http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924023553/http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Great North Road (GNR, Northern Rhodesia, Zambia) |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ekitundu kino, ekisangibwa wakati wa Mozambique ne [[Angola]], kyali kigambibwa nti kyali kya Bupotugo mu kiseera ekyo. Abalala abava mu Bulaaya baagoberera mu kyasa 19. Eyasinga okumanyika mu bano yali David Livingstone, eyalina okwolesebwa okw'okukomya okusuubula abaddu ng'ayita mu "3Cs": Obukristaayo, Ebyobusuubuzi, n'Obuwangwa. Ye Muzungu eyasooka okulaba ebisulo by'amazzi ebyewuunyisa ku Mugga Zambezi mu 1855, n'abyogerako bw'ati: "Ebifo ebirabika obulungi bityo biteekwa okuba nga byatunuulirwa bamalayika mu kudduka kwabwe".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Livingstone Discovers Victoria Falls, 1855 |url=http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522092057/http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |archive-date=22 May 2020 |access-date=28 May 2020 |website=EyeWitness to History}}</ref> Mu kitundu kino ebiyiriro bimanyiddwa nga "Mosi-o-Tunya" oba "omukka ogubwatuka" mu lulimi Lozi oba Kololo. Ekibuga Livingstone, okumpi n'ebiyiriro, kiyitibwa erinnya lye. Emboozi ezikwata ku ŋŋendo ze zaali zimanyiddwa nnyo ne kiviirako abagenyi bangi okuva mu Bulaaya, abaminsani, n'abasuubuzi oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwe mu 1873.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627015544/https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-date=27 June 2020 |website=The Provincial Administration Website}}</ref> '''Kampuni ya British South Africa Company''' Mu 1888, kampuni ya British South Africa Company (BSA Company), eyakulemberwa Cecil Rhodes, yafuna olukusa okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka okuva ku Litunga ow'abantu ba Lozi, omukulu w'essaza ly'abantu ba Lozi (Ba-rotse) mu kitundu ekyafuuka Barotziland-North-Western Rhodesia.<ref name="livingstone">{{cite web |author=Livingstone Tourism Association |title=Destination:Zambia&nbsp;– History and Culture |url=http://www.livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012153527/http://livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> Ebuvanjuba, mu Gwekkumineebiri 1897 ekibinja ky’Abangoni oba Abangoni (abaasibuka mu Zululand) beekalakaasa nga bakulemberwa Tsinco, mutabani wa Kabaka Mpezeni, naye obujeemu bwakomezebwawo,<ref name="unam">{{cite web |author1=Human Rights |author2=Documentation Centre |name-list-style=amp |title=Zambia: Historical Background |url=http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311093653/http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-date=11 March 2007 |access-date=14 January 2011}}</ref> era Mpezeni n’akkiriza Pax Britannica. Ekitundu ky’eggwanga ekyo kyatandika okumanyibwa nga Rhodesia ey'omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba. Mu 1895, Rhodes yasaba omusikawutu wa Omumerika Frederick Russell Burnham okunoonya eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka n’engeri y’okulongoosaamu entambula y’emigga mu kitundu ekyo, era mu lugendo luno mwe mwazuulibwa Frederick Russell Burnham eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka bingi ku mugga Kafue.<ref name="burnham1899">{{cite book |last=Burnham |first=Frederick Russell |author-link=Frederick Russell Burnham |year=1899 |title=Bulawayo Up-to-date; Being a General Sketch of Rhodesia |title-link=s:Northern Rhodesia |publisher=Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co. |editor-last=Wills |editor-first=Walter H. |pages=177–180 |chapter=Northern Rhodesia}}</ref> '''Obufuzi bw'amatwale ga Bungereza''' Mu 1953, okutondebwawo kwa Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland z'agatta wamu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono ne Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo, ne Nyasaland (kati Malawi) ng’ekitundu kimu ekyetongodde. Kino kyakolebwa wadde nga waaliwo okuwakanyizibwa okuva mu bantu abatono, abaakola okwekalakaasa okwaliwo mu 1960–61.<ref name="infoplease">{{cite web |author=Pearson Education |title=Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Federation of |url=http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012231959/http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> '''Obwetwaaze''' Omukago gwasaanyizibwawo nga 31 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, era mu Gwoluberyeberye 1964, Kaunda yawangula akalulu k'Obwaminisita bwa Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono. Gavana w'amatwale, Sir Evelyn Hone, yali mukwano nnyo gwa Kaunda era yamukubiriza okwesimbawo ku kifo ekyo. Mangu ddala oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, waaliwo okwekalakaasa mu Bukiikakkono bw'eggwanga eryo eryali limanyiddwa nga Lumpa Uprising nga lyali liduumirwa Alice Lenshina – Kaunda's first internal conflict as leader of the nation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2020 |title=Alice Lenshina |url=https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228081501/https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |archive-date=28 February 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=The British Empire}}</ref> Rhodesia yafuuka Republic of Zambia nga 24 Ogwekkumi 1964, nga Kenneth Kaunda ye pulezidenti eyasooka. Ku kufuna obwetwaze, wadde nga yalina ebyobugagga eby'omu ttaka ebingi, Zambia yasanga okusoomoozebwa okw'amaanyi. Munda mu ggwanga, waaliwo Abazambia abatendeke era abayivu abasukka mu 70,000 abaali basobola okuddukanya gavumenti, era ebyenfuna byali byesigamye nnyo ku bakugu okuva mu mawanga amalala. Obukugu buno bwaweebwa mu ngeri emu oba endala omubaka wa Bungereza mu Zambia John Willson.<ref>[http://www.chu.cam.ac.uk/archives/collections/BDOHP/Willson.pdf WILLSON, John Michael (born 15 July 1931)]{{Dead link|date=June 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}. BDOHP Biographical Details and Interview Index. chu.cam.ac.uk</ref> Waaliwo Abazungu abasukka mu 70,000 ababeera mu Zambia mu 1964, era baasigala nga ba mugaso nnyo mu byenfuna.<ref name="Zambia">{{Cite news|date=1964-10-25|title=1964: President Kaunda takes power in Zambia|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605125604/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-date=5 June 2013|access-date=2025-09-13|url-status=live|language=en-GB}}</ref> Kaunda okuwagira abayeekera ba Patriotic Front abaali bakola obulumbaganyi mu mawanga ag'omuliraano (Bukiikaddyo) Rhodesia kyaleetawo obunkenke mu by'obufuzi era ne kireetawo okukozesa amagye ku nsalo, era kino kyaviirako ensalo okuggalwa mu 1973.<ref name="blackfire">{{cite book |last=Raeburn |first=Michael |year=1978 |title=We are everywhere: Narratives from Rhodesian guerillas |url=https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-0-394-50530-5 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 1–209]}}</ref>Ebbibiro ly'amasannyalaze erya Kariba ku mugga Zambezi lyawa amasannyalaze agamala okukola ku byetaago by'eggwanga eby'amasannyalaze, wadde nga Rhodesia ye yali ekola ku by'amasannyalaze. Nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1978, ennyonyi ey'abantu ba bulijjo, Air Rhodesia Flight 825, yakubibwa amasasi okumpi ne Kariba abayeekera ba Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) abaakulemberwa Joshua Nkomo. Rhodesia yaddamu n'ekikwekweto kya Gatling, okulumba enkambi endala mu Zambia nga bakozesa amaanyi g'ennyonyi n'abajaasi abakugu mu kubuuka mu bbanga n'abajaasi abakugu mu kukozesa ennyonyi.<ref>{{cite web |title=GREEN LEADER. OPERATION GATLING, THE RHODESIAN MILITARY'S RESPONSE TO THE VISCOUNT TRAGEDY |url=http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125155440/http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-date=25 January 2017 |access-date=22 April 2017}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1970, Mozambique ne Angola zaali zifunye obwetwaze okuva ku Portugal. Gavumenti ya Rhodesia eyali esingamu abazungu, eyafulumya Ekirangiriro ky’Obwetwaze mu 1965, yakkiriza obufuzi obw’abantu abangi wansi w’Endagaano ya Lancaster House mu 1979.<ref name="zimstudy">{{cite book |last=Nelson |first=Harold |year=1983 |title=Zimbabwe: A Country Study |publisher=Claitors Publishing Division |isbn=978-0-16-001598-4 |pages=54–137}}</ref> Obukuubagano mu bitundu byombi ebyali bifugibwa Abapotigo n'olutalo lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwa [[Namibia]] byaviirako okuyingira kw'abanoonyi b'obubudamuera ne kyongera ku buzibu bw'ebyentambula. Oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Benguela, olwayita mu [[Angola]], lwaggalwawo ddala eri ebyentambula bya Zambia mu myaka gya 1970 egyali gisembayo. Zambia okuwagira ebibiina ebirwanyisa obusosoze mu mawanga nga African National Congress (ANC) era kyaleetawo obuzibu bw'ebyokwerinda ng'amagye ga South Africa Defence Force galumba ebifo ebitali bimu mu lutalo lw'okulwanyisa obwetwaze bwa Namibia.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Evans, M. |year=1984 |title=The Front-Line States, South Africa and Southern African Security: Military Prospects and Perspectives |url=http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/Journal%20of%20the%20University%20of%20Zimbabwe/vol12n1/juz012001002.pdf |journal=Zambezia |volume=12 |page=1}}</ref> '''Ebizibu by'ebyenfuna''' Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1970, omuwendo gwa kkopa, ekyamaguzi ekikulu ekiva mu Zambia, gwasereba nnyo mu nsi yonna. Mu mbeera ya Zambia, obungi bw'okutambuza kkopa eŋŋendo empanvu okutuuka mu katale kyali kizibu kinene. Zambia yasaba obuyambi okuva mu mawanga ag'ebweru n'ag'ensi yonna, naye, nga bbeeyi ya kkopa esigadde nga yasereba, kyeyongera okubeera ekizibu okusasula amabanja gaayo agaali geeyongera. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1990, wadde nga tewaaliwo kusonyiyibwa mabanja, ebbeyi ya kkopa eyali eva mu Zambia yali emu ku bintu ebyali bisinga okuba eby'ebbeeyi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia (12/08) |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625080205/https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |archive-date=25 June 2020 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> '''Okukola ku nsonga z'abantu''' Mu Gwomukaaga 1990, obwegugungo obwali buwakanya Kaunda bwatandika era abeekalakaasi bangi battibwa gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2020 |title=About Zambia |url=http://www.psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509233410/http://psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-date=9 May 2016 |access-date=20 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bartlett |first=David M. C. |date=2000 |title=Civil Society and Democracy: A Zambian Case Study |journal=Journal of Southern African Studies |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=429–446 |doi=10.1080/030570700750019655 |issn=0305-7070 |jstor=2637411 |s2cid=143480603}}</ref>Mu 1990, Kaunda yawona okulumbibwa amagye, era mu 1991, yakkiriza okuzzaawo enfuga ey'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, oluvannyuma lw'okussaawo enfuga ey'ekibiina ekimu wansi w'akakiiko ka Choma aka 1972. Oluvannyuma lw'okulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, Kaunda yaggyibwa mu woofiisi oluvannyuma lw'okuwangulwa mu kulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi Frederick Chiluba. Mu myaka gya 2000, ebyenfuna byanywerera, ne bituuka ku kweyongera kw'ebbeeyi y'ebintu mu 2006–2007, okweyongera kw'ebyenfuna, okukendeera kw'amagoba, n'okweyongera kw'omutindo gw'ebyobusuubuzi. Bingi ku kukulaakulana kuno kuvudde ku kusiga ensimbi okuva ebweru mu by'okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka n'okweyongera kw'emiwendo gy'ekikomo mu nsi yonna. Bino byonna byaleetera Zambia okusikirizibwa ennyo abagabi b'obuyambi era ne kireetera abasiga nsimbi okwongera okwesiga eggwanga lino. == Ebyobufuzi == Ebyobufuzi mu Zambia bitambulira mu nkola ey'omukulembeze w'eggwanga omukiise mu demokulasiya ow'eggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo, omukulembeze wa Zambia y'akulira eggwanga era akulira gavumenti mu ggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo. Gavumenti ekozesa obuyinza obw'okuteeka mu nkola, ate obuyinza obw'okukola amateeka buweebwa gavumenti ne paalamenti. Zambia yafuuka repubuliki oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu Gwekkumi 1964. Okuva mu 2011 okutuuka mu 2014, pulezidenti wa Zambia yali Michael Sata, okutuusa Sata lwe yafa nga 28 Ogwekkumi 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zambian President Michael Sata dies in London - BBC News|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705073526/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-date=2017-07-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=BBC News|language=en-GB}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Sata, omumyuka wa pulezidenti Guy Scott, Omuzambia ow'ensibuko y'Abasikawutu, yafuuka omukungu akola nga pulezidenti. Okulonda kwa pulezidenti kwaliwo nga 22 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015. Omugatte gw’abantu 11 abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti be beesimbawo mu kulonda era nga 24 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015, kyalangirirwa nti Edgar Chagwa Lungu yali awangudde okulonda okufuuka pulezidenti ow’omukaaga. Yawangula ebitundu 48.33% eby’obululu, ng’obululu 1.66% bwali bumusinga ku munnabyabufuzi akyasinze okuvuganya gavumenti, Hakainde Hichilema, eyafuna ebitundu 46.67%.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Defence Minister Lungu wins Zambia's disputed presidential race|url=http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305065726/http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-date=2016-03-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=Yahoo News|language=en-US}}</ref>Abantu abalala mwenda abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti baafuna obululu obutaweza na bitundu 1% ku bululu bwonna. Mu kulonda pkwaliwo mu Gwomunaana 2016 Zambian general election pulezidenti Edgar Lungu yawangula okulonda okw’omulundi ogw’okubiri. Omukago ogutaba ebibiina by’ebyobufuzi ogwa Patriotic Front (PF) gwagaana ebyali byogerwa ab’oludda oluvuganya gavumenti, UPND party.<ref name="bbc-15aug2016">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|title=Zambia's President Edgar Lungu declared election winner|work=BBC News|date=15 August 2016|access-date=17 May 2021|archive-date=26 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026223033/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021, okwalimu abalonzi 70% ku abo abaali basuubirwa, Hakainde Hichilema yawangula ebitundu 59% eby’obululu, ng’omuvuganya we eyali asingayo okuba ow’amaanyi, Edgar Chagwa Lungu, eyali pulezidenti mu kiseera ekyo, yafuna ebitundu 39% eby’obululu.<ref name="zm-elec-39">{{Cite news|url=https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm|title=Presidential Election Results|work=Electoral Commission of Zambia|date=16 August 2021|access-date=27 December 2021|archive-date=2 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102194510/https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm/}}</ref> Nga 16 Ogwomunaana Edgar Lungu yakkiriza mu kiwandiiko kye yafulumya ku ttivi, ng’aweereza ebbaluwa era ng’ayozayoza pulezidenti omulonde Hakainde Hichilema.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-08-16|title=Zambia election: Hakainde Hichilema beats President Edgar Lungu|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|access-date=2021-08-16|archive-date=24 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824152003/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|last=Kabwe|first=Zitto|author-link=Zitto Kabwe|user=zittokabwe|number=1426967254986629126|date=15 August 2021|title=#Zambia President @EdgarCLungu has conceded in a letter sent to now president elect @HHichilema of @UPNDZM. Once again Zambia has shown the world the level of its democratic maturity. Peaceful transfer of power is happening for third time in history. Congratulations Zambians|language=en|access-date=30 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827180204/https://twitter.com/zittokabwe/status/1426967254986629126|archive-date=27 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomunaana 2021, Hakainde Hichilema yalayizibwa nga pulezidenti wa Zambia omuggya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2021 |title=Zambia's Hakainde Hichilema sworn in as President in rare victory for an African opposition leader |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116213703/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |archive-date=16 November 2021 |access-date=16 November 2021}}</ref> '''Amaggye''' Mu 2019, Zambia yassa omukono ku ndagaano ya UN ekwata ku Kuziyiza eby'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa ebya Nukiriya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2017 |title=Chapter XXVI: Disarmament&nbsp;– No. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806220546/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |archive-date=6 August 2019 |access-date=18 October 2019 |publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection}}</ref> '''Amateeka n'eddembe ly'obuntu''' Gavumenti evunaanye abavumirira nga bakozesa ebigambo by'amateeka nti baali bawabya abantu. Amateeka agakwata ku kuwandiika ebintu ebikyamu gakozesebwa okukugira eddembe ly'okwogera ne bannamawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2015 |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225030706/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-date=2021-02-25 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=2009-2017.state.gov}}</ref> Ebikolwa eby'okweganza wakati w'abantu ab'ekikula ekimu kimenya mateeka eri abasajja n'abakazi mu Zambia.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 May 2016 |title=State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition |url=http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902183618/http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |archive-date=2 September 2017 |access-date=29 July 2017 |website=[[International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Daniel|last=Avery|title=71 Countries Where Homosexuality is Illegal|url=https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|work=Newsweek|date=4 April 2019|access-date=18 August 2019|archive-date=11 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211204842/https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|url-status=live}}</ref> Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu 2010 kwalaga nti ebitundu 2% ebya Bannansi ba Zambia bakitwala nti okulya ebisiyaga tekirina buzibu bwonna ku mpisa.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Meyer |first1=Birgit |date=2021 |title=What Is Religion in Africa? Relational Dynamics in an Entangled World |journal=Journal of Religion in Africa |publisher=Brill |volume=50 |issue=1–2 |pages=156–181 |doi=10.1163/15700666-12340184 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2019, kyategeezebwa nti Omubaka wa Amerika mu Zambia Daniel Lewis Foote "yakwatibwa ensisi" olw'engeri Zambia gy'ekuumamu abalyi b'ebisiyaga mu makomera. Oluvannyuma lw'okujulira ne kulema era nga n'abafumbo bano Japhet Chataba ne Steven Samba baasalirwa ekibonerezo kya kusibibwa emyaka 15 mu makomera, Foote yasaba gavumenti ya Zambia okuddamu okwekenneenya omusango guno n'amateeka ga Zambia agalwanyisa ebisiyaga. Foote yafuna obuzibu era n'asazaamu okujja mu bantu oluvannyuma lw'okutiisibwatiisibwa ku mikutu gya yintaneeti, era oluvannyuma lw'okulangirirwa Lungu nti y'omuntu ataagalwa mu ggwanga eryo.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 December 2019 |title=US recalls ambassador to Zambia after gay rights row |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231195603/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |archive-date=31 December 2019 |access-date=12 January 2020 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 2026, gavumenti ya Zambia yavumirirwa olw'okwongezaayo olukiiko olw'amaanyi olw'ensi yonna olw'eddembe ly'obuntu, RightsCon, ennaku musanvu zokka nga tezinnatuuka okubeerawo mu Lusaka. Olukiiko olwo oluvannyuma lwasazibwamu oluvannyuma lw'okumanya nti gavumenti ya Zambia yali esaba, kirabika nga kya kusaba kw'abakungu ba China, okulungamya n'okuggyako aboogezi okuva e Taiwan. Abakugu baayogedde ku kweraliikirira olw'okulondoola n'okweyongera kw'obulabe eri ebitongole by'obwanakyewa.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gault ·|first1=Matthew|title=World's Largest Digital Human Rights Conference Suddenly Canceled|url=https://www.404media.co/rightscon-human-rights-conference-suddenly-postponed/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=404 Media|date=29 April 2026|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Elliott|first1=Vittoria|title=The Chinese Government Just Got the World's Largest Digital Rights Conference Canceled|url=https://www.wired.com/story/the-chinese-government-pressured-zambia-to-cancel-the-worlds-largest-digital-rights-conference/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Wired|date=1 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hendrix|first1=Justin|title=RightsCon Canceled After Zambia Requires 'Full Alignment' With 'National Values'|url=https://www.techpolicy.press/rightscon-canceled-after-zambia-requires-full-alignment-with-national-values/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Tech Policy Press|date=30 April 2026|language=en}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo by'abantu''' Okusinziira ku kubala abantu okwa 2022 mu Zambia, omuwendo gw'abantu mu Zambia gwali 19,610,769.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia's Population up to 19,610,769 in 2022 from 13,092,666 in 2010 – Zambia Statistics Agency |url=https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305022051/https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |archive-date=5 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ebibinja by'abantu ebisinga obunene mu Zambia beebo abayitibwa Bemba obukadde 3.3 (33.6%), Nyanja obukadde 1.8 (18.2%), Tonga obukadde 1.7 (16.8%), Abantu ab’omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba 1,000,000 (10.3%), Abalozii (Barotse) 770,000 (7.8%), Abamabwe 580,000 (5.9%), Abatumbuka 500,000 (5.1%), Abalamba 165,000 (2%), Abayindi 11,900 n’Abazungu 6,200.<ref>{{cite journal |date=2 November 2023 |title=Zambia |url=https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909114747/https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |archive-date=9 September 2023 |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=minorityrights.org}}</ref> Zambia y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubeeramu abantu mu bibuga mu Afirika eri wansi wa Sahara, ng'ebitundu 44% eby'abantu babeera mu bitundu ebisinga okubeeramu entambula, so ng'ate ebyalo birimu abantu batono nnyo. Omuwendo gw'abaana abazaalibwa gwali 6.2 mu 2007 (6.1 mu 1996, 5.9 mu 2001–02).<ref>{{cite web |title=Welcome to the Official site of Zambian Statistics |url=http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113144454/http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-date=13 November 2014 |access-date=11 April 2014 |publisher=Zamstats.gov.zm}}</ref> '''Ebibuga ebisinga obunene''' Okutandika kw'okuyiikuula ekikomo mu makolero ku Copperbelt mu myaka gya 1920 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga. Wadde ng'okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga kwali kuteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, kyali kinene nnyo.[1] Ebibuga ebikolebwamu eby'obugagga ku Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali eteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, yali nnene nnyo.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Potts |first=Deborah |date=2005 |title=Counter-urbanisation on the Zambian Copperbelt? Interpretations and implications |journal=Urban Studies |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=583–609 |bibcode=2005UrbSt..42..583P |doi=10.1080/00420980500060137 |s2cid=154412136}}</ref> Ebibuga ebirimu ebirombe bya Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali y'etoloolera ku gaali z'omukka n'enguudo okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwe bironbe bya kkoppa okuyita mu Kapiri Mposhi, Lusaka, Choma ne Livingstone. '''Ebibinja by'abantu''' Zambia elimu ebika nga 73,<ref name="BritannicaPeople">{{Cite web |title=Zambia – People |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambia/People |access-date=1 October 2024 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref><ref name="epr">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> wadde mu nkola waliwo ebibinja ebitono ebirabika obulungi.[2] Abazambia abasinga boogera Olubantu.<ref name="epr2">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ebibinja ebisinga obunene mu lulimi bye Bemba, Nyanja (era ekiyitibwa Chewa), ne Tonga; ebibinja ebirala ebitali binene nnyo bye Kaonde, Lozi, Luanda, ne Luvale.[2]<ref name="epr" /> Mu 2010, omuwendo gw'abantu gwateeberezebwa okuba ebitundu 21% Bemba, ebitundu 13.6% Tonga, ebitundu 7.4% Chewa, ebitundu 5.7% Lozi, ebitundu 5.3% Nsenga, ebitundu 4.4% Tumbuka, ebitundu 4.0% Ngoni, ne 38.6% abalala.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Bemba kye kisinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkono, Luapula, ne Copperbelt; ekibinja kya Tonga mu bitundu by'Obukiikaddyo, n'eby'Obugwanjuba; n'ekibinja kya Lozi mu bitundu by'Obugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Tumbuka ekitono ennyo kisangibwa mu kiwonvu kya Luangwa mu Buvanjuba.[2] Tewali kibinja ky'abantu aboogera olulimi olumu abasinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ebitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba tebirimu bantu bangi nnyo.<ref name="epr3">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ng’oggyeko olulimi, obuwangwa bukulu mu Zambia.<ref name="epr3" />Obuwangwa buno batera okubukwataganya n’obwesigwa bw’amaka oba n’ab’obuyinza eb'ennono. Obuwangwa buno busengekeddwa mu bibinja by’ennimi ebikulu.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Posner |first=Daniel N. |date=2005-06-06 |title=Institutions and Ethnic Politics in Africa |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-83398-1 |language=en |doi=10.1017/CBO9780511808661 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083432/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |archive-date=2023-03-21}}</ref> Abagwiira, okusingira ddala Abangereza oba Aba South Afrika, wamu n'abamu ku bannansi ba Zambia abeeru Abazungu abava mu Bungereza, babeera nnyo mu Lusaka ne mu Copperbelt mu Bukiikakkono bwa Zambia, gye baba nga bakola mu birombe, mu by'ensimbi n'emirimu emirala egifaananako bwe gityo oba nga bawummudde. Waaliwo Abazungu 70,000 mu Zambia mu 1964, naye bangi okuva olwo bavudde mu ggwanga.<ref name="Zambia" /> Zambia erina abantu abatono naye nga balina omugaso mu byenfuna abava mu Asia, abasinga obungi ku bo Buhindi ne Bachina. Ekibinja kino eky’abantu abatono ky'ekikyasinze okufuga eby’enfuna nga kye kikola ku by’okutunda ebintu. Kiteeberezebwa nti Abachina nga 80,000 be baali babeera mu Zambia mu 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ZAMBIA: Zambians wary of |url=http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910230935/http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-date=2011-09-10 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=IRINnews}}</ref> Mu myaka egiyise, ebikumi n’ebikumi by’abalimi abazungu abaali bagobeddwa mu Zimbabwe baasengukira e Zambia oluvannyuma lw’okuyitibwa gavumenti ya Zambia, okutandika okulima mu matwae g'omu Bukiikaddyo.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zim's Loss, Zam's gain: White Zimbabweans making good in Zambia|date=June 2004|newspaper=The Economist|access-date=28 August 2009|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110215085211/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-date=15 February 2011}}</ref><ref name="Spiegel">{{Cite news|title=Settling in Zambia: Zimbabwe's Displaced Farmers Find a New Home|last=Thielke|first=Thilo|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|date=27 December 2004|access-date=28 August 2009|periodical=[[Der Spiegel]]|archive-date=19 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619050250/http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza okwalebwa ku banoonyi b'obubuddamu mu 2009 ekyakubibwa akakiikio ka America akavunanyizibwa ku banoonyi b'obubudamu n'abagwiira eka U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, Zambia yalina omuwendo gw’abanoonyi b’obubudamu n’abanoonya obubudamu nga bali 88,900. Abanoonyi b’obubudamu abasinga obungi mu ggwanga baava mu Democratic Republic of the Congo (ababundabunda 47,300 okuva mu DRC ng'ababeera mu Zambia mu 2007), Angola (27,100 Bannangola Zambia), Zimbabwe (5,400) ne Rwanda (4,900).<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009">{{cite news|title=World Refugee Survey 2009|publisher=U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants|url=http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211175633/http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-date=11 December 2013}}</ref> Bannansi ba Zambia okutwaliza awamu baaniriza abagwira. Okutandika mu Gwokutaano 2008, omuwendo gw'Abazimbabwe mu Zambia gwatandika okulinnya ennyo; okuyingira kwali kusinga kw'Abazimbabwe abaali babeera mu South Africa abaali badduka obutabanguko obwali mu ggwanga eryo.<ref name="IRIN">{{Cite news|title=Zambia: Rising levels of resentment towards Zimbabweans|date=9 June 2008|access-date=7 August 2023|periodical=[[The New Humanitarian|IRIN News]]|url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2008/06/09/rising-levels-resentment-towards-zimbabweans|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930005909/http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=78648|archive-date=2009-09-30}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Kumpi abanoonyi b'obubudamo 60,000 babeera mu nkambi mu Zambia, ate 50,000 babeera mu bantu ba bulijjo. Abanoonyi b'obubudamo abaagala okukola mu Zambia balina okusaba olukusa saako n'ebiwandiiko ebikukkiriza okukola nga bino biyinza okutwala ddoola 500 buli mwaka.<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009" /> '''Eddiini''' Zambia mu butongole "eggwanga ery'Ekiikuristaayo" wansi wa Ssemateeka w'eggwanga owa 1996, naye essa ekitiibwa mu kukuuma eddembe ly'eddiini n'okusinza.<ref>{{cite web |date=30 June 2008 |title=Constitution of Zambia, 1991(Amended to 1996) |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105055544/http://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |archive-date=5 November 2012 |access-date=18 December 2012 |publisher=Scribd.com}}</ref> Zambia lye ggwanga lyokka mu Afirika erirangirira Obukristaayo ng'eddiini y'eggwanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Haynes |first=N. |date=2021 |title=Taking Dominion in a Christian Nation: North American Political Theology in an African Context |journal=Pneuma |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=214–232 |doi=10.1163/15700747-bja10036 |hdl=20.500.11820/48b556a6-cf81-4058-bf5b-894934a35ca0 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ekitongole kya Zambia ekivunaanyizibwa ku kubala abantu ekya Zambia Statistics Agency mu 2022 kyabalirira nti 98.0% ku Bannazambia Bakristaayo, nga 74.5% Bapulotesitanti, 17.9% Bakatoliki ate 5.6% Bajulirwa ba Yakuwa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2025-07-24 |title=RELIGIOUS LANDSCAPE OF ZAMBIA: AN ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF THE 2022 CENSUS FINDINGS |url=https://www.amulufeblog.com/2025/07/religious-landscape-of-zambia.html |access-date=2026-02-12 |website=Amulufeblog |language=en}}</ref> Enzikiriza z'ekikulisitaayo mu Zambia mulimu Apolotesitante, Abavangelika saako n'Abapentecoote.<ref name=":1" /> Obukristaayo bwatuuka mu Zambia okuyita mu bufuzi bw'amatwale obw'Abazungu, era enjawulo yaakyo ey'ebibiina eby'enjawulo eraga enkyukakyuka mu nkola y'obuminsani; okugeza, Obukatoliki bwava mu Mozambique ey'Abaportugalezi mu Buvanjuba, so ng'Obulokole bwava mu Bungereza mu Bukiikaddyo. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu 1964, Zambia yalaba okweyongera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibiina by'obuminsani ebirala okuva mu bitundu by'ensi ebitali bimu, naddala Amerika ey'Obukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. Mu byasa ebyaddirira, emirimu gy'obuminsani egy'Abazungu egyaddira abakkiriza ab'omu kitundu (okuggyako ebifo ebimu eby'obuminsani, gamba ng'abasawo). Oluvannyuma lwa Frederick Chiluba, Omukulisitaayo Omukristaayo, okufuuka pulezidenti mu 1991, ebibiina by'obuminsani eby'Abazungu byeyongera nnyo okwetooloola Zambia okuva mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu 1964, Zambia yalaba okweyongera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibiina by'obuminsani eby'Abazungu okuva mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani.<ref name="pentecostal">{{cite book |last=Steel |first=Matthew |year=2005 |title=Pentecostalism in Zambia: Power, Authority and the Overcomers |publisher=University of Wales |id=MSc Dissertation}}</ref> Eddiini z'Ekikristaayo ezimu ezirina abagoberezi batono mu nsi yonna zimanyiddwa nnyo mu Zambia. Eggwanga lino lirina abantu abawerako ab'enzikiriza y'eki Adiventi nga mu bibala ku Bazambia 18 osangamu 1 omu Adiventi.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 October 2012 |title=Zambia Union Conference&nbsp;– Adventist Directory |url=http://www.adventistdirectory.org/ViewAdmField.aspx?AdmFieldID=ZAUM |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427045842/https://www.adventistdirectory.org/ViewAdmField.aspx?AdmFieldID=ZAUM |archive-date=27 April 2023 |access-date=18 December 2012 |publisher=Adventistdirectory.org}}</ref> Ekkanisa y'Abalokole eya Central Africa erimu abagoberezi abasukka mu 11,000 mu ggwanga.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lutheran Church of Central Africa: Zambia |url=http://www.celc.info/site/cpage.asp?sec_id=180010197&cpage_id=180031341 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131193035/http://www.celc.info/site/cpage.asp?sec_id=180010197&cpage_id=180031341 |archive-date=31 January 2017 |publisher=Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference}}</ref> Abantu abasukka mu bitundu 12 ku buli kikumi mu Zambia basabira mu Kkanisa ya New Apostostoc Church.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hayashida |first=Nelson Osamu |date=1999 |title=Dreams in the African Literature: The Significance of Dreams and Visions Among Zambian Baptists |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CkNC6-Wmga4C&q=One+in+11+Zambians+is+a+member+of+the+New+Apostolic+Church&pg=PA36 |publisher=Rodopi |isbn=978-90-420-0596-9 |language=en |access-date=3 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518182155/https://books.google.com/books?id=CkNC6-Wmga4C&q=One+in+11+Zambians+is+a+member+of+the+New+Apostolic+Church&pg=PA36#v=snippet&q=One%20in%2011%20Zambians%20is%20a%20member%20of%20the%20New%20Apostolic%20Church&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nga balina abagoberezi abasukka mu kakadde kamu mu emitwalo abiri, eggwanga lirimu ekibiina ky'Abaseveniside ekisinga obunene mu Afirika, okuva ku bantu abasukka mu bukadde mwenda mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Membership figures of the global Church as at the end of 2009: New Apostolic Church International (NAC) |url=http://www.nak.org/news/naci-news/article/16710/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626032545/http://www.nak.org/news/naci-news/article/16710/ |archive-date=26 June 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.nak.org}}</ref> Abantu nga 2.7% ku Bannazambia Basiraamu, abasinga obungi nga Basunni n’abalala abatonotono nga Abaismaili ne Twelver Shia.[1] Abasiraamu abali mu Zambia, abalina okubalibwa okw’omulundi ogumu nga 100,000 okusinziira ku kuteebereza okumu okwakolebwa, bazingiramu abanoonyi b’obubudamu okuva e Congo ne [[Somalia]], awamu n’abagwiira okuva mu South Asia ne mu ddungu ly'ebuwalabu abafuuse Bannazambia.[1] Abahindu, abasinga obungi nga ba South Asian ancestry, baali nga 10,000 okusinziira ku kuteebereza okumu okwakolebwa, mu 2019.[1] Ku ntikko y'akyo mu myaka gya 1960, Abayudaaya abaali mu Zambia abaali bawerera ddala 10,000 ng'abasinga baali basibuka mu Lithuania, Latvia ne Bugirimaani okuva mu 2012 baali batono ddala okusinga Abazambia Abayudaaya ng'abasinga ku bbo baali bawangalira mu Lusaka mu matwale g'Obukiikakkono. Mu Zambia mulimu abantu batono ab'enzikiriza ya Baha ne Buddhists saako ne Sikhs. == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] 1mkxwce34sw6nar6wdah9lxo8zawde1 59348 59347 2026-07-06T16:45:10Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 59348 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Amawanga ga Luba-Lunda oluvannyuma gaakendeera olw'okutunda abaddu mu Atlantic mu Bugwanjuba ne mu Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba ne mu ntalo n'ebibinja ebyali byawuddwa ku bwakabaka. Aba Chokwe, ekibinja ekirina oluganda olw'okumpi ne Luvale era ne kitondebwawo ng'eggwanga lya Lunda satellite, mu kusooka gaakosebwa olw'obwetaavu bwabaddu eri Abazungu, naye bwe baawukana ku bwakabaka, bo bennyini baafuuka batunzi ba baddu abamanyiddwa ennyo, nga batunda abaddu ku mbalama zombi. Abachokwe oluvannyuma baawangulwa amawanga amalala n'Abaportugali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azuonye |first=Chukwuma |date=15 December 1996 |title=Chokwe: (Angola, Zambia) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ejao3vG6nfsC&pg=PA11 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-1990-1 |language=en}}</ref> Obutali butebenkevu buno bwaviirako okugwa kw'obwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'abantu okusaasaanira mu bitundu bya Zambia eby'enjawulo okuva mu Democratic Republic of the Congo. Abazambia abasinga obungi balina obuzaale mu bwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'obwakabaka obulala obuli mu Masekkati ga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1200, ng’eggwanga lya Luba-Lunda terinnatandikibwawo, ekibinja ky’aba Bantu baatandika okusenguka okuva mu Congo Basin okudda ku Nnyanja Mweru ate oluvannyuma ne basenga okumpi n’ennyanja Malawi. Abasenze bano balowoozebwa okuba nga baali abamu ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky’e Upemba mu Democratic Republic of Congo. Mu myaka gya 1400, ebibinja by’abasenze bano awamu baayitibwanga Maravi, era nga mu bo mwalimu Abachewa abaatandika okukoppa ebibinja by’aba Bantu nga Tumbuka.<ref name="Team">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 1480 Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwatandikibwawo kalonga (omukulu w'obwakabaka bwa Maravi) okuva mu kika kya Phiri, kimu ku bika ebikulu, ng'ebirala mulimu Banda, Mwale ne Nkhoma. Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwali buva ku Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Enkulaakulana y'ebyobufuzi ey'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi yali efaanana ey'Obwakabaka bwa Luba era kigambibwa nti bwavaayo. Ekyamaguzi ekikulu eky'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi kyali amasanga, agaatundibwanga okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Ekyuma nakyo kyakolebwanga era ne kitundibwa mu nsi endala. Mu myaka gya 1590, Abapotigo baagezaako okweddiza eby'obusuubuzi n’okutunda Maravi mu nsi endala. Okugezaako kuno kwaleetawo obusungu mu Maravi ab’e Lundu, abaasumulula eggye lyabwe erya WaZimba. WaZimba baalumba ebibuga by’Abapotigo eby’obusuubuzi nga Tete, Sena n’ebibuga ebirala bingi.<ref name="thinkafrica.net">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Abamaravi nabo bateeberezebwa okuba nga baaleeta obulombolombo obwandifuuse ekibiina kya Nyau eky'ekyama okuva e Upemba. Aba Nyau be bakola ku nzikiriza oba eddiini y'obuwangwa ey'abantu b'omu Maravi. Ekibiina kya Nyau kirimu okuzina okw'obulombolombo n'obukookolo obukozesebwa mu kuzina; enzikiriza eno yasaasaana okwetooloola ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maptia |title=The Secret Cult of Nyau Dancers |url=https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108130415/https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-date=8 November 2020 |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=Maptia |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwakendeera olw'enkaayana ezikwata ku busika mu mukago, okulumbibwa Ngoni n'okulumba abaddu okuva mu Yao.<ref name="thinkafrica.net2">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa ne Mfecane''' Ng'Obwakabaka bwa Great Zimbabwe bwali bukendedde, omu ku balangira baabwo, Nyatsimba Mutota, yava mu ggwanga n'atandikawo obwakabaka obupya obuyitibwa Mutapa. Ekitiibwa kya Mwene Mutapa, ekitegeeza "Omulumbaganyi w'Ensi", kyamuweebwa era n'abafuzi abaddirira.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mwene Matapa {{!}} historical dynastic title, southern Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520141810/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |archive-date=20 May 2023 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwafuganga ekitundu ekiri wakati w’Omugga Zambezi n’Omugga Limpopo, mu kitundu ekiriwo kati ekiyitibwa Zambia, Zimbabwe ne Mozambique, okuva mu kyasa ekya 14 okutuusa mu kyasa ekya 17. Mu ntikko yaabwo, Mutapa yali awambye ekitundu kya Dande eky’Omugga Tonga ne Tavara. Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwasinganga kwetaba mu by’obusuubuzi okusomoka Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okutuuka mu mawanga ag’omu Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Okufaananako abantu abaaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu mu Maravi, Mutapa yalina obuzibu n’abasuubuzi Abapotigo abaali bazze. Obutategeeragana buno we bwatuukira ku ntikko, Abapotigo baali bagezezzaako okukyusa mu nsonga z’omunda mu bwakabaka nga batandikawo obutale mu bwakabaka era nga bakyusa abantu okubayingiza Obukristaayo. Ekikolwa kino kyaleetawo obusungu mu Basiraamu AbaSwahili abaali babeera mu kibuga ekikulu, akavuyo kano kaawa Abapotigo ensonga gye baali banoonya okulumba obwakabaka era bagezeeko okufuga ebirombe by'abwo ebya zaabu n'enguudo awayitira amasanga. Obulumbaganyi buno bwagwa butaka Abapotigo bwe baalumbibwa endwadde nga bayita ku mugga Zambezi.<ref name="Mutapa">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1600 enkaayana ez'omunda n'olutalo lw'omunda byatandika okukendeera kwa Mutapa. Obwakabaka obwali bunafuye bwawangulwa Abapotigo era oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera bwatwalibwa amawanga ga Shona bwe baali bawalangana.<ref name="Mutapa2">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Abapotigo nabo baalina ettaka ddene, eryali limanyiddwa nga Prazos, era baakozesanga abaddu n'abaali abaddu ng'abakuumi n'abayizzi. Baatendekanga abasajja mu bukodyo bw'amagye era ne babawa emmundu. Abasajja bano baafuuka abayizzi b'enjovu abakugu era baali bamanyiddwa nga ba Chikunda. Oluvannyuma lw'okukendeera kw'Abapotigo, Chikunda baasobola okwesolossa munda mu Zambia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2019 |title=Chikunda |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227184451/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |archive-date=27 February 2021 |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Portugal okubeera mu kitundu ekyo kyali nsonga lwaki obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwatandikibwawo, eggwanga eryali lyetongodde ku Mutapa. Omukulembeze w'obwakabaka bwa Rozvi, Changamire Dombo, yafuuka omu ku bakulembeze abasingayo amaanyi mu byafaayo bya South-Central Africa. Wansi w'obukulembeze bwe, obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwawangula Abapotigo ne babaggya mu bifo mwe baali bakolera bizineesi ku mugga Zambezi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rozwi {{!}} historical state, Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125203243/https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |archive-date=25 January 2021 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Naye oboolyawo ekyokulabirako ekisinga okumanyibwa mu kino okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti kwe kweyongera kw’Abazulu wansi w’obukulembeze bwa Shaka. Okupikirizibwa okuva eri Abangereza abafuzi b’amatwale mu Cape ne okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti mu Bazulu kyavaako Mfecane (okunyigirizibwa). Abazulu beeyongera nga bayingiza abakazi n’abaana b’ebika bye baawangula, singa abasajja b’ebika bino ebya Nguni baawona okuttibwa, baakozesa obukodyo bw’amagye obw’Abazulu okulumba ebibinja ebirala.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Kino kyaviirako abantu bangi okusenguka, entalo n'obulumbaganyi mu Bukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati ne mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika nga ab'ekika kya Nguni oba Ngoni nga bakulembeddwamu Zwagendaba baasomoka omugga Zambezi nga batambulira mu Bukiikakkono. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni be baakuba ekibuga Maravi Empire ekyali kinafuye. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni abasinga obungi baasenga mu kitundu ekyali Zambia, [[Malawi]], [[Mozambique]] ne [[Tanzania]] era ne beegatta ku bika ebyali mu kitundu ekyo.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history2">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Zambia, ekibinja ekirala eky’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Afirika eky’Abasotho-Tswana abava mu Luba ne Lunda ezaagwa edda abayitibwa Abaluyana baawamba Kololo ne bamussaako olulimi Olukololo okutuusa Abaluyana lwe beekalakaasa ne baggyako Kololo mu kiseera kino olulimi Olukololo lwali lwerabiddwa era olulimi olupya olugattiddwa lwe lwavaamu, SiLozi era Abaluyana baatandika okweyita Abalozi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lozi {{!}} people |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528092724/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |archive-date=28 May 2023 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kya 18, Abamu ku Mbunda baasengukira mu Barotseland, Mongu oluvannyuma lw'okusenguka kw'abantu abalala, nga muno mwe muli, Ciyengele.<ref>'' The elites of Barotseland, 1878–1969: a political history of Zambia's Western Province'': a. Gerald L. Caplan, C. Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd, 1970, {{ISBN|0-900966-38-6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=maniacky |first=jacky |title=bantu zone K |url=http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140411045127/http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-date=2014-04-11 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.bantu-languages.com}}</ref> '''Ekiseera ky'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' '''Abazungu''' Omu ku Bulaaya abaasooka okuwandiikibwa nga baakyalako mu kitundu kino yali omuvumbuzi Omupotigo Francisco de Lacerda ku nkomerero y'ekyasa ekya 18. Lacerda yakulemberamu ekibinja ky'abavumbuzi okuva e Mozambique okutuuka mu kitundu ky'e Kazembe mu Zambia (nga balina ekiruubirirwa eky'okuvumbula n'okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa okuva ku lubalama lw'ennyanja okutuuka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja omulundi ogusooka),<ref>{{cite web |year=1798 |title=Instructions and Travel Diary that Governor Francisco Joze de Lacerda e Almeida Wrote about His Travel to the Center of Africa, Going to the River of Sena, in the Year of 1798 |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905135844/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |archive-date=5 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Library of Congress}}</ref> era n'afa mu kiseera ky'olugendo mu 1798. Olugendo luno okuva olwo lwakulemberwamu mukwano gwe Francisco Pinto.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hartnett |first=Craig |title=Portuguese Expedition to Northern Rhodesia, 1798–99 |url=http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924023553/http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Great North Road (GNR, Northern Rhodesia, Zambia) |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ekitundu kino, ekisangibwa wakati wa Mozambique ne [[Angola]], kyali kigambibwa nti kyali kya Bupotugo mu kiseera ekyo. Abalala abava mu Bulaaya baagoberera mu kyasa 19. Eyasinga okumanyika mu bano yali David Livingstone, eyalina okwolesebwa okw'okukomya okusuubula abaddu ng'ayita mu "3Cs": Obukristaayo, Ebyobusuubuzi, n'Obuwangwa. Ye Muzungu eyasooka okulaba ebisulo by'amazzi ebyewuunyisa ku Mugga Zambezi mu 1855, n'abyogerako bw'ati: "Ebifo ebirabika obulungi bityo biteekwa okuba nga byatunuulirwa bamalayika mu kudduka kwabwe".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Livingstone Discovers Victoria Falls, 1855 |url=http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522092057/http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |archive-date=22 May 2020 |access-date=28 May 2020 |website=EyeWitness to History}}</ref> Mu kitundu kino ebiyiriro bimanyiddwa nga "Mosi-o-Tunya" oba "omukka ogubwatuka" mu lulimi Lozi oba Kololo. Ekibuga Livingstone, okumpi n'ebiyiriro, kiyitibwa erinnya lye. Emboozi ezikwata ku ŋŋendo ze zaali zimanyiddwa nnyo ne kiviirako abagenyi bangi okuva mu Bulaaya, abaminsani, n'abasuubuzi oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwe mu 1873.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627015544/https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-date=27 June 2020 |website=The Provincial Administration Website}}</ref> '''Kampuni ya British South Africa Company''' Mu 1888, kampuni ya British South Africa Company (BSA Company), eyakulemberwa Cecil Rhodes, yafuna olukusa okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka okuva ku Litunga ow'abantu ba Lozi, omukulu w'essaza ly'abantu ba Lozi (Ba-rotse) mu kitundu ekyafuuka Barotziland-North-Western Rhodesia.<ref name="livingstone">{{cite web |author=Livingstone Tourism Association |title=Destination:Zambia&nbsp;– History and Culture |url=http://www.livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012153527/http://livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> Ebuvanjuba, mu Gwekkumineebiri 1897 ekibinja ky’Abangoni oba Abangoni (abaasibuka mu Zululand) beekalakaasa nga bakulemberwa Tsinco, mutabani wa Kabaka Mpezeni, naye obujeemu bwakomezebwawo,<ref name="unam">{{cite web |author1=Human Rights |author2=Documentation Centre |name-list-style=amp |title=Zambia: Historical Background |url=http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311093653/http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-date=11 March 2007 |access-date=14 January 2011}}</ref> era Mpezeni n’akkiriza Pax Britannica. Ekitundu ky’eggwanga ekyo kyatandika okumanyibwa nga Rhodesia ey'omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba. Mu 1895, Rhodes yasaba omusikawutu wa Omumerika Frederick Russell Burnham okunoonya eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka n’engeri y’okulongoosaamu entambula y’emigga mu kitundu ekyo, era mu lugendo luno mwe mwazuulibwa Frederick Russell Burnham eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka bingi ku mugga Kafue.<ref name="burnham1899">{{cite book |last=Burnham |first=Frederick Russell |author-link=Frederick Russell Burnham |year=1899 |title=Bulawayo Up-to-date; Being a General Sketch of Rhodesia |title-link=s:Northern Rhodesia |publisher=Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co. |editor-last=Wills |editor-first=Walter H. |pages=177–180 |chapter=Northern Rhodesia}}</ref> '''Obufuzi bw'amatwale ga Bungereza''' Mu 1953, okutondebwawo kwa Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland z'agatta wamu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono ne Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo, ne Nyasaland (kati Malawi) ng’ekitundu kimu ekyetongodde. Kino kyakolebwa wadde nga waaliwo okuwakanyizibwa okuva mu bantu abatono, abaakola okwekalakaasa okwaliwo mu 1960–61.<ref name="infoplease">{{cite web |author=Pearson Education |title=Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Federation of |url=http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012231959/http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> '''Obwetwaaze''' Omukago gwasaanyizibwawo nga 31 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, era mu Gwoluberyeberye 1964, Kaunda yawangula akalulu k'Obwaminisita bwa Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono. Gavana w'amatwale, Sir Evelyn Hone, yali mukwano nnyo gwa Kaunda era yamukubiriza okwesimbawo ku kifo ekyo. Mangu ddala oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, waaliwo okwekalakaasa mu Bukiikakkono bw'eggwanga eryo eryali limanyiddwa nga Lumpa Uprising nga lyali liduumirwa Alice Lenshina – Kaunda's first internal conflict as leader of the nation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2020 |title=Alice Lenshina |url=https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228081501/https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |archive-date=28 February 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=The British Empire}}</ref> Rhodesia yafuuka Republic of Zambia nga 24 Ogwekkumi 1964, nga Kenneth Kaunda ye pulezidenti eyasooka. Ku kufuna obwetwaze, wadde nga yalina ebyobugagga eby'omu ttaka ebingi, Zambia yasanga okusoomoozebwa okw'amaanyi. Munda mu ggwanga, waaliwo Abazambia abatendeke era abayivu abasukka mu 70,000 abaali basobola okuddukanya gavumenti, era ebyenfuna byali byesigamye nnyo ku bakugu okuva mu mawanga amalala. Obukugu buno bwaweebwa mu ngeri emu oba endala omubaka wa Bungereza mu Zambia John Willson.<ref>[http://www.chu.cam.ac.uk/archives/collections/BDOHP/Willson.pdf WILLSON, John Michael (born 15 July 1931)]{{Dead link|date=June 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}. BDOHP Biographical Details and Interview Index. chu.cam.ac.uk</ref> Waaliwo Abazungu abasukka mu 70,000 ababeera mu Zambia mu 1964, era baasigala nga ba mugaso nnyo mu byenfuna.<ref name="Zambia">{{Cite news|date=1964-10-25|title=1964: President Kaunda takes power in Zambia|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605125604/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-date=5 June 2013|access-date=2025-09-13|url-status=live|language=en-GB}}</ref> Kaunda okuwagira abayeekera ba Patriotic Front abaali bakola obulumbaganyi mu mawanga ag'omuliraano (Bukiikaddyo) Rhodesia kyaleetawo obunkenke mu by'obufuzi era ne kireetawo okukozesa amagye ku nsalo, era kino kyaviirako ensalo okuggalwa mu 1973.<ref name="blackfire">{{cite book |last=Raeburn |first=Michael |year=1978 |title=We are everywhere: Narratives from Rhodesian guerillas |url=https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-0-394-50530-5 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 1–209]}}</ref>Ebbibiro ly'amasannyalaze erya Kariba ku mugga Zambezi lyawa amasannyalaze agamala okukola ku byetaago by'eggwanga eby'amasannyalaze, wadde nga Rhodesia ye yali ekola ku by'amasannyalaze. Nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1978, ennyonyi ey'abantu ba bulijjo, Air Rhodesia Flight 825, yakubibwa amasasi okumpi ne Kariba abayeekera ba Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) abaakulemberwa Joshua Nkomo. Rhodesia yaddamu n'ekikwekweto kya Gatling, okulumba enkambi endala mu Zambia nga bakozesa amaanyi g'ennyonyi n'abajaasi abakugu mu kubuuka mu bbanga n'abajaasi abakugu mu kukozesa ennyonyi.<ref>{{cite web |title=GREEN LEADER. OPERATION GATLING, THE RHODESIAN MILITARY'S RESPONSE TO THE VISCOUNT TRAGEDY |url=http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125155440/http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-date=25 January 2017 |access-date=22 April 2017}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1970, Mozambique ne Angola zaali zifunye obwetwaze okuva ku Portugal. Gavumenti ya Rhodesia eyali esingamu abazungu, eyafulumya Ekirangiriro ky’Obwetwaze mu 1965, yakkiriza obufuzi obw’abantu abangi wansi w’Endagaano ya Lancaster House mu 1979.<ref name="zimstudy">{{cite book |last=Nelson |first=Harold |year=1983 |title=Zimbabwe: A Country Study |publisher=Claitors Publishing Division |isbn=978-0-16-001598-4 |pages=54–137}}</ref> Obukuubagano mu bitundu byombi ebyali bifugibwa Abapotigo n'olutalo lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwa [[Namibia]] byaviirako okuyingira kw'abanoonyi b'obubudamuera ne kyongera ku buzibu bw'ebyentambula. Oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Benguela, olwayita mu [[Angola]], lwaggalwawo ddala eri ebyentambula bya Zambia mu myaka gya 1970 egyali gisembayo. Zambia okuwagira ebibiina ebirwanyisa obusosoze mu mawanga nga African National Congress (ANC) era kyaleetawo obuzibu bw'ebyokwerinda ng'amagye ga South Africa Defence Force galumba ebifo ebitali bimu mu lutalo lw'okulwanyisa obwetwaze bwa Namibia.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Evans, M. |year=1984 |title=The Front-Line States, South Africa and Southern African Security: Military Prospects and Perspectives |url=http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/Journal%20of%20the%20University%20of%20Zimbabwe/vol12n1/juz012001002.pdf |journal=Zambezia |volume=12 |page=1}}</ref> '''Ebizibu by'ebyenfuna''' Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1970, omuwendo gwa kkopa, ekyamaguzi ekikulu ekiva mu Zambia, gwasereba nnyo mu nsi yonna. Mu mbeera ya Zambia, obungi bw'okutambuza kkopa eŋŋendo empanvu okutuuka mu katale kyali kizibu kinene. Zambia yasaba obuyambi okuva mu mawanga ag'ebweru n'ag'ensi yonna, naye, nga bbeeyi ya kkopa esigadde nga yasereba, kyeyongera okubeera ekizibu okusasula amabanja gaayo agaali geeyongera. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1990, wadde nga tewaaliwo kusonyiyibwa mabanja, ebbeyi ya kkopa eyali eva mu Zambia yali emu ku bintu ebyali bisinga okuba eby'ebbeeyi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia (12/08) |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625080205/https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |archive-date=25 June 2020 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> '''Okukola ku nsonga z'abantu''' Mu Gwomukaaga 1990, obwegugungo obwali buwakanya Kaunda bwatandika era abeekalakaasi bangi battibwa gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2020 |title=About Zambia |url=http://www.psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509233410/http://psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-date=9 May 2016 |access-date=20 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bartlett |first=David M. C. |date=2000 |title=Civil Society and Democracy: A Zambian Case Study |journal=Journal of Southern African Studies |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=429–446 |doi=10.1080/030570700750019655 |issn=0305-7070 |jstor=2637411 |s2cid=143480603}}</ref>Mu 1990, Kaunda yawona okulumbibwa amagye, era mu 1991, yakkiriza okuzzaawo enfuga ey'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, oluvannyuma lw'okussaawo enfuga ey'ekibiina ekimu wansi w'akakiiko ka Choma aka 1972. Oluvannyuma lw'okulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, Kaunda yaggyibwa mu woofiisi oluvannyuma lw'okuwangulwa mu kulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi Frederick Chiluba. Mu myaka gya 2000, ebyenfuna byanywerera, ne bituuka ku kweyongera kw'ebbeeyi y'ebintu mu 2006–2007, okweyongera kw'ebyenfuna, okukendeera kw'amagoba, n'okweyongera kw'omutindo gw'ebyobusuubuzi. Bingi ku kukulaakulana kuno kuvudde ku kusiga ensimbi okuva ebweru mu by'okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka n'okweyongera kw'emiwendo gy'ekikomo mu nsi yonna. Bino byonna byaleetera Zambia okusikirizibwa ennyo abagabi b'obuyambi era ne kireetera abasiga nsimbi okwongera okwesiga eggwanga lino. == Ebyobufuzi == Ebyobufuzi mu Zambia bitambulira mu nkola ey'omukulembeze w'eggwanga omukiise mu demokulasiya ow'eggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo, omukulembeze wa Zambia y'akulira eggwanga era akulira gavumenti mu ggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo. Gavumenti ekozesa obuyinza obw'okuteeka mu nkola, ate obuyinza obw'okukola amateeka buweebwa gavumenti ne paalamenti. Zambia yafuuka repubuliki oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu Gwekkumi 1964. Okuva mu 2011 okutuuka mu 2014, pulezidenti wa Zambia yali Michael Sata, okutuusa Sata lwe yafa nga 28 Ogwekkumi 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zambian President Michael Sata dies in London - BBC News|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705073526/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-date=2017-07-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=BBC News|language=en-GB}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Sata, omumyuka wa pulezidenti Guy Scott, Omuzambia ow'ensibuko y'Abasikawutu, yafuuka omukungu akola nga pulezidenti. Okulonda kwa pulezidenti kwaliwo nga 22 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015. Omugatte gw’abantu 11 abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti be beesimbawo mu kulonda era nga 24 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015, kyalangirirwa nti Edgar Chagwa Lungu yali awangudde okulonda okufuuka pulezidenti ow’omukaaga. Yawangula ebitundu 48.33% eby’obululu, ng’obululu 1.66% bwali bumusinga ku munnabyabufuzi akyasinze okuvuganya gavumenti, Hakainde Hichilema, eyafuna ebitundu 46.67%.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Defence Minister Lungu wins Zambia's disputed presidential race|url=http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305065726/http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-date=2016-03-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=Yahoo News|language=en-US}}</ref>Abantu abalala mwenda abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti baafuna obululu obutaweza na bitundu 1% ku bululu bwonna. Mu kulonda pkwaliwo mu Gwomunaana 2016 Zambian general election pulezidenti Edgar Lungu yawangula okulonda okw’omulundi ogw’okubiri. Omukago ogutaba ebibiina by’ebyobufuzi ogwa Patriotic Front (PF) gwagaana ebyali byogerwa ab’oludda oluvuganya gavumenti, UPND party.<ref name="bbc-15aug2016">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|title=Zambia's President Edgar Lungu declared election winner|work=BBC News|date=15 August 2016|access-date=17 May 2021|archive-date=26 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026223033/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021, okwalimu abalonzi 70% ku abo abaali basuubirwa, Hakainde Hichilema yawangula ebitundu 59% eby’obululu, ng’omuvuganya we eyali asingayo okuba ow’amaanyi, Edgar Chagwa Lungu, eyali pulezidenti mu kiseera ekyo, yafuna ebitundu 39% eby’obululu.<ref name="zm-elec-39">{{Cite news|url=https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm|title=Presidential Election Results|work=Electoral Commission of Zambia|date=16 August 2021|access-date=27 December 2021|archive-date=2 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102194510/https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm/}}</ref> Nga 16 Ogwomunaana Edgar Lungu yakkiriza mu kiwandiiko kye yafulumya ku ttivi, ng’aweereza ebbaluwa era ng’ayozayoza pulezidenti omulonde Hakainde Hichilema.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-08-16|title=Zambia election: Hakainde Hichilema beats President Edgar Lungu|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|access-date=2021-08-16|archive-date=24 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824152003/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|last=Kabwe|first=Zitto|author-link=Zitto Kabwe|user=zittokabwe|number=1426967254986629126|date=15 August 2021|title=#Zambia President @EdgarCLungu has conceded in a letter sent to now president elect @HHichilema of @UPNDZM. Once again Zambia has shown the world the level of its democratic maturity. Peaceful transfer of power is happening for third time in history. Congratulations Zambians|language=en|access-date=30 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827180204/https://twitter.com/zittokabwe/status/1426967254986629126|archive-date=27 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomunaana 2021, Hakainde Hichilema yalayizibwa nga pulezidenti wa Zambia omuggya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2021 |title=Zambia's Hakainde Hichilema sworn in as President in rare victory for an African opposition leader |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116213703/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |archive-date=16 November 2021 |access-date=16 November 2021}}</ref> '''Amaggye''' Mu 2019, Zambia yassa omukono ku ndagaano ya UN ekwata ku Kuziyiza eby'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa ebya Nukiriya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2017 |title=Chapter XXVI: Disarmament&nbsp;– No. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806220546/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |archive-date=6 August 2019 |access-date=18 October 2019 |publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection}}</ref> '''Amateeka n'eddembe ly'obuntu''' Gavumenti evunaanye abavumirira nga bakozesa ebigambo by'amateeka nti baali bawabya abantu. Amateeka agakwata ku kuwandiika ebintu ebikyamu gakozesebwa okukugira eddembe ly'okwogera ne bannamawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2015 |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225030706/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-date=2021-02-25 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=2009-2017.state.gov}}</ref> Ebikolwa eby'okweganza wakati w'abantu ab'ekikula ekimu kimenya mateeka eri abasajja n'abakazi mu Zambia.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 May 2016 |title=State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition |url=http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902183618/http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |archive-date=2 September 2017 |access-date=29 July 2017 |website=[[International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Daniel|last=Avery|title=71 Countries Where Homosexuality is Illegal|url=https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|work=Newsweek|date=4 April 2019|access-date=18 August 2019|archive-date=11 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211204842/https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|url-status=live}}</ref> Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu 2010 kwalaga nti ebitundu 2% ebya Bannansi ba Zambia bakitwala nti okulya ebisiyaga tekirina buzibu bwonna ku mpisa.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Meyer |first1=Birgit |date=2021 |title=What Is Religion in Africa? Relational Dynamics in an Entangled World |journal=Journal of Religion in Africa |publisher=Brill |volume=50 |issue=1–2 |pages=156–181 |doi=10.1163/15700666-12340184 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2019, kyategeezebwa nti Omubaka wa Amerika mu Zambia Daniel Lewis Foote "yakwatibwa ensisi" olw'engeri Zambia gy'ekuumamu abalyi b'ebisiyaga mu makomera. Oluvannyuma lw'okujulira ne kulema era nga n'abafumbo bano Japhet Chataba ne Steven Samba baasalirwa ekibonerezo kya kusibibwa emyaka 15 mu makomera, Foote yasaba gavumenti ya Zambia okuddamu okwekenneenya omusango guno n'amateeka ga Zambia agalwanyisa ebisiyaga. Foote yafuna obuzibu era n'asazaamu okujja mu bantu oluvannyuma lw'okutiisibwatiisibwa ku mikutu gya yintaneeti, era oluvannyuma lw'okulangirirwa Lungu nti y'omuntu ataagalwa mu ggwanga eryo.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 December 2019 |title=US recalls ambassador to Zambia after gay rights row |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231195603/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |archive-date=31 December 2019 |access-date=12 January 2020 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 2026, gavumenti ya Zambia yavumirirwa olw'okwongezaayo olukiiko olw'amaanyi olw'ensi yonna olw'eddembe ly'obuntu, RightsCon, ennaku musanvu zokka nga tezinnatuuka okubeerawo mu Lusaka. Olukiiko olwo oluvannyuma lwasazibwamu oluvannyuma lw'okumanya nti gavumenti ya Zambia yali esaba, kirabika nga kya kusaba kw'abakungu ba China, okulungamya n'okuggyako aboogezi okuva e Taiwan. Abakugu baayogedde ku kweraliikirira olw'okulondoola n'okweyongera kw'obulabe eri ebitongole by'obwanakyewa.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gault ·|first1=Matthew|title=World's Largest Digital Human Rights Conference Suddenly Canceled|url=https://www.404media.co/rightscon-human-rights-conference-suddenly-postponed/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=404 Media|date=29 April 2026|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Elliott|first1=Vittoria|title=The Chinese Government Just Got the World's Largest Digital Rights Conference Canceled|url=https://www.wired.com/story/the-chinese-government-pressured-zambia-to-cancel-the-worlds-largest-digital-rights-conference/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Wired|date=1 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hendrix|first1=Justin|title=RightsCon Canceled After Zambia Requires 'Full Alignment' With 'National Values'|url=https://www.techpolicy.press/rightscon-canceled-after-zambia-requires-full-alignment-with-national-values/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Tech Policy Press|date=30 April 2026|language=en}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo by'abantu''' Okusinziira ku kubala abantu okwa 2022 mu Zambia, omuwendo gw'abantu mu Zambia gwali 19,610,769.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia's Population up to 19,610,769 in 2022 from 13,092,666 in 2010 – Zambia Statistics Agency |url=https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305022051/https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |archive-date=5 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ebibinja by'abantu ebisinga obunene mu Zambia beebo abayitibwa Bemba obukadde 3.3 (33.6%), Nyanja obukadde 1.8 (18.2%), Tonga obukadde 1.7 (16.8%), Abantu ab’omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba 1,000,000 (10.3%), Abalozii (Barotse) 770,000 (7.8%), Abamabwe 580,000 (5.9%), Abatumbuka 500,000 (5.1%), Abalamba 165,000 (2%), Abayindi 11,900 n’Abazungu 6,200.<ref>{{cite journal |date=2 November 2023 |title=Zambia |url=https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909114747/https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |archive-date=9 September 2023 |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=minorityrights.org}}</ref> Zambia y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubeeramu abantu mu bibuga mu Afirika eri wansi wa Sahara, ng'ebitundu 44% eby'abantu babeera mu bitundu ebisinga okubeeramu entambula, so ng'ate ebyalo birimu abantu batono nnyo. Omuwendo gw'abaana abazaalibwa gwali 6.2 mu 2007 (6.1 mu 1996, 5.9 mu 2001–02).<ref>{{cite web |title=Welcome to the Official site of Zambian Statistics |url=http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113144454/http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-date=13 November 2014 |access-date=11 April 2014 |publisher=Zamstats.gov.zm}}</ref> '''Ebibuga ebisinga obunene''' Okutandika kw'okuyiikuula ekikomo mu makolero ku Copperbelt mu myaka gya 1920 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga. Wadde ng'okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga kwali kuteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, kyali kinene nnyo.[1] Ebibuga ebikolebwamu eby'obugagga ku Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali eteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, yali nnene nnyo.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Potts |first=Deborah |date=2005 |title=Counter-urbanisation on the Zambian Copperbelt? Interpretations and implications |journal=Urban Studies |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=583–609 |bibcode=2005UrbSt..42..583P |doi=10.1080/00420980500060137 |s2cid=154412136}}</ref> Ebibuga ebirimu ebirombe bya Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali y'etoloolera ku gaali z'omukka n'enguudo okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwe bironbe bya kkoppa okuyita mu Kapiri Mposhi, Lusaka, Choma ne Livingstone. '''Ebibinja by'abantu''' Zambia elimu ebika nga 73,<ref name="BritannicaPeople">{{Cite web |title=Zambia – People |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambia/People |access-date=1 October 2024 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref><ref name="epr">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> wadde mu nkola waliwo ebibinja ebitono ebirabika obulungi.[2] Abazambia abasinga boogera Olubantu.<ref name="epr2">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ebibinja ebisinga obunene mu lulimi bye Bemba, Nyanja (era ekiyitibwa Chewa), ne Tonga; ebibinja ebirala ebitali binene nnyo bye Kaonde, Lozi, Luanda, ne Luvale.[2]<ref name="epr" /> Mu 2010, omuwendo gw'abantu gwateeberezebwa okuba ebitundu 21% Bemba, ebitundu 13.6% Tonga, ebitundu 7.4% Chewa, ebitundu 5.7% Lozi, ebitundu 5.3% Nsenga, ebitundu 4.4% Tumbuka, ebitundu 4.0% Ngoni, ne 38.6% abalala.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Bemba kye kisinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkono, Luapula, ne Copperbelt; ekibinja kya Tonga mu bitundu by'Obukiikaddyo, n'eby'Obugwanjuba; n'ekibinja kya Lozi mu bitundu by'Obugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Tumbuka ekitono ennyo kisangibwa mu kiwonvu kya Luangwa mu Buvanjuba.[2] Tewali kibinja ky'abantu aboogera olulimi olumu abasinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ebitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba tebirimu bantu bangi nnyo.<ref name="epr3">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ng’oggyeko olulimi, obuwangwa bukulu mu Zambia.<ref name="epr3" />Obuwangwa buno batera okubukwataganya n’obwesigwa bw’amaka oba n’ab’obuyinza eb'ennono. Obuwangwa buno busengekeddwa mu bibinja by’ennimi ebikulu.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Posner |first=Daniel N. |date=2005-06-06 |title=Institutions and Ethnic Politics in Africa |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-83398-1 |language=en |doi=10.1017/CBO9780511808661 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083432/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |archive-date=2023-03-21}}</ref> Abagwiira, okusingira ddala Abangereza oba Aba South Afrika, wamu n'abamu ku bannansi ba Zambia abeeru Abazungu abava mu Bungereza, babeera nnyo mu Lusaka ne mu Copperbelt mu Bukiikakkono bwa Zambia, gye baba nga bakola mu birombe, mu by'ensimbi n'emirimu emirala egifaananako bwe gityo oba nga bawummudde. Waaliwo Abazungu 70,000 mu Zambia mu 1964, naye bangi okuva olwo bavudde mu ggwanga.<ref name="Zambia" /> Zambia erina abantu abatono naye nga balina omugaso mu byenfuna abava mu Asia, abasinga obungi ku bo Buhindi ne Bachina. Ekibinja kino eky’abantu abatono ky'ekikyasinze okufuga eby’enfuna nga kye kikola ku by’okutunda ebintu. Kiteeberezebwa nti Abachina nga 80,000 be baali babeera mu Zambia mu 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ZAMBIA: Zambians wary of |url=http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910230935/http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-date=2011-09-10 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=IRINnews}}</ref> Mu myaka egiyise, ebikumi n’ebikumi by’abalimi abazungu abaali bagobeddwa mu Zimbabwe baasengukira e Zambia oluvannyuma lw’okuyitibwa gavumenti ya Zambia, okutandika okulima mu matwae g'omu Bukiikaddyo.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zim's Loss, Zam's gain: White Zimbabweans making good in Zambia|date=June 2004|newspaper=The Economist|access-date=28 August 2009|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110215085211/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-date=15 February 2011}}</ref><ref name="Spiegel">{{Cite news|title=Settling in Zambia: Zimbabwe's Displaced Farmers Find a New Home|last=Thielke|first=Thilo|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|date=27 December 2004|access-date=28 August 2009|periodical=[[Der Spiegel]]|archive-date=19 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619050250/http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza okwalebwa ku banoonyi b'obubuddamu mu 2009 ekyakubibwa akakiikio ka America akavunanyizibwa ku banoonyi b'obubudamu n'abagwiira eka U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, Zambia yalina omuwendo gw’abanoonyi b’obubudamu n’abanoonya obubudamu nga bali 88,900. Abanoonyi b’obubudamu abasinga obungi mu ggwanga baava mu Democratic Republic of the Congo (ababundabunda 47,300 okuva mu DRC ng'ababeera mu Zambia mu 2007), Angola (27,100 Bannangola Zambia), Zimbabwe (5,400) ne Rwanda (4,900).<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009">{{cite news|title=World Refugee Survey 2009|publisher=U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants|url=http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211175633/http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-date=11 December 2013}}</ref> Bannansi ba Zambia okutwaliza awamu baaniriza abagwira. Okutandika mu Gwokutaano 2008, omuwendo gw'Abazimbabwe mu Zambia gwatandika okulinnya ennyo; okuyingira kwali kusinga kw'Abazimbabwe abaali babeera mu South Africa abaali badduka obutabanguko obwali mu ggwanga eryo.<ref name="IRIN">{{Cite news|title=Zambia: Rising levels of resentment towards Zimbabweans|date=9 June 2008|access-date=7 August 2023|periodical=[[The New Humanitarian|IRIN News]]|url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2008/06/09/rising-levels-resentment-towards-zimbabweans|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930005909/http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=78648|archive-date=2009-09-30}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Kumpi abanoonyi b'obubudamo 60,000 babeera mu nkambi mu Zambia, ate 50,000 babeera mu bantu ba bulijjo. Abanoonyi b'obubudamo abaagala okukola mu Zambia balina okusaba olukusa saako n'ebiwandiiko ebikukkiriza okukola nga bino biyinza okutwala ddoola 500 buli mwaka.<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009" /> '''Eddiini''' Zambia mu butongole "eggwanga ery'Ekiikuristaayo" wansi wa Ssemateeka w'eggwanga owa 1996, naye essa ekitiibwa mu kukuuma eddembe ly'eddiini n'okusinza.<ref>{{cite web |date=30 June 2008 |title=Constitution of Zambia, 1991(Amended to 1996) |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105055544/http://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |archive-date=5 November 2012 |access-date=18 December 2012 |publisher=Scribd.com}}</ref> Zambia lye ggwanga lyokka mu Afirika erirangirira Obukristaayo ng'eddiini y'eggwanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Haynes |first=N. |date=2021 |title=Taking Dominion in a Christian Nation: North American Political Theology in an African Context |journal=Pneuma |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=214–232 |doi=10.1163/15700747-bja10036 |hdl=20.500.11820/48b556a6-cf81-4058-bf5b-894934a35ca0 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ekitongole kya Zambia ekivunaanyizibwa ku kubala abantu ekya Zambia Statistics Agency mu 2022 kyabalirira nti 98.0% ku Bannazambia Bakristaayo, nga 74.5% Bapulotesitanti, 17.9% Bakatoliki ate 5.6% Bajulirwa ba Yakuwa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2025-07-24 |title=RELIGIOUS LANDSCAPE OF ZAMBIA: AN ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF THE 2022 CENSUS FINDINGS |url=https://www.amulufeblog.com/2025/07/religious-landscape-of-zambia.html |access-date=2026-02-12 |website=Amulufeblog |language=en}}</ref> Enzikiriza z'ekikulisitaayo mu Zambia mulimu Apolotesitante, Abavangelika saako n'Abapentecoote.<ref name=":1" /> Obukristaayo bwatuuka mu Zambia okuyita mu bufuzi bw'amatwale obw'Abazungu, era enjawulo yaakyo ey'ebibiina eby'enjawulo eraga enkyukakyuka mu nkola y'obuminsani; okugeza, Obukatoliki bwava mu Mozambique ey'Abaportugalezi mu Buvanjuba, so ng'Obulokole bwava mu Bungereza mu Bukiikaddyo. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu 1964, Zambia yalaba okweyongera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibiina by'obuminsani ebirala okuva mu bitundu by'ensi ebitali bimu, naddala Amerika ey'Obukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. Mu byasa ebyaddirira, emirimu gy'obuminsani egy'Abazungu egyaddira abakkiriza ab'omu kitundu (okuggyako ebifo ebimu eby'obuminsani, gamba ng'abasawo). Oluvannyuma lwa Frederick Chiluba, Omukulisitaayo Omukristaayo, okufuuka pulezidenti mu 1991, ebibiina by'obuminsani eby'Abazungu byeyongera nnyo okwetooloola Zambia okuva mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu 1964, Zambia yalaba okweyongera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibiina by'obuminsani eby'Abazungu okuva mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani.<ref name="pentecostal">{{cite book |last=Steel |first=Matthew |year=2005 |title=Pentecostalism in Zambia: Power, Authority and the Overcomers |publisher=University of Wales |id=MSc Dissertation}}</ref> Eddiini z'Ekikristaayo ezimu ezirina abagoberezi batono mu nsi yonna zimanyiddwa nnyo mu Zambia. Eggwanga lino lirina abantu abawerako ab'enzikiriza y'eki Adiventi nga mu bibala ku Bazambia 18 osangamu 1 omu Adiventi.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 October 2012 |title=Zambia Union Conference&nbsp;– Adventist Directory |url=http://www.adventistdirectory.org/ViewAdmField.aspx?AdmFieldID=ZAUM |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427045842/https://www.adventistdirectory.org/ViewAdmField.aspx?AdmFieldID=ZAUM |archive-date=27 April 2023 |access-date=18 December 2012 |publisher=Adventistdirectory.org}}</ref> Ekkanisa y'Abalokole eya Central Africa erimu abagoberezi abasukka mu 11,000 mu ggwanga.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lutheran Church of Central Africa: Zambia |url=http://www.celc.info/site/cpage.asp?sec_id=180010197&cpage_id=180031341 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131193035/http://www.celc.info/site/cpage.asp?sec_id=180010197&cpage_id=180031341 |archive-date=31 January 2017 |publisher=Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference}}</ref> Abantu abasukka mu bitundu 12 ku buli kikumi mu Zambia basabira mu Kkanisa ya New Apostostoc Church.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hayashida |first=Nelson Osamu |date=1999 |title=Dreams in the African Literature: The Significance of Dreams and Visions Among Zambian Baptists |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CkNC6-Wmga4C&q=One+in+11+Zambians+is+a+member+of+the+New+Apostolic+Church&pg=PA36 |publisher=Rodopi |isbn=978-90-420-0596-9 |language=en |access-date=3 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518182155/https://books.google.com/books?id=CkNC6-Wmga4C&q=One+in+11+Zambians+is+a+member+of+the+New+Apostolic+Church&pg=PA36#v=snippet&q=One%20in%2011%20Zambians%20is%20a%20member%20of%20the%20New%20Apostolic%20Church&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nga balina abagoberezi abasukka mu kakadde kamu mu emitwalo abiri, eggwanga lirimu ekibiina ky'Abaseveniside ekisinga obunene mu Afirika, okuva ku bantu abasukka mu bukadde mwenda mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Membership figures of the global Church as at the end of 2009: New Apostolic Church International (NAC) |url=http://www.nak.org/news/naci-news/article/16710/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626032545/http://www.nak.org/news/naci-news/article/16710/ |archive-date=26 June 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.nak.org}}</ref> Abantu nga 2.7% ku Bannazambia Basiraamu, abasinga obungi nga Basunni n’abalala abatonotono nga Abaismaili ne Twelver Shia.<ref name="2023RIRF">{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2023-report-on-international-religious-freedom/zambia/ |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=United States Department of State |language=en-US}}</ref> Abasiraamu abali mu Zambia, abalina okubalibwa okw’omulundi ogumu nga 100,000 okusinziira ku kuteebereza okumu okwakolebwa, bazingiramu abanoonyi b’obubudamu okuva e Congo ne [[Somalia]], awamu n’abagwiira okuva mu South Asia ne mu ddungu ly'ebuwalabu abafuuse Bannazambia.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> Abahindu, abasinga obungi nga ba South Asian ancestry, baali nga 10,000 okusinziira ku kuteebereza okumu okwakolebwa, mu 2019.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> Ku ntikko y'akyo mu myaka gya 1960, Abayudaaya abaali mu Zambia abaali bawerera ddala 10,000 ng'abasinga baali basibuka mu Lithuania, Latvia ne Bugirimaani,<ref>{{cite web |last=Tutton |first=Mark |date=19 January 2012 |title=The forgotten story of Zambia's Jewish settlers |url=https://www.cnn.com/2012/01/19/world/africa/zambia-jewish-history/index.html |access-date=17 February 2025 |work=CNN}}</ref>okuva mu 2012 baali batono ddala okusinga Abazambia Abayudaaya ng'abasinga ku bbo baali bawangalira mu Lusaka mu matwale g'Obukiikakkono. Mu Zambia mulimu abantu batono ab'enzikiriza ya Baha ne Buddhists saako ne Sikhs.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] etb7lvlgnapdrgktw53w7sdyayvajhh 59349 59348 2026-07-06T16:53:23Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ekiba 59349 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Amawanga ga Luba-Lunda oluvannyuma gaakendeera olw'okutunda abaddu mu Atlantic mu Bugwanjuba ne mu Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba ne mu ntalo n'ebibinja ebyali byawuddwa ku bwakabaka. Aba Chokwe, ekibinja ekirina oluganda olw'okumpi ne Luvale era ne kitondebwawo ng'eggwanga lya Lunda satellite, mu kusooka gaakosebwa olw'obwetaavu bwabaddu eri Abazungu, naye bwe baawukana ku bwakabaka, bo bennyini baafuuka batunzi ba baddu abamanyiddwa ennyo, nga batunda abaddu ku mbalama zombi. Abachokwe oluvannyuma baawangulwa amawanga amalala n'Abaportugali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azuonye |first=Chukwuma |date=15 December 1996 |title=Chokwe: (Angola, Zambia) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ejao3vG6nfsC&pg=PA11 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-1990-1 |language=en}}</ref> Obutali butebenkevu buno bwaviirako okugwa kw'obwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'abantu okusaasaanira mu bitundu bya Zambia eby'enjawulo okuva mu Democratic Republic of the Congo. Abazambia abasinga obungi balina obuzaale mu bwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'obwakabaka obulala obuli mu Masekkati ga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1200, ng’eggwanga lya Luba-Lunda terinnatandikibwawo, ekibinja ky’aba Bantu baatandika okusenguka okuva mu Congo Basin okudda ku Nnyanja Mweru ate oluvannyuma ne basenga okumpi n’ennyanja Malawi. Abasenze bano balowoozebwa okuba nga baali abamu ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky’e Upemba mu Democratic Republic of Congo. Mu myaka gya 1400, ebibinja by’abasenze bano awamu baayitibwanga Maravi, era nga mu bo mwalimu Abachewa abaatandika okukoppa ebibinja by’aba Bantu nga Tumbuka.<ref name="Team">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 1480 Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwatandikibwawo kalonga (omukulu w'obwakabaka bwa Maravi) okuva mu kika kya Phiri, kimu ku bika ebikulu, ng'ebirala mulimu Banda, Mwale ne Nkhoma. Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwali buva ku Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Enkulaakulana y'ebyobufuzi ey'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi yali efaanana ey'Obwakabaka bwa Luba era kigambibwa nti bwavaayo. Ekyamaguzi ekikulu eky'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi kyali amasanga, agaatundibwanga okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Ekyuma nakyo kyakolebwanga era ne kitundibwa mu nsi endala. Mu myaka gya 1590, Abapotigo baagezaako okweddiza eby'obusuubuzi n’okutunda Maravi mu nsi endala. Okugezaako kuno kwaleetawo obusungu mu Maravi ab’e Lundu, abaasumulula eggye lyabwe erya WaZimba. WaZimba baalumba ebibuga by’Abapotigo eby’obusuubuzi nga Tete, Sena n’ebibuga ebirala bingi.<ref name="thinkafrica.net">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Abamaravi nabo bateeberezebwa okuba nga baaleeta obulombolombo obwandifuuse ekibiina kya Nyau eky'ekyama okuva e Upemba. Aba Nyau be bakola ku nzikiriza oba eddiini y'obuwangwa ey'abantu b'omu Maravi. Ekibiina kya Nyau kirimu okuzina okw'obulombolombo n'obukookolo obukozesebwa mu kuzina; enzikiriza eno yasaasaana okwetooloola ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maptia |title=The Secret Cult of Nyau Dancers |url=https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108130415/https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-date=8 November 2020 |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=Maptia |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwakendeera olw'enkaayana ezikwata ku busika mu mukago, okulumbibwa Ngoni n'okulumba abaddu okuva mu Yao.<ref name="thinkafrica.net2">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa ne Mfecane''' Ng'Obwakabaka bwa Great Zimbabwe bwali bukendedde, omu ku balangira baabwo, Nyatsimba Mutota, yava mu ggwanga n'atandikawo obwakabaka obupya obuyitibwa Mutapa. Ekitiibwa kya Mwene Mutapa, ekitegeeza "Omulumbaganyi w'Ensi", kyamuweebwa era n'abafuzi abaddirira.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mwene Matapa {{!}} historical dynastic title, southern Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520141810/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |archive-date=20 May 2023 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwafuganga ekitundu ekiri wakati w’Omugga Zambezi n’Omugga Limpopo, mu kitundu ekiriwo kati ekiyitibwa Zambia, Zimbabwe ne Mozambique, okuva mu kyasa ekya 14 okutuusa mu kyasa ekya 17. Mu ntikko yaabwo, Mutapa yali awambye ekitundu kya Dande eky’Omugga Tonga ne Tavara. Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwasinganga kwetaba mu by’obusuubuzi okusomoka Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okutuuka mu mawanga ag’omu Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Okufaananako abantu abaaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu mu Maravi, Mutapa yalina obuzibu n’abasuubuzi Abapotigo abaali bazze. Obutategeeragana buno we bwatuukira ku ntikko, Abapotigo baali bagezezzaako okukyusa mu nsonga z’omunda mu bwakabaka nga batandikawo obutale mu bwakabaka era nga bakyusa abantu okubayingiza Obukristaayo. Ekikolwa kino kyaleetawo obusungu mu Basiraamu AbaSwahili abaali babeera mu kibuga ekikulu, akavuyo kano kaawa Abapotigo ensonga gye baali banoonya okulumba obwakabaka era bagezeeko okufuga ebirombe by'abwo ebya zaabu n'enguudo awayitira amasanga. Obulumbaganyi buno bwagwa butaka Abapotigo bwe baalumbibwa endwadde nga bayita ku mugga Zambezi.<ref name="Mutapa">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1600 enkaayana ez'omunda n'olutalo lw'omunda byatandika okukendeera kwa Mutapa. Obwakabaka obwali bunafuye bwawangulwa Abapotigo era oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera bwatwalibwa amawanga ga Shona bwe baali bawalangana.<ref name="Mutapa2">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Abapotigo nabo baalina ettaka ddene, eryali limanyiddwa nga Prazos, era baakozesanga abaddu n'abaali abaddu ng'abakuumi n'abayizzi. Baatendekanga abasajja mu bukodyo bw'amagye era ne babawa emmundu. Abasajja bano baafuuka abayizzi b'enjovu abakugu era baali bamanyiddwa nga ba Chikunda. Oluvannyuma lw'okukendeera kw'Abapotigo, Chikunda baasobola okwesolossa munda mu Zambia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2019 |title=Chikunda |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227184451/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |archive-date=27 February 2021 |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Portugal okubeera mu kitundu ekyo kyali nsonga lwaki obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwatandikibwawo, eggwanga eryali lyetongodde ku Mutapa. Omukulembeze w'obwakabaka bwa Rozvi, Changamire Dombo, yafuuka omu ku bakulembeze abasingayo amaanyi mu byafaayo bya South-Central Africa. Wansi w'obukulembeze bwe, obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwawangula Abapotigo ne babaggya mu bifo mwe baali bakolera bizineesi ku mugga Zambezi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rozwi {{!}} historical state, Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125203243/https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |archive-date=25 January 2021 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Naye oboolyawo ekyokulabirako ekisinga okumanyibwa mu kino okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti kwe kweyongera kw’Abazulu wansi w’obukulembeze bwa Shaka. Okupikirizibwa okuva eri Abangereza abafuzi b’amatwale mu Cape ne okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti mu Bazulu kyavaako Mfecane (okunyigirizibwa). Abazulu beeyongera nga bayingiza abakazi n’abaana b’ebika bye baawangula, singa abasajja b’ebika bino ebya Nguni baawona okuttibwa, baakozesa obukodyo bw’amagye obw’Abazulu okulumba ebibinja ebirala.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Kino kyaviirako abantu bangi okusenguka, entalo n'obulumbaganyi mu Bukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati ne mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika nga ab'ekika kya Nguni oba Ngoni nga bakulembeddwamu Zwagendaba baasomoka omugga Zambezi nga batambulira mu Bukiikakkono. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni be baakuba ekibuga Maravi Empire ekyali kinafuye. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni abasinga obungi baasenga mu kitundu ekyali Zambia, [[Malawi]], [[Mozambique]] ne [[Tanzania]] era ne beegatta ku bika ebyali mu kitundu ekyo.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history2">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Zambia, ekibinja ekirala eky’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Afirika eky’Abasotho-Tswana abava mu Luba ne Lunda ezaagwa edda abayitibwa Abaluyana baawamba Kololo ne bamussaako olulimi Olukololo okutuusa Abaluyana lwe beekalakaasa ne baggyako Kololo mu kiseera kino olulimi Olukololo lwali lwerabiddwa era olulimi olupya olugattiddwa lwe lwavaamu, SiLozi era Abaluyana baatandika okweyita Abalozi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lozi {{!}} people |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528092724/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |archive-date=28 May 2023 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kya 18, Abamu ku Mbunda baasengukira mu Barotseland, Mongu oluvannyuma lw'okusenguka kw'abantu abalala, nga muno mwe muli, Ciyengele.<ref>'' The elites of Barotseland, 1878–1969: a political history of Zambia's Western Province'': a. Gerald L. Caplan, C. Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd, 1970, {{ISBN|0-900966-38-6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=maniacky |first=jacky |title=bantu zone K |url=http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140411045127/http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-date=2014-04-11 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.bantu-languages.com}}</ref> '''Ekiseera ky'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' '''Abazungu''' Omu ku Bulaaya abaasooka okuwandiikibwa nga baakyalako mu kitundu kino yali omuvumbuzi Omupotigo Francisco de Lacerda ku nkomerero y'ekyasa ekya 18. Lacerda yakulemberamu ekibinja ky'abavumbuzi okuva e Mozambique okutuuka mu kitundu ky'e Kazembe mu Zambia (nga balina ekiruubirirwa eky'okuvumbula n'okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa okuva ku lubalama lw'ennyanja okutuuka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja omulundi ogusooka),<ref>{{cite web |year=1798 |title=Instructions and Travel Diary that Governor Francisco Joze de Lacerda e Almeida Wrote about His Travel to the Center of Africa, Going to the River of Sena, in the Year of 1798 |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905135844/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |archive-date=5 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Library of Congress}}</ref> era n'afa mu kiseera ky'olugendo mu 1798. Olugendo luno okuva olwo lwakulemberwamu mukwano gwe Francisco Pinto.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hartnett |first=Craig |title=Portuguese Expedition to Northern Rhodesia, 1798–99 |url=http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924023553/http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Great North Road (GNR, Northern Rhodesia, Zambia) |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ekitundu kino, ekisangibwa wakati wa Mozambique ne [[Angola]], kyali kigambibwa nti kyali kya Bupotugo mu kiseera ekyo. Abalala abava mu Bulaaya baagoberera mu kyasa 19. Eyasinga okumanyika mu bano yali David Livingstone, eyalina okwolesebwa okw'okukomya okusuubula abaddu ng'ayita mu "3Cs": Obukristaayo, Ebyobusuubuzi, n'Obuwangwa. Ye Muzungu eyasooka okulaba ebisulo by'amazzi ebyewuunyisa ku Mugga Zambezi mu 1855, n'abyogerako bw'ati: "Ebifo ebirabika obulungi bityo biteekwa okuba nga byatunuulirwa bamalayika mu kudduka kwabwe".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Livingstone Discovers Victoria Falls, 1855 |url=http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522092057/http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |archive-date=22 May 2020 |access-date=28 May 2020 |website=EyeWitness to History}}</ref> Mu kitundu kino ebiyiriro bimanyiddwa nga "Mosi-o-Tunya" oba "omukka ogubwatuka" mu lulimi Lozi oba Kololo. Ekibuga Livingstone, okumpi n'ebiyiriro, kiyitibwa erinnya lye. Emboozi ezikwata ku ŋŋendo ze zaali zimanyiddwa nnyo ne kiviirako abagenyi bangi okuva mu Bulaaya, abaminsani, n'abasuubuzi oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwe mu 1873.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627015544/https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-date=27 June 2020 |website=The Provincial Administration Website}}</ref> '''Kampuni ya British South Africa Company''' Mu 1888, kampuni ya British South Africa Company (BSA Company), eyakulemberwa Cecil Rhodes, yafuna olukusa okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka okuva ku Litunga ow'abantu ba Lozi, omukulu w'essaza ly'abantu ba Lozi (Ba-rotse) mu kitundu ekyafuuka Barotziland-North-Western Rhodesia.<ref name="livingstone">{{cite web |author=Livingstone Tourism Association |title=Destination:Zambia&nbsp;– History and Culture |url=http://www.livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012153527/http://livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> Ebuvanjuba, mu Gwekkumineebiri 1897 ekibinja ky’Abangoni oba Abangoni (abaasibuka mu Zululand) beekalakaasa nga bakulemberwa Tsinco, mutabani wa Kabaka Mpezeni, naye obujeemu bwakomezebwawo,<ref name="unam">{{cite web |author1=Human Rights |author2=Documentation Centre |name-list-style=amp |title=Zambia: Historical Background |url=http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311093653/http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-date=11 March 2007 |access-date=14 January 2011}}</ref> era Mpezeni n’akkiriza Pax Britannica. Ekitundu ky’eggwanga ekyo kyatandika okumanyibwa nga Rhodesia ey'omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba. Mu 1895, Rhodes yasaba omusikawutu wa Omumerika Frederick Russell Burnham okunoonya eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka n’engeri y’okulongoosaamu entambula y’emigga mu kitundu ekyo, era mu lugendo luno mwe mwazuulibwa Frederick Russell Burnham eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka bingi ku mugga Kafue.<ref name="burnham1899">{{cite book |last=Burnham |first=Frederick Russell |author-link=Frederick Russell Burnham |year=1899 |title=Bulawayo Up-to-date; Being a General Sketch of Rhodesia |title-link=s:Northern Rhodesia |publisher=Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co. |editor-last=Wills |editor-first=Walter H. |pages=177–180 |chapter=Northern Rhodesia}}</ref> '''Obufuzi bw'amatwale ga Bungereza''' Mu 1953, okutondebwawo kwa Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland z'agatta wamu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono ne Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo, ne Nyasaland (kati Malawi) ng’ekitundu kimu ekyetongodde. Kino kyakolebwa wadde nga waaliwo okuwakanyizibwa okuva mu bantu abatono, abaakola okwekalakaasa okwaliwo mu 1960–61.<ref name="infoplease">{{cite web |author=Pearson Education |title=Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Federation of |url=http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012231959/http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> '''Obwetwaaze''' Omukago gwasaanyizibwawo nga 31 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, era mu Gwoluberyeberye 1964, Kaunda yawangula akalulu k'Obwaminisita bwa Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono. Gavana w'amatwale, Sir Evelyn Hone, yali mukwano nnyo gwa Kaunda era yamukubiriza okwesimbawo ku kifo ekyo. Mangu ddala oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, waaliwo okwekalakaasa mu Bukiikakkono bw'eggwanga eryo eryali limanyiddwa nga Lumpa Uprising nga lyali liduumirwa Alice Lenshina – Kaunda's first internal conflict as leader of the nation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2020 |title=Alice Lenshina |url=https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228081501/https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |archive-date=28 February 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=The British Empire}}</ref> Rhodesia yafuuka Republic of Zambia nga 24 Ogwekkumi 1964, nga Kenneth Kaunda ye pulezidenti eyasooka. Ku kufuna obwetwaze, wadde nga yalina ebyobugagga eby'omu ttaka ebingi, Zambia yasanga okusoomoozebwa okw'amaanyi. Munda mu ggwanga, waaliwo Abazambia abatendeke era abayivu abasukka mu 70,000 abaali basobola okuddukanya gavumenti, era ebyenfuna byali byesigamye nnyo ku bakugu okuva mu mawanga amalala. Obukugu buno bwaweebwa mu ngeri emu oba endala omubaka wa Bungereza mu Zambia John Willson.<ref>[http://www.chu.cam.ac.uk/archives/collections/BDOHP/Willson.pdf WILLSON, John Michael (born 15 July 1931)]{{Dead link|date=June 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}. BDOHP Biographical Details and Interview Index. chu.cam.ac.uk</ref> Waaliwo Abazungu abasukka mu 70,000 ababeera mu Zambia mu 1964, era baasigala nga ba mugaso nnyo mu byenfuna.<ref name="Zambia">{{Cite news|date=1964-10-25|title=1964: President Kaunda takes power in Zambia|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605125604/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-date=5 June 2013|access-date=2025-09-13|url-status=live|language=en-GB}}</ref> Kaunda okuwagira abayeekera ba Patriotic Front abaali bakola obulumbaganyi mu mawanga ag'omuliraano (Bukiikaddyo) Rhodesia kyaleetawo obunkenke mu by'obufuzi era ne kireetawo okukozesa amagye ku nsalo, era kino kyaviirako ensalo okuggalwa mu 1973.<ref name="blackfire">{{cite book |last=Raeburn |first=Michael |year=1978 |title=We are everywhere: Narratives from Rhodesian guerillas |url=https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-0-394-50530-5 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 1–209]}}</ref>Ebbibiro ly'amasannyalaze erya Kariba ku mugga Zambezi lyawa amasannyalaze agamala okukola ku byetaago by'eggwanga eby'amasannyalaze, wadde nga Rhodesia ye yali ekola ku by'amasannyalaze. Nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1978, ennyonyi ey'abantu ba bulijjo, Air Rhodesia Flight 825, yakubibwa amasasi okumpi ne Kariba abayeekera ba Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) abaakulemberwa Joshua Nkomo. Rhodesia yaddamu n'ekikwekweto kya Gatling, okulumba enkambi endala mu Zambia nga bakozesa amaanyi g'ennyonyi n'abajaasi abakugu mu kubuuka mu bbanga n'abajaasi abakugu mu kukozesa ennyonyi.<ref>{{cite web |title=GREEN LEADER. OPERATION GATLING, THE RHODESIAN MILITARY'S RESPONSE TO THE VISCOUNT TRAGEDY |url=http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125155440/http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-date=25 January 2017 |access-date=22 April 2017}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1970, Mozambique ne Angola zaali zifunye obwetwaze okuva ku Portugal. Gavumenti ya Rhodesia eyali esingamu abazungu, eyafulumya Ekirangiriro ky’Obwetwaze mu 1965, yakkiriza obufuzi obw’abantu abangi wansi w’Endagaano ya Lancaster House mu 1979.<ref name="zimstudy">{{cite book |last=Nelson |first=Harold |year=1983 |title=Zimbabwe: A Country Study |publisher=Claitors Publishing Division |isbn=978-0-16-001598-4 |pages=54–137}}</ref> Obukuubagano mu bitundu byombi ebyali bifugibwa Abapotigo n'olutalo lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwa [[Namibia]] byaviirako okuyingira kw'abanoonyi b'obubudamuera ne kyongera ku buzibu bw'ebyentambula. Oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Benguela, olwayita mu [[Angola]], lwaggalwawo ddala eri ebyentambula bya Zambia mu myaka gya 1970 egyali gisembayo. Zambia okuwagira ebibiina ebirwanyisa obusosoze mu mawanga nga African National Congress (ANC) era kyaleetawo obuzibu bw'ebyokwerinda ng'amagye ga South Africa Defence Force galumba ebifo ebitali bimu mu lutalo lw'okulwanyisa obwetwaze bwa Namibia.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Evans, M. |year=1984 |title=The Front-Line States, South Africa and Southern African Security: Military Prospects and Perspectives |url=http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/Journal%20of%20the%20University%20of%20Zimbabwe/vol12n1/juz012001002.pdf |journal=Zambezia |volume=12 |page=1}}</ref> '''Ebizibu by'ebyenfuna''' Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1970, omuwendo gwa kkopa, ekyamaguzi ekikulu ekiva mu Zambia, gwasereba nnyo mu nsi yonna. Mu mbeera ya Zambia, obungi bw'okutambuza kkopa eŋŋendo empanvu okutuuka mu katale kyali kizibu kinene. Zambia yasaba obuyambi okuva mu mawanga ag'ebweru n'ag'ensi yonna, naye, nga bbeeyi ya kkopa esigadde nga yasereba, kyeyongera okubeera ekizibu okusasula amabanja gaayo agaali geeyongera. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1990, wadde nga tewaaliwo kusonyiyibwa mabanja, ebbeyi ya kkopa eyali eva mu Zambia yali emu ku bintu ebyali bisinga okuba eby'ebbeeyi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia (12/08) |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625080205/https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |archive-date=25 June 2020 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> '''Okukola ku nsonga z'abantu''' Mu Gwomukaaga 1990, obwegugungo obwali buwakanya Kaunda bwatandika era abeekalakaasi bangi battibwa gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2020 |title=About Zambia |url=http://www.psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509233410/http://psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-date=9 May 2016 |access-date=20 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bartlett |first=David M. C. |date=2000 |title=Civil Society and Democracy: A Zambian Case Study |journal=Journal of Southern African Studies |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=429–446 |doi=10.1080/030570700750019655 |issn=0305-7070 |jstor=2637411 |s2cid=143480603}}</ref>Mu 1990, Kaunda yawona okulumbibwa amagye, era mu 1991, yakkiriza okuzzaawo enfuga ey'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, oluvannyuma lw'okussaawo enfuga ey'ekibiina ekimu wansi w'akakiiko ka Choma aka 1972. Oluvannyuma lw'okulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, Kaunda yaggyibwa mu woofiisi oluvannyuma lw'okuwangulwa mu kulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi Frederick Chiluba. Mu myaka gya 2000, ebyenfuna byanywerera, ne bituuka ku kweyongera kw'ebbeeyi y'ebintu mu 2006–2007, okweyongera kw'ebyenfuna, okukendeera kw'amagoba, n'okweyongera kw'omutindo gw'ebyobusuubuzi. Bingi ku kukulaakulana kuno kuvudde ku kusiga ensimbi okuva ebweru mu by'okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka n'okweyongera kw'emiwendo gy'ekikomo mu nsi yonna. Bino byonna byaleetera Zambia okusikirizibwa ennyo abagabi b'obuyambi era ne kireetera abasiga nsimbi okwongera okwesiga eggwanga lino. == Ebyobufuzi == Ebyobufuzi mu Zambia bitambulira mu nkola ey'omukulembeze w'eggwanga omukiise mu demokulasiya ow'eggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo, omukulembeze wa Zambia y'akulira eggwanga era akulira gavumenti mu ggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo. Gavumenti ekozesa obuyinza obw'okuteeka mu nkola, ate obuyinza obw'okukola amateeka buweebwa gavumenti ne paalamenti. Zambia yafuuka repubuliki oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu Gwekkumi 1964. Okuva mu 2011 okutuuka mu 2014, pulezidenti wa Zambia yali Michael Sata, okutuusa Sata lwe yafa nga 28 Ogwekkumi 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zambian President Michael Sata dies in London - BBC News|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705073526/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-date=2017-07-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=BBC News|language=en-GB}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Sata, omumyuka wa pulezidenti Guy Scott, Omuzambia ow'ensibuko y'Abasikawutu, yafuuka omukungu akola nga pulezidenti. Okulonda kwa pulezidenti kwaliwo nga 22 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015. Omugatte gw’abantu 11 abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti be beesimbawo mu kulonda era nga 24 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015, kyalangirirwa nti Edgar Chagwa Lungu yali awangudde okulonda okufuuka pulezidenti ow’omukaaga. Yawangula ebitundu 48.33% eby’obululu, ng’obululu 1.66% bwali bumusinga ku munnabyabufuzi akyasinze okuvuganya gavumenti, Hakainde Hichilema, eyafuna ebitundu 46.67%.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Defence Minister Lungu wins Zambia's disputed presidential race|url=http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305065726/http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-date=2016-03-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=Yahoo News|language=en-US}}</ref>Abantu abalala mwenda abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti baafuna obululu obutaweza na bitundu 1% ku bululu bwonna. Mu kulonda pkwaliwo mu Gwomunaana 2016 Zambian general election pulezidenti Edgar Lungu yawangula okulonda okw’omulundi ogw’okubiri. Omukago ogutaba ebibiina by’ebyobufuzi ogwa Patriotic Front (PF) gwagaana ebyali byogerwa ab’oludda oluvuganya gavumenti, UPND party.<ref name="bbc-15aug2016">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|title=Zambia's President Edgar Lungu declared election winner|work=BBC News|date=15 August 2016|access-date=17 May 2021|archive-date=26 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026223033/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021, okwalimu abalonzi 70% ku abo abaali basuubirwa, Hakainde Hichilema yawangula ebitundu 59% eby’obululu, ng’omuvuganya we eyali asingayo okuba ow’amaanyi, Edgar Chagwa Lungu, eyali pulezidenti mu kiseera ekyo, yafuna ebitundu 39% eby’obululu.<ref name="zm-elec-39">{{Cite news|url=https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm|title=Presidential Election Results|work=Electoral Commission of Zambia|date=16 August 2021|access-date=27 December 2021|archive-date=2 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102194510/https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm/}}</ref> Nga 16 Ogwomunaana Edgar Lungu yakkiriza mu kiwandiiko kye yafulumya ku ttivi, ng’aweereza ebbaluwa era ng’ayozayoza pulezidenti omulonde Hakainde Hichilema.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-08-16|title=Zambia election: Hakainde Hichilema beats President Edgar Lungu|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|access-date=2021-08-16|archive-date=24 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824152003/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|last=Kabwe|first=Zitto|author-link=Zitto Kabwe|user=zittokabwe|number=1426967254986629126|date=15 August 2021|title=#Zambia President @EdgarCLungu has conceded in a letter sent to now president elect @HHichilema of @UPNDZM. Once again Zambia has shown the world the level of its democratic maturity. Peaceful transfer of power is happening for third time in history. Congratulations Zambians|language=en|access-date=30 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827180204/https://twitter.com/zittokabwe/status/1426967254986629126|archive-date=27 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomunaana 2021, Hakainde Hichilema yalayizibwa nga pulezidenti wa Zambia omuggya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2021 |title=Zambia's Hakainde Hichilema sworn in as President in rare victory for an African opposition leader |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116213703/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |archive-date=16 November 2021 |access-date=16 November 2021}}</ref> '''Amaggye''' Mu 2019, Zambia yassa omukono ku ndagaano ya UN ekwata ku Kuziyiza eby'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa ebya Nukiriya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2017 |title=Chapter XXVI: Disarmament&nbsp;– No. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806220546/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |archive-date=6 August 2019 |access-date=18 October 2019 |publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection}}</ref> '''Amateeka n'eddembe ly'obuntu''' Gavumenti evunaanye abavumirira nga bakozesa ebigambo by'amateeka nti baali bawabya abantu. Amateeka agakwata ku kuwandiika ebintu ebikyamu gakozesebwa okukugira eddembe ly'okwogera ne bannamawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2015 |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225030706/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-date=2021-02-25 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=2009-2017.state.gov}}</ref> Ebikolwa eby'okweganza wakati w'abantu ab'ekikula ekimu kimenya mateeka eri abasajja n'abakazi mu Zambia.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 May 2016 |title=State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition |url=http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902183618/http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |archive-date=2 September 2017 |access-date=29 July 2017 |website=[[International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Daniel|last=Avery|title=71 Countries Where Homosexuality is Illegal|url=https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|work=Newsweek|date=4 April 2019|access-date=18 August 2019|archive-date=11 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211204842/https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|url-status=live}}</ref> Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu 2010 kwalaga nti ebitundu 2% ebya Bannansi ba Zambia bakitwala nti okulya ebisiyaga tekirina buzibu bwonna ku mpisa.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Meyer |first1=Birgit |date=2021 |title=What Is Religion in Africa? Relational Dynamics in an Entangled World |journal=Journal of Religion in Africa |publisher=Brill |volume=50 |issue=1–2 |pages=156–181 |doi=10.1163/15700666-12340184 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2019, kyategeezebwa nti Omubaka wa Amerika mu Zambia Daniel Lewis Foote "yakwatibwa ensisi" olw'engeri Zambia gy'ekuumamu abalyi b'ebisiyaga mu makomera. Oluvannyuma lw'okujulira ne kulema era nga n'abafumbo bano Japhet Chataba ne Steven Samba baasalirwa ekibonerezo kya kusibibwa emyaka 15 mu makomera, Foote yasaba gavumenti ya Zambia okuddamu okwekenneenya omusango guno n'amateeka ga Zambia agalwanyisa ebisiyaga. Foote yafuna obuzibu era n'asazaamu okujja mu bantu oluvannyuma lw'okutiisibwatiisibwa ku mikutu gya yintaneeti, era oluvannyuma lw'okulangirirwa Lungu nti y'omuntu ataagalwa mu ggwanga eryo.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 December 2019 |title=US recalls ambassador to Zambia after gay rights row |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231195603/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |archive-date=31 December 2019 |access-date=12 January 2020 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 2026, gavumenti ya Zambia yavumirirwa olw'okwongezaayo olukiiko olw'amaanyi olw'ensi yonna olw'eddembe ly'obuntu, RightsCon, ennaku musanvu zokka nga tezinnatuuka okubeerawo mu Lusaka. Olukiiko olwo oluvannyuma lwasazibwamu oluvannyuma lw'okumanya nti gavumenti ya Zambia yali esaba, kirabika nga kya kusaba kw'abakungu ba China, okulungamya n'okuggyako aboogezi okuva e Taiwan. Abakugu baayogedde ku kweraliikirira olw'okulondoola n'okweyongera kw'obulabe eri ebitongole by'obwanakyewa.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gault ·|first1=Matthew|title=World's Largest Digital Human Rights Conference Suddenly Canceled|url=https://www.404media.co/rightscon-human-rights-conference-suddenly-postponed/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=404 Media|date=29 April 2026|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Elliott|first1=Vittoria|title=The Chinese Government Just Got the World's Largest Digital Rights Conference Canceled|url=https://www.wired.com/story/the-chinese-government-pressured-zambia-to-cancel-the-worlds-largest-digital-rights-conference/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Wired|date=1 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hendrix|first1=Justin|title=RightsCon Canceled After Zambia Requires 'Full Alignment' With 'National Values'|url=https://www.techpolicy.press/rightscon-canceled-after-zambia-requires-full-alignment-with-national-values/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Tech Policy Press|date=30 April 2026|language=en}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo by'abantu''' Okusinziira ku kubala abantu okwa 2022 mu Zambia, omuwendo gw'abantu mu Zambia gwali 19,610,769.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia's Population up to 19,610,769 in 2022 from 13,092,666 in 2010 – Zambia Statistics Agency |url=https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305022051/https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |archive-date=5 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ebibinja by'abantu ebisinga obunene mu Zambia beebo abayitibwa Bemba obukadde 3.3 (33.6%), Nyanja obukadde 1.8 (18.2%), Tonga obukadde 1.7 (16.8%), Abantu ab’omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba 1,000,000 (10.3%), Abalozii (Barotse) 770,000 (7.8%), Abamabwe 580,000 (5.9%), Abatumbuka 500,000 (5.1%), Abalamba 165,000 (2%), Abayindi 11,900 n’Abazungu 6,200.<ref>{{cite journal |date=2 November 2023 |title=Zambia |url=https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909114747/https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |archive-date=9 September 2023 |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=minorityrights.org}}</ref> Zambia y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubeeramu abantu mu bibuga mu Afirika eri wansi wa Sahara, ng'ebitundu 44% eby'abantu babeera mu bitundu ebisinga okubeeramu entambula, so ng'ate ebyalo birimu abantu batono nnyo. Omuwendo gw'abaana abazaalibwa gwali 6.2 mu 2007 (6.1 mu 1996, 5.9 mu 2001–02).<ref>{{cite web |title=Welcome to the Official site of Zambian Statistics |url=http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113144454/http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-date=13 November 2014 |access-date=11 April 2014 |publisher=Zamstats.gov.zm}}</ref> '''Ebibuga ebisinga obunene''' Okutandika kw'okuyiikuula ekikomo mu makolero ku Copperbelt mu myaka gya 1920 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga. Wadde ng'okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga kwali kuteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, kyali kinene nnyo.[1] Ebibuga ebikolebwamu eby'obugagga ku Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali eteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, yali nnene nnyo.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Potts |first=Deborah |date=2005 |title=Counter-urbanisation on the Zambian Copperbelt? Interpretations and implications |journal=Urban Studies |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=583–609 |bibcode=2005UrbSt..42..583P |doi=10.1080/00420980500060137 |s2cid=154412136}}</ref> Ebibuga ebirimu ebirombe bya Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali y'etoloolera ku gaali z'omukka n'enguudo okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwe bironbe bya kkoppa okuyita mu Kapiri Mposhi, Lusaka, Choma ne Livingstone. '''Ebibinja by'abantu''' Zambia elimu ebika nga 73,<ref name="BritannicaPeople">{{Cite web |title=Zambia – People |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambia/People |access-date=1 October 2024 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref><ref name="epr">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> wadde mu nkola waliwo ebibinja ebitono ebirabika obulungi.[2] Abazambia abasinga boogera Olubantu.<ref name="epr2">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ebibinja ebisinga obunene mu lulimi bye Bemba, Nyanja (era ekiyitibwa Chewa), ne Tonga; ebibinja ebirala ebitali binene nnyo bye Kaonde, Lozi, Luanda, ne Luvale.[2]<ref name="epr" /> Mu 2010, omuwendo gw'abantu gwateeberezebwa okuba ebitundu 21% Bemba, ebitundu 13.6% Tonga, ebitundu 7.4% Chewa, ebitundu 5.7% Lozi, ebitundu 5.3% Nsenga, ebitundu 4.4% Tumbuka, ebitundu 4.0% Ngoni, ne 38.6% abalala.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Bemba kye kisinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkono, Luapula, ne Copperbelt; ekibinja kya Tonga mu bitundu by'Obukiikaddyo, n'eby'Obugwanjuba; n'ekibinja kya Lozi mu bitundu by'Obugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Tumbuka ekitono ennyo kisangibwa mu kiwonvu kya Luangwa mu Buvanjuba.[2] Tewali kibinja ky'abantu aboogera olulimi olumu abasinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ebitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba tebirimu bantu bangi nnyo.<ref name="epr3">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ng’oggyeko olulimi, obuwangwa bukulu mu Zambia.<ref name="epr3" />Obuwangwa buno batera okubukwataganya n’obwesigwa bw’amaka oba n’ab’obuyinza eb'ennono. Obuwangwa buno busengekeddwa mu bibinja by’ennimi ebikulu.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Posner |first=Daniel N. |date=2005-06-06 |title=Institutions and Ethnic Politics in Africa |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-83398-1 |language=en |doi=10.1017/CBO9780511808661 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083432/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |archive-date=2023-03-21}}</ref> Abagwiira, okusingira ddala Abangereza oba Aba South Afrika, wamu n'abamu ku bannansi ba Zambia abeeru Abazungu abava mu Bungereza, babeera nnyo mu Lusaka ne mu Copperbelt mu Bukiikakkono bwa Zambia, gye baba nga bakola mu birombe, mu by'ensimbi n'emirimu emirala egifaananako bwe gityo oba nga bawummudde. Waaliwo Abazungu 70,000 mu Zambia mu 1964, naye bangi okuva olwo bavudde mu ggwanga.<ref name="Zambia" /> Zambia erina abantu abatono naye nga balina omugaso mu byenfuna abava mu Asia, abasinga obungi ku bo Buhindi ne Bachina. Ekibinja kino eky’abantu abatono ky'ekikyasinze okufuga eby’enfuna nga kye kikola ku by’okutunda ebintu. Kiteeberezebwa nti Abachina nga 80,000 be baali babeera mu Zambia mu 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ZAMBIA: Zambians wary of |url=http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910230935/http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-date=2011-09-10 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=IRINnews}}</ref> Mu myaka egiyise, ebikumi n’ebikumi by’abalimi abazungu abaali bagobeddwa mu Zimbabwe baasengukira e Zambia oluvannyuma lw’okuyitibwa gavumenti ya Zambia, okutandika okulima mu matwae g'omu Bukiikaddyo.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zim's Loss, Zam's gain: White Zimbabweans making good in Zambia|date=June 2004|newspaper=The Economist|access-date=28 August 2009|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110215085211/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-date=15 February 2011}}</ref><ref name="Spiegel">{{Cite news|title=Settling in Zambia: Zimbabwe's Displaced Farmers Find a New Home|last=Thielke|first=Thilo|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|date=27 December 2004|access-date=28 August 2009|periodical=[[Der Spiegel]]|archive-date=19 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619050250/http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza okwalebwa ku banoonyi b'obubuddamu mu 2009 ekyakubibwa akakiikio ka America akavunanyizibwa ku banoonyi b'obubudamu n'abagwiira eka U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, Zambia yalina omuwendo gw’abanoonyi b’obubudamu n’abanoonya obubudamu nga bali 88,900. Abanoonyi b’obubudamu abasinga obungi mu ggwanga baava mu Democratic Republic of the Congo (ababundabunda 47,300 okuva mu DRC ng'ababeera mu Zambia mu 2007), Angola (27,100 Bannangola Zambia), Zimbabwe (5,400) ne Rwanda (4,900).<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009">{{cite news|title=World Refugee Survey 2009|publisher=U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants|url=http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211175633/http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-date=11 December 2013}}</ref> Bannansi ba Zambia okutwaliza awamu baaniriza abagwira. Okutandika mu Gwokutaano 2008, omuwendo gw'Abazimbabwe mu Zambia gwatandika okulinnya ennyo; okuyingira kwali kusinga kw'Abazimbabwe abaali babeera mu South Africa abaali badduka obutabanguko obwali mu ggwanga eryo.<ref name="IRIN">{{Cite news|title=Zambia: Rising levels of resentment towards Zimbabweans|date=9 June 2008|access-date=7 August 2023|periodical=[[The New Humanitarian|IRIN News]]|url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2008/06/09/rising-levels-resentment-towards-zimbabweans|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930005909/http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=78648|archive-date=2009-09-30}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Kumpi abanoonyi b'obubudamo 60,000 babeera mu nkambi mu Zambia, ate 50,000 babeera mu bantu ba bulijjo. Abanoonyi b'obubudamo abaagala okukola mu Zambia balina okusaba olukusa saako n'ebiwandiiko ebikukkiriza okukola nga bino biyinza okutwala ddoola 500 buli mwaka.<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009" /> '''Eddiini''' Zambia mu butongole "eggwanga ery'Ekiikuristaayo" wansi wa Ssemateeka w'eggwanga owa 1996, naye essa ekitiibwa mu kukuuma eddembe ly'eddiini n'okusinza.<ref>{{cite web |date=30 June 2008 |title=Constitution of Zambia, 1991(Amended to 1996) |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105055544/http://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |archive-date=5 November 2012 |access-date=18 December 2012 |publisher=Scribd.com}}</ref> Zambia lye ggwanga lyokka mu Afirika erirangirira Obukristaayo ng'eddiini y'eggwanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Haynes |first=N. |date=2021 |title=Taking Dominion in a Christian Nation: North American Political Theology in an African Context |journal=Pneuma |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=214–232 |doi=10.1163/15700747-bja10036 |hdl=20.500.11820/48b556a6-cf81-4058-bf5b-894934a35ca0 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ekitongole kya Zambia ekivunaanyizibwa ku kubala abantu ekya Zambia Statistics Agency mu 2022 kyabalirira nti 98.0% ku Bannazambia Bakristaayo, nga 74.5% Bapulotesitanti, 17.9% Bakatoliki ate 5.6% Bajulirwa ba Yakuwa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2025-07-24 |title=RELIGIOUS LANDSCAPE OF ZAMBIA: AN ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF THE 2022 CENSUS FINDINGS |url=https://www.amulufeblog.com/2025/07/religious-landscape-of-zambia.html |access-date=2026-02-12 |website=Amulufeblog |language=en}}</ref> Enzikiriza z'ekikulisitaayo mu Zambia mulimu Apolotesitante, Abavangelika saako n'Abapentecoote.<ref name=":1" /> Obukristaayo bwatuuka mu Zambia okuyita mu bufuzi bw'amatwale obw'Abazungu, era enjawulo yaakyo ey'ebibiina eby'enjawulo eraga enkyukakyuka mu nkola y'obuminsani; okugeza, Obukatoliki bwava mu Mozambique ey'Abaportugalezi mu Buvanjuba, so ng'Obulokole bwava mu Bungereza mu Bukiikaddyo. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu 1964, Zambia yalaba okweyongera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibiina by'obuminsani ebirala okuva mu bitundu by'ensi ebitali bimu, naddala Amerika ey'Obukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. Mu byasa ebyaddirira, emirimu gy'obuminsani egy'Abazungu egyaddira abakkiriza ab'omu kitundu (okuggyako ebifo ebimu eby'obuminsani, gamba ng'abasawo). Oluvannyuma lwa Frederick Chiluba, Omukulisitaayo Omukristaayo, okufuuka pulezidenti mu 1991, ebibiina by'obuminsani eby'Abazungu byeyongera nnyo okwetooloola Zambia okuva mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu 1964, Zambia yalaba okweyongera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibiina by'obuminsani eby'Abazungu okuva mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani.<ref name="pentecostal">{{cite book |last=Steel |first=Matthew |year=2005 |title=Pentecostalism in Zambia: Power, Authority and the Overcomers |publisher=University of Wales |id=MSc Dissertation}}</ref> Eddiini z'Ekikristaayo ezimu ezirina abagoberezi batono mu nsi yonna zimanyiddwa nnyo mu Zambia. Eggwanga lino lirina abantu abawerako ab'enzikiriza y'eki Adiventi nga mu bibala ku Bazambia 18 osangamu 1 omu Adiventi.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 October 2012 |title=Zambia Union Conference&nbsp;– Adventist Directory |url=http://www.adventistdirectory.org/ViewAdmField.aspx?AdmFieldID=ZAUM |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427045842/https://www.adventistdirectory.org/ViewAdmField.aspx?AdmFieldID=ZAUM |archive-date=27 April 2023 |access-date=18 December 2012 |publisher=Adventistdirectory.org}}</ref> Ekkanisa y'Abalokole eya Central Africa erimu abagoberezi abasukka mu 11,000 mu ggwanga.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lutheran Church of Central Africa: Zambia |url=http://www.celc.info/site/cpage.asp?sec_id=180010197&cpage_id=180031341 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131193035/http://www.celc.info/site/cpage.asp?sec_id=180010197&cpage_id=180031341 |archive-date=31 January 2017 |publisher=Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference}}</ref> Abantu abasukka mu bitundu 12 ku buli kikumi mu Zambia basabira mu Kkanisa ya New Apostostoc Church.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hayashida |first=Nelson Osamu |date=1999 |title=Dreams in the African Literature: The Significance of Dreams and Visions Among Zambian Baptists |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CkNC6-Wmga4C&q=One+in+11+Zambians+is+a+member+of+the+New+Apostolic+Church&pg=PA36 |publisher=Rodopi |isbn=978-90-420-0596-9 |language=en |access-date=3 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518182155/https://books.google.com/books?id=CkNC6-Wmga4C&q=One+in+11+Zambians+is+a+member+of+the+New+Apostolic+Church&pg=PA36#v=snippet&q=One%20in%2011%20Zambians%20is%20a%20member%20of%20the%20New%20Apostolic%20Church&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nga balina abagoberezi abasukka mu kakadde kamu mu emitwalo abiri, eggwanga lirimu ekibiina ky'Abaseveniside ekisinga obunene mu Afirika, okuva ku bantu abasukka mu bukadde mwenda mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Membership figures of the global Church as at the end of 2009: New Apostolic Church International (NAC) |url=http://www.nak.org/news/naci-news/article/16710/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626032545/http://www.nak.org/news/naci-news/article/16710/ |archive-date=26 June 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.nak.org}}</ref> Abantu nga 2.7% ku Bannazambia Basiraamu, abasinga obungi nga Basunni n’abalala abatonotono nga Abaismaili ne Twelver Shia.<ref name="2023RIRF">{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2023-report-on-international-religious-freedom/zambia/ |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=United States Department of State |language=en-US}}</ref> Abasiraamu abali mu Zambia, abalina okubalibwa okw’omulundi ogumu nga 100,000 okusinziira ku kuteebereza okumu okwakolebwa, bazingiramu abanoonyi b’obubudamu okuva e Congo ne [[Somalia]], awamu n’abagwiira okuva mu South Asia ne mu ddungu ly'ebuwalabu abafuuse Bannazambia.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> Abahindu, abasinga obungi nga ba South Asian ancestry, baali nga 10,000 okusinziira ku kuteebereza okumu okwakolebwa, mu 2019.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> Ku ntikko y'akyo mu myaka gya 1960, Abayudaaya abaali mu Zambia abaali bawerera ddala 10,000 ng'abasinga baali basibuka mu Lithuania, Latvia ne Bugirimaani,<ref>{{cite web |last=Tutton |first=Mark |date=19 January 2012 |title=The forgotten story of Zambia's Jewish settlers |url=https://www.cnn.com/2012/01/19/world/africa/zambia-jewish-history/index.html |access-date=17 February 2025 |work=CNN}}</ref>okuva mu 2012 baali batono ddala okusinga Abazambia Abayudaaya ng'abasinga ku bbo baali bawangalira mu Lusaka mu matwale g'Obukiikakkono. Mu Zambia mulimu abantu batono ab'enzikiriza ya Baha ne Buddhists saako ne Sikhs.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> '''Ennimi''' Omuwendo omutuufu ogw'ennimi za Zambia tegumanyiddwa, wadde ng'ebiwandiiko bingi bigamba nti Zambia erina ennimi 73 n’oba/ennimi ez’enjawulo; omuwendo guno guyinza okuba nga guva ku butawulira njawulo wakati w’ennimi n’ennimi ez’enjawulo, nga basinziira ku kuba nti abantu basobola okutegeeragana nga boogera ennimi ez’enjawulo. Okusinziira ku kino, omuwendo gw’ennimi za Zambia guyinza okuba nga guli wakati wa 20 oba 30.[1] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] 82eebjyf0g8izdem8waov2a5e9wi4xe 59350 59349 2026-07-06T16:55:02Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 59350 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Amawanga ga Luba-Lunda oluvannyuma gaakendeera olw'okutunda abaddu mu Atlantic mu Bugwanjuba ne mu Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba ne mu ntalo n'ebibinja ebyali byawuddwa ku bwakabaka. Aba Chokwe, ekibinja ekirina oluganda olw'okumpi ne Luvale era ne kitondebwawo ng'eggwanga lya Lunda satellite, mu kusooka gaakosebwa olw'obwetaavu bwabaddu eri Abazungu, naye bwe baawukana ku bwakabaka, bo bennyini baafuuka batunzi ba baddu abamanyiddwa ennyo, nga batunda abaddu ku mbalama zombi. Abachokwe oluvannyuma baawangulwa amawanga amalala n'Abaportugali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azuonye |first=Chukwuma |date=15 December 1996 |title=Chokwe: (Angola, Zambia) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ejao3vG6nfsC&pg=PA11 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-1990-1 |language=en}}</ref> Obutali butebenkevu buno bwaviirako okugwa kw'obwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'abantu okusaasaanira mu bitundu bya Zambia eby'enjawulo okuva mu Democratic Republic of the Congo. Abazambia abasinga obungi balina obuzaale mu bwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'obwakabaka obulala obuli mu Masekkati ga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1200, ng’eggwanga lya Luba-Lunda terinnatandikibwawo, ekibinja ky’aba Bantu baatandika okusenguka okuva mu Congo Basin okudda ku Nnyanja Mweru ate oluvannyuma ne basenga okumpi n’ennyanja Malawi. Abasenze bano balowoozebwa okuba nga baali abamu ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky’e Upemba mu Democratic Republic of Congo. Mu myaka gya 1400, ebibinja by’abasenze bano awamu baayitibwanga Maravi, era nga mu bo mwalimu Abachewa abaatandika okukoppa ebibinja by’aba Bantu nga Tumbuka.<ref name="Team">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 1480 Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwatandikibwawo kalonga (omukulu w'obwakabaka bwa Maravi) okuva mu kika kya Phiri, kimu ku bika ebikulu, ng'ebirala mulimu Banda, Mwale ne Nkhoma. Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwali buva ku Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Enkulaakulana y'ebyobufuzi ey'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi yali efaanana ey'Obwakabaka bwa Luba era kigambibwa nti bwavaayo. Ekyamaguzi ekikulu eky'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi kyali amasanga, agaatundibwanga okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Ekyuma nakyo kyakolebwanga era ne kitundibwa mu nsi endala. Mu myaka gya 1590, Abapotigo baagezaako okweddiza eby'obusuubuzi n’okutunda Maravi mu nsi endala. Okugezaako kuno kwaleetawo obusungu mu Maravi ab’e Lundu, abaasumulula eggye lyabwe erya WaZimba. WaZimba baalumba ebibuga by’Abapotigo eby’obusuubuzi nga Tete, Sena n’ebibuga ebirala bingi.<ref name="thinkafrica.net">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Abamaravi nabo bateeberezebwa okuba nga baaleeta obulombolombo obwandifuuse ekibiina kya Nyau eky'ekyama okuva e Upemba. Aba Nyau be bakola ku nzikiriza oba eddiini y'obuwangwa ey'abantu b'omu Maravi. Ekibiina kya Nyau kirimu okuzina okw'obulombolombo n'obukookolo obukozesebwa mu kuzina; enzikiriza eno yasaasaana okwetooloola ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maptia |title=The Secret Cult of Nyau Dancers |url=https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108130415/https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-date=8 November 2020 |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=Maptia |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwakendeera olw'enkaayana ezikwata ku busika mu mukago, okulumbibwa Ngoni n'okulumba abaddu okuva mu Yao.<ref name="thinkafrica.net2">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa ne Mfecane''' Ng'Obwakabaka bwa Great Zimbabwe bwali bukendedde, omu ku balangira baabwo, Nyatsimba Mutota, yava mu ggwanga n'atandikawo obwakabaka obupya obuyitibwa Mutapa. Ekitiibwa kya Mwene Mutapa, ekitegeeza "Omulumbaganyi w'Ensi", kyamuweebwa era n'abafuzi abaddirira.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mwene Matapa {{!}} historical dynastic title, southern Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520141810/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |archive-date=20 May 2023 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwafuganga ekitundu ekiri wakati w’Omugga Zambezi n’Omugga Limpopo, mu kitundu ekiriwo kati ekiyitibwa Zambia, Zimbabwe ne Mozambique, okuva mu kyasa ekya 14 okutuusa mu kyasa ekya 17. Mu ntikko yaabwo, Mutapa yali awambye ekitundu kya Dande eky’Omugga Tonga ne Tavara. Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwasinganga kwetaba mu by’obusuubuzi okusomoka Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okutuuka mu mawanga ag’omu Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Okufaananako abantu abaaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu mu Maravi, Mutapa yalina obuzibu n’abasuubuzi Abapotigo abaali bazze. Obutategeeragana buno we bwatuukira ku ntikko, Abapotigo baali bagezezzaako okukyusa mu nsonga z’omunda mu bwakabaka nga batandikawo obutale mu bwakabaka era nga bakyusa abantu okubayingiza Obukristaayo. Ekikolwa kino kyaleetawo obusungu mu Basiraamu AbaSwahili abaali babeera mu kibuga ekikulu, akavuyo kano kaawa Abapotigo ensonga gye baali banoonya okulumba obwakabaka era bagezeeko okufuga ebirombe by'abwo ebya zaabu n'enguudo awayitira amasanga. Obulumbaganyi buno bwagwa butaka Abapotigo bwe baalumbibwa endwadde nga bayita ku mugga Zambezi.<ref name="Mutapa">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1600 enkaayana ez'omunda n'olutalo lw'omunda byatandika okukendeera kwa Mutapa. Obwakabaka obwali bunafuye bwawangulwa Abapotigo era oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera bwatwalibwa amawanga ga Shona bwe baali bawalangana.<ref name="Mutapa2">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Abapotigo nabo baalina ettaka ddene, eryali limanyiddwa nga Prazos, era baakozesanga abaddu n'abaali abaddu ng'abakuumi n'abayizzi. Baatendekanga abasajja mu bukodyo bw'amagye era ne babawa emmundu. Abasajja bano baafuuka abayizzi b'enjovu abakugu era baali bamanyiddwa nga ba Chikunda. Oluvannyuma lw'okukendeera kw'Abapotigo, Chikunda baasobola okwesolossa munda mu Zambia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2019 |title=Chikunda |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227184451/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |archive-date=27 February 2021 |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Portugal okubeera mu kitundu ekyo kyali nsonga lwaki obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwatandikibwawo, eggwanga eryali lyetongodde ku Mutapa. Omukulembeze w'obwakabaka bwa Rozvi, Changamire Dombo, yafuuka omu ku bakulembeze abasingayo amaanyi mu byafaayo bya South-Central Africa. Wansi w'obukulembeze bwe, obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwawangula Abapotigo ne babaggya mu bifo mwe baali bakolera bizineesi ku mugga Zambezi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rozwi {{!}} historical state, Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125203243/https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |archive-date=25 January 2021 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Naye oboolyawo ekyokulabirako ekisinga okumanyibwa mu kino okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti kwe kweyongera kw’Abazulu wansi w’obukulembeze bwa Shaka. Okupikirizibwa okuva eri Abangereza abafuzi b’amatwale mu Cape ne okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti mu Bazulu kyavaako Mfecane (okunyigirizibwa). Abazulu beeyongera nga bayingiza abakazi n’abaana b’ebika bye baawangula, singa abasajja b’ebika bino ebya Nguni baawona okuttibwa, baakozesa obukodyo bw’amagye obw’Abazulu okulumba ebibinja ebirala.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Kino kyaviirako abantu bangi okusenguka, entalo n'obulumbaganyi mu Bukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati ne mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika nga ab'ekika kya Nguni oba Ngoni nga bakulembeddwamu Zwagendaba baasomoka omugga Zambezi nga batambulira mu Bukiikakkono. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni be baakuba ekibuga Maravi Empire ekyali kinafuye. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni abasinga obungi baasenga mu kitundu ekyali Zambia, [[Malawi]], [[Mozambique]] ne [[Tanzania]] era ne beegatta ku bika ebyali mu kitundu ekyo.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history2">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Zambia, ekibinja ekirala eky’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Afirika eky’Abasotho-Tswana abava mu Luba ne Lunda ezaagwa edda abayitibwa Abaluyana baawamba Kololo ne bamussaako olulimi Olukololo okutuusa Abaluyana lwe beekalakaasa ne baggyako Kololo mu kiseera kino olulimi Olukololo lwali lwerabiddwa era olulimi olupya olugattiddwa lwe lwavaamu, SiLozi era Abaluyana baatandika okweyita Abalozi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lozi {{!}} people |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528092724/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |archive-date=28 May 2023 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kya 18, Abamu ku Mbunda baasengukira mu Barotseland, Mongu oluvannyuma lw'okusenguka kw'abantu abalala, nga muno mwe muli, Ciyengele.<ref>'' The elites of Barotseland, 1878–1969: a political history of Zambia's Western Province'': a. Gerald L. Caplan, C. Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd, 1970, {{ISBN|0-900966-38-6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=maniacky |first=jacky |title=bantu zone K |url=http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140411045127/http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-date=2014-04-11 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.bantu-languages.com}}</ref> '''Ekiseera ky'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' '''Abazungu''' Omu ku Bulaaya abaasooka okuwandiikibwa nga baakyalako mu kitundu kino yali omuvumbuzi Omupotigo Francisco de Lacerda ku nkomerero y'ekyasa ekya 18. Lacerda yakulemberamu ekibinja ky'abavumbuzi okuva e Mozambique okutuuka mu kitundu ky'e Kazembe mu Zambia (nga balina ekiruubirirwa eky'okuvumbula n'okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa okuva ku lubalama lw'ennyanja okutuuka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja omulundi ogusooka),<ref>{{cite web |year=1798 |title=Instructions and Travel Diary that Governor Francisco Joze de Lacerda e Almeida Wrote about His Travel to the Center of Africa, Going to the River of Sena, in the Year of 1798 |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905135844/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |archive-date=5 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Library of Congress}}</ref> era n'afa mu kiseera ky'olugendo mu 1798. Olugendo luno okuva olwo lwakulemberwamu mukwano gwe Francisco Pinto.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hartnett |first=Craig |title=Portuguese Expedition to Northern Rhodesia, 1798–99 |url=http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924023553/http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Great North Road (GNR, Northern Rhodesia, Zambia) |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ekitundu kino, ekisangibwa wakati wa Mozambique ne [[Angola]], kyali kigambibwa nti kyali kya Bupotugo mu kiseera ekyo. Abalala abava mu Bulaaya baagoberera mu kyasa 19. Eyasinga okumanyika mu bano yali David Livingstone, eyalina okwolesebwa okw'okukomya okusuubula abaddu ng'ayita mu "3Cs": Obukristaayo, Ebyobusuubuzi, n'Obuwangwa. Ye Muzungu eyasooka okulaba ebisulo by'amazzi ebyewuunyisa ku Mugga Zambezi mu 1855, n'abyogerako bw'ati: "Ebifo ebirabika obulungi bityo biteekwa okuba nga byatunuulirwa bamalayika mu kudduka kwabwe".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Livingstone Discovers Victoria Falls, 1855 |url=http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522092057/http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |archive-date=22 May 2020 |access-date=28 May 2020 |website=EyeWitness to History}}</ref> Mu kitundu kino ebiyiriro bimanyiddwa nga "Mosi-o-Tunya" oba "omukka ogubwatuka" mu lulimi Lozi oba Kololo. Ekibuga Livingstone, okumpi n'ebiyiriro, kiyitibwa erinnya lye. Emboozi ezikwata ku ŋŋendo ze zaali zimanyiddwa nnyo ne kiviirako abagenyi bangi okuva mu Bulaaya, abaminsani, n'abasuubuzi oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwe mu 1873.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627015544/https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-date=27 June 2020 |website=The Provincial Administration Website}}</ref> '''Kampuni ya British South Africa Company''' Mu 1888, kampuni ya British South Africa Company (BSA Company), eyakulemberwa Cecil Rhodes, yafuna olukusa okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka okuva ku Litunga ow'abantu ba Lozi, omukulu w'essaza ly'abantu ba Lozi (Ba-rotse) mu kitundu ekyafuuka Barotziland-North-Western Rhodesia.<ref name="livingstone">{{cite web |author=Livingstone Tourism Association |title=Destination:Zambia&nbsp;– History and Culture |url=http://www.livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012153527/http://livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> Ebuvanjuba, mu Gwekkumineebiri 1897 ekibinja ky’Abangoni oba Abangoni (abaasibuka mu Zululand) beekalakaasa nga bakulemberwa Tsinco, mutabani wa Kabaka Mpezeni, naye obujeemu bwakomezebwawo,<ref name="unam">{{cite web |author1=Human Rights |author2=Documentation Centre |name-list-style=amp |title=Zambia: Historical Background |url=http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311093653/http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-date=11 March 2007 |access-date=14 January 2011}}</ref> era Mpezeni n’akkiriza Pax Britannica. Ekitundu ky’eggwanga ekyo kyatandika okumanyibwa nga Rhodesia ey'omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba. Mu 1895, Rhodes yasaba omusikawutu wa Omumerika Frederick Russell Burnham okunoonya eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka n’engeri y’okulongoosaamu entambula y’emigga mu kitundu ekyo, era mu lugendo luno mwe mwazuulibwa Frederick Russell Burnham eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka bingi ku mugga Kafue.<ref name="burnham1899">{{cite book |last=Burnham |first=Frederick Russell |author-link=Frederick Russell Burnham |year=1899 |title=Bulawayo Up-to-date; Being a General Sketch of Rhodesia |title-link=s:Northern Rhodesia |publisher=Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co. |editor-last=Wills |editor-first=Walter H. |pages=177–180 |chapter=Northern Rhodesia}}</ref> '''Obufuzi bw'amatwale ga Bungereza''' Mu 1953, okutondebwawo kwa Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland z'agatta wamu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono ne Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo, ne Nyasaland (kati Malawi) ng’ekitundu kimu ekyetongodde. Kino kyakolebwa wadde nga waaliwo okuwakanyizibwa okuva mu bantu abatono, abaakola okwekalakaasa okwaliwo mu 1960–61.<ref name="infoplease">{{cite web |author=Pearson Education |title=Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Federation of |url=http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012231959/http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> '''Obwetwaaze''' Omukago gwasaanyizibwawo nga 31 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, era mu Gwoluberyeberye 1964, Kaunda yawangula akalulu k'Obwaminisita bwa Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono. Gavana w'amatwale, Sir Evelyn Hone, yali mukwano nnyo gwa Kaunda era yamukubiriza okwesimbawo ku kifo ekyo. Mangu ddala oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, waaliwo okwekalakaasa mu Bukiikakkono bw'eggwanga eryo eryali limanyiddwa nga Lumpa Uprising nga lyali liduumirwa Alice Lenshina – Kaunda's first internal conflict as leader of the nation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2020 |title=Alice Lenshina |url=https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228081501/https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |archive-date=28 February 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=The British Empire}}</ref> Rhodesia yafuuka Republic of Zambia nga 24 Ogwekkumi 1964, nga Kenneth Kaunda ye pulezidenti eyasooka. Ku kufuna obwetwaze, wadde nga yalina ebyobugagga eby'omu ttaka ebingi, Zambia yasanga okusoomoozebwa okw'amaanyi. Munda mu ggwanga, waaliwo Abazambia abatendeke era abayivu abasukka mu 70,000 abaali basobola okuddukanya gavumenti, era ebyenfuna byali byesigamye nnyo ku bakugu okuva mu mawanga amalala. Obukugu buno bwaweebwa mu ngeri emu oba endala omubaka wa Bungereza mu Zambia John Willson.<ref>[http://www.chu.cam.ac.uk/archives/collections/BDOHP/Willson.pdf WILLSON, John Michael (born 15 July 1931)]{{Dead link|date=June 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}. BDOHP Biographical Details and Interview Index. chu.cam.ac.uk</ref> Waaliwo Abazungu abasukka mu 70,000 ababeera mu Zambia mu 1964, era baasigala nga ba mugaso nnyo mu byenfuna.<ref name="Zambia">{{Cite news|date=1964-10-25|title=1964: President Kaunda takes power in Zambia|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605125604/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-date=5 June 2013|access-date=2025-09-13|url-status=live|language=en-GB}}</ref> Kaunda okuwagira abayeekera ba Patriotic Front abaali bakola obulumbaganyi mu mawanga ag'omuliraano (Bukiikaddyo) Rhodesia kyaleetawo obunkenke mu by'obufuzi era ne kireetawo okukozesa amagye ku nsalo, era kino kyaviirako ensalo okuggalwa mu 1973.<ref name="blackfire">{{cite book |last=Raeburn |first=Michael |year=1978 |title=We are everywhere: Narratives from Rhodesian guerillas |url=https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-0-394-50530-5 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 1–209]}}</ref>Ebbibiro ly'amasannyalaze erya Kariba ku mugga Zambezi lyawa amasannyalaze agamala okukola ku byetaago by'eggwanga eby'amasannyalaze, wadde nga Rhodesia ye yali ekola ku by'amasannyalaze. Nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1978, ennyonyi ey'abantu ba bulijjo, Air Rhodesia Flight 825, yakubibwa amasasi okumpi ne Kariba abayeekera ba Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) abaakulemberwa Joshua Nkomo. Rhodesia yaddamu n'ekikwekweto kya Gatling, okulumba enkambi endala mu Zambia nga bakozesa amaanyi g'ennyonyi n'abajaasi abakugu mu kubuuka mu bbanga n'abajaasi abakugu mu kukozesa ennyonyi.<ref>{{cite web |title=GREEN LEADER. OPERATION GATLING, THE RHODESIAN MILITARY'S RESPONSE TO THE VISCOUNT TRAGEDY |url=http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125155440/http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-date=25 January 2017 |access-date=22 April 2017}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1970, Mozambique ne Angola zaali zifunye obwetwaze okuva ku Portugal. Gavumenti ya Rhodesia eyali esingamu abazungu, eyafulumya Ekirangiriro ky’Obwetwaze mu 1965, yakkiriza obufuzi obw’abantu abangi wansi w’Endagaano ya Lancaster House mu 1979.<ref name="zimstudy">{{cite book |last=Nelson |first=Harold |year=1983 |title=Zimbabwe: A Country Study |publisher=Claitors Publishing Division |isbn=978-0-16-001598-4 |pages=54–137}}</ref> Obukuubagano mu bitundu byombi ebyali bifugibwa Abapotigo n'olutalo lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwa [[Namibia]] byaviirako okuyingira kw'abanoonyi b'obubudamuera ne kyongera ku buzibu bw'ebyentambula. Oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Benguela, olwayita mu [[Angola]], lwaggalwawo ddala eri ebyentambula bya Zambia mu myaka gya 1970 egyali gisembayo. Zambia okuwagira ebibiina ebirwanyisa obusosoze mu mawanga nga African National Congress (ANC) era kyaleetawo obuzibu bw'ebyokwerinda ng'amagye ga South Africa Defence Force galumba ebifo ebitali bimu mu lutalo lw'okulwanyisa obwetwaze bwa Namibia.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Evans, M. |year=1984 |title=The Front-Line States, South Africa and Southern African Security: Military Prospects and Perspectives |url=http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/Journal%20of%20the%20University%20of%20Zimbabwe/vol12n1/juz012001002.pdf |journal=Zambezia |volume=12 |page=1}}</ref> '''Ebizibu by'ebyenfuna''' Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1970, omuwendo gwa kkopa, ekyamaguzi ekikulu ekiva mu Zambia, gwasereba nnyo mu nsi yonna. Mu mbeera ya Zambia, obungi bw'okutambuza kkopa eŋŋendo empanvu okutuuka mu katale kyali kizibu kinene. Zambia yasaba obuyambi okuva mu mawanga ag'ebweru n'ag'ensi yonna, naye, nga bbeeyi ya kkopa esigadde nga yasereba, kyeyongera okubeera ekizibu okusasula amabanja gaayo agaali geeyongera. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1990, wadde nga tewaaliwo kusonyiyibwa mabanja, ebbeyi ya kkopa eyali eva mu Zambia yali emu ku bintu ebyali bisinga okuba eby'ebbeeyi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia (12/08) |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625080205/https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |archive-date=25 June 2020 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> '''Okukola ku nsonga z'abantu''' Mu Gwomukaaga 1990, obwegugungo obwali buwakanya Kaunda bwatandika era abeekalakaasi bangi battibwa gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2020 |title=About Zambia |url=http://www.psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509233410/http://psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-date=9 May 2016 |access-date=20 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bartlett |first=David M. C. |date=2000 |title=Civil Society and Democracy: A Zambian Case Study |journal=Journal of Southern African Studies |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=429–446 |doi=10.1080/030570700750019655 |issn=0305-7070 |jstor=2637411 |s2cid=143480603}}</ref>Mu 1990, Kaunda yawona okulumbibwa amagye, era mu 1991, yakkiriza okuzzaawo enfuga ey'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, oluvannyuma lw'okussaawo enfuga ey'ekibiina ekimu wansi w'akakiiko ka Choma aka 1972. Oluvannyuma lw'okulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, Kaunda yaggyibwa mu woofiisi oluvannyuma lw'okuwangulwa mu kulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi Frederick Chiluba. Mu myaka gya 2000, ebyenfuna byanywerera, ne bituuka ku kweyongera kw'ebbeeyi y'ebintu mu 2006–2007, okweyongera kw'ebyenfuna, okukendeera kw'amagoba, n'okweyongera kw'omutindo gw'ebyobusuubuzi. Bingi ku kukulaakulana kuno kuvudde ku kusiga ensimbi okuva ebweru mu by'okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka n'okweyongera kw'emiwendo gy'ekikomo mu nsi yonna. Bino byonna byaleetera Zambia okusikirizibwa ennyo abagabi b'obuyambi era ne kireetera abasiga nsimbi okwongera okwesiga eggwanga lino. == Ebyobufuzi == Ebyobufuzi mu Zambia bitambulira mu nkola ey'omukulembeze w'eggwanga omukiise mu demokulasiya ow'eggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo, omukulembeze wa Zambia y'akulira eggwanga era akulira gavumenti mu ggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo. Gavumenti ekozesa obuyinza obw'okuteeka mu nkola, ate obuyinza obw'okukola amateeka buweebwa gavumenti ne paalamenti. Zambia yafuuka repubuliki oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu Gwekkumi 1964. Okuva mu 2011 okutuuka mu 2014, pulezidenti wa Zambia yali Michael Sata, okutuusa Sata lwe yafa nga 28 Ogwekkumi 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zambian President Michael Sata dies in London - BBC News|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705073526/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-date=2017-07-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=BBC News|language=en-GB}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Sata, omumyuka wa pulezidenti Guy Scott, Omuzambia ow'ensibuko y'Abasikawutu, yafuuka omukungu akola nga pulezidenti. Okulonda kwa pulezidenti kwaliwo nga 22 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015. Omugatte gw’abantu 11 abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti be beesimbawo mu kulonda era nga 24 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015, kyalangirirwa nti Edgar Chagwa Lungu yali awangudde okulonda okufuuka pulezidenti ow’omukaaga. Yawangula ebitundu 48.33% eby’obululu, ng’obululu 1.66% bwali bumusinga ku munnabyabufuzi akyasinze okuvuganya gavumenti, Hakainde Hichilema, eyafuna ebitundu 46.67%.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Defence Minister Lungu wins Zambia's disputed presidential race|url=http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305065726/http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-date=2016-03-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=Yahoo News|language=en-US}}</ref>Abantu abalala mwenda abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti baafuna obululu obutaweza na bitundu 1% ku bululu bwonna. Mu kulonda pkwaliwo mu Gwomunaana 2016 Zambian general election pulezidenti Edgar Lungu yawangula okulonda okw’omulundi ogw’okubiri. Omukago ogutaba ebibiina by’ebyobufuzi ogwa Patriotic Front (PF) gwagaana ebyali byogerwa ab’oludda oluvuganya gavumenti, UPND party.<ref name="bbc-15aug2016">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|title=Zambia's President Edgar Lungu declared election winner|work=BBC News|date=15 August 2016|access-date=17 May 2021|archive-date=26 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026223033/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021, okwalimu abalonzi 70% ku abo abaali basuubirwa, Hakainde Hichilema yawangula ebitundu 59% eby’obululu, ng’omuvuganya we eyali asingayo okuba ow’amaanyi, Edgar Chagwa Lungu, eyali pulezidenti mu kiseera ekyo, yafuna ebitundu 39% eby’obululu.<ref name="zm-elec-39">{{Cite news|url=https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm|title=Presidential Election Results|work=Electoral Commission of Zambia|date=16 August 2021|access-date=27 December 2021|archive-date=2 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102194510/https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm/}}</ref> Nga 16 Ogwomunaana Edgar Lungu yakkiriza mu kiwandiiko kye yafulumya ku ttivi, ng’aweereza ebbaluwa era ng’ayozayoza pulezidenti omulonde Hakainde Hichilema.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-08-16|title=Zambia election: Hakainde Hichilema beats President Edgar Lungu|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|access-date=2021-08-16|archive-date=24 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824152003/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|last=Kabwe|first=Zitto|author-link=Zitto Kabwe|user=zittokabwe|number=1426967254986629126|date=15 August 2021|title=#Zambia President @EdgarCLungu has conceded in a letter sent to now president elect @HHichilema of @UPNDZM. Once again Zambia has shown the world the level of its democratic maturity. Peaceful transfer of power is happening for third time in history. Congratulations Zambians|language=en|access-date=30 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827180204/https://twitter.com/zittokabwe/status/1426967254986629126|archive-date=27 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomunaana 2021, Hakainde Hichilema yalayizibwa nga pulezidenti wa Zambia omuggya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2021 |title=Zambia's Hakainde Hichilema sworn in as President in rare victory for an African opposition leader |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116213703/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |archive-date=16 November 2021 |access-date=16 November 2021}}</ref> '''Amaggye''' Mu 2019, Zambia yassa omukono ku ndagaano ya UN ekwata ku Kuziyiza eby'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa ebya Nukiriya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2017 |title=Chapter XXVI: Disarmament&nbsp;– No. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806220546/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |archive-date=6 August 2019 |access-date=18 October 2019 |publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection}}</ref> '''Amateeka n'eddembe ly'obuntu''' Gavumenti evunaanye abavumirira nga bakozesa ebigambo by'amateeka nti baali bawabya abantu. Amateeka agakwata ku kuwandiika ebintu ebikyamu gakozesebwa okukugira eddembe ly'okwogera ne bannamawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2015 |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225030706/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-date=2021-02-25 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=2009-2017.state.gov}}</ref> Ebikolwa eby'okweganza wakati w'abantu ab'ekikula ekimu kimenya mateeka eri abasajja n'abakazi mu Zambia.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 May 2016 |title=State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition |url=http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902183618/http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |archive-date=2 September 2017 |access-date=29 July 2017 |website=[[International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Daniel|last=Avery|title=71 Countries Where Homosexuality is Illegal|url=https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|work=Newsweek|date=4 April 2019|access-date=18 August 2019|archive-date=11 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211204842/https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|url-status=live}}</ref> Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu 2010 kwalaga nti ebitundu 2% ebya Bannansi ba Zambia bakitwala nti okulya ebisiyaga tekirina buzibu bwonna ku mpisa.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Meyer |first1=Birgit |date=2021 |title=What Is Religion in Africa? Relational Dynamics in an Entangled World |journal=Journal of Religion in Africa |publisher=Brill |volume=50 |issue=1–2 |pages=156–181 |doi=10.1163/15700666-12340184 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2019, kyategeezebwa nti Omubaka wa Amerika mu Zambia Daniel Lewis Foote "yakwatibwa ensisi" olw'engeri Zambia gy'ekuumamu abalyi b'ebisiyaga mu makomera. Oluvannyuma lw'okujulira ne kulema era nga n'abafumbo bano Japhet Chataba ne Steven Samba baasalirwa ekibonerezo kya kusibibwa emyaka 15 mu makomera, Foote yasaba gavumenti ya Zambia okuddamu okwekenneenya omusango guno n'amateeka ga Zambia agalwanyisa ebisiyaga. Foote yafuna obuzibu era n'asazaamu okujja mu bantu oluvannyuma lw'okutiisibwatiisibwa ku mikutu gya yintaneeti, era oluvannyuma lw'okulangirirwa Lungu nti y'omuntu ataagalwa mu ggwanga eryo.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 December 2019 |title=US recalls ambassador to Zambia after gay rights row |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231195603/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |archive-date=31 December 2019 |access-date=12 January 2020 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 2026, gavumenti ya Zambia yavumirirwa olw'okwongezaayo olukiiko olw'amaanyi olw'ensi yonna olw'eddembe ly'obuntu, RightsCon, ennaku musanvu zokka nga tezinnatuuka okubeerawo mu Lusaka. Olukiiko olwo oluvannyuma lwasazibwamu oluvannyuma lw'okumanya nti gavumenti ya Zambia yali esaba, kirabika nga kya kusaba kw'abakungu ba China, okulungamya n'okuggyako aboogezi okuva e Taiwan. Abakugu baayogedde ku kweraliikirira olw'okulondoola n'okweyongera kw'obulabe eri ebitongole by'obwanakyewa.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gault ·|first1=Matthew|title=World's Largest Digital Human Rights Conference Suddenly Canceled|url=https://www.404media.co/rightscon-human-rights-conference-suddenly-postponed/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=404 Media|date=29 April 2026|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Elliott|first1=Vittoria|title=The Chinese Government Just Got the World's Largest Digital Rights Conference Canceled|url=https://www.wired.com/story/the-chinese-government-pressured-zambia-to-cancel-the-worlds-largest-digital-rights-conference/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Wired|date=1 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hendrix|first1=Justin|title=RightsCon Canceled After Zambia Requires 'Full Alignment' With 'National Values'|url=https://www.techpolicy.press/rightscon-canceled-after-zambia-requires-full-alignment-with-national-values/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Tech Policy Press|date=30 April 2026|language=en}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo by'abantu''' Okusinziira ku kubala abantu okwa 2022 mu Zambia, omuwendo gw'abantu mu Zambia gwali 19,610,769.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia's Population up to 19,610,769 in 2022 from 13,092,666 in 2010 – Zambia Statistics Agency |url=https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305022051/https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |archive-date=5 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ebibinja by'abantu ebisinga obunene mu Zambia beebo abayitibwa Bemba obukadde 3.3 (33.6%), Nyanja obukadde 1.8 (18.2%), Tonga obukadde 1.7 (16.8%), Abantu ab’omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba 1,000,000 (10.3%), Abalozii (Barotse) 770,000 (7.8%), Abamabwe 580,000 (5.9%), Abatumbuka 500,000 (5.1%), Abalamba 165,000 (2%), Abayindi 11,900 n’Abazungu 6,200.<ref>{{cite journal |date=2 November 2023 |title=Zambia |url=https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909114747/https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |archive-date=9 September 2023 |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=minorityrights.org}}</ref> Zambia y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubeeramu abantu mu bibuga mu Afirika eri wansi wa Sahara, ng'ebitundu 44% eby'abantu babeera mu bitundu ebisinga okubeeramu entambula, so ng'ate ebyalo birimu abantu batono nnyo. Omuwendo gw'abaana abazaalibwa gwali 6.2 mu 2007 (6.1 mu 1996, 5.9 mu 2001–02).<ref>{{cite web |title=Welcome to the Official site of Zambian Statistics |url=http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113144454/http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-date=13 November 2014 |access-date=11 April 2014 |publisher=Zamstats.gov.zm}}</ref> '''Ebibuga ebisinga obunene''' Okutandika kw'okuyiikuula ekikomo mu makolero ku Copperbelt mu myaka gya 1920 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga. Wadde ng'okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga kwali kuteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, kyali kinene nnyo.[1] Ebibuga ebikolebwamu eby'obugagga ku Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali eteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, yali nnene nnyo.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Potts |first=Deborah |date=2005 |title=Counter-urbanisation on the Zambian Copperbelt? Interpretations and implications |journal=Urban Studies |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=583–609 |bibcode=2005UrbSt..42..583P |doi=10.1080/00420980500060137 |s2cid=154412136}}</ref> Ebibuga ebirimu ebirombe bya Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali y'etoloolera ku gaali z'omukka n'enguudo okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwe bironbe bya kkoppa okuyita mu Kapiri Mposhi, Lusaka, Choma ne Livingstone. '''Ebibinja by'abantu''' Zambia elimu ebika nga 73,<ref name="BritannicaPeople">{{Cite web |title=Zambia – People |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambia/People |access-date=1 October 2024 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref><ref name="epr">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> wadde mu nkola waliwo ebibinja ebitono ebirabika obulungi.[2] Abazambia abasinga boogera Olubantu.<ref name="epr2">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ebibinja ebisinga obunene mu lulimi bye Bemba, Nyanja (era ekiyitibwa Chewa), ne Tonga; ebibinja ebirala ebitali binene nnyo bye Kaonde, Lozi, Luanda, ne Luvale.[2]<ref name="epr" /> Mu 2010, omuwendo gw'abantu gwateeberezebwa okuba ebitundu 21% Bemba, ebitundu 13.6% Tonga, ebitundu 7.4% Chewa, ebitundu 5.7% Lozi, ebitundu 5.3% Nsenga, ebitundu 4.4% Tumbuka, ebitundu 4.0% Ngoni, ne 38.6% abalala.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Bemba kye kisinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkono, Luapula, ne Copperbelt; ekibinja kya Tonga mu bitundu by'Obukiikaddyo, n'eby'Obugwanjuba; n'ekibinja kya Lozi mu bitundu by'Obugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Tumbuka ekitono ennyo kisangibwa mu kiwonvu kya Luangwa mu Buvanjuba.[2] Tewali kibinja ky'abantu aboogera olulimi olumu abasinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ebitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba tebirimu bantu bangi nnyo.<ref name="epr3">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ng’oggyeko olulimi, obuwangwa bukulu mu Zambia.<ref name="epr3" />Obuwangwa buno batera okubukwataganya n’obwesigwa bw’amaka oba n’ab’obuyinza eb'ennono. Obuwangwa buno busengekeddwa mu bibinja by’ennimi ebikulu.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Posner |first=Daniel N. |date=2005-06-06 |title=Institutions and Ethnic Politics in Africa |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-83398-1 |language=en |doi=10.1017/CBO9780511808661 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083432/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |archive-date=2023-03-21}}</ref> Abagwiira, okusingira ddala Abangereza oba Aba South Afrika, wamu n'abamu ku bannansi ba Zambia abeeru Abazungu abava mu Bungereza, babeera nnyo mu Lusaka ne mu Copperbelt mu Bukiikakkono bwa Zambia, gye baba nga bakola mu birombe, mu by'ensimbi n'emirimu emirala egifaananako bwe gityo oba nga bawummudde. Waaliwo Abazungu 70,000 mu Zambia mu 1964, naye bangi okuva olwo bavudde mu ggwanga.<ref name="Zambia" /> Zambia erina abantu abatono naye nga balina omugaso mu byenfuna abava mu Asia, abasinga obungi ku bo Buhindi ne Bachina. Ekibinja kino eky’abantu abatono ky'ekikyasinze okufuga eby’enfuna nga kye kikola ku by’okutunda ebintu. Kiteeberezebwa nti Abachina nga 80,000 be baali babeera mu Zambia mu 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ZAMBIA: Zambians wary of |url=http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910230935/http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-date=2011-09-10 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=IRINnews}}</ref> Mu myaka egiyise, ebikumi n’ebikumi by’abalimi abazungu abaali bagobeddwa mu Zimbabwe baasengukira e Zambia oluvannyuma lw’okuyitibwa gavumenti ya Zambia, okutandika okulima mu matwae g'omu Bukiikaddyo.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zim's Loss, Zam's gain: White Zimbabweans making good in Zambia|date=June 2004|newspaper=The Economist|access-date=28 August 2009|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110215085211/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-date=15 February 2011}}</ref><ref name="Spiegel">{{Cite news|title=Settling in Zambia: Zimbabwe's Displaced Farmers Find a New Home|last=Thielke|first=Thilo|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|date=27 December 2004|access-date=28 August 2009|periodical=[[Der Spiegel]]|archive-date=19 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619050250/http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza okwalebwa ku banoonyi b'obubuddamu mu 2009 ekyakubibwa akakiikio ka America akavunanyizibwa ku banoonyi b'obubudamu n'abagwiira eka U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, Zambia yalina omuwendo gw’abanoonyi b’obubudamu n’abanoonya obubudamu nga bali 88,900. Abanoonyi b’obubudamu abasinga obungi mu ggwanga baava mu Democratic Republic of the Congo (ababundabunda 47,300 okuva mu DRC ng'ababeera mu Zambia mu 2007), Angola (27,100 Bannangola Zambia), Zimbabwe (5,400) ne Rwanda (4,900).<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009">{{cite news|title=World Refugee Survey 2009|publisher=U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants|url=http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211175633/http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-date=11 December 2013}}</ref> Bannansi ba Zambia okutwaliza awamu baaniriza abagwira. Okutandika mu Gwokutaano 2008, omuwendo gw'Abazimbabwe mu Zambia gwatandika okulinnya ennyo; okuyingira kwali kusinga kw'Abazimbabwe abaali babeera mu South Africa abaali badduka obutabanguko obwali mu ggwanga eryo.<ref name="IRIN">{{Cite news|title=Zambia: Rising levels of resentment towards Zimbabweans|date=9 June 2008|access-date=7 August 2023|periodical=[[The New Humanitarian|IRIN News]]|url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2008/06/09/rising-levels-resentment-towards-zimbabweans|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930005909/http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=78648|archive-date=2009-09-30}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Kumpi abanoonyi b'obubudamo 60,000 babeera mu nkambi mu Zambia, ate 50,000 babeera mu bantu ba bulijjo. Abanoonyi b'obubudamo abaagala okukola mu Zambia balina okusaba olukusa saako n'ebiwandiiko ebikukkiriza okukola nga bino biyinza okutwala ddoola 500 buli mwaka.<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009" /> '''Eddiini''' Zambia mu butongole "eggwanga ery'Ekiikuristaayo" wansi wa Ssemateeka w'eggwanga owa 1996, naye essa ekitiibwa mu kukuuma eddembe ly'eddiini n'okusinza.<ref>{{cite web |date=30 June 2008 |title=Constitution of Zambia, 1991(Amended to 1996) |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105055544/http://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |archive-date=5 November 2012 |access-date=18 December 2012 |publisher=Scribd.com}}</ref> Zambia lye ggwanga lyokka mu Afirika erirangirira Obukristaayo ng'eddiini y'eggwanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Haynes |first=N. |date=2021 |title=Taking Dominion in a Christian Nation: North American Political Theology in an African Context |journal=Pneuma |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=214–232 |doi=10.1163/15700747-bja10036 |hdl=20.500.11820/48b556a6-cf81-4058-bf5b-894934a35ca0 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ekitongole kya Zambia ekivunaanyizibwa ku kubala abantu ekya Zambia Statistics Agency mu 2022 kyabalirira nti 98.0% ku Bannazambia Bakristaayo, nga 74.5% Bapulotesitanti, 17.9% Bakatoliki ate 5.6% Bajulirwa ba Yakuwa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2025-07-24 |title=RELIGIOUS LANDSCAPE OF ZAMBIA: AN ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF THE 2022 CENSUS FINDINGS |url=https://www.amulufeblog.com/2025/07/religious-landscape-of-zambia.html |access-date=2026-02-12 |website=Amulufeblog |language=en}}</ref> Enzikiriza z'ekikulisitaayo mu Zambia mulimu Apolotesitante, Abavangelika saako n'Abapentecoote.<ref name=":1" /> Obukristaayo bwatuuka mu Zambia okuyita mu bufuzi bw'amatwale obw'Abazungu, era enjawulo yaakyo ey'ebibiina eby'enjawulo eraga enkyukakyuka mu nkola y'obuminsani; okugeza, Obukatoliki bwava mu Mozambique ey'Abaportugalezi mu Buvanjuba, so ng'Obulokole bwava mu Bungereza mu Bukiikaddyo. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu 1964, Zambia yalaba okweyongera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibiina by'obuminsani ebirala okuva mu bitundu by'ensi ebitali bimu, naddala Amerika ey'Obukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. Mu byasa ebyaddirira, emirimu gy'obuminsani egy'Abazungu egyaddira abakkiriza ab'omu kitundu (okuggyako ebifo ebimu eby'obuminsani, gamba ng'abasawo). Oluvannyuma lwa Frederick Chiluba, Omukulisitaayo Omukristaayo, okufuuka pulezidenti mu 1991, ebibiina by'obuminsani eby'Abazungu byeyongera nnyo okwetooloola Zambia okuva mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu 1964, Zambia yalaba okweyongera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibiina by'obuminsani eby'Abazungu okuva mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani.<ref name="pentecostal">{{cite book |last=Steel |first=Matthew |year=2005 |title=Pentecostalism in Zambia: Power, Authority and the Overcomers |publisher=University of Wales |id=MSc Dissertation}}</ref> Eddiini z'Ekikristaayo ezimu ezirina abagoberezi batono mu nsi yonna zimanyiddwa nnyo mu Zambia. Eggwanga lino lirina abantu abawerako ab'enzikiriza y'eki Adiventi nga mu bibala ku Bazambia 18 osangamu 1 omu Adiventi.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 October 2012 |title=Zambia Union Conference&nbsp;– Adventist Directory |url=http://www.adventistdirectory.org/ViewAdmField.aspx?AdmFieldID=ZAUM |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427045842/https://www.adventistdirectory.org/ViewAdmField.aspx?AdmFieldID=ZAUM |archive-date=27 April 2023 |access-date=18 December 2012 |publisher=Adventistdirectory.org}}</ref> Ekkanisa y'Abalokole eya Central Africa erimu abagoberezi abasukka mu 11,000 mu ggwanga.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lutheran Church of Central Africa: Zambia |url=http://www.celc.info/site/cpage.asp?sec_id=180010197&cpage_id=180031341 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131193035/http://www.celc.info/site/cpage.asp?sec_id=180010197&cpage_id=180031341 |archive-date=31 January 2017 |publisher=Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference}}</ref> Abantu abasukka mu bitundu 12 ku buli kikumi mu Zambia basabira mu Kkanisa ya New Apostostoc Church.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hayashida |first=Nelson Osamu |date=1999 |title=Dreams in the African Literature: The Significance of Dreams and Visions Among Zambian Baptists |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CkNC6-Wmga4C&q=One+in+11+Zambians+is+a+member+of+the+New+Apostolic+Church&pg=PA36 |publisher=Rodopi |isbn=978-90-420-0596-9 |language=en |access-date=3 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518182155/https://books.google.com/books?id=CkNC6-Wmga4C&q=One+in+11+Zambians+is+a+member+of+the+New+Apostolic+Church&pg=PA36#v=snippet&q=One%20in%2011%20Zambians%20is%20a%20member%20of%20the%20New%20Apostolic%20Church&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nga balina abagoberezi abasukka mu kakadde kamu mu emitwalo abiri, eggwanga lirimu ekibiina ky'Abaseveniside ekisinga obunene mu Afirika, okuva ku bantu abasukka mu bukadde mwenda mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Membership figures of the global Church as at the end of 2009: New Apostolic Church International (NAC) |url=http://www.nak.org/news/naci-news/article/16710/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626032545/http://www.nak.org/news/naci-news/article/16710/ |archive-date=26 June 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.nak.org}}</ref> Abantu nga 2.7% ku Bannazambia Basiraamu, abasinga obungi nga Basunni n’abalala abatonotono nga Abaismaili ne Twelver Shia.<ref name="2023RIRF">{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2023-report-on-international-religious-freedom/zambia/ |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=United States Department of State |language=en-US}}</ref> Abasiraamu abali mu Zambia, abalina okubalibwa okw’omulundi ogumu nga 100,000 okusinziira ku kuteebereza okumu okwakolebwa, bazingiramu abanoonyi b’obubudamu okuva e Congo ne [[Somalia]], awamu n’abagwiira okuva mu South Asia ne mu ddungu ly'ebuwalabu abafuuse Bannazambia.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> Abahindu, abasinga obungi nga ba South Asian ancestry, baali nga 10,000 okusinziira ku kuteebereza okumu okwakolebwa, mu 2019.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> Ku ntikko y'akyo mu myaka gya 1960, Abayudaaya abaali mu Zambia abaali bawerera ddala 10,000 ng'abasinga baali basibuka mu Lithuania, Latvia ne Bugirimaani,<ref>{{cite web |last=Tutton |first=Mark |date=19 January 2012 |title=The forgotten story of Zambia's Jewish settlers |url=https://www.cnn.com/2012/01/19/world/africa/zambia-jewish-history/index.html |access-date=17 February 2025 |work=CNN}}</ref>okuva mu 2012 baali batono ddala okusinga Abazambia Abayudaaya ng'abasinga ku bbo baali bawangalira mu Lusaka mu matwale g'Obukiikakkono. Mu Zambia mulimu abantu batono ab'enzikiriza ya Baha ne Buddhists saako ne Sikhs.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> '''Ennimi''' Omuwendo omutuufu ogw'ennimi za Zambia tegumanyiddwa, wadde ng'ebiwandiiko bingi bigamba nti Zambia erina ennimi 73 ez’enjawulo; omuwendo guno guyinza okuba nga guva ku butawulira njawulo wakati w’ennimi n’ebigambo ebikozesebwa eby'enjawulo, nga basinziira ku kuba nti abantu basobola okutegeeragana nga boogera ennimi ez’enjawulo. Okusinziira ku kino, omuwendo gw’ennimi za Zambia guyinza okuba nga guli wakati wa 20 oba 30.<ref name="Chanda, Vincent M., and, Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. 2013 1–173">{{Cite book |author1=Chanda, Vincent M. |year=2013 |title=Speak Zambian Languages: Phrase Book in Bemba, Kaonde, Lozi, Luvale, Lunda, Nyanja and Tonga, all in one |author2=Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson |publisher=UNZA Press |isbn=978-9982-03-073-1 |location=Lusaka, Zambia |pages=1–173}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] p3wb9m0x8yd6peylfml0hb99z2lfw2v 59351 59350 2026-07-06T16:57:29Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ekiba 59351 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Amawanga ga Luba-Lunda oluvannyuma gaakendeera olw'okutunda abaddu mu Atlantic mu Bugwanjuba ne mu Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba ne mu ntalo n'ebibinja ebyali byawuddwa ku bwakabaka. Aba Chokwe, ekibinja ekirina oluganda olw'okumpi ne Luvale era ne kitondebwawo ng'eggwanga lya Lunda satellite, mu kusooka gaakosebwa olw'obwetaavu bwabaddu eri Abazungu, naye bwe baawukana ku bwakabaka, bo bennyini baafuuka batunzi ba baddu abamanyiddwa ennyo, nga batunda abaddu ku mbalama zombi. Abachokwe oluvannyuma baawangulwa amawanga amalala n'Abaportugali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azuonye |first=Chukwuma |date=15 December 1996 |title=Chokwe: (Angola, Zambia) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ejao3vG6nfsC&pg=PA11 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-1990-1 |language=en}}</ref> Obutali butebenkevu buno bwaviirako okugwa kw'obwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'abantu okusaasaanira mu bitundu bya Zambia eby'enjawulo okuva mu Democratic Republic of the Congo. Abazambia abasinga obungi balina obuzaale mu bwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'obwakabaka obulala obuli mu Masekkati ga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1200, ng’eggwanga lya Luba-Lunda terinnatandikibwawo, ekibinja ky’aba Bantu baatandika okusenguka okuva mu Congo Basin okudda ku Nnyanja Mweru ate oluvannyuma ne basenga okumpi n’ennyanja Malawi. Abasenze bano balowoozebwa okuba nga baali abamu ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky’e Upemba mu Democratic Republic of Congo. Mu myaka gya 1400, ebibinja by’abasenze bano awamu baayitibwanga Maravi, era nga mu bo mwalimu Abachewa abaatandika okukoppa ebibinja by’aba Bantu nga Tumbuka.<ref name="Team">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 1480 Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwatandikibwawo kalonga (omukulu w'obwakabaka bwa Maravi) okuva mu kika kya Phiri, kimu ku bika ebikulu, ng'ebirala mulimu Banda, Mwale ne Nkhoma. Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwali buva ku Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Enkulaakulana y'ebyobufuzi ey'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi yali efaanana ey'Obwakabaka bwa Luba era kigambibwa nti bwavaayo. Ekyamaguzi ekikulu eky'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi kyali amasanga, agaatundibwanga okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Ekyuma nakyo kyakolebwanga era ne kitundibwa mu nsi endala. Mu myaka gya 1590, Abapotigo baagezaako okweddiza eby'obusuubuzi n’okutunda Maravi mu nsi endala. Okugezaako kuno kwaleetawo obusungu mu Maravi ab’e Lundu, abaasumulula eggye lyabwe erya WaZimba. WaZimba baalumba ebibuga by’Abapotigo eby’obusuubuzi nga Tete, Sena n’ebibuga ebirala bingi.<ref name="thinkafrica.net">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Abamaravi nabo bateeberezebwa okuba nga baaleeta obulombolombo obwandifuuse ekibiina kya Nyau eky'ekyama okuva e Upemba. Aba Nyau be bakola ku nzikiriza oba eddiini y'obuwangwa ey'abantu b'omu Maravi. Ekibiina kya Nyau kirimu okuzina okw'obulombolombo n'obukookolo obukozesebwa mu kuzina; enzikiriza eno yasaasaana okwetooloola ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maptia |title=The Secret Cult of Nyau Dancers |url=https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108130415/https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-date=8 November 2020 |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=Maptia |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwakendeera olw'enkaayana ezikwata ku busika mu mukago, okulumbibwa Ngoni n'okulumba abaddu okuva mu Yao.<ref name="thinkafrica.net2">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa ne Mfecane''' Ng'Obwakabaka bwa Great Zimbabwe bwali bukendedde, omu ku balangira baabwo, Nyatsimba Mutota, yava mu ggwanga n'atandikawo obwakabaka obupya obuyitibwa Mutapa. Ekitiibwa kya Mwene Mutapa, ekitegeeza "Omulumbaganyi w'Ensi", kyamuweebwa era n'abafuzi abaddirira.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mwene Matapa {{!}} historical dynastic title, southern Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520141810/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |archive-date=20 May 2023 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwafuganga ekitundu ekiri wakati w’Omugga Zambezi n’Omugga Limpopo, mu kitundu ekiriwo kati ekiyitibwa Zambia, Zimbabwe ne Mozambique, okuva mu kyasa ekya 14 okutuusa mu kyasa ekya 17. Mu ntikko yaabwo, Mutapa yali awambye ekitundu kya Dande eky’Omugga Tonga ne Tavara. Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwasinganga kwetaba mu by’obusuubuzi okusomoka Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okutuuka mu mawanga ag’omu Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Okufaananako abantu abaaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu mu Maravi, Mutapa yalina obuzibu n’abasuubuzi Abapotigo abaali bazze. Obutategeeragana buno we bwatuukira ku ntikko, Abapotigo baali bagezezzaako okukyusa mu nsonga z’omunda mu bwakabaka nga batandikawo obutale mu bwakabaka era nga bakyusa abantu okubayingiza Obukristaayo. Ekikolwa kino kyaleetawo obusungu mu Basiraamu AbaSwahili abaali babeera mu kibuga ekikulu, akavuyo kano kaawa Abapotigo ensonga gye baali banoonya okulumba obwakabaka era bagezeeko okufuga ebirombe by'abwo ebya zaabu n'enguudo awayitira amasanga. Obulumbaganyi buno bwagwa butaka Abapotigo bwe baalumbibwa endwadde nga bayita ku mugga Zambezi.<ref name="Mutapa">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1600 enkaayana ez'omunda n'olutalo lw'omunda byatandika okukendeera kwa Mutapa. Obwakabaka obwali bunafuye bwawangulwa Abapotigo era oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera bwatwalibwa amawanga ga Shona bwe baali bawalangana.<ref name="Mutapa2">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Abapotigo nabo baalina ettaka ddene, eryali limanyiddwa nga Prazos, era baakozesanga abaddu n'abaali abaddu ng'abakuumi n'abayizzi. Baatendekanga abasajja mu bukodyo bw'amagye era ne babawa emmundu. Abasajja bano baafuuka abayizzi b'enjovu abakugu era baali bamanyiddwa nga ba Chikunda. Oluvannyuma lw'okukendeera kw'Abapotigo, Chikunda baasobola okwesolossa munda mu Zambia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2019 |title=Chikunda |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227184451/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |archive-date=27 February 2021 |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Portugal okubeera mu kitundu ekyo kyali nsonga lwaki obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwatandikibwawo, eggwanga eryali lyetongodde ku Mutapa. Omukulembeze w'obwakabaka bwa Rozvi, Changamire Dombo, yafuuka omu ku bakulembeze abasingayo amaanyi mu byafaayo bya South-Central Africa. Wansi w'obukulembeze bwe, obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwawangula Abapotigo ne babaggya mu bifo mwe baali bakolera bizineesi ku mugga Zambezi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rozwi {{!}} historical state, Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125203243/https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |archive-date=25 January 2021 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Naye oboolyawo ekyokulabirako ekisinga okumanyibwa mu kino okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti kwe kweyongera kw’Abazulu wansi w’obukulembeze bwa Shaka. Okupikirizibwa okuva eri Abangereza abafuzi b’amatwale mu Cape ne okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti mu Bazulu kyavaako Mfecane (okunyigirizibwa). Abazulu beeyongera nga bayingiza abakazi n’abaana b’ebika bye baawangula, singa abasajja b’ebika bino ebya Nguni baawona okuttibwa, baakozesa obukodyo bw’amagye obw’Abazulu okulumba ebibinja ebirala.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Kino kyaviirako abantu bangi okusenguka, entalo n'obulumbaganyi mu Bukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati ne mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika nga ab'ekika kya Nguni oba Ngoni nga bakulembeddwamu Zwagendaba baasomoka omugga Zambezi nga batambulira mu Bukiikakkono. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni be baakuba ekibuga Maravi Empire ekyali kinafuye. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni abasinga obungi baasenga mu kitundu ekyali Zambia, [[Malawi]], [[Mozambique]] ne [[Tanzania]] era ne beegatta ku bika ebyali mu kitundu ekyo.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history2">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Zambia, ekibinja ekirala eky’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Afirika eky’Abasotho-Tswana abava mu Luba ne Lunda ezaagwa edda abayitibwa Abaluyana baawamba Kololo ne bamussaako olulimi Olukololo okutuusa Abaluyana lwe beekalakaasa ne baggyako Kololo mu kiseera kino olulimi Olukololo lwali lwerabiddwa era olulimi olupya olugattiddwa lwe lwavaamu, SiLozi era Abaluyana baatandika okweyita Abalozi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lozi {{!}} people |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528092724/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |archive-date=28 May 2023 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kya 18, Abamu ku Mbunda baasengukira mu Barotseland, Mongu oluvannyuma lw'okusenguka kw'abantu abalala, nga muno mwe muli, Ciyengele.<ref>'' The elites of Barotseland, 1878–1969: a political history of Zambia's Western Province'': a. Gerald L. Caplan, C. Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd, 1970, {{ISBN|0-900966-38-6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=maniacky |first=jacky |title=bantu zone K |url=http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140411045127/http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-date=2014-04-11 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.bantu-languages.com}}</ref> '''Ekiseera ky'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' '''Abazungu''' Omu ku Bulaaya abaasooka okuwandiikibwa nga baakyalako mu kitundu kino yali omuvumbuzi Omupotigo Francisco de Lacerda ku nkomerero y'ekyasa ekya 18. Lacerda yakulemberamu ekibinja ky'abavumbuzi okuva e Mozambique okutuuka mu kitundu ky'e Kazembe mu Zambia (nga balina ekiruubirirwa eky'okuvumbula n'okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa okuva ku lubalama lw'ennyanja okutuuka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja omulundi ogusooka),<ref>{{cite web |year=1798 |title=Instructions and Travel Diary that Governor Francisco Joze de Lacerda e Almeida Wrote about His Travel to the Center of Africa, Going to the River of Sena, in the Year of 1798 |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905135844/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |archive-date=5 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Library of Congress}}</ref> era n'afa mu kiseera ky'olugendo mu 1798. Olugendo luno okuva olwo lwakulemberwamu mukwano gwe Francisco Pinto.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hartnett |first=Craig |title=Portuguese Expedition to Northern Rhodesia, 1798–99 |url=http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924023553/http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Great North Road (GNR, Northern Rhodesia, Zambia) |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ekitundu kino, ekisangibwa wakati wa Mozambique ne [[Angola]], kyali kigambibwa nti kyali kya Bupotugo mu kiseera ekyo. Abalala abava mu Bulaaya baagoberera mu kyasa 19. Eyasinga okumanyika mu bano yali David Livingstone, eyalina okwolesebwa okw'okukomya okusuubula abaddu ng'ayita mu "3Cs": Obukristaayo, Ebyobusuubuzi, n'Obuwangwa. Ye Muzungu eyasooka okulaba ebisulo by'amazzi ebyewuunyisa ku Mugga Zambezi mu 1855, n'abyogerako bw'ati: "Ebifo ebirabika obulungi bityo biteekwa okuba nga byatunuulirwa bamalayika mu kudduka kwabwe".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Livingstone Discovers Victoria Falls, 1855 |url=http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522092057/http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |archive-date=22 May 2020 |access-date=28 May 2020 |website=EyeWitness to History}}</ref> Mu kitundu kino ebiyiriro bimanyiddwa nga "Mosi-o-Tunya" oba "omukka ogubwatuka" mu lulimi Lozi oba Kololo. Ekibuga Livingstone, okumpi n'ebiyiriro, kiyitibwa erinnya lye. Emboozi ezikwata ku ŋŋendo ze zaali zimanyiddwa nnyo ne kiviirako abagenyi bangi okuva mu Bulaaya, abaminsani, n'abasuubuzi oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwe mu 1873.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627015544/https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-date=27 June 2020 |website=The Provincial Administration Website}}</ref> '''Kampuni ya British South Africa Company''' Mu 1888, kampuni ya British South Africa Company (BSA Company), eyakulemberwa Cecil Rhodes, yafuna olukusa okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka okuva ku Litunga ow'abantu ba Lozi, omukulu w'essaza ly'abantu ba Lozi (Ba-rotse) mu kitundu ekyafuuka Barotziland-North-Western Rhodesia.<ref name="livingstone">{{cite web |author=Livingstone Tourism Association |title=Destination:Zambia&nbsp;– History and Culture |url=http://www.livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012153527/http://livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> Ebuvanjuba, mu Gwekkumineebiri 1897 ekibinja ky’Abangoni oba Abangoni (abaasibuka mu Zululand) beekalakaasa nga bakulemberwa Tsinco, mutabani wa Kabaka Mpezeni, naye obujeemu bwakomezebwawo,<ref name="unam">{{cite web |author1=Human Rights |author2=Documentation Centre |name-list-style=amp |title=Zambia: Historical Background |url=http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311093653/http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-date=11 March 2007 |access-date=14 January 2011}}</ref> era Mpezeni n’akkiriza Pax Britannica. Ekitundu ky’eggwanga ekyo kyatandika okumanyibwa nga Rhodesia ey'omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba. Mu 1895, Rhodes yasaba omusikawutu wa Omumerika Frederick Russell Burnham okunoonya eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka n’engeri y’okulongoosaamu entambula y’emigga mu kitundu ekyo, era mu lugendo luno mwe mwazuulibwa Frederick Russell Burnham eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka bingi ku mugga Kafue.<ref name="burnham1899">{{cite book |last=Burnham |first=Frederick Russell |author-link=Frederick Russell Burnham |year=1899 |title=Bulawayo Up-to-date; Being a General Sketch of Rhodesia |title-link=s:Northern Rhodesia |publisher=Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co. |editor-last=Wills |editor-first=Walter H. |pages=177–180 |chapter=Northern Rhodesia}}</ref> '''Obufuzi bw'amatwale ga Bungereza''' Mu 1953, okutondebwawo kwa Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland z'agatta wamu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono ne Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo, ne Nyasaland (kati Malawi) ng’ekitundu kimu ekyetongodde. Kino kyakolebwa wadde nga waaliwo okuwakanyizibwa okuva mu bantu abatono, abaakola okwekalakaasa okwaliwo mu 1960–61.<ref name="infoplease">{{cite web |author=Pearson Education |title=Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Federation of |url=http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012231959/http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> '''Obwetwaaze''' Omukago gwasaanyizibwawo nga 31 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, era mu Gwoluberyeberye 1964, Kaunda yawangula akalulu k'Obwaminisita bwa Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono. Gavana w'amatwale, Sir Evelyn Hone, yali mukwano nnyo gwa Kaunda era yamukubiriza okwesimbawo ku kifo ekyo. Mangu ddala oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, waaliwo okwekalakaasa mu Bukiikakkono bw'eggwanga eryo eryali limanyiddwa nga Lumpa Uprising nga lyali liduumirwa Alice Lenshina – Kaunda's first internal conflict as leader of the nation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2020 |title=Alice Lenshina |url=https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228081501/https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |archive-date=28 February 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=The British Empire}}</ref> Rhodesia yafuuka Republic of Zambia nga 24 Ogwekkumi 1964, nga Kenneth Kaunda ye pulezidenti eyasooka. Ku kufuna obwetwaze, wadde nga yalina ebyobugagga eby'omu ttaka ebingi, Zambia yasanga okusoomoozebwa okw'amaanyi. Munda mu ggwanga, waaliwo Abazambia abatendeke era abayivu abasukka mu 70,000 abaali basobola okuddukanya gavumenti, era ebyenfuna byali byesigamye nnyo ku bakugu okuva mu mawanga amalala. Obukugu buno bwaweebwa mu ngeri emu oba endala omubaka wa Bungereza mu Zambia John Willson.<ref>[http://www.chu.cam.ac.uk/archives/collections/BDOHP/Willson.pdf WILLSON, John Michael (born 15 July 1931)]{{Dead link|date=June 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}. BDOHP Biographical Details and Interview Index. chu.cam.ac.uk</ref> Waaliwo Abazungu abasukka mu 70,000 ababeera mu Zambia mu 1964, era baasigala nga ba mugaso nnyo mu byenfuna.<ref name="Zambia">{{Cite news|date=1964-10-25|title=1964: President Kaunda takes power in Zambia|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605125604/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-date=5 June 2013|access-date=2025-09-13|url-status=live|language=en-GB}}</ref> Kaunda okuwagira abayeekera ba Patriotic Front abaali bakola obulumbaganyi mu mawanga ag'omuliraano (Bukiikaddyo) Rhodesia kyaleetawo obunkenke mu by'obufuzi era ne kireetawo okukozesa amagye ku nsalo, era kino kyaviirako ensalo okuggalwa mu 1973.<ref name="blackfire">{{cite book |last=Raeburn |first=Michael |year=1978 |title=We are everywhere: Narratives from Rhodesian guerillas |url=https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-0-394-50530-5 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 1–209]}}</ref>Ebbibiro ly'amasannyalaze erya Kariba ku mugga Zambezi lyawa amasannyalaze agamala okukola ku byetaago by'eggwanga eby'amasannyalaze, wadde nga Rhodesia ye yali ekola ku by'amasannyalaze. Nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1978, ennyonyi ey'abantu ba bulijjo, Air Rhodesia Flight 825, yakubibwa amasasi okumpi ne Kariba abayeekera ba Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) abaakulemberwa Joshua Nkomo. Rhodesia yaddamu n'ekikwekweto kya Gatling, okulumba enkambi endala mu Zambia nga bakozesa amaanyi g'ennyonyi n'abajaasi abakugu mu kubuuka mu bbanga n'abajaasi abakugu mu kukozesa ennyonyi.<ref>{{cite web |title=GREEN LEADER. OPERATION GATLING, THE RHODESIAN MILITARY'S RESPONSE TO THE VISCOUNT TRAGEDY |url=http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125155440/http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-date=25 January 2017 |access-date=22 April 2017}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1970, Mozambique ne Angola zaali zifunye obwetwaze okuva ku Portugal. Gavumenti ya Rhodesia eyali esingamu abazungu, eyafulumya Ekirangiriro ky’Obwetwaze mu 1965, yakkiriza obufuzi obw’abantu abangi wansi w’Endagaano ya Lancaster House mu 1979.<ref name="zimstudy">{{cite book |last=Nelson |first=Harold |year=1983 |title=Zimbabwe: A Country Study |publisher=Claitors Publishing Division |isbn=978-0-16-001598-4 |pages=54–137}}</ref> Obukuubagano mu bitundu byombi ebyali bifugibwa Abapotigo n'olutalo lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwa [[Namibia]] byaviirako okuyingira kw'abanoonyi b'obubudamuera ne kyongera ku buzibu bw'ebyentambula. Oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Benguela, olwayita mu [[Angola]], lwaggalwawo ddala eri ebyentambula bya Zambia mu myaka gya 1970 egyali gisembayo. Zambia okuwagira ebibiina ebirwanyisa obusosoze mu mawanga nga African National Congress (ANC) era kyaleetawo obuzibu bw'ebyokwerinda ng'amagye ga South Africa Defence Force galumba ebifo ebitali bimu mu lutalo lw'okulwanyisa obwetwaze bwa Namibia.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Evans, M. |year=1984 |title=The Front-Line States, South Africa and Southern African Security: Military Prospects and Perspectives |url=http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/Journal%20of%20the%20University%20of%20Zimbabwe/vol12n1/juz012001002.pdf |journal=Zambezia |volume=12 |page=1}}</ref> '''Ebizibu by'ebyenfuna''' Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1970, omuwendo gwa kkopa, ekyamaguzi ekikulu ekiva mu Zambia, gwasereba nnyo mu nsi yonna. Mu mbeera ya Zambia, obungi bw'okutambuza kkopa eŋŋendo empanvu okutuuka mu katale kyali kizibu kinene. Zambia yasaba obuyambi okuva mu mawanga ag'ebweru n'ag'ensi yonna, naye, nga bbeeyi ya kkopa esigadde nga yasereba, kyeyongera okubeera ekizibu okusasula amabanja gaayo agaali geeyongera. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1990, wadde nga tewaaliwo kusonyiyibwa mabanja, ebbeyi ya kkopa eyali eva mu Zambia yali emu ku bintu ebyali bisinga okuba eby'ebbeeyi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia (12/08) |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625080205/https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |archive-date=25 June 2020 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> '''Okukola ku nsonga z'abantu''' Mu Gwomukaaga 1990, obwegugungo obwali buwakanya Kaunda bwatandika era abeekalakaasi bangi battibwa gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2020 |title=About Zambia |url=http://www.psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509233410/http://psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-date=9 May 2016 |access-date=20 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bartlett |first=David M. C. |date=2000 |title=Civil Society and Democracy: A Zambian Case Study |journal=Journal of Southern African Studies |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=429–446 |doi=10.1080/030570700750019655 |issn=0305-7070 |jstor=2637411 |s2cid=143480603}}</ref>Mu 1990, Kaunda yawona okulumbibwa amagye, era mu 1991, yakkiriza okuzzaawo enfuga ey'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, oluvannyuma lw'okussaawo enfuga ey'ekibiina ekimu wansi w'akakiiko ka Choma aka 1972. Oluvannyuma lw'okulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, Kaunda yaggyibwa mu woofiisi oluvannyuma lw'okuwangulwa mu kulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi Frederick Chiluba. Mu myaka gya 2000, ebyenfuna byanywerera, ne bituuka ku kweyongera kw'ebbeeyi y'ebintu mu 2006–2007, okweyongera kw'ebyenfuna, okukendeera kw'amagoba, n'okweyongera kw'omutindo gw'ebyobusuubuzi. Bingi ku kukulaakulana kuno kuvudde ku kusiga ensimbi okuva ebweru mu by'okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka n'okweyongera kw'emiwendo gy'ekikomo mu nsi yonna. Bino byonna byaleetera Zambia okusikirizibwa ennyo abagabi b'obuyambi era ne kireetera abasiga nsimbi okwongera okwesiga eggwanga lino. == Ebyobufuzi == Ebyobufuzi mu Zambia bitambulira mu nkola ey'omukulembeze w'eggwanga omukiise mu demokulasiya ow'eggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo, omukulembeze wa Zambia y'akulira eggwanga era akulira gavumenti mu ggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo. Gavumenti ekozesa obuyinza obw'okuteeka mu nkola, ate obuyinza obw'okukola amateeka buweebwa gavumenti ne paalamenti. Zambia yafuuka repubuliki oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu Gwekkumi 1964. Okuva mu 2011 okutuuka mu 2014, pulezidenti wa Zambia yali Michael Sata, okutuusa Sata lwe yafa nga 28 Ogwekkumi 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zambian President Michael Sata dies in London - BBC News|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705073526/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-date=2017-07-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=BBC News|language=en-GB}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Sata, omumyuka wa pulezidenti Guy Scott, Omuzambia ow'ensibuko y'Abasikawutu, yafuuka omukungu akola nga pulezidenti. Okulonda kwa pulezidenti kwaliwo nga 22 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015. Omugatte gw’abantu 11 abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti be beesimbawo mu kulonda era nga 24 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015, kyalangirirwa nti Edgar Chagwa Lungu yali awangudde okulonda okufuuka pulezidenti ow’omukaaga. Yawangula ebitundu 48.33% eby’obululu, ng’obululu 1.66% bwali bumusinga ku munnabyabufuzi akyasinze okuvuganya gavumenti, Hakainde Hichilema, eyafuna ebitundu 46.67%.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Defence Minister Lungu wins Zambia's disputed presidential race|url=http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305065726/http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-date=2016-03-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=Yahoo News|language=en-US}}</ref>Abantu abalala mwenda abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti baafuna obululu obutaweza na bitundu 1% ku bululu bwonna. Mu kulonda pkwaliwo mu Gwomunaana 2016 Zambian general election pulezidenti Edgar Lungu yawangula okulonda okw’omulundi ogw’okubiri. Omukago ogutaba ebibiina by’ebyobufuzi ogwa Patriotic Front (PF) gwagaana ebyali byogerwa ab’oludda oluvuganya gavumenti, UPND party.<ref name="bbc-15aug2016">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|title=Zambia's President Edgar Lungu declared election winner|work=BBC News|date=15 August 2016|access-date=17 May 2021|archive-date=26 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026223033/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021, okwalimu abalonzi 70% ku abo abaali basuubirwa, Hakainde Hichilema yawangula ebitundu 59% eby’obululu, ng’omuvuganya we eyali asingayo okuba ow’amaanyi, Edgar Chagwa Lungu, eyali pulezidenti mu kiseera ekyo, yafuna ebitundu 39% eby’obululu.<ref name="zm-elec-39">{{Cite news|url=https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm|title=Presidential Election Results|work=Electoral Commission of Zambia|date=16 August 2021|access-date=27 December 2021|archive-date=2 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102194510/https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm/}}</ref> Nga 16 Ogwomunaana Edgar Lungu yakkiriza mu kiwandiiko kye yafulumya ku ttivi, ng’aweereza ebbaluwa era ng’ayozayoza pulezidenti omulonde Hakainde Hichilema.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-08-16|title=Zambia election: Hakainde Hichilema beats President Edgar Lungu|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|access-date=2021-08-16|archive-date=24 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824152003/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|last=Kabwe|first=Zitto|author-link=Zitto Kabwe|user=zittokabwe|number=1426967254986629126|date=15 August 2021|title=#Zambia President @EdgarCLungu has conceded in a letter sent to now president elect @HHichilema of @UPNDZM. Once again Zambia has shown the world the level of its democratic maturity. Peaceful transfer of power is happening for third time in history. Congratulations Zambians|language=en|access-date=30 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827180204/https://twitter.com/zittokabwe/status/1426967254986629126|archive-date=27 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomunaana 2021, Hakainde Hichilema yalayizibwa nga pulezidenti wa Zambia omuggya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2021 |title=Zambia's Hakainde Hichilema sworn in as President in rare victory for an African opposition leader |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116213703/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |archive-date=16 November 2021 |access-date=16 November 2021}}</ref> '''Amaggye''' Mu 2019, Zambia yassa omukono ku ndagaano ya UN ekwata ku Kuziyiza eby'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa ebya Nukiriya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2017 |title=Chapter XXVI: Disarmament&nbsp;– No. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806220546/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |archive-date=6 August 2019 |access-date=18 October 2019 |publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection}}</ref> '''Amateeka n'eddembe ly'obuntu''' Gavumenti evunaanye abavumirira nga bakozesa ebigambo by'amateeka nti baali bawabya abantu. Amateeka agakwata ku kuwandiika ebintu ebikyamu gakozesebwa okukugira eddembe ly'okwogera ne bannamawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2015 |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225030706/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-date=2021-02-25 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=2009-2017.state.gov}}</ref> Ebikolwa eby'okweganza wakati w'abantu ab'ekikula ekimu kimenya mateeka eri abasajja n'abakazi mu Zambia.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 May 2016 |title=State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition |url=http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902183618/http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |archive-date=2 September 2017 |access-date=29 July 2017 |website=[[International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Daniel|last=Avery|title=71 Countries Where Homosexuality is Illegal|url=https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|work=Newsweek|date=4 April 2019|access-date=18 August 2019|archive-date=11 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211204842/https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|url-status=live}}</ref> Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu 2010 kwalaga nti ebitundu 2% ebya Bannansi ba Zambia bakitwala nti okulya ebisiyaga tekirina buzibu bwonna ku mpisa.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Meyer |first1=Birgit |date=2021 |title=What Is Religion in Africa? Relational Dynamics in an Entangled World |journal=Journal of Religion in Africa |publisher=Brill |volume=50 |issue=1–2 |pages=156–181 |doi=10.1163/15700666-12340184 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2019, kyategeezebwa nti Omubaka wa Amerika mu Zambia Daniel Lewis Foote "yakwatibwa ensisi" olw'engeri Zambia gy'ekuumamu abalyi b'ebisiyaga mu makomera. Oluvannyuma lw'okujulira ne kulema era nga n'abafumbo bano Japhet Chataba ne Steven Samba baasalirwa ekibonerezo kya kusibibwa emyaka 15 mu makomera, Foote yasaba gavumenti ya Zambia okuddamu okwekenneenya omusango guno n'amateeka ga Zambia agalwanyisa ebisiyaga. Foote yafuna obuzibu era n'asazaamu okujja mu bantu oluvannyuma lw'okutiisibwatiisibwa ku mikutu gya yintaneeti, era oluvannyuma lw'okulangirirwa Lungu nti y'omuntu ataagalwa mu ggwanga eryo.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 December 2019 |title=US recalls ambassador to Zambia after gay rights row |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231195603/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |archive-date=31 December 2019 |access-date=12 January 2020 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 2026, gavumenti ya Zambia yavumirirwa olw'okwongezaayo olukiiko olw'amaanyi olw'ensi yonna olw'eddembe ly'obuntu, RightsCon, ennaku musanvu zokka nga tezinnatuuka okubeerawo mu Lusaka. Olukiiko olwo oluvannyuma lwasazibwamu oluvannyuma lw'okumanya nti gavumenti ya Zambia yali esaba, kirabika nga kya kusaba kw'abakungu ba China, okulungamya n'okuggyako aboogezi okuva e Taiwan. Abakugu baayogedde ku kweraliikirira olw'okulondoola n'okweyongera kw'obulabe eri ebitongole by'obwanakyewa.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gault ·|first1=Matthew|title=World's Largest Digital Human Rights Conference Suddenly Canceled|url=https://www.404media.co/rightscon-human-rights-conference-suddenly-postponed/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=404 Media|date=29 April 2026|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Elliott|first1=Vittoria|title=The Chinese Government Just Got the World's Largest Digital Rights Conference Canceled|url=https://www.wired.com/story/the-chinese-government-pressured-zambia-to-cancel-the-worlds-largest-digital-rights-conference/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Wired|date=1 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hendrix|first1=Justin|title=RightsCon Canceled After Zambia Requires 'Full Alignment' With 'National Values'|url=https://www.techpolicy.press/rightscon-canceled-after-zambia-requires-full-alignment-with-national-values/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Tech Policy Press|date=30 April 2026|language=en}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo by'abantu''' Okusinziira ku kubala abantu okwa 2022 mu Zambia, omuwendo gw'abantu mu Zambia gwali 19,610,769.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia's Population up to 19,610,769 in 2022 from 13,092,666 in 2010 – Zambia Statistics Agency |url=https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305022051/https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |archive-date=5 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ebibinja by'abantu ebisinga obunene mu Zambia beebo abayitibwa Bemba obukadde 3.3 (33.6%), Nyanja obukadde 1.8 (18.2%), Tonga obukadde 1.7 (16.8%), Abantu ab’omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba 1,000,000 (10.3%), Abalozii (Barotse) 770,000 (7.8%), Abamabwe 580,000 (5.9%), Abatumbuka 500,000 (5.1%), Abalamba 165,000 (2%), Abayindi 11,900 n’Abazungu 6,200.<ref>{{cite journal |date=2 November 2023 |title=Zambia |url=https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909114747/https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |archive-date=9 September 2023 |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=minorityrights.org}}</ref> Zambia y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubeeramu abantu mu bibuga mu Afirika eri wansi wa Sahara, ng'ebitundu 44% eby'abantu babeera mu bitundu ebisinga okubeeramu entambula, so ng'ate ebyalo birimu abantu batono nnyo. Omuwendo gw'abaana abazaalibwa gwali 6.2 mu 2007 (6.1 mu 1996, 5.9 mu 2001–02).<ref>{{cite web |title=Welcome to the Official site of Zambian Statistics |url=http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113144454/http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-date=13 November 2014 |access-date=11 April 2014 |publisher=Zamstats.gov.zm}}</ref> '''Ebibuga ebisinga obunene''' Okutandika kw'okuyiikuula ekikomo mu makolero ku Copperbelt mu myaka gya 1920 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga. Wadde ng'okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga kwali kuteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, kyali kinene nnyo.[1] Ebibuga ebikolebwamu eby'obugagga ku Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali eteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, yali nnene nnyo.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Potts |first=Deborah |date=2005 |title=Counter-urbanisation on the Zambian Copperbelt? Interpretations and implications |journal=Urban Studies |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=583–609 |bibcode=2005UrbSt..42..583P |doi=10.1080/00420980500060137 |s2cid=154412136}}</ref> Ebibuga ebirimu ebirombe bya Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali y'etoloolera ku gaali z'omukka n'enguudo okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwe bironbe bya kkoppa okuyita mu Kapiri Mposhi, Lusaka, Choma ne Livingstone. '''Ebibinja by'abantu''' Zambia elimu ebika nga 73,<ref name="BritannicaPeople">{{Cite web |title=Zambia – People |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambia/People |access-date=1 October 2024 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref><ref name="epr">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> wadde mu nkola waliwo ebibinja ebitono ebirabika obulungi.[2] Abazambia abasinga boogera Olubantu.<ref name="epr2">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ebibinja ebisinga obunene mu lulimi bye Bemba, Nyanja (era ekiyitibwa Chewa), ne Tonga; ebibinja ebirala ebitali binene nnyo bye Kaonde, Lozi, Luanda, ne Luvale.[2]<ref name="epr" /> Mu 2010, omuwendo gw'abantu gwateeberezebwa okuba ebitundu 21% Bemba, ebitundu 13.6% Tonga, ebitundu 7.4% Chewa, ebitundu 5.7% Lozi, ebitundu 5.3% Nsenga, ebitundu 4.4% Tumbuka, ebitundu 4.0% Ngoni, ne 38.6% abalala.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Bemba kye kisinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkono, Luapula, ne Copperbelt; ekibinja kya Tonga mu bitundu by'Obukiikaddyo, n'eby'Obugwanjuba; n'ekibinja kya Lozi mu bitundu by'Obugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Tumbuka ekitono ennyo kisangibwa mu kiwonvu kya Luangwa mu Buvanjuba.[2] Tewali kibinja ky'abantu aboogera olulimi olumu abasinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ebitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba tebirimu bantu bangi nnyo.<ref name="epr3">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ng’oggyeko olulimi, obuwangwa bukulu mu Zambia.<ref name="epr3" />Obuwangwa buno batera okubukwataganya n’obwesigwa bw’amaka oba n’ab’obuyinza eb'ennono. Obuwangwa buno busengekeddwa mu bibinja by’ennimi ebikulu.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Posner |first=Daniel N. |date=2005-06-06 |title=Institutions and Ethnic Politics in Africa |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-83398-1 |language=en |doi=10.1017/CBO9780511808661 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083432/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |archive-date=2023-03-21}}</ref> Abagwiira, okusingira ddala Abangereza oba Aba South Afrika, wamu n'abamu ku bannansi ba Zambia abeeru Abazungu abava mu Bungereza, babeera nnyo mu Lusaka ne mu Copperbelt mu Bukiikakkono bwa Zambia, gye baba nga bakola mu birombe, mu by'ensimbi n'emirimu emirala egifaananako bwe gityo oba nga bawummudde. Waaliwo Abazungu 70,000 mu Zambia mu 1964, naye bangi okuva olwo bavudde mu ggwanga.<ref name="Zambia" /> Zambia erina abantu abatono naye nga balina omugaso mu byenfuna abava mu Asia, abasinga obungi ku bo Buhindi ne Bachina. Ekibinja kino eky’abantu abatono ky'ekikyasinze okufuga eby’enfuna nga kye kikola ku by’okutunda ebintu. Kiteeberezebwa nti Abachina nga 80,000 be baali babeera mu Zambia mu 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ZAMBIA: Zambians wary of |url=http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910230935/http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-date=2011-09-10 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=IRINnews}}</ref> Mu myaka egiyise, ebikumi n’ebikumi by’abalimi abazungu abaali bagobeddwa mu Zimbabwe baasengukira e Zambia oluvannyuma lw’okuyitibwa gavumenti ya Zambia, okutandika okulima mu matwae g'omu Bukiikaddyo.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zim's Loss, Zam's gain: White Zimbabweans making good in Zambia|date=June 2004|newspaper=The Economist|access-date=28 August 2009|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110215085211/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-date=15 February 2011}}</ref><ref name="Spiegel">{{Cite news|title=Settling in Zambia: Zimbabwe's Displaced Farmers Find a New Home|last=Thielke|first=Thilo|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|date=27 December 2004|access-date=28 August 2009|periodical=[[Der Spiegel]]|archive-date=19 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619050250/http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza okwalebwa ku banoonyi b'obubuddamu mu 2009 ekyakubibwa akakiikio ka America akavunanyizibwa ku banoonyi b'obubudamu n'abagwiira eka U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, Zambia yalina omuwendo gw’abanoonyi b’obubudamu n’abanoonya obubudamu nga bali 88,900. Abanoonyi b’obubudamu abasinga obungi mu ggwanga baava mu Democratic Republic of the Congo (ababundabunda 47,300 okuva mu DRC ng'ababeera mu Zambia mu 2007), Angola (27,100 Bannangola Zambia), Zimbabwe (5,400) ne Rwanda (4,900).<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009">{{cite news|title=World Refugee Survey 2009|publisher=U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants|url=http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211175633/http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-date=11 December 2013}}</ref> Bannansi ba Zambia okutwaliza awamu baaniriza abagwira. Okutandika mu Gwokutaano 2008, omuwendo gw'Abazimbabwe mu Zambia gwatandika okulinnya ennyo; okuyingira kwali kusinga kw'Abazimbabwe abaali babeera mu South Africa abaali badduka obutabanguko obwali mu ggwanga eryo.<ref name="IRIN">{{Cite news|title=Zambia: Rising levels of resentment towards Zimbabweans|date=9 June 2008|access-date=7 August 2023|periodical=[[The New Humanitarian|IRIN News]]|url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2008/06/09/rising-levels-resentment-towards-zimbabweans|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930005909/http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=78648|archive-date=2009-09-30}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Kumpi abanoonyi b'obubudamo 60,000 babeera mu nkambi mu Zambia, ate 50,000 babeera mu bantu ba bulijjo. Abanoonyi b'obubudamo abaagala okukola mu Zambia balina okusaba olukusa saako n'ebiwandiiko ebikukkiriza okukola nga bino biyinza okutwala ddoola 500 buli mwaka.<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009" /> '''Eddiini''' Zambia mu butongole "eggwanga ery'Ekiikuristaayo" wansi wa Ssemateeka w'eggwanga owa 1996, naye essa ekitiibwa mu kukuuma eddembe ly'eddiini n'okusinza.<ref>{{cite web |date=30 June 2008 |title=Constitution of Zambia, 1991(Amended to 1996) |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105055544/http://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |archive-date=5 November 2012 |access-date=18 December 2012 |publisher=Scribd.com}}</ref> Zambia lye ggwanga lyokka mu Afirika erirangirira Obukristaayo ng'eddiini y'eggwanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Haynes |first=N. |date=2021 |title=Taking Dominion in a Christian Nation: North American Political Theology in an African Context |journal=Pneuma |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=214–232 |doi=10.1163/15700747-bja10036 |hdl=20.500.11820/48b556a6-cf81-4058-bf5b-894934a35ca0 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ekitongole kya Zambia ekivunaanyizibwa ku kubala abantu ekya Zambia Statistics Agency mu 2022 kyabalirira nti 98.0% ku Bannazambia Bakristaayo, nga 74.5% Bapulotesitanti, 17.9% Bakatoliki ate 5.6% Bajulirwa ba Yakuwa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2025-07-24 |title=RELIGIOUS LANDSCAPE OF ZAMBIA: AN ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF THE 2022 CENSUS FINDINGS |url=https://www.amulufeblog.com/2025/07/religious-landscape-of-zambia.html |access-date=2026-02-12 |website=Amulufeblog |language=en}}</ref> Enzikiriza z'ekikulisitaayo mu Zambia mulimu Apolotesitante, Abavangelika saako n'Abapentecoote.<ref name=":1" /> Obukristaayo bwatuuka mu Zambia okuyita mu bufuzi bw'amatwale obw'Abazungu, era enjawulo yaakyo ey'ebibiina eby'enjawulo eraga enkyukakyuka mu nkola y'obuminsani; okugeza, Obukatoliki bwava mu Mozambique ey'Abaportugalezi mu Buvanjuba, so ng'Obulokole bwava mu Bungereza mu Bukiikaddyo. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu 1964, Zambia yalaba okweyongera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibiina by'obuminsani ebirala okuva mu bitundu by'ensi ebitali bimu, naddala Amerika ey'Obukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. Mu byasa ebyaddirira, emirimu gy'obuminsani egy'Abazungu egyaddira abakkiriza ab'omu kitundu (okuggyako ebifo ebimu eby'obuminsani, gamba ng'abasawo). Oluvannyuma lwa Frederick Chiluba, Omukulisitaayo Omukristaayo, okufuuka pulezidenti mu 1991, ebibiina by'obuminsani eby'Abazungu byeyongera nnyo okwetooloola Zambia okuva mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu 1964, Zambia yalaba okweyongera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibiina by'obuminsani eby'Abazungu okuva mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani.<ref name="pentecostal">{{cite book |last=Steel |first=Matthew |year=2005 |title=Pentecostalism in Zambia: Power, Authority and the Overcomers |publisher=University of Wales |id=MSc Dissertation}}</ref> Eddiini z'Ekikristaayo ezimu ezirina abagoberezi batono mu nsi yonna zimanyiddwa nnyo mu Zambia. Eggwanga lino lirina abantu abawerako ab'enzikiriza y'eki Adiventi nga mu bibala ku Bazambia 18 osangamu 1 omu Adiventi.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 October 2012 |title=Zambia Union Conference&nbsp;– Adventist Directory |url=http://www.adventistdirectory.org/ViewAdmField.aspx?AdmFieldID=ZAUM |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427045842/https://www.adventistdirectory.org/ViewAdmField.aspx?AdmFieldID=ZAUM |archive-date=27 April 2023 |access-date=18 December 2012 |publisher=Adventistdirectory.org}}</ref> Ekkanisa y'Abalokole eya Central Africa erimu abagoberezi abasukka mu 11,000 mu ggwanga.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lutheran Church of Central Africa: Zambia |url=http://www.celc.info/site/cpage.asp?sec_id=180010197&cpage_id=180031341 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131193035/http://www.celc.info/site/cpage.asp?sec_id=180010197&cpage_id=180031341 |archive-date=31 January 2017 |publisher=Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference}}</ref> Abantu abasukka mu bitundu 12 ku buli kikumi mu Zambia basabira mu Kkanisa ya New Apostostoc Church.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hayashida |first=Nelson Osamu |date=1999 |title=Dreams in the African Literature: The Significance of Dreams and Visions Among Zambian Baptists |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CkNC6-Wmga4C&q=One+in+11+Zambians+is+a+member+of+the+New+Apostolic+Church&pg=PA36 |publisher=Rodopi |isbn=978-90-420-0596-9 |language=en |access-date=3 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518182155/https://books.google.com/books?id=CkNC6-Wmga4C&q=One+in+11+Zambians+is+a+member+of+the+New+Apostolic+Church&pg=PA36#v=snippet&q=One%20in%2011%20Zambians%20is%20a%20member%20of%20the%20New%20Apostolic%20Church&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nga balina abagoberezi abasukka mu kakadde kamu mu emitwalo abiri, eggwanga lirimu ekibiina ky'Abaseveniside ekisinga obunene mu Afirika, okuva ku bantu abasukka mu bukadde mwenda mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Membership figures of the global Church as at the end of 2009: New Apostolic Church International (NAC) |url=http://www.nak.org/news/naci-news/article/16710/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626032545/http://www.nak.org/news/naci-news/article/16710/ |archive-date=26 June 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.nak.org}}</ref> Abantu nga 2.7% ku Bannazambia Basiraamu, abasinga obungi nga Basunni n’abalala abatonotono nga Abaismaili ne Twelver Shia.<ref name="2023RIRF">{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2023-report-on-international-religious-freedom/zambia/ |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=United States Department of State |language=en-US}}</ref> Abasiraamu abali mu Zambia, abalina okubalibwa okw’omulundi ogumu nga 100,000 okusinziira ku kuteebereza okumu okwakolebwa, bazingiramu abanoonyi b’obubudamu okuva e Congo ne [[Somalia]], awamu n’abagwiira okuva mu South Asia ne mu ddungu ly'ebuwalabu abafuuse Bannazambia.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> Abahindu, abasinga obungi nga ba South Asian ancestry, baali nga 10,000 okusinziira ku kuteebereza okumu okwakolebwa, mu 2019.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> Ku ntikko y'akyo mu myaka gya 1960, Abayudaaya abaali mu Zambia abaali bawerera ddala 10,000 ng'abasinga baali basibuka mu Lithuania, Latvia ne Bugirimaani,<ref>{{cite web |last=Tutton |first=Mark |date=19 January 2012 |title=The forgotten story of Zambia's Jewish settlers |url=https://www.cnn.com/2012/01/19/world/africa/zambia-jewish-history/index.html |access-date=17 February 2025 |work=CNN}}</ref>okuva mu 2012 baali batono ddala okusinga Abazambia Abayudaaya ng'abasinga ku bbo baali bawangalira mu Lusaka mu matwale g'Obukiikakkono. Mu Zambia mulimu abantu batono ab'enzikiriza ya Baha ne Buddhists saako ne Sikhs.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> '''Ennimi''' Omuwendo omutuufu ogw'ennimi za Zambia tegumanyiddwa, wadde ng'ebiwandiiko bingi bigamba nti Zambia erina ennimi 73 ez’enjawulo; omuwendo guno guyinza okuba nga guva ku butawulira njawulo wakati w’ennimi n’ebigambo ebikozesebwa eby'enjawulo, nga basinziira ku kuba nti abantu basobola okutegeeragana nga boogera ennimi ez’enjawulo. Okusinziira ku kino, omuwendo gw’ennimi za Zambia guyinza okuba nga guli wakati wa 20 oba 30.<ref name="Chanda, Vincent M., and, Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. 2013 1–173">{{Cite book |author1=Chanda, Vincent M. |year=2013 |title=Speak Zambian Languages: Phrase Book in Bemba, Kaonde, Lozi, Luvale, Lunda, Nyanja and Tonga, all in one |author2=Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson |publisher=UNZA Press |isbn=978-9982-03-073-1 |location=Lusaka, Zambia |pages=1–173}}</ref> Olulimi olutongole mu Zambia lwe Lungereza, olukozesebwa mu bizinensi entongole, eby'enjigiriza, n’amateeka.[1] Olulimi olusinga okwogerwa mu Zambia, naddala mu Lusaka, lwe Lunyaanja (Chewa), oluddako Bemba. Mu Copperbelt, Bemba lwe lulimi olusinga okwogerwa era oluddako Nyanja. Olunyaanja n’Olubemba bye byogerwa mu bitundu eby’omu bibuga, okugatta ku nnimi endala eza wano ezaatera okwogerwa mu Zambia. Zino mulimu Lozi, Tumbuka, Kaonde, Tonga, Lunda ne Luvale, ezaalagibwa ku Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation (ZNBC) mu kitundu ky’ennimi za wano.[1][2][3] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] ea7e2i5epf6jw11b4l6x31o1xrggl17 59353 59351 2026-07-06T17:00:04Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 59353 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Amawanga ga Luba-Lunda oluvannyuma gaakendeera olw'okutunda abaddu mu Atlantic mu Bugwanjuba ne mu Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba ne mu ntalo n'ebibinja ebyali byawuddwa ku bwakabaka. Aba Chokwe, ekibinja ekirina oluganda olw'okumpi ne Luvale era ne kitondebwawo ng'eggwanga lya Lunda satellite, mu kusooka gaakosebwa olw'obwetaavu bwabaddu eri Abazungu, naye bwe baawukana ku bwakabaka, bo bennyini baafuuka batunzi ba baddu abamanyiddwa ennyo, nga batunda abaddu ku mbalama zombi. Abachokwe oluvannyuma baawangulwa amawanga amalala n'Abaportugali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azuonye |first=Chukwuma |date=15 December 1996 |title=Chokwe: (Angola, Zambia) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ejao3vG6nfsC&pg=PA11 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-1990-1 |language=en}}</ref> Obutali butebenkevu buno bwaviirako okugwa kw'obwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'abantu okusaasaanira mu bitundu bya Zambia eby'enjawulo okuva mu Democratic Republic of the Congo. Abazambia abasinga obungi balina obuzaale mu bwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'obwakabaka obulala obuli mu Masekkati ga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1200, ng’eggwanga lya Luba-Lunda terinnatandikibwawo, ekibinja ky’aba Bantu baatandika okusenguka okuva mu Congo Basin okudda ku Nnyanja Mweru ate oluvannyuma ne basenga okumpi n’ennyanja Malawi. Abasenze bano balowoozebwa okuba nga baali abamu ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky’e Upemba mu Democratic Republic of Congo. Mu myaka gya 1400, ebibinja by’abasenze bano awamu baayitibwanga Maravi, era nga mu bo mwalimu Abachewa abaatandika okukoppa ebibinja by’aba Bantu nga Tumbuka.<ref name="Team">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 1480 Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwatandikibwawo kalonga (omukulu w'obwakabaka bwa Maravi) okuva mu kika kya Phiri, kimu ku bika ebikulu, ng'ebirala mulimu Banda, Mwale ne Nkhoma. Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwali buva ku Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Enkulaakulana y'ebyobufuzi ey'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi yali efaanana ey'Obwakabaka bwa Luba era kigambibwa nti bwavaayo. Ekyamaguzi ekikulu eky'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi kyali amasanga, agaatundibwanga okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Ekyuma nakyo kyakolebwanga era ne kitundibwa mu nsi endala. Mu myaka gya 1590, Abapotigo baagezaako okweddiza eby'obusuubuzi n’okutunda Maravi mu nsi endala. Okugezaako kuno kwaleetawo obusungu mu Maravi ab’e Lundu, abaasumulula eggye lyabwe erya WaZimba. WaZimba baalumba ebibuga by’Abapotigo eby’obusuubuzi nga Tete, Sena n’ebibuga ebirala bingi.<ref name="thinkafrica.net">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Abamaravi nabo bateeberezebwa okuba nga baaleeta obulombolombo obwandifuuse ekibiina kya Nyau eky'ekyama okuva e Upemba. Aba Nyau be bakola ku nzikiriza oba eddiini y'obuwangwa ey'abantu b'omu Maravi. Ekibiina kya Nyau kirimu okuzina okw'obulombolombo n'obukookolo obukozesebwa mu kuzina; enzikiriza eno yasaasaana okwetooloola ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maptia |title=The Secret Cult of Nyau Dancers |url=https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108130415/https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-date=8 November 2020 |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=Maptia |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwakendeera olw'enkaayana ezikwata ku busika mu mukago, okulumbibwa Ngoni n'okulumba abaddu okuva mu Yao.<ref name="thinkafrica.net2">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa ne Mfecane''' Ng'Obwakabaka bwa Great Zimbabwe bwali bukendedde, omu ku balangira baabwo, Nyatsimba Mutota, yava mu ggwanga n'atandikawo obwakabaka obupya obuyitibwa Mutapa. Ekitiibwa kya Mwene Mutapa, ekitegeeza "Omulumbaganyi w'Ensi", kyamuweebwa era n'abafuzi abaddirira.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mwene Matapa {{!}} historical dynastic title, southern Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520141810/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |archive-date=20 May 2023 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwafuganga ekitundu ekiri wakati w’Omugga Zambezi n’Omugga Limpopo, mu kitundu ekiriwo kati ekiyitibwa Zambia, Zimbabwe ne Mozambique, okuva mu kyasa ekya 14 okutuusa mu kyasa ekya 17. Mu ntikko yaabwo, Mutapa yali awambye ekitundu kya Dande eky’Omugga Tonga ne Tavara. Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwasinganga kwetaba mu by’obusuubuzi okusomoka Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okutuuka mu mawanga ag’omu Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Okufaananako abantu abaaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu mu Maravi, Mutapa yalina obuzibu n’abasuubuzi Abapotigo abaali bazze. Obutategeeragana buno we bwatuukira ku ntikko, Abapotigo baali bagezezzaako okukyusa mu nsonga z’omunda mu bwakabaka nga batandikawo obutale mu bwakabaka era nga bakyusa abantu okubayingiza Obukristaayo. Ekikolwa kino kyaleetawo obusungu mu Basiraamu AbaSwahili abaali babeera mu kibuga ekikulu, akavuyo kano kaawa Abapotigo ensonga gye baali banoonya okulumba obwakabaka era bagezeeko okufuga ebirombe by'abwo ebya zaabu n'enguudo awayitira amasanga. Obulumbaganyi buno bwagwa butaka Abapotigo bwe baalumbibwa endwadde nga bayita ku mugga Zambezi.<ref name="Mutapa">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1600 enkaayana ez'omunda n'olutalo lw'omunda byatandika okukendeera kwa Mutapa. Obwakabaka obwali bunafuye bwawangulwa Abapotigo era oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera bwatwalibwa amawanga ga Shona bwe baali bawalangana.<ref name="Mutapa2">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Abapotigo nabo baalina ettaka ddene, eryali limanyiddwa nga Prazos, era baakozesanga abaddu n'abaali abaddu ng'abakuumi n'abayizzi. Baatendekanga abasajja mu bukodyo bw'amagye era ne babawa emmundu. Abasajja bano baafuuka abayizzi b'enjovu abakugu era baali bamanyiddwa nga ba Chikunda. Oluvannyuma lw'okukendeera kw'Abapotigo, Chikunda baasobola okwesolossa munda mu Zambia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2019 |title=Chikunda |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227184451/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |archive-date=27 February 2021 |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Portugal okubeera mu kitundu ekyo kyali nsonga lwaki obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwatandikibwawo, eggwanga eryali lyetongodde ku Mutapa. Omukulembeze w'obwakabaka bwa Rozvi, Changamire Dombo, yafuuka omu ku bakulembeze abasingayo amaanyi mu byafaayo bya South-Central Africa. Wansi w'obukulembeze bwe, obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwawangula Abapotigo ne babaggya mu bifo mwe baali bakolera bizineesi ku mugga Zambezi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rozwi {{!}} historical state, Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125203243/https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |archive-date=25 January 2021 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Naye oboolyawo ekyokulabirako ekisinga okumanyibwa mu kino okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti kwe kweyongera kw’Abazulu wansi w’obukulembeze bwa Shaka. Okupikirizibwa okuva eri Abangereza abafuzi b’amatwale mu Cape ne okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti mu Bazulu kyavaako Mfecane (okunyigirizibwa). Abazulu beeyongera nga bayingiza abakazi n’abaana b’ebika bye baawangula, singa abasajja b’ebika bino ebya Nguni baawona okuttibwa, baakozesa obukodyo bw’amagye obw’Abazulu okulumba ebibinja ebirala.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Kino kyaviirako abantu bangi okusenguka, entalo n'obulumbaganyi mu Bukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati ne mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika nga ab'ekika kya Nguni oba Ngoni nga bakulembeddwamu Zwagendaba baasomoka omugga Zambezi nga batambulira mu Bukiikakkono. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni be baakuba ekibuga Maravi Empire ekyali kinafuye. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni abasinga obungi baasenga mu kitundu ekyali Zambia, [[Malawi]], [[Mozambique]] ne [[Tanzania]] era ne beegatta ku bika ebyali mu kitundu ekyo.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history2">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Zambia, ekibinja ekirala eky’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Afirika eky’Abasotho-Tswana abava mu Luba ne Lunda ezaagwa edda abayitibwa Abaluyana baawamba Kololo ne bamussaako olulimi Olukololo okutuusa Abaluyana lwe beekalakaasa ne baggyako Kololo mu kiseera kino olulimi Olukololo lwali lwerabiddwa era olulimi olupya olugattiddwa lwe lwavaamu, SiLozi era Abaluyana baatandika okweyita Abalozi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lozi {{!}} people |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528092724/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |archive-date=28 May 2023 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kya 18, Abamu ku Mbunda baasengukira mu Barotseland, Mongu oluvannyuma lw'okusenguka kw'abantu abalala, nga muno mwe muli, Ciyengele.<ref>'' The elites of Barotseland, 1878–1969: a political history of Zambia's Western Province'': a. Gerald L. Caplan, C. Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd, 1970, {{ISBN|0-900966-38-6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=maniacky |first=jacky |title=bantu zone K |url=http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140411045127/http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-date=2014-04-11 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.bantu-languages.com}}</ref> '''Ekiseera ky'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' '''Abazungu''' Omu ku Bulaaya abaasooka okuwandiikibwa nga baakyalako mu kitundu kino yali omuvumbuzi Omupotigo Francisco de Lacerda ku nkomerero y'ekyasa ekya 18. Lacerda yakulemberamu ekibinja ky'abavumbuzi okuva e Mozambique okutuuka mu kitundu ky'e Kazembe mu Zambia (nga balina ekiruubirirwa eky'okuvumbula n'okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa okuva ku lubalama lw'ennyanja okutuuka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja omulundi ogusooka),<ref>{{cite web |year=1798 |title=Instructions and Travel Diary that Governor Francisco Joze de Lacerda e Almeida Wrote about His Travel to the Center of Africa, Going to the River of Sena, in the Year of 1798 |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905135844/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |archive-date=5 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Library of Congress}}</ref> era n'afa mu kiseera ky'olugendo mu 1798. Olugendo luno okuva olwo lwakulemberwamu mukwano gwe Francisco Pinto.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hartnett |first=Craig |title=Portuguese Expedition to Northern Rhodesia, 1798–99 |url=http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924023553/http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Great North Road (GNR, Northern Rhodesia, Zambia) |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ekitundu kino, ekisangibwa wakati wa Mozambique ne [[Angola]], kyali kigambibwa nti kyali kya Bupotugo mu kiseera ekyo. Abalala abava mu Bulaaya baagoberera mu kyasa 19. Eyasinga okumanyika mu bano yali David Livingstone, eyalina okwolesebwa okw'okukomya okusuubula abaddu ng'ayita mu "3Cs": Obukristaayo, Ebyobusuubuzi, n'Obuwangwa. Ye Muzungu eyasooka okulaba ebisulo by'amazzi ebyewuunyisa ku Mugga Zambezi mu 1855, n'abyogerako bw'ati: "Ebifo ebirabika obulungi bityo biteekwa okuba nga byatunuulirwa bamalayika mu kudduka kwabwe".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Livingstone Discovers Victoria Falls, 1855 |url=http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522092057/http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |archive-date=22 May 2020 |access-date=28 May 2020 |website=EyeWitness to History}}</ref> Mu kitundu kino ebiyiriro bimanyiddwa nga "Mosi-o-Tunya" oba "omukka ogubwatuka" mu lulimi Lozi oba Kololo. Ekibuga Livingstone, okumpi n'ebiyiriro, kiyitibwa erinnya lye. Emboozi ezikwata ku ŋŋendo ze zaali zimanyiddwa nnyo ne kiviirako abagenyi bangi okuva mu Bulaaya, abaminsani, n'abasuubuzi oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwe mu 1873.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627015544/https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-date=27 June 2020 |website=The Provincial Administration Website}}</ref> '''Kampuni ya British South Africa Company''' Mu 1888, kampuni ya British South Africa Company (BSA Company), eyakulemberwa Cecil Rhodes, yafuna olukusa okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka okuva ku Litunga ow'abantu ba Lozi, omukulu w'essaza ly'abantu ba Lozi (Ba-rotse) mu kitundu ekyafuuka Barotziland-North-Western Rhodesia.<ref name="livingstone">{{cite web |author=Livingstone Tourism Association |title=Destination:Zambia&nbsp;– History and Culture |url=http://www.livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012153527/http://livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> Ebuvanjuba, mu Gwekkumineebiri 1897 ekibinja ky’Abangoni oba Abangoni (abaasibuka mu Zululand) beekalakaasa nga bakulemberwa Tsinco, mutabani wa Kabaka Mpezeni, naye obujeemu bwakomezebwawo,<ref name="unam">{{cite web |author1=Human Rights |author2=Documentation Centre |name-list-style=amp |title=Zambia: Historical Background |url=http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311093653/http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-date=11 March 2007 |access-date=14 January 2011}}</ref> era Mpezeni n’akkiriza Pax Britannica. Ekitundu ky’eggwanga ekyo kyatandika okumanyibwa nga Rhodesia ey'omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba. Mu 1895, Rhodes yasaba omusikawutu wa Omumerika Frederick Russell Burnham okunoonya eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka n’engeri y’okulongoosaamu entambula y’emigga mu kitundu ekyo, era mu lugendo luno mwe mwazuulibwa Frederick Russell Burnham eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka bingi ku mugga Kafue.<ref name="burnham1899">{{cite book |last=Burnham |first=Frederick Russell |author-link=Frederick Russell Burnham |year=1899 |title=Bulawayo Up-to-date; Being a General Sketch of Rhodesia |title-link=s:Northern Rhodesia |publisher=Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co. |editor-last=Wills |editor-first=Walter H. |pages=177–180 |chapter=Northern Rhodesia}}</ref> '''Obufuzi bw'amatwale ga Bungereza''' Mu 1953, okutondebwawo kwa Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland z'agatta wamu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono ne Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo, ne Nyasaland (kati Malawi) ng’ekitundu kimu ekyetongodde. Kino kyakolebwa wadde nga waaliwo okuwakanyizibwa okuva mu bantu abatono, abaakola okwekalakaasa okwaliwo mu 1960–61.<ref name="infoplease">{{cite web |author=Pearson Education |title=Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Federation of |url=http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012231959/http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> '''Obwetwaaze''' Omukago gwasaanyizibwawo nga 31 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, era mu Gwoluberyeberye 1964, Kaunda yawangula akalulu k'Obwaminisita bwa Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono. Gavana w'amatwale, Sir Evelyn Hone, yali mukwano nnyo gwa Kaunda era yamukubiriza okwesimbawo ku kifo ekyo. Mangu ddala oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, waaliwo okwekalakaasa mu Bukiikakkono bw'eggwanga eryo eryali limanyiddwa nga Lumpa Uprising nga lyali liduumirwa Alice Lenshina – Kaunda's first internal conflict as leader of the nation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2020 |title=Alice Lenshina |url=https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228081501/https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |archive-date=28 February 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=The British Empire}}</ref> Rhodesia yafuuka Republic of Zambia nga 24 Ogwekkumi 1964, nga Kenneth Kaunda ye pulezidenti eyasooka. Ku kufuna obwetwaze, wadde nga yalina ebyobugagga eby'omu ttaka ebingi, Zambia yasanga okusoomoozebwa okw'amaanyi. Munda mu ggwanga, waaliwo Abazambia abatendeke era abayivu abasukka mu 70,000 abaali basobola okuddukanya gavumenti, era ebyenfuna byali byesigamye nnyo ku bakugu okuva mu mawanga amalala. Obukugu buno bwaweebwa mu ngeri emu oba endala omubaka wa Bungereza mu Zambia John Willson.<ref>[http://www.chu.cam.ac.uk/archives/collections/BDOHP/Willson.pdf WILLSON, John Michael (born 15 July 1931)]{{Dead link|date=June 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}. BDOHP Biographical Details and Interview Index. chu.cam.ac.uk</ref> Waaliwo Abazungu abasukka mu 70,000 ababeera mu Zambia mu 1964, era baasigala nga ba mugaso nnyo mu byenfuna.<ref name="Zambia">{{Cite news|date=1964-10-25|title=1964: President Kaunda takes power in Zambia|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605125604/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-date=5 June 2013|access-date=2025-09-13|url-status=live|language=en-GB}}</ref> Kaunda okuwagira abayeekera ba Patriotic Front abaali bakola obulumbaganyi mu mawanga ag'omuliraano (Bukiikaddyo) Rhodesia kyaleetawo obunkenke mu by'obufuzi era ne kireetawo okukozesa amagye ku nsalo, era kino kyaviirako ensalo okuggalwa mu 1973.<ref name="blackfire">{{cite book |last=Raeburn |first=Michael |year=1978 |title=We are everywhere: Narratives from Rhodesian guerillas |url=https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-0-394-50530-5 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 1–209]}}</ref>Ebbibiro ly'amasannyalaze erya Kariba ku mugga Zambezi lyawa amasannyalaze agamala okukola ku byetaago by'eggwanga eby'amasannyalaze, wadde nga Rhodesia ye yali ekola ku by'amasannyalaze. Nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1978, ennyonyi ey'abantu ba bulijjo, Air Rhodesia Flight 825, yakubibwa amasasi okumpi ne Kariba abayeekera ba Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) abaakulemberwa Joshua Nkomo. Rhodesia yaddamu n'ekikwekweto kya Gatling, okulumba enkambi endala mu Zambia nga bakozesa amaanyi g'ennyonyi n'abajaasi abakugu mu kubuuka mu bbanga n'abajaasi abakugu mu kukozesa ennyonyi.<ref>{{cite web |title=GREEN LEADER. OPERATION GATLING, THE RHODESIAN MILITARY'S RESPONSE TO THE VISCOUNT TRAGEDY |url=http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125155440/http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-date=25 January 2017 |access-date=22 April 2017}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1970, Mozambique ne Angola zaali zifunye obwetwaze okuva ku Portugal. Gavumenti ya Rhodesia eyali esingamu abazungu, eyafulumya Ekirangiriro ky’Obwetwaze mu 1965, yakkiriza obufuzi obw’abantu abangi wansi w’Endagaano ya Lancaster House mu 1979.<ref name="zimstudy">{{cite book |last=Nelson |first=Harold |year=1983 |title=Zimbabwe: A Country Study |publisher=Claitors Publishing Division |isbn=978-0-16-001598-4 |pages=54–137}}</ref> Obukuubagano mu bitundu byombi ebyali bifugibwa Abapotigo n'olutalo lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwa [[Namibia]] byaviirako okuyingira kw'abanoonyi b'obubudamuera ne kyongera ku buzibu bw'ebyentambula. Oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Benguela, olwayita mu [[Angola]], lwaggalwawo ddala eri ebyentambula bya Zambia mu myaka gya 1970 egyali gisembayo. Zambia okuwagira ebibiina ebirwanyisa obusosoze mu mawanga nga African National Congress (ANC) era kyaleetawo obuzibu bw'ebyokwerinda ng'amagye ga South Africa Defence Force galumba ebifo ebitali bimu mu lutalo lw'okulwanyisa obwetwaze bwa Namibia.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Evans, M. |year=1984 |title=The Front-Line States, South Africa and Southern African Security: Military Prospects and Perspectives |url=http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/Journal%20of%20the%20University%20of%20Zimbabwe/vol12n1/juz012001002.pdf |journal=Zambezia |volume=12 |page=1}}</ref> '''Ebizibu by'ebyenfuna''' Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1970, omuwendo gwa kkopa, ekyamaguzi ekikulu ekiva mu Zambia, gwasereba nnyo mu nsi yonna. Mu mbeera ya Zambia, obungi bw'okutambuza kkopa eŋŋendo empanvu okutuuka mu katale kyali kizibu kinene. Zambia yasaba obuyambi okuva mu mawanga ag'ebweru n'ag'ensi yonna, naye, nga bbeeyi ya kkopa esigadde nga yasereba, kyeyongera okubeera ekizibu okusasula amabanja gaayo agaali geeyongera. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1990, wadde nga tewaaliwo kusonyiyibwa mabanja, ebbeyi ya kkopa eyali eva mu Zambia yali emu ku bintu ebyali bisinga okuba eby'ebbeeyi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia (12/08) |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625080205/https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |archive-date=25 June 2020 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> '''Okukola ku nsonga z'abantu''' Mu Gwomukaaga 1990, obwegugungo obwali buwakanya Kaunda bwatandika era abeekalakaasi bangi battibwa gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2020 |title=About Zambia |url=http://www.psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509233410/http://psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-date=9 May 2016 |access-date=20 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bartlett |first=David M. C. |date=2000 |title=Civil Society and Democracy: A Zambian Case Study |journal=Journal of Southern African Studies |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=429–446 |doi=10.1080/030570700750019655 |issn=0305-7070 |jstor=2637411 |s2cid=143480603}}</ref>Mu 1990, Kaunda yawona okulumbibwa amagye, era mu 1991, yakkiriza okuzzaawo enfuga ey'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, oluvannyuma lw'okussaawo enfuga ey'ekibiina ekimu wansi w'akakiiko ka Choma aka 1972. Oluvannyuma lw'okulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, Kaunda yaggyibwa mu woofiisi oluvannyuma lw'okuwangulwa mu kulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi Frederick Chiluba. Mu myaka gya 2000, ebyenfuna byanywerera, ne bituuka ku kweyongera kw'ebbeeyi y'ebintu mu 2006–2007, okweyongera kw'ebyenfuna, okukendeera kw'amagoba, n'okweyongera kw'omutindo gw'ebyobusuubuzi. Bingi ku kukulaakulana kuno kuvudde ku kusiga ensimbi okuva ebweru mu by'okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka n'okweyongera kw'emiwendo gy'ekikomo mu nsi yonna. Bino byonna byaleetera Zambia okusikirizibwa ennyo abagabi b'obuyambi era ne kireetera abasiga nsimbi okwongera okwesiga eggwanga lino. == Ebyobufuzi == Ebyobufuzi mu Zambia bitambulira mu nkola ey'omukulembeze w'eggwanga omukiise mu demokulasiya ow'eggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo, omukulembeze wa Zambia y'akulira eggwanga era akulira gavumenti mu ggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo. Gavumenti ekozesa obuyinza obw'okuteeka mu nkola, ate obuyinza obw'okukola amateeka buweebwa gavumenti ne paalamenti. Zambia yafuuka repubuliki oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu Gwekkumi 1964. Okuva mu 2011 okutuuka mu 2014, pulezidenti wa Zambia yali Michael Sata, okutuusa Sata lwe yafa nga 28 Ogwekkumi 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zambian President Michael Sata dies in London - BBC News|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705073526/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-date=2017-07-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=BBC News|language=en-GB}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Sata, omumyuka wa pulezidenti Guy Scott, Omuzambia ow'ensibuko y'Abasikawutu, yafuuka omukungu akola nga pulezidenti. Okulonda kwa pulezidenti kwaliwo nga 22 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015. Omugatte gw’abantu 11 abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti be beesimbawo mu kulonda era nga 24 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015, kyalangirirwa nti Edgar Chagwa Lungu yali awangudde okulonda okufuuka pulezidenti ow’omukaaga. Yawangula ebitundu 48.33% eby’obululu, ng’obululu 1.66% bwali bumusinga ku munnabyabufuzi akyasinze okuvuganya gavumenti, Hakainde Hichilema, eyafuna ebitundu 46.67%.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Defence Minister Lungu wins Zambia's disputed presidential race|url=http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305065726/http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-date=2016-03-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=Yahoo News|language=en-US}}</ref>Abantu abalala mwenda abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti baafuna obululu obutaweza na bitundu 1% ku bululu bwonna. Mu kulonda pkwaliwo mu Gwomunaana 2016 Zambian general election pulezidenti Edgar Lungu yawangula okulonda okw’omulundi ogw’okubiri. Omukago ogutaba ebibiina by’ebyobufuzi ogwa Patriotic Front (PF) gwagaana ebyali byogerwa ab’oludda oluvuganya gavumenti, UPND party.<ref name="bbc-15aug2016">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|title=Zambia's President Edgar Lungu declared election winner|work=BBC News|date=15 August 2016|access-date=17 May 2021|archive-date=26 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026223033/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021, okwalimu abalonzi 70% ku abo abaali basuubirwa, Hakainde Hichilema yawangula ebitundu 59% eby’obululu, ng’omuvuganya we eyali asingayo okuba ow’amaanyi, Edgar Chagwa Lungu, eyali pulezidenti mu kiseera ekyo, yafuna ebitundu 39% eby’obululu.<ref name="zm-elec-39">{{Cite news|url=https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm|title=Presidential Election Results|work=Electoral Commission of Zambia|date=16 August 2021|access-date=27 December 2021|archive-date=2 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102194510/https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm/}}</ref> Nga 16 Ogwomunaana Edgar Lungu yakkiriza mu kiwandiiko kye yafulumya ku ttivi, ng’aweereza ebbaluwa era ng’ayozayoza pulezidenti omulonde Hakainde Hichilema.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-08-16|title=Zambia election: Hakainde Hichilema beats President Edgar Lungu|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|access-date=2021-08-16|archive-date=24 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824152003/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|last=Kabwe|first=Zitto|author-link=Zitto Kabwe|user=zittokabwe|number=1426967254986629126|date=15 August 2021|title=#Zambia President @EdgarCLungu has conceded in a letter sent to now president elect @HHichilema of @UPNDZM. Once again Zambia has shown the world the level of its democratic maturity. Peaceful transfer of power is happening for third time in history. Congratulations Zambians|language=en|access-date=30 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827180204/https://twitter.com/zittokabwe/status/1426967254986629126|archive-date=27 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomunaana 2021, Hakainde Hichilema yalayizibwa nga pulezidenti wa Zambia omuggya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2021 |title=Zambia's Hakainde Hichilema sworn in as President in rare victory for an African opposition leader |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116213703/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |archive-date=16 November 2021 |access-date=16 November 2021}}</ref> '''Amaggye''' Mu 2019, Zambia yassa omukono ku ndagaano ya UN ekwata ku Kuziyiza eby'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa ebya Nukiriya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2017 |title=Chapter XXVI: Disarmament&nbsp;– No. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806220546/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |archive-date=6 August 2019 |access-date=18 October 2019 |publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection}}</ref> '''Amateeka n'eddembe ly'obuntu''' Gavumenti evunaanye abavumirira nga bakozesa ebigambo by'amateeka nti baali bawabya abantu. Amateeka agakwata ku kuwandiika ebintu ebikyamu gakozesebwa okukugira eddembe ly'okwogera ne bannamawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2015 |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225030706/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-date=2021-02-25 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=2009-2017.state.gov}}</ref> Ebikolwa eby'okweganza wakati w'abantu ab'ekikula ekimu kimenya mateeka eri abasajja n'abakazi mu Zambia.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 May 2016 |title=State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition |url=http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902183618/http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |archive-date=2 September 2017 |access-date=29 July 2017 |website=[[International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Daniel|last=Avery|title=71 Countries Where Homosexuality is Illegal|url=https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|work=Newsweek|date=4 April 2019|access-date=18 August 2019|archive-date=11 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211204842/https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|url-status=live}}</ref> Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu 2010 kwalaga nti ebitundu 2% ebya Bannansi ba Zambia bakitwala nti okulya ebisiyaga tekirina buzibu bwonna ku mpisa.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Meyer |first1=Birgit |date=2021 |title=What Is Religion in Africa? Relational Dynamics in an Entangled World |journal=Journal of Religion in Africa |publisher=Brill |volume=50 |issue=1–2 |pages=156–181 |doi=10.1163/15700666-12340184 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2019, kyategeezebwa nti Omubaka wa Amerika mu Zambia Daniel Lewis Foote "yakwatibwa ensisi" olw'engeri Zambia gy'ekuumamu abalyi b'ebisiyaga mu makomera. Oluvannyuma lw'okujulira ne kulema era nga n'abafumbo bano Japhet Chataba ne Steven Samba baasalirwa ekibonerezo kya kusibibwa emyaka 15 mu makomera, Foote yasaba gavumenti ya Zambia okuddamu okwekenneenya omusango guno n'amateeka ga Zambia agalwanyisa ebisiyaga. Foote yafuna obuzibu era n'asazaamu okujja mu bantu oluvannyuma lw'okutiisibwatiisibwa ku mikutu gya yintaneeti, era oluvannyuma lw'okulangirirwa Lungu nti y'omuntu ataagalwa mu ggwanga eryo.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 December 2019 |title=US recalls ambassador to Zambia after gay rights row |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231195603/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |archive-date=31 December 2019 |access-date=12 January 2020 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 2026, gavumenti ya Zambia yavumirirwa olw'okwongezaayo olukiiko olw'amaanyi olw'ensi yonna olw'eddembe ly'obuntu, RightsCon, ennaku musanvu zokka nga tezinnatuuka okubeerawo mu Lusaka. Olukiiko olwo oluvannyuma lwasazibwamu oluvannyuma lw'okumanya nti gavumenti ya Zambia yali esaba, kirabika nga kya kusaba kw'abakungu ba China, okulungamya n'okuggyako aboogezi okuva e Taiwan. Abakugu baayogedde ku kweraliikirira olw'okulondoola n'okweyongera kw'obulabe eri ebitongole by'obwanakyewa.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gault ·|first1=Matthew|title=World's Largest Digital Human Rights Conference Suddenly Canceled|url=https://www.404media.co/rightscon-human-rights-conference-suddenly-postponed/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=404 Media|date=29 April 2026|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Elliott|first1=Vittoria|title=The Chinese Government Just Got the World's Largest Digital Rights Conference Canceled|url=https://www.wired.com/story/the-chinese-government-pressured-zambia-to-cancel-the-worlds-largest-digital-rights-conference/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Wired|date=1 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hendrix|first1=Justin|title=RightsCon Canceled After Zambia Requires 'Full Alignment' With 'National Values'|url=https://www.techpolicy.press/rightscon-canceled-after-zambia-requires-full-alignment-with-national-values/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Tech Policy Press|date=30 April 2026|language=en}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo by'abantu''' Okusinziira ku kubala abantu okwa 2022 mu Zambia, omuwendo gw'abantu mu Zambia gwali 19,610,769.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia's Population up to 19,610,769 in 2022 from 13,092,666 in 2010 – Zambia Statistics Agency |url=https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305022051/https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |archive-date=5 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ebibinja by'abantu ebisinga obunene mu Zambia beebo abayitibwa Bemba obukadde 3.3 (33.6%), Nyanja obukadde 1.8 (18.2%), Tonga obukadde 1.7 (16.8%), Abantu ab’omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba 1,000,000 (10.3%), Abalozii (Barotse) 770,000 (7.8%), Abamabwe 580,000 (5.9%), Abatumbuka 500,000 (5.1%), Abalamba 165,000 (2%), Abayindi 11,900 n’Abazungu 6,200.<ref>{{cite journal |date=2 November 2023 |title=Zambia |url=https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909114747/https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |archive-date=9 September 2023 |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=minorityrights.org}}</ref> Zambia y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubeeramu abantu mu bibuga mu Afirika eri wansi wa Sahara, ng'ebitundu 44% eby'abantu babeera mu bitundu ebisinga okubeeramu entambula, so ng'ate ebyalo birimu abantu batono nnyo. Omuwendo gw'abaana abazaalibwa gwali 6.2 mu 2007 (6.1 mu 1996, 5.9 mu 2001–02).<ref>{{cite web |title=Welcome to the Official site of Zambian Statistics |url=http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113144454/http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-date=13 November 2014 |access-date=11 April 2014 |publisher=Zamstats.gov.zm}}</ref> '''Ebibuga ebisinga obunene''' Okutandika kw'okuyiikuula ekikomo mu makolero ku Copperbelt mu myaka gya 1920 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga. Wadde ng'okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga kwali kuteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, kyali kinene nnyo.[1] Ebibuga ebikolebwamu eby'obugagga ku Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali eteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, yali nnene nnyo.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Potts |first=Deborah |date=2005 |title=Counter-urbanisation on the Zambian Copperbelt? Interpretations and implications |journal=Urban Studies |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=583–609 |bibcode=2005UrbSt..42..583P |doi=10.1080/00420980500060137 |s2cid=154412136}}</ref> Ebibuga ebirimu ebirombe bya Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali y'etoloolera ku gaali z'omukka n'enguudo okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwe bironbe bya kkoppa okuyita mu Kapiri Mposhi, Lusaka, Choma ne Livingstone. '''Ebibinja by'abantu''' Zambia elimu ebika nga 73,<ref name="BritannicaPeople">{{Cite web |title=Zambia – People |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambia/People |access-date=1 October 2024 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref><ref name="epr">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> wadde mu nkola waliwo ebibinja ebitono ebirabika obulungi.[2] Abazambia abasinga boogera Olubantu.<ref name="epr2">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ebibinja ebisinga obunene mu lulimi bye Bemba, Nyanja (era ekiyitibwa Chewa), ne Tonga; ebibinja ebirala ebitali binene nnyo bye Kaonde, Lozi, Luanda, ne Luvale.[2]<ref name="epr" /> Mu 2010, omuwendo gw'abantu gwateeberezebwa okuba ebitundu 21% Bemba, ebitundu 13.6% Tonga, ebitundu 7.4% Chewa, ebitundu 5.7% Lozi, ebitundu 5.3% Nsenga, ebitundu 4.4% Tumbuka, ebitundu 4.0% Ngoni, ne 38.6% abalala.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Bemba kye kisinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkono, Luapula, ne Copperbelt; ekibinja kya Tonga mu bitundu by'Obukiikaddyo, n'eby'Obugwanjuba; n'ekibinja kya Lozi mu bitundu by'Obugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Tumbuka ekitono ennyo kisangibwa mu kiwonvu kya Luangwa mu Buvanjuba.[2] Tewali kibinja ky'abantu aboogera olulimi olumu abasinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ebitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba tebirimu bantu bangi nnyo.<ref name="epr3">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ng’oggyeko olulimi, obuwangwa bukulu mu Zambia.<ref name="epr3" />Obuwangwa buno batera okubukwataganya n’obwesigwa bw’amaka oba n’ab’obuyinza eb'ennono. Obuwangwa buno busengekeddwa mu bibinja by’ennimi ebikulu.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Posner |first=Daniel N. |date=2005-06-06 |title=Institutions and Ethnic Politics in Africa |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-83398-1 |language=en |doi=10.1017/CBO9780511808661 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083432/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |archive-date=2023-03-21}}</ref> Abagwiira, okusingira ddala Abangereza oba Aba South Afrika, wamu n'abamu ku bannansi ba Zambia abeeru Abazungu abava mu Bungereza, babeera nnyo mu Lusaka ne mu Copperbelt mu Bukiikakkono bwa Zambia, gye baba nga bakola mu birombe, mu by'ensimbi n'emirimu emirala egifaananako bwe gityo oba nga bawummudde. Waaliwo Abazungu 70,000 mu Zambia mu 1964, naye bangi okuva olwo bavudde mu ggwanga.<ref name="Zambia" /> Zambia erina abantu abatono naye nga balina omugaso mu byenfuna abava mu Asia, abasinga obungi ku bo Buhindi ne Bachina. Ekibinja kino eky’abantu abatono ky'ekikyasinze okufuga eby’enfuna nga kye kikola ku by’okutunda ebintu. Kiteeberezebwa nti Abachina nga 80,000 be baali babeera mu Zambia mu 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ZAMBIA: Zambians wary of |url=http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910230935/http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-date=2011-09-10 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=IRINnews}}</ref> Mu myaka egiyise, ebikumi n’ebikumi by’abalimi abazungu abaali bagobeddwa mu Zimbabwe baasengukira e Zambia oluvannyuma lw’okuyitibwa gavumenti ya Zambia, okutandika okulima mu matwae g'omu Bukiikaddyo.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zim's Loss, Zam's gain: White Zimbabweans making good in Zambia|date=June 2004|newspaper=The Economist|access-date=28 August 2009|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110215085211/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-date=15 February 2011}}</ref><ref name="Spiegel">{{Cite news|title=Settling in Zambia: Zimbabwe's Displaced Farmers Find a New Home|last=Thielke|first=Thilo|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|date=27 December 2004|access-date=28 August 2009|periodical=[[Der Spiegel]]|archive-date=19 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619050250/http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza okwalebwa ku banoonyi b'obubuddamu mu 2009 ekyakubibwa akakiikio ka America akavunanyizibwa ku banoonyi b'obubudamu n'abagwiira eka U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, Zambia yalina omuwendo gw’abanoonyi b’obubudamu n’abanoonya obubudamu nga bali 88,900. Abanoonyi b’obubudamu abasinga obungi mu ggwanga baava mu Democratic Republic of the Congo (ababundabunda 47,300 okuva mu DRC ng'ababeera mu Zambia mu 2007), Angola (27,100 Bannangola Zambia), Zimbabwe (5,400) ne Rwanda (4,900).<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009">{{cite news|title=World Refugee Survey 2009|publisher=U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants|url=http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211175633/http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-date=11 December 2013}}</ref> Bannansi ba Zambia okutwaliza awamu baaniriza abagwira. Okutandika mu Gwokutaano 2008, omuwendo gw'Abazimbabwe mu Zambia gwatandika okulinnya ennyo; okuyingira kwali kusinga kw'Abazimbabwe abaali babeera mu South Africa abaali badduka obutabanguko obwali mu ggwanga eryo.<ref name="IRIN">{{Cite news|title=Zambia: Rising levels of resentment towards Zimbabweans|date=9 June 2008|access-date=7 August 2023|periodical=[[The New Humanitarian|IRIN News]]|url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2008/06/09/rising-levels-resentment-towards-zimbabweans|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930005909/http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=78648|archive-date=2009-09-30}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Kumpi abanoonyi b'obubudamo 60,000 babeera mu nkambi mu Zambia, ate 50,000 babeera mu bantu ba bulijjo. Abanoonyi b'obubudamo abaagala okukola mu Zambia balina okusaba olukusa saako n'ebiwandiiko ebikukkiriza okukola nga bino biyinza okutwala ddoola 500 buli mwaka.<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009" /> '''Eddiini''' Zambia mu butongole "eggwanga ery'Ekiikuristaayo" wansi wa Ssemateeka w'eggwanga owa 1996, naye essa ekitiibwa mu kukuuma eddembe ly'eddiini n'okusinza.<ref>{{cite web |date=30 June 2008 |title=Constitution of Zambia, 1991(Amended to 1996) |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105055544/http://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |archive-date=5 November 2012 |access-date=18 December 2012 |publisher=Scribd.com}}</ref> Zambia lye ggwanga lyokka mu Afirika erirangirira Obukristaayo ng'eddiini y'eggwanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Haynes |first=N. |date=2021 |title=Taking Dominion in a Christian Nation: North American Political Theology in an African Context |journal=Pneuma |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=214–232 |doi=10.1163/15700747-bja10036 |hdl=20.500.11820/48b556a6-cf81-4058-bf5b-894934a35ca0 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ekitongole kya Zambia ekivunaanyizibwa ku kubala abantu ekya Zambia Statistics Agency mu 2022 kyabalirira nti 98.0% ku Bannazambia Bakristaayo, nga 74.5% Bapulotesitanti, 17.9% Bakatoliki ate 5.6% Bajulirwa ba Yakuwa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2025-07-24 |title=RELIGIOUS LANDSCAPE OF ZAMBIA: AN ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF THE 2022 CENSUS FINDINGS |url=https://www.amulufeblog.com/2025/07/religious-landscape-of-zambia.html |access-date=2026-02-12 |website=Amulufeblog |language=en}}</ref> Enzikiriza z'ekikulisitaayo mu Zambia mulimu Apolotesitante, Abavangelika saako n'Abapentecoote.<ref name=":1" /> Obukristaayo bwatuuka mu Zambia okuyita mu bufuzi bw'amatwale obw'Abazungu, era enjawulo yaakyo ey'ebibiina eby'enjawulo eraga enkyukakyuka mu nkola y'obuminsani; okugeza, Obukatoliki bwava mu Mozambique ey'Abaportugalezi mu Buvanjuba, so ng'Obulokole bwava mu Bungereza mu Bukiikaddyo. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu 1964, Zambia yalaba okweyongera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibiina by'obuminsani ebirala okuva mu bitundu by'ensi ebitali bimu, naddala Amerika ey'Obukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. Mu byasa ebyaddirira, emirimu gy'obuminsani egy'Abazungu egyaddira abakkiriza ab'omu kitundu (okuggyako ebifo ebimu eby'obuminsani, gamba ng'abasawo). Oluvannyuma lwa Frederick Chiluba, Omukulisitaayo Omukristaayo, okufuuka pulezidenti mu 1991, ebibiina by'obuminsani eby'Abazungu byeyongera nnyo okwetooloola Zambia okuva mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu 1964, Zambia yalaba okweyongera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibiina by'obuminsani eby'Abazungu okuva mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani.<ref name="pentecostal">{{cite book |last=Steel |first=Matthew |year=2005 |title=Pentecostalism in Zambia: Power, Authority and the Overcomers |publisher=University of Wales |id=MSc Dissertation}}</ref> Eddiini z'Ekikristaayo ezimu ezirina abagoberezi batono mu nsi yonna zimanyiddwa nnyo mu Zambia. Eggwanga lino lirina abantu abawerako ab'enzikiriza y'eki Adiventi nga mu bibala ku Bazambia 18 osangamu 1 omu Adiventi.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 October 2012 |title=Zambia Union Conference&nbsp;– Adventist Directory |url=http://www.adventistdirectory.org/ViewAdmField.aspx?AdmFieldID=ZAUM |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427045842/https://www.adventistdirectory.org/ViewAdmField.aspx?AdmFieldID=ZAUM |archive-date=27 April 2023 |access-date=18 December 2012 |publisher=Adventistdirectory.org}}</ref> Ekkanisa y'Abalokole eya Central Africa erimu abagoberezi abasukka mu 11,000 mu ggwanga.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lutheran Church of Central Africa: Zambia |url=http://www.celc.info/site/cpage.asp?sec_id=180010197&cpage_id=180031341 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131193035/http://www.celc.info/site/cpage.asp?sec_id=180010197&cpage_id=180031341 |archive-date=31 January 2017 |publisher=Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference}}</ref> Abantu abasukka mu bitundu 12 ku buli kikumi mu Zambia basabira mu Kkanisa ya New Apostostoc Church.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hayashida |first=Nelson Osamu |date=1999 |title=Dreams in the African Literature: The Significance of Dreams and Visions Among Zambian Baptists |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CkNC6-Wmga4C&q=One+in+11+Zambians+is+a+member+of+the+New+Apostolic+Church&pg=PA36 |publisher=Rodopi |isbn=978-90-420-0596-9 |language=en |access-date=3 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518182155/https://books.google.com/books?id=CkNC6-Wmga4C&q=One+in+11+Zambians+is+a+member+of+the+New+Apostolic+Church&pg=PA36#v=snippet&q=One%20in%2011%20Zambians%20is%20a%20member%20of%20the%20New%20Apostolic%20Church&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nga balina abagoberezi abasukka mu kakadde kamu mu emitwalo abiri, eggwanga lirimu ekibiina ky'Abaseveniside ekisinga obunene mu Afirika, okuva ku bantu abasukka mu bukadde mwenda mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Membership figures of the global Church as at the end of 2009: New Apostolic Church International (NAC) |url=http://www.nak.org/news/naci-news/article/16710/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626032545/http://www.nak.org/news/naci-news/article/16710/ |archive-date=26 June 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.nak.org}}</ref> Abantu nga 2.7% ku Bannazambia Basiraamu, abasinga obungi nga Basunni n’abalala abatonotono nga Abaismaili ne Twelver Shia.<ref name="2023RIRF">{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2023-report-on-international-religious-freedom/zambia/ |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=United States Department of State |language=en-US}}</ref> Abasiraamu abali mu Zambia, abalina okubalibwa okw’omulundi ogumu nga 100,000 okusinziira ku kuteebereza okumu okwakolebwa, bazingiramu abanoonyi b’obubudamu okuva e Congo ne [[Somalia]], awamu n’abagwiira okuva mu South Asia ne mu ddungu ly'ebuwalabu abafuuse Bannazambia.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> Abahindu, abasinga obungi nga ba South Asian ancestry, baali nga 10,000 okusinziira ku kuteebereza okumu okwakolebwa, mu 2019.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> Ku ntikko y'akyo mu myaka gya 1960, Abayudaaya abaali mu Zambia abaali bawerera ddala 10,000 ng'abasinga baali basibuka mu Lithuania, Latvia ne Bugirimaani,<ref>{{cite web |last=Tutton |first=Mark |date=19 January 2012 |title=The forgotten story of Zambia's Jewish settlers |url=https://www.cnn.com/2012/01/19/world/africa/zambia-jewish-history/index.html |access-date=17 February 2025 |work=CNN}}</ref>okuva mu 2012 baali batono ddala okusinga Abazambia Abayudaaya ng'abasinga ku bbo baali bawangalira mu Lusaka mu matwale g'Obukiikakkono. Mu Zambia mulimu abantu batono ab'enzikiriza ya Baha ne Buddhists saako ne Sikhs.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> '''Ennimi''' Omuwendo omutuufu ogw'ennimi za Zambia tegumanyiddwa, wadde ng'ebiwandiiko bingi bigamba nti Zambia erina ennimi 73 ez’enjawulo; omuwendo guno guyinza okuba nga guva ku butawulira njawulo wakati w’ennimi n’ebigambo ebikozesebwa eby'enjawulo, nga basinziira ku kuba nti abantu basobola okutegeeragana nga boogera ennimi ez’enjawulo. Okusinziira ku kino, omuwendo gw’ennimi za Zambia guyinza okuba nga guli wakati wa 20 oba 30.<ref name="Chanda, Vincent M., and, Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. 2013 1–173">{{Cite book |author1=Chanda, Vincent M. |year=2013 |title=Speak Zambian Languages: Phrase Book in Bemba, Kaonde, Lozi, Luvale, Lunda, Nyanja and Tonga, all in one |author2=Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson |publisher=UNZA Press |isbn=978-9982-03-073-1 |location=Lusaka, Zambia |pages=1–173}}</ref> Olulimi olutongole mu Zambia lwe Lungereza, olukozesebwa mu bizinensi entongole, eby'enjigiriza, n’amateeka.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" />Olulimi olusinga okwogerwa mu Zambia, naddala mu Lusaka, lwe Lunyaanja (Chewa), oluddako Bemba. Mu birombe bya koppa, Bemba lwe lulimi olusinga okwogerwa era oluddako Nyanja. Olunyaanja n’Olubemba bye byogerwa mu bitundu eby’omu bibuga, okugatta ku nnimi endala eza wano ezaatera okwogerwa mu Zambia. Zino mulimu Lozi, Tumbuka, Kaonde, Tonga, Lunda ne Luvale, ezaalagibwa ku Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation (ZNBC) mu kitundu ky’ennimi za wano.<ref name="BritannicaPeople2">{{Cite web |title=Zambia – People |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambia/People |access-date=1 October 2024 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Chanda, Vincent M., and, Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. 2013 1–1732">{{Cite book |author1=Chanda, Vincent M. |year=2013 |title=Speak Zambian Languages: Phrase Book in Bemba, Kaonde, Lozi, Luvale, Lunda, Nyanja and Tonga, all in one |author2=Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson |publisher=UNZA Press |isbn=978-9982-03-073-1 |location=Lusaka, Zambia |pages=1–173}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. |year=2015 |title=The State of Affairs of Cultural Literacy in Zambia's Multicultural Education System. In A. L. Jotia and J. Dudu (Ed.), Multicultural Education Discourses: Breaking Barriers of Exclusion in Selected African Contexts |publisher=Zebra publishing (Pty) LTD |isbn=978-99945-84-99-4 |location=Windhoek, Namibia |pages=190–204}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] q7herycjm0wyp78hf0f88hjzy0tgx1b 59354 59353 2026-07-06T17:03:28Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ekiba 59354 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Amawanga ga Luba-Lunda oluvannyuma gaakendeera olw'okutunda abaddu mu Atlantic mu Bugwanjuba ne mu Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba ne mu ntalo n'ebibinja ebyali byawuddwa ku bwakabaka. Aba Chokwe, ekibinja ekirina oluganda olw'okumpi ne Luvale era ne kitondebwawo ng'eggwanga lya Lunda satellite, mu kusooka gaakosebwa olw'obwetaavu bwabaddu eri Abazungu, naye bwe baawukana ku bwakabaka, bo bennyini baafuuka batunzi ba baddu abamanyiddwa ennyo, nga batunda abaddu ku mbalama zombi. Abachokwe oluvannyuma baawangulwa amawanga amalala n'Abaportugali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azuonye |first=Chukwuma |date=15 December 1996 |title=Chokwe: (Angola, Zambia) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ejao3vG6nfsC&pg=PA11 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-1990-1 |language=en}}</ref> Obutali butebenkevu buno bwaviirako okugwa kw'obwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'abantu okusaasaanira mu bitundu bya Zambia eby'enjawulo okuva mu Democratic Republic of the Congo. Abazambia abasinga obungi balina obuzaale mu bwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'obwakabaka obulala obuli mu Masekkati ga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1200, ng’eggwanga lya Luba-Lunda terinnatandikibwawo, ekibinja ky’aba Bantu baatandika okusenguka okuva mu Congo Basin okudda ku Nnyanja Mweru ate oluvannyuma ne basenga okumpi n’ennyanja Malawi. Abasenze bano balowoozebwa okuba nga baali abamu ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky’e Upemba mu Democratic Republic of Congo. Mu myaka gya 1400, ebibinja by’abasenze bano awamu baayitibwanga Maravi, era nga mu bo mwalimu Abachewa abaatandika okukoppa ebibinja by’aba Bantu nga Tumbuka.<ref name="Team">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 1480 Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwatandikibwawo kalonga (omukulu w'obwakabaka bwa Maravi) okuva mu kika kya Phiri, kimu ku bika ebikulu, ng'ebirala mulimu Banda, Mwale ne Nkhoma. Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwali buva ku Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Enkulaakulana y'ebyobufuzi ey'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi yali efaanana ey'Obwakabaka bwa Luba era kigambibwa nti bwavaayo. Ekyamaguzi ekikulu eky'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi kyali amasanga, agaatundibwanga okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Ekyuma nakyo kyakolebwanga era ne kitundibwa mu nsi endala. Mu myaka gya 1590, Abapotigo baagezaako okweddiza eby'obusuubuzi n’okutunda Maravi mu nsi endala. Okugezaako kuno kwaleetawo obusungu mu Maravi ab’e Lundu, abaasumulula eggye lyabwe erya WaZimba. WaZimba baalumba ebibuga by’Abapotigo eby’obusuubuzi nga Tete, Sena n’ebibuga ebirala bingi.<ref name="thinkafrica.net">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Abamaravi nabo bateeberezebwa okuba nga baaleeta obulombolombo obwandifuuse ekibiina kya Nyau eky'ekyama okuva e Upemba. Aba Nyau be bakola ku nzikiriza oba eddiini y'obuwangwa ey'abantu b'omu Maravi. Ekibiina kya Nyau kirimu okuzina okw'obulombolombo n'obukookolo obukozesebwa mu kuzina; enzikiriza eno yasaasaana okwetooloola ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maptia |title=The Secret Cult of Nyau Dancers |url=https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108130415/https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-date=8 November 2020 |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=Maptia |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwakendeera olw'enkaayana ezikwata ku busika mu mukago, okulumbibwa Ngoni n'okulumba abaddu okuva mu Yao.<ref name="thinkafrica.net2">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa ne Mfecane''' Ng'Obwakabaka bwa Great Zimbabwe bwali bukendedde, omu ku balangira baabwo, Nyatsimba Mutota, yava mu ggwanga n'atandikawo obwakabaka obupya obuyitibwa Mutapa. Ekitiibwa kya Mwene Mutapa, ekitegeeza "Omulumbaganyi w'Ensi", kyamuweebwa era n'abafuzi abaddirira.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mwene Matapa {{!}} historical dynastic title, southern Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520141810/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |archive-date=20 May 2023 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwafuganga ekitundu ekiri wakati w’Omugga Zambezi n’Omugga Limpopo, mu kitundu ekiriwo kati ekiyitibwa Zambia, Zimbabwe ne Mozambique, okuva mu kyasa ekya 14 okutuusa mu kyasa ekya 17. Mu ntikko yaabwo, Mutapa yali awambye ekitundu kya Dande eky’Omugga Tonga ne Tavara. Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwasinganga kwetaba mu by’obusuubuzi okusomoka Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okutuuka mu mawanga ag’omu Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Okufaananako abantu abaaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu mu Maravi, Mutapa yalina obuzibu n’abasuubuzi Abapotigo abaali bazze. Obutategeeragana buno we bwatuukira ku ntikko, Abapotigo baali bagezezzaako okukyusa mu nsonga z’omunda mu bwakabaka nga batandikawo obutale mu bwakabaka era nga bakyusa abantu okubayingiza Obukristaayo. Ekikolwa kino kyaleetawo obusungu mu Basiraamu AbaSwahili abaali babeera mu kibuga ekikulu, akavuyo kano kaawa Abapotigo ensonga gye baali banoonya okulumba obwakabaka era bagezeeko okufuga ebirombe by'abwo ebya zaabu n'enguudo awayitira amasanga. Obulumbaganyi buno bwagwa butaka Abapotigo bwe baalumbibwa endwadde nga bayita ku mugga Zambezi.<ref name="Mutapa">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1600 enkaayana ez'omunda n'olutalo lw'omunda byatandika okukendeera kwa Mutapa. Obwakabaka obwali bunafuye bwawangulwa Abapotigo era oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera bwatwalibwa amawanga ga Shona bwe baali bawalangana.<ref name="Mutapa2">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Abapotigo nabo baalina ettaka ddene, eryali limanyiddwa nga Prazos, era baakozesanga abaddu n'abaali abaddu ng'abakuumi n'abayizzi. Baatendekanga abasajja mu bukodyo bw'amagye era ne babawa emmundu. Abasajja bano baafuuka abayizzi b'enjovu abakugu era baali bamanyiddwa nga ba Chikunda. Oluvannyuma lw'okukendeera kw'Abapotigo, Chikunda baasobola okwesolossa munda mu Zambia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2019 |title=Chikunda |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227184451/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |archive-date=27 February 2021 |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Portugal okubeera mu kitundu ekyo kyali nsonga lwaki obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwatandikibwawo, eggwanga eryali lyetongodde ku Mutapa. Omukulembeze w'obwakabaka bwa Rozvi, Changamire Dombo, yafuuka omu ku bakulembeze abasingayo amaanyi mu byafaayo bya South-Central Africa. Wansi w'obukulembeze bwe, obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwawangula Abapotigo ne babaggya mu bifo mwe baali bakolera bizineesi ku mugga Zambezi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rozwi {{!}} historical state, Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125203243/https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |archive-date=25 January 2021 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Naye oboolyawo ekyokulabirako ekisinga okumanyibwa mu kino okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti kwe kweyongera kw’Abazulu wansi w’obukulembeze bwa Shaka. Okupikirizibwa okuva eri Abangereza abafuzi b’amatwale mu Cape ne okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti mu Bazulu kyavaako Mfecane (okunyigirizibwa). Abazulu beeyongera nga bayingiza abakazi n’abaana b’ebika bye baawangula, singa abasajja b’ebika bino ebya Nguni baawona okuttibwa, baakozesa obukodyo bw’amagye obw’Abazulu okulumba ebibinja ebirala.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Kino kyaviirako abantu bangi okusenguka, entalo n'obulumbaganyi mu Bukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati ne mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika nga ab'ekika kya Nguni oba Ngoni nga bakulembeddwamu Zwagendaba baasomoka omugga Zambezi nga batambulira mu Bukiikakkono. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni be baakuba ekibuga Maravi Empire ekyali kinafuye. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni abasinga obungi baasenga mu kitundu ekyali Zambia, [[Malawi]], [[Mozambique]] ne [[Tanzania]] era ne beegatta ku bika ebyali mu kitundu ekyo.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history2">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Zambia, ekibinja ekirala eky’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Afirika eky’Abasotho-Tswana abava mu Luba ne Lunda ezaagwa edda abayitibwa Abaluyana baawamba Kololo ne bamussaako olulimi Olukololo okutuusa Abaluyana lwe beekalakaasa ne baggyako Kololo mu kiseera kino olulimi Olukololo lwali lwerabiddwa era olulimi olupya olugattiddwa lwe lwavaamu, SiLozi era Abaluyana baatandika okweyita Abalozi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lozi {{!}} people |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528092724/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |archive-date=28 May 2023 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kya 18, Abamu ku Mbunda baasengukira mu Barotseland, Mongu oluvannyuma lw'okusenguka kw'abantu abalala, nga muno mwe muli, Ciyengele.<ref>'' The elites of Barotseland, 1878–1969: a political history of Zambia's Western Province'': a. Gerald L. Caplan, C. Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd, 1970, {{ISBN|0-900966-38-6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=maniacky |first=jacky |title=bantu zone K |url=http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140411045127/http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-date=2014-04-11 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.bantu-languages.com}}</ref> '''Ekiseera ky'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' '''Abazungu''' Omu ku Bulaaya abaasooka okuwandiikibwa nga baakyalako mu kitundu kino yali omuvumbuzi Omupotigo Francisco de Lacerda ku nkomerero y'ekyasa ekya 18. Lacerda yakulemberamu ekibinja ky'abavumbuzi okuva e Mozambique okutuuka mu kitundu ky'e Kazembe mu Zambia (nga balina ekiruubirirwa eky'okuvumbula n'okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa okuva ku lubalama lw'ennyanja okutuuka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja omulundi ogusooka),<ref>{{cite web |year=1798 |title=Instructions and Travel Diary that Governor Francisco Joze de Lacerda e Almeida Wrote about His Travel to the Center of Africa, Going to the River of Sena, in the Year of 1798 |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905135844/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |archive-date=5 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Library of Congress}}</ref> era n'afa mu kiseera ky'olugendo mu 1798. Olugendo luno okuva olwo lwakulemberwamu mukwano gwe Francisco Pinto.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hartnett |first=Craig |title=Portuguese Expedition to Northern Rhodesia, 1798–99 |url=http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924023553/http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Great North Road (GNR, Northern Rhodesia, Zambia) |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ekitundu kino, ekisangibwa wakati wa Mozambique ne [[Angola]], kyali kigambibwa nti kyali kya Bupotugo mu kiseera ekyo. Abalala abava mu Bulaaya baagoberera mu kyasa 19. Eyasinga okumanyika mu bano yali David Livingstone, eyalina okwolesebwa okw'okukomya okusuubula abaddu ng'ayita mu "3Cs": Obukristaayo, Ebyobusuubuzi, n'Obuwangwa. Ye Muzungu eyasooka okulaba ebisulo by'amazzi ebyewuunyisa ku Mugga Zambezi mu 1855, n'abyogerako bw'ati: "Ebifo ebirabika obulungi bityo biteekwa okuba nga byatunuulirwa bamalayika mu kudduka kwabwe".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Livingstone Discovers Victoria Falls, 1855 |url=http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522092057/http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |archive-date=22 May 2020 |access-date=28 May 2020 |website=EyeWitness to History}}</ref> Mu kitundu kino ebiyiriro bimanyiddwa nga "Mosi-o-Tunya" oba "omukka ogubwatuka" mu lulimi Lozi oba Kololo. Ekibuga Livingstone, okumpi n'ebiyiriro, kiyitibwa erinnya lye. Emboozi ezikwata ku ŋŋendo ze zaali zimanyiddwa nnyo ne kiviirako abagenyi bangi okuva mu Bulaaya, abaminsani, n'abasuubuzi oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwe mu 1873.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627015544/https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-date=27 June 2020 |website=The Provincial Administration Website}}</ref> '''Kampuni ya British South Africa Company''' Mu 1888, kampuni ya British South Africa Company (BSA Company), eyakulemberwa Cecil Rhodes, yafuna olukusa okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka okuva ku Litunga ow'abantu ba Lozi, omukulu w'essaza ly'abantu ba Lozi (Ba-rotse) mu kitundu ekyafuuka Barotziland-North-Western Rhodesia.<ref name="livingstone">{{cite web |author=Livingstone Tourism Association |title=Destination:Zambia&nbsp;– History and Culture |url=http://www.livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012153527/http://livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> Ebuvanjuba, mu Gwekkumineebiri 1897 ekibinja ky’Abangoni oba Abangoni (abaasibuka mu Zululand) beekalakaasa nga bakulemberwa Tsinco, mutabani wa Kabaka Mpezeni, naye obujeemu bwakomezebwawo,<ref name="unam">{{cite web |author1=Human Rights |author2=Documentation Centre |name-list-style=amp |title=Zambia: Historical Background |url=http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311093653/http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-date=11 March 2007 |access-date=14 January 2011}}</ref> era Mpezeni n’akkiriza Pax Britannica. Ekitundu ky’eggwanga ekyo kyatandika okumanyibwa nga Rhodesia ey'omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba. Mu 1895, Rhodes yasaba omusikawutu wa Omumerika Frederick Russell Burnham okunoonya eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka n’engeri y’okulongoosaamu entambula y’emigga mu kitundu ekyo, era mu lugendo luno mwe mwazuulibwa Frederick Russell Burnham eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka bingi ku mugga Kafue.<ref name="burnham1899">{{cite book |last=Burnham |first=Frederick Russell |author-link=Frederick Russell Burnham |year=1899 |title=Bulawayo Up-to-date; Being a General Sketch of Rhodesia |title-link=s:Northern Rhodesia |publisher=Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co. |editor-last=Wills |editor-first=Walter H. |pages=177–180 |chapter=Northern Rhodesia}}</ref> '''Obufuzi bw'amatwale ga Bungereza''' Mu 1953, okutondebwawo kwa Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland z'agatta wamu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono ne Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo, ne Nyasaland (kati Malawi) ng’ekitundu kimu ekyetongodde. Kino kyakolebwa wadde nga waaliwo okuwakanyizibwa okuva mu bantu abatono, abaakola okwekalakaasa okwaliwo mu 1960–61.<ref name="infoplease">{{cite web |author=Pearson Education |title=Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Federation of |url=http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012231959/http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> '''Obwetwaaze''' Omukago gwasaanyizibwawo nga 31 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, era mu Gwoluberyeberye 1964, Kaunda yawangula akalulu k'Obwaminisita bwa Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono. Gavana w'amatwale, Sir Evelyn Hone, yali mukwano nnyo gwa Kaunda era yamukubiriza okwesimbawo ku kifo ekyo. Mangu ddala oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, waaliwo okwekalakaasa mu Bukiikakkono bw'eggwanga eryo eryali limanyiddwa nga Lumpa Uprising nga lyali liduumirwa Alice Lenshina – Kaunda's first internal conflict as leader of the nation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2020 |title=Alice Lenshina |url=https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228081501/https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |archive-date=28 February 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=The British Empire}}</ref> Rhodesia yafuuka Republic of Zambia nga 24 Ogwekkumi 1964, nga Kenneth Kaunda ye pulezidenti eyasooka. Ku kufuna obwetwaze, wadde nga yalina ebyobugagga eby'omu ttaka ebingi, Zambia yasanga okusoomoozebwa okw'amaanyi. Munda mu ggwanga, waaliwo Abazambia abatendeke era abayivu abasukka mu 70,000 abaali basobola okuddukanya gavumenti, era ebyenfuna byali byesigamye nnyo ku bakugu okuva mu mawanga amalala. Obukugu buno bwaweebwa mu ngeri emu oba endala omubaka wa Bungereza mu Zambia John Willson.<ref>[http://www.chu.cam.ac.uk/archives/collections/BDOHP/Willson.pdf WILLSON, John Michael (born 15 July 1931)]{{Dead link|date=June 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}. BDOHP Biographical Details and Interview Index. chu.cam.ac.uk</ref> Waaliwo Abazungu abasukka mu 70,000 ababeera mu Zambia mu 1964, era baasigala nga ba mugaso nnyo mu byenfuna.<ref name="Zambia">{{Cite news|date=1964-10-25|title=1964: President Kaunda takes power in Zambia|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605125604/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-date=5 June 2013|access-date=2025-09-13|url-status=live|language=en-GB}}</ref> Kaunda okuwagira abayeekera ba Patriotic Front abaali bakola obulumbaganyi mu mawanga ag'omuliraano (Bukiikaddyo) Rhodesia kyaleetawo obunkenke mu by'obufuzi era ne kireetawo okukozesa amagye ku nsalo, era kino kyaviirako ensalo okuggalwa mu 1973.<ref name="blackfire">{{cite book |last=Raeburn |first=Michael |year=1978 |title=We are everywhere: Narratives from Rhodesian guerillas |url=https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-0-394-50530-5 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 1–209]}}</ref>Ebbibiro ly'amasannyalaze erya Kariba ku mugga Zambezi lyawa amasannyalaze agamala okukola ku byetaago by'eggwanga eby'amasannyalaze, wadde nga Rhodesia ye yali ekola ku by'amasannyalaze. Nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1978, ennyonyi ey'abantu ba bulijjo, Air Rhodesia Flight 825, yakubibwa amasasi okumpi ne Kariba abayeekera ba Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) abaakulemberwa Joshua Nkomo. Rhodesia yaddamu n'ekikwekweto kya Gatling, okulumba enkambi endala mu Zambia nga bakozesa amaanyi g'ennyonyi n'abajaasi abakugu mu kubuuka mu bbanga n'abajaasi abakugu mu kukozesa ennyonyi.<ref>{{cite web |title=GREEN LEADER. OPERATION GATLING, THE RHODESIAN MILITARY'S RESPONSE TO THE VISCOUNT TRAGEDY |url=http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125155440/http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-date=25 January 2017 |access-date=22 April 2017}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1970, Mozambique ne Angola zaali zifunye obwetwaze okuva ku Portugal. Gavumenti ya Rhodesia eyali esingamu abazungu, eyafulumya Ekirangiriro ky’Obwetwaze mu 1965, yakkiriza obufuzi obw’abantu abangi wansi w’Endagaano ya Lancaster House mu 1979.<ref name="zimstudy">{{cite book |last=Nelson |first=Harold |year=1983 |title=Zimbabwe: A Country Study |publisher=Claitors Publishing Division |isbn=978-0-16-001598-4 |pages=54–137}}</ref> Obukuubagano mu bitundu byombi ebyali bifugibwa Abapotigo n'olutalo lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwa [[Namibia]] byaviirako okuyingira kw'abanoonyi b'obubudamuera ne kyongera ku buzibu bw'ebyentambula. Oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Benguela, olwayita mu [[Angola]], lwaggalwawo ddala eri ebyentambula bya Zambia mu myaka gya 1970 egyali gisembayo. Zambia okuwagira ebibiina ebirwanyisa obusosoze mu mawanga nga African National Congress (ANC) era kyaleetawo obuzibu bw'ebyokwerinda ng'amagye ga South Africa Defence Force galumba ebifo ebitali bimu mu lutalo lw'okulwanyisa obwetwaze bwa Namibia.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Evans, M. |year=1984 |title=The Front-Line States, South Africa and Southern African Security: Military Prospects and Perspectives |url=http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/Journal%20of%20the%20University%20of%20Zimbabwe/vol12n1/juz012001002.pdf |journal=Zambezia |volume=12 |page=1}}</ref> '''Ebizibu by'ebyenfuna''' Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1970, omuwendo gwa kkopa, ekyamaguzi ekikulu ekiva mu Zambia, gwasereba nnyo mu nsi yonna. Mu mbeera ya Zambia, obungi bw'okutambuza kkopa eŋŋendo empanvu okutuuka mu katale kyali kizibu kinene. Zambia yasaba obuyambi okuva mu mawanga ag'ebweru n'ag'ensi yonna, naye, nga bbeeyi ya kkopa esigadde nga yasereba, kyeyongera okubeera ekizibu okusasula amabanja gaayo agaali geeyongera. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1990, wadde nga tewaaliwo kusonyiyibwa mabanja, ebbeyi ya kkopa eyali eva mu Zambia yali emu ku bintu ebyali bisinga okuba eby'ebbeeyi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia (12/08) |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625080205/https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |archive-date=25 June 2020 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> '''Okukola ku nsonga z'abantu''' Mu Gwomukaaga 1990, obwegugungo obwali buwakanya Kaunda bwatandika era abeekalakaasi bangi battibwa gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2020 |title=About Zambia |url=http://www.psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509233410/http://psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-date=9 May 2016 |access-date=20 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bartlett |first=David M. C. |date=2000 |title=Civil Society and Democracy: A Zambian Case Study |journal=Journal of Southern African Studies |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=429–446 |doi=10.1080/030570700750019655 |issn=0305-7070 |jstor=2637411 |s2cid=143480603}}</ref>Mu 1990, Kaunda yawona okulumbibwa amagye, era mu 1991, yakkiriza okuzzaawo enfuga ey'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, oluvannyuma lw'okussaawo enfuga ey'ekibiina ekimu wansi w'akakiiko ka Choma aka 1972. Oluvannyuma lw'okulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, Kaunda yaggyibwa mu woofiisi oluvannyuma lw'okuwangulwa mu kulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi Frederick Chiluba. Mu myaka gya 2000, ebyenfuna byanywerera, ne bituuka ku kweyongera kw'ebbeeyi y'ebintu mu 2006–2007, okweyongera kw'ebyenfuna, okukendeera kw'amagoba, n'okweyongera kw'omutindo gw'ebyobusuubuzi. Bingi ku kukulaakulana kuno kuvudde ku kusiga ensimbi okuva ebweru mu by'okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka n'okweyongera kw'emiwendo gy'ekikomo mu nsi yonna. Bino byonna byaleetera Zambia okusikirizibwa ennyo abagabi b'obuyambi era ne kireetera abasiga nsimbi okwongera okwesiga eggwanga lino. == Ebyobufuzi == Ebyobufuzi mu Zambia bitambulira mu nkola ey'omukulembeze w'eggwanga omukiise mu demokulasiya ow'eggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo, omukulembeze wa Zambia y'akulira eggwanga era akulira gavumenti mu ggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo. Gavumenti ekozesa obuyinza obw'okuteeka mu nkola, ate obuyinza obw'okukola amateeka buweebwa gavumenti ne paalamenti. Zambia yafuuka repubuliki oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu Gwekkumi 1964. Okuva mu 2011 okutuuka mu 2014, pulezidenti wa Zambia yali Michael Sata, okutuusa Sata lwe yafa nga 28 Ogwekkumi 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zambian President Michael Sata dies in London - BBC News|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705073526/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-date=2017-07-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=BBC News|language=en-GB}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Sata, omumyuka wa pulezidenti Guy Scott, Omuzambia ow'ensibuko y'Abasikawutu, yafuuka omukungu akola nga pulezidenti. Okulonda kwa pulezidenti kwaliwo nga 22 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015. Omugatte gw’abantu 11 abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti be beesimbawo mu kulonda era nga 24 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015, kyalangirirwa nti Edgar Chagwa Lungu yali awangudde okulonda okufuuka pulezidenti ow’omukaaga. Yawangula ebitundu 48.33% eby’obululu, ng’obululu 1.66% bwali bumusinga ku munnabyabufuzi akyasinze okuvuganya gavumenti, Hakainde Hichilema, eyafuna ebitundu 46.67%.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Defence Minister Lungu wins Zambia's disputed presidential race|url=http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305065726/http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-date=2016-03-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=Yahoo News|language=en-US}}</ref>Abantu abalala mwenda abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti baafuna obululu obutaweza na bitundu 1% ku bululu bwonna. Mu kulonda pkwaliwo mu Gwomunaana 2016 Zambian general election pulezidenti Edgar Lungu yawangula okulonda okw’omulundi ogw’okubiri. Omukago ogutaba ebibiina by’ebyobufuzi ogwa Patriotic Front (PF) gwagaana ebyali byogerwa ab’oludda oluvuganya gavumenti, UPND party.<ref name="bbc-15aug2016">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|title=Zambia's President Edgar Lungu declared election winner|work=BBC News|date=15 August 2016|access-date=17 May 2021|archive-date=26 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026223033/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021, okwalimu abalonzi 70% ku abo abaali basuubirwa, Hakainde Hichilema yawangula ebitundu 59% eby’obululu, ng’omuvuganya we eyali asingayo okuba ow’amaanyi, Edgar Chagwa Lungu, eyali pulezidenti mu kiseera ekyo, yafuna ebitundu 39% eby’obululu.<ref name="zm-elec-39">{{Cite news|url=https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm|title=Presidential Election Results|work=Electoral Commission of Zambia|date=16 August 2021|access-date=27 December 2021|archive-date=2 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102194510/https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm/}}</ref> Nga 16 Ogwomunaana Edgar Lungu yakkiriza mu kiwandiiko kye yafulumya ku ttivi, ng’aweereza ebbaluwa era ng’ayozayoza pulezidenti omulonde Hakainde Hichilema.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-08-16|title=Zambia election: Hakainde Hichilema beats President Edgar Lungu|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|access-date=2021-08-16|archive-date=24 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824152003/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|last=Kabwe|first=Zitto|author-link=Zitto Kabwe|user=zittokabwe|number=1426967254986629126|date=15 August 2021|title=#Zambia President @EdgarCLungu has conceded in a letter sent to now president elect @HHichilema of @UPNDZM. Once again Zambia has shown the world the level of its democratic maturity. Peaceful transfer of power is happening for third time in history. Congratulations Zambians|language=en|access-date=30 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827180204/https://twitter.com/zittokabwe/status/1426967254986629126|archive-date=27 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomunaana 2021, Hakainde Hichilema yalayizibwa nga pulezidenti wa Zambia omuggya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2021 |title=Zambia's Hakainde Hichilema sworn in as President in rare victory for an African opposition leader |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116213703/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |archive-date=16 November 2021 |access-date=16 November 2021}}</ref> '''Amaggye''' Mu 2019, Zambia yassa omukono ku ndagaano ya UN ekwata ku Kuziyiza eby'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa ebya Nukiriya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2017 |title=Chapter XXVI: Disarmament&nbsp;– No. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806220546/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |archive-date=6 August 2019 |access-date=18 October 2019 |publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection}}</ref> '''Amateeka n'eddembe ly'obuntu''' Gavumenti evunaanye abavumirira nga bakozesa ebigambo by'amateeka nti baali bawabya abantu. Amateeka agakwata ku kuwandiika ebintu ebikyamu gakozesebwa okukugira eddembe ly'okwogera ne bannamawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2015 |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225030706/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-date=2021-02-25 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=2009-2017.state.gov}}</ref> Ebikolwa eby'okweganza wakati w'abantu ab'ekikula ekimu kimenya mateeka eri abasajja n'abakazi mu Zambia.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 May 2016 |title=State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition |url=http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902183618/http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |archive-date=2 September 2017 |access-date=29 July 2017 |website=[[International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Daniel|last=Avery|title=71 Countries Where Homosexuality is Illegal|url=https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|work=Newsweek|date=4 April 2019|access-date=18 August 2019|archive-date=11 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211204842/https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|url-status=live}}</ref> Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu 2010 kwalaga nti ebitundu 2% ebya Bannansi ba Zambia bakitwala nti okulya ebisiyaga tekirina buzibu bwonna ku mpisa.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Meyer |first1=Birgit |date=2021 |title=What Is Religion in Africa? Relational Dynamics in an Entangled World |journal=Journal of Religion in Africa |publisher=Brill |volume=50 |issue=1–2 |pages=156–181 |doi=10.1163/15700666-12340184 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2019, kyategeezebwa nti Omubaka wa Amerika mu Zambia Daniel Lewis Foote "yakwatibwa ensisi" olw'engeri Zambia gy'ekuumamu abalyi b'ebisiyaga mu makomera. Oluvannyuma lw'okujulira ne kulema era nga n'abafumbo bano Japhet Chataba ne Steven Samba baasalirwa ekibonerezo kya kusibibwa emyaka 15 mu makomera, Foote yasaba gavumenti ya Zambia okuddamu okwekenneenya omusango guno n'amateeka ga Zambia agalwanyisa ebisiyaga. Foote yafuna obuzibu era n'asazaamu okujja mu bantu oluvannyuma lw'okutiisibwatiisibwa ku mikutu gya yintaneeti, era oluvannyuma lw'okulangirirwa Lungu nti y'omuntu ataagalwa mu ggwanga eryo.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 December 2019 |title=US recalls ambassador to Zambia after gay rights row |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231195603/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |archive-date=31 December 2019 |access-date=12 January 2020 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 2026, gavumenti ya Zambia yavumirirwa olw'okwongezaayo olukiiko olw'amaanyi olw'ensi yonna olw'eddembe ly'obuntu, RightsCon, ennaku musanvu zokka nga tezinnatuuka okubeerawo mu Lusaka. Olukiiko olwo oluvannyuma lwasazibwamu oluvannyuma lw'okumanya nti gavumenti ya Zambia yali esaba, kirabika nga kya kusaba kw'abakungu ba China, okulungamya n'okuggyako aboogezi okuva e Taiwan. Abakugu baayogedde ku kweraliikirira olw'okulondoola n'okweyongera kw'obulabe eri ebitongole by'obwanakyewa.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gault ·|first1=Matthew|title=World's Largest Digital Human Rights Conference Suddenly Canceled|url=https://www.404media.co/rightscon-human-rights-conference-suddenly-postponed/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=404 Media|date=29 April 2026|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Elliott|first1=Vittoria|title=The Chinese Government Just Got the World's Largest Digital Rights Conference Canceled|url=https://www.wired.com/story/the-chinese-government-pressured-zambia-to-cancel-the-worlds-largest-digital-rights-conference/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Wired|date=1 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hendrix|first1=Justin|title=RightsCon Canceled After Zambia Requires 'Full Alignment' With 'National Values'|url=https://www.techpolicy.press/rightscon-canceled-after-zambia-requires-full-alignment-with-national-values/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Tech Policy Press|date=30 April 2026|language=en}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo by'abantu''' Okusinziira ku kubala abantu okwa 2022 mu Zambia, omuwendo gw'abantu mu Zambia gwali 19,610,769.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia's Population up to 19,610,769 in 2022 from 13,092,666 in 2010 – Zambia Statistics Agency |url=https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305022051/https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |archive-date=5 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ebibinja by'abantu ebisinga obunene mu Zambia beebo abayitibwa Bemba obukadde 3.3 (33.6%), Nyanja obukadde 1.8 (18.2%), Tonga obukadde 1.7 (16.8%), Abantu ab’omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba 1,000,000 (10.3%), Abalozii (Barotse) 770,000 (7.8%), Abamabwe 580,000 (5.9%), Abatumbuka 500,000 (5.1%), Abalamba 165,000 (2%), Abayindi 11,900 n’Abazungu 6,200.<ref>{{cite journal |date=2 November 2023 |title=Zambia |url=https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909114747/https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |archive-date=9 September 2023 |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=minorityrights.org}}</ref> Zambia y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubeeramu abantu mu bibuga mu Afirika eri wansi wa Sahara, ng'ebitundu 44% eby'abantu babeera mu bitundu ebisinga okubeeramu entambula, so ng'ate ebyalo birimu abantu batono nnyo. Omuwendo gw'abaana abazaalibwa gwali 6.2 mu 2007 (6.1 mu 1996, 5.9 mu 2001–02).<ref>{{cite web |title=Welcome to the Official site of Zambian Statistics |url=http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113144454/http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-date=13 November 2014 |access-date=11 April 2014 |publisher=Zamstats.gov.zm}}</ref> '''Ebibuga ebisinga obunene''' Okutandika kw'okuyiikuula ekikomo mu makolero ku Copperbelt mu myaka gya 1920 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga. Wadde ng'okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga kwali kuteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, kyali kinene nnyo.[1] Ebibuga ebikolebwamu eby'obugagga ku Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali eteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, yali nnene nnyo.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Potts |first=Deborah |date=2005 |title=Counter-urbanisation on the Zambian Copperbelt? Interpretations and implications |journal=Urban Studies |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=583–609 |bibcode=2005UrbSt..42..583P |doi=10.1080/00420980500060137 |s2cid=154412136}}</ref> Ebibuga ebirimu ebirombe bya Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali y'etoloolera ku gaali z'omukka n'enguudo okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwe bironbe bya kkoppa okuyita mu Kapiri Mposhi, Lusaka, Choma ne Livingstone. '''Ebibinja by'abantu''' Zambia elimu ebika nga 73,<ref name="BritannicaPeople">{{Cite web |title=Zambia – People |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambia/People |access-date=1 October 2024 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref><ref name="epr">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> wadde mu nkola waliwo ebibinja ebitono ebirabika obulungi.[2] Abazambia abasinga boogera Olubantu.<ref name="epr2">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ebibinja ebisinga obunene mu lulimi bye Bemba, Nyanja (era ekiyitibwa Chewa), ne Tonga; ebibinja ebirala ebitali binene nnyo bye Kaonde, Lozi, Luanda, ne Luvale.[2]<ref name="epr" /> Mu 2010, omuwendo gw'abantu gwateeberezebwa okuba ebitundu 21% Bemba, ebitundu 13.6% Tonga, ebitundu 7.4% Chewa, ebitundu 5.7% Lozi, ebitundu 5.3% Nsenga, ebitundu 4.4% Tumbuka, ebitundu 4.0% Ngoni, ne 38.6% abalala.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Bemba kye kisinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkono, Luapula, ne Copperbelt; ekibinja kya Tonga mu bitundu by'Obukiikaddyo, n'eby'Obugwanjuba; n'ekibinja kya Lozi mu bitundu by'Obugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Tumbuka ekitono ennyo kisangibwa mu kiwonvu kya Luangwa mu Buvanjuba.[2] Tewali kibinja ky'abantu aboogera olulimi olumu abasinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ebitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba tebirimu bantu bangi nnyo.<ref name="epr3">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ng’oggyeko olulimi, obuwangwa bukulu mu Zambia.<ref name="epr3" />Obuwangwa buno batera okubukwataganya n’obwesigwa bw’amaka oba n’ab’obuyinza eb'ennono. Obuwangwa buno busengekeddwa mu bibinja by’ennimi ebikulu.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Posner |first=Daniel N. |date=2005-06-06 |title=Institutions and Ethnic Politics in Africa |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-83398-1 |language=en |doi=10.1017/CBO9780511808661 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083432/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |archive-date=2023-03-21}}</ref> Abagwiira, okusingira ddala Abangereza oba Aba South Afrika, wamu n'abamu ku bannansi ba Zambia abeeru Abazungu abava mu Bungereza, babeera nnyo mu Lusaka ne mu Copperbelt mu Bukiikakkono bwa Zambia, gye baba nga bakola mu birombe, mu by'ensimbi n'emirimu emirala egifaananako bwe gityo oba nga bawummudde. Waaliwo Abazungu 70,000 mu Zambia mu 1964, naye bangi okuva olwo bavudde mu ggwanga.<ref name="Zambia" /> Zambia erina abantu abatono naye nga balina omugaso mu byenfuna abava mu Asia, abasinga obungi ku bo Buhindi ne Bachina. Ekibinja kino eky’abantu abatono ky'ekikyasinze okufuga eby’enfuna nga kye kikola ku by’okutunda ebintu. Kiteeberezebwa nti Abachina nga 80,000 be baali babeera mu Zambia mu 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ZAMBIA: Zambians wary of |url=http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910230935/http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-date=2011-09-10 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=IRINnews}}</ref> Mu myaka egiyise, ebikumi n’ebikumi by’abalimi abazungu abaali bagobeddwa mu Zimbabwe baasengukira e Zambia oluvannyuma lw’okuyitibwa gavumenti ya Zambia, okutandika okulima mu matwae g'omu Bukiikaddyo.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zim's Loss, Zam's gain: White Zimbabweans making good in Zambia|date=June 2004|newspaper=The Economist|access-date=28 August 2009|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110215085211/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-date=15 February 2011}}</ref><ref name="Spiegel">{{Cite news|title=Settling in Zambia: Zimbabwe's Displaced Farmers Find a New Home|last=Thielke|first=Thilo|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|date=27 December 2004|access-date=28 August 2009|periodical=[[Der Spiegel]]|archive-date=19 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619050250/http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza okwalebwa ku banoonyi b'obubuddamu mu 2009 ekyakubibwa akakiikio ka America akavunanyizibwa ku banoonyi b'obubudamu n'abagwiira eka U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, Zambia yalina omuwendo gw’abanoonyi b’obubudamu n’abanoonya obubudamu nga bali 88,900. Abanoonyi b’obubudamu abasinga obungi mu ggwanga baava mu Democratic Republic of the Congo (ababundabunda 47,300 okuva mu DRC ng'ababeera mu Zambia mu 2007), Angola (27,100 Bannangola Zambia), Zimbabwe (5,400) ne Rwanda (4,900).<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009">{{cite news|title=World Refugee Survey 2009|publisher=U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants|url=http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211175633/http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-date=11 December 2013}}</ref> Bannansi ba Zambia okutwaliza awamu baaniriza abagwira. Okutandika mu Gwokutaano 2008, omuwendo gw'Abazimbabwe mu Zambia gwatandika okulinnya ennyo; okuyingira kwali kusinga kw'Abazimbabwe abaali babeera mu South Africa abaali badduka obutabanguko obwali mu ggwanga eryo.<ref name="IRIN">{{Cite news|title=Zambia: Rising levels of resentment towards Zimbabweans|date=9 June 2008|access-date=7 August 2023|periodical=[[The New Humanitarian|IRIN News]]|url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2008/06/09/rising-levels-resentment-towards-zimbabweans|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930005909/http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=78648|archive-date=2009-09-30}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Kumpi abanoonyi b'obubudamo 60,000 babeera mu nkambi mu Zambia, ate 50,000 babeera mu bantu ba bulijjo. Abanoonyi b'obubudamo abaagala okukola mu Zambia balina okusaba olukusa saako n'ebiwandiiko ebikukkiriza okukola nga bino biyinza okutwala ddoola 500 buli mwaka.<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009" /> '''Eddiini''' Zambia mu butongole "eggwanga ery'Ekiikuristaayo" wansi wa Ssemateeka w'eggwanga owa 1996, naye essa ekitiibwa mu kukuuma eddembe ly'eddiini n'okusinza.<ref>{{cite web |date=30 June 2008 |title=Constitution of Zambia, 1991(Amended to 1996) |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105055544/http://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |archive-date=5 November 2012 |access-date=18 December 2012 |publisher=Scribd.com}}</ref> Zambia lye ggwanga lyokka mu Afirika erirangirira Obukristaayo ng'eddiini y'eggwanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Haynes |first=N. |date=2021 |title=Taking Dominion in a Christian Nation: North American Political Theology in an African Context |journal=Pneuma |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=214–232 |doi=10.1163/15700747-bja10036 |hdl=20.500.11820/48b556a6-cf81-4058-bf5b-894934a35ca0 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ekitongole kya Zambia ekivunaanyizibwa ku kubala abantu ekya Zambia Statistics Agency mu 2022 kyabalirira nti 98.0% ku Bannazambia Bakristaayo, nga 74.5% Bapulotesitanti, 17.9% Bakatoliki ate 5.6% Bajulirwa ba Yakuwa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2025-07-24 |title=RELIGIOUS LANDSCAPE OF ZAMBIA: AN ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF THE 2022 CENSUS FINDINGS |url=https://www.amulufeblog.com/2025/07/religious-landscape-of-zambia.html |access-date=2026-02-12 |website=Amulufeblog |language=en}}</ref> Enzikiriza z'ekikulisitaayo mu Zambia mulimu Apolotesitante, Abavangelika saako n'Abapentecoote.<ref name=":1" /> Obukristaayo bwatuuka mu Zambia okuyita mu bufuzi bw'amatwale obw'Abazungu, era enjawulo yaakyo ey'ebibiina eby'enjawulo eraga enkyukakyuka mu nkola y'obuminsani; okugeza, Obukatoliki bwava mu Mozambique ey'Abaportugalezi mu Buvanjuba, so ng'Obulokole bwava mu Bungereza mu Bukiikaddyo. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu 1964, Zambia yalaba okweyongera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibiina by'obuminsani ebirala okuva mu bitundu by'ensi ebitali bimu, naddala Amerika ey'Obukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. Mu byasa ebyaddirira, emirimu gy'obuminsani egy'Abazungu egyaddira abakkiriza ab'omu kitundu (okuggyako ebifo ebimu eby'obuminsani, gamba ng'abasawo). Oluvannyuma lwa Frederick Chiluba, Omukulisitaayo Omukristaayo, okufuuka pulezidenti mu 1991, ebibiina by'obuminsani eby'Abazungu byeyongera nnyo okwetooloola Zambia okuva mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu 1964, Zambia yalaba okweyongera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibiina by'obuminsani eby'Abazungu okuva mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani.<ref name="pentecostal">{{cite book |last=Steel |first=Matthew |year=2005 |title=Pentecostalism in Zambia: Power, Authority and the Overcomers |publisher=University of Wales |id=MSc Dissertation}}</ref> Eddiini z'Ekikristaayo ezimu ezirina abagoberezi batono mu nsi yonna zimanyiddwa nnyo mu Zambia. Eggwanga lino lirina abantu abawerako ab'enzikiriza y'eki Adiventi nga mu bibala ku Bazambia 18 osangamu 1 omu Adiventi.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 October 2012 |title=Zambia Union Conference&nbsp;– Adventist Directory |url=http://www.adventistdirectory.org/ViewAdmField.aspx?AdmFieldID=ZAUM |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427045842/https://www.adventistdirectory.org/ViewAdmField.aspx?AdmFieldID=ZAUM |archive-date=27 April 2023 |access-date=18 December 2012 |publisher=Adventistdirectory.org}}</ref> Ekkanisa y'Abalokole eya Central Africa erimu abagoberezi abasukka mu 11,000 mu ggwanga.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lutheran Church of Central Africa: Zambia |url=http://www.celc.info/site/cpage.asp?sec_id=180010197&cpage_id=180031341 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131193035/http://www.celc.info/site/cpage.asp?sec_id=180010197&cpage_id=180031341 |archive-date=31 January 2017 |publisher=Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference}}</ref> Abantu abasukka mu bitundu 12 ku buli kikumi mu Zambia basabira mu Kkanisa ya New Apostostoc Church.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hayashida |first=Nelson Osamu |date=1999 |title=Dreams in the African Literature: The Significance of Dreams and Visions Among Zambian Baptists |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CkNC6-Wmga4C&q=One+in+11+Zambians+is+a+member+of+the+New+Apostolic+Church&pg=PA36 |publisher=Rodopi |isbn=978-90-420-0596-9 |language=en |access-date=3 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518182155/https://books.google.com/books?id=CkNC6-Wmga4C&q=One+in+11+Zambians+is+a+member+of+the+New+Apostolic+Church&pg=PA36#v=snippet&q=One%20in%2011%20Zambians%20is%20a%20member%20of%20the%20New%20Apostolic%20Church&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nga balina abagoberezi abasukka mu kakadde kamu mu emitwalo abiri, eggwanga lirimu ekibiina ky'Abaseveniside ekisinga obunene mu Afirika, okuva ku bantu abasukka mu bukadde mwenda mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Membership figures of the global Church as at the end of 2009: New Apostolic Church International (NAC) |url=http://www.nak.org/news/naci-news/article/16710/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626032545/http://www.nak.org/news/naci-news/article/16710/ |archive-date=26 June 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.nak.org}}</ref> Abantu nga 2.7% ku Bannazambia Basiraamu, abasinga obungi nga Basunni n’abalala abatonotono nga Abaismaili ne Twelver Shia.<ref name="2023RIRF">{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2023-report-on-international-religious-freedom/zambia/ |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=United States Department of State |language=en-US}}</ref> Abasiraamu abali mu Zambia, abalina okubalibwa okw’omulundi ogumu nga 100,000 okusinziira ku kuteebereza okumu okwakolebwa, bazingiramu abanoonyi b’obubudamu okuva e Congo ne [[Somalia]], awamu n’abagwiira okuva mu South Asia ne mu ddungu ly'ebuwalabu abafuuse Bannazambia.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> Abahindu, abasinga obungi nga ba South Asian ancestry, baali nga 10,000 okusinziira ku kuteebereza okumu okwakolebwa, mu 2019.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> Ku ntikko y'akyo mu myaka gya 1960, Abayudaaya abaali mu Zambia abaali bawerera ddala 10,000 ng'abasinga baali basibuka mu Lithuania, Latvia ne Bugirimaani,<ref>{{cite web |last=Tutton |first=Mark |date=19 January 2012 |title=The forgotten story of Zambia's Jewish settlers |url=https://www.cnn.com/2012/01/19/world/africa/zambia-jewish-history/index.html |access-date=17 February 2025 |work=CNN}}</ref>okuva mu 2012 baali batono ddala okusinga Abazambia Abayudaaya ng'abasinga ku bbo baali bawangalira mu Lusaka mu matwale g'Obukiikakkono. Mu Zambia mulimu abantu batono ab'enzikiriza ya Baha ne Buddhists saako ne Sikhs.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> '''Ennimi''' Omuwendo omutuufu ogw'ennimi za Zambia tegumanyiddwa, wadde ng'ebiwandiiko bingi bigamba nti Zambia erina ennimi 73 ez’enjawulo; omuwendo guno guyinza okuba nga guva ku butawulira njawulo wakati w’ennimi n’ebigambo ebikozesebwa eby'enjawulo, nga basinziira ku kuba nti abantu basobola okutegeeragana nga boogera ennimi ez’enjawulo. Okusinziira ku kino, omuwendo gw’ennimi za Zambia guyinza okuba nga guli wakati wa 20 oba 30.<ref name="Chanda, Vincent M., and, Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. 2013 1–173">{{Cite book |author1=Chanda, Vincent M. |year=2013 |title=Speak Zambian Languages: Phrase Book in Bemba, Kaonde, Lozi, Luvale, Lunda, Nyanja and Tonga, all in one |author2=Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson |publisher=UNZA Press |isbn=978-9982-03-073-1 |location=Lusaka, Zambia |pages=1–173}}</ref> Olulimi olutongole mu Zambia lwe Lungereza, olukozesebwa mu bizinensi entongole, eby'enjigiriza, n’amateeka.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" />Olulimi olusinga okwogerwa mu Zambia, naddala mu Lusaka, lwe Lunyaanja (Chewa), oluddako Bemba. Mu birombe bya koppa, Bemba lwe lulimi olusinga okwogerwa era oluddako Nyanja. Olunyaanja n’Olubemba bye byogerwa mu bitundu eby’omu bibuga, okugatta ku nnimi endala eza wano ezaatera okwogerwa mu Zambia. Zino mulimu Lozi, Tumbuka, Kaonde, Tonga, Lunda ne Luvale, ezaalagibwa ku Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation (ZNBC) mu kitundu ky’ennimi za wano.<ref name="BritannicaPeople2">{{Cite web |title=Zambia – People |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambia/People |access-date=1 October 2024 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Chanda, Vincent M., and, Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. 2013 1–1732">{{Cite book |author1=Chanda, Vincent M. |year=2013 |title=Speak Zambian Languages: Phrase Book in Bemba, Kaonde, Lozi, Luvale, Lunda, Nyanja and Tonga, all in one |author2=Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson |publisher=UNZA Press |isbn=978-9982-03-073-1 |location=Lusaka, Zambia |pages=1–173}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. |year=2015 |title=The State of Affairs of Cultural Literacy in Zambia's Multicultural Education System. In A. L. Jotia and J. Dudu (Ed.), Multicultural Education Discourses: Breaking Barriers of Exclusion in Selected African Contexts |publisher=Zebra publishing (Pty) LTD |isbn=978-99945-84-99-4 |location=Windhoek, Namibia |pages=190–204}}</ref> Abasinga obungi bajja kwogera Olubemba n'Olunyanja mu Copperbelt; Olunyanja lusinga kwogerwa mu Lusaka ne mu buvanjuba bwa Zambia. Oluzungu lukozesebwa mu mpuliziganya entongole era lwe lulimi olusinga okwogerwa mu maka mu bantu abava mu mawanga ag'enjawulo. Enkulaakulana eno ey'ennimi ereetedde olulimi olwogerwa mu Lusaka ne mu bibuga ebirala ebikulu. Abasinga obungi mu Zambia batera okwogera ennimi ezisukka mu emu: olulimi olutongole, Oluzungu, n'olulimi olusinga okwogerwa mu kibuga oba mu kitundu gye babeera. Olupotugo luyigirizibwa ng'olulimi olw'okubiri mu masomo g'essomero olw'okubeerawo kw'Abangereza aboogera Olupotugo abangi mu Zambia. Oluzungu lukozesebwa mu mpuliziganya entongole era lwe lulimi olusinga okwogerwa mu maka mu bantu abava mu mawanga ag'enjawulo. Enkulaakulana eno ey'ennimi ereetedde olulimi olwogerwa mu Lusaka ne mu bibuga ebilala ebikulu. Abasinga obungi mu Zambia batera okwogera ennimi ezisukka mu emu: olulimi olutongole, Oluzungu, n'olulimi olusinga okwogerwa mu kibuga oba mu kitundu gye babeera. Olupotugo luyigirizibwa ng'olulimi olw'okubiri mu masomo g'essomero olw'okubeerawo kw'aboogera mu Zambia. == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] q1dzqlf77gvx1iuquk9vwmyzwvbysje 59355 59354 2026-07-06T17:06:46Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nterezezza mu mpandiika 59355 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Amawanga ga Luba-Lunda oluvannyuma gaakendeera olw'okutunda abaddu mu Atlantic mu Bugwanjuba ne mu Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba ne mu ntalo n'ebibinja ebyali byawuddwa ku bwakabaka. Aba Chokwe, ekibinja ekirina oluganda olw'okumpi ne Luvale era ne kitondebwawo ng'eggwanga lya Lunda satellite, mu kusooka gaakosebwa olw'obwetaavu bwabaddu eri Abazungu, naye bwe baawukana ku bwakabaka, bo bennyini baafuuka batunzi ba baddu abamanyiddwa ennyo, nga batunda abaddu ku mbalama zombi. Abachokwe oluvannyuma baawangulwa amawanga amalala n'Abaportugali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azuonye |first=Chukwuma |date=15 December 1996 |title=Chokwe: (Angola, Zambia) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ejao3vG6nfsC&pg=PA11 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-1990-1 |language=en}}</ref> Obutali butebenkevu buno bwaviirako okugwa kw'obwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'abantu okusaasaanira mu bitundu bya Zambia eby'enjawulo okuva mu Democratic Republic of the Congo. Abazambia abasinga obungi balina obuzaale mu bwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'obwakabaka obulala obuli mu Masekkati ga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1200, ng’eggwanga lya Luba-Lunda terinnatandikibwawo, ekibinja ky’aba Bantu baatandika okusenguka okuva mu Congo Basin okudda ku Nnyanja Mweru ate oluvannyuma ne basenga okumpi n’ennyanja Malawi. Abasenze bano balowoozebwa okuba nga baali abamu ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky’e Upemba mu Democratic Republic of Congo. Mu myaka gya 1400, ebibinja by’abasenze bano awamu baayitibwanga Maravi, era nga mu bo mwalimu Abachewa abaatandika okukoppa ebibinja by’aba Bantu nga Tumbuka.<ref name="Team">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 1480 Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwatandikibwawo kalonga (omukulu w'obwakabaka bwa Maravi) okuva mu kika kya Phiri, kimu ku bika ebikulu, ng'ebirala mulimu Banda, Mwale ne Nkhoma. Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwali buva ku Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Enkulaakulana y'ebyobufuzi ey'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi yali efaanana ey'Obwakabaka bwa Luba era kigambibwa nti bwavaayo. Ekyamaguzi ekikulu eky'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi kyali amasanga, agaatundibwanga okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Ekyuma nakyo kyakolebwanga era ne kitundibwa mu nsi endala. Mu myaka gya 1590, Abapotigo baagezaako okweddiza eby'obusuubuzi n’okutunda Maravi mu nsi endala. Okugezaako kuno kwaleetawo obusungu mu Maravi ab’e Lundu, abaasumulula eggye lyabwe erya WaZimba. WaZimba baalumba ebibuga by’Abapotigo eby’obusuubuzi nga Tete, Sena n’ebibuga ebirala bingi.<ref name="thinkafrica.net">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Abamaravi nabo bateeberezebwa okuba nga baaleeta obulombolombo obwandifuuse ekibiina kya Nyau eky'ekyama okuva e Upemba. Aba Nyau be bakola ku nzikiriza oba eddiini y'obuwangwa ey'abantu b'omu Maravi. Ekibiina kya Nyau kirimu okuzina okw'obulombolombo n'obukookolo obukozesebwa mu kuzina; enzikiriza eno yasaasaana okwetooloola ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maptia |title=The Secret Cult of Nyau Dancers |url=https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108130415/https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-date=8 November 2020 |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=Maptia |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwakendeera olw'enkaayana ezikwata ku busika mu mukago, okulumbibwa Ngoni n'okulumba abaddu okuva mu Yao.<ref name="thinkafrica.net2">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa ne Mfecane''' Ng'Obwakabaka bwa Great Zimbabwe bwali bukendedde, omu ku balangira baabwo, Nyatsimba Mutota, yava mu ggwanga n'atandikawo obwakabaka obupya obuyitibwa Mutapa. Ekitiibwa kya Mwene Mutapa, ekitegeeza "Omulumbaganyi w'Ensi", kyamuweebwa era n'abafuzi abaddirira.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mwene Matapa {{!}} historical dynastic title, southern Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520141810/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |archive-date=20 May 2023 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwafuganga ekitundu ekiri wakati w’Omugga Zambezi n’Omugga Limpopo, mu kitundu ekiriwo kati ekiyitibwa Zambia, Zimbabwe ne Mozambique, okuva mu kyasa ekya 14 okutuusa mu kyasa ekya 17. Mu ntikko yaabwo, Mutapa yali awambye ekitundu kya Dande eky’Omugga Tonga ne Tavara. Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwasinganga kwetaba mu by’obusuubuzi okusomoka Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okutuuka mu mawanga ag’omu Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Okufaananako abantu abaaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu mu Maravi, Mutapa yalina obuzibu n’abasuubuzi Abapotigo abaali bazze. Obutategeeragana buno we bwatuukira ku ntikko, Abapotigo baali bagezezzaako okukyusa mu nsonga z’omunda mu bwakabaka nga batandikawo obutale mu bwakabaka era nga bakyusa abantu okubayingiza Obukristaayo. Ekikolwa kino kyaleetawo obusungu mu Basiraamu AbaSwahili abaali babeera mu kibuga ekikulu, akavuyo kano kaawa Abapotigo ensonga gye baali banoonya okulumba obwakabaka era bagezeeko okufuga ebirombe by'abwo ebya zaabu n'enguudo awayitira amasanga. Obulumbaganyi buno bwagwa butaka Abapotigo bwe baalumbibwa endwadde nga bayita ku mugga Zambezi.<ref name="Mutapa">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1600 enkaayana ez'omunda n'olutalo lw'omunda byatandika okukendeera kwa Mutapa. Obwakabaka obwali bunafuye bwawangulwa Abapotigo era oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera bwatwalibwa amawanga ga Shona bwe baali bawalangana.<ref name="Mutapa2">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Abapotigo nabo baalina ettaka ddene, eryali limanyiddwa nga Prazos, era baakozesanga abaddu n'abaali abaddu ng'abakuumi n'abayizzi. Baatendekanga abasajja mu bukodyo bw'amagye era ne babawa emmundu. Abasajja bano baafuuka abayizzi b'enjovu abakugu era baali bamanyiddwa nga ba Chikunda. Oluvannyuma lw'okukendeera kw'Abapotigo, Chikunda baasobola okwesolossa munda mu Zambia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2019 |title=Chikunda |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227184451/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |archive-date=27 February 2021 |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Portugal okubeera mu kitundu ekyo kyali nsonga lwaki obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwatandikibwawo, eggwanga eryali lyetongodde ku Mutapa. Omukulembeze w'obwakabaka bwa Rozvi, Changamire Dombo, yafuuka omu ku bakulembeze abasingayo amaanyi mu byafaayo bya South-Central Africa. Wansi w'obukulembeze bwe, obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwawangula Abapotigo ne babaggya mu bifo mwe baali bakolera bizineesi ku mugga Zambezi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rozwi {{!}} historical state, Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125203243/https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |archive-date=25 January 2021 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Naye oboolyawo ekyokulabirako ekisinga okumanyibwa mu kino okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti kwe kweyongera kw’Abazulu wansi w’obukulembeze bwa Shaka. Okupikirizibwa okuva eri Abangereza abafuzi b’amatwale mu Cape ne okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti mu Bazulu kyavaako Mfecane (okunyigirizibwa). Abazulu beeyongera nga bayingiza abakazi n’abaana b’ebika bye baawangula, singa abasajja b’ebika bino ebya Nguni baawona okuttibwa, baakozesa obukodyo bw’amagye obw’Abazulu okulumba ebibinja ebirala.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Kino kyaviirako abantu bangi okusenguka, entalo n'obulumbaganyi mu Bukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati ne mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika nga ab'ekika kya Nguni oba Ngoni nga bakulembeddwamu Zwagendaba baasomoka omugga Zambezi nga batambulira mu Bukiikakkono. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni be baakuba ekibuga Maravi Empire ekyali kinafuye. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni abasinga obungi baasenga mu kitundu ekyali Zambia, [[Malawi]], [[Mozambique]] ne [[Tanzania]] era ne beegatta ku bika ebyali mu kitundu ekyo.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history2">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Zambia, ekibinja ekirala eky’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Afirika eky’Abasotho-Tswana abava mu Luba ne Lunda ezaagwa edda abayitibwa Abaluyana baawamba Kololo ne bamussaako olulimi Olukololo okutuusa Abaluyana lwe beekalakaasa ne baggyako Kololo mu kiseera kino olulimi Olukololo lwali lwerabiddwa era olulimi olupya olugattiddwa lwe lwavaamu, SiLozi era Abaluyana baatandika okweyita Abalozi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lozi {{!}} people |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528092724/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |archive-date=28 May 2023 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kya 18, Abamu ku Mbunda baasengukira mu Barotseland, Mongu oluvannyuma lw'okusenguka kw'abantu abalala, nga muno mwe muli, Ciyengele.<ref>'' The elites of Barotseland, 1878–1969: a political history of Zambia's Western Province'': a. Gerald L. Caplan, C. Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd, 1970, {{ISBN|0-900966-38-6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=maniacky |first=jacky |title=bantu zone K |url=http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140411045127/http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-date=2014-04-11 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.bantu-languages.com}}</ref> '''Ekiseera ky'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' '''Abazungu''' Omu ku Bulaaya abaasooka okuwandiikibwa nga baakyalako mu kitundu kino yali omuvumbuzi Omupotigo Francisco de Lacerda ku nkomerero y'ekyasa ekya 18. Lacerda yakulemberamu ekibinja ky'abavumbuzi okuva e Mozambique okutuuka mu kitundu ky'e Kazembe mu Zambia (nga balina ekiruubirirwa eky'okuvumbula n'okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa okuva ku lubalama lw'ennyanja okutuuka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja omulundi ogusooka),<ref>{{cite web |year=1798 |title=Instructions and Travel Diary that Governor Francisco Joze de Lacerda e Almeida Wrote about His Travel to the Center of Africa, Going to the River of Sena, in the Year of 1798 |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905135844/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |archive-date=5 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Library of Congress}}</ref> era n'afa mu kiseera ky'olugendo mu 1798. Olugendo luno okuva olwo lwakulemberwamu mukwano gwe Francisco Pinto.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hartnett |first=Craig |title=Portuguese Expedition to Northern Rhodesia, 1798–99 |url=http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924023553/http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Great North Road (GNR, Northern Rhodesia, Zambia) |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ekitundu kino, ekisangibwa wakati wa Mozambique ne [[Angola]], kyali kigambibwa nti kyali kya Bupotugo mu kiseera ekyo. Abalala abava mu Bulaaya baagoberera mu kyasa 19. Eyasinga okumanyika mu bano yali David Livingstone, eyalina okwolesebwa okw'okukomya okusuubula abaddu ng'ayita mu "3Cs": Obukristaayo, Ebyobusuubuzi, n'Obuwangwa. Ye Muzungu eyasooka okulaba ebisulo by'amazzi ebyewuunyisa ku Mugga Zambezi mu 1855, n'abyogerako bw'ati: "Ebifo ebirabika obulungi bityo biteekwa okuba nga byatunuulirwa bamalayika mu kudduka kwabwe".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Livingstone Discovers Victoria Falls, 1855 |url=http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522092057/http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |archive-date=22 May 2020 |access-date=28 May 2020 |website=EyeWitness to History}}</ref> Mu kitundu kino ebiyiriro bimanyiddwa nga "Mosi-o-Tunya" oba "omukka ogubwatuka" mu lulimi Lozi oba Kololo. Ekibuga Livingstone, okumpi n'ebiyiriro, kiyitibwa erinnya lye. Emboozi ezikwata ku ŋŋendo ze zaali zimanyiddwa nnyo ne kiviirako abagenyi bangi okuva mu Bulaaya, abaminsani, n'abasuubuzi oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwe mu 1873.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627015544/https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-date=27 June 2020 |website=The Provincial Administration Website}}</ref> '''Kampuni ya British South Africa Company''' Mu 1888, kampuni ya British South Africa Company (BSA Company), eyakulemberwa Cecil Rhodes, yafuna olukusa okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka okuva ku Litunga ow'abantu ba Lozi, omukulu w'essaza ly'abantu ba Lozi (Ba-rotse) mu kitundu ekyafuuka Barotziland-North-Western Rhodesia.<ref name="livingstone">{{cite web |author=Livingstone Tourism Association |title=Destination:Zambia&nbsp;– History and Culture |url=http://www.livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012153527/http://livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> Ebuvanjuba, mu Gwekkumineebiri 1897 ekibinja ky’Abangoni oba Abangoni (abaasibuka mu Zululand) beekalakaasa nga bakulemberwa Tsinco, mutabani wa Kabaka Mpezeni, naye obujeemu bwakomezebwawo,<ref name="unam">{{cite web |author1=Human Rights |author2=Documentation Centre |name-list-style=amp |title=Zambia: Historical Background |url=http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311093653/http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-date=11 March 2007 |access-date=14 January 2011}}</ref> era Mpezeni n’akkiriza Pax Britannica. Ekitundu ky’eggwanga ekyo kyatandika okumanyibwa nga Rhodesia ey'omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba. Mu 1895, Rhodes yasaba omusikawutu wa Omumerika Frederick Russell Burnham okunoonya eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka n’engeri y’okulongoosaamu entambula y’emigga mu kitundu ekyo, era mu lugendo luno mwe mwazuulibwa Frederick Russell Burnham eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka bingi ku mugga Kafue.<ref name="burnham1899">{{cite book |last=Burnham |first=Frederick Russell |author-link=Frederick Russell Burnham |year=1899 |title=Bulawayo Up-to-date; Being a General Sketch of Rhodesia |title-link=s:Northern Rhodesia |publisher=Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co. |editor-last=Wills |editor-first=Walter H. |pages=177–180 |chapter=Northern Rhodesia}}</ref> '''Obufuzi bw'amatwale ga Bungereza''' Mu 1953, okutondebwawo kwa Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland z'agatta wamu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono ne Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo, ne Nyasaland (kati Malawi) ng’ekitundu kimu ekyetongodde. Kino kyakolebwa wadde nga waaliwo okuwakanyizibwa okuva mu bantu abatono, abaakola okwekalakaasa okwaliwo mu 1960–61.<ref name="infoplease">{{cite web |author=Pearson Education |title=Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Federation of |url=http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012231959/http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> '''Obwetwaaze''' Omukago gwasaanyizibwawo nga 31 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, era mu Gwoluberyeberye 1964, Kaunda yawangula akalulu k'Obwaminisita bwa Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono. Gavana w'amatwale, Sir Evelyn Hone, yali mukwano nnyo gwa Kaunda era yamukubiriza okwesimbawo ku kifo ekyo. Mangu ddala oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, waaliwo okwekalakaasa mu Bukiikakkono bw'eggwanga eryo eryali limanyiddwa nga Lumpa Uprising nga lyali liduumirwa Alice Lenshina – Kaunda's first internal conflict as leader of the nation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2020 |title=Alice Lenshina |url=https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228081501/https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |archive-date=28 February 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=The British Empire}}</ref> Rhodesia yafuuka Republic of Zambia nga 24 Ogwekkumi 1964, nga Kenneth Kaunda ye pulezidenti eyasooka. Ku kufuna obwetwaze, wadde nga yalina ebyobugagga eby'omu ttaka ebingi, Zambia yasanga okusoomoozebwa okw'amaanyi. Munda mu ggwanga, waaliwo Abazambia abatendeke era abayivu abasukka mu 70,000 abaali basobola okuddukanya gavumenti, era ebyenfuna byali byesigamye nnyo ku bakugu okuva mu mawanga amalala. Obukugu buno bwaweebwa mu ngeri emu oba endala omubaka wa Bungereza mu Zambia John Willson.<ref>[http://www.chu.cam.ac.uk/archives/collections/BDOHP/Willson.pdf WILLSON, John Michael (born 15 July 1931)]{{Dead link|date=June 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}. BDOHP Biographical Details and Interview Index. chu.cam.ac.uk</ref> Waaliwo Abazungu abasukka mu 70,000 ababeera mu Zambia mu 1964, era baasigala nga ba mugaso nnyo mu byenfuna.<ref name="Zambia">{{Cite news|date=1964-10-25|title=1964: President Kaunda takes power in Zambia|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605125604/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-date=5 June 2013|access-date=2025-09-13|url-status=live|language=en-GB}}</ref> Kaunda okuwagira abayeekera ba Patriotic Front abaali bakola obulumbaganyi mu mawanga ag'omuliraano (Bukiikaddyo) Rhodesia kyaleetawo obunkenke mu by'obufuzi era ne kireetawo okukozesa amagye ku nsalo, era kino kyaviirako ensalo okuggalwa mu 1973.<ref name="blackfire">{{cite book |last=Raeburn |first=Michael |year=1978 |title=We are everywhere: Narratives from Rhodesian guerillas |url=https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-0-394-50530-5 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 1–209]}}</ref>Ebbibiro ly'amasannyalaze erya Kariba ku mugga Zambezi lyawa amasannyalaze agamala okukola ku byetaago by'eggwanga eby'amasannyalaze, wadde nga Rhodesia ye yali ekola ku by'amasannyalaze. Nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1978, ennyonyi ey'abantu ba bulijjo, Air Rhodesia Flight 825, yakubibwa amasasi okumpi ne Kariba abayeekera ba Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) abaakulemberwa Joshua Nkomo. Rhodesia yaddamu n'ekikwekweto kya Gatling, okulumba enkambi endala mu Zambia nga bakozesa amaanyi g'ennyonyi n'abajaasi abakugu mu kubuuka mu bbanga n'abajaasi abakugu mu kukozesa ennyonyi.<ref>{{cite web |title=GREEN LEADER. OPERATION GATLING, THE RHODESIAN MILITARY'S RESPONSE TO THE VISCOUNT TRAGEDY |url=http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125155440/http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-date=25 January 2017 |access-date=22 April 2017}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1970, Mozambique ne Angola zaali zifunye obwetwaze okuva ku Portugal. Gavumenti ya Rhodesia eyali esingamu abazungu, eyafulumya Ekirangiriro ky’Obwetwaze mu 1965, yakkiriza obufuzi obw’abantu abangi wansi w’Endagaano ya Lancaster House mu 1979.<ref name="zimstudy">{{cite book |last=Nelson |first=Harold |year=1983 |title=Zimbabwe: A Country Study |publisher=Claitors Publishing Division |isbn=978-0-16-001598-4 |pages=54–137}}</ref> Obukuubagano mu bitundu byombi ebyali bifugibwa Abapotigo n'olutalo lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwa [[Namibia]] byaviirako okuyingira kw'abanoonyi b'obubudamuera ne kyongera ku buzibu bw'ebyentambula. Oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Benguela, olwayita mu [[Angola]], lwaggalwawo ddala eri ebyentambula bya Zambia mu myaka gya 1970 egyali gisembayo. Zambia okuwagira ebibiina ebirwanyisa obusosoze mu mawanga nga African National Congress (ANC) era kyaleetawo obuzibu bw'ebyokwerinda ng'amagye ga South Africa Defence Force galumba ebifo ebitali bimu mu lutalo lw'okulwanyisa obwetwaze bwa Namibia.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Evans, M. |year=1984 |title=The Front-Line States, South Africa and Southern African Security: Military Prospects and Perspectives |url=http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/Journal%20of%20the%20University%20of%20Zimbabwe/vol12n1/juz012001002.pdf |journal=Zambezia |volume=12 |page=1}}</ref> '''Ebizibu by'ebyenfuna''' Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1970, omuwendo gwa kkopa, ekyamaguzi ekikulu ekiva mu Zambia, gwasereba nnyo mu nsi yonna. Mu mbeera ya Zambia, obungi bw'okutambuza kkopa eŋŋendo empanvu okutuuka mu katale kyali kizibu kinene. Zambia yasaba obuyambi okuva mu mawanga ag'ebweru n'ag'ensi yonna, naye, nga bbeeyi ya kkopa esigadde nga yasereba, kyeyongera okubeera ekizibu okusasula amabanja gaayo agaali geeyongera. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1990, wadde nga tewaaliwo kusonyiyibwa mabanja, ebbeyi ya kkopa eyali eva mu Zambia yali emu ku bintu ebyali bisinga okuba eby'ebbeeyi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia (12/08) |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625080205/https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |archive-date=25 June 2020 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> '''Okukola ku nsonga z'abantu''' Mu Gwomukaaga 1990, obwegugungo obwali buwakanya Kaunda bwatandika era abeekalakaasi bangi battibwa gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2020 |title=About Zambia |url=http://www.psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509233410/http://psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-date=9 May 2016 |access-date=20 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bartlett |first=David M. C. |date=2000 |title=Civil Society and Democracy: A Zambian Case Study |journal=Journal of Southern African Studies |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=429–446 |doi=10.1080/030570700750019655 |issn=0305-7070 |jstor=2637411 |s2cid=143480603}}</ref>Mu 1990, Kaunda yawona okulumbibwa amagye, era mu 1991, yakkiriza okuzzaawo enfuga ey'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, oluvannyuma lw'okussaawo enfuga ey'ekibiina ekimu wansi w'akakiiko ka Choma aka 1972. Oluvannyuma lw'okulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, Kaunda yaggyibwa mu woofiisi oluvannyuma lw'okuwangulwa mu kulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi Frederick Chiluba. Mu myaka gya 2000, ebyenfuna byanywerera, ne bituuka ku kweyongera kw'ebbeeyi y'ebintu mu 2006–2007, okweyongera kw'ebyenfuna, okukendeera kw'amagoba, n'okweyongera kw'omutindo gw'ebyobusuubuzi. Bingi ku kukulaakulana kuno kuvudde ku kusiga ensimbi okuva ebweru mu by'okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka n'okweyongera kw'emiwendo gy'ekikomo mu nsi yonna. Bino byonna byaleetera Zambia okusikirizibwa ennyo abagabi b'obuyambi era ne kireetera abasiga nsimbi okwongera okwesiga eggwanga lino. == Ebyobufuzi == Ebyobufuzi mu Zambia bitambulira mu nkola ey'omukulembeze w'eggwanga omukiise mu demokulasiya ow'eggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo, omukulembeze wa Zambia y'akulira eggwanga era akulira gavumenti mu ggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo. Gavumenti ekozesa obuyinza obw'okuteeka mu nkola, ate obuyinza obw'okukola amateeka buweebwa gavumenti ne paalamenti. Zambia yafuuka repubuliki oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu Gwekkumi 1964. Okuva mu 2011 okutuuka mu 2014, pulezidenti wa Zambia yali Michael Sata, okutuusa Sata lwe yafa nga 28 Ogwekkumi 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zambian President Michael Sata dies in London - BBC News|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705073526/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-date=2017-07-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=BBC News|language=en-GB}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Sata, omumyuka wa pulezidenti Guy Scott, Omuzambia ow'ensibuko y'Abasikawutu, yafuuka omukungu akola nga pulezidenti. Okulonda kwa pulezidenti kwaliwo nga 22 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015. Omugatte gw’abantu 11 abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti be beesimbawo mu kulonda era nga 24 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015, kyalangirirwa nti Edgar Chagwa Lungu yali awangudde okulonda okufuuka pulezidenti ow’omukaaga. Yawangula ebitundu 48.33% eby’obululu, ng’obululu 1.66% bwali bumusinga ku munnabyabufuzi akyasinze okuvuganya gavumenti, Hakainde Hichilema, eyafuna ebitundu 46.67%.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Defence Minister Lungu wins Zambia's disputed presidential race|url=http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305065726/http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-date=2016-03-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=Yahoo News|language=en-US}}</ref>Abantu abalala mwenda abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti baafuna obululu obutaweza na bitundu 1% ku bululu bwonna. Mu kulonda pkwaliwo mu Gwomunaana 2016 Zambian general election pulezidenti Edgar Lungu yawangula okulonda okw’omulundi ogw’okubiri. Omukago ogutaba ebibiina by’ebyobufuzi ogwa Patriotic Front (PF) gwagaana ebyali byogerwa ab’oludda oluvuganya gavumenti, UPND party.<ref name="bbc-15aug2016">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|title=Zambia's President Edgar Lungu declared election winner|work=BBC News|date=15 August 2016|access-date=17 May 2021|archive-date=26 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026223033/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021, okwalimu abalonzi 70% ku abo abaali basuubirwa, Hakainde Hichilema yawangula ebitundu 59% eby’obululu, ng’omuvuganya we eyali asingayo okuba ow’amaanyi, Edgar Chagwa Lungu, eyali pulezidenti mu kiseera ekyo, yafuna ebitundu 39% eby’obululu.<ref name="zm-elec-39">{{Cite news|url=https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm|title=Presidential Election Results|work=Electoral Commission of Zambia|date=16 August 2021|access-date=27 December 2021|archive-date=2 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102194510/https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm/}}</ref> Nga 16 Ogwomunaana Edgar Lungu yakkiriza mu kiwandiiko kye yafulumya ku ttivi, ng’aweereza ebbaluwa era ng’ayozayoza pulezidenti omulonde Hakainde Hichilema.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-08-16|title=Zambia election: Hakainde Hichilema beats President Edgar Lungu|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|access-date=2021-08-16|archive-date=24 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824152003/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|last=Kabwe|first=Zitto|author-link=Zitto Kabwe|user=zittokabwe|number=1426967254986629126|date=15 August 2021|title=#Zambia President @EdgarCLungu has conceded in a letter sent to now president elect @HHichilema of @UPNDZM. Once again Zambia has shown the world the level of its democratic maturity. Peaceful transfer of power is happening for third time in history. Congratulations Zambians|language=en|access-date=30 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827180204/https://twitter.com/zittokabwe/status/1426967254986629126|archive-date=27 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomunaana 2021, Hakainde Hichilema yalayizibwa nga pulezidenti wa Zambia omuggya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2021 |title=Zambia's Hakainde Hichilema sworn in as President in rare victory for an African opposition leader |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116213703/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |archive-date=16 November 2021 |access-date=16 November 2021}}</ref> '''Amaggye''' Mu 2019, Zambia yassa omukono ku ndagaano ya UN ekwata ku Kuziyiza eby'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa ebya Nukiriya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2017 |title=Chapter XXVI: Disarmament&nbsp;– No. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806220546/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |archive-date=6 August 2019 |access-date=18 October 2019 |publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection}}</ref> '''Amateeka n'eddembe ly'obuntu''' Gavumenti evunaanye abavumirira nga bakozesa ebigambo by'amateeka nti baali bawabya abantu. Amateeka agakwata ku kuwandiika ebintu ebikyamu gakozesebwa okukugira eddembe ly'okwogera ne bannamawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2015 |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225030706/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-date=2021-02-25 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=2009-2017.state.gov}}</ref> Ebikolwa eby'okweganza wakati w'abantu ab'ekikula ekimu kimenya mateeka eri abasajja n'abakazi mu Zambia.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 May 2016 |title=State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition |url=http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902183618/http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |archive-date=2 September 2017 |access-date=29 July 2017 |website=[[International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Daniel|last=Avery|title=71 Countries Where Homosexuality is Illegal|url=https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|work=Newsweek|date=4 April 2019|access-date=18 August 2019|archive-date=11 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211204842/https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|url-status=live}}</ref> Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu 2010 kwalaga nti ebitundu 2% ebya Bannansi ba Zambia bakitwala nti okulya ebisiyaga tekirina buzibu bwonna ku mpisa.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Meyer |first1=Birgit |date=2021 |title=What Is Religion in Africa? Relational Dynamics in an Entangled World |journal=Journal of Religion in Africa |publisher=Brill |volume=50 |issue=1–2 |pages=156–181 |doi=10.1163/15700666-12340184 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2019, kyategeezebwa nti Omubaka wa Amerika mu Zambia Daniel Lewis Foote "yakwatibwa ensisi" olw'engeri Zambia gy'ekuumamu abalyi b'ebisiyaga mu makomera. Oluvannyuma lw'okujulira ne kulema era nga n'abafumbo bano Japhet Chataba ne Steven Samba baasalirwa ekibonerezo kya kusibibwa emyaka 15 mu makomera, Foote yasaba gavumenti ya Zambia okuddamu okwekenneenya omusango guno n'amateeka ga Zambia agalwanyisa ebisiyaga. Foote yafuna obuzibu era n'asazaamu okujja mu bantu oluvannyuma lw'okutiisibwatiisibwa ku mikutu gya yintaneeti, era oluvannyuma lw'okulangirirwa Lungu nti y'omuntu ataagalwa mu ggwanga eryo.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 December 2019 |title=US recalls ambassador to Zambia after gay rights row |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231195603/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |archive-date=31 December 2019 |access-date=12 January 2020 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 2026, gavumenti ya Zambia yavumirirwa olw'okwongezaayo olukiiko olw'amaanyi olw'ensi yonna olw'eddembe ly'obuntu, RightsCon, ennaku musanvu zokka nga tezinnatuuka okubeerawo mu Lusaka. Olukiiko olwo oluvannyuma lwasazibwamu oluvannyuma lw'okumanya nti gavumenti ya Zambia yali esaba, kirabika nga kya kusaba kw'abakungu ba China, okulungamya n'okuggyako aboogezi okuva e Taiwan. Abakugu baayogedde ku kweraliikirira olw'okulondoola n'okweyongera kw'obulabe eri ebitongole by'obwanakyewa.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gault ·|first1=Matthew|title=World's Largest Digital Human Rights Conference Suddenly Canceled|url=https://www.404media.co/rightscon-human-rights-conference-suddenly-postponed/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=404 Media|date=29 April 2026|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Elliott|first1=Vittoria|title=The Chinese Government Just Got the World's Largest Digital Rights Conference Canceled|url=https://www.wired.com/story/the-chinese-government-pressured-zambia-to-cancel-the-worlds-largest-digital-rights-conference/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Wired|date=1 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hendrix|first1=Justin|title=RightsCon Canceled After Zambia Requires 'Full Alignment' With 'National Values'|url=https://www.techpolicy.press/rightscon-canceled-after-zambia-requires-full-alignment-with-national-values/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Tech Policy Press|date=30 April 2026|language=en}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo by'abantu''' Okusinziira ku kubala abantu okwa 2022 mu Zambia, omuwendo gw'abantu mu Zambia gwali 19,610,769.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia's Population up to 19,610,769 in 2022 from 13,092,666 in 2010 – Zambia Statistics Agency |url=https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305022051/https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |archive-date=5 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ebibinja by'abantu ebisinga obunene mu Zambia beebo abayitibwa Bemba obukadde 3.3 (33.6%), Nyanja obukadde 1.8 (18.2%), Tonga obukadde 1.7 (16.8%), Abantu ab’omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba 1,000,000 (10.3%), Abalozii (Barotse) 770,000 (7.8%), Abamabwe 580,000 (5.9%), Abatumbuka 500,000 (5.1%), Abalamba 165,000 (2%), Abayindi 11,900 n’Abazungu 6,200.<ref>{{cite journal |date=2 November 2023 |title=Zambia |url=https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909114747/https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |archive-date=9 September 2023 |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=minorityrights.org}}</ref> Zambia y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubeeramu abantu mu bibuga mu Afirika eri wansi wa Sahara, ng'ebitundu 44% eby'abantu babeera mu bitundu ebisinga okubeeramu entambula, so ng'ate ebyalo birimu abantu batono nnyo. Omuwendo gw'abaana abazaalibwa gwali 6.2 mu 2007 (6.1 mu 1996, 5.9 mu 2001–02).<ref>{{cite web |title=Welcome to the Official site of Zambian Statistics |url=http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113144454/http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-date=13 November 2014 |access-date=11 April 2014 |publisher=Zamstats.gov.zm}}</ref> '''Ebibuga ebisinga obunene''' Okutandika kw'okuyiikuula ekikomo mu makolero ku Copperbelt mu myaka gya 1920 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga. Wadde ng'okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga kwali kuteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, kyali kinene nnyo.[1] Ebibuga ebikolebwamu eby'obugagga ku Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali eteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, yali nnene nnyo.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Potts |first=Deborah |date=2005 |title=Counter-urbanisation on the Zambian Copperbelt? Interpretations and implications |journal=Urban Studies |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=583–609 |bibcode=2005UrbSt..42..583P |doi=10.1080/00420980500060137 |s2cid=154412136}}</ref> Ebibuga ebirimu ebirombe bya Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali y'etoloolera ku gaali z'omukka n'enguudo okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwe bironbe bya kkoppa okuyita mu Kapiri Mposhi, Lusaka, Choma ne Livingstone. '''Ebibinja by'abantu''' Zambia elimu ebika nga 73,<ref name="BritannicaPeople">{{Cite web |title=Zambia – People |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambia/People |access-date=1 October 2024 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref><ref name="epr">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> wadde mu nkola waliwo ebibinja ebitono ebirabika obulungi.[2] Abazambia abasinga boogera Olubantu.<ref name="epr2">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ebibinja ebisinga obunene mu lulimi bye Bemba, Nyanja (era ekiyitibwa Chewa), ne Tonga; ebibinja ebirala ebitali binene nnyo bye Kaonde, Lozi, Luanda, ne Luvale.[2]<ref name="epr" /> Mu 2010, omuwendo gw'abantu gwateeberezebwa okuba ebitundu 21% Bemba, ebitundu 13.6% Tonga, ebitundu 7.4% Chewa, ebitundu 5.7% Lozi, ebitundu 5.3% Nsenga, ebitundu 4.4% Tumbuka, ebitundu 4.0% Ngoni, ne 38.6% abalala.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Bemba kye kisinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkono, Luapula, ne Copperbelt; ekibinja kya Tonga mu bitundu by'Obukiikaddyo, n'eby'Obugwanjuba; n'ekibinja kya Lozi mu bitundu by'Obugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Tumbuka ekitono ennyo kisangibwa mu kiwonvu kya Luangwa mu Buvanjuba.[2] Tewali kibinja ky'abantu aboogera olulimi olumu abasinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ebitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba tebirimu bantu bangi nnyo.<ref name="epr3">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ng’oggyeko olulimi, obuwangwa bukulu mu Zambia.<ref name="epr3" />Obuwangwa buno batera okubukwataganya n’obwesigwa bw’amaka oba n’ab’obuyinza eb'ennono. Obuwangwa buno busengekeddwa mu bibinja by’ennimi ebikulu.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Posner |first=Daniel N. |date=2005-06-06 |title=Institutions and Ethnic Politics in Africa |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-83398-1 |language=en |doi=10.1017/CBO9780511808661 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083432/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |archive-date=2023-03-21}}</ref> Abagwiira, okusingira ddala Abangereza oba Aba South Afrika, wamu n'abamu ku bannansi ba Zambia abeeru Abazungu abava mu Bungereza, babeera nnyo mu Lusaka ne mu Copperbelt mu Bukiikakkono bwa Zambia, gye baba nga bakola mu birombe, mu by'ensimbi n'emirimu emirala egifaananako bwe gityo oba nga bawummudde. Waaliwo Abazungu 70,000 mu Zambia mu 1964, naye bangi okuva olwo bavudde mu ggwanga.<ref name="Zambia" /> Zambia erina abantu abatono naye nga balina omugaso mu byenfuna abava mu Asia, abasinga obungi ku bo Buhindi ne Bachina. Ekibinja kino eky’abantu abatono ky'ekikyasinze okufuga eby’enfuna nga kye kikola ku by’okutunda ebintu. Kiteeberezebwa nti Abachina nga 80,000 be baali babeera mu Zambia mu 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ZAMBIA: Zambians wary of |url=http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910230935/http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-date=2011-09-10 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=IRINnews}}</ref> Mu myaka egiyise, ebikumi n’ebikumi by’abalimi abazungu abaali bagobeddwa mu Zimbabwe baasengukira e Zambia oluvannyuma lw’okuyitibwa gavumenti ya Zambia, okutandika okulima mu matwae g'omu Bukiikaddyo.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zim's Loss, Zam's gain: White Zimbabweans making good in Zambia|date=June 2004|newspaper=The Economist|access-date=28 August 2009|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110215085211/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-date=15 February 2011}}</ref><ref name="Spiegel">{{Cite news|title=Settling in Zambia: Zimbabwe's Displaced Farmers Find a New Home|last=Thielke|first=Thilo|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|date=27 December 2004|access-date=28 August 2009|periodical=[[Der Spiegel]]|archive-date=19 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619050250/http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza okwalebwa ku banoonyi b'obubuddamu mu 2009 ekyakubibwa akakiikio ka America akavunanyizibwa ku banoonyi b'obubudamu n'abagwiira eka U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, Zambia yalina omuwendo gw’abanoonyi b’obubudamu n’abanoonya obubudamu nga bali 88,900. Abanoonyi b’obubudamu abasinga obungi mu ggwanga baava mu Democratic Republic of the Congo (ababundabunda 47,300 okuva mu DRC ng'ababeera mu Zambia mu 2007), Angola (27,100 Bannangola Zambia), Zimbabwe (5,400) ne Rwanda (4,900).<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009">{{cite news|title=World Refugee Survey 2009|publisher=U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants|url=http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211175633/http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-date=11 December 2013}}</ref> Bannansi ba Zambia okutwaliza awamu baaniriza abagwira. Okutandika mu Gwokutaano 2008, omuwendo gw'Abazimbabwe mu Zambia gwatandika okulinnya ennyo; okuyingira kwali kusinga kw'Abazimbabwe abaali babeera mu South Africa abaali badduka obutabanguko obwali mu ggwanga eryo.<ref name="IRIN">{{Cite news|title=Zambia: Rising levels of resentment towards Zimbabweans|date=9 June 2008|access-date=7 August 2023|periodical=[[The New Humanitarian|IRIN News]]|url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2008/06/09/rising-levels-resentment-towards-zimbabweans|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930005909/http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=78648|archive-date=2009-09-30}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Kumpi abanoonyi b'obubudamo 60,000 babeera mu nkambi mu Zambia, ate 50,000 babeera mu bantu ba bulijjo. Abanoonyi b'obubudamo abaagala okukola mu Zambia balina okusaba olukusa saako n'ebiwandiiko ebikukkiriza okukola nga bino biyinza okutwala ddoola 500 buli mwaka.<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009" /> '''Eddiini''' Zambia mu butongole "eggwanga ery'Ekiikuristaayo" wansi wa Ssemateeka w'eggwanga owa 1996, naye essa ekitiibwa mu kukuuma eddembe ly'eddiini n'okusinza.<ref>{{cite web |date=30 June 2008 |title=Constitution of Zambia, 1991(Amended to 1996) |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105055544/http://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |archive-date=5 November 2012 |access-date=18 December 2012 |publisher=Scribd.com}}</ref> Zambia lye ggwanga lyokka mu Afirika erirangirira Obukristaayo ng'eddiini y'eggwanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Haynes |first=N. |date=2021 |title=Taking Dominion in a Christian Nation: North American Political Theology in an African Context |journal=Pneuma |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=214–232 |doi=10.1163/15700747-bja10036 |hdl=20.500.11820/48b556a6-cf81-4058-bf5b-894934a35ca0 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ekitongole kya Zambia ekivunaanyizibwa ku kubala abantu ekya Zambia Statistics Agency mu 2022 kyabalirira nti 98.0% ku Bannazambia Bakristaayo, nga 74.5% Bapulotesitanti, 17.9% Bakatoliki ate 5.6% Bajulirwa ba Yakuwa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2025-07-24 |title=RELIGIOUS LANDSCAPE OF ZAMBIA: AN ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF THE 2022 CENSUS FINDINGS |url=https://www.amulufeblog.com/2025/07/religious-landscape-of-zambia.html |access-date=2026-02-12 |website=Amulufeblog |language=en}}</ref> Enzikiriza z'ekikulisitaayo mu Zambia mulimu Apolotesitante, Abavangelika saako n'Abapentecoote.<ref name=":1" /> Obukristaayo bwatuuka mu Zambia okuyita mu bufuzi bw'amatwale obw'Abazungu, era enjawulo yaakyo ey'ebibiina eby'enjawulo eraga enkyukakyuka mu nkola y'obuminsani; okugeza, Obukatoliki bwava mu Mozambique ey'Abaportugalezi mu Buvanjuba, so ng'Obulokole bwava mu Bungereza mu Bukiikaddyo. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu 1964, Zambia yalaba okweyongera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibiina by'obuminsani ebirala okuva mu bitundu by'ensi ebitali bimu, naddala Amerika ey'Obukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. Mu byasa ebyaddirira, emirimu gy'obuminsani egy'Abazungu egyaddira abakkiriza ab'omu kitundu (okuggyako ebifo ebimu eby'obuminsani, gamba ng'abasawo). Oluvannyuma lwa Frederick Chiluba, Omukulisitaayo Omukristaayo, okufuuka pulezidenti mu 1991, ebibiina by'obuminsani eby'Abazungu byeyongera nnyo okwetooloola Zambia okuva mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu 1964, Zambia yalaba okweyongera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibiina by'obuminsani eby'Abazungu okuva mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani.<ref name="pentecostal">{{cite book |last=Steel |first=Matthew |year=2005 |title=Pentecostalism in Zambia: Power, Authority and the Overcomers |publisher=University of Wales |id=MSc Dissertation}}</ref> Eddiini z'Ekikristaayo ezimu ezirina abagoberezi batono mu nsi yonna zimanyiddwa nnyo mu Zambia. Eggwanga lino lirina abantu abawerako ab'enzikiriza y'eki Adiventi nga mu bibala ku Bazambia 18 osangamu 1 omu Adiventi.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 October 2012 |title=Zambia Union Conference&nbsp;– Adventist Directory |url=http://www.adventistdirectory.org/ViewAdmField.aspx?AdmFieldID=ZAUM |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427045842/https://www.adventistdirectory.org/ViewAdmField.aspx?AdmFieldID=ZAUM |archive-date=27 April 2023 |access-date=18 December 2012 |publisher=Adventistdirectory.org}}</ref> Ekkanisa y'Abalokole eya Central Africa erimu abagoberezi abasukka mu 11,000 mu ggwanga.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lutheran Church of Central Africa: Zambia |url=http://www.celc.info/site/cpage.asp?sec_id=180010197&cpage_id=180031341 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131193035/http://www.celc.info/site/cpage.asp?sec_id=180010197&cpage_id=180031341 |archive-date=31 January 2017 |publisher=Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference}}</ref> Abantu abasukka mu bitundu 12 ku buli kikumi mu Zambia basabira mu Kkanisa ya New Apostostoc Church.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hayashida |first=Nelson Osamu |date=1999 |title=Dreams in the African Literature: The Significance of Dreams and Visions Among Zambian Baptists |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CkNC6-Wmga4C&q=One+in+11+Zambians+is+a+member+of+the+New+Apostolic+Church&pg=PA36 |publisher=Rodopi |isbn=978-90-420-0596-9 |language=en |access-date=3 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518182155/https://books.google.com/books?id=CkNC6-Wmga4C&q=One+in+11+Zambians+is+a+member+of+the+New+Apostolic+Church&pg=PA36#v=snippet&q=One%20in%2011%20Zambians%20is%20a%20member%20of%20the%20New%20Apostolic%20Church&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nga balina abagoberezi abasukka mu kakadde kamu mu emitwalo abiri, eggwanga lirimu ekibiina ky'Abaseveniside ekisinga obunene mu Afirika, okuva ku bantu abasukka mu bukadde mwenda mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Membership figures of the global Church as at the end of 2009: New Apostolic Church International (NAC) |url=http://www.nak.org/news/naci-news/article/16710/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626032545/http://www.nak.org/news/naci-news/article/16710/ |archive-date=26 June 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.nak.org}}</ref> Abantu nga 2.7% ku Bannazambia Basiraamu, abasinga obungi nga Basunni n’abalala abatonotono nga Abaismaili ne Twelver Shia.<ref name="2023RIRF">{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2023-report-on-international-religious-freedom/zambia/ |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=United States Department of State |language=en-US}}</ref> Abasiraamu abali mu Zambia, abalina okubalibwa okw’omulundi ogumu nga 100,000 okusinziira ku kuteebereza okumu okwakolebwa, bazingiramu abanoonyi b’obubudamu okuva e Congo ne [[Somalia]], awamu n’abagwiira okuva mu South Asia ne mu ddungu ly'ebuwalabu abafuuse Bannazambia.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> Abahindu, abasinga obungi nga ba South Asian ancestry, baali nga 10,000 okusinziira ku kuteebereza okumu okwakolebwa, mu 2019.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> Ku ntikko y'akyo mu myaka gya 1960, Abayudaaya abaali mu Zambia abaali bawerera ddala 10,000 ng'abasinga baali basibuka mu Lithuania, Latvia ne Bugirimaani,<ref>{{cite web |last=Tutton |first=Mark |date=19 January 2012 |title=The forgotten story of Zambia's Jewish settlers |url=https://www.cnn.com/2012/01/19/world/africa/zambia-jewish-history/index.html |access-date=17 February 2025 |work=CNN}}</ref>okuva mu 2012 baali batono ddala okusinga Abazambia Abayudaaya ng'abasinga ku bbo baali bawangalira mu Lusaka mu matwale g'Obukiikakkono. Mu Zambia mulimu abantu batono ab'enzikiriza ya Baha ne Buddhists saako ne Sikhs.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> '''Ennimi''' Omuwendo omutuufu ogw'ennimi za Zambia tegumanyiddwa, wadde ng'ebiwandiiko bingi bigamba nti Zambia erina ennimi 73 ez’enjawulo; omuwendo guno guyinza okuba nga guva ku butawulira njawulo wakati w’ennimi n’ebigambo ebikozesebwa eby'enjawulo, nga basinziira ku kuba nti abantu basobola okutegeeragana nga boogera ennimi ez’enjawulo. Okusinziira ku kino, omuwendo gw’ennimi za Zambia guyinza okuba nga guli wakati wa 20 oba 30.<ref name="Chanda, Vincent M., and, Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. 2013 1–173">{{Cite book |author1=Chanda, Vincent M. |year=2013 |title=Speak Zambian Languages: Phrase Book in Bemba, Kaonde, Lozi, Luvale, Lunda, Nyanja and Tonga, all in one |author2=Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson |publisher=UNZA Press |isbn=978-9982-03-073-1 |location=Lusaka, Zambia |pages=1–173}}</ref> Olulimi olutongole mu Zambia lwe Lungereza, olukozesebwa mu bizinensi entongole, eby'enjigiriza, n’amateeka.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" />Olulimi olusinga okwogerwa mu Zambia, naddala mu Lusaka, lwe Lunyaanja (Chewa), oluddako Bemba. Mu birombe bya koppa, Bemba lwe lulimi olusinga okwogerwa era oluddako Nyanja. Olunyaanja n’Olubemba bye byogerwa mu bitundu eby’omu bibuga, okugatta ku nnimi endala eza wano ezaatera okwogerwa mu Zambia. Zino mulimu Lozi, Tumbuka, Kaonde, Tonga, Lunda ne Luvale, ezaalagibwa ku Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation (ZNBC) mu kitundu ky’ennimi za wano.<ref name="BritannicaPeople2">{{Cite web |title=Zambia – People |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambia/People |access-date=1 October 2024 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Chanda, Vincent M., and, Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. 2013 1–1732">{{Cite book |author1=Chanda, Vincent M. |year=2013 |title=Speak Zambian Languages: Phrase Book in Bemba, Kaonde, Lozi, Luvale, Lunda, Nyanja and Tonga, all in one |author2=Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson |publisher=UNZA Press |isbn=978-9982-03-073-1 |location=Lusaka, Zambia |pages=1–173}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. |year=2015 |title=The State of Affairs of Cultural Literacy in Zambia's Multicultural Education System. In A. L. Jotia and J. Dudu (Ed.), Multicultural Education Discourses: Breaking Barriers of Exclusion in Selected African Contexts |publisher=Zebra publishing (Pty) LTD |isbn=978-99945-84-99-4 |location=Windhoek, Namibia |pages=190–204}}</ref> Abasinga obungi bajja kwogera Olubemba n'Olunyanja mu Copperbelt; Olunyanja lusinga kwogerwa mu Lusaka ne mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia. Oluzungu lukozesebwa mu mpuliziganya entongole era lwe lulimi olusinga okwogerwa mu maka mu bantu abava mu mawanga ag'enjawulo. Okumelukawo kuno mu nnimi ereetedde olulimi olwogerwa mu Lusaka ne mu bibuga ebirala ebikulu. Abasinga obungi mu Zambia batera okwogera ennimi ezisukka mu lumu: olulimi olutongole, Oluzungu, n'olulimi olusinga okwogerwa mu kibuga oba mu kitundu gye babeera. Olupotugo luyigirizibwa ng'olulimi olw'okubiri mu masomo g'essomero olw'okubeerawo kw'Abangereza aboogera Olupotugo abangi mu Zambia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Actualités Afrique - Economie, sport, santé, politique |url=http://www.afriquejet.com/news/africa-news/zambia-to-introduce-portuguese-into-school-curriculum-2009041825794.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121208151924/http://www.afriquejet.com/news/africa-news/zambia-to-introduce-portuguese-into-school-curriculum-2009041825794.html |archive-date=2012-12-08 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.afriquejet.com |language=fr-fr}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] huk26mnv430s18xoicbtqvm7jrswc38 59356 59355 2026-07-06T17:08:27Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ekiba 59356 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Amawanga ga Luba-Lunda oluvannyuma gaakendeera olw'okutunda abaddu mu Atlantic mu Bugwanjuba ne mu Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba ne mu ntalo n'ebibinja ebyali byawuddwa ku bwakabaka. Aba Chokwe, ekibinja ekirina oluganda olw'okumpi ne Luvale era ne kitondebwawo ng'eggwanga lya Lunda satellite, mu kusooka gaakosebwa olw'obwetaavu bwabaddu eri Abazungu, naye bwe baawukana ku bwakabaka, bo bennyini baafuuka batunzi ba baddu abamanyiddwa ennyo, nga batunda abaddu ku mbalama zombi. Abachokwe oluvannyuma baawangulwa amawanga amalala n'Abaportugali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azuonye |first=Chukwuma |date=15 December 1996 |title=Chokwe: (Angola, Zambia) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ejao3vG6nfsC&pg=PA11 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-1990-1 |language=en}}</ref> Obutali butebenkevu buno bwaviirako okugwa kw'obwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'abantu okusaasaanira mu bitundu bya Zambia eby'enjawulo okuva mu Democratic Republic of the Congo. Abazambia abasinga obungi balina obuzaale mu bwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'obwakabaka obulala obuli mu Masekkati ga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1200, ng’eggwanga lya Luba-Lunda terinnatandikibwawo, ekibinja ky’aba Bantu baatandika okusenguka okuva mu Congo Basin okudda ku Nnyanja Mweru ate oluvannyuma ne basenga okumpi n’ennyanja Malawi. Abasenze bano balowoozebwa okuba nga baali abamu ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky’e Upemba mu Democratic Republic of Congo. Mu myaka gya 1400, ebibinja by’abasenze bano awamu baayitibwanga Maravi, era nga mu bo mwalimu Abachewa abaatandika okukoppa ebibinja by’aba Bantu nga Tumbuka.<ref name="Team">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 1480 Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwatandikibwawo kalonga (omukulu w'obwakabaka bwa Maravi) okuva mu kika kya Phiri, kimu ku bika ebikulu, ng'ebirala mulimu Banda, Mwale ne Nkhoma. Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwali buva ku Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Enkulaakulana y'ebyobufuzi ey'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi yali efaanana ey'Obwakabaka bwa Luba era kigambibwa nti bwavaayo. Ekyamaguzi ekikulu eky'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi kyali amasanga, agaatundibwanga okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Ekyuma nakyo kyakolebwanga era ne kitundibwa mu nsi endala. Mu myaka gya 1590, Abapotigo baagezaako okweddiza eby'obusuubuzi n’okutunda Maravi mu nsi endala. Okugezaako kuno kwaleetawo obusungu mu Maravi ab’e Lundu, abaasumulula eggye lyabwe erya WaZimba. WaZimba baalumba ebibuga by’Abapotigo eby’obusuubuzi nga Tete, Sena n’ebibuga ebirala bingi.<ref name="thinkafrica.net">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Abamaravi nabo bateeberezebwa okuba nga baaleeta obulombolombo obwandifuuse ekibiina kya Nyau eky'ekyama okuva e Upemba. Aba Nyau be bakola ku nzikiriza oba eddiini y'obuwangwa ey'abantu b'omu Maravi. Ekibiina kya Nyau kirimu okuzina okw'obulombolombo n'obukookolo obukozesebwa mu kuzina; enzikiriza eno yasaasaana okwetooloola ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maptia |title=The Secret Cult of Nyau Dancers |url=https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108130415/https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-date=8 November 2020 |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=Maptia |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwakendeera olw'enkaayana ezikwata ku busika mu mukago, okulumbibwa Ngoni n'okulumba abaddu okuva mu Yao.<ref name="thinkafrica.net2">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa ne Mfecane''' Ng'Obwakabaka bwa Great Zimbabwe bwali bukendedde, omu ku balangira baabwo, Nyatsimba Mutota, yava mu ggwanga n'atandikawo obwakabaka obupya obuyitibwa Mutapa. Ekitiibwa kya Mwene Mutapa, ekitegeeza "Omulumbaganyi w'Ensi", kyamuweebwa era n'abafuzi abaddirira.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mwene Matapa {{!}} historical dynastic title, southern Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520141810/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |archive-date=20 May 2023 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwafuganga ekitundu ekiri wakati w’Omugga Zambezi n’Omugga Limpopo, mu kitundu ekiriwo kati ekiyitibwa Zambia, Zimbabwe ne Mozambique, okuva mu kyasa ekya 14 okutuusa mu kyasa ekya 17. Mu ntikko yaabwo, Mutapa yali awambye ekitundu kya Dande eky’Omugga Tonga ne Tavara. Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwasinganga kwetaba mu by’obusuubuzi okusomoka Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okutuuka mu mawanga ag’omu Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Okufaananako abantu abaaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu mu Maravi, Mutapa yalina obuzibu n’abasuubuzi Abapotigo abaali bazze. Obutategeeragana buno we bwatuukira ku ntikko, Abapotigo baali bagezezzaako okukyusa mu nsonga z’omunda mu bwakabaka nga batandikawo obutale mu bwakabaka era nga bakyusa abantu okubayingiza Obukristaayo. Ekikolwa kino kyaleetawo obusungu mu Basiraamu AbaSwahili abaali babeera mu kibuga ekikulu, akavuyo kano kaawa Abapotigo ensonga gye baali banoonya okulumba obwakabaka era bagezeeko okufuga ebirombe by'abwo ebya zaabu n'enguudo awayitira amasanga. Obulumbaganyi buno bwagwa butaka Abapotigo bwe baalumbibwa endwadde nga bayita ku mugga Zambezi.<ref name="Mutapa">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1600 enkaayana ez'omunda n'olutalo lw'omunda byatandika okukendeera kwa Mutapa. Obwakabaka obwali bunafuye bwawangulwa Abapotigo era oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera bwatwalibwa amawanga ga Shona bwe baali bawalangana.<ref name="Mutapa2">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Abapotigo nabo baalina ettaka ddene, eryali limanyiddwa nga Prazos, era baakozesanga abaddu n'abaali abaddu ng'abakuumi n'abayizzi. Baatendekanga abasajja mu bukodyo bw'amagye era ne babawa emmundu. Abasajja bano baafuuka abayizzi b'enjovu abakugu era baali bamanyiddwa nga ba Chikunda. Oluvannyuma lw'okukendeera kw'Abapotigo, Chikunda baasobola okwesolossa munda mu Zambia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2019 |title=Chikunda |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227184451/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |archive-date=27 February 2021 |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Portugal okubeera mu kitundu ekyo kyali nsonga lwaki obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwatandikibwawo, eggwanga eryali lyetongodde ku Mutapa. Omukulembeze w'obwakabaka bwa Rozvi, Changamire Dombo, yafuuka omu ku bakulembeze abasingayo amaanyi mu byafaayo bya South-Central Africa. Wansi w'obukulembeze bwe, obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwawangula Abapotigo ne babaggya mu bifo mwe baali bakolera bizineesi ku mugga Zambezi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rozwi {{!}} historical state, Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125203243/https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |archive-date=25 January 2021 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Naye oboolyawo ekyokulabirako ekisinga okumanyibwa mu kino okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti kwe kweyongera kw’Abazulu wansi w’obukulembeze bwa Shaka. Okupikirizibwa okuva eri Abangereza abafuzi b’amatwale mu Cape ne okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti mu Bazulu kyavaako Mfecane (okunyigirizibwa). Abazulu beeyongera nga bayingiza abakazi n’abaana b’ebika bye baawangula, singa abasajja b’ebika bino ebya Nguni baawona okuttibwa, baakozesa obukodyo bw’amagye obw’Abazulu okulumba ebibinja ebirala.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Kino kyaviirako abantu bangi okusenguka, entalo n'obulumbaganyi mu Bukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati ne mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika nga ab'ekika kya Nguni oba Ngoni nga bakulembeddwamu Zwagendaba baasomoka omugga Zambezi nga batambulira mu Bukiikakkono. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni be baakuba ekibuga Maravi Empire ekyali kinafuye. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni abasinga obungi baasenga mu kitundu ekyali Zambia, [[Malawi]], [[Mozambique]] ne [[Tanzania]] era ne beegatta ku bika ebyali mu kitundu ekyo.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history2">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Zambia, ekibinja ekirala eky’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Afirika eky’Abasotho-Tswana abava mu Luba ne Lunda ezaagwa edda abayitibwa Abaluyana baawamba Kololo ne bamussaako olulimi Olukololo okutuusa Abaluyana lwe beekalakaasa ne baggyako Kololo mu kiseera kino olulimi Olukololo lwali lwerabiddwa era olulimi olupya olugattiddwa lwe lwavaamu, SiLozi era Abaluyana baatandika okweyita Abalozi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lozi {{!}} people |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528092724/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |archive-date=28 May 2023 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kya 18, Abamu ku Mbunda baasengukira mu Barotseland, Mongu oluvannyuma lw'okusenguka kw'abantu abalala, nga muno mwe muli, Ciyengele.<ref>'' The elites of Barotseland, 1878–1969: a political history of Zambia's Western Province'': a. Gerald L. Caplan, C. Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd, 1970, {{ISBN|0-900966-38-6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=maniacky |first=jacky |title=bantu zone K |url=http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140411045127/http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-date=2014-04-11 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.bantu-languages.com}}</ref> '''Ekiseera ky'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' '''Abazungu''' Omu ku Bulaaya abaasooka okuwandiikibwa nga baakyalako mu kitundu kino yali omuvumbuzi Omupotigo Francisco de Lacerda ku nkomerero y'ekyasa ekya 18. Lacerda yakulemberamu ekibinja ky'abavumbuzi okuva e Mozambique okutuuka mu kitundu ky'e Kazembe mu Zambia (nga balina ekiruubirirwa eky'okuvumbula n'okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa okuva ku lubalama lw'ennyanja okutuuka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja omulundi ogusooka),<ref>{{cite web |year=1798 |title=Instructions and Travel Diary that Governor Francisco Joze de Lacerda e Almeida Wrote about His Travel to the Center of Africa, Going to the River of Sena, in the Year of 1798 |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905135844/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |archive-date=5 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Library of Congress}}</ref> era n'afa mu kiseera ky'olugendo mu 1798. Olugendo luno okuva olwo lwakulemberwamu mukwano gwe Francisco Pinto.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hartnett |first=Craig |title=Portuguese Expedition to Northern Rhodesia, 1798–99 |url=http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924023553/http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Great North Road (GNR, Northern Rhodesia, Zambia) |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ekitundu kino, ekisangibwa wakati wa Mozambique ne [[Angola]], kyali kigambibwa nti kyali kya Bupotugo mu kiseera ekyo. Abalala abava mu Bulaaya baagoberera mu kyasa 19. Eyasinga okumanyika mu bano yali David Livingstone, eyalina okwolesebwa okw'okukomya okusuubula abaddu ng'ayita mu "3Cs": Obukristaayo, Ebyobusuubuzi, n'Obuwangwa. Ye Muzungu eyasooka okulaba ebisulo by'amazzi ebyewuunyisa ku Mugga Zambezi mu 1855, n'abyogerako bw'ati: "Ebifo ebirabika obulungi bityo biteekwa okuba nga byatunuulirwa bamalayika mu kudduka kwabwe".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Livingstone Discovers Victoria Falls, 1855 |url=http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522092057/http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |archive-date=22 May 2020 |access-date=28 May 2020 |website=EyeWitness to History}}</ref> Mu kitundu kino ebiyiriro bimanyiddwa nga "Mosi-o-Tunya" oba "omukka ogubwatuka" mu lulimi Lozi oba Kololo. Ekibuga Livingstone, okumpi n'ebiyiriro, kiyitibwa erinnya lye. Emboozi ezikwata ku ŋŋendo ze zaali zimanyiddwa nnyo ne kiviirako abagenyi bangi okuva mu Bulaaya, abaminsani, n'abasuubuzi oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwe mu 1873.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627015544/https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-date=27 June 2020 |website=The Provincial Administration Website}}</ref> '''Kampuni ya British South Africa Company''' Mu 1888, kampuni ya British South Africa Company (BSA Company), eyakulemberwa Cecil Rhodes, yafuna olukusa okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka okuva ku Litunga ow'abantu ba Lozi, omukulu w'essaza ly'abantu ba Lozi (Ba-rotse) mu kitundu ekyafuuka Barotziland-North-Western Rhodesia.<ref name="livingstone">{{cite web |author=Livingstone Tourism Association |title=Destination:Zambia&nbsp;– History and Culture |url=http://www.livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012153527/http://livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> Ebuvanjuba, mu Gwekkumineebiri 1897 ekibinja ky’Abangoni oba Abangoni (abaasibuka mu Zululand) beekalakaasa nga bakulemberwa Tsinco, mutabani wa Kabaka Mpezeni, naye obujeemu bwakomezebwawo,<ref name="unam">{{cite web |author1=Human Rights |author2=Documentation Centre |name-list-style=amp |title=Zambia: Historical Background |url=http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311093653/http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-date=11 March 2007 |access-date=14 January 2011}}</ref> era Mpezeni n’akkiriza Pax Britannica. Ekitundu ky’eggwanga ekyo kyatandika okumanyibwa nga Rhodesia ey'omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba. Mu 1895, Rhodes yasaba omusikawutu wa Omumerika Frederick Russell Burnham okunoonya eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka n’engeri y’okulongoosaamu entambula y’emigga mu kitundu ekyo, era mu lugendo luno mwe mwazuulibwa Frederick Russell Burnham eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka bingi ku mugga Kafue.<ref name="burnham1899">{{cite book |last=Burnham |first=Frederick Russell |author-link=Frederick Russell Burnham |year=1899 |title=Bulawayo Up-to-date; Being a General Sketch of Rhodesia |title-link=s:Northern Rhodesia |publisher=Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co. |editor-last=Wills |editor-first=Walter H. |pages=177–180 |chapter=Northern Rhodesia}}</ref> '''Obufuzi bw'amatwale ga Bungereza''' Mu 1953, okutondebwawo kwa Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland z'agatta wamu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono ne Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo, ne Nyasaland (kati Malawi) ng’ekitundu kimu ekyetongodde. Kino kyakolebwa wadde nga waaliwo okuwakanyizibwa okuva mu bantu abatono, abaakola okwekalakaasa okwaliwo mu 1960–61.<ref name="infoplease">{{cite web |author=Pearson Education |title=Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Federation of |url=http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012231959/http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> '''Obwetwaaze''' Omukago gwasaanyizibwawo nga 31 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, era mu Gwoluberyeberye 1964, Kaunda yawangula akalulu k'Obwaminisita bwa Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono. Gavana w'amatwale, Sir Evelyn Hone, yali mukwano nnyo gwa Kaunda era yamukubiriza okwesimbawo ku kifo ekyo. Mangu ddala oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, waaliwo okwekalakaasa mu Bukiikakkono bw'eggwanga eryo eryali limanyiddwa nga Lumpa Uprising nga lyali liduumirwa Alice Lenshina – Kaunda's first internal conflict as leader of the nation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2020 |title=Alice Lenshina |url=https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228081501/https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |archive-date=28 February 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=The British Empire}}</ref> Rhodesia yafuuka Republic of Zambia nga 24 Ogwekkumi 1964, nga Kenneth Kaunda ye pulezidenti eyasooka. Ku kufuna obwetwaze, wadde nga yalina ebyobugagga eby'omu ttaka ebingi, Zambia yasanga okusoomoozebwa okw'amaanyi. Munda mu ggwanga, waaliwo Abazambia abatendeke era abayivu abasukka mu 70,000 abaali basobola okuddukanya gavumenti, era ebyenfuna byali byesigamye nnyo ku bakugu okuva mu mawanga amalala. Obukugu buno bwaweebwa mu ngeri emu oba endala omubaka wa Bungereza mu Zambia John Willson.<ref>[http://www.chu.cam.ac.uk/archives/collections/BDOHP/Willson.pdf WILLSON, John Michael (born 15 July 1931)]{{Dead link|date=June 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}. BDOHP Biographical Details and Interview Index. chu.cam.ac.uk</ref> Waaliwo Abazungu abasukka mu 70,000 ababeera mu Zambia mu 1964, era baasigala nga ba mugaso nnyo mu byenfuna.<ref name="Zambia">{{Cite news|date=1964-10-25|title=1964: President Kaunda takes power in Zambia|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605125604/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-date=5 June 2013|access-date=2025-09-13|url-status=live|language=en-GB}}</ref> Kaunda okuwagira abayeekera ba Patriotic Front abaali bakola obulumbaganyi mu mawanga ag'omuliraano (Bukiikaddyo) Rhodesia kyaleetawo obunkenke mu by'obufuzi era ne kireetawo okukozesa amagye ku nsalo, era kino kyaviirako ensalo okuggalwa mu 1973.<ref name="blackfire">{{cite book |last=Raeburn |first=Michael |year=1978 |title=We are everywhere: Narratives from Rhodesian guerillas |url=https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-0-394-50530-5 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 1–209]}}</ref>Ebbibiro ly'amasannyalaze erya Kariba ku mugga Zambezi lyawa amasannyalaze agamala okukola ku byetaago by'eggwanga eby'amasannyalaze, wadde nga Rhodesia ye yali ekola ku by'amasannyalaze. Nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1978, ennyonyi ey'abantu ba bulijjo, Air Rhodesia Flight 825, yakubibwa amasasi okumpi ne Kariba abayeekera ba Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) abaakulemberwa Joshua Nkomo. Rhodesia yaddamu n'ekikwekweto kya Gatling, okulumba enkambi endala mu Zambia nga bakozesa amaanyi g'ennyonyi n'abajaasi abakugu mu kubuuka mu bbanga n'abajaasi abakugu mu kukozesa ennyonyi.<ref>{{cite web |title=GREEN LEADER. OPERATION GATLING, THE RHODESIAN MILITARY'S RESPONSE TO THE VISCOUNT TRAGEDY |url=http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125155440/http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-date=25 January 2017 |access-date=22 April 2017}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1970, Mozambique ne Angola zaali zifunye obwetwaze okuva ku Portugal. Gavumenti ya Rhodesia eyali esingamu abazungu, eyafulumya Ekirangiriro ky’Obwetwaze mu 1965, yakkiriza obufuzi obw’abantu abangi wansi w’Endagaano ya Lancaster House mu 1979.<ref name="zimstudy">{{cite book |last=Nelson |first=Harold |year=1983 |title=Zimbabwe: A Country Study |publisher=Claitors Publishing Division |isbn=978-0-16-001598-4 |pages=54–137}}</ref> Obukuubagano mu bitundu byombi ebyali bifugibwa Abapotigo n'olutalo lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwa [[Namibia]] byaviirako okuyingira kw'abanoonyi b'obubudamuera ne kyongera ku buzibu bw'ebyentambula. Oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Benguela, olwayita mu [[Angola]], lwaggalwawo ddala eri ebyentambula bya Zambia mu myaka gya 1970 egyali gisembayo. Zambia okuwagira ebibiina ebirwanyisa obusosoze mu mawanga nga African National Congress (ANC) era kyaleetawo obuzibu bw'ebyokwerinda ng'amagye ga South Africa Defence Force galumba ebifo ebitali bimu mu lutalo lw'okulwanyisa obwetwaze bwa Namibia.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Evans, M. |year=1984 |title=The Front-Line States, South Africa and Southern African Security: Military Prospects and Perspectives |url=http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/Journal%20of%20the%20University%20of%20Zimbabwe/vol12n1/juz012001002.pdf |journal=Zambezia |volume=12 |page=1}}</ref> '''Ebizibu by'ebyenfuna''' Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1970, omuwendo gwa kkopa, ekyamaguzi ekikulu ekiva mu Zambia, gwasereba nnyo mu nsi yonna. Mu mbeera ya Zambia, obungi bw'okutambuza kkopa eŋŋendo empanvu okutuuka mu katale kyali kizibu kinene. Zambia yasaba obuyambi okuva mu mawanga ag'ebweru n'ag'ensi yonna, naye, nga bbeeyi ya kkopa esigadde nga yasereba, kyeyongera okubeera ekizibu okusasula amabanja gaayo agaali geeyongera. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1990, wadde nga tewaaliwo kusonyiyibwa mabanja, ebbeyi ya kkopa eyali eva mu Zambia yali emu ku bintu ebyali bisinga okuba eby'ebbeeyi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia (12/08) |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625080205/https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |archive-date=25 June 2020 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> '''Okukola ku nsonga z'abantu''' Mu Gwomukaaga 1990, obwegugungo obwali buwakanya Kaunda bwatandika era abeekalakaasi bangi battibwa gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2020 |title=About Zambia |url=http://www.psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509233410/http://psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-date=9 May 2016 |access-date=20 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bartlett |first=David M. C. |date=2000 |title=Civil Society and Democracy: A Zambian Case Study |journal=Journal of Southern African Studies |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=429–446 |doi=10.1080/030570700750019655 |issn=0305-7070 |jstor=2637411 |s2cid=143480603}}</ref>Mu 1990, Kaunda yawona okulumbibwa amagye, era mu 1991, yakkiriza okuzzaawo enfuga ey'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, oluvannyuma lw'okussaawo enfuga ey'ekibiina ekimu wansi w'akakiiko ka Choma aka 1972. Oluvannyuma lw'okulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, Kaunda yaggyibwa mu woofiisi oluvannyuma lw'okuwangulwa mu kulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi Frederick Chiluba. Mu myaka gya 2000, ebyenfuna byanywerera, ne bituuka ku kweyongera kw'ebbeeyi y'ebintu mu 2006–2007, okweyongera kw'ebyenfuna, okukendeera kw'amagoba, n'okweyongera kw'omutindo gw'ebyobusuubuzi. Bingi ku kukulaakulana kuno kuvudde ku kusiga ensimbi okuva ebweru mu by'okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka n'okweyongera kw'emiwendo gy'ekikomo mu nsi yonna. Bino byonna byaleetera Zambia okusikirizibwa ennyo abagabi b'obuyambi era ne kireetera abasiga nsimbi okwongera okwesiga eggwanga lino. == Ebyobufuzi == Ebyobufuzi mu Zambia bitambulira mu nkola ey'omukulembeze w'eggwanga omukiise mu demokulasiya ow'eggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo, omukulembeze wa Zambia y'akulira eggwanga era akulira gavumenti mu ggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo. Gavumenti ekozesa obuyinza obw'okuteeka mu nkola, ate obuyinza obw'okukola amateeka buweebwa gavumenti ne paalamenti. Zambia yafuuka repubuliki oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu Gwekkumi 1964. Okuva mu 2011 okutuuka mu 2014, pulezidenti wa Zambia yali Michael Sata, okutuusa Sata lwe yafa nga 28 Ogwekkumi 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zambian President Michael Sata dies in London - BBC News|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705073526/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-date=2017-07-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=BBC News|language=en-GB}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Sata, omumyuka wa pulezidenti Guy Scott, Omuzambia ow'ensibuko y'Abasikawutu, yafuuka omukungu akola nga pulezidenti. Okulonda kwa pulezidenti kwaliwo nga 22 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015. Omugatte gw’abantu 11 abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti be beesimbawo mu kulonda era nga 24 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015, kyalangirirwa nti Edgar Chagwa Lungu yali awangudde okulonda okufuuka pulezidenti ow’omukaaga. Yawangula ebitundu 48.33% eby’obululu, ng’obululu 1.66% bwali bumusinga ku munnabyabufuzi akyasinze okuvuganya gavumenti, Hakainde Hichilema, eyafuna ebitundu 46.67%.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Defence Minister Lungu wins Zambia's disputed presidential race|url=http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305065726/http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-date=2016-03-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=Yahoo News|language=en-US}}</ref>Abantu abalala mwenda abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti baafuna obululu obutaweza na bitundu 1% ku bululu bwonna. Mu kulonda pkwaliwo mu Gwomunaana 2016 Zambian general election pulezidenti Edgar Lungu yawangula okulonda okw’omulundi ogw’okubiri. Omukago ogutaba ebibiina by’ebyobufuzi ogwa Patriotic Front (PF) gwagaana ebyali byogerwa ab’oludda oluvuganya gavumenti, UPND party.<ref name="bbc-15aug2016">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|title=Zambia's President Edgar Lungu declared election winner|work=BBC News|date=15 August 2016|access-date=17 May 2021|archive-date=26 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026223033/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021, okwalimu abalonzi 70% ku abo abaali basuubirwa, Hakainde Hichilema yawangula ebitundu 59% eby’obululu, ng’omuvuganya we eyali asingayo okuba ow’amaanyi, Edgar Chagwa Lungu, eyali pulezidenti mu kiseera ekyo, yafuna ebitundu 39% eby’obululu.<ref name="zm-elec-39">{{Cite news|url=https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm|title=Presidential Election Results|work=Electoral Commission of Zambia|date=16 August 2021|access-date=27 December 2021|archive-date=2 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102194510/https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm/}}</ref> Nga 16 Ogwomunaana Edgar Lungu yakkiriza mu kiwandiiko kye yafulumya ku ttivi, ng’aweereza ebbaluwa era ng’ayozayoza pulezidenti omulonde Hakainde Hichilema.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-08-16|title=Zambia election: Hakainde Hichilema beats President Edgar Lungu|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|access-date=2021-08-16|archive-date=24 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824152003/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|last=Kabwe|first=Zitto|author-link=Zitto Kabwe|user=zittokabwe|number=1426967254986629126|date=15 August 2021|title=#Zambia President @EdgarCLungu has conceded in a letter sent to now president elect @HHichilema of @UPNDZM. Once again Zambia has shown the world the level of its democratic maturity. Peaceful transfer of power is happening for third time in history. Congratulations Zambians|language=en|access-date=30 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827180204/https://twitter.com/zittokabwe/status/1426967254986629126|archive-date=27 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomunaana 2021, Hakainde Hichilema yalayizibwa nga pulezidenti wa Zambia omuggya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2021 |title=Zambia's Hakainde Hichilema sworn in as President in rare victory for an African opposition leader |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116213703/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |archive-date=16 November 2021 |access-date=16 November 2021}}</ref> '''Amaggye''' Mu 2019, Zambia yassa omukono ku ndagaano ya UN ekwata ku Kuziyiza eby'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa ebya Nukiriya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2017 |title=Chapter XXVI: Disarmament&nbsp;– No. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806220546/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |archive-date=6 August 2019 |access-date=18 October 2019 |publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection}}</ref> '''Amateeka n'eddembe ly'obuntu''' Gavumenti evunaanye abavumirira nga bakozesa ebigambo by'amateeka nti baali bawabya abantu. Amateeka agakwata ku kuwandiika ebintu ebikyamu gakozesebwa okukugira eddembe ly'okwogera ne bannamawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2015 |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225030706/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-date=2021-02-25 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=2009-2017.state.gov}}</ref> Ebikolwa eby'okweganza wakati w'abantu ab'ekikula ekimu kimenya mateeka eri abasajja n'abakazi mu Zambia.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 May 2016 |title=State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition |url=http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902183618/http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |archive-date=2 September 2017 |access-date=29 July 2017 |website=[[International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Daniel|last=Avery|title=71 Countries Where Homosexuality is Illegal|url=https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|work=Newsweek|date=4 April 2019|access-date=18 August 2019|archive-date=11 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211204842/https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|url-status=live}}</ref> Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu 2010 kwalaga nti ebitundu 2% ebya Bannansi ba Zambia bakitwala nti okulya ebisiyaga tekirina buzibu bwonna ku mpisa.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Meyer |first1=Birgit |date=2021 |title=What Is Religion in Africa? Relational Dynamics in an Entangled World |journal=Journal of Religion in Africa |publisher=Brill |volume=50 |issue=1–2 |pages=156–181 |doi=10.1163/15700666-12340184 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2019, kyategeezebwa nti Omubaka wa Amerika mu Zambia Daniel Lewis Foote "yakwatibwa ensisi" olw'engeri Zambia gy'ekuumamu abalyi b'ebisiyaga mu makomera. Oluvannyuma lw'okujulira ne kulema era nga n'abafumbo bano Japhet Chataba ne Steven Samba baasalirwa ekibonerezo kya kusibibwa emyaka 15 mu makomera, Foote yasaba gavumenti ya Zambia okuddamu okwekenneenya omusango guno n'amateeka ga Zambia agalwanyisa ebisiyaga. Foote yafuna obuzibu era n'asazaamu okujja mu bantu oluvannyuma lw'okutiisibwatiisibwa ku mikutu gya yintaneeti, era oluvannyuma lw'okulangirirwa Lungu nti y'omuntu ataagalwa mu ggwanga eryo.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 December 2019 |title=US recalls ambassador to Zambia after gay rights row |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231195603/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |archive-date=31 December 2019 |access-date=12 January 2020 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 2026, gavumenti ya Zambia yavumirirwa olw'okwongezaayo olukiiko olw'amaanyi olw'ensi yonna olw'eddembe ly'obuntu, RightsCon, ennaku musanvu zokka nga tezinnatuuka okubeerawo mu Lusaka. Olukiiko olwo oluvannyuma lwasazibwamu oluvannyuma lw'okumanya nti gavumenti ya Zambia yali esaba, kirabika nga kya kusaba kw'abakungu ba China, okulungamya n'okuggyako aboogezi okuva e Taiwan. Abakugu baayogedde ku kweraliikirira olw'okulondoola n'okweyongera kw'obulabe eri ebitongole by'obwanakyewa.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gault ·|first1=Matthew|title=World's Largest Digital Human Rights Conference Suddenly Canceled|url=https://www.404media.co/rightscon-human-rights-conference-suddenly-postponed/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=404 Media|date=29 April 2026|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Elliott|first1=Vittoria|title=The Chinese Government Just Got the World's Largest Digital Rights Conference Canceled|url=https://www.wired.com/story/the-chinese-government-pressured-zambia-to-cancel-the-worlds-largest-digital-rights-conference/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Wired|date=1 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hendrix|first1=Justin|title=RightsCon Canceled After Zambia Requires 'Full Alignment' With 'National Values'|url=https://www.techpolicy.press/rightscon-canceled-after-zambia-requires-full-alignment-with-national-values/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Tech Policy Press|date=30 April 2026|language=en}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo by'abantu''' Okusinziira ku kubala abantu okwa 2022 mu Zambia, omuwendo gw'abantu mu Zambia gwali 19,610,769.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia's Population up to 19,610,769 in 2022 from 13,092,666 in 2010 – Zambia Statistics Agency |url=https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305022051/https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |archive-date=5 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ebibinja by'abantu ebisinga obunene mu Zambia beebo abayitibwa Bemba obukadde 3.3 (33.6%), Nyanja obukadde 1.8 (18.2%), Tonga obukadde 1.7 (16.8%), Abantu ab’omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba 1,000,000 (10.3%), Abalozii (Barotse) 770,000 (7.8%), Abamabwe 580,000 (5.9%), Abatumbuka 500,000 (5.1%), Abalamba 165,000 (2%), Abayindi 11,900 n’Abazungu 6,200.<ref>{{cite journal |date=2 November 2023 |title=Zambia |url=https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909114747/https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |archive-date=9 September 2023 |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=minorityrights.org}}</ref> Zambia y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubeeramu abantu mu bibuga mu Afirika eri wansi wa Sahara, ng'ebitundu 44% eby'abantu babeera mu bitundu ebisinga okubeeramu entambula, so ng'ate ebyalo birimu abantu batono nnyo. Omuwendo gw'abaana abazaalibwa gwali 6.2 mu 2007 (6.1 mu 1996, 5.9 mu 2001–02).<ref>{{cite web |title=Welcome to the Official site of Zambian Statistics |url=http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113144454/http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-date=13 November 2014 |access-date=11 April 2014 |publisher=Zamstats.gov.zm}}</ref> '''Ebibuga ebisinga obunene''' Okutandika kw'okuyiikuula ekikomo mu makolero ku Copperbelt mu myaka gya 1920 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga. Wadde ng'okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga kwali kuteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, kyali kinene nnyo.[1] Ebibuga ebikolebwamu eby'obugagga ku Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali eteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, yali nnene nnyo.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Potts |first=Deborah |date=2005 |title=Counter-urbanisation on the Zambian Copperbelt? Interpretations and implications |journal=Urban Studies |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=583–609 |bibcode=2005UrbSt..42..583P |doi=10.1080/00420980500060137 |s2cid=154412136}}</ref> Ebibuga ebirimu ebirombe bya Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali y'etoloolera ku gaali z'omukka n'enguudo okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwe bironbe bya kkoppa okuyita mu Kapiri Mposhi, Lusaka, Choma ne Livingstone. '''Ebibinja by'abantu''' Zambia elimu ebika nga 73,<ref name="BritannicaPeople">{{Cite web |title=Zambia – People |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambia/People |access-date=1 October 2024 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref><ref name="epr">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> wadde mu nkola waliwo ebibinja ebitono ebirabika obulungi.[2] Abazambia abasinga boogera Olubantu.<ref name="epr2">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ebibinja ebisinga obunene mu lulimi bye Bemba, Nyanja (era ekiyitibwa Chewa), ne Tonga; ebibinja ebirala ebitali binene nnyo bye Kaonde, Lozi, Luanda, ne Luvale.[2]<ref name="epr" /> Mu 2010, omuwendo gw'abantu gwateeberezebwa okuba ebitundu 21% Bemba, ebitundu 13.6% Tonga, ebitundu 7.4% Chewa, ebitundu 5.7% Lozi, ebitundu 5.3% Nsenga, ebitundu 4.4% Tumbuka, ebitundu 4.0% Ngoni, ne 38.6% abalala.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Bemba kye kisinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkono, Luapula, ne Copperbelt; ekibinja kya Tonga mu bitundu by'Obukiikaddyo, n'eby'Obugwanjuba; n'ekibinja kya Lozi mu bitundu by'Obugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Tumbuka ekitono ennyo kisangibwa mu kiwonvu kya Luangwa mu Buvanjuba.[2] Tewali kibinja ky'abantu aboogera olulimi olumu abasinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ebitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba tebirimu bantu bangi nnyo.<ref name="epr3">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ng’oggyeko olulimi, obuwangwa bukulu mu Zambia.<ref name="epr3" />Obuwangwa buno batera okubukwataganya n’obwesigwa bw’amaka oba n’ab’obuyinza eb'ennono. Obuwangwa buno busengekeddwa mu bibinja by’ennimi ebikulu.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Posner |first=Daniel N. |date=2005-06-06 |title=Institutions and Ethnic Politics in Africa |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-83398-1 |language=en |doi=10.1017/CBO9780511808661 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083432/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |archive-date=2023-03-21}}</ref> Abagwiira, okusingira ddala Abangereza oba Aba South Afrika, wamu n'abamu ku bannansi ba Zambia abeeru Abazungu abava mu Bungereza, babeera nnyo mu Lusaka ne mu Copperbelt mu Bukiikakkono bwa Zambia, gye baba nga bakola mu birombe, mu by'ensimbi n'emirimu emirala egifaananako bwe gityo oba nga bawummudde. Waaliwo Abazungu 70,000 mu Zambia mu 1964, naye bangi okuva olwo bavudde mu ggwanga.<ref name="Zambia" /> Zambia erina abantu abatono naye nga balina omugaso mu byenfuna abava mu Asia, abasinga obungi ku bo Buhindi ne Bachina. Ekibinja kino eky’abantu abatono ky'ekikyasinze okufuga eby’enfuna nga kye kikola ku by’okutunda ebintu. Kiteeberezebwa nti Abachina nga 80,000 be baali babeera mu Zambia mu 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ZAMBIA: Zambians wary of |url=http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910230935/http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-date=2011-09-10 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=IRINnews}}</ref> Mu myaka egiyise, ebikumi n’ebikumi by’abalimi abazungu abaali bagobeddwa mu Zimbabwe baasengukira e Zambia oluvannyuma lw’okuyitibwa gavumenti ya Zambia, okutandika okulima mu matwae g'omu Bukiikaddyo.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zim's Loss, Zam's gain: White Zimbabweans making good in Zambia|date=June 2004|newspaper=The Economist|access-date=28 August 2009|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110215085211/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-date=15 February 2011}}</ref><ref name="Spiegel">{{Cite news|title=Settling in Zambia: Zimbabwe's Displaced Farmers Find a New Home|last=Thielke|first=Thilo|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|date=27 December 2004|access-date=28 August 2009|periodical=[[Der Spiegel]]|archive-date=19 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619050250/http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza okwalebwa ku banoonyi b'obubuddamu mu 2009 ekyakubibwa akakiikio ka America akavunanyizibwa ku banoonyi b'obubudamu n'abagwiira eka U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, Zambia yalina omuwendo gw’abanoonyi b’obubudamu n’abanoonya obubudamu nga bali 88,900. Abanoonyi b’obubudamu abasinga obungi mu ggwanga baava mu Democratic Republic of the Congo (ababundabunda 47,300 okuva mu DRC ng'ababeera mu Zambia mu 2007), Angola (27,100 Bannangola Zambia), Zimbabwe (5,400) ne Rwanda (4,900).<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009">{{cite news|title=World Refugee Survey 2009|publisher=U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants|url=http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211175633/http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-date=11 December 2013}}</ref> Bannansi ba Zambia okutwaliza awamu baaniriza abagwira. Okutandika mu Gwokutaano 2008, omuwendo gw'Abazimbabwe mu Zambia gwatandika okulinnya ennyo; okuyingira kwali kusinga kw'Abazimbabwe abaali babeera mu South Africa abaali badduka obutabanguko obwali mu ggwanga eryo.<ref name="IRIN">{{Cite news|title=Zambia: Rising levels of resentment towards Zimbabweans|date=9 June 2008|access-date=7 August 2023|periodical=[[The New Humanitarian|IRIN News]]|url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2008/06/09/rising-levels-resentment-towards-zimbabweans|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930005909/http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=78648|archive-date=2009-09-30}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Kumpi abanoonyi b'obubudamo 60,000 babeera mu nkambi mu Zambia, ate 50,000 babeera mu bantu ba bulijjo. Abanoonyi b'obubudamo abaagala okukola mu Zambia balina okusaba olukusa saako n'ebiwandiiko ebikukkiriza okukola nga bino biyinza okutwala ddoola 500 buli mwaka.<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009" /> '''Eddiini''' Zambia mu butongole "eggwanga ery'Ekiikuristaayo" wansi wa Ssemateeka w'eggwanga owa 1996, naye essa ekitiibwa mu kukuuma eddembe ly'eddiini n'okusinza.<ref>{{cite web |date=30 June 2008 |title=Constitution of Zambia, 1991(Amended to 1996) |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105055544/http://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |archive-date=5 November 2012 |access-date=18 December 2012 |publisher=Scribd.com}}</ref> Zambia lye ggwanga lyokka mu Afirika erirangirira Obukristaayo ng'eddiini y'eggwanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Haynes |first=N. |date=2021 |title=Taking Dominion in a Christian Nation: North American Political Theology in an African Context |journal=Pneuma |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=214–232 |doi=10.1163/15700747-bja10036 |hdl=20.500.11820/48b556a6-cf81-4058-bf5b-894934a35ca0 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ekitongole kya Zambia ekivunaanyizibwa ku kubala abantu ekya Zambia Statistics Agency mu 2022 kyabalirira nti 98.0% ku Bannazambia Bakristaayo, nga 74.5% Bapulotesitanti, 17.9% Bakatoliki ate 5.6% Bajulirwa ba Yakuwa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2025-07-24 |title=RELIGIOUS LANDSCAPE OF ZAMBIA: AN ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF THE 2022 CENSUS FINDINGS |url=https://www.amulufeblog.com/2025/07/religious-landscape-of-zambia.html |access-date=2026-02-12 |website=Amulufeblog |language=en}}</ref> Enzikiriza z'ekikulisitaayo mu Zambia mulimu Apolotesitante, Abavangelika saako n'Abapentecoote.<ref name=":1" /> Obukristaayo bwatuuka mu Zambia okuyita mu bufuzi bw'amatwale obw'Abazungu, era enjawulo yaakyo ey'ebibiina eby'enjawulo eraga enkyukakyuka mu nkola y'obuminsani; okugeza, Obukatoliki bwava mu Mozambique ey'Abaportugalezi mu Buvanjuba, so ng'Obulokole bwava mu Bungereza mu Bukiikaddyo. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu 1964, Zambia yalaba okweyongera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibiina by'obuminsani ebirala okuva mu bitundu by'ensi ebitali bimu, naddala Amerika ey'Obukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. Mu byasa ebyaddirira, emirimu gy'obuminsani egy'Abazungu egyaddira abakkiriza ab'omu kitundu (okuggyako ebifo ebimu eby'obuminsani, gamba ng'abasawo). Oluvannyuma lwa Frederick Chiluba, Omukulisitaayo Omukristaayo, okufuuka pulezidenti mu 1991, ebibiina by'obuminsani eby'Abazungu byeyongera nnyo okwetooloola Zambia okuva mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu 1964, Zambia yalaba okweyongera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibiina by'obuminsani eby'Abazungu okuva mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani.<ref name="pentecostal">{{cite book |last=Steel |first=Matthew |year=2005 |title=Pentecostalism in Zambia: Power, Authority and the Overcomers |publisher=University of Wales |id=MSc Dissertation}}</ref> Eddiini z'Ekikristaayo ezimu ezirina abagoberezi batono mu nsi yonna zimanyiddwa nnyo mu Zambia. Eggwanga lino lirina abantu abawerako ab'enzikiriza y'eki Adiventi nga mu bibala ku Bazambia 18 osangamu 1 omu Adiventi.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 October 2012 |title=Zambia Union Conference&nbsp;– Adventist Directory |url=http://www.adventistdirectory.org/ViewAdmField.aspx?AdmFieldID=ZAUM |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427045842/https://www.adventistdirectory.org/ViewAdmField.aspx?AdmFieldID=ZAUM |archive-date=27 April 2023 |access-date=18 December 2012 |publisher=Adventistdirectory.org}}</ref> Ekkanisa y'Abalokole eya Central Africa erimu abagoberezi abasukka mu 11,000 mu ggwanga.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lutheran Church of Central Africa: Zambia |url=http://www.celc.info/site/cpage.asp?sec_id=180010197&cpage_id=180031341 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131193035/http://www.celc.info/site/cpage.asp?sec_id=180010197&cpage_id=180031341 |archive-date=31 January 2017 |publisher=Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference}}</ref> Abantu abasukka mu bitundu 12 ku buli kikumi mu Zambia basabira mu Kkanisa ya New Apostostoc Church.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hayashida |first=Nelson Osamu |date=1999 |title=Dreams in the African Literature: The Significance of Dreams and Visions Among Zambian Baptists |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CkNC6-Wmga4C&q=One+in+11+Zambians+is+a+member+of+the+New+Apostolic+Church&pg=PA36 |publisher=Rodopi |isbn=978-90-420-0596-9 |language=en |access-date=3 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518182155/https://books.google.com/books?id=CkNC6-Wmga4C&q=One+in+11+Zambians+is+a+member+of+the+New+Apostolic+Church&pg=PA36#v=snippet&q=One%20in%2011%20Zambians%20is%20a%20member%20of%20the%20New%20Apostolic%20Church&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nga balina abagoberezi abasukka mu kakadde kamu mu emitwalo abiri, eggwanga lirimu ekibiina ky'Abaseveniside ekisinga obunene mu Afirika, okuva ku bantu abasukka mu bukadde mwenda mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Membership figures of the global Church as at the end of 2009: New Apostolic Church International (NAC) |url=http://www.nak.org/news/naci-news/article/16710/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626032545/http://www.nak.org/news/naci-news/article/16710/ |archive-date=26 June 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.nak.org}}</ref> Abantu nga 2.7% ku Bannazambia Basiraamu, abasinga obungi nga Basunni n’abalala abatonotono nga Abaismaili ne Twelver Shia.<ref name="2023RIRF">{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2023-report-on-international-religious-freedom/zambia/ |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=United States Department of State |language=en-US}}</ref> Abasiraamu abali mu Zambia, abalina okubalibwa okw’omulundi ogumu nga 100,000 okusinziira ku kuteebereza okumu okwakolebwa, bazingiramu abanoonyi b’obubudamu okuva e Congo ne [[Somalia]], awamu n’abagwiira okuva mu South Asia ne mu ddungu ly'ebuwalabu abafuuse Bannazambia.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> Abahindu, abasinga obungi nga ba South Asian ancestry, baali nga 10,000 okusinziira ku kuteebereza okumu okwakolebwa, mu 2019.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> Ku ntikko y'akyo mu myaka gya 1960, Abayudaaya abaali mu Zambia abaali bawerera ddala 10,000 ng'abasinga baali basibuka mu Lithuania, Latvia ne Bugirimaani,<ref>{{cite web |last=Tutton |first=Mark |date=19 January 2012 |title=The forgotten story of Zambia's Jewish settlers |url=https://www.cnn.com/2012/01/19/world/africa/zambia-jewish-history/index.html |access-date=17 February 2025 |work=CNN}}</ref>okuva mu 2012 baali batono ddala okusinga Abazambia Abayudaaya ng'abasinga ku bbo baali bawangalira mu Lusaka mu matwale g'Obukiikakkono. Mu Zambia mulimu abantu batono ab'enzikiriza ya Baha ne Buddhists saako ne Sikhs.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> '''Ennimi''' Omuwendo omutuufu ogw'ennimi za Zambia tegumanyiddwa, wadde ng'ebiwandiiko bingi bigamba nti Zambia erina ennimi 73 ez’enjawulo; omuwendo guno guyinza okuba nga guva ku butawulira njawulo wakati w’ennimi n’ebigambo ebikozesebwa eby'enjawulo, nga basinziira ku kuba nti abantu basobola okutegeeragana nga boogera ennimi ez’enjawulo. Okusinziira ku kino, omuwendo gw’ennimi za Zambia guyinza okuba nga guli wakati wa 20 oba 30.<ref name="Chanda, Vincent M., and, Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. 2013 1–173">{{Cite book |author1=Chanda, Vincent M. |year=2013 |title=Speak Zambian Languages: Phrase Book in Bemba, Kaonde, Lozi, Luvale, Lunda, Nyanja and Tonga, all in one |author2=Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson |publisher=UNZA Press |isbn=978-9982-03-073-1 |location=Lusaka, Zambia |pages=1–173}}</ref> Olulimi olutongole mu Zambia lwe Lungereza, olukozesebwa mu bizinensi entongole, eby'enjigiriza, n’amateeka.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" />Olulimi olusinga okwogerwa mu Zambia, naddala mu Lusaka, lwe Lunyaanja (Chewa), oluddako Bemba. Mu birombe bya koppa, Bemba lwe lulimi olusinga okwogerwa era oluddako Nyanja. Olunyaanja n’Olubemba bye byogerwa mu bitundu eby’omu bibuga, okugatta ku nnimi endala eza wano ezaatera okwogerwa mu Zambia. Zino mulimu Lozi, Tumbuka, Kaonde, Tonga, Lunda ne Luvale, ezaalagibwa ku Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation (ZNBC) mu kitundu ky’ennimi za wano.<ref name="BritannicaPeople2">{{Cite web |title=Zambia – People |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambia/People |access-date=1 October 2024 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Chanda, Vincent M., and, Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. 2013 1–1732">{{Cite book |author1=Chanda, Vincent M. |year=2013 |title=Speak Zambian Languages: Phrase Book in Bemba, Kaonde, Lozi, Luvale, Lunda, Nyanja and Tonga, all in one |author2=Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson |publisher=UNZA Press |isbn=978-9982-03-073-1 |location=Lusaka, Zambia |pages=1–173}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. |year=2015 |title=The State of Affairs of Cultural Literacy in Zambia's Multicultural Education System. In A. L. Jotia and J. Dudu (Ed.), Multicultural Education Discourses: Breaking Barriers of Exclusion in Selected African Contexts |publisher=Zebra publishing (Pty) LTD |isbn=978-99945-84-99-4 |location=Windhoek, Namibia |pages=190–204}}</ref> Abasinga obungi bajja kwogera Olubemba n'Olunyanja mu Copperbelt; Olunyanja lusinga kwogerwa mu Lusaka ne mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia. Oluzungu lukozesebwa mu mpuliziganya entongole era lwe lulimi olusinga okwogerwa mu maka mu bantu abava mu mawanga ag'enjawulo. Okumelukawo kuno mu nnimi ereetedde olulimi olwogerwa mu Lusaka ne mu bibuga ebirala ebikulu. Abasinga obungi mu Zambia batera okwogera ennimi ezisukka mu lumu: olulimi olutongole, Oluzungu, n'olulimi olusinga okwogerwa mu kibuga oba mu kitundu gye babeera. Olupotugo luyigirizibwa ng'olulimi olw'okubiri mu masomo g'essomero olw'okubeerawo kw'Abangereza aboogera Olupotugo abangi mu Zambia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Actualités Afrique - Economie, sport, santé, politique |url=http://www.afriquejet.com/news/africa-news/zambia-to-introduce-portuguese-into-school-curriculum-2009041825794.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121208151924/http://www.afriquejet.com/news/africa-news/zambia-to-introduce-portuguese-into-school-curriculum-2009041825794.html |archive-date=2012-12-08 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.afriquejet.com |language=fr-fr}}</ref> '''Eby'enjigiriza''' Eddembe okufuna obuyigirize obwenkanankana era obumala eri bonna kikuumibwa mu ssemateeka wa Zambia.[1] Etteeka ly’Obuyigirize erya 2011 likugira obuyigirize obwenkanankana era obw’omutindo.[2] Omutindo gw’obuyivu bw’olulimi Olungereza nga bwe gwali mu 2018 guli ebitundu 86.7%.[3] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] as3onfzwo0zzum6fsq4uwxoquq7s1s6 59361 59356 2026-07-06T17:11:35Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 59361 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Amawanga ga Luba-Lunda oluvannyuma gaakendeera olw'okutunda abaddu mu Atlantic mu Bugwanjuba ne mu Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba ne mu ntalo n'ebibinja ebyali byawuddwa ku bwakabaka. Aba Chokwe, ekibinja ekirina oluganda olw'okumpi ne Luvale era ne kitondebwawo ng'eggwanga lya Lunda satellite, mu kusooka gaakosebwa olw'obwetaavu bwabaddu eri Abazungu, naye bwe baawukana ku bwakabaka, bo bennyini baafuuka batunzi ba baddu abamanyiddwa ennyo, nga batunda abaddu ku mbalama zombi. Abachokwe oluvannyuma baawangulwa amawanga amalala n'Abaportugali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azuonye |first=Chukwuma |date=15 December 1996 |title=Chokwe: (Angola, Zambia) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ejao3vG6nfsC&pg=PA11 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-1990-1 |language=en}}</ref> Obutali butebenkevu buno bwaviirako okugwa kw'obwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'abantu okusaasaanira mu bitundu bya Zambia eby'enjawulo okuva mu Democratic Republic of the Congo. Abazambia abasinga obungi balina obuzaale mu bwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'obwakabaka obulala obuli mu Masekkati ga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1200, ng’eggwanga lya Luba-Lunda terinnatandikibwawo, ekibinja ky’aba Bantu baatandika okusenguka okuva mu Congo Basin okudda ku Nnyanja Mweru ate oluvannyuma ne basenga okumpi n’ennyanja Malawi. Abasenze bano balowoozebwa okuba nga baali abamu ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky’e Upemba mu Democratic Republic of Congo. Mu myaka gya 1400, ebibinja by’abasenze bano awamu baayitibwanga Maravi, era nga mu bo mwalimu Abachewa abaatandika okukoppa ebibinja by’aba Bantu nga Tumbuka.<ref name="Team">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 1480 Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwatandikibwawo kalonga (omukulu w'obwakabaka bwa Maravi) okuva mu kika kya Phiri, kimu ku bika ebikulu, ng'ebirala mulimu Banda, Mwale ne Nkhoma. Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwali buva ku Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Enkulaakulana y'ebyobufuzi ey'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi yali efaanana ey'Obwakabaka bwa Luba era kigambibwa nti bwavaayo. Ekyamaguzi ekikulu eky'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi kyali amasanga, agaatundibwanga okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Ekyuma nakyo kyakolebwanga era ne kitundibwa mu nsi endala. Mu myaka gya 1590, Abapotigo baagezaako okweddiza eby'obusuubuzi n’okutunda Maravi mu nsi endala. Okugezaako kuno kwaleetawo obusungu mu Maravi ab’e Lundu, abaasumulula eggye lyabwe erya WaZimba. WaZimba baalumba ebibuga by’Abapotigo eby’obusuubuzi nga Tete, Sena n’ebibuga ebirala bingi.<ref name="thinkafrica.net">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Abamaravi nabo bateeberezebwa okuba nga baaleeta obulombolombo obwandifuuse ekibiina kya Nyau eky'ekyama okuva e Upemba. Aba Nyau be bakola ku nzikiriza oba eddiini y'obuwangwa ey'abantu b'omu Maravi. Ekibiina kya Nyau kirimu okuzina okw'obulombolombo n'obukookolo obukozesebwa mu kuzina; enzikiriza eno yasaasaana okwetooloola ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maptia |title=The Secret Cult of Nyau Dancers |url=https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108130415/https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-date=8 November 2020 |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=Maptia |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwakendeera olw'enkaayana ezikwata ku busika mu mukago, okulumbibwa Ngoni n'okulumba abaddu okuva mu Yao.<ref name="thinkafrica.net2">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa ne Mfecane''' Ng'Obwakabaka bwa Great Zimbabwe bwali bukendedde, omu ku balangira baabwo, Nyatsimba Mutota, yava mu ggwanga n'atandikawo obwakabaka obupya obuyitibwa Mutapa. Ekitiibwa kya Mwene Mutapa, ekitegeeza "Omulumbaganyi w'Ensi", kyamuweebwa era n'abafuzi abaddirira.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mwene Matapa {{!}} historical dynastic title, southern Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520141810/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |archive-date=20 May 2023 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwafuganga ekitundu ekiri wakati w’Omugga Zambezi n’Omugga Limpopo, mu kitundu ekiriwo kati ekiyitibwa Zambia, Zimbabwe ne Mozambique, okuva mu kyasa ekya 14 okutuusa mu kyasa ekya 17. Mu ntikko yaabwo, Mutapa yali awambye ekitundu kya Dande eky’Omugga Tonga ne Tavara. Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwasinganga kwetaba mu by’obusuubuzi okusomoka Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okutuuka mu mawanga ag’omu Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Okufaananako abantu abaaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu mu Maravi, Mutapa yalina obuzibu n’abasuubuzi Abapotigo abaali bazze. Obutategeeragana buno we bwatuukira ku ntikko, Abapotigo baali bagezezzaako okukyusa mu nsonga z’omunda mu bwakabaka nga batandikawo obutale mu bwakabaka era nga bakyusa abantu okubayingiza Obukristaayo. Ekikolwa kino kyaleetawo obusungu mu Basiraamu AbaSwahili abaali babeera mu kibuga ekikulu, akavuyo kano kaawa Abapotigo ensonga gye baali banoonya okulumba obwakabaka era bagezeeko okufuga ebirombe by'abwo ebya zaabu n'enguudo awayitira amasanga. Obulumbaganyi buno bwagwa butaka Abapotigo bwe baalumbibwa endwadde nga bayita ku mugga Zambezi.<ref name="Mutapa">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1600 enkaayana ez'omunda n'olutalo lw'omunda byatandika okukendeera kwa Mutapa. Obwakabaka obwali bunafuye bwawangulwa Abapotigo era oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera bwatwalibwa amawanga ga Shona bwe baali bawalangana.<ref name="Mutapa2">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Abapotigo nabo baalina ettaka ddene, eryali limanyiddwa nga Prazos, era baakozesanga abaddu n'abaali abaddu ng'abakuumi n'abayizzi. Baatendekanga abasajja mu bukodyo bw'amagye era ne babawa emmundu. Abasajja bano baafuuka abayizzi b'enjovu abakugu era baali bamanyiddwa nga ba Chikunda. Oluvannyuma lw'okukendeera kw'Abapotigo, Chikunda baasobola okwesolossa munda mu Zambia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2019 |title=Chikunda |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227184451/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |archive-date=27 February 2021 |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Portugal okubeera mu kitundu ekyo kyali nsonga lwaki obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwatandikibwawo, eggwanga eryali lyetongodde ku Mutapa. Omukulembeze w'obwakabaka bwa Rozvi, Changamire Dombo, yafuuka omu ku bakulembeze abasingayo amaanyi mu byafaayo bya South-Central Africa. Wansi w'obukulembeze bwe, obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwawangula Abapotigo ne babaggya mu bifo mwe baali bakolera bizineesi ku mugga Zambezi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rozwi {{!}} historical state, Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125203243/https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |archive-date=25 January 2021 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Naye oboolyawo ekyokulabirako ekisinga okumanyibwa mu kino okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti kwe kweyongera kw’Abazulu wansi w’obukulembeze bwa Shaka. Okupikirizibwa okuva eri Abangereza abafuzi b’amatwale mu Cape ne okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti mu Bazulu kyavaako Mfecane (okunyigirizibwa). Abazulu beeyongera nga bayingiza abakazi n’abaana b’ebika bye baawangula, singa abasajja b’ebika bino ebya Nguni baawona okuttibwa, baakozesa obukodyo bw’amagye obw’Abazulu okulumba ebibinja ebirala.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Kino kyaviirako abantu bangi okusenguka, entalo n'obulumbaganyi mu Bukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati ne mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika nga ab'ekika kya Nguni oba Ngoni nga bakulembeddwamu Zwagendaba baasomoka omugga Zambezi nga batambulira mu Bukiikakkono. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni be baakuba ekibuga Maravi Empire ekyali kinafuye. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni abasinga obungi baasenga mu kitundu ekyali Zambia, [[Malawi]], [[Mozambique]] ne [[Tanzania]] era ne beegatta ku bika ebyali mu kitundu ekyo.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history2">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Zambia, ekibinja ekirala eky’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Afirika eky’Abasotho-Tswana abava mu Luba ne Lunda ezaagwa edda abayitibwa Abaluyana baawamba Kololo ne bamussaako olulimi Olukololo okutuusa Abaluyana lwe beekalakaasa ne baggyako Kololo mu kiseera kino olulimi Olukololo lwali lwerabiddwa era olulimi olupya olugattiddwa lwe lwavaamu, SiLozi era Abaluyana baatandika okweyita Abalozi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lozi {{!}} people |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528092724/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |archive-date=28 May 2023 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kya 18, Abamu ku Mbunda baasengukira mu Barotseland, Mongu oluvannyuma lw'okusenguka kw'abantu abalala, nga muno mwe muli, Ciyengele.<ref>'' The elites of Barotseland, 1878–1969: a political history of Zambia's Western Province'': a. Gerald L. Caplan, C. Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd, 1970, {{ISBN|0-900966-38-6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=maniacky |first=jacky |title=bantu zone K |url=http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140411045127/http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-date=2014-04-11 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.bantu-languages.com}}</ref> '''Ekiseera ky'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' '''Abazungu''' Omu ku Bulaaya abaasooka okuwandiikibwa nga baakyalako mu kitundu kino yali omuvumbuzi Omupotigo Francisco de Lacerda ku nkomerero y'ekyasa ekya 18. Lacerda yakulemberamu ekibinja ky'abavumbuzi okuva e Mozambique okutuuka mu kitundu ky'e Kazembe mu Zambia (nga balina ekiruubirirwa eky'okuvumbula n'okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa okuva ku lubalama lw'ennyanja okutuuka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja omulundi ogusooka),<ref>{{cite web |year=1798 |title=Instructions and Travel Diary that Governor Francisco Joze de Lacerda e Almeida Wrote about His Travel to the Center of Africa, Going to the River of Sena, in the Year of 1798 |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905135844/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |archive-date=5 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Library of Congress}}</ref> era n'afa mu kiseera ky'olugendo mu 1798. Olugendo luno okuva olwo lwakulemberwamu mukwano gwe Francisco Pinto.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hartnett |first=Craig |title=Portuguese Expedition to Northern Rhodesia, 1798–99 |url=http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924023553/http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Great North Road (GNR, Northern Rhodesia, Zambia) |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ekitundu kino, ekisangibwa wakati wa Mozambique ne [[Angola]], kyali kigambibwa nti kyali kya Bupotugo mu kiseera ekyo. Abalala abava mu Bulaaya baagoberera mu kyasa 19. Eyasinga okumanyika mu bano yali David Livingstone, eyalina okwolesebwa okw'okukomya okusuubula abaddu ng'ayita mu "3Cs": Obukristaayo, Ebyobusuubuzi, n'Obuwangwa. Ye Muzungu eyasooka okulaba ebisulo by'amazzi ebyewuunyisa ku Mugga Zambezi mu 1855, n'abyogerako bw'ati: "Ebifo ebirabika obulungi bityo biteekwa okuba nga byatunuulirwa bamalayika mu kudduka kwabwe".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Livingstone Discovers Victoria Falls, 1855 |url=http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522092057/http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |archive-date=22 May 2020 |access-date=28 May 2020 |website=EyeWitness to History}}</ref> Mu kitundu kino ebiyiriro bimanyiddwa nga "Mosi-o-Tunya" oba "omukka ogubwatuka" mu lulimi Lozi oba Kololo. Ekibuga Livingstone, okumpi n'ebiyiriro, kiyitibwa erinnya lye. Emboozi ezikwata ku ŋŋendo ze zaali zimanyiddwa nnyo ne kiviirako abagenyi bangi okuva mu Bulaaya, abaminsani, n'abasuubuzi oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwe mu 1873.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627015544/https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-date=27 June 2020 |website=The Provincial Administration Website}}</ref> '''Kampuni ya British South Africa Company''' Mu 1888, kampuni ya British South Africa Company (BSA Company), eyakulemberwa Cecil Rhodes, yafuna olukusa okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka okuva ku Litunga ow'abantu ba Lozi, omukulu w'essaza ly'abantu ba Lozi (Ba-rotse) mu kitundu ekyafuuka Barotziland-North-Western Rhodesia.<ref name="livingstone">{{cite web |author=Livingstone Tourism Association |title=Destination:Zambia&nbsp;– History and Culture |url=http://www.livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012153527/http://livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> Ebuvanjuba, mu Gwekkumineebiri 1897 ekibinja ky’Abangoni oba Abangoni (abaasibuka mu Zululand) beekalakaasa nga bakulemberwa Tsinco, mutabani wa Kabaka Mpezeni, naye obujeemu bwakomezebwawo,<ref name="unam">{{cite web |author1=Human Rights |author2=Documentation Centre |name-list-style=amp |title=Zambia: Historical Background |url=http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311093653/http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-date=11 March 2007 |access-date=14 January 2011}}</ref> era Mpezeni n’akkiriza Pax Britannica. Ekitundu ky’eggwanga ekyo kyatandika okumanyibwa nga Rhodesia ey'omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba. Mu 1895, Rhodes yasaba omusikawutu wa Omumerika Frederick Russell Burnham okunoonya eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka n’engeri y’okulongoosaamu entambula y’emigga mu kitundu ekyo, era mu lugendo luno mwe mwazuulibwa Frederick Russell Burnham eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka bingi ku mugga Kafue.<ref name="burnham1899">{{cite book |last=Burnham |first=Frederick Russell |author-link=Frederick Russell Burnham |year=1899 |title=Bulawayo Up-to-date; Being a General Sketch of Rhodesia |title-link=s:Northern Rhodesia |publisher=Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co. |editor-last=Wills |editor-first=Walter H. |pages=177–180 |chapter=Northern Rhodesia}}</ref> '''Obufuzi bw'amatwale ga Bungereza''' Mu 1953, okutondebwawo kwa Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland z'agatta wamu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono ne Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo, ne Nyasaland (kati Malawi) ng’ekitundu kimu ekyetongodde. Kino kyakolebwa wadde nga waaliwo okuwakanyizibwa okuva mu bantu abatono, abaakola okwekalakaasa okwaliwo mu 1960–61.<ref name="infoplease">{{cite web |author=Pearson Education |title=Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Federation of |url=http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012231959/http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> '''Obwetwaaze''' Omukago gwasaanyizibwawo nga 31 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, era mu Gwoluberyeberye 1964, Kaunda yawangula akalulu k'Obwaminisita bwa Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono. Gavana w'amatwale, Sir Evelyn Hone, yali mukwano nnyo gwa Kaunda era yamukubiriza okwesimbawo ku kifo ekyo. Mangu ddala oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, waaliwo okwekalakaasa mu Bukiikakkono bw'eggwanga eryo eryali limanyiddwa nga Lumpa Uprising nga lyali liduumirwa Alice Lenshina – Kaunda's first internal conflict as leader of the nation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2020 |title=Alice Lenshina |url=https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228081501/https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |archive-date=28 February 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=The British Empire}}</ref> Rhodesia yafuuka Republic of Zambia nga 24 Ogwekkumi 1964, nga Kenneth Kaunda ye pulezidenti eyasooka. Ku kufuna obwetwaze, wadde nga yalina ebyobugagga eby'omu ttaka ebingi, Zambia yasanga okusoomoozebwa okw'amaanyi. Munda mu ggwanga, waaliwo Abazambia abatendeke era abayivu abasukka mu 70,000 abaali basobola okuddukanya gavumenti, era ebyenfuna byali byesigamye nnyo ku bakugu okuva mu mawanga amalala. Obukugu buno bwaweebwa mu ngeri emu oba endala omubaka wa Bungereza mu Zambia John Willson.<ref>[http://www.chu.cam.ac.uk/archives/collections/BDOHP/Willson.pdf WILLSON, John Michael (born 15 July 1931)]{{Dead link|date=June 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}. BDOHP Biographical Details and Interview Index. chu.cam.ac.uk</ref> Waaliwo Abazungu abasukka mu 70,000 ababeera mu Zambia mu 1964, era baasigala nga ba mugaso nnyo mu byenfuna.<ref name="Zambia">{{Cite news|date=1964-10-25|title=1964: President Kaunda takes power in Zambia|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605125604/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-date=5 June 2013|access-date=2025-09-13|url-status=live|language=en-GB}}</ref> Kaunda okuwagira abayeekera ba Patriotic Front abaali bakola obulumbaganyi mu mawanga ag'omuliraano (Bukiikaddyo) Rhodesia kyaleetawo obunkenke mu by'obufuzi era ne kireetawo okukozesa amagye ku nsalo, era kino kyaviirako ensalo okuggalwa mu 1973.<ref name="blackfire">{{cite book |last=Raeburn |first=Michael |year=1978 |title=We are everywhere: Narratives from Rhodesian guerillas |url=https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-0-394-50530-5 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 1–209]}}</ref>Ebbibiro ly'amasannyalaze erya Kariba ku mugga Zambezi lyawa amasannyalaze agamala okukola ku byetaago by'eggwanga eby'amasannyalaze, wadde nga Rhodesia ye yali ekola ku by'amasannyalaze. Nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1978, ennyonyi ey'abantu ba bulijjo, Air Rhodesia Flight 825, yakubibwa amasasi okumpi ne Kariba abayeekera ba Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) abaakulemberwa Joshua Nkomo. Rhodesia yaddamu n'ekikwekweto kya Gatling, okulumba enkambi endala mu Zambia nga bakozesa amaanyi g'ennyonyi n'abajaasi abakugu mu kubuuka mu bbanga n'abajaasi abakugu mu kukozesa ennyonyi.<ref>{{cite web |title=GREEN LEADER. OPERATION GATLING, THE RHODESIAN MILITARY'S RESPONSE TO THE VISCOUNT TRAGEDY |url=http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125155440/http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-date=25 January 2017 |access-date=22 April 2017}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1970, Mozambique ne Angola zaali zifunye obwetwaze okuva ku Portugal. Gavumenti ya Rhodesia eyali esingamu abazungu, eyafulumya Ekirangiriro ky’Obwetwaze mu 1965, yakkiriza obufuzi obw’abantu abangi wansi w’Endagaano ya Lancaster House mu 1979.<ref name="zimstudy">{{cite book |last=Nelson |first=Harold |year=1983 |title=Zimbabwe: A Country Study |publisher=Claitors Publishing Division |isbn=978-0-16-001598-4 |pages=54–137}}</ref> Obukuubagano mu bitundu byombi ebyali bifugibwa Abapotigo n'olutalo lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwa [[Namibia]] byaviirako okuyingira kw'abanoonyi b'obubudamuera ne kyongera ku buzibu bw'ebyentambula. Oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Benguela, olwayita mu [[Angola]], lwaggalwawo ddala eri ebyentambula bya Zambia mu myaka gya 1970 egyali gisembayo. Zambia okuwagira ebibiina ebirwanyisa obusosoze mu mawanga nga African National Congress (ANC) era kyaleetawo obuzibu bw'ebyokwerinda ng'amagye ga South Africa Defence Force galumba ebifo ebitali bimu mu lutalo lw'okulwanyisa obwetwaze bwa Namibia.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Evans, M. |year=1984 |title=The Front-Line States, South Africa and Southern African Security: Military Prospects and Perspectives |url=http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/Journal%20of%20the%20University%20of%20Zimbabwe/vol12n1/juz012001002.pdf |journal=Zambezia |volume=12 |page=1}}</ref> '''Ebizibu by'ebyenfuna''' Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1970, omuwendo gwa kkopa, ekyamaguzi ekikulu ekiva mu Zambia, gwasereba nnyo mu nsi yonna. Mu mbeera ya Zambia, obungi bw'okutambuza kkopa eŋŋendo empanvu okutuuka mu katale kyali kizibu kinene. Zambia yasaba obuyambi okuva mu mawanga ag'ebweru n'ag'ensi yonna, naye, nga bbeeyi ya kkopa esigadde nga yasereba, kyeyongera okubeera ekizibu okusasula amabanja gaayo agaali geeyongera. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1990, wadde nga tewaaliwo kusonyiyibwa mabanja, ebbeyi ya kkopa eyali eva mu Zambia yali emu ku bintu ebyali bisinga okuba eby'ebbeeyi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia (12/08) |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625080205/https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |archive-date=25 June 2020 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> '''Okukola ku nsonga z'abantu''' Mu Gwomukaaga 1990, obwegugungo obwali buwakanya Kaunda bwatandika era abeekalakaasi bangi battibwa gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2020 |title=About Zambia |url=http://www.psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509233410/http://psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-date=9 May 2016 |access-date=20 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bartlett |first=David M. C. |date=2000 |title=Civil Society and Democracy: A Zambian Case Study |journal=Journal of Southern African Studies |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=429–446 |doi=10.1080/030570700750019655 |issn=0305-7070 |jstor=2637411 |s2cid=143480603}}</ref>Mu 1990, Kaunda yawona okulumbibwa amagye, era mu 1991, yakkiriza okuzzaawo enfuga ey'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, oluvannyuma lw'okussaawo enfuga ey'ekibiina ekimu wansi w'akakiiko ka Choma aka 1972. Oluvannyuma lw'okulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, Kaunda yaggyibwa mu woofiisi oluvannyuma lw'okuwangulwa mu kulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi Frederick Chiluba. Mu myaka gya 2000, ebyenfuna byanywerera, ne bituuka ku kweyongera kw'ebbeeyi y'ebintu mu 2006–2007, okweyongera kw'ebyenfuna, okukendeera kw'amagoba, n'okweyongera kw'omutindo gw'ebyobusuubuzi. Bingi ku kukulaakulana kuno kuvudde ku kusiga ensimbi okuva ebweru mu by'okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka n'okweyongera kw'emiwendo gy'ekikomo mu nsi yonna. Bino byonna byaleetera Zambia okusikirizibwa ennyo abagabi b'obuyambi era ne kireetera abasiga nsimbi okwongera okwesiga eggwanga lino. == Ebyobufuzi == Ebyobufuzi mu Zambia bitambulira mu nkola ey'omukulembeze w'eggwanga omukiise mu demokulasiya ow'eggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo, omukulembeze wa Zambia y'akulira eggwanga era akulira gavumenti mu ggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo. Gavumenti ekozesa obuyinza obw'okuteeka mu nkola, ate obuyinza obw'okukola amateeka buweebwa gavumenti ne paalamenti. Zambia yafuuka repubuliki oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu Gwekkumi 1964. Okuva mu 2011 okutuuka mu 2014, pulezidenti wa Zambia yali Michael Sata, okutuusa Sata lwe yafa nga 28 Ogwekkumi 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zambian President Michael Sata dies in London - BBC News|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705073526/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-date=2017-07-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=BBC News|language=en-GB}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Sata, omumyuka wa pulezidenti Guy Scott, Omuzambia ow'ensibuko y'Abasikawutu, yafuuka omukungu akola nga pulezidenti. Okulonda kwa pulezidenti kwaliwo nga 22 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015. Omugatte gw’abantu 11 abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti be beesimbawo mu kulonda era nga 24 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015, kyalangirirwa nti Edgar Chagwa Lungu yali awangudde okulonda okufuuka pulezidenti ow’omukaaga. Yawangula ebitundu 48.33% eby’obululu, ng’obululu 1.66% bwali bumusinga ku munnabyabufuzi akyasinze okuvuganya gavumenti, Hakainde Hichilema, eyafuna ebitundu 46.67%.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Defence Minister Lungu wins Zambia's disputed presidential race|url=http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305065726/http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-date=2016-03-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=Yahoo News|language=en-US}}</ref>Abantu abalala mwenda abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti baafuna obululu obutaweza na bitundu 1% ku bululu bwonna. Mu kulonda pkwaliwo mu Gwomunaana 2016 Zambian general election pulezidenti Edgar Lungu yawangula okulonda okw’omulundi ogw’okubiri. Omukago ogutaba ebibiina by’ebyobufuzi ogwa Patriotic Front (PF) gwagaana ebyali byogerwa ab’oludda oluvuganya gavumenti, UPND party.<ref name="bbc-15aug2016">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|title=Zambia's President Edgar Lungu declared election winner|work=BBC News|date=15 August 2016|access-date=17 May 2021|archive-date=26 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026223033/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021, okwalimu abalonzi 70% ku abo abaali basuubirwa, Hakainde Hichilema yawangula ebitundu 59% eby’obululu, ng’omuvuganya we eyali asingayo okuba ow’amaanyi, Edgar Chagwa Lungu, eyali pulezidenti mu kiseera ekyo, yafuna ebitundu 39% eby’obululu.<ref name="zm-elec-39">{{Cite news|url=https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm|title=Presidential Election Results|work=Electoral Commission of Zambia|date=16 August 2021|access-date=27 December 2021|archive-date=2 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102194510/https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm/}}</ref> Nga 16 Ogwomunaana Edgar Lungu yakkiriza mu kiwandiiko kye yafulumya ku ttivi, ng’aweereza ebbaluwa era ng’ayozayoza pulezidenti omulonde Hakainde Hichilema.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-08-16|title=Zambia election: Hakainde Hichilema beats President Edgar Lungu|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|access-date=2021-08-16|archive-date=24 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824152003/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|last=Kabwe|first=Zitto|author-link=Zitto Kabwe|user=zittokabwe|number=1426967254986629126|date=15 August 2021|title=#Zambia President @EdgarCLungu has conceded in a letter sent to now president elect @HHichilema of @UPNDZM. Once again Zambia has shown the world the level of its democratic maturity. Peaceful transfer of power is happening for third time in history. Congratulations Zambians|language=en|access-date=30 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827180204/https://twitter.com/zittokabwe/status/1426967254986629126|archive-date=27 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomunaana 2021, Hakainde Hichilema yalayizibwa nga pulezidenti wa Zambia omuggya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2021 |title=Zambia's Hakainde Hichilema sworn in as President in rare victory for an African opposition leader |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116213703/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |archive-date=16 November 2021 |access-date=16 November 2021}}</ref> '''Amaggye''' Mu 2019, Zambia yassa omukono ku ndagaano ya UN ekwata ku Kuziyiza eby'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa ebya Nukiriya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2017 |title=Chapter XXVI: Disarmament&nbsp;– No. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806220546/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |archive-date=6 August 2019 |access-date=18 October 2019 |publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection}}</ref> '''Amateeka n'eddembe ly'obuntu''' Gavumenti evunaanye abavumirira nga bakozesa ebigambo by'amateeka nti baali bawabya abantu. Amateeka agakwata ku kuwandiika ebintu ebikyamu gakozesebwa okukugira eddembe ly'okwogera ne bannamawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2015 |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225030706/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-date=2021-02-25 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=2009-2017.state.gov}}</ref> Ebikolwa eby'okweganza wakati w'abantu ab'ekikula ekimu kimenya mateeka eri abasajja n'abakazi mu Zambia.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 May 2016 |title=State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition |url=http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902183618/http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |archive-date=2 September 2017 |access-date=29 July 2017 |website=[[International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Daniel|last=Avery|title=71 Countries Where Homosexuality is Illegal|url=https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|work=Newsweek|date=4 April 2019|access-date=18 August 2019|archive-date=11 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211204842/https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|url-status=live}}</ref> Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu 2010 kwalaga nti ebitundu 2% ebya Bannansi ba Zambia bakitwala nti okulya ebisiyaga tekirina buzibu bwonna ku mpisa.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Meyer |first1=Birgit |date=2021 |title=What Is Religion in Africa? Relational Dynamics in an Entangled World |journal=Journal of Religion in Africa |publisher=Brill |volume=50 |issue=1–2 |pages=156–181 |doi=10.1163/15700666-12340184 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2019, kyategeezebwa nti Omubaka wa Amerika mu Zambia Daniel Lewis Foote "yakwatibwa ensisi" olw'engeri Zambia gy'ekuumamu abalyi b'ebisiyaga mu makomera. Oluvannyuma lw'okujulira ne kulema era nga n'abafumbo bano Japhet Chataba ne Steven Samba baasalirwa ekibonerezo kya kusibibwa emyaka 15 mu makomera, Foote yasaba gavumenti ya Zambia okuddamu okwekenneenya omusango guno n'amateeka ga Zambia agalwanyisa ebisiyaga. Foote yafuna obuzibu era n'asazaamu okujja mu bantu oluvannyuma lw'okutiisibwatiisibwa ku mikutu gya yintaneeti, era oluvannyuma lw'okulangirirwa Lungu nti y'omuntu ataagalwa mu ggwanga eryo.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 December 2019 |title=US recalls ambassador to Zambia after gay rights row |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231195603/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |archive-date=31 December 2019 |access-date=12 January 2020 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 2026, gavumenti ya Zambia yavumirirwa olw'okwongezaayo olukiiko olw'amaanyi olw'ensi yonna olw'eddembe ly'obuntu, RightsCon, ennaku musanvu zokka nga tezinnatuuka okubeerawo mu Lusaka. Olukiiko olwo oluvannyuma lwasazibwamu oluvannyuma lw'okumanya nti gavumenti ya Zambia yali esaba, kirabika nga kya kusaba kw'abakungu ba China, okulungamya n'okuggyako aboogezi okuva e Taiwan. Abakugu baayogedde ku kweraliikirira olw'okulondoola n'okweyongera kw'obulabe eri ebitongole by'obwanakyewa.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gault ·|first1=Matthew|title=World's Largest Digital Human Rights Conference Suddenly Canceled|url=https://www.404media.co/rightscon-human-rights-conference-suddenly-postponed/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=404 Media|date=29 April 2026|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Elliott|first1=Vittoria|title=The Chinese Government Just Got the World's Largest Digital Rights Conference Canceled|url=https://www.wired.com/story/the-chinese-government-pressured-zambia-to-cancel-the-worlds-largest-digital-rights-conference/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Wired|date=1 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hendrix|first1=Justin|title=RightsCon Canceled After Zambia Requires 'Full Alignment' With 'National Values'|url=https://www.techpolicy.press/rightscon-canceled-after-zambia-requires-full-alignment-with-national-values/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Tech Policy Press|date=30 April 2026|language=en}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo by'abantu''' Okusinziira ku kubala abantu okwa 2022 mu Zambia, omuwendo gw'abantu mu Zambia gwali 19,610,769.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia's Population up to 19,610,769 in 2022 from 13,092,666 in 2010 – Zambia Statistics Agency |url=https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305022051/https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |archive-date=5 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ebibinja by'abantu ebisinga obunene mu Zambia beebo abayitibwa Bemba obukadde 3.3 (33.6%), Nyanja obukadde 1.8 (18.2%), Tonga obukadde 1.7 (16.8%), Abantu ab’omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba 1,000,000 (10.3%), Abalozii (Barotse) 770,000 (7.8%), Abamabwe 580,000 (5.9%), Abatumbuka 500,000 (5.1%), Abalamba 165,000 (2%), Abayindi 11,900 n’Abazungu 6,200.<ref>{{cite journal |date=2 November 2023 |title=Zambia |url=https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909114747/https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |archive-date=9 September 2023 |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=minorityrights.org}}</ref> Zambia y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubeeramu abantu mu bibuga mu Afirika eri wansi wa Sahara, ng'ebitundu 44% eby'abantu babeera mu bitundu ebisinga okubeeramu entambula, so ng'ate ebyalo birimu abantu batono nnyo. Omuwendo gw'abaana abazaalibwa gwali 6.2 mu 2007 (6.1 mu 1996, 5.9 mu 2001–02).<ref>{{cite web |title=Welcome to the Official site of Zambian Statistics |url=http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113144454/http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-date=13 November 2014 |access-date=11 April 2014 |publisher=Zamstats.gov.zm}}</ref> '''Ebibuga ebisinga obunene''' Okutandika kw'okuyiikuula ekikomo mu makolero ku Copperbelt mu myaka gya 1920 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga. Wadde ng'okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga kwali kuteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, kyali kinene nnyo.[1] Ebibuga ebikolebwamu eby'obugagga ku Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali eteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, yali nnene nnyo.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Potts |first=Deborah |date=2005 |title=Counter-urbanisation on the Zambian Copperbelt? Interpretations and implications |journal=Urban Studies |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=583–609 |bibcode=2005UrbSt..42..583P |doi=10.1080/00420980500060137 |s2cid=154412136}}</ref> Ebibuga ebirimu ebirombe bya Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali y'etoloolera ku gaali z'omukka n'enguudo okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwe bironbe bya kkoppa okuyita mu Kapiri Mposhi, Lusaka, Choma ne Livingstone. '''Ebibinja by'abantu''' Zambia elimu ebika nga 73,<ref name="BritannicaPeople">{{Cite web |title=Zambia – People |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambia/People |access-date=1 October 2024 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref><ref name="epr">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> wadde mu nkola waliwo ebibinja ebitono ebirabika obulungi.[2] Abazambia abasinga boogera Olubantu.<ref name="epr2">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ebibinja ebisinga obunene mu lulimi bye Bemba, Nyanja (era ekiyitibwa Chewa), ne Tonga; ebibinja ebirala ebitali binene nnyo bye Kaonde, Lozi, Luanda, ne Luvale.[2]<ref name="epr" /> Mu 2010, omuwendo gw'abantu gwateeberezebwa okuba ebitundu 21% Bemba, ebitundu 13.6% Tonga, ebitundu 7.4% Chewa, ebitundu 5.7% Lozi, ebitundu 5.3% Nsenga, ebitundu 4.4% Tumbuka, ebitundu 4.0% Ngoni, ne 38.6% abalala.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Bemba kye kisinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkono, Luapula, ne Copperbelt; ekibinja kya Tonga mu bitundu by'Obukiikaddyo, n'eby'Obugwanjuba; n'ekibinja kya Lozi mu bitundu by'Obugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Tumbuka ekitono ennyo kisangibwa mu kiwonvu kya Luangwa mu Buvanjuba.[2] Tewali kibinja ky'abantu aboogera olulimi olumu abasinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ebitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba tebirimu bantu bangi nnyo.<ref name="epr3">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ng’oggyeko olulimi, obuwangwa bukulu mu Zambia.<ref name="epr3" />Obuwangwa buno batera okubukwataganya n’obwesigwa bw’amaka oba n’ab’obuyinza eb'ennono. Obuwangwa buno busengekeddwa mu bibinja by’ennimi ebikulu.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Posner |first=Daniel N. |date=2005-06-06 |title=Institutions and Ethnic Politics in Africa |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-83398-1 |language=en |doi=10.1017/CBO9780511808661 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083432/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |archive-date=2023-03-21}}</ref> Abagwiira, okusingira ddala Abangereza oba Aba South Afrika, wamu n'abamu ku bannansi ba Zambia abeeru Abazungu abava mu Bungereza, babeera nnyo mu Lusaka ne mu Copperbelt mu Bukiikakkono bwa Zambia, gye baba nga bakola mu birombe, mu by'ensimbi n'emirimu emirala egifaananako bwe gityo oba nga bawummudde. Waaliwo Abazungu 70,000 mu Zambia mu 1964, naye bangi okuva olwo bavudde mu ggwanga.<ref name="Zambia" /> Zambia erina abantu abatono naye nga balina omugaso mu byenfuna abava mu Asia, abasinga obungi ku bo Buhindi ne Bachina. Ekibinja kino eky’abantu abatono ky'ekikyasinze okufuga eby’enfuna nga kye kikola ku by’okutunda ebintu. Kiteeberezebwa nti Abachina nga 80,000 be baali babeera mu Zambia mu 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ZAMBIA: Zambians wary of |url=http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910230935/http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-date=2011-09-10 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=IRINnews}}</ref> Mu myaka egiyise, ebikumi n’ebikumi by’abalimi abazungu abaali bagobeddwa mu Zimbabwe baasengukira e Zambia oluvannyuma lw’okuyitibwa gavumenti ya Zambia, okutandika okulima mu matwae g'omu Bukiikaddyo.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zim's Loss, Zam's gain: White Zimbabweans making good in Zambia|date=June 2004|newspaper=The Economist|access-date=28 August 2009|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110215085211/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-date=15 February 2011}}</ref><ref name="Spiegel">{{Cite news|title=Settling in Zambia: Zimbabwe's Displaced Farmers Find a New Home|last=Thielke|first=Thilo|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|date=27 December 2004|access-date=28 August 2009|periodical=[[Der Spiegel]]|archive-date=19 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619050250/http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza okwalebwa ku banoonyi b'obubuddamu mu 2009 ekyakubibwa akakiikio ka America akavunanyizibwa ku banoonyi b'obubudamu n'abagwiira eka U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, Zambia yalina omuwendo gw’abanoonyi b’obubudamu n’abanoonya obubudamu nga bali 88,900. Abanoonyi b’obubudamu abasinga obungi mu ggwanga baava mu Democratic Republic of the Congo (ababundabunda 47,300 okuva mu DRC ng'ababeera mu Zambia mu 2007), Angola (27,100 Bannangola Zambia), Zimbabwe (5,400) ne Rwanda (4,900).<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009">{{cite news|title=World Refugee Survey 2009|publisher=U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants|url=http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211175633/http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-date=11 December 2013}}</ref> Bannansi ba Zambia okutwaliza awamu baaniriza abagwira. Okutandika mu Gwokutaano 2008, omuwendo gw'Abazimbabwe mu Zambia gwatandika okulinnya ennyo; okuyingira kwali kusinga kw'Abazimbabwe abaali babeera mu South Africa abaali badduka obutabanguko obwali mu ggwanga eryo.<ref name="IRIN">{{Cite news|title=Zambia: Rising levels of resentment towards Zimbabweans|date=9 June 2008|access-date=7 August 2023|periodical=[[The New Humanitarian|IRIN News]]|url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2008/06/09/rising-levels-resentment-towards-zimbabweans|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930005909/http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=78648|archive-date=2009-09-30}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Kumpi abanoonyi b'obubudamo 60,000 babeera mu nkambi mu Zambia, ate 50,000 babeera mu bantu ba bulijjo. Abanoonyi b'obubudamo abaagala okukola mu Zambia balina okusaba olukusa saako n'ebiwandiiko ebikukkiriza okukola nga bino biyinza okutwala ddoola 500 buli mwaka.<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009" /> '''Eddiini''' Zambia mu butongole "eggwanga ery'Ekiikuristaayo" wansi wa Ssemateeka w'eggwanga owa 1996, naye essa ekitiibwa mu kukuuma eddembe ly'eddiini n'okusinza.<ref>{{cite web |date=30 June 2008 |title=Constitution of Zambia, 1991(Amended to 1996) |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105055544/http://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |archive-date=5 November 2012 |access-date=18 December 2012 |publisher=Scribd.com}}</ref> Zambia lye ggwanga lyokka mu Afirika erirangirira Obukristaayo ng'eddiini y'eggwanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Haynes |first=N. |date=2021 |title=Taking Dominion in a Christian Nation: North American Political Theology in an African Context |journal=Pneuma |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=214–232 |doi=10.1163/15700747-bja10036 |hdl=20.500.11820/48b556a6-cf81-4058-bf5b-894934a35ca0 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ekitongole kya Zambia ekivunaanyizibwa ku kubala abantu ekya Zambia Statistics Agency mu 2022 kyabalirira nti 98.0% ku Bannazambia Bakristaayo, nga 74.5% Bapulotesitanti, 17.9% Bakatoliki ate 5.6% Bajulirwa ba Yakuwa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2025-07-24 |title=RELIGIOUS LANDSCAPE OF ZAMBIA: AN ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF THE 2022 CENSUS FINDINGS |url=https://www.amulufeblog.com/2025/07/religious-landscape-of-zambia.html |access-date=2026-02-12 |website=Amulufeblog |language=en}}</ref> Enzikiriza z'ekikulisitaayo mu Zambia mulimu Apolotesitante, Abavangelika saako n'Abapentecoote.<ref name=":1" /> Obukristaayo bwatuuka mu Zambia okuyita mu bufuzi bw'amatwale obw'Abazungu, era enjawulo yaakyo ey'ebibiina eby'enjawulo eraga enkyukakyuka mu nkola y'obuminsani; okugeza, Obukatoliki bwava mu Mozambique ey'Abaportugalezi mu Buvanjuba, so ng'Obulokole bwava mu Bungereza mu Bukiikaddyo. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu 1964, Zambia yalaba okweyongera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibiina by'obuminsani ebirala okuva mu bitundu by'ensi ebitali bimu, naddala Amerika ey'Obukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. Mu byasa ebyaddirira, emirimu gy'obuminsani egy'Abazungu egyaddira abakkiriza ab'omu kitundu (okuggyako ebifo ebimu eby'obuminsani, gamba ng'abasawo). Oluvannyuma lwa Frederick Chiluba, Omukulisitaayo Omukristaayo, okufuuka pulezidenti mu 1991, ebibiina by'obuminsani eby'Abazungu byeyongera nnyo okwetooloola Zambia okuva mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu 1964, Zambia yalaba okweyongera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibiina by'obuminsani eby'Abazungu okuva mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani.<ref name="pentecostal">{{cite book |last=Steel |first=Matthew |year=2005 |title=Pentecostalism in Zambia: Power, Authority and the Overcomers |publisher=University of Wales |id=MSc Dissertation}}</ref> Eddiini z'Ekikristaayo ezimu ezirina abagoberezi batono mu nsi yonna zimanyiddwa nnyo mu Zambia. Eggwanga lino lirina abantu abawerako ab'enzikiriza y'eki Adiventi nga mu bibala ku Bazambia 18 osangamu 1 omu Adiventi.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 October 2012 |title=Zambia Union Conference&nbsp;– Adventist Directory |url=http://www.adventistdirectory.org/ViewAdmField.aspx?AdmFieldID=ZAUM |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427045842/https://www.adventistdirectory.org/ViewAdmField.aspx?AdmFieldID=ZAUM |archive-date=27 April 2023 |access-date=18 December 2012 |publisher=Adventistdirectory.org}}</ref> Ekkanisa y'Abalokole eya Central Africa erimu abagoberezi abasukka mu 11,000 mu ggwanga.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lutheran Church of Central Africa: Zambia |url=http://www.celc.info/site/cpage.asp?sec_id=180010197&cpage_id=180031341 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131193035/http://www.celc.info/site/cpage.asp?sec_id=180010197&cpage_id=180031341 |archive-date=31 January 2017 |publisher=Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference}}</ref> Abantu abasukka mu bitundu 12 ku buli kikumi mu Zambia basabira mu Kkanisa ya New Apostostoc Church.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hayashida |first=Nelson Osamu |date=1999 |title=Dreams in the African Literature: The Significance of Dreams and Visions Among Zambian Baptists |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CkNC6-Wmga4C&q=One+in+11+Zambians+is+a+member+of+the+New+Apostolic+Church&pg=PA36 |publisher=Rodopi |isbn=978-90-420-0596-9 |language=en |access-date=3 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518182155/https://books.google.com/books?id=CkNC6-Wmga4C&q=One+in+11+Zambians+is+a+member+of+the+New+Apostolic+Church&pg=PA36#v=snippet&q=One%20in%2011%20Zambians%20is%20a%20member%20of%20the%20New%20Apostolic%20Church&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nga balina abagoberezi abasukka mu kakadde kamu mu emitwalo abiri, eggwanga lirimu ekibiina ky'Abaseveniside ekisinga obunene mu Afirika, okuva ku bantu abasukka mu bukadde mwenda mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Membership figures of the global Church as at the end of 2009: New Apostolic Church International (NAC) |url=http://www.nak.org/news/naci-news/article/16710/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626032545/http://www.nak.org/news/naci-news/article/16710/ |archive-date=26 June 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.nak.org}}</ref> Abantu nga 2.7% ku Bannazambia Basiraamu, abasinga obungi nga Basunni n’abalala abatonotono nga Abaismaili ne Twelver Shia.<ref name="2023RIRF">{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2023-report-on-international-religious-freedom/zambia/ |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=United States Department of State |language=en-US}}</ref> Abasiraamu abali mu Zambia, abalina okubalibwa okw’omulundi ogumu nga 100,000 okusinziira ku kuteebereza okumu okwakolebwa, bazingiramu abanoonyi b’obubudamu okuva e Congo ne [[Somalia]], awamu n’abagwiira okuva mu South Asia ne mu ddungu ly'ebuwalabu abafuuse Bannazambia.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> Abahindu, abasinga obungi nga ba South Asian ancestry, baali nga 10,000 okusinziira ku kuteebereza okumu okwakolebwa, mu 2019.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> Ku ntikko y'akyo mu myaka gya 1960, Abayudaaya abaali mu Zambia abaali bawerera ddala 10,000 ng'abasinga baali basibuka mu Lithuania, Latvia ne Bugirimaani,<ref>{{cite web |last=Tutton |first=Mark |date=19 January 2012 |title=The forgotten story of Zambia's Jewish settlers |url=https://www.cnn.com/2012/01/19/world/africa/zambia-jewish-history/index.html |access-date=17 February 2025 |work=CNN}}</ref>okuva mu 2012 baali batono ddala okusinga Abazambia Abayudaaya ng'abasinga ku bbo baali bawangalira mu Lusaka mu matwale g'Obukiikakkono. Mu Zambia mulimu abantu batono ab'enzikiriza ya Baha ne Buddhists saako ne Sikhs.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> '''Ennimi''' Omuwendo omutuufu ogw'ennimi za Zambia tegumanyiddwa, wadde ng'ebiwandiiko bingi bigamba nti Zambia erina ennimi 73 ez’enjawulo; omuwendo guno guyinza okuba nga guva ku butawulira njawulo wakati w’ennimi n’ebigambo ebikozesebwa eby'enjawulo, nga basinziira ku kuba nti abantu basobola okutegeeragana nga boogera ennimi ez’enjawulo. Okusinziira ku kino, omuwendo gw’ennimi za Zambia guyinza okuba nga guli wakati wa 20 oba 30.<ref name="Chanda, Vincent M., and, Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. 2013 1–173">{{Cite book |author1=Chanda, Vincent M. |year=2013 |title=Speak Zambian Languages: Phrase Book in Bemba, Kaonde, Lozi, Luvale, Lunda, Nyanja and Tonga, all in one |author2=Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson |publisher=UNZA Press |isbn=978-9982-03-073-1 |location=Lusaka, Zambia |pages=1–173}}</ref> Olulimi olutongole mu Zambia lwe Lungereza, olukozesebwa mu bizinensi entongole, eby'enjigiriza, n’amateeka.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" />Olulimi olusinga okwogerwa mu Zambia, naddala mu Lusaka, lwe Lunyaanja (Chewa), oluddako Bemba. Mu birombe bya koppa, Bemba lwe lulimi olusinga okwogerwa era oluddako Nyanja. Olunyaanja n’Olubemba bye byogerwa mu bitundu eby’omu bibuga, okugatta ku nnimi endala eza wano ezaatera okwogerwa mu Zambia. Zino mulimu Lozi, Tumbuka, Kaonde, Tonga, Lunda ne Luvale, ezaalagibwa ku Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation (ZNBC) mu kitundu ky’ennimi za wano.<ref name="BritannicaPeople2">{{Cite web |title=Zambia – People |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambia/People |access-date=1 October 2024 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Chanda, Vincent M., and, Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. 2013 1–1732">{{Cite book |author1=Chanda, Vincent M. |year=2013 |title=Speak Zambian Languages: Phrase Book in Bemba, Kaonde, Lozi, Luvale, Lunda, Nyanja and Tonga, all in one |author2=Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson |publisher=UNZA Press |isbn=978-9982-03-073-1 |location=Lusaka, Zambia |pages=1–173}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. |year=2015 |title=The State of Affairs of Cultural Literacy in Zambia's Multicultural Education System. In A. L. Jotia and J. Dudu (Ed.), Multicultural Education Discourses: Breaking Barriers of Exclusion in Selected African Contexts |publisher=Zebra publishing (Pty) LTD |isbn=978-99945-84-99-4 |location=Windhoek, Namibia |pages=190–204}}</ref> Abasinga obungi bajja kwogera Olubemba n'Olunyanja mu Copperbelt; Olunyanja lusinga kwogerwa mu Lusaka ne mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia. Oluzungu lukozesebwa mu mpuliziganya entongole era lwe lulimi olusinga okwogerwa mu maka mu bantu abava mu mawanga ag'enjawulo. Okumelukawo kuno mu nnimi ereetedde olulimi olwogerwa mu Lusaka ne mu bibuga ebirala ebikulu. Abasinga obungi mu Zambia batera okwogera ennimi ezisukka mu lumu: olulimi olutongole, Oluzungu, n'olulimi olusinga okwogerwa mu kibuga oba mu kitundu gye babeera. Olupotugo luyigirizibwa ng'olulimi olw'okubiri mu masomo g'essomero olw'okubeerawo kw'Abangereza aboogera Olupotugo abangi mu Zambia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Actualités Afrique - Economie, sport, santé, politique |url=http://www.afriquejet.com/news/africa-news/zambia-to-introduce-portuguese-into-school-curriculum-2009041825794.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121208151924/http://www.afriquejet.com/news/africa-news/zambia-to-introduce-portuguese-into-school-curriculum-2009041825794.html |archive-date=2012-12-08 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.afriquejet.com |language=fr-fr}}</ref> '''Eby'enjigiriza''' Eddembe okufuna obuyigirize obwenkanankana era obumala eri bonna kikuumibwa mu ssemateeka wa Zambia.<ref>{{cite web |date=1996 |title=Laws of Zambia |url=http://www.parliament.gov.zm/acts/volumes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307105357/http://www.parliament.gov.zm/acts/volumes |archive-date=7 March 2016 |access-date=27 January 2016 |website=National Assembly of Zambia}}</ref> Etteeka ly’Obuyigirize erya 2011 likugira obuyigirize obwenkanankana era obw’omutindo.<ref>{{cite web |date=2011 |title=The Education Act (2011) |url=http://www.parliament.gov.zm/node/3324 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203063439/http://www.parliament.gov.zm/node/3324 |archive-date=3 February 2016 |access-date=27 January 2016 |website=National Assembly of Zambia}}</ref> Omutindo gw’obuyivu bw’olulimi Olungereza nga bwe gwali mu 2018 guli ebitundu 86.7%. == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] bx958tvhyno2hqg0me5r72dje743a6u 59364 59361 2026-07-06T17:13:43Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ekiba 59364 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Amawanga ga Luba-Lunda oluvannyuma gaakendeera olw'okutunda abaddu mu Atlantic mu Bugwanjuba ne mu Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba ne mu ntalo n'ebibinja ebyali byawuddwa ku bwakabaka. Aba Chokwe, ekibinja ekirina oluganda olw'okumpi ne Luvale era ne kitondebwawo ng'eggwanga lya Lunda satellite, mu kusooka gaakosebwa olw'obwetaavu bwabaddu eri Abazungu, naye bwe baawukana ku bwakabaka, bo bennyini baafuuka batunzi ba baddu abamanyiddwa ennyo, nga batunda abaddu ku mbalama zombi. Abachokwe oluvannyuma baawangulwa amawanga amalala n'Abaportugali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azuonye |first=Chukwuma |date=15 December 1996 |title=Chokwe: (Angola, Zambia) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ejao3vG6nfsC&pg=PA11 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-1990-1 |language=en}}</ref> Obutali butebenkevu buno bwaviirako okugwa kw'obwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'abantu okusaasaanira mu bitundu bya Zambia eby'enjawulo okuva mu Democratic Republic of the Congo. Abazambia abasinga obungi balina obuzaale mu bwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'obwakabaka obulala obuli mu Masekkati ga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1200, ng’eggwanga lya Luba-Lunda terinnatandikibwawo, ekibinja ky’aba Bantu baatandika okusenguka okuva mu Congo Basin okudda ku Nnyanja Mweru ate oluvannyuma ne basenga okumpi n’ennyanja Malawi. Abasenze bano balowoozebwa okuba nga baali abamu ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky’e Upemba mu Democratic Republic of Congo. Mu myaka gya 1400, ebibinja by’abasenze bano awamu baayitibwanga Maravi, era nga mu bo mwalimu Abachewa abaatandika okukoppa ebibinja by’aba Bantu nga Tumbuka.<ref name="Team">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 1480 Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwatandikibwawo kalonga (omukulu w'obwakabaka bwa Maravi) okuva mu kika kya Phiri, kimu ku bika ebikulu, ng'ebirala mulimu Banda, Mwale ne Nkhoma. Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwali buva ku Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Enkulaakulana y'ebyobufuzi ey'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi yali efaanana ey'Obwakabaka bwa Luba era kigambibwa nti bwavaayo. Ekyamaguzi ekikulu eky'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi kyali amasanga, agaatundibwanga okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Ekyuma nakyo kyakolebwanga era ne kitundibwa mu nsi endala. Mu myaka gya 1590, Abapotigo baagezaako okweddiza eby'obusuubuzi n’okutunda Maravi mu nsi endala. Okugezaako kuno kwaleetawo obusungu mu Maravi ab’e Lundu, abaasumulula eggye lyabwe erya WaZimba. WaZimba baalumba ebibuga by’Abapotigo eby’obusuubuzi nga Tete, Sena n’ebibuga ebirala bingi.<ref name="thinkafrica.net">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Abamaravi nabo bateeberezebwa okuba nga baaleeta obulombolombo obwandifuuse ekibiina kya Nyau eky'ekyama okuva e Upemba. Aba Nyau be bakola ku nzikiriza oba eddiini y'obuwangwa ey'abantu b'omu Maravi. Ekibiina kya Nyau kirimu okuzina okw'obulombolombo n'obukookolo obukozesebwa mu kuzina; enzikiriza eno yasaasaana okwetooloola ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maptia |title=The Secret Cult of Nyau Dancers |url=https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108130415/https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-date=8 November 2020 |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=Maptia |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwakendeera olw'enkaayana ezikwata ku busika mu mukago, okulumbibwa Ngoni n'okulumba abaddu okuva mu Yao.<ref name="thinkafrica.net2">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa ne Mfecane''' Ng'Obwakabaka bwa Great Zimbabwe bwali bukendedde, omu ku balangira baabwo, Nyatsimba Mutota, yava mu ggwanga n'atandikawo obwakabaka obupya obuyitibwa Mutapa. Ekitiibwa kya Mwene Mutapa, ekitegeeza "Omulumbaganyi w'Ensi", kyamuweebwa era n'abafuzi abaddirira.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mwene Matapa {{!}} historical dynastic title, southern Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520141810/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |archive-date=20 May 2023 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwafuganga ekitundu ekiri wakati w’Omugga Zambezi n’Omugga Limpopo, mu kitundu ekiriwo kati ekiyitibwa Zambia, Zimbabwe ne Mozambique, okuva mu kyasa ekya 14 okutuusa mu kyasa ekya 17. Mu ntikko yaabwo, Mutapa yali awambye ekitundu kya Dande eky’Omugga Tonga ne Tavara. Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwasinganga kwetaba mu by’obusuubuzi okusomoka Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okutuuka mu mawanga ag’omu Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Okufaananako abantu abaaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu mu Maravi, Mutapa yalina obuzibu n’abasuubuzi Abapotigo abaali bazze. Obutategeeragana buno we bwatuukira ku ntikko, Abapotigo baali bagezezzaako okukyusa mu nsonga z’omunda mu bwakabaka nga batandikawo obutale mu bwakabaka era nga bakyusa abantu okubayingiza Obukristaayo. Ekikolwa kino kyaleetawo obusungu mu Basiraamu AbaSwahili abaali babeera mu kibuga ekikulu, akavuyo kano kaawa Abapotigo ensonga gye baali banoonya okulumba obwakabaka era bagezeeko okufuga ebirombe by'abwo ebya zaabu n'enguudo awayitira amasanga. Obulumbaganyi buno bwagwa butaka Abapotigo bwe baalumbibwa endwadde nga bayita ku mugga Zambezi.<ref name="Mutapa">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1600 enkaayana ez'omunda n'olutalo lw'omunda byatandika okukendeera kwa Mutapa. Obwakabaka obwali bunafuye bwawangulwa Abapotigo era oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera bwatwalibwa amawanga ga Shona bwe baali bawalangana.<ref name="Mutapa2">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Abapotigo nabo baalina ettaka ddene, eryali limanyiddwa nga Prazos, era baakozesanga abaddu n'abaali abaddu ng'abakuumi n'abayizzi. Baatendekanga abasajja mu bukodyo bw'amagye era ne babawa emmundu. Abasajja bano baafuuka abayizzi b'enjovu abakugu era baali bamanyiddwa nga ba Chikunda. Oluvannyuma lw'okukendeera kw'Abapotigo, Chikunda baasobola okwesolossa munda mu Zambia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2019 |title=Chikunda |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227184451/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |archive-date=27 February 2021 |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Portugal okubeera mu kitundu ekyo kyali nsonga lwaki obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwatandikibwawo, eggwanga eryali lyetongodde ku Mutapa. Omukulembeze w'obwakabaka bwa Rozvi, Changamire Dombo, yafuuka omu ku bakulembeze abasingayo amaanyi mu byafaayo bya South-Central Africa. Wansi w'obukulembeze bwe, obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwawangula Abapotigo ne babaggya mu bifo mwe baali bakolera bizineesi ku mugga Zambezi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rozwi {{!}} historical state, Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125203243/https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |archive-date=25 January 2021 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Naye oboolyawo ekyokulabirako ekisinga okumanyibwa mu kino okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti kwe kweyongera kw’Abazulu wansi w’obukulembeze bwa Shaka. Okupikirizibwa okuva eri Abangereza abafuzi b’amatwale mu Cape ne okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti mu Bazulu kyavaako Mfecane (okunyigirizibwa). Abazulu beeyongera nga bayingiza abakazi n’abaana b’ebika bye baawangula, singa abasajja b’ebika bino ebya Nguni baawona okuttibwa, baakozesa obukodyo bw’amagye obw’Abazulu okulumba ebibinja ebirala.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Kino kyaviirako abantu bangi okusenguka, entalo n'obulumbaganyi mu Bukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati ne mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika nga ab'ekika kya Nguni oba Ngoni nga bakulembeddwamu Zwagendaba baasomoka omugga Zambezi nga batambulira mu Bukiikakkono. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni be baakuba ekibuga Maravi Empire ekyali kinafuye. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni abasinga obungi baasenga mu kitundu ekyali Zambia, [[Malawi]], [[Mozambique]] ne [[Tanzania]] era ne beegatta ku bika ebyali mu kitundu ekyo.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history2">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Zambia, ekibinja ekirala eky’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Afirika eky’Abasotho-Tswana abava mu Luba ne Lunda ezaagwa edda abayitibwa Abaluyana baawamba Kololo ne bamussaako olulimi Olukololo okutuusa Abaluyana lwe beekalakaasa ne baggyako Kololo mu kiseera kino olulimi Olukololo lwali lwerabiddwa era olulimi olupya olugattiddwa lwe lwavaamu, SiLozi era Abaluyana baatandika okweyita Abalozi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lozi {{!}} people |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528092724/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |archive-date=28 May 2023 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kya 18, Abamu ku Mbunda baasengukira mu Barotseland, Mongu oluvannyuma lw'okusenguka kw'abantu abalala, nga muno mwe muli, Ciyengele.<ref>'' The elites of Barotseland, 1878–1969: a political history of Zambia's Western Province'': a. Gerald L. Caplan, C. Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd, 1970, {{ISBN|0-900966-38-6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=maniacky |first=jacky |title=bantu zone K |url=http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140411045127/http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-date=2014-04-11 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.bantu-languages.com}}</ref> '''Ekiseera ky'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' '''Abazungu''' Omu ku Bulaaya abaasooka okuwandiikibwa nga baakyalako mu kitundu kino yali omuvumbuzi Omupotigo Francisco de Lacerda ku nkomerero y'ekyasa ekya 18. Lacerda yakulemberamu ekibinja ky'abavumbuzi okuva e Mozambique okutuuka mu kitundu ky'e Kazembe mu Zambia (nga balina ekiruubirirwa eky'okuvumbula n'okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa okuva ku lubalama lw'ennyanja okutuuka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja omulundi ogusooka),<ref>{{cite web |year=1798 |title=Instructions and Travel Diary that Governor Francisco Joze de Lacerda e Almeida Wrote about His Travel to the Center of Africa, Going to the River of Sena, in the Year of 1798 |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905135844/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |archive-date=5 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Library of Congress}}</ref> era n'afa mu kiseera ky'olugendo mu 1798. Olugendo luno okuva olwo lwakulemberwamu mukwano gwe Francisco Pinto.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hartnett |first=Craig |title=Portuguese Expedition to Northern Rhodesia, 1798–99 |url=http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924023553/http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Great North Road (GNR, Northern Rhodesia, Zambia) |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ekitundu kino, ekisangibwa wakati wa Mozambique ne [[Angola]], kyali kigambibwa nti kyali kya Bupotugo mu kiseera ekyo. Abalala abava mu Bulaaya baagoberera mu kyasa 19. Eyasinga okumanyika mu bano yali David Livingstone, eyalina okwolesebwa okw'okukomya okusuubula abaddu ng'ayita mu "3Cs": Obukristaayo, Ebyobusuubuzi, n'Obuwangwa. Ye Muzungu eyasooka okulaba ebisulo by'amazzi ebyewuunyisa ku Mugga Zambezi mu 1855, n'abyogerako bw'ati: "Ebifo ebirabika obulungi bityo biteekwa okuba nga byatunuulirwa bamalayika mu kudduka kwabwe".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Livingstone Discovers Victoria Falls, 1855 |url=http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522092057/http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |archive-date=22 May 2020 |access-date=28 May 2020 |website=EyeWitness to History}}</ref> Mu kitundu kino ebiyiriro bimanyiddwa nga "Mosi-o-Tunya" oba "omukka ogubwatuka" mu lulimi Lozi oba Kololo. Ekibuga Livingstone, okumpi n'ebiyiriro, kiyitibwa erinnya lye. Emboozi ezikwata ku ŋŋendo ze zaali zimanyiddwa nnyo ne kiviirako abagenyi bangi okuva mu Bulaaya, abaminsani, n'abasuubuzi oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwe mu 1873.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627015544/https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-date=27 June 2020 |website=The Provincial Administration Website}}</ref> '''Kampuni ya British South Africa Company''' Mu 1888, kampuni ya British South Africa Company (BSA Company), eyakulemberwa Cecil Rhodes, yafuna olukusa okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka okuva ku Litunga ow'abantu ba Lozi, omukulu w'essaza ly'abantu ba Lozi (Ba-rotse) mu kitundu ekyafuuka Barotziland-North-Western Rhodesia.<ref name="livingstone">{{cite web |author=Livingstone Tourism Association |title=Destination:Zambia&nbsp;– History and Culture |url=http://www.livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012153527/http://livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> Ebuvanjuba, mu Gwekkumineebiri 1897 ekibinja ky’Abangoni oba Abangoni (abaasibuka mu Zululand) beekalakaasa nga bakulemberwa Tsinco, mutabani wa Kabaka Mpezeni, naye obujeemu bwakomezebwawo,<ref name="unam">{{cite web |author1=Human Rights |author2=Documentation Centre |name-list-style=amp |title=Zambia: Historical Background |url=http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311093653/http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-date=11 March 2007 |access-date=14 January 2011}}</ref> era Mpezeni n’akkiriza Pax Britannica. Ekitundu ky’eggwanga ekyo kyatandika okumanyibwa nga Rhodesia ey'omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba. Mu 1895, Rhodes yasaba omusikawutu wa Omumerika Frederick Russell Burnham okunoonya eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka n’engeri y’okulongoosaamu entambula y’emigga mu kitundu ekyo, era mu lugendo luno mwe mwazuulibwa Frederick Russell Burnham eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka bingi ku mugga Kafue.<ref name="burnham1899">{{cite book |last=Burnham |first=Frederick Russell |author-link=Frederick Russell Burnham |year=1899 |title=Bulawayo Up-to-date; Being a General Sketch of Rhodesia |title-link=s:Northern Rhodesia |publisher=Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co. |editor-last=Wills |editor-first=Walter H. |pages=177–180 |chapter=Northern Rhodesia}}</ref> '''Obufuzi bw'amatwale ga Bungereza''' Mu 1953, okutondebwawo kwa Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland z'agatta wamu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono ne Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo, ne Nyasaland (kati Malawi) ng’ekitundu kimu ekyetongodde. Kino kyakolebwa wadde nga waaliwo okuwakanyizibwa okuva mu bantu abatono, abaakola okwekalakaasa okwaliwo mu 1960–61.<ref name="infoplease">{{cite web |author=Pearson Education |title=Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Federation of |url=http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012231959/http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> '''Obwetwaaze''' Omukago gwasaanyizibwawo nga 31 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, era mu Gwoluberyeberye 1964, Kaunda yawangula akalulu k'Obwaminisita bwa Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono. Gavana w'amatwale, Sir Evelyn Hone, yali mukwano nnyo gwa Kaunda era yamukubiriza okwesimbawo ku kifo ekyo. Mangu ddala oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, waaliwo okwekalakaasa mu Bukiikakkono bw'eggwanga eryo eryali limanyiddwa nga Lumpa Uprising nga lyali liduumirwa Alice Lenshina – Kaunda's first internal conflict as leader of the nation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2020 |title=Alice Lenshina |url=https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228081501/https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |archive-date=28 February 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=The British Empire}}</ref> Rhodesia yafuuka Republic of Zambia nga 24 Ogwekkumi 1964, nga Kenneth Kaunda ye pulezidenti eyasooka. Ku kufuna obwetwaze, wadde nga yalina ebyobugagga eby'omu ttaka ebingi, Zambia yasanga okusoomoozebwa okw'amaanyi. Munda mu ggwanga, waaliwo Abazambia abatendeke era abayivu abasukka mu 70,000 abaali basobola okuddukanya gavumenti, era ebyenfuna byali byesigamye nnyo ku bakugu okuva mu mawanga amalala. Obukugu buno bwaweebwa mu ngeri emu oba endala omubaka wa Bungereza mu Zambia John Willson.<ref>[http://www.chu.cam.ac.uk/archives/collections/BDOHP/Willson.pdf WILLSON, John Michael (born 15 July 1931)]{{Dead link|date=June 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}. BDOHP Biographical Details and Interview Index. chu.cam.ac.uk</ref> Waaliwo Abazungu abasukka mu 70,000 ababeera mu Zambia mu 1964, era baasigala nga ba mugaso nnyo mu byenfuna.<ref name="Zambia">{{Cite news|date=1964-10-25|title=1964: President Kaunda takes power in Zambia|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605125604/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-date=5 June 2013|access-date=2025-09-13|url-status=live|language=en-GB}}</ref> Kaunda okuwagira abayeekera ba Patriotic Front abaali bakola obulumbaganyi mu mawanga ag'omuliraano (Bukiikaddyo) Rhodesia kyaleetawo obunkenke mu by'obufuzi era ne kireetawo okukozesa amagye ku nsalo, era kino kyaviirako ensalo okuggalwa mu 1973.<ref name="blackfire">{{cite book |last=Raeburn |first=Michael |year=1978 |title=We are everywhere: Narratives from Rhodesian guerillas |url=https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-0-394-50530-5 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 1–209]}}</ref>Ebbibiro ly'amasannyalaze erya Kariba ku mugga Zambezi lyawa amasannyalaze agamala okukola ku byetaago by'eggwanga eby'amasannyalaze, wadde nga Rhodesia ye yali ekola ku by'amasannyalaze. Nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1978, ennyonyi ey'abantu ba bulijjo, Air Rhodesia Flight 825, yakubibwa amasasi okumpi ne Kariba abayeekera ba Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) abaakulemberwa Joshua Nkomo. Rhodesia yaddamu n'ekikwekweto kya Gatling, okulumba enkambi endala mu Zambia nga bakozesa amaanyi g'ennyonyi n'abajaasi abakugu mu kubuuka mu bbanga n'abajaasi abakugu mu kukozesa ennyonyi.<ref>{{cite web |title=GREEN LEADER. OPERATION GATLING, THE RHODESIAN MILITARY'S RESPONSE TO THE VISCOUNT TRAGEDY |url=http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125155440/http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-date=25 January 2017 |access-date=22 April 2017}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1970, Mozambique ne Angola zaali zifunye obwetwaze okuva ku Portugal. Gavumenti ya Rhodesia eyali esingamu abazungu, eyafulumya Ekirangiriro ky’Obwetwaze mu 1965, yakkiriza obufuzi obw’abantu abangi wansi w’Endagaano ya Lancaster House mu 1979.<ref name="zimstudy">{{cite book |last=Nelson |first=Harold |year=1983 |title=Zimbabwe: A Country Study |publisher=Claitors Publishing Division |isbn=978-0-16-001598-4 |pages=54–137}}</ref> Obukuubagano mu bitundu byombi ebyali bifugibwa Abapotigo n'olutalo lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwa [[Namibia]] byaviirako okuyingira kw'abanoonyi b'obubudamuera ne kyongera ku buzibu bw'ebyentambula. Oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Benguela, olwayita mu [[Angola]], lwaggalwawo ddala eri ebyentambula bya Zambia mu myaka gya 1970 egyali gisembayo. Zambia okuwagira ebibiina ebirwanyisa obusosoze mu mawanga nga African National Congress (ANC) era kyaleetawo obuzibu bw'ebyokwerinda ng'amagye ga South Africa Defence Force galumba ebifo ebitali bimu mu lutalo lw'okulwanyisa obwetwaze bwa Namibia.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Evans, M. |year=1984 |title=The Front-Line States, South Africa and Southern African Security: Military Prospects and Perspectives |url=http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/Journal%20of%20the%20University%20of%20Zimbabwe/vol12n1/juz012001002.pdf |journal=Zambezia |volume=12 |page=1}}</ref> '''Ebizibu by'ebyenfuna''' Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1970, omuwendo gwa kkopa, ekyamaguzi ekikulu ekiva mu Zambia, gwasereba nnyo mu nsi yonna. Mu mbeera ya Zambia, obungi bw'okutambuza kkopa eŋŋendo empanvu okutuuka mu katale kyali kizibu kinene. Zambia yasaba obuyambi okuva mu mawanga ag'ebweru n'ag'ensi yonna, naye, nga bbeeyi ya kkopa esigadde nga yasereba, kyeyongera okubeera ekizibu okusasula amabanja gaayo agaali geeyongera. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1990, wadde nga tewaaliwo kusonyiyibwa mabanja, ebbeyi ya kkopa eyali eva mu Zambia yali emu ku bintu ebyali bisinga okuba eby'ebbeeyi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia (12/08) |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625080205/https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |archive-date=25 June 2020 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> '''Okukola ku nsonga z'abantu''' Mu Gwomukaaga 1990, obwegugungo obwali buwakanya Kaunda bwatandika era abeekalakaasi bangi battibwa gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2020 |title=About Zambia |url=http://www.psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509233410/http://psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-date=9 May 2016 |access-date=20 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bartlett |first=David M. C. |date=2000 |title=Civil Society and Democracy: A Zambian Case Study |journal=Journal of Southern African Studies |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=429–446 |doi=10.1080/030570700750019655 |issn=0305-7070 |jstor=2637411 |s2cid=143480603}}</ref>Mu 1990, Kaunda yawona okulumbibwa amagye, era mu 1991, yakkiriza okuzzaawo enfuga ey'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, oluvannyuma lw'okussaawo enfuga ey'ekibiina ekimu wansi w'akakiiko ka Choma aka 1972. Oluvannyuma lw'okulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, Kaunda yaggyibwa mu woofiisi oluvannyuma lw'okuwangulwa mu kulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi Frederick Chiluba. Mu myaka gya 2000, ebyenfuna byanywerera, ne bituuka ku kweyongera kw'ebbeeyi y'ebintu mu 2006–2007, okweyongera kw'ebyenfuna, okukendeera kw'amagoba, n'okweyongera kw'omutindo gw'ebyobusuubuzi. Bingi ku kukulaakulana kuno kuvudde ku kusiga ensimbi okuva ebweru mu by'okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka n'okweyongera kw'emiwendo gy'ekikomo mu nsi yonna. Bino byonna byaleetera Zambia okusikirizibwa ennyo abagabi b'obuyambi era ne kireetera abasiga nsimbi okwongera okwesiga eggwanga lino. == Ebyobufuzi == Ebyobufuzi mu Zambia bitambulira mu nkola ey'omukulembeze w'eggwanga omukiise mu demokulasiya ow'eggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo, omukulembeze wa Zambia y'akulira eggwanga era akulira gavumenti mu ggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo. Gavumenti ekozesa obuyinza obw'okuteeka mu nkola, ate obuyinza obw'okukola amateeka buweebwa gavumenti ne paalamenti. Zambia yafuuka repubuliki oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu Gwekkumi 1964. Okuva mu 2011 okutuuka mu 2014, pulezidenti wa Zambia yali Michael Sata, okutuusa Sata lwe yafa nga 28 Ogwekkumi 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zambian President Michael Sata dies in London - BBC News|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705073526/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-date=2017-07-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=BBC News|language=en-GB}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Sata, omumyuka wa pulezidenti Guy Scott, Omuzambia ow'ensibuko y'Abasikawutu, yafuuka omukungu akola nga pulezidenti. Okulonda kwa pulezidenti kwaliwo nga 22 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015. Omugatte gw’abantu 11 abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti be beesimbawo mu kulonda era nga 24 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015, kyalangirirwa nti Edgar Chagwa Lungu yali awangudde okulonda okufuuka pulezidenti ow’omukaaga. Yawangula ebitundu 48.33% eby’obululu, ng’obululu 1.66% bwali bumusinga ku munnabyabufuzi akyasinze okuvuganya gavumenti, Hakainde Hichilema, eyafuna ebitundu 46.67%.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Defence Minister Lungu wins Zambia's disputed presidential race|url=http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305065726/http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-date=2016-03-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=Yahoo News|language=en-US}}</ref>Abantu abalala mwenda abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti baafuna obululu obutaweza na bitundu 1% ku bululu bwonna. Mu kulonda pkwaliwo mu Gwomunaana 2016 Zambian general election pulezidenti Edgar Lungu yawangula okulonda okw’omulundi ogw’okubiri. Omukago ogutaba ebibiina by’ebyobufuzi ogwa Patriotic Front (PF) gwagaana ebyali byogerwa ab’oludda oluvuganya gavumenti, UPND party.<ref name="bbc-15aug2016">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|title=Zambia's President Edgar Lungu declared election winner|work=BBC News|date=15 August 2016|access-date=17 May 2021|archive-date=26 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026223033/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021, okwalimu abalonzi 70% ku abo abaali basuubirwa, Hakainde Hichilema yawangula ebitundu 59% eby’obululu, ng’omuvuganya we eyali asingayo okuba ow’amaanyi, Edgar Chagwa Lungu, eyali pulezidenti mu kiseera ekyo, yafuna ebitundu 39% eby’obululu.<ref name="zm-elec-39">{{Cite news|url=https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm|title=Presidential Election Results|work=Electoral Commission of Zambia|date=16 August 2021|access-date=27 December 2021|archive-date=2 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102194510/https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm/}}</ref> Nga 16 Ogwomunaana Edgar Lungu yakkiriza mu kiwandiiko kye yafulumya ku ttivi, ng’aweereza ebbaluwa era ng’ayozayoza pulezidenti omulonde Hakainde Hichilema.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-08-16|title=Zambia election: Hakainde Hichilema beats President Edgar Lungu|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|access-date=2021-08-16|archive-date=24 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824152003/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|last=Kabwe|first=Zitto|author-link=Zitto Kabwe|user=zittokabwe|number=1426967254986629126|date=15 August 2021|title=#Zambia President @EdgarCLungu has conceded in a letter sent to now president elect @HHichilema of @UPNDZM. Once again Zambia has shown the world the level of its democratic maturity. Peaceful transfer of power is happening for third time in history. Congratulations Zambians|language=en|access-date=30 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827180204/https://twitter.com/zittokabwe/status/1426967254986629126|archive-date=27 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomunaana 2021, Hakainde Hichilema yalayizibwa nga pulezidenti wa Zambia omuggya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2021 |title=Zambia's Hakainde Hichilema sworn in as President in rare victory for an African opposition leader |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116213703/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |archive-date=16 November 2021 |access-date=16 November 2021}}</ref> '''Amaggye''' Mu 2019, Zambia yassa omukono ku ndagaano ya UN ekwata ku Kuziyiza eby'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa ebya Nukiriya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2017 |title=Chapter XXVI: Disarmament&nbsp;– No. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806220546/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |archive-date=6 August 2019 |access-date=18 October 2019 |publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection}}</ref> '''Amateeka n'eddembe ly'obuntu''' Gavumenti evunaanye abavumirira nga bakozesa ebigambo by'amateeka nti baali bawabya abantu. Amateeka agakwata ku kuwandiika ebintu ebikyamu gakozesebwa okukugira eddembe ly'okwogera ne bannamawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2015 |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225030706/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-date=2021-02-25 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=2009-2017.state.gov}}</ref> Ebikolwa eby'okweganza wakati w'abantu ab'ekikula ekimu kimenya mateeka eri abasajja n'abakazi mu Zambia.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 May 2016 |title=State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition |url=http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902183618/http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |archive-date=2 September 2017 |access-date=29 July 2017 |website=[[International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Daniel|last=Avery|title=71 Countries Where Homosexuality is Illegal|url=https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|work=Newsweek|date=4 April 2019|access-date=18 August 2019|archive-date=11 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211204842/https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|url-status=live}}</ref> Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu 2010 kwalaga nti ebitundu 2% ebya Bannansi ba Zambia bakitwala nti okulya ebisiyaga tekirina buzibu bwonna ku mpisa.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Meyer |first1=Birgit |date=2021 |title=What Is Religion in Africa? Relational Dynamics in an Entangled World |journal=Journal of Religion in Africa |publisher=Brill |volume=50 |issue=1–2 |pages=156–181 |doi=10.1163/15700666-12340184 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2019, kyategeezebwa nti Omubaka wa Amerika mu Zambia Daniel Lewis Foote "yakwatibwa ensisi" olw'engeri Zambia gy'ekuumamu abalyi b'ebisiyaga mu makomera. Oluvannyuma lw'okujulira ne kulema era nga n'abafumbo bano Japhet Chataba ne Steven Samba baasalirwa ekibonerezo kya kusibibwa emyaka 15 mu makomera, Foote yasaba gavumenti ya Zambia okuddamu okwekenneenya omusango guno n'amateeka ga Zambia agalwanyisa ebisiyaga. Foote yafuna obuzibu era n'asazaamu okujja mu bantu oluvannyuma lw'okutiisibwatiisibwa ku mikutu gya yintaneeti, era oluvannyuma lw'okulangirirwa Lungu nti y'omuntu ataagalwa mu ggwanga eryo.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 December 2019 |title=US recalls ambassador to Zambia after gay rights row |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231195603/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |archive-date=31 December 2019 |access-date=12 January 2020 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 2026, gavumenti ya Zambia yavumirirwa olw'okwongezaayo olukiiko olw'amaanyi olw'ensi yonna olw'eddembe ly'obuntu, RightsCon, ennaku musanvu zokka nga tezinnatuuka okubeerawo mu Lusaka. Olukiiko olwo oluvannyuma lwasazibwamu oluvannyuma lw'okumanya nti gavumenti ya Zambia yali esaba, kirabika nga kya kusaba kw'abakungu ba China, okulungamya n'okuggyako aboogezi okuva e Taiwan. Abakugu baayogedde ku kweraliikirira olw'okulondoola n'okweyongera kw'obulabe eri ebitongole by'obwanakyewa.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gault ·|first1=Matthew|title=World's Largest Digital Human Rights Conference Suddenly Canceled|url=https://www.404media.co/rightscon-human-rights-conference-suddenly-postponed/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=404 Media|date=29 April 2026|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Elliott|first1=Vittoria|title=The Chinese Government Just Got the World's Largest Digital Rights Conference Canceled|url=https://www.wired.com/story/the-chinese-government-pressured-zambia-to-cancel-the-worlds-largest-digital-rights-conference/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Wired|date=1 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hendrix|first1=Justin|title=RightsCon Canceled After Zambia Requires 'Full Alignment' With 'National Values'|url=https://www.techpolicy.press/rightscon-canceled-after-zambia-requires-full-alignment-with-national-values/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Tech Policy Press|date=30 April 2026|language=en}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo by'abantu''' Okusinziira ku kubala abantu okwa 2022 mu Zambia, omuwendo gw'abantu mu Zambia gwali 19,610,769.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia's Population up to 19,610,769 in 2022 from 13,092,666 in 2010 – Zambia Statistics Agency |url=https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305022051/https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |archive-date=5 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ebibinja by'abantu ebisinga obunene mu Zambia beebo abayitibwa Bemba obukadde 3.3 (33.6%), Nyanja obukadde 1.8 (18.2%), Tonga obukadde 1.7 (16.8%), Abantu ab’omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba 1,000,000 (10.3%), Abalozii (Barotse) 770,000 (7.8%), Abamabwe 580,000 (5.9%), Abatumbuka 500,000 (5.1%), Abalamba 165,000 (2%), Abayindi 11,900 n’Abazungu 6,200.<ref>{{cite journal |date=2 November 2023 |title=Zambia |url=https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909114747/https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |archive-date=9 September 2023 |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=minorityrights.org}}</ref> Zambia y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubeeramu abantu mu bibuga mu Afirika eri wansi wa Sahara, ng'ebitundu 44% eby'abantu babeera mu bitundu ebisinga okubeeramu entambula, so ng'ate ebyalo birimu abantu batono nnyo. Omuwendo gw'abaana abazaalibwa gwali 6.2 mu 2007 (6.1 mu 1996, 5.9 mu 2001–02).<ref>{{cite web |title=Welcome to the Official site of Zambian Statistics |url=http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113144454/http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-date=13 November 2014 |access-date=11 April 2014 |publisher=Zamstats.gov.zm}}</ref> '''Ebibuga ebisinga obunene''' Okutandika kw'okuyiikuula ekikomo mu makolero ku Copperbelt mu myaka gya 1920 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga. Wadde ng'okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga kwali kuteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, kyali kinene nnyo.[1] Ebibuga ebikolebwamu eby'obugagga ku Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali eteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, yali nnene nnyo.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Potts |first=Deborah |date=2005 |title=Counter-urbanisation on the Zambian Copperbelt? Interpretations and implications |journal=Urban Studies |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=583–609 |bibcode=2005UrbSt..42..583P |doi=10.1080/00420980500060137 |s2cid=154412136}}</ref> Ebibuga ebirimu ebirombe bya Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali y'etoloolera ku gaali z'omukka n'enguudo okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwe bironbe bya kkoppa okuyita mu Kapiri Mposhi, Lusaka, Choma ne Livingstone. '''Ebibinja by'abantu''' Zambia elimu ebika nga 73,<ref name="BritannicaPeople">{{Cite web |title=Zambia – People |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambia/People |access-date=1 October 2024 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref><ref name="epr">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> wadde mu nkola waliwo ebibinja ebitono ebirabika obulungi.[2] Abazambia abasinga boogera Olubantu.<ref name="epr2">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ebibinja ebisinga obunene mu lulimi bye Bemba, Nyanja (era ekiyitibwa Chewa), ne Tonga; ebibinja ebirala ebitali binene nnyo bye Kaonde, Lozi, Luanda, ne Luvale.[2]<ref name="epr" /> Mu 2010, omuwendo gw'abantu gwateeberezebwa okuba ebitundu 21% Bemba, ebitundu 13.6% Tonga, ebitundu 7.4% Chewa, ebitundu 5.7% Lozi, ebitundu 5.3% Nsenga, ebitundu 4.4% Tumbuka, ebitundu 4.0% Ngoni, ne 38.6% abalala.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Bemba kye kisinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkono, Luapula, ne Copperbelt; ekibinja kya Tonga mu bitundu by'Obukiikaddyo, n'eby'Obugwanjuba; n'ekibinja kya Lozi mu bitundu by'Obugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Tumbuka ekitono ennyo kisangibwa mu kiwonvu kya Luangwa mu Buvanjuba.[2] Tewali kibinja ky'abantu aboogera olulimi olumu abasinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ebitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba tebirimu bantu bangi nnyo.<ref name="epr3">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ng’oggyeko olulimi, obuwangwa bukulu mu Zambia.<ref name="epr3" />Obuwangwa buno batera okubukwataganya n’obwesigwa bw’amaka oba n’ab’obuyinza eb'ennono. Obuwangwa buno busengekeddwa mu bibinja by’ennimi ebikulu.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Posner |first=Daniel N. |date=2005-06-06 |title=Institutions and Ethnic Politics in Africa |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-83398-1 |language=en |doi=10.1017/CBO9780511808661 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083432/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |archive-date=2023-03-21}}</ref> Abagwiira, okusingira ddala Abangereza oba Aba South Afrika, wamu n'abamu ku bannansi ba Zambia abeeru Abazungu abava mu Bungereza, babeera nnyo mu Lusaka ne mu Copperbelt mu Bukiikakkono bwa Zambia, gye baba nga bakola mu birombe, mu by'ensimbi n'emirimu emirala egifaananako bwe gityo oba nga bawummudde. Waaliwo Abazungu 70,000 mu Zambia mu 1964, naye bangi okuva olwo bavudde mu ggwanga.<ref name="Zambia" /> Zambia erina abantu abatono naye nga balina omugaso mu byenfuna abava mu Asia, abasinga obungi ku bo Buhindi ne Bachina. Ekibinja kino eky’abantu abatono ky'ekikyasinze okufuga eby’enfuna nga kye kikola ku by’okutunda ebintu. Kiteeberezebwa nti Abachina nga 80,000 be baali babeera mu Zambia mu 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ZAMBIA: Zambians wary of |url=http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910230935/http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-date=2011-09-10 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=IRINnews}}</ref> Mu myaka egiyise, ebikumi n’ebikumi by’abalimi abazungu abaali bagobeddwa mu Zimbabwe baasengukira e Zambia oluvannyuma lw’okuyitibwa gavumenti ya Zambia, okutandika okulima mu matwae g'omu Bukiikaddyo.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zim's Loss, Zam's gain: White Zimbabweans making good in Zambia|date=June 2004|newspaper=The Economist|access-date=28 August 2009|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110215085211/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-date=15 February 2011}}</ref><ref name="Spiegel">{{Cite news|title=Settling in Zambia: Zimbabwe's Displaced Farmers Find a New Home|last=Thielke|first=Thilo|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|date=27 December 2004|access-date=28 August 2009|periodical=[[Der Spiegel]]|archive-date=19 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619050250/http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza okwalebwa ku banoonyi b'obubuddamu mu 2009 ekyakubibwa akakiikio ka America akavunanyizibwa ku banoonyi b'obubudamu n'abagwiira eka U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, Zambia yalina omuwendo gw’abanoonyi b’obubudamu n’abanoonya obubudamu nga bali 88,900. Abanoonyi b’obubudamu abasinga obungi mu ggwanga baava mu Democratic Republic of the Congo (ababundabunda 47,300 okuva mu DRC ng'ababeera mu Zambia mu 2007), Angola (27,100 Bannangola Zambia), Zimbabwe (5,400) ne Rwanda (4,900).<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009">{{cite news|title=World Refugee Survey 2009|publisher=U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants|url=http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211175633/http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-date=11 December 2013}}</ref> Bannansi ba Zambia okutwaliza awamu baaniriza abagwira. Okutandika mu Gwokutaano 2008, omuwendo gw'Abazimbabwe mu Zambia gwatandika okulinnya ennyo; okuyingira kwali kusinga kw'Abazimbabwe abaali babeera mu South Africa abaali badduka obutabanguko obwali mu ggwanga eryo.<ref name="IRIN">{{Cite news|title=Zambia: Rising levels of resentment towards Zimbabweans|date=9 June 2008|access-date=7 August 2023|periodical=[[The New Humanitarian|IRIN News]]|url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2008/06/09/rising-levels-resentment-towards-zimbabweans|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930005909/http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=78648|archive-date=2009-09-30}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Kumpi abanoonyi b'obubudamo 60,000 babeera mu nkambi mu Zambia, ate 50,000 babeera mu bantu ba bulijjo. Abanoonyi b'obubudamo abaagala okukola mu Zambia balina okusaba olukusa saako n'ebiwandiiko ebikukkiriza okukola nga bino biyinza okutwala ddoola 500 buli mwaka.<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009" /> '''Eddiini''' Zambia mu butongole "eggwanga ery'Ekiikuristaayo" wansi wa Ssemateeka w'eggwanga owa 1996, naye essa ekitiibwa mu kukuuma eddembe ly'eddiini n'okusinza.<ref>{{cite web |date=30 June 2008 |title=Constitution of Zambia, 1991(Amended to 1996) |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105055544/http://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |archive-date=5 November 2012 |access-date=18 December 2012 |publisher=Scribd.com}}</ref> Zambia lye ggwanga lyokka mu Afirika erirangirira Obukristaayo ng'eddiini y'eggwanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Haynes |first=N. |date=2021 |title=Taking Dominion in a Christian Nation: North American Political Theology in an African Context |journal=Pneuma |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=214–232 |doi=10.1163/15700747-bja10036 |hdl=20.500.11820/48b556a6-cf81-4058-bf5b-894934a35ca0 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ekitongole kya Zambia ekivunaanyizibwa ku kubala abantu ekya Zambia Statistics Agency mu 2022 kyabalirira nti 98.0% ku Bannazambia Bakristaayo, nga 74.5% Bapulotesitanti, 17.9% Bakatoliki ate 5.6% Bajulirwa ba Yakuwa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2025-07-24 |title=RELIGIOUS LANDSCAPE OF ZAMBIA: AN ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF THE 2022 CENSUS FINDINGS |url=https://www.amulufeblog.com/2025/07/religious-landscape-of-zambia.html |access-date=2026-02-12 |website=Amulufeblog |language=en}}</ref> Enzikiriza z'ekikulisitaayo mu Zambia mulimu Apolotesitante, Abavangelika saako n'Abapentecoote.<ref name=":1" /> Obukristaayo bwatuuka mu Zambia okuyita mu bufuzi bw'amatwale obw'Abazungu, era enjawulo yaakyo ey'ebibiina eby'enjawulo eraga enkyukakyuka mu nkola y'obuminsani; okugeza, Obukatoliki bwava mu Mozambique ey'Abaportugalezi mu Buvanjuba, so ng'Obulokole bwava mu Bungereza mu Bukiikaddyo. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu 1964, Zambia yalaba okweyongera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibiina by'obuminsani ebirala okuva mu bitundu by'ensi ebitali bimu, naddala Amerika ey'Obukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. Mu byasa ebyaddirira, emirimu gy'obuminsani egy'Abazungu egyaddira abakkiriza ab'omu kitundu (okuggyako ebifo ebimu eby'obuminsani, gamba ng'abasawo). Oluvannyuma lwa Frederick Chiluba, Omukulisitaayo Omukristaayo, okufuuka pulezidenti mu 1991, ebibiina by'obuminsani eby'Abazungu byeyongera nnyo okwetooloola Zambia okuva mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu 1964, Zambia yalaba okweyongera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibiina by'obuminsani eby'Abazungu okuva mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani.<ref name="pentecostal">{{cite book |last=Steel |first=Matthew |year=2005 |title=Pentecostalism in Zambia: Power, Authority and the Overcomers |publisher=University of Wales |id=MSc Dissertation}}</ref> Eddiini z'Ekikristaayo ezimu ezirina abagoberezi batono mu nsi yonna zimanyiddwa nnyo mu Zambia. Eggwanga lino lirina abantu abawerako ab'enzikiriza y'eki Adiventi nga mu bibala ku Bazambia 18 osangamu 1 omu Adiventi.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 October 2012 |title=Zambia Union Conference&nbsp;– Adventist Directory |url=http://www.adventistdirectory.org/ViewAdmField.aspx?AdmFieldID=ZAUM |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427045842/https://www.adventistdirectory.org/ViewAdmField.aspx?AdmFieldID=ZAUM |archive-date=27 April 2023 |access-date=18 December 2012 |publisher=Adventistdirectory.org}}</ref> Ekkanisa y'Abalokole eya Central Africa erimu abagoberezi abasukka mu 11,000 mu ggwanga.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lutheran Church of Central Africa: Zambia |url=http://www.celc.info/site/cpage.asp?sec_id=180010197&cpage_id=180031341 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131193035/http://www.celc.info/site/cpage.asp?sec_id=180010197&cpage_id=180031341 |archive-date=31 January 2017 |publisher=Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference}}</ref> Abantu abasukka mu bitundu 12 ku buli kikumi mu Zambia basabira mu Kkanisa ya New Apostostoc Church.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hayashida |first=Nelson Osamu |date=1999 |title=Dreams in the African Literature: The Significance of Dreams and Visions Among Zambian Baptists |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CkNC6-Wmga4C&q=One+in+11+Zambians+is+a+member+of+the+New+Apostolic+Church&pg=PA36 |publisher=Rodopi |isbn=978-90-420-0596-9 |language=en |access-date=3 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518182155/https://books.google.com/books?id=CkNC6-Wmga4C&q=One+in+11+Zambians+is+a+member+of+the+New+Apostolic+Church&pg=PA36#v=snippet&q=One%20in%2011%20Zambians%20is%20a%20member%20of%20the%20New%20Apostolic%20Church&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nga balina abagoberezi abasukka mu kakadde kamu mu emitwalo abiri, eggwanga lirimu ekibiina ky'Abaseveniside ekisinga obunene mu Afirika, okuva ku bantu abasukka mu bukadde mwenda mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Membership figures of the global Church as at the end of 2009: New Apostolic Church International (NAC) |url=http://www.nak.org/news/naci-news/article/16710/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626032545/http://www.nak.org/news/naci-news/article/16710/ |archive-date=26 June 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.nak.org}}</ref> Abantu nga 2.7% ku Bannazambia Basiraamu, abasinga obungi nga Basunni n’abalala abatonotono nga Abaismaili ne Twelver Shia.<ref name="2023RIRF">{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2023-report-on-international-religious-freedom/zambia/ |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=United States Department of State |language=en-US}}</ref> Abasiraamu abali mu Zambia, abalina okubalibwa okw’omulundi ogumu nga 100,000 okusinziira ku kuteebereza okumu okwakolebwa, bazingiramu abanoonyi b’obubudamu okuva e Congo ne [[Somalia]], awamu n’abagwiira okuva mu South Asia ne mu ddungu ly'ebuwalabu abafuuse Bannazambia.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> Abahindu, abasinga obungi nga ba South Asian ancestry, baali nga 10,000 okusinziira ku kuteebereza okumu okwakolebwa, mu 2019.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> Ku ntikko y'akyo mu myaka gya 1960, Abayudaaya abaali mu Zambia abaali bawerera ddala 10,000 ng'abasinga baali basibuka mu Lithuania, Latvia ne Bugirimaani,<ref>{{cite web |last=Tutton |first=Mark |date=19 January 2012 |title=The forgotten story of Zambia's Jewish settlers |url=https://www.cnn.com/2012/01/19/world/africa/zambia-jewish-history/index.html |access-date=17 February 2025 |work=CNN}}</ref>okuva mu 2012 baali batono ddala okusinga Abazambia Abayudaaya ng'abasinga ku bbo baali bawangalira mu Lusaka mu matwale g'Obukiikakkono. Mu Zambia mulimu abantu batono ab'enzikiriza ya Baha ne Buddhists saako ne Sikhs.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> '''Ennimi''' Omuwendo omutuufu ogw'ennimi za Zambia tegumanyiddwa, wadde ng'ebiwandiiko bingi bigamba nti Zambia erina ennimi 73 ez’enjawulo; omuwendo guno guyinza okuba nga guva ku butawulira njawulo wakati w’ennimi n’ebigambo ebikozesebwa eby'enjawulo, nga basinziira ku kuba nti abantu basobola okutegeeragana nga boogera ennimi ez’enjawulo. Okusinziira ku kino, omuwendo gw’ennimi za Zambia guyinza okuba nga guli wakati wa 20 oba 30.<ref name="Chanda, Vincent M., and, Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. 2013 1–173">{{Cite book |author1=Chanda, Vincent M. |year=2013 |title=Speak Zambian Languages: Phrase Book in Bemba, Kaonde, Lozi, Luvale, Lunda, Nyanja and Tonga, all in one |author2=Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson |publisher=UNZA Press |isbn=978-9982-03-073-1 |location=Lusaka, Zambia |pages=1–173}}</ref> Olulimi olutongole mu Zambia lwe Lungereza, olukozesebwa mu bizinensi entongole, eby'enjigiriza, n’amateeka.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" />Olulimi olusinga okwogerwa mu Zambia, naddala mu Lusaka, lwe Lunyaanja (Chewa), oluddako Bemba. Mu birombe bya koppa, Bemba lwe lulimi olusinga okwogerwa era oluddako Nyanja. Olunyaanja n’Olubemba bye byogerwa mu bitundu eby’omu bibuga, okugatta ku nnimi endala eza wano ezaatera okwogerwa mu Zambia. Zino mulimu Lozi, Tumbuka, Kaonde, Tonga, Lunda ne Luvale, ezaalagibwa ku Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation (ZNBC) mu kitundu ky’ennimi za wano.<ref name="BritannicaPeople2">{{Cite web |title=Zambia – People |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambia/People |access-date=1 October 2024 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Chanda, Vincent M., and, Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. 2013 1–1732">{{Cite book |author1=Chanda, Vincent M. |year=2013 |title=Speak Zambian Languages: Phrase Book in Bemba, Kaonde, Lozi, Luvale, Lunda, Nyanja and Tonga, all in one |author2=Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson |publisher=UNZA Press |isbn=978-9982-03-073-1 |location=Lusaka, Zambia |pages=1–173}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. |year=2015 |title=The State of Affairs of Cultural Literacy in Zambia's Multicultural Education System. In A. L. Jotia and J. Dudu (Ed.), Multicultural Education Discourses: Breaking Barriers of Exclusion in Selected African Contexts |publisher=Zebra publishing (Pty) LTD |isbn=978-99945-84-99-4 |location=Windhoek, Namibia |pages=190–204}}</ref> Abasinga obungi bajja kwogera Olubemba n'Olunyanja mu Copperbelt; Olunyanja lusinga kwogerwa mu Lusaka ne mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia. Oluzungu lukozesebwa mu mpuliziganya entongole era lwe lulimi olusinga okwogerwa mu maka mu bantu abava mu mawanga ag'enjawulo. Okumelukawo kuno mu nnimi ereetedde olulimi olwogerwa mu Lusaka ne mu bibuga ebirala ebikulu. Abasinga obungi mu Zambia batera okwogera ennimi ezisukka mu lumu: olulimi olutongole, Oluzungu, n'olulimi olusinga okwogerwa mu kibuga oba mu kitundu gye babeera. Olupotugo luyigirizibwa ng'olulimi olw'okubiri mu masomo g'essomero olw'okubeerawo kw'Abangereza aboogera Olupotugo abangi mu Zambia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Actualités Afrique - Economie, sport, santé, politique |url=http://www.afriquejet.com/news/africa-news/zambia-to-introduce-portuguese-into-school-curriculum-2009041825794.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121208151924/http://www.afriquejet.com/news/africa-news/zambia-to-introduce-portuguese-into-school-curriculum-2009041825794.html |archive-date=2012-12-08 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.afriquejet.com |language=fr-fr}}</ref> '''Eby'enjigiriza''' Eddembe okufuna obuyigirize obwenkanankana era obumala eri bonna kikuumibwa mu ssemateeka wa Zambia.<ref>{{cite web |date=1996 |title=Laws of Zambia |url=http://www.parliament.gov.zm/acts/volumes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307105357/http://www.parliament.gov.zm/acts/volumes |archive-date=7 March 2016 |access-date=27 January 2016 |website=National Assembly of Zambia}}</ref> Etteeka ly’Obuyigirize erya 2011 likugira obuyigirize obwenkanankana era obw’omutindo.<ref>{{cite web |date=2011 |title=The Education Act (2011) |url=http://www.parliament.gov.zm/node/3324 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203063439/http://www.parliament.gov.zm/node/3324 |archive-date=3 February 2016 |access-date=27 January 2016 |website=National Assembly of Zambia}}</ref> Omutindo gw’obuyivu bw’olulimi Olungereza nga bwe gwali mu 2018 guli ebitundu 86.7%. Ensaasaanya ya gavumenti eya buli mwaka ku by'enjigiriza ebadde ya njawulo nnyo. Nga bwe kiri ebitundu ku mbalirira ya gavumenti, kyali ebitundu 19.6% mu 2006, ebitundu 15.3% mu 2011, n'ebitundu 20.2% mu 2015.[1] Okutuuka mu 2020, ensaasaanya ku by'enjigiriza yali ebitundu 3.7% ku GDP.[2] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] sftn09ef9qqt5hnoi6oshccc7ksku96 59365 59364 2026-07-06T17:14:45Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 59365 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Amawanga ga Luba-Lunda oluvannyuma gaakendeera olw'okutunda abaddu mu Atlantic mu Bugwanjuba ne mu Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba ne mu ntalo n'ebibinja ebyali byawuddwa ku bwakabaka. Aba Chokwe, ekibinja ekirina oluganda olw'okumpi ne Luvale era ne kitondebwawo ng'eggwanga lya Lunda satellite, mu kusooka gaakosebwa olw'obwetaavu bwabaddu eri Abazungu, naye bwe baawukana ku bwakabaka, bo bennyini baafuuka batunzi ba baddu abamanyiddwa ennyo, nga batunda abaddu ku mbalama zombi. Abachokwe oluvannyuma baawangulwa amawanga amalala n'Abaportugali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azuonye |first=Chukwuma |date=15 December 1996 |title=Chokwe: (Angola, Zambia) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ejao3vG6nfsC&pg=PA11 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-1990-1 |language=en}}</ref> Obutali butebenkevu buno bwaviirako okugwa kw'obwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'abantu okusaasaanira mu bitundu bya Zambia eby'enjawulo okuva mu Democratic Republic of the Congo. Abazambia abasinga obungi balina obuzaale mu bwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'obwakabaka obulala obuli mu Masekkati ga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1200, ng’eggwanga lya Luba-Lunda terinnatandikibwawo, ekibinja ky’aba Bantu baatandika okusenguka okuva mu Congo Basin okudda ku Nnyanja Mweru ate oluvannyuma ne basenga okumpi n’ennyanja Malawi. Abasenze bano balowoozebwa okuba nga baali abamu ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky’e Upemba mu Democratic Republic of Congo. Mu myaka gya 1400, ebibinja by’abasenze bano awamu baayitibwanga Maravi, era nga mu bo mwalimu Abachewa abaatandika okukoppa ebibinja by’aba Bantu nga Tumbuka.<ref name="Team">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 1480 Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwatandikibwawo kalonga (omukulu w'obwakabaka bwa Maravi) okuva mu kika kya Phiri, kimu ku bika ebikulu, ng'ebirala mulimu Banda, Mwale ne Nkhoma. Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwali buva ku Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Enkulaakulana y'ebyobufuzi ey'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi yali efaanana ey'Obwakabaka bwa Luba era kigambibwa nti bwavaayo. Ekyamaguzi ekikulu eky'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi kyali amasanga, agaatundibwanga okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Ekyuma nakyo kyakolebwanga era ne kitundibwa mu nsi endala. Mu myaka gya 1590, Abapotigo baagezaako okweddiza eby'obusuubuzi n’okutunda Maravi mu nsi endala. Okugezaako kuno kwaleetawo obusungu mu Maravi ab’e Lundu, abaasumulula eggye lyabwe erya WaZimba. WaZimba baalumba ebibuga by’Abapotigo eby’obusuubuzi nga Tete, Sena n’ebibuga ebirala bingi.<ref name="thinkafrica.net">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Abamaravi nabo bateeberezebwa okuba nga baaleeta obulombolombo obwandifuuse ekibiina kya Nyau eky'ekyama okuva e Upemba. Aba Nyau be bakola ku nzikiriza oba eddiini y'obuwangwa ey'abantu b'omu Maravi. Ekibiina kya Nyau kirimu okuzina okw'obulombolombo n'obukookolo obukozesebwa mu kuzina; enzikiriza eno yasaasaana okwetooloola ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maptia |title=The Secret Cult of Nyau Dancers |url=https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108130415/https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-date=8 November 2020 |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=Maptia |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwakendeera olw'enkaayana ezikwata ku busika mu mukago, okulumbibwa Ngoni n'okulumba abaddu okuva mu Yao.<ref name="thinkafrica.net2">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa ne Mfecane''' Ng'Obwakabaka bwa Great Zimbabwe bwali bukendedde, omu ku balangira baabwo, Nyatsimba Mutota, yava mu ggwanga n'atandikawo obwakabaka obupya obuyitibwa Mutapa. Ekitiibwa kya Mwene Mutapa, ekitegeeza "Omulumbaganyi w'Ensi", kyamuweebwa era n'abafuzi abaddirira.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mwene Matapa {{!}} historical dynastic title, southern Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520141810/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |archive-date=20 May 2023 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwafuganga ekitundu ekiri wakati w’Omugga Zambezi n’Omugga Limpopo, mu kitundu ekiriwo kati ekiyitibwa Zambia, Zimbabwe ne Mozambique, okuva mu kyasa ekya 14 okutuusa mu kyasa ekya 17. Mu ntikko yaabwo, Mutapa yali awambye ekitundu kya Dande eky’Omugga Tonga ne Tavara. Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwasinganga kwetaba mu by’obusuubuzi okusomoka Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okutuuka mu mawanga ag’omu Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Okufaananako abantu abaaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu mu Maravi, Mutapa yalina obuzibu n’abasuubuzi Abapotigo abaali bazze. Obutategeeragana buno we bwatuukira ku ntikko, Abapotigo baali bagezezzaako okukyusa mu nsonga z’omunda mu bwakabaka nga batandikawo obutale mu bwakabaka era nga bakyusa abantu okubayingiza Obukristaayo. Ekikolwa kino kyaleetawo obusungu mu Basiraamu AbaSwahili abaali babeera mu kibuga ekikulu, akavuyo kano kaawa Abapotigo ensonga gye baali banoonya okulumba obwakabaka era bagezeeko okufuga ebirombe by'abwo ebya zaabu n'enguudo awayitira amasanga. Obulumbaganyi buno bwagwa butaka Abapotigo bwe baalumbibwa endwadde nga bayita ku mugga Zambezi.<ref name="Mutapa">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1600 enkaayana ez'omunda n'olutalo lw'omunda byatandika okukendeera kwa Mutapa. Obwakabaka obwali bunafuye bwawangulwa Abapotigo era oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera bwatwalibwa amawanga ga Shona bwe baali bawalangana.<ref name="Mutapa2">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Abapotigo nabo baalina ettaka ddene, eryali limanyiddwa nga Prazos, era baakozesanga abaddu n'abaali abaddu ng'abakuumi n'abayizzi. Baatendekanga abasajja mu bukodyo bw'amagye era ne babawa emmundu. Abasajja bano baafuuka abayizzi b'enjovu abakugu era baali bamanyiddwa nga ba Chikunda. Oluvannyuma lw'okukendeera kw'Abapotigo, Chikunda baasobola okwesolossa munda mu Zambia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2019 |title=Chikunda |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227184451/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |archive-date=27 February 2021 |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Portugal okubeera mu kitundu ekyo kyali nsonga lwaki obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwatandikibwawo, eggwanga eryali lyetongodde ku Mutapa. Omukulembeze w'obwakabaka bwa Rozvi, Changamire Dombo, yafuuka omu ku bakulembeze abasingayo amaanyi mu byafaayo bya South-Central Africa. Wansi w'obukulembeze bwe, obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwawangula Abapotigo ne babaggya mu bifo mwe baali bakolera bizineesi ku mugga Zambezi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rozwi {{!}} historical state, Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125203243/https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |archive-date=25 January 2021 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Naye oboolyawo ekyokulabirako ekisinga okumanyibwa mu kino okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti kwe kweyongera kw’Abazulu wansi w’obukulembeze bwa Shaka. Okupikirizibwa okuva eri Abangereza abafuzi b’amatwale mu Cape ne okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti mu Bazulu kyavaako Mfecane (okunyigirizibwa). Abazulu beeyongera nga bayingiza abakazi n’abaana b’ebika bye baawangula, singa abasajja b’ebika bino ebya Nguni baawona okuttibwa, baakozesa obukodyo bw’amagye obw’Abazulu okulumba ebibinja ebirala.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Kino kyaviirako abantu bangi okusenguka, entalo n'obulumbaganyi mu Bukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati ne mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika nga ab'ekika kya Nguni oba Ngoni nga bakulembeddwamu Zwagendaba baasomoka omugga Zambezi nga batambulira mu Bukiikakkono. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni be baakuba ekibuga Maravi Empire ekyali kinafuye. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni abasinga obungi baasenga mu kitundu ekyali Zambia, [[Malawi]], [[Mozambique]] ne [[Tanzania]] era ne beegatta ku bika ebyali mu kitundu ekyo.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history2">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Zambia, ekibinja ekirala eky’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Afirika eky’Abasotho-Tswana abava mu Luba ne Lunda ezaagwa edda abayitibwa Abaluyana baawamba Kololo ne bamussaako olulimi Olukololo okutuusa Abaluyana lwe beekalakaasa ne baggyako Kololo mu kiseera kino olulimi Olukololo lwali lwerabiddwa era olulimi olupya olugattiddwa lwe lwavaamu, SiLozi era Abaluyana baatandika okweyita Abalozi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lozi {{!}} people |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528092724/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |archive-date=28 May 2023 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kya 18, Abamu ku Mbunda baasengukira mu Barotseland, Mongu oluvannyuma lw'okusenguka kw'abantu abalala, nga muno mwe muli, Ciyengele.<ref>'' The elites of Barotseland, 1878–1969: a political history of Zambia's Western Province'': a. Gerald L. Caplan, C. Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd, 1970, {{ISBN|0-900966-38-6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=maniacky |first=jacky |title=bantu zone K |url=http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140411045127/http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-date=2014-04-11 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.bantu-languages.com}}</ref> '''Ekiseera ky'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' '''Abazungu''' Omu ku Bulaaya abaasooka okuwandiikibwa nga baakyalako mu kitundu kino yali omuvumbuzi Omupotigo Francisco de Lacerda ku nkomerero y'ekyasa ekya 18. Lacerda yakulemberamu ekibinja ky'abavumbuzi okuva e Mozambique okutuuka mu kitundu ky'e Kazembe mu Zambia (nga balina ekiruubirirwa eky'okuvumbula n'okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa okuva ku lubalama lw'ennyanja okutuuka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja omulundi ogusooka),<ref>{{cite web |year=1798 |title=Instructions and Travel Diary that Governor Francisco Joze de Lacerda e Almeida Wrote about His Travel to the Center of Africa, Going to the River of Sena, in the Year of 1798 |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905135844/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |archive-date=5 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Library of Congress}}</ref> era n'afa mu kiseera ky'olugendo mu 1798. Olugendo luno okuva olwo lwakulemberwamu mukwano gwe Francisco Pinto.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hartnett |first=Craig |title=Portuguese Expedition to Northern Rhodesia, 1798–99 |url=http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924023553/http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Great North Road (GNR, Northern Rhodesia, Zambia) |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ekitundu kino, ekisangibwa wakati wa Mozambique ne [[Angola]], kyali kigambibwa nti kyali kya Bupotugo mu kiseera ekyo. Abalala abava mu Bulaaya baagoberera mu kyasa 19. Eyasinga okumanyika mu bano yali David Livingstone, eyalina okwolesebwa okw'okukomya okusuubula abaddu ng'ayita mu "3Cs": Obukristaayo, Ebyobusuubuzi, n'Obuwangwa. Ye Muzungu eyasooka okulaba ebisulo by'amazzi ebyewuunyisa ku Mugga Zambezi mu 1855, n'abyogerako bw'ati: "Ebifo ebirabika obulungi bityo biteekwa okuba nga byatunuulirwa bamalayika mu kudduka kwabwe".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Livingstone Discovers Victoria Falls, 1855 |url=http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522092057/http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |archive-date=22 May 2020 |access-date=28 May 2020 |website=EyeWitness to History}}</ref> Mu kitundu kino ebiyiriro bimanyiddwa nga "Mosi-o-Tunya" oba "omukka ogubwatuka" mu lulimi Lozi oba Kololo. Ekibuga Livingstone, okumpi n'ebiyiriro, kiyitibwa erinnya lye. Emboozi ezikwata ku ŋŋendo ze zaali zimanyiddwa nnyo ne kiviirako abagenyi bangi okuva mu Bulaaya, abaminsani, n'abasuubuzi oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwe mu 1873.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627015544/https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-date=27 June 2020 |website=The Provincial Administration Website}}</ref> '''Kampuni ya British South Africa Company''' Mu 1888, kampuni ya British South Africa Company (BSA Company), eyakulemberwa Cecil Rhodes, yafuna olukusa okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka okuva ku Litunga ow'abantu ba Lozi, omukulu w'essaza ly'abantu ba Lozi (Ba-rotse) mu kitundu ekyafuuka Barotziland-North-Western Rhodesia.<ref name="livingstone">{{cite web |author=Livingstone Tourism Association |title=Destination:Zambia&nbsp;– History and Culture |url=http://www.livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012153527/http://livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> Ebuvanjuba, mu Gwekkumineebiri 1897 ekibinja ky’Abangoni oba Abangoni (abaasibuka mu Zululand) beekalakaasa nga bakulemberwa Tsinco, mutabani wa Kabaka Mpezeni, naye obujeemu bwakomezebwawo,<ref name="unam">{{cite web |author1=Human Rights |author2=Documentation Centre |name-list-style=amp |title=Zambia: Historical Background |url=http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311093653/http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-date=11 March 2007 |access-date=14 January 2011}}</ref> era Mpezeni n’akkiriza Pax Britannica. Ekitundu ky’eggwanga ekyo kyatandika okumanyibwa nga Rhodesia ey'omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba. Mu 1895, Rhodes yasaba omusikawutu wa Omumerika Frederick Russell Burnham okunoonya eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka n’engeri y’okulongoosaamu entambula y’emigga mu kitundu ekyo, era mu lugendo luno mwe mwazuulibwa Frederick Russell Burnham eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka bingi ku mugga Kafue.<ref name="burnham1899">{{cite book |last=Burnham |first=Frederick Russell |author-link=Frederick Russell Burnham |year=1899 |title=Bulawayo Up-to-date; Being a General Sketch of Rhodesia |title-link=s:Northern Rhodesia |publisher=Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co. |editor-last=Wills |editor-first=Walter H. |pages=177–180 |chapter=Northern Rhodesia}}</ref> '''Obufuzi bw'amatwale ga Bungereza''' Mu 1953, okutondebwawo kwa Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland z'agatta wamu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono ne Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo, ne Nyasaland (kati Malawi) ng’ekitundu kimu ekyetongodde. Kino kyakolebwa wadde nga waaliwo okuwakanyizibwa okuva mu bantu abatono, abaakola okwekalakaasa okwaliwo mu 1960–61.<ref name="infoplease">{{cite web |author=Pearson Education |title=Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Federation of |url=http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012231959/http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> '''Obwetwaaze''' Omukago gwasaanyizibwawo nga 31 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, era mu Gwoluberyeberye 1964, Kaunda yawangula akalulu k'Obwaminisita bwa Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono. Gavana w'amatwale, Sir Evelyn Hone, yali mukwano nnyo gwa Kaunda era yamukubiriza okwesimbawo ku kifo ekyo. Mangu ddala oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, waaliwo okwekalakaasa mu Bukiikakkono bw'eggwanga eryo eryali limanyiddwa nga Lumpa Uprising nga lyali liduumirwa Alice Lenshina – Kaunda's first internal conflict as leader of the nation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2020 |title=Alice Lenshina |url=https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228081501/https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |archive-date=28 February 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=The British Empire}}</ref> Rhodesia yafuuka Republic of Zambia nga 24 Ogwekkumi 1964, nga Kenneth Kaunda ye pulezidenti eyasooka. Ku kufuna obwetwaze, wadde nga yalina ebyobugagga eby'omu ttaka ebingi, Zambia yasanga okusoomoozebwa okw'amaanyi. Munda mu ggwanga, waaliwo Abazambia abatendeke era abayivu abasukka mu 70,000 abaali basobola okuddukanya gavumenti, era ebyenfuna byali byesigamye nnyo ku bakugu okuva mu mawanga amalala. Obukugu buno bwaweebwa mu ngeri emu oba endala omubaka wa Bungereza mu Zambia John Willson.<ref>[http://www.chu.cam.ac.uk/archives/collections/BDOHP/Willson.pdf WILLSON, John Michael (born 15 July 1931)]{{Dead link|date=June 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}. BDOHP Biographical Details and Interview Index. chu.cam.ac.uk</ref> Waaliwo Abazungu abasukka mu 70,000 ababeera mu Zambia mu 1964, era baasigala nga ba mugaso nnyo mu byenfuna.<ref name="Zambia">{{Cite news|date=1964-10-25|title=1964: President Kaunda takes power in Zambia|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605125604/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-date=5 June 2013|access-date=2025-09-13|url-status=live|language=en-GB}}</ref> Kaunda okuwagira abayeekera ba Patriotic Front abaali bakola obulumbaganyi mu mawanga ag'omuliraano (Bukiikaddyo) Rhodesia kyaleetawo obunkenke mu by'obufuzi era ne kireetawo okukozesa amagye ku nsalo, era kino kyaviirako ensalo okuggalwa mu 1973.<ref name="blackfire">{{cite book |last=Raeburn |first=Michael |year=1978 |title=We are everywhere: Narratives from Rhodesian guerillas |url=https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-0-394-50530-5 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 1–209]}}</ref>Ebbibiro ly'amasannyalaze erya Kariba ku mugga Zambezi lyawa amasannyalaze agamala okukola ku byetaago by'eggwanga eby'amasannyalaze, wadde nga Rhodesia ye yali ekola ku by'amasannyalaze. Nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1978, ennyonyi ey'abantu ba bulijjo, Air Rhodesia Flight 825, yakubibwa amasasi okumpi ne Kariba abayeekera ba Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) abaakulemberwa Joshua Nkomo. Rhodesia yaddamu n'ekikwekweto kya Gatling, okulumba enkambi endala mu Zambia nga bakozesa amaanyi g'ennyonyi n'abajaasi abakugu mu kubuuka mu bbanga n'abajaasi abakugu mu kukozesa ennyonyi.<ref>{{cite web |title=GREEN LEADER. OPERATION GATLING, THE RHODESIAN MILITARY'S RESPONSE TO THE VISCOUNT TRAGEDY |url=http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125155440/http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-date=25 January 2017 |access-date=22 April 2017}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1970, Mozambique ne Angola zaali zifunye obwetwaze okuva ku Portugal. Gavumenti ya Rhodesia eyali esingamu abazungu, eyafulumya Ekirangiriro ky’Obwetwaze mu 1965, yakkiriza obufuzi obw’abantu abangi wansi w’Endagaano ya Lancaster House mu 1979.<ref name="zimstudy">{{cite book |last=Nelson |first=Harold |year=1983 |title=Zimbabwe: A Country Study |publisher=Claitors Publishing Division |isbn=978-0-16-001598-4 |pages=54–137}}</ref> Obukuubagano mu bitundu byombi ebyali bifugibwa Abapotigo n'olutalo lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwa [[Namibia]] byaviirako okuyingira kw'abanoonyi b'obubudamuera ne kyongera ku buzibu bw'ebyentambula. Oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Benguela, olwayita mu [[Angola]], lwaggalwawo ddala eri ebyentambula bya Zambia mu myaka gya 1970 egyali gisembayo. Zambia okuwagira ebibiina ebirwanyisa obusosoze mu mawanga nga African National Congress (ANC) era kyaleetawo obuzibu bw'ebyokwerinda ng'amagye ga South Africa Defence Force galumba ebifo ebitali bimu mu lutalo lw'okulwanyisa obwetwaze bwa Namibia.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Evans, M. |year=1984 |title=The Front-Line States, South Africa and Southern African Security: Military Prospects and Perspectives |url=http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/Journal%20of%20the%20University%20of%20Zimbabwe/vol12n1/juz012001002.pdf |journal=Zambezia |volume=12 |page=1}}</ref> '''Ebizibu by'ebyenfuna''' Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1970, omuwendo gwa kkopa, ekyamaguzi ekikulu ekiva mu Zambia, gwasereba nnyo mu nsi yonna. Mu mbeera ya Zambia, obungi bw'okutambuza kkopa eŋŋendo empanvu okutuuka mu katale kyali kizibu kinene. Zambia yasaba obuyambi okuva mu mawanga ag'ebweru n'ag'ensi yonna, naye, nga bbeeyi ya kkopa esigadde nga yasereba, kyeyongera okubeera ekizibu okusasula amabanja gaayo agaali geeyongera. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1990, wadde nga tewaaliwo kusonyiyibwa mabanja, ebbeyi ya kkopa eyali eva mu Zambia yali emu ku bintu ebyali bisinga okuba eby'ebbeeyi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia (12/08) |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625080205/https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |archive-date=25 June 2020 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> '''Okukola ku nsonga z'abantu''' Mu Gwomukaaga 1990, obwegugungo obwali buwakanya Kaunda bwatandika era abeekalakaasi bangi battibwa gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2020 |title=About Zambia |url=http://www.psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509233410/http://psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-date=9 May 2016 |access-date=20 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bartlett |first=David M. C. |date=2000 |title=Civil Society and Democracy: A Zambian Case Study |journal=Journal of Southern African Studies |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=429–446 |doi=10.1080/030570700750019655 |issn=0305-7070 |jstor=2637411 |s2cid=143480603}}</ref>Mu 1990, Kaunda yawona okulumbibwa amagye, era mu 1991, yakkiriza okuzzaawo enfuga ey'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, oluvannyuma lw'okussaawo enfuga ey'ekibiina ekimu wansi w'akakiiko ka Choma aka 1972. Oluvannyuma lw'okulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, Kaunda yaggyibwa mu woofiisi oluvannyuma lw'okuwangulwa mu kulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi Frederick Chiluba. Mu myaka gya 2000, ebyenfuna byanywerera, ne bituuka ku kweyongera kw'ebbeeyi y'ebintu mu 2006–2007, okweyongera kw'ebyenfuna, okukendeera kw'amagoba, n'okweyongera kw'omutindo gw'ebyobusuubuzi. Bingi ku kukulaakulana kuno kuvudde ku kusiga ensimbi okuva ebweru mu by'okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka n'okweyongera kw'emiwendo gy'ekikomo mu nsi yonna. Bino byonna byaleetera Zambia okusikirizibwa ennyo abagabi b'obuyambi era ne kireetera abasiga nsimbi okwongera okwesiga eggwanga lino. == Ebyobufuzi == Ebyobufuzi mu Zambia bitambulira mu nkola ey'omukulembeze w'eggwanga omukiise mu demokulasiya ow'eggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo, omukulembeze wa Zambia y'akulira eggwanga era akulira gavumenti mu ggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo. Gavumenti ekozesa obuyinza obw'okuteeka mu nkola, ate obuyinza obw'okukola amateeka buweebwa gavumenti ne paalamenti. Zambia yafuuka repubuliki oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu Gwekkumi 1964. Okuva mu 2011 okutuuka mu 2014, pulezidenti wa Zambia yali Michael Sata, okutuusa Sata lwe yafa nga 28 Ogwekkumi 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zambian President Michael Sata dies in London - BBC News|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705073526/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-date=2017-07-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=BBC News|language=en-GB}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Sata, omumyuka wa pulezidenti Guy Scott, Omuzambia ow'ensibuko y'Abasikawutu, yafuuka omukungu akola nga pulezidenti. Okulonda kwa pulezidenti kwaliwo nga 22 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015. Omugatte gw’abantu 11 abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti be beesimbawo mu kulonda era nga 24 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015, kyalangirirwa nti Edgar Chagwa Lungu yali awangudde okulonda okufuuka pulezidenti ow’omukaaga. Yawangula ebitundu 48.33% eby’obululu, ng’obululu 1.66% bwali bumusinga ku munnabyabufuzi akyasinze okuvuganya gavumenti, Hakainde Hichilema, eyafuna ebitundu 46.67%.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Defence Minister Lungu wins Zambia's disputed presidential race|url=http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305065726/http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-date=2016-03-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=Yahoo News|language=en-US}}</ref>Abantu abalala mwenda abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti baafuna obululu obutaweza na bitundu 1% ku bululu bwonna. Mu kulonda pkwaliwo mu Gwomunaana 2016 Zambian general election pulezidenti Edgar Lungu yawangula okulonda okw’omulundi ogw’okubiri. Omukago ogutaba ebibiina by’ebyobufuzi ogwa Patriotic Front (PF) gwagaana ebyali byogerwa ab’oludda oluvuganya gavumenti, UPND party.<ref name="bbc-15aug2016">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|title=Zambia's President Edgar Lungu declared election winner|work=BBC News|date=15 August 2016|access-date=17 May 2021|archive-date=26 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026223033/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021, okwalimu abalonzi 70% ku abo abaali basuubirwa, Hakainde Hichilema yawangula ebitundu 59% eby’obululu, ng’omuvuganya we eyali asingayo okuba ow’amaanyi, Edgar Chagwa Lungu, eyali pulezidenti mu kiseera ekyo, yafuna ebitundu 39% eby’obululu.<ref name="zm-elec-39">{{Cite news|url=https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm|title=Presidential Election Results|work=Electoral Commission of Zambia|date=16 August 2021|access-date=27 December 2021|archive-date=2 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102194510/https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm/}}</ref> Nga 16 Ogwomunaana Edgar Lungu yakkiriza mu kiwandiiko kye yafulumya ku ttivi, ng’aweereza ebbaluwa era ng’ayozayoza pulezidenti omulonde Hakainde Hichilema.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-08-16|title=Zambia election: Hakainde Hichilema beats President Edgar Lungu|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|access-date=2021-08-16|archive-date=24 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824152003/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|last=Kabwe|first=Zitto|author-link=Zitto Kabwe|user=zittokabwe|number=1426967254986629126|date=15 August 2021|title=#Zambia President @EdgarCLungu has conceded in a letter sent to now president elect @HHichilema of @UPNDZM. Once again Zambia has shown the world the level of its democratic maturity. Peaceful transfer of power is happening for third time in history. Congratulations Zambians|language=en|access-date=30 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827180204/https://twitter.com/zittokabwe/status/1426967254986629126|archive-date=27 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomunaana 2021, Hakainde Hichilema yalayizibwa nga pulezidenti wa Zambia omuggya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2021 |title=Zambia's Hakainde Hichilema sworn in as President in rare victory for an African opposition leader |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116213703/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |archive-date=16 November 2021 |access-date=16 November 2021}}</ref> '''Amaggye''' Mu 2019, Zambia yassa omukono ku ndagaano ya UN ekwata ku Kuziyiza eby'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa ebya Nukiriya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2017 |title=Chapter XXVI: Disarmament&nbsp;– No. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806220546/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |archive-date=6 August 2019 |access-date=18 October 2019 |publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection}}</ref> '''Amateeka n'eddembe ly'obuntu''' Gavumenti evunaanye abavumirira nga bakozesa ebigambo by'amateeka nti baali bawabya abantu. Amateeka agakwata ku kuwandiika ebintu ebikyamu gakozesebwa okukugira eddembe ly'okwogera ne bannamawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2015 |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225030706/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-date=2021-02-25 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=2009-2017.state.gov}}</ref> Ebikolwa eby'okweganza wakati w'abantu ab'ekikula ekimu kimenya mateeka eri abasajja n'abakazi mu Zambia.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 May 2016 |title=State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition |url=http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902183618/http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |archive-date=2 September 2017 |access-date=29 July 2017 |website=[[International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Daniel|last=Avery|title=71 Countries Where Homosexuality is Illegal|url=https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|work=Newsweek|date=4 April 2019|access-date=18 August 2019|archive-date=11 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211204842/https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|url-status=live}}</ref> Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu 2010 kwalaga nti ebitundu 2% ebya Bannansi ba Zambia bakitwala nti okulya ebisiyaga tekirina buzibu bwonna ku mpisa.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Meyer |first1=Birgit |date=2021 |title=What Is Religion in Africa? Relational Dynamics in an Entangled World |journal=Journal of Religion in Africa |publisher=Brill |volume=50 |issue=1–2 |pages=156–181 |doi=10.1163/15700666-12340184 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2019, kyategeezebwa nti Omubaka wa Amerika mu Zambia Daniel Lewis Foote "yakwatibwa ensisi" olw'engeri Zambia gy'ekuumamu abalyi b'ebisiyaga mu makomera. Oluvannyuma lw'okujulira ne kulema era nga n'abafumbo bano Japhet Chataba ne Steven Samba baasalirwa ekibonerezo kya kusibibwa emyaka 15 mu makomera, Foote yasaba gavumenti ya Zambia okuddamu okwekenneenya omusango guno n'amateeka ga Zambia agalwanyisa ebisiyaga. Foote yafuna obuzibu era n'asazaamu okujja mu bantu oluvannyuma lw'okutiisibwatiisibwa ku mikutu gya yintaneeti, era oluvannyuma lw'okulangirirwa Lungu nti y'omuntu ataagalwa mu ggwanga eryo.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 December 2019 |title=US recalls ambassador to Zambia after gay rights row |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231195603/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |archive-date=31 December 2019 |access-date=12 January 2020 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 2026, gavumenti ya Zambia yavumirirwa olw'okwongezaayo olukiiko olw'amaanyi olw'ensi yonna olw'eddembe ly'obuntu, RightsCon, ennaku musanvu zokka nga tezinnatuuka okubeerawo mu Lusaka. Olukiiko olwo oluvannyuma lwasazibwamu oluvannyuma lw'okumanya nti gavumenti ya Zambia yali esaba, kirabika nga kya kusaba kw'abakungu ba China, okulungamya n'okuggyako aboogezi okuva e Taiwan. Abakugu baayogedde ku kweraliikirira olw'okulondoola n'okweyongera kw'obulabe eri ebitongole by'obwanakyewa.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gault ·|first1=Matthew|title=World's Largest Digital Human Rights Conference Suddenly Canceled|url=https://www.404media.co/rightscon-human-rights-conference-suddenly-postponed/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=404 Media|date=29 April 2026|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Elliott|first1=Vittoria|title=The Chinese Government Just Got the World's Largest Digital Rights Conference Canceled|url=https://www.wired.com/story/the-chinese-government-pressured-zambia-to-cancel-the-worlds-largest-digital-rights-conference/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Wired|date=1 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hendrix|first1=Justin|title=RightsCon Canceled After Zambia Requires 'Full Alignment' With 'National Values'|url=https://www.techpolicy.press/rightscon-canceled-after-zambia-requires-full-alignment-with-national-values/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Tech Policy Press|date=30 April 2026|language=en}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo by'abantu''' Okusinziira ku kubala abantu okwa 2022 mu Zambia, omuwendo gw'abantu mu Zambia gwali 19,610,769.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia's Population up to 19,610,769 in 2022 from 13,092,666 in 2010 – Zambia Statistics Agency |url=https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305022051/https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |archive-date=5 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ebibinja by'abantu ebisinga obunene mu Zambia beebo abayitibwa Bemba obukadde 3.3 (33.6%), Nyanja obukadde 1.8 (18.2%), Tonga obukadde 1.7 (16.8%), Abantu ab’omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba 1,000,000 (10.3%), Abalozii (Barotse) 770,000 (7.8%), Abamabwe 580,000 (5.9%), Abatumbuka 500,000 (5.1%), Abalamba 165,000 (2%), Abayindi 11,900 n’Abazungu 6,200.<ref>{{cite journal |date=2 November 2023 |title=Zambia |url=https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909114747/https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |archive-date=9 September 2023 |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=minorityrights.org}}</ref> Zambia y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubeeramu abantu mu bibuga mu Afirika eri wansi wa Sahara, ng'ebitundu 44% eby'abantu babeera mu bitundu ebisinga okubeeramu entambula, so ng'ate ebyalo birimu abantu batono nnyo. Omuwendo gw'abaana abazaalibwa gwali 6.2 mu 2007 (6.1 mu 1996, 5.9 mu 2001–02).<ref>{{cite web |title=Welcome to the Official site of Zambian Statistics |url=http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113144454/http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-date=13 November 2014 |access-date=11 April 2014 |publisher=Zamstats.gov.zm}}</ref> '''Ebibuga ebisinga obunene''' Okutandika kw'okuyiikuula ekikomo mu makolero ku Copperbelt mu myaka gya 1920 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga. Wadde ng'okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga kwali kuteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, kyali kinene nnyo.[1] Ebibuga ebikolebwamu eby'obugagga ku Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali eteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, yali nnene nnyo.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Potts |first=Deborah |date=2005 |title=Counter-urbanisation on the Zambian Copperbelt? Interpretations and implications |journal=Urban Studies |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=583–609 |bibcode=2005UrbSt..42..583P |doi=10.1080/00420980500060137 |s2cid=154412136}}</ref> Ebibuga ebirimu ebirombe bya Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali y'etoloolera ku gaali z'omukka n'enguudo okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwe bironbe bya kkoppa okuyita mu Kapiri Mposhi, Lusaka, Choma ne Livingstone. '''Ebibinja by'abantu''' Zambia elimu ebika nga 73,<ref name="BritannicaPeople">{{Cite web |title=Zambia – People |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambia/People |access-date=1 October 2024 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref><ref name="epr">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> wadde mu nkola waliwo ebibinja ebitono ebirabika obulungi.[2] Abazambia abasinga boogera Olubantu.<ref name="epr2">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ebibinja ebisinga obunene mu lulimi bye Bemba, Nyanja (era ekiyitibwa Chewa), ne Tonga; ebibinja ebirala ebitali binene nnyo bye Kaonde, Lozi, Luanda, ne Luvale.[2]<ref name="epr" /> Mu 2010, omuwendo gw'abantu gwateeberezebwa okuba ebitundu 21% Bemba, ebitundu 13.6% Tonga, ebitundu 7.4% Chewa, ebitundu 5.7% Lozi, ebitundu 5.3% Nsenga, ebitundu 4.4% Tumbuka, ebitundu 4.0% Ngoni, ne 38.6% abalala.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Bemba kye kisinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkono, Luapula, ne Copperbelt; ekibinja kya Tonga mu bitundu by'Obukiikaddyo, n'eby'Obugwanjuba; n'ekibinja kya Lozi mu bitundu by'Obugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Tumbuka ekitono ennyo kisangibwa mu kiwonvu kya Luangwa mu Buvanjuba.[2] Tewali kibinja ky'abantu aboogera olulimi olumu abasinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ebitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba tebirimu bantu bangi nnyo.<ref name="epr3">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ng’oggyeko olulimi, obuwangwa bukulu mu Zambia.<ref name="epr3" />Obuwangwa buno batera okubukwataganya n’obwesigwa bw’amaka oba n’ab’obuyinza eb'ennono. Obuwangwa buno busengekeddwa mu bibinja by’ennimi ebikulu.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Posner |first=Daniel N. |date=2005-06-06 |title=Institutions and Ethnic Politics in Africa |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-83398-1 |language=en |doi=10.1017/CBO9780511808661 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083432/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |archive-date=2023-03-21}}</ref> Abagwiira, okusingira ddala Abangereza oba Aba South Afrika, wamu n'abamu ku bannansi ba Zambia abeeru Abazungu abava mu Bungereza, babeera nnyo mu Lusaka ne mu Copperbelt mu Bukiikakkono bwa Zambia, gye baba nga bakola mu birombe, mu by'ensimbi n'emirimu emirala egifaananako bwe gityo oba nga bawummudde. Waaliwo Abazungu 70,000 mu Zambia mu 1964, naye bangi okuva olwo bavudde mu ggwanga.<ref name="Zambia" /> Zambia erina abantu abatono naye nga balina omugaso mu byenfuna abava mu Asia, abasinga obungi ku bo Buhindi ne Bachina. Ekibinja kino eky’abantu abatono ky'ekikyasinze okufuga eby’enfuna nga kye kikola ku by’okutunda ebintu. Kiteeberezebwa nti Abachina nga 80,000 be baali babeera mu Zambia mu 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ZAMBIA: Zambians wary of |url=http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910230935/http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-date=2011-09-10 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=IRINnews}}</ref> Mu myaka egiyise, ebikumi n’ebikumi by’abalimi abazungu abaali bagobeddwa mu Zimbabwe baasengukira e Zambia oluvannyuma lw’okuyitibwa gavumenti ya Zambia, okutandika okulima mu matwae g'omu Bukiikaddyo.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zim's Loss, Zam's gain: White Zimbabweans making good in Zambia|date=June 2004|newspaper=The Economist|access-date=28 August 2009|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110215085211/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-date=15 February 2011}}</ref><ref name="Spiegel">{{Cite news|title=Settling in Zambia: Zimbabwe's Displaced Farmers Find a New Home|last=Thielke|first=Thilo|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|date=27 December 2004|access-date=28 August 2009|periodical=[[Der Spiegel]]|archive-date=19 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619050250/http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza okwalebwa ku banoonyi b'obubuddamu mu 2009 ekyakubibwa akakiikio ka America akavunanyizibwa ku banoonyi b'obubudamu n'abagwiira eka U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, Zambia yalina omuwendo gw’abanoonyi b’obubudamu n’abanoonya obubudamu nga bali 88,900. Abanoonyi b’obubudamu abasinga obungi mu ggwanga baava mu Democratic Republic of the Congo (ababundabunda 47,300 okuva mu DRC ng'ababeera mu Zambia mu 2007), Angola (27,100 Bannangola Zambia), Zimbabwe (5,400) ne Rwanda (4,900).<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009">{{cite news|title=World Refugee Survey 2009|publisher=U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants|url=http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211175633/http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-date=11 December 2013}}</ref> Bannansi ba Zambia okutwaliza awamu baaniriza abagwira. Okutandika mu Gwokutaano 2008, omuwendo gw'Abazimbabwe mu Zambia gwatandika okulinnya ennyo; okuyingira kwali kusinga kw'Abazimbabwe abaali babeera mu South Africa abaali badduka obutabanguko obwali mu ggwanga eryo.<ref name="IRIN">{{Cite news|title=Zambia: Rising levels of resentment towards Zimbabweans|date=9 June 2008|access-date=7 August 2023|periodical=[[The New Humanitarian|IRIN News]]|url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2008/06/09/rising-levels-resentment-towards-zimbabweans|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930005909/http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=78648|archive-date=2009-09-30}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Kumpi abanoonyi b'obubudamo 60,000 babeera mu nkambi mu Zambia, ate 50,000 babeera mu bantu ba bulijjo. Abanoonyi b'obubudamo abaagala okukola mu Zambia balina okusaba olukusa saako n'ebiwandiiko ebikukkiriza okukola nga bino biyinza okutwala ddoola 500 buli mwaka.<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009" /> '''Eddiini''' Zambia mu butongole "eggwanga ery'Ekiikuristaayo" wansi wa Ssemateeka w'eggwanga owa 1996, naye essa ekitiibwa mu kukuuma eddembe ly'eddiini n'okusinza.<ref>{{cite web |date=30 June 2008 |title=Constitution of Zambia, 1991(Amended to 1996) |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105055544/http://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |archive-date=5 November 2012 |access-date=18 December 2012 |publisher=Scribd.com}}</ref> Zambia lye ggwanga lyokka mu Afirika erirangirira Obukristaayo ng'eddiini y'eggwanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Haynes |first=N. |date=2021 |title=Taking Dominion in a Christian Nation: North American Political Theology in an African Context |journal=Pneuma |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=214–232 |doi=10.1163/15700747-bja10036 |hdl=20.500.11820/48b556a6-cf81-4058-bf5b-894934a35ca0 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ekitongole kya Zambia ekivunaanyizibwa ku kubala abantu ekya Zambia Statistics Agency mu 2022 kyabalirira nti 98.0% ku Bannazambia Bakristaayo, nga 74.5% Bapulotesitanti, 17.9% Bakatoliki ate 5.6% Bajulirwa ba Yakuwa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2025-07-24 |title=RELIGIOUS LANDSCAPE OF ZAMBIA: AN ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF THE 2022 CENSUS FINDINGS |url=https://www.amulufeblog.com/2025/07/religious-landscape-of-zambia.html |access-date=2026-02-12 |website=Amulufeblog |language=en}}</ref> Enzikiriza z'ekikulisitaayo mu Zambia mulimu Apolotesitante, Abavangelika saako n'Abapentecoote.<ref name=":1" /> Obukristaayo bwatuuka mu Zambia okuyita mu bufuzi bw'amatwale obw'Abazungu, era enjawulo yaakyo ey'ebibiina eby'enjawulo eraga enkyukakyuka mu nkola y'obuminsani; okugeza, Obukatoliki bwava mu Mozambique ey'Abaportugalezi mu Buvanjuba, so ng'Obulokole bwava mu Bungereza mu Bukiikaddyo. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu 1964, Zambia yalaba okweyongera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibiina by'obuminsani ebirala okuva mu bitundu by'ensi ebitali bimu, naddala Amerika ey'Obukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. Mu byasa ebyaddirira, emirimu gy'obuminsani egy'Abazungu egyaddira abakkiriza ab'omu kitundu (okuggyako ebifo ebimu eby'obuminsani, gamba ng'abasawo). Oluvannyuma lwa Frederick Chiluba, Omukulisitaayo Omukristaayo, okufuuka pulezidenti mu 1991, ebibiina by'obuminsani eby'Abazungu byeyongera nnyo okwetooloola Zambia okuva mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu 1964, Zambia yalaba okweyongera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibiina by'obuminsani eby'Abazungu okuva mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani.<ref name="pentecostal">{{cite book |last=Steel |first=Matthew |year=2005 |title=Pentecostalism in Zambia: Power, Authority and the Overcomers |publisher=University of Wales |id=MSc Dissertation}}</ref> Eddiini z'Ekikristaayo ezimu ezirina abagoberezi batono mu nsi yonna zimanyiddwa nnyo mu Zambia. Eggwanga lino lirina abantu abawerako ab'enzikiriza y'eki Adiventi nga mu bibala ku Bazambia 18 osangamu 1 omu Adiventi.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 October 2012 |title=Zambia Union Conference&nbsp;– Adventist Directory |url=http://www.adventistdirectory.org/ViewAdmField.aspx?AdmFieldID=ZAUM |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427045842/https://www.adventistdirectory.org/ViewAdmField.aspx?AdmFieldID=ZAUM |archive-date=27 April 2023 |access-date=18 December 2012 |publisher=Adventistdirectory.org}}</ref> Ekkanisa y'Abalokole eya Central Africa erimu abagoberezi abasukka mu 11,000 mu ggwanga.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lutheran Church of Central Africa: Zambia |url=http://www.celc.info/site/cpage.asp?sec_id=180010197&cpage_id=180031341 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131193035/http://www.celc.info/site/cpage.asp?sec_id=180010197&cpage_id=180031341 |archive-date=31 January 2017 |publisher=Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference}}</ref> Abantu abasukka mu bitundu 12 ku buli kikumi mu Zambia basabira mu Kkanisa ya New Apostostoc Church.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hayashida |first=Nelson Osamu |date=1999 |title=Dreams in the African Literature: The Significance of Dreams and Visions Among Zambian Baptists |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CkNC6-Wmga4C&q=One+in+11+Zambians+is+a+member+of+the+New+Apostolic+Church&pg=PA36 |publisher=Rodopi |isbn=978-90-420-0596-9 |language=en |access-date=3 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518182155/https://books.google.com/books?id=CkNC6-Wmga4C&q=One+in+11+Zambians+is+a+member+of+the+New+Apostolic+Church&pg=PA36#v=snippet&q=One%20in%2011%20Zambians%20is%20a%20member%20of%20the%20New%20Apostolic%20Church&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nga balina abagoberezi abasukka mu kakadde kamu mu emitwalo abiri, eggwanga lirimu ekibiina ky'Abaseveniside ekisinga obunene mu Afirika, okuva ku bantu abasukka mu bukadde mwenda mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Membership figures of the global Church as at the end of 2009: New Apostolic Church International (NAC) |url=http://www.nak.org/news/naci-news/article/16710/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626032545/http://www.nak.org/news/naci-news/article/16710/ |archive-date=26 June 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.nak.org}}</ref> Abantu nga 2.7% ku Bannazambia Basiraamu, abasinga obungi nga Basunni n’abalala abatonotono nga Abaismaili ne Twelver Shia.<ref name="2023RIRF">{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2023-report-on-international-religious-freedom/zambia/ |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=United States Department of State |language=en-US}}</ref> Abasiraamu abali mu Zambia, abalina okubalibwa okw’omulundi ogumu nga 100,000 okusinziira ku kuteebereza okumu okwakolebwa, bazingiramu abanoonyi b’obubudamu okuva e Congo ne [[Somalia]], awamu n’abagwiira okuva mu South Asia ne mu ddungu ly'ebuwalabu abafuuse Bannazambia.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> Abahindu, abasinga obungi nga ba South Asian ancestry, baali nga 10,000 okusinziira ku kuteebereza okumu okwakolebwa, mu 2019.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> Ku ntikko y'akyo mu myaka gya 1960, Abayudaaya abaali mu Zambia abaali bawerera ddala 10,000 ng'abasinga baali basibuka mu Lithuania, Latvia ne Bugirimaani,<ref>{{cite web |last=Tutton |first=Mark |date=19 January 2012 |title=The forgotten story of Zambia's Jewish settlers |url=https://www.cnn.com/2012/01/19/world/africa/zambia-jewish-history/index.html |access-date=17 February 2025 |work=CNN}}</ref>okuva mu 2012 baali batono ddala okusinga Abazambia Abayudaaya ng'abasinga ku bbo baali bawangalira mu Lusaka mu matwale g'Obukiikakkono. Mu Zambia mulimu abantu batono ab'enzikiriza ya Baha ne Buddhists saako ne Sikhs.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> '''Ennimi''' Omuwendo omutuufu ogw'ennimi za Zambia tegumanyiddwa, wadde ng'ebiwandiiko bingi bigamba nti Zambia erina ennimi 73 ez’enjawulo; omuwendo guno guyinza okuba nga guva ku butawulira njawulo wakati w’ennimi n’ebigambo ebikozesebwa eby'enjawulo, nga basinziira ku kuba nti abantu basobola okutegeeragana nga boogera ennimi ez’enjawulo. Okusinziira ku kino, omuwendo gw’ennimi za Zambia guyinza okuba nga guli wakati wa 20 oba 30.<ref name="Chanda, Vincent M., and, Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. 2013 1–173">{{Cite book |author1=Chanda, Vincent M. |year=2013 |title=Speak Zambian Languages: Phrase Book in Bemba, Kaonde, Lozi, Luvale, Lunda, Nyanja and Tonga, all in one |author2=Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson |publisher=UNZA Press |isbn=978-9982-03-073-1 |location=Lusaka, Zambia |pages=1–173}}</ref> Olulimi olutongole mu Zambia lwe Lungereza, olukozesebwa mu bizinensi entongole, eby'enjigiriza, n’amateeka.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" />Olulimi olusinga okwogerwa mu Zambia, naddala mu Lusaka, lwe Lunyaanja (Chewa), oluddako Bemba. Mu birombe bya koppa, Bemba lwe lulimi olusinga okwogerwa era oluddako Nyanja. Olunyaanja n’Olubemba bye byogerwa mu bitundu eby’omu bibuga, okugatta ku nnimi endala eza wano ezaatera okwogerwa mu Zambia. Zino mulimu Lozi, Tumbuka, Kaonde, Tonga, Lunda ne Luvale, ezaalagibwa ku Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation (ZNBC) mu kitundu ky’ennimi za wano.<ref name="BritannicaPeople2">{{Cite web |title=Zambia – People |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambia/People |access-date=1 October 2024 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Chanda, Vincent M., and, Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. 2013 1–1732">{{Cite book |author1=Chanda, Vincent M. |year=2013 |title=Speak Zambian Languages: Phrase Book in Bemba, Kaonde, Lozi, Luvale, Lunda, Nyanja and Tonga, all in one |author2=Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson |publisher=UNZA Press |isbn=978-9982-03-073-1 |location=Lusaka, Zambia |pages=1–173}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. |year=2015 |title=The State of Affairs of Cultural Literacy in Zambia's Multicultural Education System. In A. L. Jotia and J. Dudu (Ed.), Multicultural Education Discourses: Breaking Barriers of Exclusion in Selected African Contexts |publisher=Zebra publishing (Pty) LTD |isbn=978-99945-84-99-4 |location=Windhoek, Namibia |pages=190–204}}</ref> Abasinga obungi bajja kwogera Olubemba n'Olunyanja mu Copperbelt; Olunyanja lusinga kwogerwa mu Lusaka ne mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia. Oluzungu lukozesebwa mu mpuliziganya entongole era lwe lulimi olusinga okwogerwa mu maka mu bantu abava mu mawanga ag'enjawulo. Okumelukawo kuno mu nnimi ereetedde olulimi olwogerwa mu Lusaka ne mu bibuga ebirala ebikulu. Abasinga obungi mu Zambia batera okwogera ennimi ezisukka mu lumu: olulimi olutongole, Oluzungu, n'olulimi olusinga okwogerwa mu kibuga oba mu kitundu gye babeera. Olupotugo luyigirizibwa ng'olulimi olw'okubiri mu masomo g'essomero olw'okubeerawo kw'Abangereza aboogera Olupotugo abangi mu Zambia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Actualités Afrique - Economie, sport, santé, politique |url=http://www.afriquejet.com/news/africa-news/zambia-to-introduce-portuguese-into-school-curriculum-2009041825794.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121208151924/http://www.afriquejet.com/news/africa-news/zambia-to-introduce-portuguese-into-school-curriculum-2009041825794.html |archive-date=2012-12-08 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.afriquejet.com |language=fr-fr}}</ref> '''Eby'enjigiriza''' Eddembe okufuna obuyigirize obwenkanankana era obumala eri bonna kikuumibwa mu ssemateeka wa Zambia.<ref>{{cite web |date=1996 |title=Laws of Zambia |url=http://www.parliament.gov.zm/acts/volumes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307105357/http://www.parliament.gov.zm/acts/volumes |archive-date=7 March 2016 |access-date=27 January 2016 |website=National Assembly of Zambia}}</ref> Etteeka ly’Obuyigirize erya 2011 likugira obuyigirize obwenkanankana era obw’omutindo.<ref>{{cite web |date=2011 |title=The Education Act (2011) |url=http://www.parliament.gov.zm/node/3324 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203063439/http://www.parliament.gov.zm/node/3324 |archive-date=3 February 2016 |access-date=27 January 2016 |website=National Assembly of Zambia}}</ref> Omutindo gw’obuyivu bw’olulimi Olungereza nga bwe gwali mu 2018 guli ebitundu 86.7%. Ensaasaanya ya gavumenti eya buli mwaka ku by'enjigiriza ebadde ya njawulo nnyo. Nga bwe kiri ebitundu ku mbalirira ya gavumenti, kyali ebitundu 19.6% mu 2006, ebitundu 15.3% mu 2011, n'ebitundu 20.2% mu 2015.<ref name="WorldBank_2015">{{cite report|author=<!--none listed-->|date=December 2015|title=Education Public Expenditure Review in Zambia|url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/431421468000590726/pdf/103870-PUB-PUBLIC-Education-Public-Expenditure-Review-in-Zambia.pdf|publisher=World Bank Group|page=36|access-date=2024-01-16|archive-date=16 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116202228/https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/431421468000590726/pdf/103870-PUB-PUBLIC-Education-Public-Expenditure-Review-in-Zambia.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Okutuuka mu 2020, ensaasaanya ku by'enjigiriza yali ebitundu 3.7% ku GDP. == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] 3f238hf3tpybpymt6rufvju0p797394 59366 59365 2026-07-06T17:16:14Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ekiba 59366 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Amawanga ga Luba-Lunda oluvannyuma gaakendeera olw'okutunda abaddu mu Atlantic mu Bugwanjuba ne mu Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba ne mu ntalo n'ebibinja ebyali byawuddwa ku bwakabaka. Aba Chokwe, ekibinja ekirina oluganda olw'okumpi ne Luvale era ne kitondebwawo ng'eggwanga lya Lunda satellite, mu kusooka gaakosebwa olw'obwetaavu bwabaddu eri Abazungu, naye bwe baawukana ku bwakabaka, bo bennyini baafuuka batunzi ba baddu abamanyiddwa ennyo, nga batunda abaddu ku mbalama zombi. Abachokwe oluvannyuma baawangulwa amawanga amalala n'Abaportugali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azuonye |first=Chukwuma |date=15 December 1996 |title=Chokwe: (Angola, Zambia) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ejao3vG6nfsC&pg=PA11 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-1990-1 |language=en}}</ref> Obutali butebenkevu buno bwaviirako okugwa kw'obwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'abantu okusaasaanira mu bitundu bya Zambia eby'enjawulo okuva mu Democratic Republic of the Congo. Abazambia abasinga obungi balina obuzaale mu bwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'obwakabaka obulala obuli mu Masekkati ga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1200, ng’eggwanga lya Luba-Lunda terinnatandikibwawo, ekibinja ky’aba Bantu baatandika okusenguka okuva mu Congo Basin okudda ku Nnyanja Mweru ate oluvannyuma ne basenga okumpi n’ennyanja Malawi. Abasenze bano balowoozebwa okuba nga baali abamu ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky’e Upemba mu Democratic Republic of Congo. Mu myaka gya 1400, ebibinja by’abasenze bano awamu baayitibwanga Maravi, era nga mu bo mwalimu Abachewa abaatandika okukoppa ebibinja by’aba Bantu nga Tumbuka.<ref name="Team">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 1480 Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwatandikibwawo kalonga (omukulu w'obwakabaka bwa Maravi) okuva mu kika kya Phiri, kimu ku bika ebikulu, ng'ebirala mulimu Banda, Mwale ne Nkhoma. Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwali buva ku Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Enkulaakulana y'ebyobufuzi ey'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi yali efaanana ey'Obwakabaka bwa Luba era kigambibwa nti bwavaayo. Ekyamaguzi ekikulu eky'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi kyali amasanga, agaatundibwanga okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Ekyuma nakyo kyakolebwanga era ne kitundibwa mu nsi endala. Mu myaka gya 1590, Abapotigo baagezaako okweddiza eby'obusuubuzi n’okutunda Maravi mu nsi endala. Okugezaako kuno kwaleetawo obusungu mu Maravi ab’e Lundu, abaasumulula eggye lyabwe erya WaZimba. WaZimba baalumba ebibuga by’Abapotigo eby’obusuubuzi nga Tete, Sena n’ebibuga ebirala bingi.<ref name="thinkafrica.net">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Abamaravi nabo bateeberezebwa okuba nga baaleeta obulombolombo obwandifuuse ekibiina kya Nyau eky'ekyama okuva e Upemba. Aba Nyau be bakola ku nzikiriza oba eddiini y'obuwangwa ey'abantu b'omu Maravi. Ekibiina kya Nyau kirimu okuzina okw'obulombolombo n'obukookolo obukozesebwa mu kuzina; enzikiriza eno yasaasaana okwetooloola ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maptia |title=The Secret Cult of Nyau Dancers |url=https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108130415/https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-date=8 November 2020 |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=Maptia |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwakendeera olw'enkaayana ezikwata ku busika mu mukago, okulumbibwa Ngoni n'okulumba abaddu okuva mu Yao.<ref name="thinkafrica.net2">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa ne Mfecane''' Ng'Obwakabaka bwa Great Zimbabwe bwali bukendedde, omu ku balangira baabwo, Nyatsimba Mutota, yava mu ggwanga n'atandikawo obwakabaka obupya obuyitibwa Mutapa. Ekitiibwa kya Mwene Mutapa, ekitegeeza "Omulumbaganyi w'Ensi", kyamuweebwa era n'abafuzi abaddirira.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mwene Matapa {{!}} historical dynastic title, southern Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520141810/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |archive-date=20 May 2023 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwafuganga ekitundu ekiri wakati w’Omugga Zambezi n’Omugga Limpopo, mu kitundu ekiriwo kati ekiyitibwa Zambia, Zimbabwe ne Mozambique, okuva mu kyasa ekya 14 okutuusa mu kyasa ekya 17. Mu ntikko yaabwo, Mutapa yali awambye ekitundu kya Dande eky’Omugga Tonga ne Tavara. Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwasinganga kwetaba mu by’obusuubuzi okusomoka Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okutuuka mu mawanga ag’omu Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Okufaananako abantu abaaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu mu Maravi, Mutapa yalina obuzibu n’abasuubuzi Abapotigo abaali bazze. Obutategeeragana buno we bwatuukira ku ntikko, Abapotigo baali bagezezzaako okukyusa mu nsonga z’omunda mu bwakabaka nga batandikawo obutale mu bwakabaka era nga bakyusa abantu okubayingiza Obukristaayo. Ekikolwa kino kyaleetawo obusungu mu Basiraamu AbaSwahili abaali babeera mu kibuga ekikulu, akavuyo kano kaawa Abapotigo ensonga gye baali banoonya okulumba obwakabaka era bagezeeko okufuga ebirombe by'abwo ebya zaabu n'enguudo awayitira amasanga. Obulumbaganyi buno bwagwa butaka Abapotigo bwe baalumbibwa endwadde nga bayita ku mugga Zambezi.<ref name="Mutapa">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1600 enkaayana ez'omunda n'olutalo lw'omunda byatandika okukendeera kwa Mutapa. Obwakabaka obwali bunafuye bwawangulwa Abapotigo era oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera bwatwalibwa amawanga ga Shona bwe baali bawalangana.<ref name="Mutapa2">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Abapotigo nabo baalina ettaka ddene, eryali limanyiddwa nga Prazos, era baakozesanga abaddu n'abaali abaddu ng'abakuumi n'abayizzi. Baatendekanga abasajja mu bukodyo bw'amagye era ne babawa emmundu. Abasajja bano baafuuka abayizzi b'enjovu abakugu era baali bamanyiddwa nga ba Chikunda. Oluvannyuma lw'okukendeera kw'Abapotigo, Chikunda baasobola okwesolossa munda mu Zambia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2019 |title=Chikunda |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227184451/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |archive-date=27 February 2021 |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Portugal okubeera mu kitundu ekyo kyali nsonga lwaki obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwatandikibwawo, eggwanga eryali lyetongodde ku Mutapa. Omukulembeze w'obwakabaka bwa Rozvi, Changamire Dombo, yafuuka omu ku bakulembeze abasingayo amaanyi mu byafaayo bya South-Central Africa. Wansi w'obukulembeze bwe, obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwawangula Abapotigo ne babaggya mu bifo mwe baali bakolera bizineesi ku mugga Zambezi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rozwi {{!}} historical state, Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125203243/https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |archive-date=25 January 2021 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Naye oboolyawo ekyokulabirako ekisinga okumanyibwa mu kino okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti kwe kweyongera kw’Abazulu wansi w’obukulembeze bwa Shaka. Okupikirizibwa okuva eri Abangereza abafuzi b’amatwale mu Cape ne okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti mu Bazulu kyavaako Mfecane (okunyigirizibwa). Abazulu beeyongera nga bayingiza abakazi n’abaana b’ebika bye baawangula, singa abasajja b’ebika bino ebya Nguni baawona okuttibwa, baakozesa obukodyo bw’amagye obw’Abazulu okulumba ebibinja ebirala.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Kino kyaviirako abantu bangi okusenguka, entalo n'obulumbaganyi mu Bukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati ne mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika nga ab'ekika kya Nguni oba Ngoni nga bakulembeddwamu Zwagendaba baasomoka omugga Zambezi nga batambulira mu Bukiikakkono. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni be baakuba ekibuga Maravi Empire ekyali kinafuye. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni abasinga obungi baasenga mu kitundu ekyali Zambia, [[Malawi]], [[Mozambique]] ne [[Tanzania]] era ne beegatta ku bika ebyali mu kitundu ekyo.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history2">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Zambia, ekibinja ekirala eky’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Afirika eky’Abasotho-Tswana abava mu Luba ne Lunda ezaagwa edda abayitibwa Abaluyana baawamba Kololo ne bamussaako olulimi Olukololo okutuusa Abaluyana lwe beekalakaasa ne baggyako Kololo mu kiseera kino olulimi Olukololo lwali lwerabiddwa era olulimi olupya olugattiddwa lwe lwavaamu, SiLozi era Abaluyana baatandika okweyita Abalozi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lozi {{!}} people |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528092724/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |archive-date=28 May 2023 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kya 18, Abamu ku Mbunda baasengukira mu Barotseland, Mongu oluvannyuma lw'okusenguka kw'abantu abalala, nga muno mwe muli, Ciyengele.<ref>'' The elites of Barotseland, 1878–1969: a political history of Zambia's Western Province'': a. Gerald L. Caplan, C. Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd, 1970, {{ISBN|0-900966-38-6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=maniacky |first=jacky |title=bantu zone K |url=http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140411045127/http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-date=2014-04-11 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.bantu-languages.com}}</ref> '''Ekiseera ky'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' '''Abazungu''' Omu ku Bulaaya abaasooka okuwandiikibwa nga baakyalako mu kitundu kino yali omuvumbuzi Omupotigo Francisco de Lacerda ku nkomerero y'ekyasa ekya 18. Lacerda yakulemberamu ekibinja ky'abavumbuzi okuva e Mozambique okutuuka mu kitundu ky'e Kazembe mu Zambia (nga balina ekiruubirirwa eky'okuvumbula n'okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa okuva ku lubalama lw'ennyanja okutuuka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja omulundi ogusooka),<ref>{{cite web |year=1798 |title=Instructions and Travel Diary that Governor Francisco Joze de Lacerda e Almeida Wrote about His Travel to the Center of Africa, Going to the River of Sena, in the Year of 1798 |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905135844/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |archive-date=5 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Library of Congress}}</ref> era n'afa mu kiseera ky'olugendo mu 1798. Olugendo luno okuva olwo lwakulemberwamu mukwano gwe Francisco Pinto.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hartnett |first=Craig |title=Portuguese Expedition to Northern Rhodesia, 1798–99 |url=http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924023553/http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Great North Road (GNR, Northern Rhodesia, Zambia) |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ekitundu kino, ekisangibwa wakati wa Mozambique ne [[Angola]], kyali kigambibwa nti kyali kya Bupotugo mu kiseera ekyo. Abalala abava mu Bulaaya baagoberera mu kyasa 19. Eyasinga okumanyika mu bano yali David Livingstone, eyalina okwolesebwa okw'okukomya okusuubula abaddu ng'ayita mu "3Cs": Obukristaayo, Ebyobusuubuzi, n'Obuwangwa. Ye Muzungu eyasooka okulaba ebisulo by'amazzi ebyewuunyisa ku Mugga Zambezi mu 1855, n'abyogerako bw'ati: "Ebifo ebirabika obulungi bityo biteekwa okuba nga byatunuulirwa bamalayika mu kudduka kwabwe".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Livingstone Discovers Victoria Falls, 1855 |url=http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522092057/http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |archive-date=22 May 2020 |access-date=28 May 2020 |website=EyeWitness to History}}</ref> Mu kitundu kino ebiyiriro bimanyiddwa nga "Mosi-o-Tunya" oba "omukka ogubwatuka" mu lulimi Lozi oba Kololo. Ekibuga Livingstone, okumpi n'ebiyiriro, kiyitibwa erinnya lye. Emboozi ezikwata ku ŋŋendo ze zaali zimanyiddwa nnyo ne kiviirako abagenyi bangi okuva mu Bulaaya, abaminsani, n'abasuubuzi oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwe mu 1873.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627015544/https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-date=27 June 2020 |website=The Provincial Administration Website}}</ref> '''Kampuni ya British South Africa Company''' Mu 1888, kampuni ya British South Africa Company (BSA Company), eyakulemberwa Cecil Rhodes, yafuna olukusa okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka okuva ku Litunga ow'abantu ba Lozi, omukulu w'essaza ly'abantu ba Lozi (Ba-rotse) mu kitundu ekyafuuka Barotziland-North-Western Rhodesia.<ref name="livingstone">{{cite web |author=Livingstone Tourism Association |title=Destination:Zambia&nbsp;– History and Culture |url=http://www.livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012153527/http://livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> Ebuvanjuba, mu Gwekkumineebiri 1897 ekibinja ky’Abangoni oba Abangoni (abaasibuka mu Zululand) beekalakaasa nga bakulemberwa Tsinco, mutabani wa Kabaka Mpezeni, naye obujeemu bwakomezebwawo,<ref name="unam">{{cite web |author1=Human Rights |author2=Documentation Centre |name-list-style=amp |title=Zambia: Historical Background |url=http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311093653/http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-date=11 March 2007 |access-date=14 January 2011}}</ref> era Mpezeni n’akkiriza Pax Britannica. Ekitundu ky’eggwanga ekyo kyatandika okumanyibwa nga Rhodesia ey'omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba. Mu 1895, Rhodes yasaba omusikawutu wa Omumerika Frederick Russell Burnham okunoonya eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka n’engeri y’okulongoosaamu entambula y’emigga mu kitundu ekyo, era mu lugendo luno mwe mwazuulibwa Frederick Russell Burnham eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka bingi ku mugga Kafue.<ref name="burnham1899">{{cite book |last=Burnham |first=Frederick Russell |author-link=Frederick Russell Burnham |year=1899 |title=Bulawayo Up-to-date; Being a General Sketch of Rhodesia |title-link=s:Northern Rhodesia |publisher=Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co. |editor-last=Wills |editor-first=Walter H. |pages=177–180 |chapter=Northern Rhodesia}}</ref> '''Obufuzi bw'amatwale ga Bungereza''' Mu 1953, okutondebwawo kwa Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland z'agatta wamu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono ne Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo, ne Nyasaland (kati Malawi) ng’ekitundu kimu ekyetongodde. Kino kyakolebwa wadde nga waaliwo okuwakanyizibwa okuva mu bantu abatono, abaakola okwekalakaasa okwaliwo mu 1960–61.<ref name="infoplease">{{cite web |author=Pearson Education |title=Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Federation of |url=http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012231959/http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> '''Obwetwaaze''' Omukago gwasaanyizibwawo nga 31 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, era mu Gwoluberyeberye 1964, Kaunda yawangula akalulu k'Obwaminisita bwa Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono. Gavana w'amatwale, Sir Evelyn Hone, yali mukwano nnyo gwa Kaunda era yamukubiriza okwesimbawo ku kifo ekyo. Mangu ddala oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, waaliwo okwekalakaasa mu Bukiikakkono bw'eggwanga eryo eryali limanyiddwa nga Lumpa Uprising nga lyali liduumirwa Alice Lenshina – Kaunda's first internal conflict as leader of the nation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2020 |title=Alice Lenshina |url=https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228081501/https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |archive-date=28 February 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=The British Empire}}</ref> Rhodesia yafuuka Republic of Zambia nga 24 Ogwekkumi 1964, nga Kenneth Kaunda ye pulezidenti eyasooka. Ku kufuna obwetwaze, wadde nga yalina ebyobugagga eby'omu ttaka ebingi, Zambia yasanga okusoomoozebwa okw'amaanyi. Munda mu ggwanga, waaliwo Abazambia abatendeke era abayivu abasukka mu 70,000 abaali basobola okuddukanya gavumenti, era ebyenfuna byali byesigamye nnyo ku bakugu okuva mu mawanga amalala. Obukugu buno bwaweebwa mu ngeri emu oba endala omubaka wa Bungereza mu Zambia John Willson.<ref>[http://www.chu.cam.ac.uk/archives/collections/BDOHP/Willson.pdf WILLSON, John Michael (born 15 July 1931)]{{Dead link|date=June 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}. BDOHP Biographical Details and Interview Index. chu.cam.ac.uk</ref> Waaliwo Abazungu abasukka mu 70,000 ababeera mu Zambia mu 1964, era baasigala nga ba mugaso nnyo mu byenfuna.<ref name="Zambia">{{Cite news|date=1964-10-25|title=1964: President Kaunda takes power in Zambia|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605125604/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-date=5 June 2013|access-date=2025-09-13|url-status=live|language=en-GB}}</ref> Kaunda okuwagira abayeekera ba Patriotic Front abaali bakola obulumbaganyi mu mawanga ag'omuliraano (Bukiikaddyo) Rhodesia kyaleetawo obunkenke mu by'obufuzi era ne kireetawo okukozesa amagye ku nsalo, era kino kyaviirako ensalo okuggalwa mu 1973.<ref name="blackfire">{{cite book |last=Raeburn |first=Michael |year=1978 |title=We are everywhere: Narratives from Rhodesian guerillas |url=https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-0-394-50530-5 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 1–209]}}</ref>Ebbibiro ly'amasannyalaze erya Kariba ku mugga Zambezi lyawa amasannyalaze agamala okukola ku byetaago by'eggwanga eby'amasannyalaze, wadde nga Rhodesia ye yali ekola ku by'amasannyalaze. Nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1978, ennyonyi ey'abantu ba bulijjo, Air Rhodesia Flight 825, yakubibwa amasasi okumpi ne Kariba abayeekera ba Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) abaakulemberwa Joshua Nkomo. Rhodesia yaddamu n'ekikwekweto kya Gatling, okulumba enkambi endala mu Zambia nga bakozesa amaanyi g'ennyonyi n'abajaasi abakugu mu kubuuka mu bbanga n'abajaasi abakugu mu kukozesa ennyonyi.<ref>{{cite web |title=GREEN LEADER. OPERATION GATLING, THE RHODESIAN MILITARY'S RESPONSE TO THE VISCOUNT TRAGEDY |url=http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125155440/http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-date=25 January 2017 |access-date=22 April 2017}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1970, Mozambique ne Angola zaali zifunye obwetwaze okuva ku Portugal. Gavumenti ya Rhodesia eyali esingamu abazungu, eyafulumya Ekirangiriro ky’Obwetwaze mu 1965, yakkiriza obufuzi obw’abantu abangi wansi w’Endagaano ya Lancaster House mu 1979.<ref name="zimstudy">{{cite book |last=Nelson |first=Harold |year=1983 |title=Zimbabwe: A Country Study |publisher=Claitors Publishing Division |isbn=978-0-16-001598-4 |pages=54–137}}</ref> Obukuubagano mu bitundu byombi ebyali bifugibwa Abapotigo n'olutalo lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwa [[Namibia]] byaviirako okuyingira kw'abanoonyi b'obubudamuera ne kyongera ku buzibu bw'ebyentambula. Oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Benguela, olwayita mu [[Angola]], lwaggalwawo ddala eri ebyentambula bya Zambia mu myaka gya 1970 egyali gisembayo. Zambia okuwagira ebibiina ebirwanyisa obusosoze mu mawanga nga African National Congress (ANC) era kyaleetawo obuzibu bw'ebyokwerinda ng'amagye ga South Africa Defence Force galumba ebifo ebitali bimu mu lutalo lw'okulwanyisa obwetwaze bwa Namibia.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Evans, M. |year=1984 |title=The Front-Line States, South Africa and Southern African Security: Military Prospects and Perspectives |url=http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/Journal%20of%20the%20University%20of%20Zimbabwe/vol12n1/juz012001002.pdf |journal=Zambezia |volume=12 |page=1}}</ref> '''Ebizibu by'ebyenfuna''' Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1970, omuwendo gwa kkopa, ekyamaguzi ekikulu ekiva mu Zambia, gwasereba nnyo mu nsi yonna. Mu mbeera ya Zambia, obungi bw'okutambuza kkopa eŋŋendo empanvu okutuuka mu katale kyali kizibu kinene. Zambia yasaba obuyambi okuva mu mawanga ag'ebweru n'ag'ensi yonna, naye, nga bbeeyi ya kkopa esigadde nga yasereba, kyeyongera okubeera ekizibu okusasula amabanja gaayo agaali geeyongera. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1990, wadde nga tewaaliwo kusonyiyibwa mabanja, ebbeyi ya kkopa eyali eva mu Zambia yali emu ku bintu ebyali bisinga okuba eby'ebbeeyi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia (12/08) |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625080205/https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |archive-date=25 June 2020 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> '''Okukola ku nsonga z'abantu''' Mu Gwomukaaga 1990, obwegugungo obwali buwakanya Kaunda bwatandika era abeekalakaasi bangi battibwa gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2020 |title=About Zambia |url=http://www.psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509233410/http://psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-date=9 May 2016 |access-date=20 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bartlett |first=David M. C. |date=2000 |title=Civil Society and Democracy: A Zambian Case Study |journal=Journal of Southern African Studies |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=429–446 |doi=10.1080/030570700750019655 |issn=0305-7070 |jstor=2637411 |s2cid=143480603}}</ref>Mu 1990, Kaunda yawona okulumbibwa amagye, era mu 1991, yakkiriza okuzzaawo enfuga ey'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, oluvannyuma lw'okussaawo enfuga ey'ekibiina ekimu wansi w'akakiiko ka Choma aka 1972. Oluvannyuma lw'okulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, Kaunda yaggyibwa mu woofiisi oluvannyuma lw'okuwangulwa mu kulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi Frederick Chiluba. Mu myaka gya 2000, ebyenfuna byanywerera, ne bituuka ku kweyongera kw'ebbeeyi y'ebintu mu 2006–2007, okweyongera kw'ebyenfuna, okukendeera kw'amagoba, n'okweyongera kw'omutindo gw'ebyobusuubuzi. Bingi ku kukulaakulana kuno kuvudde ku kusiga ensimbi okuva ebweru mu by'okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka n'okweyongera kw'emiwendo gy'ekikomo mu nsi yonna. Bino byonna byaleetera Zambia okusikirizibwa ennyo abagabi b'obuyambi era ne kireetera abasiga nsimbi okwongera okwesiga eggwanga lino. == Ebyobufuzi == Ebyobufuzi mu Zambia bitambulira mu nkola ey'omukulembeze w'eggwanga omukiise mu demokulasiya ow'eggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo, omukulembeze wa Zambia y'akulira eggwanga era akulira gavumenti mu ggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo. Gavumenti ekozesa obuyinza obw'okuteeka mu nkola, ate obuyinza obw'okukola amateeka buweebwa gavumenti ne paalamenti. Zambia yafuuka repubuliki oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu Gwekkumi 1964. Okuva mu 2011 okutuuka mu 2014, pulezidenti wa Zambia yali Michael Sata, okutuusa Sata lwe yafa nga 28 Ogwekkumi 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zambian President Michael Sata dies in London - BBC News|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705073526/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-date=2017-07-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=BBC News|language=en-GB}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Sata, omumyuka wa pulezidenti Guy Scott, Omuzambia ow'ensibuko y'Abasikawutu, yafuuka omukungu akola nga pulezidenti. Okulonda kwa pulezidenti kwaliwo nga 22 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015. Omugatte gw’abantu 11 abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti be beesimbawo mu kulonda era nga 24 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015, kyalangirirwa nti Edgar Chagwa Lungu yali awangudde okulonda okufuuka pulezidenti ow’omukaaga. Yawangula ebitundu 48.33% eby’obululu, ng’obululu 1.66% bwali bumusinga ku munnabyabufuzi akyasinze okuvuganya gavumenti, Hakainde Hichilema, eyafuna ebitundu 46.67%.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Defence Minister Lungu wins Zambia's disputed presidential race|url=http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305065726/http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-date=2016-03-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=Yahoo News|language=en-US}}</ref>Abantu abalala mwenda abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti baafuna obululu obutaweza na bitundu 1% ku bululu bwonna. Mu kulonda pkwaliwo mu Gwomunaana 2016 Zambian general election pulezidenti Edgar Lungu yawangula okulonda okw’omulundi ogw’okubiri. Omukago ogutaba ebibiina by’ebyobufuzi ogwa Patriotic Front (PF) gwagaana ebyali byogerwa ab’oludda oluvuganya gavumenti, UPND party.<ref name="bbc-15aug2016">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|title=Zambia's President Edgar Lungu declared election winner|work=BBC News|date=15 August 2016|access-date=17 May 2021|archive-date=26 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026223033/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021, okwalimu abalonzi 70% ku abo abaali basuubirwa, Hakainde Hichilema yawangula ebitundu 59% eby’obululu, ng’omuvuganya we eyali asingayo okuba ow’amaanyi, Edgar Chagwa Lungu, eyali pulezidenti mu kiseera ekyo, yafuna ebitundu 39% eby’obululu.<ref name="zm-elec-39">{{Cite news|url=https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm|title=Presidential Election Results|work=Electoral Commission of Zambia|date=16 August 2021|access-date=27 December 2021|archive-date=2 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102194510/https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm/}}</ref> Nga 16 Ogwomunaana Edgar Lungu yakkiriza mu kiwandiiko kye yafulumya ku ttivi, ng’aweereza ebbaluwa era ng’ayozayoza pulezidenti omulonde Hakainde Hichilema.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-08-16|title=Zambia election: Hakainde Hichilema beats President Edgar Lungu|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|access-date=2021-08-16|archive-date=24 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824152003/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|last=Kabwe|first=Zitto|author-link=Zitto Kabwe|user=zittokabwe|number=1426967254986629126|date=15 August 2021|title=#Zambia President @EdgarCLungu has conceded in a letter sent to now president elect @HHichilema of @UPNDZM. Once again Zambia has shown the world the level of its democratic maturity. Peaceful transfer of power is happening for third time in history. Congratulations Zambians|language=en|access-date=30 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827180204/https://twitter.com/zittokabwe/status/1426967254986629126|archive-date=27 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomunaana 2021, Hakainde Hichilema yalayizibwa nga pulezidenti wa Zambia omuggya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2021 |title=Zambia's Hakainde Hichilema sworn in as President in rare victory for an African opposition leader |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116213703/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |archive-date=16 November 2021 |access-date=16 November 2021}}</ref> '''Amaggye''' Mu 2019, Zambia yassa omukono ku ndagaano ya UN ekwata ku Kuziyiza eby'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa ebya Nukiriya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2017 |title=Chapter XXVI: Disarmament&nbsp;– No. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806220546/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |archive-date=6 August 2019 |access-date=18 October 2019 |publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection}}</ref> '''Amateeka n'eddembe ly'obuntu''' Gavumenti evunaanye abavumirira nga bakozesa ebigambo by'amateeka nti baali bawabya abantu. Amateeka agakwata ku kuwandiika ebintu ebikyamu gakozesebwa okukugira eddembe ly'okwogera ne bannamawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2015 |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225030706/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-date=2021-02-25 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=2009-2017.state.gov}}</ref> Ebikolwa eby'okweganza wakati w'abantu ab'ekikula ekimu kimenya mateeka eri abasajja n'abakazi mu Zambia.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 May 2016 |title=State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition |url=http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902183618/http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |archive-date=2 September 2017 |access-date=29 July 2017 |website=[[International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Daniel|last=Avery|title=71 Countries Where Homosexuality is Illegal|url=https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|work=Newsweek|date=4 April 2019|access-date=18 August 2019|archive-date=11 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211204842/https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|url-status=live}}</ref> Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu 2010 kwalaga nti ebitundu 2% ebya Bannansi ba Zambia bakitwala nti okulya ebisiyaga tekirina buzibu bwonna ku mpisa.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Meyer |first1=Birgit |date=2021 |title=What Is Religion in Africa? Relational Dynamics in an Entangled World |journal=Journal of Religion in Africa |publisher=Brill |volume=50 |issue=1–2 |pages=156–181 |doi=10.1163/15700666-12340184 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2019, kyategeezebwa nti Omubaka wa Amerika mu Zambia Daniel Lewis Foote "yakwatibwa ensisi" olw'engeri Zambia gy'ekuumamu abalyi b'ebisiyaga mu makomera. Oluvannyuma lw'okujulira ne kulema era nga n'abafumbo bano Japhet Chataba ne Steven Samba baasalirwa ekibonerezo kya kusibibwa emyaka 15 mu makomera, Foote yasaba gavumenti ya Zambia okuddamu okwekenneenya omusango guno n'amateeka ga Zambia agalwanyisa ebisiyaga. Foote yafuna obuzibu era n'asazaamu okujja mu bantu oluvannyuma lw'okutiisibwatiisibwa ku mikutu gya yintaneeti, era oluvannyuma lw'okulangirirwa Lungu nti y'omuntu ataagalwa mu ggwanga eryo.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 December 2019 |title=US recalls ambassador to Zambia after gay rights row |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231195603/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |archive-date=31 December 2019 |access-date=12 January 2020 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 2026, gavumenti ya Zambia yavumirirwa olw'okwongezaayo olukiiko olw'amaanyi olw'ensi yonna olw'eddembe ly'obuntu, RightsCon, ennaku musanvu zokka nga tezinnatuuka okubeerawo mu Lusaka. Olukiiko olwo oluvannyuma lwasazibwamu oluvannyuma lw'okumanya nti gavumenti ya Zambia yali esaba, kirabika nga kya kusaba kw'abakungu ba China, okulungamya n'okuggyako aboogezi okuva e Taiwan. Abakugu baayogedde ku kweraliikirira olw'okulondoola n'okweyongera kw'obulabe eri ebitongole by'obwanakyewa.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gault ·|first1=Matthew|title=World's Largest Digital Human Rights Conference Suddenly Canceled|url=https://www.404media.co/rightscon-human-rights-conference-suddenly-postponed/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=404 Media|date=29 April 2026|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Elliott|first1=Vittoria|title=The Chinese Government Just Got the World's Largest Digital Rights Conference Canceled|url=https://www.wired.com/story/the-chinese-government-pressured-zambia-to-cancel-the-worlds-largest-digital-rights-conference/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Wired|date=1 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hendrix|first1=Justin|title=RightsCon Canceled After Zambia Requires 'Full Alignment' With 'National Values'|url=https://www.techpolicy.press/rightscon-canceled-after-zambia-requires-full-alignment-with-national-values/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Tech Policy Press|date=30 April 2026|language=en}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo by'abantu''' Okusinziira ku kubala abantu okwa 2022 mu Zambia, omuwendo gw'abantu mu Zambia gwali 19,610,769.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia's Population up to 19,610,769 in 2022 from 13,092,666 in 2010 – Zambia Statistics Agency |url=https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305022051/https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |archive-date=5 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ebibinja by'abantu ebisinga obunene mu Zambia beebo abayitibwa Bemba obukadde 3.3 (33.6%), Nyanja obukadde 1.8 (18.2%), Tonga obukadde 1.7 (16.8%), Abantu ab’omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba 1,000,000 (10.3%), Abalozii (Barotse) 770,000 (7.8%), Abamabwe 580,000 (5.9%), Abatumbuka 500,000 (5.1%), Abalamba 165,000 (2%), Abayindi 11,900 n’Abazungu 6,200.<ref>{{cite journal |date=2 November 2023 |title=Zambia |url=https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909114747/https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |archive-date=9 September 2023 |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=minorityrights.org}}</ref> Zambia y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubeeramu abantu mu bibuga mu Afirika eri wansi wa Sahara, ng'ebitundu 44% eby'abantu babeera mu bitundu ebisinga okubeeramu entambula, so ng'ate ebyalo birimu abantu batono nnyo. Omuwendo gw'abaana abazaalibwa gwali 6.2 mu 2007 (6.1 mu 1996, 5.9 mu 2001–02).<ref>{{cite web |title=Welcome to the Official site of Zambian Statistics |url=http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113144454/http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-date=13 November 2014 |access-date=11 April 2014 |publisher=Zamstats.gov.zm}}</ref> '''Ebibuga ebisinga obunene''' Okutandika kw'okuyiikuula ekikomo mu makolero ku Copperbelt mu myaka gya 1920 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga. Wadde ng'okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga kwali kuteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, kyali kinene nnyo.[1] Ebibuga ebikolebwamu eby'obugagga ku Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali eteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, yali nnene nnyo.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Potts |first=Deborah |date=2005 |title=Counter-urbanisation on the Zambian Copperbelt? Interpretations and implications |journal=Urban Studies |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=583–609 |bibcode=2005UrbSt..42..583P |doi=10.1080/00420980500060137 |s2cid=154412136}}</ref> Ebibuga ebirimu ebirombe bya Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali y'etoloolera ku gaali z'omukka n'enguudo okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwe bironbe bya kkoppa okuyita mu Kapiri Mposhi, Lusaka, Choma ne Livingstone. '''Ebibinja by'abantu''' Zambia elimu ebika nga 73,<ref name="BritannicaPeople">{{Cite web |title=Zambia – People |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambia/People |access-date=1 October 2024 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref><ref name="epr">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> wadde mu nkola waliwo ebibinja ebitono ebirabika obulungi.[2] Abazambia abasinga boogera Olubantu.<ref name="epr2">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ebibinja ebisinga obunene mu lulimi bye Bemba, Nyanja (era ekiyitibwa Chewa), ne Tonga; ebibinja ebirala ebitali binene nnyo bye Kaonde, Lozi, Luanda, ne Luvale.[2]<ref name="epr" /> Mu 2010, omuwendo gw'abantu gwateeberezebwa okuba ebitundu 21% Bemba, ebitundu 13.6% Tonga, ebitundu 7.4% Chewa, ebitundu 5.7% Lozi, ebitundu 5.3% Nsenga, ebitundu 4.4% Tumbuka, ebitundu 4.0% Ngoni, ne 38.6% abalala.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Bemba kye kisinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkono, Luapula, ne Copperbelt; ekibinja kya Tonga mu bitundu by'Obukiikaddyo, n'eby'Obugwanjuba; n'ekibinja kya Lozi mu bitundu by'Obugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Tumbuka ekitono ennyo kisangibwa mu kiwonvu kya Luangwa mu Buvanjuba.[2] Tewali kibinja ky'abantu aboogera olulimi olumu abasinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ebitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba tebirimu bantu bangi nnyo.<ref name="epr3">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ng’oggyeko olulimi, obuwangwa bukulu mu Zambia.<ref name="epr3" />Obuwangwa buno batera okubukwataganya n’obwesigwa bw’amaka oba n’ab’obuyinza eb'ennono. Obuwangwa buno busengekeddwa mu bibinja by’ennimi ebikulu.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Posner |first=Daniel N. |date=2005-06-06 |title=Institutions and Ethnic Politics in Africa |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-83398-1 |language=en |doi=10.1017/CBO9780511808661 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083432/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |archive-date=2023-03-21}}</ref> Abagwiira, okusingira ddala Abangereza oba Aba South Afrika, wamu n'abamu ku bannansi ba Zambia abeeru Abazungu abava mu Bungereza, babeera nnyo mu Lusaka ne mu Copperbelt mu Bukiikakkono bwa Zambia, gye baba nga bakola mu birombe, mu by'ensimbi n'emirimu emirala egifaananako bwe gityo oba nga bawummudde. Waaliwo Abazungu 70,000 mu Zambia mu 1964, naye bangi okuva olwo bavudde mu ggwanga.<ref name="Zambia" /> Zambia erina abantu abatono naye nga balina omugaso mu byenfuna abava mu Asia, abasinga obungi ku bo Buhindi ne Bachina. Ekibinja kino eky’abantu abatono ky'ekikyasinze okufuga eby’enfuna nga kye kikola ku by’okutunda ebintu. Kiteeberezebwa nti Abachina nga 80,000 be baali babeera mu Zambia mu 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ZAMBIA: Zambians wary of |url=http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910230935/http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-date=2011-09-10 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=IRINnews}}</ref> Mu myaka egiyise, ebikumi n’ebikumi by’abalimi abazungu abaali bagobeddwa mu Zimbabwe baasengukira e Zambia oluvannyuma lw’okuyitibwa gavumenti ya Zambia, okutandika okulima mu matwae g'omu Bukiikaddyo.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zim's Loss, Zam's gain: White Zimbabweans making good in Zambia|date=June 2004|newspaper=The Economist|access-date=28 August 2009|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110215085211/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-date=15 February 2011}}</ref><ref name="Spiegel">{{Cite news|title=Settling in Zambia: Zimbabwe's Displaced Farmers Find a New Home|last=Thielke|first=Thilo|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|date=27 December 2004|access-date=28 August 2009|periodical=[[Der Spiegel]]|archive-date=19 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619050250/http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza okwalebwa ku banoonyi b'obubuddamu mu 2009 ekyakubibwa akakiikio ka America akavunanyizibwa ku banoonyi b'obubudamu n'abagwiira eka U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, Zambia yalina omuwendo gw’abanoonyi b’obubudamu n’abanoonya obubudamu nga bali 88,900. Abanoonyi b’obubudamu abasinga obungi mu ggwanga baava mu Democratic Republic of the Congo (ababundabunda 47,300 okuva mu DRC ng'ababeera mu Zambia mu 2007), Angola (27,100 Bannangola Zambia), Zimbabwe (5,400) ne Rwanda (4,900).<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009">{{cite news|title=World Refugee Survey 2009|publisher=U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants|url=http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211175633/http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-date=11 December 2013}}</ref> Bannansi ba Zambia okutwaliza awamu baaniriza abagwira. Okutandika mu Gwokutaano 2008, omuwendo gw'Abazimbabwe mu Zambia gwatandika okulinnya ennyo; okuyingira kwali kusinga kw'Abazimbabwe abaali babeera mu South Africa abaali badduka obutabanguko obwali mu ggwanga eryo.<ref name="IRIN">{{Cite news|title=Zambia: Rising levels of resentment towards Zimbabweans|date=9 June 2008|access-date=7 August 2023|periodical=[[The New Humanitarian|IRIN News]]|url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2008/06/09/rising-levels-resentment-towards-zimbabweans|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930005909/http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=78648|archive-date=2009-09-30}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Kumpi abanoonyi b'obubudamo 60,000 babeera mu nkambi mu Zambia, ate 50,000 babeera mu bantu ba bulijjo. Abanoonyi b'obubudamo abaagala okukola mu Zambia balina okusaba olukusa saako n'ebiwandiiko ebikukkiriza okukola nga bino biyinza okutwala ddoola 500 buli mwaka.<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009" /> '''Eddiini''' Zambia mu butongole "eggwanga ery'Ekiikuristaayo" wansi wa Ssemateeka w'eggwanga owa 1996, naye essa ekitiibwa mu kukuuma eddembe ly'eddiini n'okusinza.<ref>{{cite web |date=30 June 2008 |title=Constitution of Zambia, 1991(Amended to 1996) |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105055544/http://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |archive-date=5 November 2012 |access-date=18 December 2012 |publisher=Scribd.com}}</ref> Zambia lye ggwanga lyokka mu Afirika erirangirira Obukristaayo ng'eddiini y'eggwanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Haynes |first=N. |date=2021 |title=Taking Dominion in a Christian Nation: North American Political Theology in an African Context |journal=Pneuma |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=214–232 |doi=10.1163/15700747-bja10036 |hdl=20.500.11820/48b556a6-cf81-4058-bf5b-894934a35ca0 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ekitongole kya Zambia ekivunaanyizibwa ku kubala abantu ekya Zambia Statistics Agency mu 2022 kyabalirira nti 98.0% ku Bannazambia Bakristaayo, nga 74.5% Bapulotesitanti, 17.9% Bakatoliki ate 5.6% Bajulirwa ba Yakuwa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2025-07-24 |title=RELIGIOUS LANDSCAPE OF ZAMBIA: AN ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF THE 2022 CENSUS FINDINGS |url=https://www.amulufeblog.com/2025/07/religious-landscape-of-zambia.html |access-date=2026-02-12 |website=Amulufeblog |language=en}}</ref> Enzikiriza z'ekikulisitaayo mu Zambia mulimu Apolotesitante, Abavangelika saako n'Abapentecoote.<ref name=":1" /> Obukristaayo bwatuuka mu Zambia okuyita mu bufuzi bw'amatwale obw'Abazungu, era enjawulo yaakyo ey'ebibiina eby'enjawulo eraga enkyukakyuka mu nkola y'obuminsani; okugeza, Obukatoliki bwava mu Mozambique ey'Abaportugalezi mu Buvanjuba, so ng'Obulokole bwava mu Bungereza mu Bukiikaddyo. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu 1964, Zambia yalaba okweyongera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibiina by'obuminsani ebirala okuva mu bitundu by'ensi ebitali bimu, naddala Amerika ey'Obukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. Mu byasa ebyaddirira, emirimu gy'obuminsani egy'Abazungu egyaddira abakkiriza ab'omu kitundu (okuggyako ebifo ebimu eby'obuminsani, gamba ng'abasawo). Oluvannyuma lwa Frederick Chiluba, Omukulisitaayo Omukristaayo, okufuuka pulezidenti mu 1991, ebibiina by'obuminsani eby'Abazungu byeyongera nnyo okwetooloola Zambia okuva mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu 1964, Zambia yalaba okweyongera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibiina by'obuminsani eby'Abazungu okuva mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani.<ref name="pentecostal">{{cite book |last=Steel |first=Matthew |year=2005 |title=Pentecostalism in Zambia: Power, Authority and the Overcomers |publisher=University of Wales |id=MSc Dissertation}}</ref> Eddiini z'Ekikristaayo ezimu ezirina abagoberezi batono mu nsi yonna zimanyiddwa nnyo mu Zambia. Eggwanga lino lirina abantu abawerako ab'enzikiriza y'eki Adiventi nga mu bibala ku Bazambia 18 osangamu 1 omu Adiventi.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 October 2012 |title=Zambia Union Conference&nbsp;– Adventist Directory |url=http://www.adventistdirectory.org/ViewAdmField.aspx?AdmFieldID=ZAUM |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427045842/https://www.adventistdirectory.org/ViewAdmField.aspx?AdmFieldID=ZAUM |archive-date=27 April 2023 |access-date=18 December 2012 |publisher=Adventistdirectory.org}}</ref> Ekkanisa y'Abalokole eya Central Africa erimu abagoberezi abasukka mu 11,000 mu ggwanga.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lutheran Church of Central Africa: Zambia |url=http://www.celc.info/site/cpage.asp?sec_id=180010197&cpage_id=180031341 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131193035/http://www.celc.info/site/cpage.asp?sec_id=180010197&cpage_id=180031341 |archive-date=31 January 2017 |publisher=Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference}}</ref> Abantu abasukka mu bitundu 12 ku buli kikumi mu Zambia basabira mu Kkanisa ya New Apostostoc Church.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hayashida |first=Nelson Osamu |date=1999 |title=Dreams in the African Literature: The Significance of Dreams and Visions Among Zambian Baptists |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CkNC6-Wmga4C&q=One+in+11+Zambians+is+a+member+of+the+New+Apostolic+Church&pg=PA36 |publisher=Rodopi |isbn=978-90-420-0596-9 |language=en |access-date=3 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518182155/https://books.google.com/books?id=CkNC6-Wmga4C&q=One+in+11+Zambians+is+a+member+of+the+New+Apostolic+Church&pg=PA36#v=snippet&q=One%20in%2011%20Zambians%20is%20a%20member%20of%20the%20New%20Apostolic%20Church&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nga balina abagoberezi abasukka mu kakadde kamu mu emitwalo abiri, eggwanga lirimu ekibiina ky'Abaseveniside ekisinga obunene mu Afirika, okuva ku bantu abasukka mu bukadde mwenda mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Membership figures of the global Church as at the end of 2009: New Apostolic Church International (NAC) |url=http://www.nak.org/news/naci-news/article/16710/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626032545/http://www.nak.org/news/naci-news/article/16710/ |archive-date=26 June 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.nak.org}}</ref> Abantu nga 2.7% ku Bannazambia Basiraamu, abasinga obungi nga Basunni n’abalala abatonotono nga Abaismaili ne Twelver Shia.<ref name="2023RIRF">{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2023-report-on-international-religious-freedom/zambia/ |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=United States Department of State |language=en-US}}</ref> Abasiraamu abali mu Zambia, abalina okubalibwa okw’omulundi ogumu nga 100,000 okusinziira ku kuteebereza okumu okwakolebwa, bazingiramu abanoonyi b’obubudamu okuva e Congo ne [[Somalia]], awamu n’abagwiira okuva mu South Asia ne mu ddungu ly'ebuwalabu abafuuse Bannazambia.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> Abahindu, abasinga obungi nga ba South Asian ancestry, baali nga 10,000 okusinziira ku kuteebereza okumu okwakolebwa, mu 2019.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> Ku ntikko y'akyo mu myaka gya 1960, Abayudaaya abaali mu Zambia abaali bawerera ddala 10,000 ng'abasinga baali basibuka mu Lithuania, Latvia ne Bugirimaani,<ref>{{cite web |last=Tutton |first=Mark |date=19 January 2012 |title=The forgotten story of Zambia's Jewish settlers |url=https://www.cnn.com/2012/01/19/world/africa/zambia-jewish-history/index.html |access-date=17 February 2025 |work=CNN}}</ref>okuva mu 2012 baali batono ddala okusinga Abazambia Abayudaaya ng'abasinga ku bbo baali bawangalira mu Lusaka mu matwale g'Obukiikakkono. Mu Zambia mulimu abantu batono ab'enzikiriza ya Baha ne Buddhists saako ne Sikhs.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> '''Ennimi''' Omuwendo omutuufu ogw'ennimi za Zambia tegumanyiddwa, wadde ng'ebiwandiiko bingi bigamba nti Zambia erina ennimi 73 ez’enjawulo; omuwendo guno guyinza okuba nga guva ku butawulira njawulo wakati w’ennimi n’ebigambo ebikozesebwa eby'enjawulo, nga basinziira ku kuba nti abantu basobola okutegeeragana nga boogera ennimi ez’enjawulo. Okusinziira ku kino, omuwendo gw’ennimi za Zambia guyinza okuba nga guli wakati wa 20 oba 30.<ref name="Chanda, Vincent M., and, Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. 2013 1–173">{{Cite book |author1=Chanda, Vincent M. |year=2013 |title=Speak Zambian Languages: Phrase Book in Bemba, Kaonde, Lozi, Luvale, Lunda, Nyanja and Tonga, all in one |author2=Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson |publisher=UNZA Press |isbn=978-9982-03-073-1 |location=Lusaka, Zambia |pages=1–173}}</ref> Olulimi olutongole mu Zambia lwe Lungereza, olukozesebwa mu bizinensi entongole, eby'enjigiriza, n’amateeka.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" />Olulimi olusinga okwogerwa mu Zambia, naddala mu Lusaka, lwe Lunyaanja (Chewa), oluddako Bemba. Mu birombe bya koppa, Bemba lwe lulimi olusinga okwogerwa era oluddako Nyanja. Olunyaanja n’Olubemba bye byogerwa mu bitundu eby’omu bibuga, okugatta ku nnimi endala eza wano ezaatera okwogerwa mu Zambia. Zino mulimu Lozi, Tumbuka, Kaonde, Tonga, Lunda ne Luvale, ezaalagibwa ku Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation (ZNBC) mu kitundu ky’ennimi za wano.<ref name="BritannicaPeople2">{{Cite web |title=Zambia – People |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambia/People |access-date=1 October 2024 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Chanda, Vincent M., and, Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. 2013 1–1732">{{Cite book |author1=Chanda, Vincent M. |year=2013 |title=Speak Zambian Languages: Phrase Book in Bemba, Kaonde, Lozi, Luvale, Lunda, Nyanja and Tonga, all in one |author2=Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson |publisher=UNZA Press |isbn=978-9982-03-073-1 |location=Lusaka, Zambia |pages=1–173}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. |year=2015 |title=The State of Affairs of Cultural Literacy in Zambia's Multicultural Education System. In A. L. Jotia and J. Dudu (Ed.), Multicultural Education Discourses: Breaking Barriers of Exclusion in Selected African Contexts |publisher=Zebra publishing (Pty) LTD |isbn=978-99945-84-99-4 |location=Windhoek, Namibia |pages=190–204}}</ref> Abasinga obungi bajja kwogera Olubemba n'Olunyanja mu Copperbelt; Olunyanja lusinga kwogerwa mu Lusaka ne mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia. Oluzungu lukozesebwa mu mpuliziganya entongole era lwe lulimi olusinga okwogerwa mu maka mu bantu abava mu mawanga ag'enjawulo. Okumelukawo kuno mu nnimi ereetedde olulimi olwogerwa mu Lusaka ne mu bibuga ebirala ebikulu. Abasinga obungi mu Zambia batera okwogera ennimi ezisukka mu lumu: olulimi olutongole, Oluzungu, n'olulimi olusinga okwogerwa mu kibuga oba mu kitundu gye babeera. Olupotugo luyigirizibwa ng'olulimi olw'okubiri mu masomo g'essomero olw'okubeerawo kw'Abangereza aboogera Olupotugo abangi mu Zambia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Actualités Afrique - Economie, sport, santé, politique |url=http://www.afriquejet.com/news/africa-news/zambia-to-introduce-portuguese-into-school-curriculum-2009041825794.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121208151924/http://www.afriquejet.com/news/africa-news/zambia-to-introduce-portuguese-into-school-curriculum-2009041825794.html |archive-date=2012-12-08 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.afriquejet.com |language=fr-fr}}</ref> '''Eby'enjigiriza''' Eddembe okufuna obuyigirize obwenkanankana era obumala eri bonna kikuumibwa mu ssemateeka wa Zambia.<ref>{{cite web |date=1996 |title=Laws of Zambia |url=http://www.parliament.gov.zm/acts/volumes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307105357/http://www.parliament.gov.zm/acts/volumes |archive-date=7 March 2016 |access-date=27 January 2016 |website=National Assembly of Zambia}}</ref> Etteeka ly’Obuyigirize erya 2011 likugira obuyigirize obwenkanankana era obw’omutindo.<ref>{{cite web |date=2011 |title=The Education Act (2011) |url=http://www.parliament.gov.zm/node/3324 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203063439/http://www.parliament.gov.zm/node/3324 |archive-date=3 February 2016 |access-date=27 January 2016 |website=National Assembly of Zambia}}</ref> Omutindo gw’obuyivu bw’olulimi Olungereza nga bwe gwali mu 2018 guli ebitundu 86.7%. Ensaasaanya ya gavumenti eya buli mwaka ku by'enjigiriza ebadde ya njawulo nnyo. Nga bwe kiri ebitundu ku mbalirira ya gavumenti, kyali ebitundu 19.6% mu 2006, ebitundu 15.3% mu 2011, n'ebitundu 20.2% mu 2015.<ref name="WorldBank_2015">{{cite report|author=<!--none listed-->|date=December 2015|title=Education Public Expenditure Review in Zambia|url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/431421468000590726/pdf/103870-PUB-PUBLIC-Education-Public-Expenditure-Review-in-Zambia.pdf|publisher=World Bank Group|page=36|access-date=2024-01-16|archive-date=16 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116202228/https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/431421468000590726/pdf/103870-PUB-PUBLIC-Education-Public-Expenditure-Review-in-Zambia.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Okutuuka mu 2020, ensaasaanya ku by'enjigiriza yali ebitundu 3.7% ku GDP. '''Eby'obulamu''' Zambia eri mu kiseera ky’okubalukawo kw’ekirwadde kya mukenenya, ng’omuwendo gw’abantu abalina akawuka ka mukenenya mu ggwanga lyonna guli ebitundu 12.10 ku buli kikumi mu bantu abakulu.[1] Kyokka, eggwanga lino likoze enkulaakulana mu myaka ekkumi egiyise: Omuwendo gw’abantu abalina akawuka ka mukenenya mu bantu abakulu abali wakati w’emyaka 15–49 gukendedde okutuuka ku bitundu 13 ku buli kikumi mu 2013/14, bw’ogeraageranya n’ebitundu 16 ku buli kikumi emyaka nga kkumi emabega.[2] Ebiva mu bujjanjabi ebirala nabyo bikulakulanye nnyo, newankubadde nga bikyali bibi nnyo okusinzila ku mutindo gw’ensi yonna. Omuwendo gw’abantu abafa nga bazaala guli 135 ku buli kikumi mu 2020 nga bagerageranya n’abantu 169 mu 2014 ne 296 mu 2007;[3] mu myaka egyo emabega, omuwendo gw’abantu abafa nga bazaala guli 59.3 ku buli kikumi mu 2020 nga bagerageranya n’abantu 69.2 ne 93.3 mu 2014 ne 2007.[4] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] nn6o5bex8ibv3r3vc645dsm41g2qd84 59369 59366 2026-07-06T17:19:52Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 59369 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Amawanga ga Luba-Lunda oluvannyuma gaakendeera olw'okutunda abaddu mu Atlantic mu Bugwanjuba ne mu Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba ne mu ntalo n'ebibinja ebyali byawuddwa ku bwakabaka. Aba Chokwe, ekibinja ekirina oluganda olw'okumpi ne Luvale era ne kitondebwawo ng'eggwanga lya Lunda satellite, mu kusooka gaakosebwa olw'obwetaavu bwabaddu eri Abazungu, naye bwe baawukana ku bwakabaka, bo bennyini baafuuka batunzi ba baddu abamanyiddwa ennyo, nga batunda abaddu ku mbalama zombi. Abachokwe oluvannyuma baawangulwa amawanga amalala n'Abaportugali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azuonye |first=Chukwuma |date=15 December 1996 |title=Chokwe: (Angola, Zambia) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ejao3vG6nfsC&pg=PA11 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-1990-1 |language=en}}</ref> Obutali butebenkevu buno bwaviirako okugwa kw'obwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'abantu okusaasaanira mu bitundu bya Zambia eby'enjawulo okuva mu Democratic Republic of the Congo. Abazambia abasinga obungi balina obuzaale mu bwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'obwakabaka obulala obuli mu Masekkati ga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1200, ng’eggwanga lya Luba-Lunda terinnatandikibwawo, ekibinja ky’aba Bantu baatandika okusenguka okuva mu Congo Basin okudda ku Nnyanja Mweru ate oluvannyuma ne basenga okumpi n’ennyanja Malawi. Abasenze bano balowoozebwa okuba nga baali abamu ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky’e Upemba mu Democratic Republic of Congo. Mu myaka gya 1400, ebibinja by’abasenze bano awamu baayitibwanga Maravi, era nga mu bo mwalimu Abachewa abaatandika okukoppa ebibinja by’aba Bantu nga Tumbuka.<ref name="Team">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 1480 Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwatandikibwawo kalonga (omukulu w'obwakabaka bwa Maravi) okuva mu kika kya Phiri, kimu ku bika ebikulu, ng'ebirala mulimu Banda, Mwale ne Nkhoma. Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwali buva ku Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Enkulaakulana y'ebyobufuzi ey'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi yali efaanana ey'Obwakabaka bwa Luba era kigambibwa nti bwavaayo. Ekyamaguzi ekikulu eky'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi kyali amasanga, agaatundibwanga okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Ekyuma nakyo kyakolebwanga era ne kitundibwa mu nsi endala. Mu myaka gya 1590, Abapotigo baagezaako okweddiza eby'obusuubuzi n’okutunda Maravi mu nsi endala. Okugezaako kuno kwaleetawo obusungu mu Maravi ab’e Lundu, abaasumulula eggye lyabwe erya WaZimba. WaZimba baalumba ebibuga by’Abapotigo eby’obusuubuzi nga Tete, Sena n’ebibuga ebirala bingi.<ref name="thinkafrica.net">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Abamaravi nabo bateeberezebwa okuba nga baaleeta obulombolombo obwandifuuse ekibiina kya Nyau eky'ekyama okuva e Upemba. Aba Nyau be bakola ku nzikiriza oba eddiini y'obuwangwa ey'abantu b'omu Maravi. Ekibiina kya Nyau kirimu okuzina okw'obulombolombo n'obukookolo obukozesebwa mu kuzina; enzikiriza eno yasaasaana okwetooloola ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maptia |title=The Secret Cult of Nyau Dancers |url=https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108130415/https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-date=8 November 2020 |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=Maptia |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwakendeera olw'enkaayana ezikwata ku busika mu mukago, okulumbibwa Ngoni n'okulumba abaddu okuva mu Yao.<ref name="thinkafrica.net2">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa ne Mfecane''' Ng'Obwakabaka bwa Great Zimbabwe bwali bukendedde, omu ku balangira baabwo, Nyatsimba Mutota, yava mu ggwanga n'atandikawo obwakabaka obupya obuyitibwa Mutapa. Ekitiibwa kya Mwene Mutapa, ekitegeeza "Omulumbaganyi w'Ensi", kyamuweebwa era n'abafuzi abaddirira.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mwene Matapa {{!}} historical dynastic title, southern Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520141810/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |archive-date=20 May 2023 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwafuganga ekitundu ekiri wakati w’Omugga Zambezi n’Omugga Limpopo, mu kitundu ekiriwo kati ekiyitibwa Zambia, Zimbabwe ne Mozambique, okuva mu kyasa ekya 14 okutuusa mu kyasa ekya 17. Mu ntikko yaabwo, Mutapa yali awambye ekitundu kya Dande eky’Omugga Tonga ne Tavara. Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwasinganga kwetaba mu by’obusuubuzi okusomoka Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okutuuka mu mawanga ag’omu Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Okufaananako abantu abaaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu mu Maravi, Mutapa yalina obuzibu n’abasuubuzi Abapotigo abaali bazze. Obutategeeragana buno we bwatuukira ku ntikko, Abapotigo baali bagezezzaako okukyusa mu nsonga z’omunda mu bwakabaka nga batandikawo obutale mu bwakabaka era nga bakyusa abantu okubayingiza Obukristaayo. Ekikolwa kino kyaleetawo obusungu mu Basiraamu AbaSwahili abaali babeera mu kibuga ekikulu, akavuyo kano kaawa Abapotigo ensonga gye baali banoonya okulumba obwakabaka era bagezeeko okufuga ebirombe by'abwo ebya zaabu n'enguudo awayitira amasanga. Obulumbaganyi buno bwagwa butaka Abapotigo bwe baalumbibwa endwadde nga bayita ku mugga Zambezi.<ref name="Mutapa">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1600 enkaayana ez'omunda n'olutalo lw'omunda byatandika okukendeera kwa Mutapa. Obwakabaka obwali bunafuye bwawangulwa Abapotigo era oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera bwatwalibwa amawanga ga Shona bwe baali bawalangana.<ref name="Mutapa2">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Abapotigo nabo baalina ettaka ddene, eryali limanyiddwa nga Prazos, era baakozesanga abaddu n'abaali abaddu ng'abakuumi n'abayizzi. Baatendekanga abasajja mu bukodyo bw'amagye era ne babawa emmundu. Abasajja bano baafuuka abayizzi b'enjovu abakugu era baali bamanyiddwa nga ba Chikunda. Oluvannyuma lw'okukendeera kw'Abapotigo, Chikunda baasobola okwesolossa munda mu Zambia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2019 |title=Chikunda |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227184451/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |archive-date=27 February 2021 |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Portugal okubeera mu kitundu ekyo kyali nsonga lwaki obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwatandikibwawo, eggwanga eryali lyetongodde ku Mutapa. Omukulembeze w'obwakabaka bwa Rozvi, Changamire Dombo, yafuuka omu ku bakulembeze abasingayo amaanyi mu byafaayo bya South-Central Africa. Wansi w'obukulembeze bwe, obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwawangula Abapotigo ne babaggya mu bifo mwe baali bakolera bizineesi ku mugga Zambezi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rozwi {{!}} historical state, Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125203243/https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |archive-date=25 January 2021 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Naye oboolyawo ekyokulabirako ekisinga okumanyibwa mu kino okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti kwe kweyongera kw’Abazulu wansi w’obukulembeze bwa Shaka. Okupikirizibwa okuva eri Abangereza abafuzi b’amatwale mu Cape ne okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti mu Bazulu kyavaako Mfecane (okunyigirizibwa). Abazulu beeyongera nga bayingiza abakazi n’abaana b’ebika bye baawangula, singa abasajja b’ebika bino ebya Nguni baawona okuttibwa, baakozesa obukodyo bw’amagye obw’Abazulu okulumba ebibinja ebirala.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Kino kyaviirako abantu bangi okusenguka, entalo n'obulumbaganyi mu Bukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati ne mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika nga ab'ekika kya Nguni oba Ngoni nga bakulembeddwamu Zwagendaba baasomoka omugga Zambezi nga batambulira mu Bukiikakkono. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni be baakuba ekibuga Maravi Empire ekyali kinafuye. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni abasinga obungi baasenga mu kitundu ekyali Zambia, [[Malawi]], [[Mozambique]] ne [[Tanzania]] era ne beegatta ku bika ebyali mu kitundu ekyo.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history2">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Zambia, ekibinja ekirala eky’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Afirika eky’Abasotho-Tswana abava mu Luba ne Lunda ezaagwa edda abayitibwa Abaluyana baawamba Kololo ne bamussaako olulimi Olukololo okutuusa Abaluyana lwe beekalakaasa ne baggyako Kololo mu kiseera kino olulimi Olukololo lwali lwerabiddwa era olulimi olupya olugattiddwa lwe lwavaamu, SiLozi era Abaluyana baatandika okweyita Abalozi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lozi {{!}} people |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528092724/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |archive-date=28 May 2023 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kya 18, Abamu ku Mbunda baasengukira mu Barotseland, Mongu oluvannyuma lw'okusenguka kw'abantu abalala, nga muno mwe muli, Ciyengele.<ref>'' The elites of Barotseland, 1878–1969: a political history of Zambia's Western Province'': a. Gerald L. Caplan, C. Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd, 1970, {{ISBN|0-900966-38-6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=maniacky |first=jacky |title=bantu zone K |url=http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140411045127/http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-date=2014-04-11 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.bantu-languages.com}}</ref> '''Ekiseera ky'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' '''Abazungu''' Omu ku Bulaaya abaasooka okuwandiikibwa nga baakyalako mu kitundu kino yali omuvumbuzi Omupotigo Francisco de Lacerda ku nkomerero y'ekyasa ekya 18. Lacerda yakulemberamu ekibinja ky'abavumbuzi okuva e Mozambique okutuuka mu kitundu ky'e Kazembe mu Zambia (nga balina ekiruubirirwa eky'okuvumbula n'okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa okuva ku lubalama lw'ennyanja okutuuka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja omulundi ogusooka),<ref>{{cite web |year=1798 |title=Instructions and Travel Diary that Governor Francisco Joze de Lacerda e Almeida Wrote about His Travel to the Center of Africa, Going to the River of Sena, in the Year of 1798 |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905135844/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |archive-date=5 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Library of Congress}}</ref> era n'afa mu kiseera ky'olugendo mu 1798. Olugendo luno okuva olwo lwakulemberwamu mukwano gwe Francisco Pinto.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hartnett |first=Craig |title=Portuguese Expedition to Northern Rhodesia, 1798–99 |url=http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924023553/http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Great North Road (GNR, Northern Rhodesia, Zambia) |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ekitundu kino, ekisangibwa wakati wa Mozambique ne [[Angola]], kyali kigambibwa nti kyali kya Bupotugo mu kiseera ekyo. Abalala abava mu Bulaaya baagoberera mu kyasa 19. Eyasinga okumanyika mu bano yali David Livingstone, eyalina okwolesebwa okw'okukomya okusuubula abaddu ng'ayita mu "3Cs": Obukristaayo, Ebyobusuubuzi, n'Obuwangwa. Ye Muzungu eyasooka okulaba ebisulo by'amazzi ebyewuunyisa ku Mugga Zambezi mu 1855, n'abyogerako bw'ati: "Ebifo ebirabika obulungi bityo biteekwa okuba nga byatunuulirwa bamalayika mu kudduka kwabwe".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Livingstone Discovers Victoria Falls, 1855 |url=http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522092057/http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |archive-date=22 May 2020 |access-date=28 May 2020 |website=EyeWitness to History}}</ref> Mu kitundu kino ebiyiriro bimanyiddwa nga "Mosi-o-Tunya" oba "omukka ogubwatuka" mu lulimi Lozi oba Kololo. Ekibuga Livingstone, okumpi n'ebiyiriro, kiyitibwa erinnya lye. Emboozi ezikwata ku ŋŋendo ze zaali zimanyiddwa nnyo ne kiviirako abagenyi bangi okuva mu Bulaaya, abaminsani, n'abasuubuzi oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwe mu 1873.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627015544/https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-date=27 June 2020 |website=The Provincial Administration Website}}</ref> '''Kampuni ya British South Africa Company''' Mu 1888, kampuni ya British South Africa Company (BSA Company), eyakulemberwa Cecil Rhodes, yafuna olukusa okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka okuva ku Litunga ow'abantu ba Lozi, omukulu w'essaza ly'abantu ba Lozi (Ba-rotse) mu kitundu ekyafuuka Barotziland-North-Western Rhodesia.<ref name="livingstone">{{cite web |author=Livingstone Tourism Association |title=Destination:Zambia&nbsp;– History and Culture |url=http://www.livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012153527/http://livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> Ebuvanjuba, mu Gwekkumineebiri 1897 ekibinja ky’Abangoni oba Abangoni (abaasibuka mu Zululand) beekalakaasa nga bakulemberwa Tsinco, mutabani wa Kabaka Mpezeni, naye obujeemu bwakomezebwawo,<ref name="unam">{{cite web |author1=Human Rights |author2=Documentation Centre |name-list-style=amp |title=Zambia: Historical Background |url=http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311093653/http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-date=11 March 2007 |access-date=14 January 2011}}</ref> era Mpezeni n’akkiriza Pax Britannica. Ekitundu ky’eggwanga ekyo kyatandika okumanyibwa nga Rhodesia ey'omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba. Mu 1895, Rhodes yasaba omusikawutu wa Omumerika Frederick Russell Burnham okunoonya eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka n’engeri y’okulongoosaamu entambula y’emigga mu kitundu ekyo, era mu lugendo luno mwe mwazuulibwa Frederick Russell Burnham eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka bingi ku mugga Kafue.<ref name="burnham1899">{{cite book |last=Burnham |first=Frederick Russell |author-link=Frederick Russell Burnham |year=1899 |title=Bulawayo Up-to-date; Being a General Sketch of Rhodesia |title-link=s:Northern Rhodesia |publisher=Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co. |editor-last=Wills |editor-first=Walter H. |pages=177–180 |chapter=Northern Rhodesia}}</ref> '''Obufuzi bw'amatwale ga Bungereza''' Mu 1953, okutondebwawo kwa Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland z'agatta wamu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono ne Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo, ne Nyasaland (kati Malawi) ng’ekitundu kimu ekyetongodde. Kino kyakolebwa wadde nga waaliwo okuwakanyizibwa okuva mu bantu abatono, abaakola okwekalakaasa okwaliwo mu 1960–61.<ref name="infoplease">{{cite web |author=Pearson Education |title=Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Federation of |url=http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012231959/http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> '''Obwetwaaze''' Omukago gwasaanyizibwawo nga 31 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, era mu Gwoluberyeberye 1964, Kaunda yawangula akalulu k'Obwaminisita bwa Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono. Gavana w'amatwale, Sir Evelyn Hone, yali mukwano nnyo gwa Kaunda era yamukubiriza okwesimbawo ku kifo ekyo. Mangu ddala oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, waaliwo okwekalakaasa mu Bukiikakkono bw'eggwanga eryo eryali limanyiddwa nga Lumpa Uprising nga lyali liduumirwa Alice Lenshina – Kaunda's first internal conflict as leader of the nation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2020 |title=Alice Lenshina |url=https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228081501/https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |archive-date=28 February 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=The British Empire}}</ref> Rhodesia yafuuka Republic of Zambia nga 24 Ogwekkumi 1964, nga Kenneth Kaunda ye pulezidenti eyasooka. Ku kufuna obwetwaze, wadde nga yalina ebyobugagga eby'omu ttaka ebingi, Zambia yasanga okusoomoozebwa okw'amaanyi. Munda mu ggwanga, waaliwo Abazambia abatendeke era abayivu abasukka mu 70,000 abaali basobola okuddukanya gavumenti, era ebyenfuna byali byesigamye nnyo ku bakugu okuva mu mawanga amalala. Obukugu buno bwaweebwa mu ngeri emu oba endala omubaka wa Bungereza mu Zambia John Willson.<ref>[http://www.chu.cam.ac.uk/archives/collections/BDOHP/Willson.pdf WILLSON, John Michael (born 15 July 1931)]{{Dead link|date=June 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}. BDOHP Biographical Details and Interview Index. chu.cam.ac.uk</ref> Waaliwo Abazungu abasukka mu 70,000 ababeera mu Zambia mu 1964, era baasigala nga ba mugaso nnyo mu byenfuna.<ref name="Zambia">{{Cite news|date=1964-10-25|title=1964: President Kaunda takes power in Zambia|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605125604/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-date=5 June 2013|access-date=2025-09-13|url-status=live|language=en-GB}}</ref> Kaunda okuwagira abayeekera ba Patriotic Front abaali bakola obulumbaganyi mu mawanga ag'omuliraano (Bukiikaddyo) Rhodesia kyaleetawo obunkenke mu by'obufuzi era ne kireetawo okukozesa amagye ku nsalo, era kino kyaviirako ensalo okuggalwa mu 1973.<ref name="blackfire">{{cite book |last=Raeburn |first=Michael |year=1978 |title=We are everywhere: Narratives from Rhodesian guerillas |url=https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-0-394-50530-5 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 1–209]}}</ref>Ebbibiro ly'amasannyalaze erya Kariba ku mugga Zambezi lyawa amasannyalaze agamala okukola ku byetaago by'eggwanga eby'amasannyalaze, wadde nga Rhodesia ye yali ekola ku by'amasannyalaze. Nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1978, ennyonyi ey'abantu ba bulijjo, Air Rhodesia Flight 825, yakubibwa amasasi okumpi ne Kariba abayeekera ba Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) abaakulemberwa Joshua Nkomo. Rhodesia yaddamu n'ekikwekweto kya Gatling, okulumba enkambi endala mu Zambia nga bakozesa amaanyi g'ennyonyi n'abajaasi abakugu mu kubuuka mu bbanga n'abajaasi abakugu mu kukozesa ennyonyi.<ref>{{cite web |title=GREEN LEADER. OPERATION GATLING, THE RHODESIAN MILITARY'S RESPONSE TO THE VISCOUNT TRAGEDY |url=http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125155440/http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-date=25 January 2017 |access-date=22 April 2017}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1970, Mozambique ne Angola zaali zifunye obwetwaze okuva ku Portugal. Gavumenti ya Rhodesia eyali esingamu abazungu, eyafulumya Ekirangiriro ky’Obwetwaze mu 1965, yakkiriza obufuzi obw’abantu abangi wansi w’Endagaano ya Lancaster House mu 1979.<ref name="zimstudy">{{cite book |last=Nelson |first=Harold |year=1983 |title=Zimbabwe: A Country Study |publisher=Claitors Publishing Division |isbn=978-0-16-001598-4 |pages=54–137}}</ref> Obukuubagano mu bitundu byombi ebyali bifugibwa Abapotigo n'olutalo lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwa [[Namibia]] byaviirako okuyingira kw'abanoonyi b'obubudamuera ne kyongera ku buzibu bw'ebyentambula. Oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Benguela, olwayita mu [[Angola]], lwaggalwawo ddala eri ebyentambula bya Zambia mu myaka gya 1970 egyali gisembayo. Zambia okuwagira ebibiina ebirwanyisa obusosoze mu mawanga nga African National Congress (ANC) era kyaleetawo obuzibu bw'ebyokwerinda ng'amagye ga South Africa Defence Force galumba ebifo ebitali bimu mu lutalo lw'okulwanyisa obwetwaze bwa Namibia.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Evans, M. |year=1984 |title=The Front-Line States, South Africa and Southern African Security: Military Prospects and Perspectives |url=http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/Journal%20of%20the%20University%20of%20Zimbabwe/vol12n1/juz012001002.pdf |journal=Zambezia |volume=12 |page=1}}</ref> '''Ebizibu by'ebyenfuna''' Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1970, omuwendo gwa kkopa, ekyamaguzi ekikulu ekiva mu Zambia, gwasereba nnyo mu nsi yonna. Mu mbeera ya Zambia, obungi bw'okutambuza kkopa eŋŋendo empanvu okutuuka mu katale kyali kizibu kinene. Zambia yasaba obuyambi okuva mu mawanga ag'ebweru n'ag'ensi yonna, naye, nga bbeeyi ya kkopa esigadde nga yasereba, kyeyongera okubeera ekizibu okusasula amabanja gaayo agaali geeyongera. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1990, wadde nga tewaaliwo kusonyiyibwa mabanja, ebbeyi ya kkopa eyali eva mu Zambia yali emu ku bintu ebyali bisinga okuba eby'ebbeeyi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia (12/08) |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625080205/https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |archive-date=25 June 2020 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> '''Okukola ku nsonga z'abantu''' Mu Gwomukaaga 1990, obwegugungo obwali buwakanya Kaunda bwatandika era abeekalakaasi bangi battibwa gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2020 |title=About Zambia |url=http://www.psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509233410/http://psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-date=9 May 2016 |access-date=20 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bartlett |first=David M. C. |date=2000 |title=Civil Society and Democracy: A Zambian Case Study |journal=Journal of Southern African Studies |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=429–446 |doi=10.1080/030570700750019655 |issn=0305-7070 |jstor=2637411 |s2cid=143480603}}</ref>Mu 1990, Kaunda yawona okulumbibwa amagye, era mu 1991, yakkiriza okuzzaawo enfuga ey'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, oluvannyuma lw'okussaawo enfuga ey'ekibiina ekimu wansi w'akakiiko ka Choma aka 1972. Oluvannyuma lw'okulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, Kaunda yaggyibwa mu woofiisi oluvannyuma lw'okuwangulwa mu kulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi Frederick Chiluba. Mu myaka gya 2000, ebyenfuna byanywerera, ne bituuka ku kweyongera kw'ebbeeyi y'ebintu mu 2006–2007, okweyongera kw'ebyenfuna, okukendeera kw'amagoba, n'okweyongera kw'omutindo gw'ebyobusuubuzi. Bingi ku kukulaakulana kuno kuvudde ku kusiga ensimbi okuva ebweru mu by'okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka n'okweyongera kw'emiwendo gy'ekikomo mu nsi yonna. Bino byonna byaleetera Zambia okusikirizibwa ennyo abagabi b'obuyambi era ne kireetera abasiga nsimbi okwongera okwesiga eggwanga lino. == Ebyobufuzi == Ebyobufuzi mu Zambia bitambulira mu nkola ey'omukulembeze w'eggwanga omukiise mu demokulasiya ow'eggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo, omukulembeze wa Zambia y'akulira eggwanga era akulira gavumenti mu ggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo. Gavumenti ekozesa obuyinza obw'okuteeka mu nkola, ate obuyinza obw'okukola amateeka buweebwa gavumenti ne paalamenti. Zambia yafuuka repubuliki oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu Gwekkumi 1964. Okuva mu 2011 okutuuka mu 2014, pulezidenti wa Zambia yali Michael Sata, okutuusa Sata lwe yafa nga 28 Ogwekkumi 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zambian President Michael Sata dies in London - BBC News|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705073526/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-date=2017-07-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=BBC News|language=en-GB}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Sata, omumyuka wa pulezidenti Guy Scott, Omuzambia ow'ensibuko y'Abasikawutu, yafuuka omukungu akola nga pulezidenti. Okulonda kwa pulezidenti kwaliwo nga 22 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015. Omugatte gw’abantu 11 abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti be beesimbawo mu kulonda era nga 24 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015, kyalangirirwa nti Edgar Chagwa Lungu yali awangudde okulonda okufuuka pulezidenti ow’omukaaga. Yawangula ebitundu 48.33% eby’obululu, ng’obululu 1.66% bwali bumusinga ku munnabyabufuzi akyasinze okuvuganya gavumenti, Hakainde Hichilema, eyafuna ebitundu 46.67%.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Defence Minister Lungu wins Zambia's disputed presidential race|url=http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305065726/http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-date=2016-03-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=Yahoo News|language=en-US}}</ref>Abantu abalala mwenda abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti baafuna obululu obutaweza na bitundu 1% ku bululu bwonna. Mu kulonda pkwaliwo mu Gwomunaana 2016 Zambian general election pulezidenti Edgar Lungu yawangula okulonda okw’omulundi ogw’okubiri. Omukago ogutaba ebibiina by’ebyobufuzi ogwa Patriotic Front (PF) gwagaana ebyali byogerwa ab’oludda oluvuganya gavumenti, UPND party.<ref name="bbc-15aug2016">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|title=Zambia's President Edgar Lungu declared election winner|work=BBC News|date=15 August 2016|access-date=17 May 2021|archive-date=26 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026223033/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021, okwalimu abalonzi 70% ku abo abaali basuubirwa, Hakainde Hichilema yawangula ebitundu 59% eby’obululu, ng’omuvuganya we eyali asingayo okuba ow’amaanyi, Edgar Chagwa Lungu, eyali pulezidenti mu kiseera ekyo, yafuna ebitundu 39% eby’obululu.<ref name="zm-elec-39">{{Cite news|url=https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm|title=Presidential Election Results|work=Electoral Commission of Zambia|date=16 August 2021|access-date=27 December 2021|archive-date=2 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102194510/https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm/}}</ref> Nga 16 Ogwomunaana Edgar Lungu yakkiriza mu kiwandiiko kye yafulumya ku ttivi, ng’aweereza ebbaluwa era ng’ayozayoza pulezidenti omulonde Hakainde Hichilema.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-08-16|title=Zambia election: Hakainde Hichilema beats President Edgar Lungu|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|access-date=2021-08-16|archive-date=24 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824152003/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|last=Kabwe|first=Zitto|author-link=Zitto Kabwe|user=zittokabwe|number=1426967254986629126|date=15 August 2021|title=#Zambia President @EdgarCLungu has conceded in a letter sent to now president elect @HHichilema of @UPNDZM. Once again Zambia has shown the world the level of its democratic maturity. Peaceful transfer of power is happening for third time in history. Congratulations Zambians|language=en|access-date=30 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827180204/https://twitter.com/zittokabwe/status/1426967254986629126|archive-date=27 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomunaana 2021, Hakainde Hichilema yalayizibwa nga pulezidenti wa Zambia omuggya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2021 |title=Zambia's Hakainde Hichilema sworn in as President in rare victory for an African opposition leader |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116213703/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |archive-date=16 November 2021 |access-date=16 November 2021}}</ref> '''Amaggye''' Mu 2019, Zambia yassa omukono ku ndagaano ya UN ekwata ku Kuziyiza eby'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa ebya Nukiriya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2017 |title=Chapter XXVI: Disarmament&nbsp;– No. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806220546/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |archive-date=6 August 2019 |access-date=18 October 2019 |publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection}}</ref> '''Amateeka n'eddembe ly'obuntu''' Gavumenti evunaanye abavumirira nga bakozesa ebigambo by'amateeka nti baali bawabya abantu. Amateeka agakwata ku kuwandiika ebintu ebikyamu gakozesebwa okukugira eddembe ly'okwogera ne bannamawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2015 |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225030706/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-date=2021-02-25 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=2009-2017.state.gov}}</ref> Ebikolwa eby'okweganza wakati w'abantu ab'ekikula ekimu kimenya mateeka eri abasajja n'abakazi mu Zambia.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 May 2016 |title=State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition |url=http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902183618/http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |archive-date=2 September 2017 |access-date=29 July 2017 |website=[[International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Daniel|last=Avery|title=71 Countries Where Homosexuality is Illegal|url=https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|work=Newsweek|date=4 April 2019|access-date=18 August 2019|archive-date=11 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211204842/https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|url-status=live}}</ref> Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu 2010 kwalaga nti ebitundu 2% ebya Bannansi ba Zambia bakitwala nti okulya ebisiyaga tekirina buzibu bwonna ku mpisa.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Meyer |first1=Birgit |date=2021 |title=What Is Religion in Africa? Relational Dynamics in an Entangled World |journal=Journal of Religion in Africa |publisher=Brill |volume=50 |issue=1–2 |pages=156–181 |doi=10.1163/15700666-12340184 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2019, kyategeezebwa nti Omubaka wa Amerika mu Zambia Daniel Lewis Foote "yakwatibwa ensisi" olw'engeri Zambia gy'ekuumamu abalyi b'ebisiyaga mu makomera. Oluvannyuma lw'okujulira ne kulema era nga n'abafumbo bano Japhet Chataba ne Steven Samba baasalirwa ekibonerezo kya kusibibwa emyaka 15 mu makomera, Foote yasaba gavumenti ya Zambia okuddamu okwekenneenya omusango guno n'amateeka ga Zambia agalwanyisa ebisiyaga. Foote yafuna obuzibu era n'asazaamu okujja mu bantu oluvannyuma lw'okutiisibwatiisibwa ku mikutu gya yintaneeti, era oluvannyuma lw'okulangirirwa Lungu nti y'omuntu ataagalwa mu ggwanga eryo.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 December 2019 |title=US recalls ambassador to Zambia after gay rights row |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231195603/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |archive-date=31 December 2019 |access-date=12 January 2020 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 2026, gavumenti ya Zambia yavumirirwa olw'okwongezaayo olukiiko olw'amaanyi olw'ensi yonna olw'eddembe ly'obuntu, RightsCon, ennaku musanvu zokka nga tezinnatuuka okubeerawo mu Lusaka. Olukiiko olwo oluvannyuma lwasazibwamu oluvannyuma lw'okumanya nti gavumenti ya Zambia yali esaba, kirabika nga kya kusaba kw'abakungu ba China, okulungamya n'okuggyako aboogezi okuva e Taiwan. Abakugu baayogedde ku kweraliikirira olw'okulondoola n'okweyongera kw'obulabe eri ebitongole by'obwanakyewa.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gault ·|first1=Matthew|title=World's Largest Digital Human Rights Conference Suddenly Canceled|url=https://www.404media.co/rightscon-human-rights-conference-suddenly-postponed/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=404 Media|date=29 April 2026|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Elliott|first1=Vittoria|title=The Chinese Government Just Got the World's Largest Digital Rights Conference Canceled|url=https://www.wired.com/story/the-chinese-government-pressured-zambia-to-cancel-the-worlds-largest-digital-rights-conference/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Wired|date=1 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hendrix|first1=Justin|title=RightsCon Canceled After Zambia Requires 'Full Alignment' With 'National Values'|url=https://www.techpolicy.press/rightscon-canceled-after-zambia-requires-full-alignment-with-national-values/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Tech Policy Press|date=30 April 2026|language=en}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo by'abantu''' Okusinziira ku kubala abantu okwa 2022 mu Zambia, omuwendo gw'abantu mu Zambia gwali 19,610,769.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia's Population up to 19,610,769 in 2022 from 13,092,666 in 2010 – Zambia Statistics Agency |url=https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305022051/https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |archive-date=5 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ebibinja by'abantu ebisinga obunene mu Zambia beebo abayitibwa Bemba obukadde 3.3 (33.6%), Nyanja obukadde 1.8 (18.2%), Tonga obukadde 1.7 (16.8%), Abantu ab’omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba 1,000,000 (10.3%), Abalozii (Barotse) 770,000 (7.8%), Abamabwe 580,000 (5.9%), Abatumbuka 500,000 (5.1%), Abalamba 165,000 (2%), Abayindi 11,900 n’Abazungu 6,200.<ref>{{cite journal |date=2 November 2023 |title=Zambia |url=https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909114747/https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |archive-date=9 September 2023 |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=minorityrights.org}}</ref> Zambia y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubeeramu abantu mu bibuga mu Afirika eri wansi wa Sahara, ng'ebitundu 44% eby'abantu babeera mu bitundu ebisinga okubeeramu entambula, so ng'ate ebyalo birimu abantu batono nnyo. Omuwendo gw'abaana abazaalibwa gwali 6.2 mu 2007 (6.1 mu 1996, 5.9 mu 2001–02).<ref>{{cite web |title=Welcome to the Official site of Zambian Statistics |url=http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113144454/http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-date=13 November 2014 |access-date=11 April 2014 |publisher=Zamstats.gov.zm}}</ref> '''Ebibuga ebisinga obunene''' Okutandika kw'okuyiikuula ekikomo mu makolero ku Copperbelt mu myaka gya 1920 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga. Wadde ng'okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga kwali kuteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, kyali kinene nnyo.[1] Ebibuga ebikolebwamu eby'obugagga ku Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali eteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, yali nnene nnyo.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Potts |first=Deborah |date=2005 |title=Counter-urbanisation on the Zambian Copperbelt? Interpretations and implications |journal=Urban Studies |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=583–609 |bibcode=2005UrbSt..42..583P |doi=10.1080/00420980500060137 |s2cid=154412136}}</ref> Ebibuga ebirimu ebirombe bya Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali y'etoloolera ku gaali z'omukka n'enguudo okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwe bironbe bya kkoppa okuyita mu Kapiri Mposhi, Lusaka, Choma ne Livingstone. '''Ebibinja by'abantu''' Zambia elimu ebika nga 73,<ref name="BritannicaPeople">{{Cite web |title=Zambia – People |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambia/People |access-date=1 October 2024 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref><ref name="epr">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> wadde mu nkola waliwo ebibinja ebitono ebirabika obulungi.[2] Abazambia abasinga boogera Olubantu.<ref name="epr2">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ebibinja ebisinga obunene mu lulimi bye Bemba, Nyanja (era ekiyitibwa Chewa), ne Tonga; ebibinja ebirala ebitali binene nnyo bye Kaonde, Lozi, Luanda, ne Luvale.[2]<ref name="epr" /> Mu 2010, omuwendo gw'abantu gwateeberezebwa okuba ebitundu 21% Bemba, ebitundu 13.6% Tonga, ebitundu 7.4% Chewa, ebitundu 5.7% Lozi, ebitundu 5.3% Nsenga, ebitundu 4.4% Tumbuka, ebitundu 4.0% Ngoni, ne 38.6% abalala.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Bemba kye kisinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkono, Luapula, ne Copperbelt; ekibinja kya Tonga mu bitundu by'Obukiikaddyo, n'eby'Obugwanjuba; n'ekibinja kya Lozi mu bitundu by'Obugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Tumbuka ekitono ennyo kisangibwa mu kiwonvu kya Luangwa mu Buvanjuba.[2] Tewali kibinja ky'abantu aboogera olulimi olumu abasinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ebitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba tebirimu bantu bangi nnyo.<ref name="epr3">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ng’oggyeko olulimi, obuwangwa bukulu mu Zambia.<ref name="epr3" />Obuwangwa buno batera okubukwataganya n’obwesigwa bw’amaka oba n’ab’obuyinza eb'ennono. Obuwangwa buno busengekeddwa mu bibinja by’ennimi ebikulu.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Posner |first=Daniel N. |date=2005-06-06 |title=Institutions and Ethnic Politics in Africa |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-83398-1 |language=en |doi=10.1017/CBO9780511808661 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083432/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |archive-date=2023-03-21}}</ref> Abagwiira, okusingira ddala Abangereza oba Aba South Afrika, wamu n'abamu ku bannansi ba Zambia abeeru Abazungu abava mu Bungereza, babeera nnyo mu Lusaka ne mu Copperbelt mu Bukiikakkono bwa Zambia, gye baba nga bakola mu birombe, mu by'ensimbi n'emirimu emirala egifaananako bwe gityo oba nga bawummudde. Waaliwo Abazungu 70,000 mu Zambia mu 1964, naye bangi okuva olwo bavudde mu ggwanga.<ref name="Zambia" /> Zambia erina abantu abatono naye nga balina omugaso mu byenfuna abava mu Asia, abasinga obungi ku bo Buhindi ne Bachina. Ekibinja kino eky’abantu abatono ky'ekikyasinze okufuga eby’enfuna nga kye kikola ku by’okutunda ebintu. Kiteeberezebwa nti Abachina nga 80,000 be baali babeera mu Zambia mu 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ZAMBIA: Zambians wary of |url=http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910230935/http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-date=2011-09-10 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=IRINnews}}</ref> Mu myaka egiyise, ebikumi n’ebikumi by’abalimi abazungu abaali bagobeddwa mu Zimbabwe baasengukira e Zambia oluvannyuma lw’okuyitibwa gavumenti ya Zambia, okutandika okulima mu matwae g'omu Bukiikaddyo.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zim's Loss, Zam's gain: White Zimbabweans making good in Zambia|date=June 2004|newspaper=The Economist|access-date=28 August 2009|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110215085211/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-date=15 February 2011}}</ref><ref name="Spiegel">{{Cite news|title=Settling in Zambia: Zimbabwe's Displaced Farmers Find a New Home|last=Thielke|first=Thilo|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|date=27 December 2004|access-date=28 August 2009|periodical=[[Der Spiegel]]|archive-date=19 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619050250/http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza okwalebwa ku banoonyi b'obubuddamu mu 2009 ekyakubibwa akakiikio ka America akavunanyizibwa ku banoonyi b'obubudamu n'abagwiira eka U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, Zambia yalina omuwendo gw’abanoonyi b’obubudamu n’abanoonya obubudamu nga bali 88,900. Abanoonyi b’obubudamu abasinga obungi mu ggwanga baava mu Democratic Republic of the Congo (ababundabunda 47,300 okuva mu DRC ng'ababeera mu Zambia mu 2007), Angola (27,100 Bannangola Zambia), Zimbabwe (5,400) ne Rwanda (4,900).<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009">{{cite news|title=World Refugee Survey 2009|publisher=U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants|url=http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211175633/http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-date=11 December 2013}}</ref> Bannansi ba Zambia okutwaliza awamu baaniriza abagwira. Okutandika mu Gwokutaano 2008, omuwendo gw'Abazimbabwe mu Zambia gwatandika okulinnya ennyo; okuyingira kwali kusinga kw'Abazimbabwe abaali babeera mu South Africa abaali badduka obutabanguko obwali mu ggwanga eryo.<ref name="IRIN">{{Cite news|title=Zambia: Rising levels of resentment towards Zimbabweans|date=9 June 2008|access-date=7 August 2023|periodical=[[The New Humanitarian|IRIN News]]|url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2008/06/09/rising-levels-resentment-towards-zimbabweans|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930005909/http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=78648|archive-date=2009-09-30}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Kumpi abanoonyi b'obubudamo 60,000 babeera mu nkambi mu Zambia, ate 50,000 babeera mu bantu ba bulijjo. Abanoonyi b'obubudamo abaagala okukola mu Zambia balina okusaba olukusa saako n'ebiwandiiko ebikukkiriza okukola nga bino biyinza okutwala ddoola 500 buli mwaka.<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009" /> '''Eddiini''' Zambia mu butongole "eggwanga ery'Ekiikuristaayo" wansi wa Ssemateeka w'eggwanga owa 1996, naye essa ekitiibwa mu kukuuma eddembe ly'eddiini n'okusinza.<ref>{{cite web |date=30 June 2008 |title=Constitution of Zambia, 1991(Amended to 1996) |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105055544/http://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |archive-date=5 November 2012 |access-date=18 December 2012 |publisher=Scribd.com}}</ref> Zambia lye ggwanga lyokka mu Afirika erirangirira Obukristaayo ng'eddiini y'eggwanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Haynes |first=N. |date=2021 |title=Taking Dominion in a Christian Nation: North American Political Theology in an African Context |journal=Pneuma |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=214–232 |doi=10.1163/15700747-bja10036 |hdl=20.500.11820/48b556a6-cf81-4058-bf5b-894934a35ca0 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ekitongole kya Zambia ekivunaanyizibwa ku kubala abantu ekya Zambia Statistics Agency mu 2022 kyabalirira nti 98.0% ku Bannazambia Bakristaayo, nga 74.5% Bapulotesitanti, 17.9% Bakatoliki ate 5.6% Bajulirwa ba Yakuwa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2025-07-24 |title=RELIGIOUS LANDSCAPE OF ZAMBIA: AN ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF THE 2022 CENSUS FINDINGS |url=https://www.amulufeblog.com/2025/07/religious-landscape-of-zambia.html |access-date=2026-02-12 |website=Amulufeblog |language=en}}</ref> Enzikiriza z'ekikulisitaayo mu Zambia mulimu Apolotesitante, Abavangelika saako n'Abapentecoote.<ref name=":1" /> Obukristaayo bwatuuka mu Zambia okuyita mu bufuzi bw'amatwale obw'Abazungu, era enjawulo yaakyo ey'ebibiina eby'enjawulo eraga enkyukakyuka mu nkola y'obuminsani; okugeza, Obukatoliki bwava mu Mozambique ey'Abaportugalezi mu Buvanjuba, so ng'Obulokole bwava mu Bungereza mu Bukiikaddyo. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu 1964, Zambia yalaba okweyongera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibiina by'obuminsani ebirala okuva mu bitundu by'ensi ebitali bimu, naddala Amerika ey'Obukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. Mu byasa ebyaddirira, emirimu gy'obuminsani egy'Abazungu egyaddira abakkiriza ab'omu kitundu (okuggyako ebifo ebimu eby'obuminsani, gamba ng'abasawo). Oluvannyuma lwa Frederick Chiluba, Omukulisitaayo Omukristaayo, okufuuka pulezidenti mu 1991, ebibiina by'obuminsani eby'Abazungu byeyongera nnyo okwetooloola Zambia okuva mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu 1964, Zambia yalaba okweyongera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibiina by'obuminsani eby'Abazungu okuva mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani.<ref name="pentecostal">{{cite book |last=Steel |first=Matthew |year=2005 |title=Pentecostalism in Zambia: Power, Authority and the Overcomers |publisher=University of Wales |id=MSc Dissertation}}</ref> Eddiini z'Ekikristaayo ezimu ezirina abagoberezi batono mu nsi yonna zimanyiddwa nnyo mu Zambia. Eggwanga lino lirina abantu abawerako ab'enzikiriza y'eki Adiventi nga mu bibala ku Bazambia 18 osangamu 1 omu Adiventi.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 October 2012 |title=Zambia Union Conference&nbsp;– Adventist Directory |url=http://www.adventistdirectory.org/ViewAdmField.aspx?AdmFieldID=ZAUM |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427045842/https://www.adventistdirectory.org/ViewAdmField.aspx?AdmFieldID=ZAUM |archive-date=27 April 2023 |access-date=18 December 2012 |publisher=Adventistdirectory.org}}</ref> Ekkanisa y'Abalokole eya Central Africa erimu abagoberezi abasukka mu 11,000 mu ggwanga.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lutheran Church of Central Africa: Zambia |url=http://www.celc.info/site/cpage.asp?sec_id=180010197&cpage_id=180031341 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131193035/http://www.celc.info/site/cpage.asp?sec_id=180010197&cpage_id=180031341 |archive-date=31 January 2017 |publisher=Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference}}</ref> Abantu abasukka mu bitundu 12 ku buli kikumi mu Zambia basabira mu Kkanisa ya New Apostostoc Church.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hayashida |first=Nelson Osamu |date=1999 |title=Dreams in the African Literature: The Significance of Dreams and Visions Among Zambian Baptists |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CkNC6-Wmga4C&q=One+in+11+Zambians+is+a+member+of+the+New+Apostolic+Church&pg=PA36 |publisher=Rodopi |isbn=978-90-420-0596-9 |language=en |access-date=3 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518182155/https://books.google.com/books?id=CkNC6-Wmga4C&q=One+in+11+Zambians+is+a+member+of+the+New+Apostolic+Church&pg=PA36#v=snippet&q=One%20in%2011%20Zambians%20is%20a%20member%20of%20the%20New%20Apostolic%20Church&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nga balina abagoberezi abasukka mu kakadde kamu mu emitwalo abiri, eggwanga lirimu ekibiina ky'Abaseveniside ekisinga obunene mu Afirika, okuva ku bantu abasukka mu bukadde mwenda mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Membership figures of the global Church as at the end of 2009: New Apostolic Church International (NAC) |url=http://www.nak.org/news/naci-news/article/16710/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626032545/http://www.nak.org/news/naci-news/article/16710/ |archive-date=26 June 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.nak.org}}</ref> Abantu nga 2.7% ku Bannazambia Basiraamu, abasinga obungi nga Basunni n’abalala abatonotono nga Abaismaili ne Twelver Shia.<ref name="2023RIRF">{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2023-report-on-international-religious-freedom/zambia/ |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=United States Department of State |language=en-US}}</ref> Abasiraamu abali mu Zambia, abalina okubalibwa okw’omulundi ogumu nga 100,000 okusinziira ku kuteebereza okumu okwakolebwa, bazingiramu abanoonyi b’obubudamu okuva e Congo ne [[Somalia]], awamu n’abagwiira okuva mu South Asia ne mu ddungu ly'ebuwalabu abafuuse Bannazambia.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> Abahindu, abasinga obungi nga ba South Asian ancestry, baali nga 10,000 okusinziira ku kuteebereza okumu okwakolebwa, mu 2019.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> Ku ntikko y'akyo mu myaka gya 1960, Abayudaaya abaali mu Zambia abaali bawerera ddala 10,000 ng'abasinga baali basibuka mu Lithuania, Latvia ne Bugirimaani,<ref>{{cite web |last=Tutton |first=Mark |date=19 January 2012 |title=The forgotten story of Zambia's Jewish settlers |url=https://www.cnn.com/2012/01/19/world/africa/zambia-jewish-history/index.html |access-date=17 February 2025 |work=CNN}}</ref>okuva mu 2012 baali batono ddala okusinga Abazambia Abayudaaya ng'abasinga ku bbo baali bawangalira mu Lusaka mu matwale g'Obukiikakkono. Mu Zambia mulimu abantu batono ab'enzikiriza ya Baha ne Buddhists saako ne Sikhs.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> '''Ennimi''' Omuwendo omutuufu ogw'ennimi za Zambia tegumanyiddwa, wadde ng'ebiwandiiko bingi bigamba nti Zambia erina ennimi 73 ez’enjawulo; omuwendo guno guyinza okuba nga guva ku butawulira njawulo wakati w’ennimi n’ebigambo ebikozesebwa eby'enjawulo, nga basinziira ku kuba nti abantu basobola okutegeeragana nga boogera ennimi ez’enjawulo. Okusinziira ku kino, omuwendo gw’ennimi za Zambia guyinza okuba nga guli wakati wa 20 oba 30.<ref name="Chanda, Vincent M., and, Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. 2013 1–173">{{Cite book |author1=Chanda, Vincent M. |year=2013 |title=Speak Zambian Languages: Phrase Book in Bemba, Kaonde, Lozi, Luvale, Lunda, Nyanja and Tonga, all in one |author2=Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson |publisher=UNZA Press |isbn=978-9982-03-073-1 |location=Lusaka, Zambia |pages=1–173}}</ref> Olulimi olutongole mu Zambia lwe Lungereza, olukozesebwa mu bizinensi entongole, eby'enjigiriza, n’amateeka.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" />Olulimi olusinga okwogerwa mu Zambia, naddala mu Lusaka, lwe Lunyaanja (Chewa), oluddako Bemba. Mu birombe bya koppa, Bemba lwe lulimi olusinga okwogerwa era oluddako Nyanja. Olunyaanja n’Olubemba bye byogerwa mu bitundu eby’omu bibuga, okugatta ku nnimi endala eza wano ezaatera okwogerwa mu Zambia. Zino mulimu Lozi, Tumbuka, Kaonde, Tonga, Lunda ne Luvale, ezaalagibwa ku Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation (ZNBC) mu kitundu ky’ennimi za wano.<ref name="BritannicaPeople2">{{Cite web |title=Zambia – People |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambia/People |access-date=1 October 2024 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Chanda, Vincent M., and, Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. 2013 1–1732">{{Cite book |author1=Chanda, Vincent M. |year=2013 |title=Speak Zambian Languages: Phrase Book in Bemba, Kaonde, Lozi, Luvale, Lunda, Nyanja and Tonga, all in one |author2=Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson |publisher=UNZA Press |isbn=978-9982-03-073-1 |location=Lusaka, Zambia |pages=1–173}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. |year=2015 |title=The State of Affairs of Cultural Literacy in Zambia's Multicultural Education System. In A. L. Jotia and J. Dudu (Ed.), Multicultural Education Discourses: Breaking Barriers of Exclusion in Selected African Contexts |publisher=Zebra publishing (Pty) LTD |isbn=978-99945-84-99-4 |location=Windhoek, Namibia |pages=190–204}}</ref> Abasinga obungi bajja kwogera Olubemba n'Olunyanja mu Copperbelt; Olunyanja lusinga kwogerwa mu Lusaka ne mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia. Oluzungu lukozesebwa mu mpuliziganya entongole era lwe lulimi olusinga okwogerwa mu maka mu bantu abava mu mawanga ag'enjawulo. Okumelukawo kuno mu nnimi ereetedde olulimi olwogerwa mu Lusaka ne mu bibuga ebirala ebikulu. Abasinga obungi mu Zambia batera okwogera ennimi ezisukka mu lumu: olulimi olutongole, Oluzungu, n'olulimi olusinga okwogerwa mu kibuga oba mu kitundu gye babeera. Olupotugo luyigirizibwa ng'olulimi olw'okubiri mu masomo g'essomero olw'okubeerawo kw'Abangereza aboogera Olupotugo abangi mu Zambia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Actualités Afrique - Economie, sport, santé, politique |url=http://www.afriquejet.com/news/africa-news/zambia-to-introduce-portuguese-into-school-curriculum-2009041825794.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121208151924/http://www.afriquejet.com/news/africa-news/zambia-to-introduce-portuguese-into-school-curriculum-2009041825794.html |archive-date=2012-12-08 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.afriquejet.com |language=fr-fr}}</ref> '''Eby'enjigiriza''' Eddembe okufuna obuyigirize obwenkanankana era obumala eri bonna kikuumibwa mu ssemateeka wa Zambia.<ref>{{cite web |date=1996 |title=Laws of Zambia |url=http://www.parliament.gov.zm/acts/volumes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307105357/http://www.parliament.gov.zm/acts/volumes |archive-date=7 March 2016 |access-date=27 January 2016 |website=National Assembly of Zambia}}</ref> Etteeka ly’Obuyigirize erya 2011 likugira obuyigirize obwenkanankana era obw’omutindo.<ref>{{cite web |date=2011 |title=The Education Act (2011) |url=http://www.parliament.gov.zm/node/3324 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203063439/http://www.parliament.gov.zm/node/3324 |archive-date=3 February 2016 |access-date=27 January 2016 |website=National Assembly of Zambia}}</ref> Omutindo gw’obuyivu bw’olulimi Olungereza nga bwe gwali mu 2018 guli ebitundu 86.7%. Ensaasaanya ya gavumenti eya buli mwaka ku by'enjigiriza ebadde ya njawulo nnyo. Nga bwe kiri ebitundu ku mbalirira ya gavumenti, kyali ebitundu 19.6% mu 2006, ebitundu 15.3% mu 2011, n'ebitundu 20.2% mu 2015.<ref name="WorldBank_2015">{{cite report|author=<!--none listed-->|date=December 2015|title=Education Public Expenditure Review in Zambia|url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/431421468000590726/pdf/103870-PUB-PUBLIC-Education-Public-Expenditure-Review-in-Zambia.pdf|publisher=World Bank Group|page=36|access-date=2024-01-16|archive-date=16 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116202228/https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/431421468000590726/pdf/103870-PUB-PUBLIC-Education-Public-Expenditure-Review-in-Zambia.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Okutuuka mu 2020, ensaasaanya ku by'enjigiriza yali ebitundu 3.7% ku GDP. '''Eby'obulamu''' Zambia eri mu kiseera ky’okubalukawo kw’ekirwadde kya mukenenya, ng’omuwendo gw’abantu abalina akawuka ka mukenenya mu ggwanga lyonna guli ebitundu 12.10 ku buli kikumi mu bantu abakulu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Country Comparisons—HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/hiv-aids-adult-prevalence-rate/country-comparison |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425032850/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/hiv-aids-adult-prevalence-rate/country-comparison/ |archive-date=25 April 2022 |access-date=19 June 2021 |work=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |location=Langley, Virginia}}</ref> Kyokka, eggwanga lino likoze enkyukakyuka mu myaka ekkumi egiyise: Omuwendo gw’abantu abalina akawuka ka mukenenya mu bantu abakulu abali wakati w’emyaka 15–49 gukendedde okutuuka ku bitundu 13 ku buli kikumi mu 2013/14, bw’ogeraageranya n’ebitundu 16 ku buli kikumi emyaka nga kkumi emabega.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Children in Zambia |url=https://www.unicef.org/zambia/children-zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626221920/https://www.unicef.org/zambia/children-zambia |archive-date=26 June 2020 |access-date=27 May 2020 |publisher=UNICEF |language=en}}</ref> Ebiva mu bujjanjabi ebirala nabyo enkyukayuka ez'akolebwa, newankubadde nga bikyali bibi nnyo okusinzila ku mutindo gw’ensi yonna. Omuwendo gw’abantu abafa nga bazaala guli 135 ku buli kikumi mu 2020 nga bagerageranya n’abantu 169 mu 2014 ne 296 mu 2007;<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://genderdata.worldbank.org/en/economies/zambia#featured-indicators |access-date=2025-03-09 |website=World Bank Gender Data Portal |language=en}}</ref> mu myaka egyo emabega, omuwendo gw’abantu abafa nga bazaala guli 59.3 ku buli kikumi mu 2020 nga bagerageranya n’abantu 69.2 ne 93.3 mu 2014 ne 2007.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) |url=https://genderdata.worldbank.org/en/indicator/sh-dyn-mort?view=trend&gender=total&geos=ZMB |access-date=2025-03-09 |website=www.worldbank.org}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] lx4g9t9o4dn8mq4rb4r4tp5avbt4i8v 59371 59369 2026-07-06T17:25:20Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ekiba 59371 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Amawanga ga Luba-Lunda oluvannyuma gaakendeera olw'okutunda abaddu mu Atlantic mu Bugwanjuba ne mu Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba ne mu ntalo n'ebibinja ebyali byawuddwa ku bwakabaka. Aba Chokwe, ekibinja ekirina oluganda olw'okumpi ne Luvale era ne kitondebwawo ng'eggwanga lya Lunda satellite, mu kusooka gaakosebwa olw'obwetaavu bwabaddu eri Abazungu, naye bwe baawukana ku bwakabaka, bo bennyini baafuuka batunzi ba baddu abamanyiddwa ennyo, nga batunda abaddu ku mbalama zombi. Abachokwe oluvannyuma baawangulwa amawanga amalala n'Abaportugali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azuonye |first=Chukwuma |date=15 December 1996 |title=Chokwe: (Angola, Zambia) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ejao3vG6nfsC&pg=PA11 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-1990-1 |language=en}}</ref> Obutali butebenkevu buno bwaviirako okugwa kw'obwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'abantu okusaasaanira mu bitundu bya Zambia eby'enjawulo okuva mu Democratic Republic of the Congo. Abazambia abasinga obungi balina obuzaale mu bwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'obwakabaka obulala obuli mu Masekkati ga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1200, ng’eggwanga lya Luba-Lunda terinnatandikibwawo, ekibinja ky’aba Bantu baatandika okusenguka okuva mu Congo Basin okudda ku Nnyanja Mweru ate oluvannyuma ne basenga okumpi n’ennyanja Malawi. Abasenze bano balowoozebwa okuba nga baali abamu ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky’e Upemba mu Democratic Republic of Congo. Mu myaka gya 1400, ebibinja by’abasenze bano awamu baayitibwanga Maravi, era nga mu bo mwalimu Abachewa abaatandika okukoppa ebibinja by’aba Bantu nga Tumbuka.<ref name="Team">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 1480 Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwatandikibwawo kalonga (omukulu w'obwakabaka bwa Maravi) okuva mu kika kya Phiri, kimu ku bika ebikulu, ng'ebirala mulimu Banda, Mwale ne Nkhoma. Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwali buva ku Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Enkulaakulana y'ebyobufuzi ey'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi yali efaanana ey'Obwakabaka bwa Luba era kigambibwa nti bwavaayo. Ekyamaguzi ekikulu eky'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi kyali amasanga, agaatundibwanga okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Ekyuma nakyo kyakolebwanga era ne kitundibwa mu nsi endala. Mu myaka gya 1590, Abapotigo baagezaako okweddiza eby'obusuubuzi n’okutunda Maravi mu nsi endala. Okugezaako kuno kwaleetawo obusungu mu Maravi ab’e Lundu, abaasumulula eggye lyabwe erya WaZimba. WaZimba baalumba ebibuga by’Abapotigo eby’obusuubuzi nga Tete, Sena n’ebibuga ebirala bingi.<ref name="thinkafrica.net">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Abamaravi nabo bateeberezebwa okuba nga baaleeta obulombolombo obwandifuuse ekibiina kya Nyau eky'ekyama okuva e Upemba. Aba Nyau be bakola ku nzikiriza oba eddiini y'obuwangwa ey'abantu b'omu Maravi. Ekibiina kya Nyau kirimu okuzina okw'obulombolombo n'obukookolo obukozesebwa mu kuzina; enzikiriza eno yasaasaana okwetooloola ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maptia |title=The Secret Cult of Nyau Dancers |url=https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108130415/https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-date=8 November 2020 |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=Maptia |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwakendeera olw'enkaayana ezikwata ku busika mu mukago, okulumbibwa Ngoni n'okulumba abaddu okuva mu Yao.<ref name="thinkafrica.net2">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa ne Mfecane''' Ng'Obwakabaka bwa Great Zimbabwe bwali bukendedde, omu ku balangira baabwo, Nyatsimba Mutota, yava mu ggwanga n'atandikawo obwakabaka obupya obuyitibwa Mutapa. Ekitiibwa kya Mwene Mutapa, ekitegeeza "Omulumbaganyi w'Ensi", kyamuweebwa era n'abafuzi abaddirira.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mwene Matapa {{!}} historical dynastic title, southern Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520141810/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |archive-date=20 May 2023 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwafuganga ekitundu ekiri wakati w’Omugga Zambezi n’Omugga Limpopo, mu kitundu ekiriwo kati ekiyitibwa Zambia, Zimbabwe ne Mozambique, okuva mu kyasa ekya 14 okutuusa mu kyasa ekya 17. Mu ntikko yaabwo, Mutapa yali awambye ekitundu kya Dande eky’Omugga Tonga ne Tavara. Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwasinganga kwetaba mu by’obusuubuzi okusomoka Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okutuuka mu mawanga ag’omu Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Okufaananako abantu abaaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu mu Maravi, Mutapa yalina obuzibu n’abasuubuzi Abapotigo abaali bazze. Obutategeeragana buno we bwatuukira ku ntikko, Abapotigo baali bagezezzaako okukyusa mu nsonga z’omunda mu bwakabaka nga batandikawo obutale mu bwakabaka era nga bakyusa abantu okubayingiza Obukristaayo. Ekikolwa kino kyaleetawo obusungu mu Basiraamu AbaSwahili abaali babeera mu kibuga ekikulu, akavuyo kano kaawa Abapotigo ensonga gye baali banoonya okulumba obwakabaka era bagezeeko okufuga ebirombe by'abwo ebya zaabu n'enguudo awayitira amasanga. Obulumbaganyi buno bwagwa butaka Abapotigo bwe baalumbibwa endwadde nga bayita ku mugga Zambezi.<ref name="Mutapa">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1600 enkaayana ez'omunda n'olutalo lw'omunda byatandika okukendeera kwa Mutapa. Obwakabaka obwali bunafuye bwawangulwa Abapotigo era oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera bwatwalibwa amawanga ga Shona bwe baali bawalangana.<ref name="Mutapa2">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Abapotigo nabo baalina ettaka ddene, eryali limanyiddwa nga Prazos, era baakozesanga abaddu n'abaali abaddu ng'abakuumi n'abayizzi. Baatendekanga abasajja mu bukodyo bw'amagye era ne babawa emmundu. Abasajja bano baafuuka abayizzi b'enjovu abakugu era baali bamanyiddwa nga ba Chikunda. Oluvannyuma lw'okukendeera kw'Abapotigo, Chikunda baasobola okwesolossa munda mu Zambia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2019 |title=Chikunda |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227184451/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |archive-date=27 February 2021 |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Portugal okubeera mu kitundu ekyo kyali nsonga lwaki obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwatandikibwawo, eggwanga eryali lyetongodde ku Mutapa. Omukulembeze w'obwakabaka bwa Rozvi, Changamire Dombo, yafuuka omu ku bakulembeze abasingayo amaanyi mu byafaayo bya South-Central Africa. Wansi w'obukulembeze bwe, obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwawangula Abapotigo ne babaggya mu bifo mwe baali bakolera bizineesi ku mugga Zambezi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rozwi {{!}} historical state, Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125203243/https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |archive-date=25 January 2021 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Naye oboolyawo ekyokulabirako ekisinga okumanyibwa mu kino okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti kwe kweyongera kw’Abazulu wansi w’obukulembeze bwa Shaka. Okupikirizibwa okuva eri Abangereza abafuzi b’amatwale mu Cape ne okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti mu Bazulu kyavaako Mfecane (okunyigirizibwa). Abazulu beeyongera nga bayingiza abakazi n’abaana b’ebika bye baawangula, singa abasajja b’ebika bino ebya Nguni baawona okuttibwa, baakozesa obukodyo bw’amagye obw’Abazulu okulumba ebibinja ebirala.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Kino kyaviirako abantu bangi okusenguka, entalo n'obulumbaganyi mu Bukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati ne mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika nga ab'ekika kya Nguni oba Ngoni nga bakulembeddwamu Zwagendaba baasomoka omugga Zambezi nga batambulira mu Bukiikakkono. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni be baakuba ekibuga Maravi Empire ekyali kinafuye. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni abasinga obungi baasenga mu kitundu ekyali Zambia, [[Malawi]], [[Mozambique]] ne [[Tanzania]] era ne beegatta ku bika ebyali mu kitundu ekyo.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history2">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Zambia, ekibinja ekirala eky’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Afirika eky’Abasotho-Tswana abava mu Luba ne Lunda ezaagwa edda abayitibwa Abaluyana baawamba Kololo ne bamussaako olulimi Olukololo okutuusa Abaluyana lwe beekalakaasa ne baggyako Kololo mu kiseera kino olulimi Olukololo lwali lwerabiddwa era olulimi olupya olugattiddwa lwe lwavaamu, SiLozi era Abaluyana baatandika okweyita Abalozi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lozi {{!}} people |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528092724/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |archive-date=28 May 2023 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kya 18, Abamu ku Mbunda baasengukira mu Barotseland, Mongu oluvannyuma lw'okusenguka kw'abantu abalala, nga muno mwe muli, Ciyengele.<ref>'' The elites of Barotseland, 1878–1969: a political history of Zambia's Western Province'': a. Gerald L. Caplan, C. Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd, 1970, {{ISBN|0-900966-38-6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=maniacky |first=jacky |title=bantu zone K |url=http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140411045127/http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-date=2014-04-11 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.bantu-languages.com}}</ref> '''Ekiseera ky'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' '''Abazungu''' Omu ku Bulaaya abaasooka okuwandiikibwa nga baakyalako mu kitundu kino yali omuvumbuzi Omupotigo Francisco de Lacerda ku nkomerero y'ekyasa ekya 18. Lacerda yakulemberamu ekibinja ky'abavumbuzi okuva e Mozambique okutuuka mu kitundu ky'e Kazembe mu Zambia (nga balina ekiruubirirwa eky'okuvumbula n'okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa okuva ku lubalama lw'ennyanja okutuuka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja omulundi ogusooka),<ref>{{cite web |year=1798 |title=Instructions and Travel Diary that Governor Francisco Joze de Lacerda e Almeida Wrote about His Travel to the Center of Africa, Going to the River of Sena, in the Year of 1798 |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905135844/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |archive-date=5 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Library of Congress}}</ref> era n'afa mu kiseera ky'olugendo mu 1798. Olugendo luno okuva olwo lwakulemberwamu mukwano gwe Francisco Pinto.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hartnett |first=Craig |title=Portuguese Expedition to Northern Rhodesia, 1798–99 |url=http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924023553/http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Great North Road (GNR, Northern Rhodesia, Zambia) |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ekitundu kino, ekisangibwa wakati wa Mozambique ne [[Angola]], kyali kigambibwa nti kyali kya Bupotugo mu kiseera ekyo. Abalala abava mu Bulaaya baagoberera mu kyasa 19. Eyasinga okumanyika mu bano yali David Livingstone, eyalina okwolesebwa okw'okukomya okusuubula abaddu ng'ayita mu "3Cs": Obukristaayo, Ebyobusuubuzi, n'Obuwangwa. Ye Muzungu eyasooka okulaba ebisulo by'amazzi ebyewuunyisa ku Mugga Zambezi mu 1855, n'abyogerako bw'ati: "Ebifo ebirabika obulungi bityo biteekwa okuba nga byatunuulirwa bamalayika mu kudduka kwabwe".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Livingstone Discovers Victoria Falls, 1855 |url=http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522092057/http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |archive-date=22 May 2020 |access-date=28 May 2020 |website=EyeWitness to History}}</ref> Mu kitundu kino ebiyiriro bimanyiddwa nga "Mosi-o-Tunya" oba "omukka ogubwatuka" mu lulimi Lozi oba Kololo. Ekibuga Livingstone, okumpi n'ebiyiriro, kiyitibwa erinnya lye. Emboozi ezikwata ku ŋŋendo ze zaali zimanyiddwa nnyo ne kiviirako abagenyi bangi okuva mu Bulaaya, abaminsani, n'abasuubuzi oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwe mu 1873.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627015544/https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-date=27 June 2020 |website=The Provincial Administration Website}}</ref> '''Kampuni ya British South Africa Company''' Mu 1888, kampuni ya British South Africa Company (BSA Company), eyakulemberwa Cecil Rhodes, yafuna olukusa okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka okuva ku Litunga ow'abantu ba Lozi, omukulu w'essaza ly'abantu ba Lozi (Ba-rotse) mu kitundu ekyafuuka Barotziland-North-Western Rhodesia.<ref name="livingstone">{{cite web |author=Livingstone Tourism Association |title=Destination:Zambia&nbsp;– History and Culture |url=http://www.livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012153527/http://livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> Ebuvanjuba, mu Gwekkumineebiri 1897 ekibinja ky’Abangoni oba Abangoni (abaasibuka mu Zululand) beekalakaasa nga bakulemberwa Tsinco, mutabani wa Kabaka Mpezeni, naye obujeemu bwakomezebwawo,<ref name="unam">{{cite web |author1=Human Rights |author2=Documentation Centre |name-list-style=amp |title=Zambia: Historical Background |url=http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311093653/http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-date=11 March 2007 |access-date=14 January 2011}}</ref> era Mpezeni n’akkiriza Pax Britannica. Ekitundu ky’eggwanga ekyo kyatandika okumanyibwa nga Rhodesia ey'omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba. Mu 1895, Rhodes yasaba omusikawutu wa Omumerika Frederick Russell Burnham okunoonya eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka n’engeri y’okulongoosaamu entambula y’emigga mu kitundu ekyo, era mu lugendo luno mwe mwazuulibwa Frederick Russell Burnham eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka bingi ku mugga Kafue.<ref name="burnham1899">{{cite book |last=Burnham |first=Frederick Russell |author-link=Frederick Russell Burnham |year=1899 |title=Bulawayo Up-to-date; Being a General Sketch of Rhodesia |title-link=s:Northern Rhodesia |publisher=Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co. |editor-last=Wills |editor-first=Walter H. |pages=177–180 |chapter=Northern Rhodesia}}</ref> '''Obufuzi bw'amatwale ga Bungereza''' Mu 1953, okutondebwawo kwa Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland z'agatta wamu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono ne Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo, ne Nyasaland (kati Malawi) ng’ekitundu kimu ekyetongodde. Kino kyakolebwa wadde nga waaliwo okuwakanyizibwa okuva mu bantu abatono, abaakola okwekalakaasa okwaliwo mu 1960–61.<ref name="infoplease">{{cite web |author=Pearson Education |title=Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Federation of |url=http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012231959/http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> '''Obwetwaaze''' Omukago gwasaanyizibwawo nga 31 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, era mu Gwoluberyeberye 1964, Kaunda yawangula akalulu k'Obwaminisita bwa Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono. Gavana w'amatwale, Sir Evelyn Hone, yali mukwano nnyo gwa Kaunda era yamukubiriza okwesimbawo ku kifo ekyo. Mangu ddala oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, waaliwo okwekalakaasa mu Bukiikakkono bw'eggwanga eryo eryali limanyiddwa nga Lumpa Uprising nga lyali liduumirwa Alice Lenshina – Kaunda's first internal conflict as leader of the nation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2020 |title=Alice Lenshina |url=https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228081501/https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |archive-date=28 February 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=The British Empire}}</ref> Rhodesia yafuuka Republic of Zambia nga 24 Ogwekkumi 1964, nga Kenneth Kaunda ye pulezidenti eyasooka. Ku kufuna obwetwaze, wadde nga yalina ebyobugagga eby'omu ttaka ebingi, Zambia yasanga okusoomoozebwa okw'amaanyi. Munda mu ggwanga, waaliwo Abazambia abatendeke era abayivu abasukka mu 70,000 abaali basobola okuddukanya gavumenti, era ebyenfuna byali byesigamye nnyo ku bakugu okuva mu mawanga amalala. Obukugu buno bwaweebwa mu ngeri emu oba endala omubaka wa Bungereza mu Zambia John Willson.<ref>[http://www.chu.cam.ac.uk/archives/collections/BDOHP/Willson.pdf WILLSON, John Michael (born 15 July 1931)]{{Dead link|date=June 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}. BDOHP Biographical Details and Interview Index. chu.cam.ac.uk</ref> Waaliwo Abazungu abasukka mu 70,000 ababeera mu Zambia mu 1964, era baasigala nga ba mugaso nnyo mu byenfuna.<ref name="Zambia">{{Cite news|date=1964-10-25|title=1964: President Kaunda takes power in Zambia|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605125604/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-date=5 June 2013|access-date=2025-09-13|url-status=live|language=en-GB}}</ref> Kaunda okuwagira abayeekera ba Patriotic Front abaali bakola obulumbaganyi mu mawanga ag'omuliraano (Bukiikaddyo) Rhodesia kyaleetawo obunkenke mu by'obufuzi era ne kireetawo okukozesa amagye ku nsalo, era kino kyaviirako ensalo okuggalwa mu 1973.<ref name="blackfire">{{cite book |last=Raeburn |first=Michael |year=1978 |title=We are everywhere: Narratives from Rhodesian guerillas |url=https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-0-394-50530-5 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 1–209]}}</ref>Ebbibiro ly'amasannyalaze erya Kariba ku mugga Zambezi lyawa amasannyalaze agamala okukola ku byetaago by'eggwanga eby'amasannyalaze, wadde nga Rhodesia ye yali ekola ku by'amasannyalaze. Nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1978, ennyonyi ey'abantu ba bulijjo, Air Rhodesia Flight 825, yakubibwa amasasi okumpi ne Kariba abayeekera ba Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) abaakulemberwa Joshua Nkomo. Rhodesia yaddamu n'ekikwekweto kya Gatling, okulumba enkambi endala mu Zambia nga bakozesa amaanyi g'ennyonyi n'abajaasi abakugu mu kubuuka mu bbanga n'abajaasi abakugu mu kukozesa ennyonyi.<ref>{{cite web |title=GREEN LEADER. OPERATION GATLING, THE RHODESIAN MILITARY'S RESPONSE TO THE VISCOUNT TRAGEDY |url=http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125155440/http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-date=25 January 2017 |access-date=22 April 2017}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1970, Mozambique ne Angola zaali zifunye obwetwaze okuva ku Portugal. Gavumenti ya Rhodesia eyali esingamu abazungu, eyafulumya Ekirangiriro ky’Obwetwaze mu 1965, yakkiriza obufuzi obw’abantu abangi wansi w’Endagaano ya Lancaster House mu 1979.<ref name="zimstudy">{{cite book |last=Nelson |first=Harold |year=1983 |title=Zimbabwe: A Country Study |publisher=Claitors Publishing Division |isbn=978-0-16-001598-4 |pages=54–137}}</ref> Obukuubagano mu bitundu byombi ebyali bifugibwa Abapotigo n'olutalo lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwa [[Namibia]] byaviirako okuyingira kw'abanoonyi b'obubudamuera ne kyongera ku buzibu bw'ebyentambula. Oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Benguela, olwayita mu [[Angola]], lwaggalwawo ddala eri ebyentambula bya Zambia mu myaka gya 1970 egyali gisembayo. Zambia okuwagira ebibiina ebirwanyisa obusosoze mu mawanga nga African National Congress (ANC) era kyaleetawo obuzibu bw'ebyokwerinda ng'amagye ga South Africa Defence Force galumba ebifo ebitali bimu mu lutalo lw'okulwanyisa obwetwaze bwa Namibia.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Evans, M. |year=1984 |title=The Front-Line States, South Africa and Southern African Security: Military Prospects and Perspectives |url=http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/Journal%20of%20the%20University%20of%20Zimbabwe/vol12n1/juz012001002.pdf |journal=Zambezia |volume=12 |page=1}}</ref> '''Ebizibu by'ebyenfuna''' Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1970, omuwendo gwa kkopa, ekyamaguzi ekikulu ekiva mu Zambia, gwasereba nnyo mu nsi yonna. Mu mbeera ya Zambia, obungi bw'okutambuza kkopa eŋŋendo empanvu okutuuka mu katale kyali kizibu kinene. Zambia yasaba obuyambi okuva mu mawanga ag'ebweru n'ag'ensi yonna, naye, nga bbeeyi ya kkopa esigadde nga yasereba, kyeyongera okubeera ekizibu okusasula amabanja gaayo agaali geeyongera. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1990, wadde nga tewaaliwo kusonyiyibwa mabanja, ebbeyi ya kkopa eyali eva mu Zambia yali emu ku bintu ebyali bisinga okuba eby'ebbeeyi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia (12/08) |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625080205/https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |archive-date=25 June 2020 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> '''Okukola ku nsonga z'abantu''' Mu Gwomukaaga 1990, obwegugungo obwali buwakanya Kaunda bwatandika era abeekalakaasi bangi battibwa gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2020 |title=About Zambia |url=http://www.psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509233410/http://psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-date=9 May 2016 |access-date=20 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bartlett |first=David M. C. |date=2000 |title=Civil Society and Democracy: A Zambian Case Study |journal=Journal of Southern African Studies |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=429–446 |doi=10.1080/030570700750019655 |issn=0305-7070 |jstor=2637411 |s2cid=143480603}}</ref>Mu 1990, Kaunda yawona okulumbibwa amagye, era mu 1991, yakkiriza okuzzaawo enfuga ey'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, oluvannyuma lw'okussaawo enfuga ey'ekibiina ekimu wansi w'akakiiko ka Choma aka 1972. Oluvannyuma lw'okulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, Kaunda yaggyibwa mu woofiisi oluvannyuma lw'okuwangulwa mu kulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi Frederick Chiluba. Mu myaka gya 2000, ebyenfuna byanywerera, ne bituuka ku kweyongera kw'ebbeeyi y'ebintu mu 2006–2007, okweyongera kw'ebyenfuna, okukendeera kw'amagoba, n'okweyongera kw'omutindo gw'ebyobusuubuzi. Bingi ku kukulaakulana kuno kuvudde ku kusiga ensimbi okuva ebweru mu by'okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka n'okweyongera kw'emiwendo gy'ekikomo mu nsi yonna. Bino byonna byaleetera Zambia okusikirizibwa ennyo abagabi b'obuyambi era ne kireetera abasiga nsimbi okwongera okwesiga eggwanga lino. == Ebyobufuzi == Ebyobufuzi mu Zambia bitambulira mu nkola ey'omukulembeze w'eggwanga omukiise mu demokulasiya ow'eggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo, omukulembeze wa Zambia y'akulira eggwanga era akulira gavumenti mu ggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo. Gavumenti ekozesa obuyinza obw'okuteeka mu nkola, ate obuyinza obw'okukola amateeka buweebwa gavumenti ne paalamenti. Zambia yafuuka repubuliki oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu Gwekkumi 1964. Okuva mu 2011 okutuuka mu 2014, pulezidenti wa Zambia yali Michael Sata, okutuusa Sata lwe yafa nga 28 Ogwekkumi 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zambian President Michael Sata dies in London - BBC News|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705073526/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-date=2017-07-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=BBC News|language=en-GB}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Sata, omumyuka wa pulezidenti Guy Scott, Omuzambia ow'ensibuko y'Abasikawutu, yafuuka omukungu akola nga pulezidenti. Okulonda kwa pulezidenti kwaliwo nga 22 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015. Omugatte gw’abantu 11 abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti be beesimbawo mu kulonda era nga 24 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015, kyalangirirwa nti Edgar Chagwa Lungu yali awangudde okulonda okufuuka pulezidenti ow’omukaaga. Yawangula ebitundu 48.33% eby’obululu, ng’obululu 1.66% bwali bumusinga ku munnabyabufuzi akyasinze okuvuganya gavumenti, Hakainde Hichilema, eyafuna ebitundu 46.67%.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Defence Minister Lungu wins Zambia's disputed presidential race|url=http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305065726/http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-date=2016-03-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=Yahoo News|language=en-US}}</ref>Abantu abalala mwenda abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti baafuna obululu obutaweza na bitundu 1% ku bululu bwonna. Mu kulonda pkwaliwo mu Gwomunaana 2016 Zambian general election pulezidenti Edgar Lungu yawangula okulonda okw’omulundi ogw’okubiri. Omukago ogutaba ebibiina by’ebyobufuzi ogwa Patriotic Front (PF) gwagaana ebyali byogerwa ab’oludda oluvuganya gavumenti, UPND party.<ref name="bbc-15aug2016">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|title=Zambia's President Edgar Lungu declared election winner|work=BBC News|date=15 August 2016|access-date=17 May 2021|archive-date=26 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026223033/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021, okwalimu abalonzi 70% ku abo abaali basuubirwa, Hakainde Hichilema yawangula ebitundu 59% eby’obululu, ng’omuvuganya we eyali asingayo okuba ow’amaanyi, Edgar Chagwa Lungu, eyali pulezidenti mu kiseera ekyo, yafuna ebitundu 39% eby’obululu.<ref name="zm-elec-39">{{Cite news|url=https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm|title=Presidential Election Results|work=Electoral Commission of Zambia|date=16 August 2021|access-date=27 December 2021|archive-date=2 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102194510/https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm/}}</ref> Nga 16 Ogwomunaana Edgar Lungu yakkiriza mu kiwandiiko kye yafulumya ku ttivi, ng’aweereza ebbaluwa era ng’ayozayoza pulezidenti omulonde Hakainde Hichilema.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-08-16|title=Zambia election: Hakainde Hichilema beats President Edgar Lungu|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|access-date=2021-08-16|archive-date=24 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824152003/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|last=Kabwe|first=Zitto|author-link=Zitto Kabwe|user=zittokabwe|number=1426967254986629126|date=15 August 2021|title=#Zambia President @EdgarCLungu has conceded in a letter sent to now president elect @HHichilema of @UPNDZM. Once again Zambia has shown the world the level of its democratic maturity. Peaceful transfer of power is happening for third time in history. Congratulations Zambians|language=en|access-date=30 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827180204/https://twitter.com/zittokabwe/status/1426967254986629126|archive-date=27 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomunaana 2021, Hakainde Hichilema yalayizibwa nga pulezidenti wa Zambia omuggya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2021 |title=Zambia's Hakainde Hichilema sworn in as President in rare victory for an African opposition leader |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116213703/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |archive-date=16 November 2021 |access-date=16 November 2021}}</ref> '''Amaggye''' Mu 2019, Zambia yassa omukono ku ndagaano ya UN ekwata ku Kuziyiza eby'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa ebya Nukiriya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2017 |title=Chapter XXVI: Disarmament&nbsp;– No. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806220546/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |archive-date=6 August 2019 |access-date=18 October 2019 |publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection}}</ref> '''Amateeka n'eddembe ly'obuntu''' Gavumenti evunaanye abavumirira nga bakozesa ebigambo by'amateeka nti baali bawabya abantu. Amateeka agakwata ku kuwandiika ebintu ebikyamu gakozesebwa okukugira eddembe ly'okwogera ne bannamawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2015 |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225030706/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-date=2021-02-25 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=2009-2017.state.gov}}</ref> Ebikolwa eby'okweganza wakati w'abantu ab'ekikula ekimu kimenya mateeka eri abasajja n'abakazi mu Zambia.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 May 2016 |title=State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition |url=http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902183618/http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |archive-date=2 September 2017 |access-date=29 July 2017 |website=[[International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Daniel|last=Avery|title=71 Countries Where Homosexuality is Illegal|url=https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|work=Newsweek|date=4 April 2019|access-date=18 August 2019|archive-date=11 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211204842/https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|url-status=live}}</ref> Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu 2010 kwalaga nti ebitundu 2% ebya Bannansi ba Zambia bakitwala nti okulya ebisiyaga tekirina buzibu bwonna ku mpisa.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Meyer |first1=Birgit |date=2021 |title=What Is Religion in Africa? Relational Dynamics in an Entangled World |journal=Journal of Religion in Africa |publisher=Brill |volume=50 |issue=1–2 |pages=156–181 |doi=10.1163/15700666-12340184 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2019, kyategeezebwa nti Omubaka wa Amerika mu Zambia Daniel Lewis Foote "yakwatibwa ensisi" olw'engeri Zambia gy'ekuumamu abalyi b'ebisiyaga mu makomera. Oluvannyuma lw'okujulira ne kulema era nga n'abafumbo bano Japhet Chataba ne Steven Samba baasalirwa ekibonerezo kya kusibibwa emyaka 15 mu makomera, Foote yasaba gavumenti ya Zambia okuddamu okwekenneenya omusango guno n'amateeka ga Zambia agalwanyisa ebisiyaga. Foote yafuna obuzibu era n'asazaamu okujja mu bantu oluvannyuma lw'okutiisibwatiisibwa ku mikutu gya yintaneeti, era oluvannyuma lw'okulangirirwa Lungu nti y'omuntu ataagalwa mu ggwanga eryo.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 December 2019 |title=US recalls ambassador to Zambia after gay rights row |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231195603/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |archive-date=31 December 2019 |access-date=12 January 2020 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 2026, gavumenti ya Zambia yavumirirwa olw'okwongezaayo olukiiko olw'amaanyi olw'ensi yonna olw'eddembe ly'obuntu, RightsCon, ennaku musanvu zokka nga tezinnatuuka okubeerawo mu Lusaka. Olukiiko olwo oluvannyuma lwasazibwamu oluvannyuma lw'okumanya nti gavumenti ya Zambia yali esaba, kirabika nga kya kusaba kw'abakungu ba China, okulungamya n'okuggyako aboogezi okuva e Taiwan. Abakugu baayogedde ku kweraliikirira olw'okulondoola n'okweyongera kw'obulabe eri ebitongole by'obwanakyewa.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gault ·|first1=Matthew|title=World's Largest Digital Human Rights Conference Suddenly Canceled|url=https://www.404media.co/rightscon-human-rights-conference-suddenly-postponed/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=404 Media|date=29 April 2026|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Elliott|first1=Vittoria|title=The Chinese Government Just Got the World's Largest Digital Rights Conference Canceled|url=https://www.wired.com/story/the-chinese-government-pressured-zambia-to-cancel-the-worlds-largest-digital-rights-conference/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Wired|date=1 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hendrix|first1=Justin|title=RightsCon Canceled After Zambia Requires 'Full Alignment' With 'National Values'|url=https://www.techpolicy.press/rightscon-canceled-after-zambia-requires-full-alignment-with-national-values/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Tech Policy Press|date=30 April 2026|language=en}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo by'abantu''' Okusinziira ku kubala abantu okwa 2022 mu Zambia, omuwendo gw'abantu mu Zambia gwali 19,610,769.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia's Population up to 19,610,769 in 2022 from 13,092,666 in 2010 – Zambia Statistics Agency |url=https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305022051/https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |archive-date=5 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ebibinja by'abantu ebisinga obunene mu Zambia beebo abayitibwa Bemba obukadde 3.3 (33.6%), Nyanja obukadde 1.8 (18.2%), Tonga obukadde 1.7 (16.8%), Abantu ab’omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba 1,000,000 (10.3%), Abalozii (Barotse) 770,000 (7.8%), Abamabwe 580,000 (5.9%), Abatumbuka 500,000 (5.1%), Abalamba 165,000 (2%), Abayindi 11,900 n’Abazungu 6,200.<ref>{{cite journal |date=2 November 2023 |title=Zambia |url=https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909114747/https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |archive-date=9 September 2023 |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=minorityrights.org}}</ref> Zambia y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubeeramu abantu mu bibuga mu Afirika eri wansi wa Sahara, ng'ebitundu 44% eby'abantu babeera mu bitundu ebisinga okubeeramu entambula, so ng'ate ebyalo birimu abantu batono nnyo. Omuwendo gw'abaana abazaalibwa gwali 6.2 mu 2007 (6.1 mu 1996, 5.9 mu 2001–02).<ref>{{cite web |title=Welcome to the Official site of Zambian Statistics |url=http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113144454/http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-date=13 November 2014 |access-date=11 April 2014 |publisher=Zamstats.gov.zm}}</ref> '''Ebibuga ebisinga obunene''' Okutandika kw'okuyiikuula ekikomo mu makolero ku Copperbelt mu myaka gya 1920 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga. Wadde ng'okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga kwali kuteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, kyali kinene nnyo.[1] Ebibuga ebikolebwamu eby'obugagga ku Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali eteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, yali nnene nnyo.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Potts |first=Deborah |date=2005 |title=Counter-urbanisation on the Zambian Copperbelt? Interpretations and implications |journal=Urban Studies |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=583–609 |bibcode=2005UrbSt..42..583P |doi=10.1080/00420980500060137 |s2cid=154412136}}</ref> Ebibuga ebirimu ebirombe bya Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali y'etoloolera ku gaali z'omukka n'enguudo okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwe bironbe bya kkoppa okuyita mu Kapiri Mposhi, Lusaka, Choma ne Livingstone. '''Ebibinja by'abantu''' Zambia elimu ebika nga 73,<ref name="BritannicaPeople">{{Cite web |title=Zambia – People |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambia/People |access-date=1 October 2024 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref><ref name="epr">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> wadde mu nkola waliwo ebibinja ebitono ebirabika obulungi.[2] Abazambia abasinga boogera Olubantu.<ref name="epr2">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ebibinja ebisinga obunene mu lulimi bye Bemba, Nyanja (era ekiyitibwa Chewa), ne Tonga; ebibinja ebirala ebitali binene nnyo bye Kaonde, Lozi, Luanda, ne Luvale.[2]<ref name="epr" /> Mu 2010, omuwendo gw'abantu gwateeberezebwa okuba ebitundu 21% Bemba, ebitundu 13.6% Tonga, ebitundu 7.4% Chewa, ebitundu 5.7% Lozi, ebitundu 5.3% Nsenga, ebitundu 4.4% Tumbuka, ebitundu 4.0% Ngoni, ne 38.6% abalala.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Bemba kye kisinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkono, Luapula, ne Copperbelt; ekibinja kya Tonga mu bitundu by'Obukiikaddyo, n'eby'Obugwanjuba; n'ekibinja kya Lozi mu bitundu by'Obugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Tumbuka ekitono ennyo kisangibwa mu kiwonvu kya Luangwa mu Buvanjuba.[2] Tewali kibinja ky'abantu aboogera olulimi olumu abasinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ebitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba tebirimu bantu bangi nnyo.<ref name="epr3">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ng’oggyeko olulimi, obuwangwa bukulu mu Zambia.<ref name="epr3" />Obuwangwa buno batera okubukwataganya n’obwesigwa bw’amaka oba n’ab’obuyinza eb'ennono. Obuwangwa buno busengekeddwa mu bibinja by’ennimi ebikulu.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Posner |first=Daniel N. |date=2005-06-06 |title=Institutions and Ethnic Politics in Africa |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-83398-1 |language=en |doi=10.1017/CBO9780511808661 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083432/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |archive-date=2023-03-21}}</ref> Abagwiira, okusingira ddala Abangereza oba Aba South Afrika, wamu n'abamu ku bannansi ba Zambia abeeru Abazungu abava mu Bungereza, babeera nnyo mu Lusaka ne mu Copperbelt mu Bukiikakkono bwa Zambia, gye baba nga bakola mu birombe, mu by'ensimbi n'emirimu emirala egifaananako bwe gityo oba nga bawummudde. Waaliwo Abazungu 70,000 mu Zambia mu 1964, naye bangi okuva olwo bavudde mu ggwanga.<ref name="Zambia" /> Zambia erina abantu abatono naye nga balina omugaso mu byenfuna abava mu Asia, abasinga obungi ku bo Buhindi ne Bachina. Ekibinja kino eky’abantu abatono ky'ekikyasinze okufuga eby’enfuna nga kye kikola ku by’okutunda ebintu. Kiteeberezebwa nti Abachina nga 80,000 be baali babeera mu Zambia mu 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ZAMBIA: Zambians wary of |url=http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910230935/http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-date=2011-09-10 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=IRINnews}}</ref> Mu myaka egiyise, ebikumi n’ebikumi by’abalimi abazungu abaali bagobeddwa mu Zimbabwe baasengukira e Zambia oluvannyuma lw’okuyitibwa gavumenti ya Zambia, okutandika okulima mu matwae g'omu Bukiikaddyo.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zim's Loss, Zam's gain: White Zimbabweans making good in Zambia|date=June 2004|newspaper=The Economist|access-date=28 August 2009|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110215085211/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-date=15 February 2011}}</ref><ref name="Spiegel">{{Cite news|title=Settling in Zambia: Zimbabwe's Displaced Farmers Find a New Home|last=Thielke|first=Thilo|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|date=27 December 2004|access-date=28 August 2009|periodical=[[Der Spiegel]]|archive-date=19 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619050250/http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza okwalebwa ku banoonyi b'obubuddamu mu 2009 ekyakubibwa akakiikio ka America akavunanyizibwa ku banoonyi b'obubudamu n'abagwiira eka U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, Zambia yalina omuwendo gw’abanoonyi b’obubudamu n’abanoonya obubudamu nga bali 88,900. Abanoonyi b’obubudamu abasinga obungi mu ggwanga baava mu Democratic Republic of the Congo (ababundabunda 47,300 okuva mu DRC ng'ababeera mu Zambia mu 2007), Angola (27,100 Bannangola Zambia), Zimbabwe (5,400) ne Rwanda (4,900).<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009">{{cite news|title=World Refugee Survey 2009|publisher=U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants|url=http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211175633/http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-date=11 December 2013}}</ref> Bannansi ba Zambia okutwaliza awamu baaniriza abagwira. Okutandika mu Gwokutaano 2008, omuwendo gw'Abazimbabwe mu Zambia gwatandika okulinnya ennyo; okuyingira kwali kusinga kw'Abazimbabwe abaali babeera mu South Africa abaali badduka obutabanguko obwali mu ggwanga eryo.<ref name="IRIN">{{Cite news|title=Zambia: Rising levels of resentment towards Zimbabweans|date=9 June 2008|access-date=7 August 2023|periodical=[[The New Humanitarian|IRIN News]]|url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2008/06/09/rising-levels-resentment-towards-zimbabweans|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930005909/http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=78648|archive-date=2009-09-30}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Kumpi abanoonyi b'obubudamo 60,000 babeera mu nkambi mu Zambia, ate 50,000 babeera mu bantu ba bulijjo. Abanoonyi b'obubudamo abaagala okukola mu Zambia balina okusaba olukusa saako n'ebiwandiiko ebikukkiriza okukola nga bino biyinza okutwala ddoola 500 buli mwaka.<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009" /> '''Eddiini''' Zambia mu butongole "eggwanga ery'Ekiikuristaayo" wansi wa Ssemateeka w'eggwanga owa 1996, naye essa ekitiibwa mu kukuuma eddembe ly'eddiini n'okusinza.<ref>{{cite web |date=30 June 2008 |title=Constitution of Zambia, 1991(Amended to 1996) |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105055544/http://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |archive-date=5 November 2012 |access-date=18 December 2012 |publisher=Scribd.com}}</ref> Zambia lye ggwanga lyokka mu Afirika erirangirira Obukristaayo ng'eddiini y'eggwanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Haynes |first=N. |date=2021 |title=Taking Dominion in a Christian Nation: North American Political Theology in an African Context |journal=Pneuma |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=214–232 |doi=10.1163/15700747-bja10036 |hdl=20.500.11820/48b556a6-cf81-4058-bf5b-894934a35ca0 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ekitongole kya Zambia ekivunaanyizibwa ku kubala abantu ekya Zambia Statistics Agency mu 2022 kyabalirira nti 98.0% ku Bannazambia Bakristaayo, nga 74.5% Bapulotesitanti, 17.9% Bakatoliki ate 5.6% Bajulirwa ba Yakuwa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2025-07-24 |title=RELIGIOUS LANDSCAPE OF ZAMBIA: AN ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF THE 2022 CENSUS FINDINGS |url=https://www.amulufeblog.com/2025/07/religious-landscape-of-zambia.html |access-date=2026-02-12 |website=Amulufeblog |language=en}}</ref> Enzikiriza z'ekikulisitaayo mu Zambia mulimu Apolotesitante, Abavangelika saako n'Abapentecoote.<ref name=":1" /> Obukristaayo bwatuuka mu Zambia okuyita mu bufuzi bw'amatwale obw'Abazungu, era enjawulo yaakyo ey'ebibiina eby'enjawulo eraga enkyukakyuka mu nkola y'obuminsani; okugeza, Obukatoliki bwava mu Mozambique ey'Abaportugalezi mu Buvanjuba, so ng'Obulokole bwava mu Bungereza mu Bukiikaddyo. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu 1964, Zambia yalaba okweyongera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibiina by'obuminsani ebirala okuva mu bitundu by'ensi ebitali bimu, naddala Amerika ey'Obukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. Mu byasa ebyaddirira, emirimu gy'obuminsani egy'Abazungu egyaddira abakkiriza ab'omu kitundu (okuggyako ebifo ebimu eby'obuminsani, gamba ng'abasawo). Oluvannyuma lwa Frederick Chiluba, Omukulisitaayo Omukristaayo, okufuuka pulezidenti mu 1991, ebibiina by'obuminsani eby'Abazungu byeyongera nnyo okwetooloola Zambia okuva mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu 1964, Zambia yalaba okweyongera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibiina by'obuminsani eby'Abazungu okuva mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani.<ref name="pentecostal">{{cite book |last=Steel |first=Matthew |year=2005 |title=Pentecostalism in Zambia: Power, Authority and the Overcomers |publisher=University of Wales |id=MSc Dissertation}}</ref> Eddiini z'Ekikristaayo ezimu ezirina abagoberezi batono mu nsi yonna zimanyiddwa nnyo mu Zambia. Eggwanga lino lirina abantu abawerako ab'enzikiriza y'eki Adiventi nga mu bibala ku Bazambia 18 osangamu 1 omu Adiventi.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 October 2012 |title=Zambia Union Conference&nbsp;– Adventist Directory |url=http://www.adventistdirectory.org/ViewAdmField.aspx?AdmFieldID=ZAUM |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427045842/https://www.adventistdirectory.org/ViewAdmField.aspx?AdmFieldID=ZAUM |archive-date=27 April 2023 |access-date=18 December 2012 |publisher=Adventistdirectory.org}}</ref> Ekkanisa y'Abalokole eya Central Africa erimu abagoberezi abasukka mu 11,000 mu ggwanga.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lutheran Church of Central Africa: Zambia |url=http://www.celc.info/site/cpage.asp?sec_id=180010197&cpage_id=180031341 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131193035/http://www.celc.info/site/cpage.asp?sec_id=180010197&cpage_id=180031341 |archive-date=31 January 2017 |publisher=Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference}}</ref> Abantu abasukka mu bitundu 12 ku buli kikumi mu Zambia basabira mu Kkanisa ya New Apostostoc Church.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hayashida |first=Nelson Osamu |date=1999 |title=Dreams in the African Literature: The Significance of Dreams and Visions Among Zambian Baptists |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CkNC6-Wmga4C&q=One+in+11+Zambians+is+a+member+of+the+New+Apostolic+Church&pg=PA36 |publisher=Rodopi |isbn=978-90-420-0596-9 |language=en |access-date=3 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518182155/https://books.google.com/books?id=CkNC6-Wmga4C&q=One+in+11+Zambians+is+a+member+of+the+New+Apostolic+Church&pg=PA36#v=snippet&q=One%20in%2011%20Zambians%20is%20a%20member%20of%20the%20New%20Apostolic%20Church&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nga balina abagoberezi abasukka mu kakadde kamu mu emitwalo abiri, eggwanga lirimu ekibiina ky'Abaseveniside ekisinga obunene mu Afirika, okuva ku bantu abasukka mu bukadde mwenda mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Membership figures of the global Church as at the end of 2009: New Apostolic Church International (NAC) |url=http://www.nak.org/news/naci-news/article/16710/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626032545/http://www.nak.org/news/naci-news/article/16710/ |archive-date=26 June 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.nak.org}}</ref> Abantu nga 2.7% ku Bannazambia Basiraamu, abasinga obungi nga Basunni n’abalala abatonotono nga Abaismaili ne Twelver Shia.<ref name="2023RIRF">{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2023-report-on-international-religious-freedom/zambia/ |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=United States Department of State |language=en-US}}</ref> Abasiraamu abali mu Zambia, abalina okubalibwa okw’omulundi ogumu nga 100,000 okusinziira ku kuteebereza okumu okwakolebwa, bazingiramu abanoonyi b’obubudamu okuva e Congo ne [[Somalia]], awamu n’abagwiira okuva mu South Asia ne mu ddungu ly'ebuwalabu abafuuse Bannazambia.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> Abahindu, abasinga obungi nga ba South Asian ancestry, baali nga 10,000 okusinziira ku kuteebereza okumu okwakolebwa, mu 2019.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> Ku ntikko y'akyo mu myaka gya 1960, Abayudaaya abaali mu Zambia abaali bawerera ddala 10,000 ng'abasinga baali basibuka mu Lithuania, Latvia ne Bugirimaani,<ref>{{cite web |last=Tutton |first=Mark |date=19 January 2012 |title=The forgotten story of Zambia's Jewish settlers |url=https://www.cnn.com/2012/01/19/world/africa/zambia-jewish-history/index.html |access-date=17 February 2025 |work=CNN}}</ref>okuva mu 2012 baali batono ddala okusinga Abazambia Abayudaaya ng'abasinga ku bbo baali bawangalira mu Lusaka mu matwale g'Obukiikakkono. Mu Zambia mulimu abantu batono ab'enzikiriza ya Baha ne Buddhists saako ne Sikhs.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> '''Ennimi''' Omuwendo omutuufu ogw'ennimi za Zambia tegumanyiddwa, wadde ng'ebiwandiiko bingi bigamba nti Zambia erina ennimi 73 ez’enjawulo; omuwendo guno guyinza okuba nga guva ku butawulira njawulo wakati w’ennimi n’ebigambo ebikozesebwa eby'enjawulo, nga basinziira ku kuba nti abantu basobola okutegeeragana nga boogera ennimi ez’enjawulo. Okusinziira ku kino, omuwendo gw’ennimi za Zambia guyinza okuba nga guli wakati wa 20 oba 30.<ref name="Chanda, Vincent M., and, Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. 2013 1–173">{{Cite book |author1=Chanda, Vincent M. |year=2013 |title=Speak Zambian Languages: Phrase Book in Bemba, Kaonde, Lozi, Luvale, Lunda, Nyanja and Tonga, all in one |author2=Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson |publisher=UNZA Press |isbn=978-9982-03-073-1 |location=Lusaka, Zambia |pages=1–173}}</ref> Olulimi olutongole mu Zambia lwe Lungereza, olukozesebwa mu bizinensi entongole, eby'enjigiriza, n’amateeka.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" />Olulimi olusinga okwogerwa mu Zambia, naddala mu Lusaka, lwe Lunyaanja (Chewa), oluddako Bemba. Mu birombe bya koppa, Bemba lwe lulimi olusinga okwogerwa era oluddako Nyanja. Olunyaanja n’Olubemba bye byogerwa mu bitundu eby’omu bibuga, okugatta ku nnimi endala eza wano ezaatera okwogerwa mu Zambia. Zino mulimu Lozi, Tumbuka, Kaonde, Tonga, Lunda ne Luvale, ezaalagibwa ku Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation (ZNBC) mu kitundu ky’ennimi za wano.<ref name="BritannicaPeople2">{{Cite web |title=Zambia – People |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambia/People |access-date=1 October 2024 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Chanda, Vincent M., and, Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. 2013 1–1732">{{Cite book |author1=Chanda, Vincent M. |year=2013 |title=Speak Zambian Languages: Phrase Book in Bemba, Kaonde, Lozi, Luvale, Lunda, Nyanja and Tonga, all in one |author2=Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson |publisher=UNZA Press |isbn=978-9982-03-073-1 |location=Lusaka, Zambia |pages=1–173}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. |year=2015 |title=The State of Affairs of Cultural Literacy in Zambia's Multicultural Education System. In A. L. Jotia and J. Dudu (Ed.), Multicultural Education Discourses: Breaking Barriers of Exclusion in Selected African Contexts |publisher=Zebra publishing (Pty) LTD |isbn=978-99945-84-99-4 |location=Windhoek, Namibia |pages=190–204}}</ref> Abasinga obungi bajja kwogera Olubemba n'Olunyanja mu Copperbelt; Olunyanja lusinga kwogerwa mu Lusaka ne mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia. Oluzungu lukozesebwa mu mpuliziganya entongole era lwe lulimi olusinga okwogerwa mu maka mu bantu abava mu mawanga ag'enjawulo. Okumelukawo kuno mu nnimi ereetedde olulimi olwogerwa mu Lusaka ne mu bibuga ebirala ebikulu. Abasinga obungi mu Zambia batera okwogera ennimi ezisukka mu lumu: olulimi olutongole, Oluzungu, n'olulimi olusinga okwogerwa mu kibuga oba mu kitundu gye babeera. Olupotugo luyigirizibwa ng'olulimi olw'okubiri mu masomo g'essomero olw'okubeerawo kw'Abangereza aboogera Olupotugo abangi mu Zambia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Actualités Afrique - Economie, sport, santé, politique |url=http://www.afriquejet.com/news/africa-news/zambia-to-introduce-portuguese-into-school-curriculum-2009041825794.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121208151924/http://www.afriquejet.com/news/africa-news/zambia-to-introduce-portuguese-into-school-curriculum-2009041825794.html |archive-date=2012-12-08 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.afriquejet.com |language=fr-fr}}</ref> '''Eby'enjigiriza''' Eddembe okufuna obuyigirize obwenkanankana era obumala eri bonna kikuumibwa mu ssemateeka wa Zambia.<ref>{{cite web |date=1996 |title=Laws of Zambia |url=http://www.parliament.gov.zm/acts/volumes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307105357/http://www.parliament.gov.zm/acts/volumes |archive-date=7 March 2016 |access-date=27 January 2016 |website=National Assembly of Zambia}}</ref> Etteeka ly’Obuyigirize erya 2011 likugira obuyigirize obwenkanankana era obw’omutindo.<ref>{{cite web |date=2011 |title=The Education Act (2011) |url=http://www.parliament.gov.zm/node/3324 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203063439/http://www.parliament.gov.zm/node/3324 |archive-date=3 February 2016 |access-date=27 January 2016 |website=National Assembly of Zambia}}</ref> Omutindo gw’obuyivu bw’olulimi Olungereza nga bwe gwali mu 2018 guli ebitundu 86.7%. Ensaasaanya ya gavumenti eya buli mwaka ku by'enjigiriza ebadde ya njawulo nnyo. Nga bwe kiri ebitundu ku mbalirira ya gavumenti, kyali ebitundu 19.6% mu 2006, ebitundu 15.3% mu 2011, n'ebitundu 20.2% mu 2015.<ref name="WorldBank_2015">{{cite report|author=<!--none listed-->|date=December 2015|title=Education Public Expenditure Review in Zambia|url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/431421468000590726/pdf/103870-PUB-PUBLIC-Education-Public-Expenditure-Review-in-Zambia.pdf|publisher=World Bank Group|page=36|access-date=2024-01-16|archive-date=16 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116202228/https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/431421468000590726/pdf/103870-PUB-PUBLIC-Education-Public-Expenditure-Review-in-Zambia.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Okutuuka mu 2020, ensaasaanya ku by'enjigiriza yali ebitundu 3.7% ku GDP. '''Eby'obulamu''' Zambia eri mu kiseera ky’okubalukawo kw’ekirwadde kya mukenenya, ng’omuwendo gw’abantu abalina akawuka ka mukenenya mu ggwanga lyonna guli ebitundu 12.10 ku buli kikumi mu bantu abakulu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Country Comparisons—HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/hiv-aids-adult-prevalence-rate/country-comparison |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425032850/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/hiv-aids-adult-prevalence-rate/country-comparison/ |archive-date=25 April 2022 |access-date=19 June 2021 |work=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |location=Langley, Virginia}}</ref> Kyokka, eggwanga lino likoze enkyukakyuka mu myaka ekkumi egiyise: Omuwendo gw’abantu abalina akawuka ka mukenenya mu bantu abakulu abali wakati w’emyaka 15–49 gukendedde okutuuka ku bitundu 13 ku buli kikumi mu 2013/14, bw’ogeraageranya n’ebitundu 16 ku buli kikumi emyaka nga kkumi emabega.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Children in Zambia |url=https://www.unicef.org/zambia/children-zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626221920/https://www.unicef.org/zambia/children-zambia |archive-date=26 June 2020 |access-date=27 May 2020 |publisher=UNICEF |language=en}}</ref> Ebiva mu bujjanjabi ebirala nabyo enkyukayuka ez'akolebwa, newankubadde nga bikyali bibi nnyo okusinzila ku mutindo gw’ensi yonna. Omuwendo gw’abantu abafa nga bazaala guli 135 ku buli kikumi mu 2020 nga bagerageranya n’abantu 169 mu 2014 ne 296 mu 2007;<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://genderdata.worldbank.org/en/economies/zambia#featured-indicators |access-date=2025-03-09 |website=World Bank Gender Data Portal |language=en}}</ref> mu myaka egyo emabega, omuwendo gw’abantu abafa nga bazaala guli 59.3 ku buli kikumi mu 2020 nga bagerageranya n’abantu 69.2 ne 93.3 mu 2014 ne 2007.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) |url=https://genderdata.worldbank.org/en/indicator/sh-dyn-mort?view=trend&gender=total&geos=ZMB |access-date=2025-03-09 |website=www.worldbank.org}}</ref> == Eby'enfuna == Mu 2022, Zambia ezitowa wakati w'obuwumbi bwa doolo 7.5 n'ebuwumbi 8 obuva mu by'obusuubuzi ebitundibwa w'abweru w'eggwanga buli mwaka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=International Trade Administration |date=2024-06-06 |title=Zambia - Market Overview |url=https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/zambia-market-overview |access-date=2024-06-23 |website=www.trade.gov |language=en}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] klvoa97l9dxbr3h4n5pzxsxpb6rnrt7 59372 59371 2026-07-06T17:28:26Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nyongeddeko ekiba 59372 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Amawanga ga Luba-Lunda oluvannyuma gaakendeera olw'okutunda abaddu mu Atlantic mu Bugwanjuba ne mu Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba ne mu ntalo n'ebibinja ebyali byawuddwa ku bwakabaka. Aba Chokwe, ekibinja ekirina oluganda olw'okumpi ne Luvale era ne kitondebwawo ng'eggwanga lya Lunda satellite, mu kusooka gaakosebwa olw'obwetaavu bwabaddu eri Abazungu, naye bwe baawukana ku bwakabaka, bo bennyini baafuuka batunzi ba baddu abamanyiddwa ennyo, nga batunda abaddu ku mbalama zombi. Abachokwe oluvannyuma baawangulwa amawanga amalala n'Abaportugali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azuonye |first=Chukwuma |date=15 December 1996 |title=Chokwe: (Angola, Zambia) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ejao3vG6nfsC&pg=PA11 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-1990-1 |language=en}}</ref> Obutali butebenkevu buno bwaviirako okugwa kw'obwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'abantu okusaasaanira mu bitundu bya Zambia eby'enjawulo okuva mu Democratic Republic of the Congo. Abazambia abasinga obungi balina obuzaale mu bwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'obwakabaka obulala obuli mu Masekkati ga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1200, ng’eggwanga lya Luba-Lunda terinnatandikibwawo, ekibinja ky’aba Bantu baatandika okusenguka okuva mu Congo Basin okudda ku Nnyanja Mweru ate oluvannyuma ne basenga okumpi n’ennyanja Malawi. Abasenze bano balowoozebwa okuba nga baali abamu ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky’e Upemba mu Democratic Republic of Congo. Mu myaka gya 1400, ebibinja by’abasenze bano awamu baayitibwanga Maravi, era nga mu bo mwalimu Abachewa abaatandika okukoppa ebibinja by’aba Bantu nga Tumbuka.<ref name="Team">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 1480 Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwatandikibwawo kalonga (omukulu w'obwakabaka bwa Maravi) okuva mu kika kya Phiri, kimu ku bika ebikulu, ng'ebirala mulimu Banda, Mwale ne Nkhoma. Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwali buva ku Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Enkulaakulana y'ebyobufuzi ey'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi yali efaanana ey'Obwakabaka bwa Luba era kigambibwa nti bwavaayo. Ekyamaguzi ekikulu eky'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi kyali amasanga, agaatundibwanga okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Ekyuma nakyo kyakolebwanga era ne kitundibwa mu nsi endala. Mu myaka gya 1590, Abapotigo baagezaako okweddiza eby'obusuubuzi n’okutunda Maravi mu nsi endala. Okugezaako kuno kwaleetawo obusungu mu Maravi ab’e Lundu, abaasumulula eggye lyabwe erya WaZimba. WaZimba baalumba ebibuga by’Abapotigo eby’obusuubuzi nga Tete, Sena n’ebibuga ebirala bingi.<ref name="thinkafrica.net">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Abamaravi nabo bateeberezebwa okuba nga baaleeta obulombolombo obwandifuuse ekibiina kya Nyau eky'ekyama okuva e Upemba. Aba Nyau be bakola ku nzikiriza oba eddiini y'obuwangwa ey'abantu b'omu Maravi. Ekibiina kya Nyau kirimu okuzina okw'obulombolombo n'obukookolo obukozesebwa mu kuzina; enzikiriza eno yasaasaana okwetooloola ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maptia |title=The Secret Cult of Nyau Dancers |url=https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108130415/https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-date=8 November 2020 |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=Maptia |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwakendeera olw'enkaayana ezikwata ku busika mu mukago, okulumbibwa Ngoni n'okulumba abaddu okuva mu Yao.<ref name="thinkafrica.net2">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa ne Mfecane''' Ng'Obwakabaka bwa Great Zimbabwe bwali bukendedde, omu ku balangira baabwo, Nyatsimba Mutota, yava mu ggwanga n'atandikawo obwakabaka obupya obuyitibwa Mutapa. Ekitiibwa kya Mwene Mutapa, ekitegeeza "Omulumbaganyi w'Ensi", kyamuweebwa era n'abafuzi abaddirira.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mwene Matapa {{!}} historical dynastic title, southern Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520141810/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |archive-date=20 May 2023 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwafuganga ekitundu ekiri wakati w’Omugga Zambezi n’Omugga Limpopo, mu kitundu ekiriwo kati ekiyitibwa Zambia, Zimbabwe ne Mozambique, okuva mu kyasa ekya 14 okutuusa mu kyasa ekya 17. Mu ntikko yaabwo, Mutapa yali awambye ekitundu kya Dande eky’Omugga Tonga ne Tavara. Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwasinganga kwetaba mu by’obusuubuzi okusomoka Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okutuuka mu mawanga ag’omu Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Okufaananako abantu abaaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu mu Maravi, Mutapa yalina obuzibu n’abasuubuzi Abapotigo abaali bazze. Obutategeeragana buno we bwatuukira ku ntikko, Abapotigo baali bagezezzaako okukyusa mu nsonga z’omunda mu bwakabaka nga batandikawo obutale mu bwakabaka era nga bakyusa abantu okubayingiza Obukristaayo. Ekikolwa kino kyaleetawo obusungu mu Basiraamu AbaSwahili abaali babeera mu kibuga ekikulu, akavuyo kano kaawa Abapotigo ensonga gye baali banoonya okulumba obwakabaka era bagezeeko okufuga ebirombe by'abwo ebya zaabu n'enguudo awayitira amasanga. Obulumbaganyi buno bwagwa butaka Abapotigo bwe baalumbibwa endwadde nga bayita ku mugga Zambezi.<ref name="Mutapa">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1600 enkaayana ez'omunda n'olutalo lw'omunda byatandika okukendeera kwa Mutapa. Obwakabaka obwali bunafuye bwawangulwa Abapotigo era oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera bwatwalibwa amawanga ga Shona bwe baali bawalangana.<ref name="Mutapa2">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Abapotigo nabo baalina ettaka ddene, eryali limanyiddwa nga Prazos, era baakozesanga abaddu n'abaali abaddu ng'abakuumi n'abayizzi. Baatendekanga abasajja mu bukodyo bw'amagye era ne babawa emmundu. Abasajja bano baafuuka abayizzi b'enjovu abakugu era baali bamanyiddwa nga ba Chikunda. Oluvannyuma lw'okukendeera kw'Abapotigo, Chikunda baasobola okwesolossa munda mu Zambia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2019 |title=Chikunda |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227184451/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |archive-date=27 February 2021 |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Portugal okubeera mu kitundu ekyo kyali nsonga lwaki obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwatandikibwawo, eggwanga eryali lyetongodde ku Mutapa. Omukulembeze w'obwakabaka bwa Rozvi, Changamire Dombo, yafuuka omu ku bakulembeze abasingayo amaanyi mu byafaayo bya South-Central Africa. Wansi w'obukulembeze bwe, obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwawangula Abapotigo ne babaggya mu bifo mwe baali bakolera bizineesi ku mugga Zambezi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rozwi {{!}} historical state, Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125203243/https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |archive-date=25 January 2021 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Naye oboolyawo ekyokulabirako ekisinga okumanyibwa mu kino okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti kwe kweyongera kw’Abazulu wansi w’obukulembeze bwa Shaka. Okupikirizibwa okuva eri Abangereza abafuzi b’amatwale mu Cape ne okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti mu Bazulu kyavaako Mfecane (okunyigirizibwa). Abazulu beeyongera nga bayingiza abakazi n’abaana b’ebika bye baawangula, singa abasajja b’ebika bino ebya Nguni baawona okuttibwa, baakozesa obukodyo bw’amagye obw’Abazulu okulumba ebibinja ebirala.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Kino kyaviirako abantu bangi okusenguka, entalo n'obulumbaganyi mu Bukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati ne mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika nga ab'ekika kya Nguni oba Ngoni nga bakulembeddwamu Zwagendaba baasomoka omugga Zambezi nga batambulira mu Bukiikakkono. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni be baakuba ekibuga Maravi Empire ekyali kinafuye. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni abasinga obungi baasenga mu kitundu ekyali Zambia, [[Malawi]], [[Mozambique]] ne [[Tanzania]] era ne beegatta ku bika ebyali mu kitundu ekyo.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history2">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Zambia, ekibinja ekirala eky’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Afirika eky’Abasotho-Tswana abava mu Luba ne Lunda ezaagwa edda abayitibwa Abaluyana baawamba Kololo ne bamussaako olulimi Olukololo okutuusa Abaluyana lwe beekalakaasa ne baggyako Kololo mu kiseera kino olulimi Olukololo lwali lwerabiddwa era olulimi olupya olugattiddwa lwe lwavaamu, SiLozi era Abaluyana baatandika okweyita Abalozi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lozi {{!}} people |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528092724/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |archive-date=28 May 2023 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kya 18, Abamu ku Mbunda baasengukira mu Barotseland, Mongu oluvannyuma lw'okusenguka kw'abantu abalala, nga muno mwe muli, Ciyengele.<ref>'' The elites of Barotseland, 1878–1969: a political history of Zambia's Western Province'': a. Gerald L. Caplan, C. Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd, 1970, {{ISBN|0-900966-38-6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=maniacky |first=jacky |title=bantu zone K |url=http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140411045127/http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-date=2014-04-11 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.bantu-languages.com}}</ref> '''Ekiseera ky'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' '''Abazungu''' Omu ku Bulaaya abaasooka okuwandiikibwa nga baakyalako mu kitundu kino yali omuvumbuzi Omupotigo Francisco de Lacerda ku nkomerero y'ekyasa ekya 18. Lacerda yakulemberamu ekibinja ky'abavumbuzi okuva e Mozambique okutuuka mu kitundu ky'e Kazembe mu Zambia (nga balina ekiruubirirwa eky'okuvumbula n'okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa okuva ku lubalama lw'ennyanja okutuuka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja omulundi ogusooka),<ref>{{cite web |year=1798 |title=Instructions and Travel Diary that Governor Francisco Joze de Lacerda e Almeida Wrote about His Travel to the Center of Africa, Going to the River of Sena, in the Year of 1798 |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905135844/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |archive-date=5 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Library of Congress}}</ref> era n'afa mu kiseera ky'olugendo mu 1798. Olugendo luno okuva olwo lwakulemberwamu mukwano gwe Francisco Pinto.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hartnett |first=Craig |title=Portuguese Expedition to Northern Rhodesia, 1798–99 |url=http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924023553/http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Great North Road (GNR, Northern Rhodesia, Zambia) |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ekitundu kino, ekisangibwa wakati wa Mozambique ne [[Angola]], kyali kigambibwa nti kyali kya Bupotugo mu kiseera ekyo. Abalala abava mu Bulaaya baagoberera mu kyasa 19. Eyasinga okumanyika mu bano yali David Livingstone, eyalina okwolesebwa okw'okukomya okusuubula abaddu ng'ayita mu "3Cs": Obukristaayo, Ebyobusuubuzi, n'Obuwangwa. Ye Muzungu eyasooka okulaba ebisulo by'amazzi ebyewuunyisa ku Mugga Zambezi mu 1855, n'abyogerako bw'ati: "Ebifo ebirabika obulungi bityo biteekwa okuba nga byatunuulirwa bamalayika mu kudduka kwabwe".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Livingstone Discovers Victoria Falls, 1855 |url=http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522092057/http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |archive-date=22 May 2020 |access-date=28 May 2020 |website=EyeWitness to History}}</ref> Mu kitundu kino ebiyiriro bimanyiddwa nga "Mosi-o-Tunya" oba "omukka ogubwatuka" mu lulimi Lozi oba Kololo. Ekibuga Livingstone, okumpi n'ebiyiriro, kiyitibwa erinnya lye. Emboozi ezikwata ku ŋŋendo ze zaali zimanyiddwa nnyo ne kiviirako abagenyi bangi okuva mu Bulaaya, abaminsani, n'abasuubuzi oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwe mu 1873.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627015544/https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-date=27 June 2020 |website=The Provincial Administration Website}}</ref> '''Kampuni ya British South Africa Company''' Mu 1888, kampuni ya British South Africa Company (BSA Company), eyakulemberwa Cecil Rhodes, yafuna olukusa okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka okuva ku Litunga ow'abantu ba Lozi, omukulu w'essaza ly'abantu ba Lozi (Ba-rotse) mu kitundu ekyafuuka Barotziland-North-Western Rhodesia.<ref name="livingstone">{{cite web |author=Livingstone Tourism Association |title=Destination:Zambia&nbsp;– History and Culture |url=http://www.livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012153527/http://livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> Ebuvanjuba, mu Gwekkumineebiri 1897 ekibinja ky’Abangoni oba Abangoni (abaasibuka mu Zululand) beekalakaasa nga bakulemberwa Tsinco, mutabani wa Kabaka Mpezeni, naye obujeemu bwakomezebwawo,<ref name="unam">{{cite web |author1=Human Rights |author2=Documentation Centre |name-list-style=amp |title=Zambia: Historical Background |url=http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311093653/http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-date=11 March 2007 |access-date=14 January 2011}}</ref> era Mpezeni n’akkiriza Pax Britannica. Ekitundu ky’eggwanga ekyo kyatandika okumanyibwa nga Rhodesia ey'omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba. Mu 1895, Rhodes yasaba omusikawutu wa Omumerika Frederick Russell Burnham okunoonya eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka n’engeri y’okulongoosaamu entambula y’emigga mu kitundu ekyo, era mu lugendo luno mwe mwazuulibwa Frederick Russell Burnham eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka bingi ku mugga Kafue.<ref name="burnham1899">{{cite book |last=Burnham |first=Frederick Russell |author-link=Frederick Russell Burnham |year=1899 |title=Bulawayo Up-to-date; Being a General Sketch of Rhodesia |title-link=s:Northern Rhodesia |publisher=Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co. |editor-last=Wills |editor-first=Walter H. |pages=177–180 |chapter=Northern Rhodesia}}</ref> '''Obufuzi bw'amatwale ga Bungereza''' Mu 1953, okutondebwawo kwa Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland z'agatta wamu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono ne Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo, ne Nyasaland (kati Malawi) ng’ekitundu kimu ekyetongodde. Kino kyakolebwa wadde nga waaliwo okuwakanyizibwa okuva mu bantu abatono, abaakola okwekalakaasa okwaliwo mu 1960–61.<ref name="infoplease">{{cite web |author=Pearson Education |title=Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Federation of |url=http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012231959/http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> '''Obwetwaaze''' Omukago gwasaanyizibwawo nga 31 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, era mu Gwoluberyeberye 1964, Kaunda yawangula akalulu k'Obwaminisita bwa Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono. Gavana w'amatwale, Sir Evelyn Hone, yali mukwano nnyo gwa Kaunda era yamukubiriza okwesimbawo ku kifo ekyo. Mangu ddala oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, waaliwo okwekalakaasa mu Bukiikakkono bw'eggwanga eryo eryali limanyiddwa nga Lumpa Uprising nga lyali liduumirwa Alice Lenshina – Kaunda's first internal conflict as leader of the nation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2020 |title=Alice Lenshina |url=https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228081501/https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |archive-date=28 February 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=The British Empire}}</ref> Rhodesia yafuuka Republic of Zambia nga 24 Ogwekkumi 1964, nga Kenneth Kaunda ye pulezidenti eyasooka. Ku kufuna obwetwaze, wadde nga yalina ebyobugagga eby'omu ttaka ebingi, Zambia yasanga okusoomoozebwa okw'amaanyi. Munda mu ggwanga, waaliwo Abazambia abatendeke era abayivu abasukka mu 70,000 abaali basobola okuddukanya gavumenti, era ebyenfuna byali byesigamye nnyo ku bakugu okuva mu mawanga amalala. Obukugu buno bwaweebwa mu ngeri emu oba endala omubaka wa Bungereza mu Zambia John Willson.<ref>[http://www.chu.cam.ac.uk/archives/collections/BDOHP/Willson.pdf WILLSON, John Michael (born 15 July 1931)]{{Dead link|date=June 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}. BDOHP Biographical Details and Interview Index. chu.cam.ac.uk</ref> Waaliwo Abazungu abasukka mu 70,000 ababeera mu Zambia mu 1964, era baasigala nga ba mugaso nnyo mu byenfuna.<ref name="Zambia">{{Cite news|date=1964-10-25|title=1964: President Kaunda takes power in Zambia|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605125604/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-date=5 June 2013|access-date=2025-09-13|url-status=live|language=en-GB}}</ref> Kaunda okuwagira abayeekera ba Patriotic Front abaali bakola obulumbaganyi mu mawanga ag'omuliraano (Bukiikaddyo) Rhodesia kyaleetawo obunkenke mu by'obufuzi era ne kireetawo okukozesa amagye ku nsalo, era kino kyaviirako ensalo okuggalwa mu 1973.<ref name="blackfire">{{cite book |last=Raeburn |first=Michael |year=1978 |title=We are everywhere: Narratives from Rhodesian guerillas |url=https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-0-394-50530-5 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 1–209]}}</ref>Ebbibiro ly'amasannyalaze erya Kariba ku mugga Zambezi lyawa amasannyalaze agamala okukola ku byetaago by'eggwanga eby'amasannyalaze, wadde nga Rhodesia ye yali ekola ku by'amasannyalaze. Nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1978, ennyonyi ey'abantu ba bulijjo, Air Rhodesia Flight 825, yakubibwa amasasi okumpi ne Kariba abayeekera ba Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) abaakulemberwa Joshua Nkomo. Rhodesia yaddamu n'ekikwekweto kya Gatling, okulumba enkambi endala mu Zambia nga bakozesa amaanyi g'ennyonyi n'abajaasi abakugu mu kubuuka mu bbanga n'abajaasi abakugu mu kukozesa ennyonyi.<ref>{{cite web |title=GREEN LEADER. OPERATION GATLING, THE RHODESIAN MILITARY'S RESPONSE TO THE VISCOUNT TRAGEDY |url=http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125155440/http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-date=25 January 2017 |access-date=22 April 2017}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1970, Mozambique ne Angola zaali zifunye obwetwaze okuva ku Portugal. Gavumenti ya Rhodesia eyali esingamu abazungu, eyafulumya Ekirangiriro ky’Obwetwaze mu 1965, yakkiriza obufuzi obw’abantu abangi wansi w’Endagaano ya Lancaster House mu 1979.<ref name="zimstudy">{{cite book |last=Nelson |first=Harold |year=1983 |title=Zimbabwe: A Country Study |publisher=Claitors Publishing Division |isbn=978-0-16-001598-4 |pages=54–137}}</ref> Obukuubagano mu bitundu byombi ebyali bifugibwa Abapotigo n'olutalo lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwa [[Namibia]] byaviirako okuyingira kw'abanoonyi b'obubudamuera ne kyongera ku buzibu bw'ebyentambula. Oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Benguela, olwayita mu [[Angola]], lwaggalwawo ddala eri ebyentambula bya Zambia mu myaka gya 1970 egyali gisembayo. Zambia okuwagira ebibiina ebirwanyisa obusosoze mu mawanga nga African National Congress (ANC) era kyaleetawo obuzibu bw'ebyokwerinda ng'amagye ga South Africa Defence Force galumba ebifo ebitali bimu mu lutalo lw'okulwanyisa obwetwaze bwa Namibia.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Evans, M. |year=1984 |title=The Front-Line States, South Africa and Southern African Security: Military Prospects and Perspectives |url=http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/Journal%20of%20the%20University%20of%20Zimbabwe/vol12n1/juz012001002.pdf |journal=Zambezia |volume=12 |page=1}}</ref> '''Ebizibu by'ebyenfuna''' Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1970, omuwendo gwa kkopa, ekyamaguzi ekikulu ekiva mu Zambia, gwasereba nnyo mu nsi yonna. Mu mbeera ya Zambia, obungi bw'okutambuza kkopa eŋŋendo empanvu okutuuka mu katale kyali kizibu kinene. Zambia yasaba obuyambi okuva mu mawanga ag'ebweru n'ag'ensi yonna, naye, nga bbeeyi ya kkopa esigadde nga yasereba, kyeyongera okubeera ekizibu okusasula amabanja gaayo agaali geeyongera. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1990, wadde nga tewaaliwo kusonyiyibwa mabanja, ebbeyi ya kkopa eyali eva mu Zambia yali emu ku bintu ebyali bisinga okuba eby'ebbeeyi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia (12/08) |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625080205/https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |archive-date=25 June 2020 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> '''Okukola ku nsonga z'abantu''' Mu Gwomukaaga 1990, obwegugungo obwali buwakanya Kaunda bwatandika era abeekalakaasi bangi battibwa gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2020 |title=About Zambia |url=http://www.psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509233410/http://psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-date=9 May 2016 |access-date=20 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bartlett |first=David M. C. |date=2000 |title=Civil Society and Democracy: A Zambian Case Study |journal=Journal of Southern African Studies |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=429–446 |doi=10.1080/030570700750019655 |issn=0305-7070 |jstor=2637411 |s2cid=143480603}}</ref>Mu 1990, Kaunda yawona okulumbibwa amagye, era mu 1991, yakkiriza okuzzaawo enfuga ey'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, oluvannyuma lw'okussaawo enfuga ey'ekibiina ekimu wansi w'akakiiko ka Choma aka 1972. Oluvannyuma lw'okulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, Kaunda yaggyibwa mu woofiisi oluvannyuma lw'okuwangulwa mu kulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi Frederick Chiluba. Mu myaka gya 2000, ebyenfuna byanywerera, ne bituuka ku kweyongera kw'ebbeeyi y'ebintu mu 2006–2007, okweyongera kw'ebyenfuna, okukendeera kw'amagoba, n'okweyongera kw'omutindo gw'ebyobusuubuzi. Bingi ku kukulaakulana kuno kuvudde ku kusiga ensimbi okuva ebweru mu by'okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka n'okweyongera kw'emiwendo gy'ekikomo mu nsi yonna. Bino byonna byaleetera Zambia okusikirizibwa ennyo abagabi b'obuyambi era ne kireetera abasiga nsimbi okwongera okwesiga eggwanga lino. == Ebyobufuzi == Ebyobufuzi mu Zambia bitambulira mu nkola ey'omukulembeze w'eggwanga omukiise mu demokulasiya ow'eggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo, omukulembeze wa Zambia y'akulira eggwanga era akulira gavumenti mu ggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo. Gavumenti ekozesa obuyinza obw'okuteeka mu nkola, ate obuyinza obw'okukola amateeka buweebwa gavumenti ne paalamenti. Zambia yafuuka repubuliki oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu Gwekkumi 1964. Okuva mu 2011 okutuuka mu 2014, pulezidenti wa Zambia yali Michael Sata, okutuusa Sata lwe yafa nga 28 Ogwekkumi 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zambian President Michael Sata dies in London - BBC News|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705073526/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-date=2017-07-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=BBC News|language=en-GB}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Sata, omumyuka wa pulezidenti Guy Scott, Omuzambia ow'ensibuko y'Abasikawutu, yafuuka omukungu akola nga pulezidenti. Okulonda kwa pulezidenti kwaliwo nga 22 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015. Omugatte gw’abantu 11 abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti be beesimbawo mu kulonda era nga 24 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015, kyalangirirwa nti Edgar Chagwa Lungu yali awangudde okulonda okufuuka pulezidenti ow’omukaaga. Yawangula ebitundu 48.33% eby’obululu, ng’obululu 1.66% bwali bumusinga ku munnabyabufuzi akyasinze okuvuganya gavumenti, Hakainde Hichilema, eyafuna ebitundu 46.67%.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Defence Minister Lungu wins Zambia's disputed presidential race|url=http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305065726/http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-date=2016-03-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=Yahoo News|language=en-US}}</ref>Abantu abalala mwenda abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti baafuna obululu obutaweza na bitundu 1% ku bululu bwonna. Mu kulonda pkwaliwo mu Gwomunaana 2016 Zambian general election pulezidenti Edgar Lungu yawangula okulonda okw’omulundi ogw’okubiri. Omukago ogutaba ebibiina by’ebyobufuzi ogwa Patriotic Front (PF) gwagaana ebyali byogerwa ab’oludda oluvuganya gavumenti, UPND party.<ref name="bbc-15aug2016">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|title=Zambia's President Edgar Lungu declared election winner|work=BBC News|date=15 August 2016|access-date=17 May 2021|archive-date=26 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026223033/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021, okwalimu abalonzi 70% ku abo abaali basuubirwa, Hakainde Hichilema yawangula ebitundu 59% eby’obululu, ng’omuvuganya we eyali asingayo okuba ow’amaanyi, Edgar Chagwa Lungu, eyali pulezidenti mu kiseera ekyo, yafuna ebitundu 39% eby’obululu.<ref name="zm-elec-39">{{Cite news|url=https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm|title=Presidential Election Results|work=Electoral Commission of Zambia|date=16 August 2021|access-date=27 December 2021|archive-date=2 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102194510/https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm/}}</ref> Nga 16 Ogwomunaana Edgar Lungu yakkiriza mu kiwandiiko kye yafulumya ku ttivi, ng’aweereza ebbaluwa era ng’ayozayoza pulezidenti omulonde Hakainde Hichilema.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-08-16|title=Zambia election: Hakainde Hichilema beats President Edgar Lungu|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|access-date=2021-08-16|archive-date=24 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824152003/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|last=Kabwe|first=Zitto|author-link=Zitto Kabwe|user=zittokabwe|number=1426967254986629126|date=15 August 2021|title=#Zambia President @EdgarCLungu has conceded in a letter sent to now president elect @HHichilema of @UPNDZM. Once again Zambia has shown the world the level of its democratic maturity. Peaceful transfer of power is happening for third time in history. Congratulations Zambians|language=en|access-date=30 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827180204/https://twitter.com/zittokabwe/status/1426967254986629126|archive-date=27 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomunaana 2021, Hakainde Hichilema yalayizibwa nga pulezidenti wa Zambia omuggya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2021 |title=Zambia's Hakainde Hichilema sworn in as President in rare victory for an African opposition leader |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116213703/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |archive-date=16 November 2021 |access-date=16 November 2021}}</ref> '''Amaggye''' Mu 2019, Zambia yassa omukono ku ndagaano ya UN ekwata ku Kuziyiza eby'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa ebya Nukiriya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2017 |title=Chapter XXVI: Disarmament&nbsp;– No. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806220546/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |archive-date=6 August 2019 |access-date=18 October 2019 |publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection}}</ref> '''Amateeka n'eddembe ly'obuntu''' Gavumenti evunaanye abavumirira nga bakozesa ebigambo by'amateeka nti baali bawabya abantu. Amateeka agakwata ku kuwandiika ebintu ebikyamu gakozesebwa okukugira eddembe ly'okwogera ne bannamawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2015 |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225030706/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-date=2021-02-25 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=2009-2017.state.gov}}</ref> Ebikolwa eby'okweganza wakati w'abantu ab'ekikula ekimu kimenya mateeka eri abasajja n'abakazi mu Zambia.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 May 2016 |title=State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition |url=http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902183618/http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |archive-date=2 September 2017 |access-date=29 July 2017 |website=[[International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Daniel|last=Avery|title=71 Countries Where Homosexuality is Illegal|url=https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|work=Newsweek|date=4 April 2019|access-date=18 August 2019|archive-date=11 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211204842/https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|url-status=live}}</ref> Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu 2010 kwalaga nti ebitundu 2% ebya Bannansi ba Zambia bakitwala nti okulya ebisiyaga tekirina buzibu bwonna ku mpisa.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Meyer |first1=Birgit |date=2021 |title=What Is Religion in Africa? Relational Dynamics in an Entangled World |journal=Journal of Religion in Africa |publisher=Brill |volume=50 |issue=1–2 |pages=156–181 |doi=10.1163/15700666-12340184 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2019, kyategeezebwa nti Omubaka wa Amerika mu Zambia Daniel Lewis Foote "yakwatibwa ensisi" olw'engeri Zambia gy'ekuumamu abalyi b'ebisiyaga mu makomera. Oluvannyuma lw'okujulira ne kulema era nga n'abafumbo bano Japhet Chataba ne Steven Samba baasalirwa ekibonerezo kya kusibibwa emyaka 15 mu makomera, Foote yasaba gavumenti ya Zambia okuddamu okwekenneenya omusango guno n'amateeka ga Zambia agalwanyisa ebisiyaga. Foote yafuna obuzibu era n'asazaamu okujja mu bantu oluvannyuma lw'okutiisibwatiisibwa ku mikutu gya yintaneeti, era oluvannyuma lw'okulangirirwa Lungu nti y'omuntu ataagalwa mu ggwanga eryo.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 December 2019 |title=US recalls ambassador to Zambia after gay rights row |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231195603/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |archive-date=31 December 2019 |access-date=12 January 2020 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 2026, gavumenti ya Zambia yavumirirwa olw'okwongezaayo olukiiko olw'amaanyi olw'ensi yonna olw'eddembe ly'obuntu, RightsCon, ennaku musanvu zokka nga tezinnatuuka okubeerawo mu Lusaka. Olukiiko olwo oluvannyuma lwasazibwamu oluvannyuma lw'okumanya nti gavumenti ya Zambia yali esaba, kirabika nga kya kusaba kw'abakungu ba China, okulungamya n'okuggyako aboogezi okuva e Taiwan. Abakugu baayogedde ku kweraliikirira olw'okulondoola n'okweyongera kw'obulabe eri ebitongole by'obwanakyewa.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gault ·|first1=Matthew|title=World's Largest Digital Human Rights Conference Suddenly Canceled|url=https://www.404media.co/rightscon-human-rights-conference-suddenly-postponed/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=404 Media|date=29 April 2026|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Elliott|first1=Vittoria|title=The Chinese Government Just Got the World's Largest Digital Rights Conference Canceled|url=https://www.wired.com/story/the-chinese-government-pressured-zambia-to-cancel-the-worlds-largest-digital-rights-conference/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Wired|date=1 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hendrix|first1=Justin|title=RightsCon Canceled After Zambia Requires 'Full Alignment' With 'National Values'|url=https://www.techpolicy.press/rightscon-canceled-after-zambia-requires-full-alignment-with-national-values/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Tech Policy Press|date=30 April 2026|language=en}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo by'abantu''' Okusinziira ku kubala abantu okwa 2022 mu Zambia, omuwendo gw'abantu mu Zambia gwali 19,610,769.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia's Population up to 19,610,769 in 2022 from 13,092,666 in 2010 – Zambia Statistics Agency |url=https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305022051/https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |archive-date=5 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ebibinja by'abantu ebisinga obunene mu Zambia beebo abayitibwa Bemba obukadde 3.3 (33.6%), Nyanja obukadde 1.8 (18.2%), Tonga obukadde 1.7 (16.8%), Abantu ab’omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba 1,000,000 (10.3%), Abalozii (Barotse) 770,000 (7.8%), Abamabwe 580,000 (5.9%), Abatumbuka 500,000 (5.1%), Abalamba 165,000 (2%), Abayindi 11,900 n’Abazungu 6,200.<ref>{{cite journal |date=2 November 2023 |title=Zambia |url=https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909114747/https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |archive-date=9 September 2023 |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=minorityrights.org}}</ref> Zambia y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubeeramu abantu mu bibuga mu Afirika eri wansi wa Sahara, ng'ebitundu 44% eby'abantu babeera mu bitundu ebisinga okubeeramu entambula, so ng'ate ebyalo birimu abantu batono nnyo. Omuwendo gw'abaana abazaalibwa gwali 6.2 mu 2007 (6.1 mu 1996, 5.9 mu 2001–02).<ref>{{cite web |title=Welcome to the Official site of Zambian Statistics |url=http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113144454/http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-date=13 November 2014 |access-date=11 April 2014 |publisher=Zamstats.gov.zm}}</ref> '''Ebibuga ebisinga obunene''' Okutandika kw'okuyiikuula ekikomo mu makolero ku Copperbelt mu myaka gya 1920 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga. Wadde ng'okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga kwali kuteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, kyali kinene nnyo.[1] Ebibuga ebikolebwamu eby'obugagga ku Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali eteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, yali nnene nnyo.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Potts |first=Deborah |date=2005 |title=Counter-urbanisation on the Zambian Copperbelt? Interpretations and implications |journal=Urban Studies |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=583–609 |bibcode=2005UrbSt..42..583P |doi=10.1080/00420980500060137 |s2cid=154412136}}</ref> Ebibuga ebirimu ebirombe bya Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali y'etoloolera ku gaali z'omukka n'enguudo okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwe bironbe bya kkoppa okuyita mu Kapiri Mposhi, Lusaka, Choma ne Livingstone. '''Ebibinja by'abantu''' Zambia elimu ebika nga 73,<ref name="BritannicaPeople">{{Cite web |title=Zambia – People |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambia/People |access-date=1 October 2024 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref><ref name="epr">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> wadde mu nkola waliwo ebibinja ebitono ebirabika obulungi.[2] Abazambia abasinga boogera Olubantu.<ref name="epr2">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ebibinja ebisinga obunene mu lulimi bye Bemba, Nyanja (era ekiyitibwa Chewa), ne Tonga; ebibinja ebirala ebitali binene nnyo bye Kaonde, Lozi, Luanda, ne Luvale.[2]<ref name="epr" /> Mu 2010, omuwendo gw'abantu gwateeberezebwa okuba ebitundu 21% Bemba, ebitundu 13.6% Tonga, ebitundu 7.4% Chewa, ebitundu 5.7% Lozi, ebitundu 5.3% Nsenga, ebitundu 4.4% Tumbuka, ebitundu 4.0% Ngoni, ne 38.6% abalala.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Bemba kye kisinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkono, Luapula, ne Copperbelt; ekibinja kya Tonga mu bitundu by'Obukiikaddyo, n'eby'Obugwanjuba; n'ekibinja kya Lozi mu bitundu by'Obugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Tumbuka ekitono ennyo kisangibwa mu kiwonvu kya Luangwa mu Buvanjuba.[2] Tewali kibinja ky'abantu aboogera olulimi olumu abasinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ebitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba tebirimu bantu bangi nnyo.<ref name="epr3">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ng’oggyeko olulimi, obuwangwa bukulu mu Zambia.<ref name="epr3" />Obuwangwa buno batera okubukwataganya n’obwesigwa bw’amaka oba n’ab’obuyinza eb'ennono. Obuwangwa buno busengekeddwa mu bibinja by’ennimi ebikulu.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Posner |first=Daniel N. |date=2005-06-06 |title=Institutions and Ethnic Politics in Africa |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-83398-1 |language=en |doi=10.1017/CBO9780511808661 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083432/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |archive-date=2023-03-21}}</ref> Abagwiira, okusingira ddala Abangereza oba Aba South Afrika, wamu n'abamu ku bannansi ba Zambia abeeru Abazungu abava mu Bungereza, babeera nnyo mu Lusaka ne mu Copperbelt mu Bukiikakkono bwa Zambia, gye baba nga bakola mu birombe, mu by'ensimbi n'emirimu emirala egifaananako bwe gityo oba nga bawummudde. Waaliwo Abazungu 70,000 mu Zambia mu 1964, naye bangi okuva olwo bavudde mu ggwanga.<ref name="Zambia" /> Zambia erina abantu abatono naye nga balina omugaso mu byenfuna abava mu Asia, abasinga obungi ku bo Buhindi ne Bachina. Ekibinja kino eky’abantu abatono ky'ekikyasinze okufuga eby’enfuna nga kye kikola ku by’okutunda ebintu. Kiteeberezebwa nti Abachina nga 80,000 be baali babeera mu Zambia mu 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ZAMBIA: Zambians wary of |url=http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910230935/http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-date=2011-09-10 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=IRINnews}}</ref> Mu myaka egiyise, ebikumi n’ebikumi by’abalimi abazungu abaali bagobeddwa mu Zimbabwe baasengukira e Zambia oluvannyuma lw’okuyitibwa gavumenti ya Zambia, okutandika okulima mu matwae g'omu Bukiikaddyo.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zim's Loss, Zam's gain: White Zimbabweans making good in Zambia|date=June 2004|newspaper=The Economist|access-date=28 August 2009|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110215085211/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-date=15 February 2011}}</ref><ref name="Spiegel">{{Cite news|title=Settling in Zambia: Zimbabwe's Displaced Farmers Find a New Home|last=Thielke|first=Thilo|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|date=27 December 2004|access-date=28 August 2009|periodical=[[Der Spiegel]]|archive-date=19 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619050250/http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza okwalebwa ku banoonyi b'obubuddamu mu 2009 ekyakubibwa akakiikio ka America akavunanyizibwa ku banoonyi b'obubudamu n'abagwiira eka U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, Zambia yalina omuwendo gw’abanoonyi b’obubudamu n’abanoonya obubudamu nga bali 88,900. Abanoonyi b’obubudamu abasinga obungi mu ggwanga baava mu Democratic Republic of the Congo (ababundabunda 47,300 okuva mu DRC ng'ababeera mu Zambia mu 2007), Angola (27,100 Bannangola Zambia), Zimbabwe (5,400) ne Rwanda (4,900).<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009">{{cite news|title=World Refugee Survey 2009|publisher=U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants|url=http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211175633/http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-date=11 December 2013}}</ref> Bannansi ba Zambia okutwaliza awamu baaniriza abagwira. Okutandika mu Gwokutaano 2008, omuwendo gw'Abazimbabwe mu Zambia gwatandika okulinnya ennyo; okuyingira kwali kusinga kw'Abazimbabwe abaali babeera mu South Africa abaali badduka obutabanguko obwali mu ggwanga eryo.<ref name="IRIN">{{Cite news|title=Zambia: Rising levels of resentment towards Zimbabweans|date=9 June 2008|access-date=7 August 2023|periodical=[[The New Humanitarian|IRIN News]]|url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2008/06/09/rising-levels-resentment-towards-zimbabweans|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930005909/http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=78648|archive-date=2009-09-30}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Kumpi abanoonyi b'obubudamo 60,000 babeera mu nkambi mu Zambia, ate 50,000 babeera mu bantu ba bulijjo. Abanoonyi b'obubudamo abaagala okukola mu Zambia balina okusaba olukusa saako n'ebiwandiiko ebikukkiriza okukola nga bino biyinza okutwala ddoola 500 buli mwaka.<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009" /> '''Eddiini''' Zambia mu butongole "eggwanga ery'Ekiikuristaayo" wansi wa Ssemateeka w'eggwanga owa 1996, naye essa ekitiibwa mu kukuuma eddembe ly'eddiini n'okusinza.<ref>{{cite web |date=30 June 2008 |title=Constitution of Zambia, 1991(Amended to 1996) |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105055544/http://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |archive-date=5 November 2012 |access-date=18 December 2012 |publisher=Scribd.com}}</ref> Zambia lye ggwanga lyokka mu Afirika erirangirira Obukristaayo ng'eddiini y'eggwanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Haynes |first=N. |date=2021 |title=Taking Dominion in a Christian Nation: North American Political Theology in an African Context |journal=Pneuma |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=214–232 |doi=10.1163/15700747-bja10036 |hdl=20.500.11820/48b556a6-cf81-4058-bf5b-894934a35ca0 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ekitongole kya Zambia ekivunaanyizibwa ku kubala abantu ekya Zambia Statistics Agency mu 2022 kyabalirira nti 98.0% ku Bannazambia Bakristaayo, nga 74.5% Bapulotesitanti, 17.9% Bakatoliki ate 5.6% Bajulirwa ba Yakuwa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2025-07-24 |title=RELIGIOUS LANDSCAPE OF ZAMBIA: AN ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF THE 2022 CENSUS FINDINGS |url=https://www.amulufeblog.com/2025/07/religious-landscape-of-zambia.html |access-date=2026-02-12 |website=Amulufeblog |language=en}}</ref> Enzikiriza z'ekikulisitaayo mu Zambia mulimu Apolotesitante, Abavangelika saako n'Abapentecoote.<ref name=":1" /> Obukristaayo bwatuuka mu Zambia okuyita mu bufuzi bw'amatwale obw'Abazungu, era enjawulo yaakyo ey'ebibiina eby'enjawulo eraga enkyukakyuka mu nkola y'obuminsani; okugeza, Obukatoliki bwava mu Mozambique ey'Abaportugalezi mu Buvanjuba, so ng'Obulokole bwava mu Bungereza mu Bukiikaddyo. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu 1964, Zambia yalaba okweyongera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibiina by'obuminsani ebirala okuva mu bitundu by'ensi ebitali bimu, naddala Amerika ey'Obukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. Mu byasa ebyaddirira, emirimu gy'obuminsani egy'Abazungu egyaddira abakkiriza ab'omu kitundu (okuggyako ebifo ebimu eby'obuminsani, gamba ng'abasawo). Oluvannyuma lwa Frederick Chiluba, Omukulisitaayo Omukristaayo, okufuuka pulezidenti mu 1991, ebibiina by'obuminsani eby'Abazungu byeyongera nnyo okwetooloola Zambia okuva mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu 1964, Zambia yalaba okweyongera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibiina by'obuminsani eby'Abazungu okuva mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani.<ref name="pentecostal">{{cite book |last=Steel |first=Matthew |year=2005 |title=Pentecostalism in Zambia: Power, Authority and the Overcomers |publisher=University of Wales |id=MSc Dissertation}}</ref> Eddiini z'Ekikristaayo ezimu ezirina abagoberezi batono mu nsi yonna zimanyiddwa nnyo mu Zambia. Eggwanga lino lirina abantu abawerako ab'enzikiriza y'eki Adiventi nga mu bibala ku Bazambia 18 osangamu 1 omu Adiventi.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 October 2012 |title=Zambia Union Conference&nbsp;– Adventist Directory |url=http://www.adventistdirectory.org/ViewAdmField.aspx?AdmFieldID=ZAUM |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427045842/https://www.adventistdirectory.org/ViewAdmField.aspx?AdmFieldID=ZAUM |archive-date=27 April 2023 |access-date=18 December 2012 |publisher=Adventistdirectory.org}}</ref> Ekkanisa y'Abalokole eya Central Africa erimu abagoberezi abasukka mu 11,000 mu ggwanga.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lutheran Church of Central Africa: Zambia |url=http://www.celc.info/site/cpage.asp?sec_id=180010197&cpage_id=180031341 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131193035/http://www.celc.info/site/cpage.asp?sec_id=180010197&cpage_id=180031341 |archive-date=31 January 2017 |publisher=Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference}}</ref> Abantu abasukka mu bitundu 12 ku buli kikumi mu Zambia basabira mu Kkanisa ya New Apostostoc Church.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hayashida |first=Nelson Osamu |date=1999 |title=Dreams in the African Literature: The Significance of Dreams and Visions Among Zambian Baptists |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CkNC6-Wmga4C&q=One+in+11+Zambians+is+a+member+of+the+New+Apostolic+Church&pg=PA36 |publisher=Rodopi |isbn=978-90-420-0596-9 |language=en |access-date=3 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518182155/https://books.google.com/books?id=CkNC6-Wmga4C&q=One+in+11+Zambians+is+a+member+of+the+New+Apostolic+Church&pg=PA36#v=snippet&q=One%20in%2011%20Zambians%20is%20a%20member%20of%20the%20New%20Apostolic%20Church&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nga balina abagoberezi abasukka mu kakadde kamu mu emitwalo abiri, eggwanga lirimu ekibiina ky'Abaseveniside ekisinga obunene mu Afirika, okuva ku bantu abasukka mu bukadde mwenda mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Membership figures of the global Church as at the end of 2009: New Apostolic Church International (NAC) |url=http://www.nak.org/news/naci-news/article/16710/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626032545/http://www.nak.org/news/naci-news/article/16710/ |archive-date=26 June 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.nak.org}}</ref> Abantu nga 2.7% ku Bannazambia Basiraamu, abasinga obungi nga Basunni n’abalala abatonotono nga Abaismaili ne Twelver Shia.<ref name="2023RIRF">{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2023-report-on-international-religious-freedom/zambia/ |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=United States Department of State |language=en-US}}</ref> Abasiraamu abali mu Zambia, abalina okubalibwa okw’omulundi ogumu nga 100,000 okusinziira ku kuteebereza okumu okwakolebwa, bazingiramu abanoonyi b’obubudamu okuva e Congo ne [[Somalia]], awamu n’abagwiira okuva mu South Asia ne mu ddungu ly'ebuwalabu abafuuse Bannazambia.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> Abahindu, abasinga obungi nga ba South Asian ancestry, baali nga 10,000 okusinziira ku kuteebereza okumu okwakolebwa, mu 2019.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> Ku ntikko y'akyo mu myaka gya 1960, Abayudaaya abaali mu Zambia abaali bawerera ddala 10,000 ng'abasinga baali basibuka mu Lithuania, Latvia ne Bugirimaani,<ref>{{cite web |last=Tutton |first=Mark |date=19 January 2012 |title=The forgotten story of Zambia's Jewish settlers |url=https://www.cnn.com/2012/01/19/world/africa/zambia-jewish-history/index.html |access-date=17 February 2025 |work=CNN}}</ref>okuva mu 2012 baali batono ddala okusinga Abazambia Abayudaaya ng'abasinga ku bbo baali bawangalira mu Lusaka mu matwale g'Obukiikakkono. Mu Zambia mulimu abantu batono ab'enzikiriza ya Baha ne Buddhists saako ne Sikhs.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> '''Ennimi''' Omuwendo omutuufu ogw'ennimi za Zambia tegumanyiddwa, wadde ng'ebiwandiiko bingi bigamba nti Zambia erina ennimi 73 ez’enjawulo; omuwendo guno guyinza okuba nga guva ku butawulira njawulo wakati w’ennimi n’ebigambo ebikozesebwa eby'enjawulo, nga basinziira ku kuba nti abantu basobola okutegeeragana nga boogera ennimi ez’enjawulo. Okusinziira ku kino, omuwendo gw’ennimi za Zambia guyinza okuba nga guli wakati wa 20 oba 30.<ref name="Chanda, Vincent M., and, Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. 2013 1–173">{{Cite book |author1=Chanda, Vincent M. |year=2013 |title=Speak Zambian Languages: Phrase Book in Bemba, Kaonde, Lozi, Luvale, Lunda, Nyanja and Tonga, all in one |author2=Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson |publisher=UNZA Press |isbn=978-9982-03-073-1 |location=Lusaka, Zambia |pages=1–173}}</ref> Olulimi olutongole mu Zambia lwe Lungereza, olukozesebwa mu bizinensi entongole, eby'enjigiriza, n’amateeka.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" />Olulimi olusinga okwogerwa mu Zambia, naddala mu Lusaka, lwe Lunyaanja (Chewa), oluddako Bemba. Mu birombe bya koppa, Bemba lwe lulimi olusinga okwogerwa era oluddako Nyanja. Olunyaanja n’Olubemba bye byogerwa mu bitundu eby’omu bibuga, okugatta ku nnimi endala eza wano ezaatera okwogerwa mu Zambia. Zino mulimu Lozi, Tumbuka, Kaonde, Tonga, Lunda ne Luvale, ezaalagibwa ku Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation (ZNBC) mu kitundu ky’ennimi za wano.<ref name="BritannicaPeople2">{{Cite web |title=Zambia – People |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambia/People |access-date=1 October 2024 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Chanda, Vincent M., and, Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. 2013 1–1732">{{Cite book |author1=Chanda, Vincent M. |year=2013 |title=Speak Zambian Languages: Phrase Book in Bemba, Kaonde, Lozi, Luvale, Lunda, Nyanja and Tonga, all in one |author2=Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson |publisher=UNZA Press |isbn=978-9982-03-073-1 |location=Lusaka, Zambia |pages=1–173}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. |year=2015 |title=The State of Affairs of Cultural Literacy in Zambia's Multicultural Education System. In A. L. Jotia and J. Dudu (Ed.), Multicultural Education Discourses: Breaking Barriers of Exclusion in Selected African Contexts |publisher=Zebra publishing (Pty) LTD |isbn=978-99945-84-99-4 |location=Windhoek, Namibia |pages=190–204}}</ref> Abasinga obungi bajja kwogera Olubemba n'Olunyanja mu Copperbelt; Olunyanja lusinga kwogerwa mu Lusaka ne mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia. Oluzungu lukozesebwa mu mpuliziganya entongole era lwe lulimi olusinga okwogerwa mu maka mu bantu abava mu mawanga ag'enjawulo. Okumelukawo kuno mu nnimi ereetedde olulimi olwogerwa mu Lusaka ne mu bibuga ebirala ebikulu. Abasinga obungi mu Zambia batera okwogera ennimi ezisukka mu lumu: olulimi olutongole, Oluzungu, n'olulimi olusinga okwogerwa mu kibuga oba mu kitundu gye babeera. Olupotugo luyigirizibwa ng'olulimi olw'okubiri mu masomo g'essomero olw'okubeerawo kw'Abangereza aboogera Olupotugo abangi mu Zambia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Actualités Afrique - Economie, sport, santé, politique |url=http://www.afriquejet.com/news/africa-news/zambia-to-introduce-portuguese-into-school-curriculum-2009041825794.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121208151924/http://www.afriquejet.com/news/africa-news/zambia-to-introduce-portuguese-into-school-curriculum-2009041825794.html |archive-date=2012-12-08 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.afriquejet.com |language=fr-fr}}</ref> '''Eby'enjigiriza''' Eddembe okufuna obuyigirize obwenkanankana era obumala eri bonna kikuumibwa mu ssemateeka wa Zambia.<ref>{{cite web |date=1996 |title=Laws of Zambia |url=http://www.parliament.gov.zm/acts/volumes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307105357/http://www.parliament.gov.zm/acts/volumes |archive-date=7 March 2016 |access-date=27 January 2016 |website=National Assembly of Zambia}}</ref> Etteeka ly’Obuyigirize erya 2011 likugira obuyigirize obwenkanankana era obw’omutindo.<ref>{{cite web |date=2011 |title=The Education Act (2011) |url=http://www.parliament.gov.zm/node/3324 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203063439/http://www.parliament.gov.zm/node/3324 |archive-date=3 February 2016 |access-date=27 January 2016 |website=National Assembly of Zambia}}</ref> Omutindo gw’obuyivu bw’olulimi Olungereza nga bwe gwali mu 2018 guli ebitundu 86.7%. Ensaasaanya ya gavumenti eya buli mwaka ku by'enjigiriza ebadde ya njawulo nnyo. Nga bwe kiri ebitundu ku mbalirira ya gavumenti, kyali ebitundu 19.6% mu 2006, ebitundu 15.3% mu 2011, n'ebitundu 20.2% mu 2015.<ref name="WorldBank_2015">{{cite report|author=<!--none listed-->|date=December 2015|title=Education Public Expenditure Review in Zambia|url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/431421468000590726/pdf/103870-PUB-PUBLIC-Education-Public-Expenditure-Review-in-Zambia.pdf|publisher=World Bank Group|page=36|access-date=2024-01-16|archive-date=16 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116202228/https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/431421468000590726/pdf/103870-PUB-PUBLIC-Education-Public-Expenditure-Review-in-Zambia.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Okutuuka mu 2020, ensaasaanya ku by'enjigiriza yali ebitundu 3.7% ku GDP. '''Eby'obulamu''' Zambia eri mu kiseera ky’okubalukawo kw’ekirwadde kya mukenenya, ng’omuwendo gw’abantu abalina akawuka ka mukenenya mu ggwanga lyonna guli ebitundu 12.10 ku buli kikumi mu bantu abakulu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Country Comparisons—HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/hiv-aids-adult-prevalence-rate/country-comparison |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425032850/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/hiv-aids-adult-prevalence-rate/country-comparison/ |archive-date=25 April 2022 |access-date=19 June 2021 |work=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |location=Langley, Virginia}}</ref> Kyokka, eggwanga lino likoze enkyukakyuka mu myaka ekkumi egiyise: Omuwendo gw’abantu abalina akawuka ka mukenenya mu bantu abakulu abali wakati w’emyaka 15–49 gukendedde okutuuka ku bitundu 13 ku buli kikumi mu 2013/14, bw’ogeraageranya n’ebitundu 16 ku buli kikumi emyaka nga kkumi emabega.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Children in Zambia |url=https://www.unicef.org/zambia/children-zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626221920/https://www.unicef.org/zambia/children-zambia |archive-date=26 June 2020 |access-date=27 May 2020 |publisher=UNICEF |language=en}}</ref> Ebiva mu bujjanjabi ebirala nabyo enkyukayuka ez'akolebwa, newankubadde nga bikyali bibi nnyo okusinzila ku mutindo gw’ensi yonna. Omuwendo gw’abantu abafa nga bazaala guli 135 ku buli kikumi mu 2020 nga bagerageranya n’abantu 169 mu 2014 ne 296 mu 2007;<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://genderdata.worldbank.org/en/economies/zambia#featured-indicators |access-date=2025-03-09 |website=World Bank Gender Data Portal |language=en}}</ref> mu myaka egyo emabega, omuwendo gw’abantu abafa nga bazaala guli 59.3 ku buli kikumi mu 2020 nga bagerageranya n’abantu 69.2 ne 93.3 mu 2014 ne 2007.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) |url=https://genderdata.worldbank.org/en/indicator/sh-dyn-mort?view=trend&gender=total&geos=ZMB |access-date=2025-03-09 |website=www.worldbank.org}}</ref> == Eby'enfuna == Mu 2022, Zambia ezitowa wakati w'obuwumbi bwa doolo 7.5 n'ebuwumbi 8 obuva mu by'obusuubuzi ebitundibwa w'abweru w'eggwanga buli mwaka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=International Trade Administration |date=2024-06-06 |title=Zambia - Market Overview |url=https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/zambia-market-overview |access-date=2024-06-23 |website=www.trade.gov |language=en}}</ref> Byonna awamu byali bibalirirwamu billiyooni doola 9.1 obuwumbi obw’ebintu ebifulumizibwa ebweru w'eggwanga mu 2018<ref>{{cite web |last1=Workman |first1=Daniel |title=Zambia's Top 10 Exports |url=http://www.worldstopexports.com/zambias-top-10-exports/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426214352/https://www.worldstopexports.com/zambias-top-10-exports/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=10 February 2020 |website=World's Top Exports}}</ref>M u 2015, abantu nga 54.4% baali babeera wansi w’oekigerogkyobwavu mu ggwanga, nga guno gwalongooka okuva ku 60.5% mu 2010.[3] Obwavu mu byalo bwali ku bitundu 76.6% ate mu bibuga bwali ku bitundu 23.4%.[3] Omutindo gw’obwavu mu ggwanga gwali ZMK 214 (US$12.85) buli mwezi.[4] Okusinziira okwakasembayo mu 2018 okwakolebwa United Nations Development Programme, abantu 47.9% beeyongera okukosebwa obwavu obwengerera ddala.[5] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] hj7a2e6t14wcjah4qjvhq40tny9x2qj 59373 59372 2026-07-06T17:29:36Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 59373 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Amawanga ga Luba-Lunda oluvannyuma gaakendeera olw'okutunda abaddu mu Atlantic mu Bugwanjuba ne mu Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba ne mu ntalo n'ebibinja ebyali byawuddwa ku bwakabaka. Aba Chokwe, ekibinja ekirina oluganda olw'okumpi ne Luvale era ne kitondebwawo ng'eggwanga lya Lunda satellite, mu kusooka gaakosebwa olw'obwetaavu bwabaddu eri Abazungu, naye bwe baawukana ku bwakabaka, bo bennyini baafuuka batunzi ba baddu abamanyiddwa ennyo, nga batunda abaddu ku mbalama zombi. Abachokwe oluvannyuma baawangulwa amawanga amalala n'Abaportugali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azuonye |first=Chukwuma |date=15 December 1996 |title=Chokwe: (Angola, Zambia) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ejao3vG6nfsC&pg=PA11 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-1990-1 |language=en}}</ref> Obutali butebenkevu buno bwaviirako okugwa kw'obwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'abantu okusaasaanira mu bitundu bya Zambia eby'enjawulo okuva mu Democratic Republic of the Congo. Abazambia abasinga obungi balina obuzaale mu bwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'obwakabaka obulala obuli mu Masekkati ga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1200, ng’eggwanga lya Luba-Lunda terinnatandikibwawo, ekibinja ky’aba Bantu baatandika okusenguka okuva mu Congo Basin okudda ku Nnyanja Mweru ate oluvannyuma ne basenga okumpi n’ennyanja Malawi. Abasenze bano balowoozebwa okuba nga baali abamu ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky’e Upemba mu Democratic Republic of Congo. Mu myaka gya 1400, ebibinja by’abasenze bano awamu baayitibwanga Maravi, era nga mu bo mwalimu Abachewa abaatandika okukoppa ebibinja by’aba Bantu nga Tumbuka.<ref name="Team">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 1480 Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwatandikibwawo kalonga (omukulu w'obwakabaka bwa Maravi) okuva mu kika kya Phiri, kimu ku bika ebikulu, ng'ebirala mulimu Banda, Mwale ne Nkhoma. Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwali buva ku Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Enkulaakulana y'ebyobufuzi ey'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi yali efaanana ey'Obwakabaka bwa Luba era kigambibwa nti bwavaayo. Ekyamaguzi ekikulu eky'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi kyali amasanga, agaatundibwanga okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Ekyuma nakyo kyakolebwanga era ne kitundibwa mu nsi endala. Mu myaka gya 1590, Abapotigo baagezaako okweddiza eby'obusuubuzi n’okutunda Maravi mu nsi endala. Okugezaako kuno kwaleetawo obusungu mu Maravi ab’e Lundu, abaasumulula eggye lyabwe erya WaZimba. WaZimba baalumba ebibuga by’Abapotigo eby’obusuubuzi nga Tete, Sena n’ebibuga ebirala bingi.<ref name="thinkafrica.net">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Abamaravi nabo bateeberezebwa okuba nga baaleeta obulombolombo obwandifuuse ekibiina kya Nyau eky'ekyama okuva e Upemba. Aba Nyau be bakola ku nzikiriza oba eddiini y'obuwangwa ey'abantu b'omu Maravi. Ekibiina kya Nyau kirimu okuzina okw'obulombolombo n'obukookolo obukozesebwa mu kuzina; enzikiriza eno yasaasaana okwetooloola ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maptia |title=The Secret Cult of Nyau Dancers |url=https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108130415/https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-date=8 November 2020 |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=Maptia |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwakendeera olw'enkaayana ezikwata ku busika mu mukago, okulumbibwa Ngoni n'okulumba abaddu okuva mu Yao.<ref name="thinkafrica.net2">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa ne Mfecane''' Ng'Obwakabaka bwa Great Zimbabwe bwali bukendedde, omu ku balangira baabwo, Nyatsimba Mutota, yava mu ggwanga n'atandikawo obwakabaka obupya obuyitibwa Mutapa. Ekitiibwa kya Mwene Mutapa, ekitegeeza "Omulumbaganyi w'Ensi", kyamuweebwa era n'abafuzi abaddirira.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mwene Matapa {{!}} historical dynastic title, southern Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520141810/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |archive-date=20 May 2023 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwafuganga ekitundu ekiri wakati w’Omugga Zambezi n’Omugga Limpopo, mu kitundu ekiriwo kati ekiyitibwa Zambia, Zimbabwe ne Mozambique, okuva mu kyasa ekya 14 okutuusa mu kyasa ekya 17. Mu ntikko yaabwo, Mutapa yali awambye ekitundu kya Dande eky’Omugga Tonga ne Tavara. Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwasinganga kwetaba mu by’obusuubuzi okusomoka Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okutuuka mu mawanga ag’omu Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Okufaananako abantu abaaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu mu Maravi, Mutapa yalina obuzibu n’abasuubuzi Abapotigo abaali bazze. Obutategeeragana buno we bwatuukira ku ntikko, Abapotigo baali bagezezzaako okukyusa mu nsonga z’omunda mu bwakabaka nga batandikawo obutale mu bwakabaka era nga bakyusa abantu okubayingiza Obukristaayo. Ekikolwa kino kyaleetawo obusungu mu Basiraamu AbaSwahili abaali babeera mu kibuga ekikulu, akavuyo kano kaawa Abapotigo ensonga gye baali banoonya okulumba obwakabaka era bagezeeko okufuga ebirombe by'abwo ebya zaabu n'enguudo awayitira amasanga. Obulumbaganyi buno bwagwa butaka Abapotigo bwe baalumbibwa endwadde nga bayita ku mugga Zambezi.<ref name="Mutapa">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1600 enkaayana ez'omunda n'olutalo lw'omunda byatandika okukendeera kwa Mutapa. Obwakabaka obwali bunafuye bwawangulwa Abapotigo era oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera bwatwalibwa amawanga ga Shona bwe baali bawalangana.<ref name="Mutapa2">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Abapotigo nabo baalina ettaka ddene, eryali limanyiddwa nga Prazos, era baakozesanga abaddu n'abaali abaddu ng'abakuumi n'abayizzi. Baatendekanga abasajja mu bukodyo bw'amagye era ne babawa emmundu. Abasajja bano baafuuka abayizzi b'enjovu abakugu era baali bamanyiddwa nga ba Chikunda. Oluvannyuma lw'okukendeera kw'Abapotigo, Chikunda baasobola okwesolossa munda mu Zambia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2019 |title=Chikunda |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227184451/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |archive-date=27 February 2021 |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Portugal okubeera mu kitundu ekyo kyali nsonga lwaki obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwatandikibwawo, eggwanga eryali lyetongodde ku Mutapa. Omukulembeze w'obwakabaka bwa Rozvi, Changamire Dombo, yafuuka omu ku bakulembeze abasingayo amaanyi mu byafaayo bya South-Central Africa. Wansi w'obukulembeze bwe, obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwawangula Abapotigo ne babaggya mu bifo mwe baali bakolera bizineesi ku mugga Zambezi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rozwi {{!}} historical state, Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125203243/https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |archive-date=25 January 2021 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Naye oboolyawo ekyokulabirako ekisinga okumanyibwa mu kino okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti kwe kweyongera kw’Abazulu wansi w’obukulembeze bwa Shaka. Okupikirizibwa okuva eri Abangereza abafuzi b’amatwale mu Cape ne okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti mu Bazulu kyavaako Mfecane (okunyigirizibwa). Abazulu beeyongera nga bayingiza abakazi n’abaana b’ebika bye baawangula, singa abasajja b’ebika bino ebya Nguni baawona okuttibwa, baakozesa obukodyo bw’amagye obw’Abazulu okulumba ebibinja ebirala.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Kino kyaviirako abantu bangi okusenguka, entalo n'obulumbaganyi mu Bukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati ne mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika nga ab'ekika kya Nguni oba Ngoni nga bakulembeddwamu Zwagendaba baasomoka omugga Zambezi nga batambulira mu Bukiikakkono. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni be baakuba ekibuga Maravi Empire ekyali kinafuye. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni abasinga obungi baasenga mu kitundu ekyali Zambia, [[Malawi]], [[Mozambique]] ne [[Tanzania]] era ne beegatta ku bika ebyali mu kitundu ekyo.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history2">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Zambia, ekibinja ekirala eky’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Afirika eky’Abasotho-Tswana abava mu Luba ne Lunda ezaagwa edda abayitibwa Abaluyana baawamba Kololo ne bamussaako olulimi Olukololo okutuusa Abaluyana lwe beekalakaasa ne baggyako Kololo mu kiseera kino olulimi Olukololo lwali lwerabiddwa era olulimi olupya olugattiddwa lwe lwavaamu, SiLozi era Abaluyana baatandika okweyita Abalozi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lozi {{!}} people |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528092724/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |archive-date=28 May 2023 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kya 18, Abamu ku Mbunda baasengukira mu Barotseland, Mongu oluvannyuma lw'okusenguka kw'abantu abalala, nga muno mwe muli, Ciyengele.<ref>'' The elites of Barotseland, 1878–1969: a political history of Zambia's Western Province'': a. Gerald L. Caplan, C. Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd, 1970, {{ISBN|0-900966-38-6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=maniacky |first=jacky |title=bantu zone K |url=http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140411045127/http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-date=2014-04-11 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.bantu-languages.com}}</ref> '''Ekiseera ky'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' '''Abazungu''' Omu ku Bulaaya abaasooka okuwandiikibwa nga baakyalako mu kitundu kino yali omuvumbuzi Omupotigo Francisco de Lacerda ku nkomerero y'ekyasa ekya 18. Lacerda yakulemberamu ekibinja ky'abavumbuzi okuva e Mozambique okutuuka mu kitundu ky'e Kazembe mu Zambia (nga balina ekiruubirirwa eky'okuvumbula n'okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa okuva ku lubalama lw'ennyanja okutuuka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja omulundi ogusooka),<ref>{{cite web |year=1798 |title=Instructions and Travel Diary that Governor Francisco Joze de Lacerda e Almeida Wrote about His Travel to the Center of Africa, Going to the River of Sena, in the Year of 1798 |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905135844/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |archive-date=5 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Library of Congress}}</ref> era n'afa mu kiseera ky'olugendo mu 1798. Olugendo luno okuva olwo lwakulemberwamu mukwano gwe Francisco Pinto.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hartnett |first=Craig |title=Portuguese Expedition to Northern Rhodesia, 1798–99 |url=http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924023553/http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Great North Road (GNR, Northern Rhodesia, Zambia) |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ekitundu kino, ekisangibwa wakati wa Mozambique ne [[Angola]], kyali kigambibwa nti kyali kya Bupotugo mu kiseera ekyo. Abalala abava mu Bulaaya baagoberera mu kyasa 19. Eyasinga okumanyika mu bano yali David Livingstone, eyalina okwolesebwa okw'okukomya okusuubula abaddu ng'ayita mu "3Cs": Obukristaayo, Ebyobusuubuzi, n'Obuwangwa. Ye Muzungu eyasooka okulaba ebisulo by'amazzi ebyewuunyisa ku Mugga Zambezi mu 1855, n'abyogerako bw'ati: "Ebifo ebirabika obulungi bityo biteekwa okuba nga byatunuulirwa bamalayika mu kudduka kwabwe".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Livingstone Discovers Victoria Falls, 1855 |url=http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522092057/http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |archive-date=22 May 2020 |access-date=28 May 2020 |website=EyeWitness to History}}</ref> Mu kitundu kino ebiyiriro bimanyiddwa nga "Mosi-o-Tunya" oba "omukka ogubwatuka" mu lulimi Lozi oba Kololo. Ekibuga Livingstone, okumpi n'ebiyiriro, kiyitibwa erinnya lye. Emboozi ezikwata ku ŋŋendo ze zaali zimanyiddwa nnyo ne kiviirako abagenyi bangi okuva mu Bulaaya, abaminsani, n'abasuubuzi oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwe mu 1873.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627015544/https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-date=27 June 2020 |website=The Provincial Administration Website}}</ref> '''Kampuni ya British South Africa Company''' Mu 1888, kampuni ya British South Africa Company (BSA Company), eyakulemberwa Cecil Rhodes, yafuna olukusa okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka okuva ku Litunga ow'abantu ba Lozi, omukulu w'essaza ly'abantu ba Lozi (Ba-rotse) mu kitundu ekyafuuka Barotziland-North-Western Rhodesia.<ref name="livingstone">{{cite web |author=Livingstone Tourism Association |title=Destination:Zambia&nbsp;– History and Culture |url=http://www.livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012153527/http://livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> Ebuvanjuba, mu Gwekkumineebiri 1897 ekibinja ky’Abangoni oba Abangoni (abaasibuka mu Zululand) beekalakaasa nga bakulemberwa Tsinco, mutabani wa Kabaka Mpezeni, naye obujeemu bwakomezebwawo,<ref name="unam">{{cite web |author1=Human Rights |author2=Documentation Centre |name-list-style=amp |title=Zambia: Historical Background |url=http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311093653/http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-date=11 March 2007 |access-date=14 January 2011}}</ref> era Mpezeni n’akkiriza Pax Britannica. Ekitundu ky’eggwanga ekyo kyatandika okumanyibwa nga Rhodesia ey'omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba. Mu 1895, Rhodes yasaba omusikawutu wa Omumerika Frederick Russell Burnham okunoonya eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka n’engeri y’okulongoosaamu entambula y’emigga mu kitundu ekyo, era mu lugendo luno mwe mwazuulibwa Frederick Russell Burnham eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka bingi ku mugga Kafue.<ref name="burnham1899">{{cite book |last=Burnham |first=Frederick Russell |author-link=Frederick Russell Burnham |year=1899 |title=Bulawayo Up-to-date; Being a General Sketch of Rhodesia |title-link=s:Northern Rhodesia |publisher=Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co. |editor-last=Wills |editor-first=Walter H. |pages=177–180 |chapter=Northern Rhodesia}}</ref> '''Obufuzi bw'amatwale ga Bungereza''' Mu 1953, okutondebwawo kwa Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland z'agatta wamu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono ne Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo, ne Nyasaland (kati Malawi) ng’ekitundu kimu ekyetongodde. Kino kyakolebwa wadde nga waaliwo okuwakanyizibwa okuva mu bantu abatono, abaakola okwekalakaasa okwaliwo mu 1960–61.<ref name="infoplease">{{cite web |author=Pearson Education |title=Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Federation of |url=http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012231959/http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> '''Obwetwaaze''' Omukago gwasaanyizibwawo nga 31 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, era mu Gwoluberyeberye 1964, Kaunda yawangula akalulu k'Obwaminisita bwa Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono. Gavana w'amatwale, Sir Evelyn Hone, yali mukwano nnyo gwa Kaunda era yamukubiriza okwesimbawo ku kifo ekyo. Mangu ddala oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, waaliwo okwekalakaasa mu Bukiikakkono bw'eggwanga eryo eryali limanyiddwa nga Lumpa Uprising nga lyali liduumirwa Alice Lenshina – Kaunda's first internal conflict as leader of the nation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2020 |title=Alice Lenshina |url=https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228081501/https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |archive-date=28 February 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=The British Empire}}</ref> Rhodesia yafuuka Republic of Zambia nga 24 Ogwekkumi 1964, nga Kenneth Kaunda ye pulezidenti eyasooka. Ku kufuna obwetwaze, wadde nga yalina ebyobugagga eby'omu ttaka ebingi, Zambia yasanga okusoomoozebwa okw'amaanyi. Munda mu ggwanga, waaliwo Abazambia abatendeke era abayivu abasukka mu 70,000 abaali basobola okuddukanya gavumenti, era ebyenfuna byali byesigamye nnyo ku bakugu okuva mu mawanga amalala. Obukugu buno bwaweebwa mu ngeri emu oba endala omubaka wa Bungereza mu Zambia John Willson.<ref>[http://www.chu.cam.ac.uk/archives/collections/BDOHP/Willson.pdf WILLSON, John Michael (born 15 July 1931)]{{Dead link|date=June 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}. BDOHP Biographical Details and Interview Index. chu.cam.ac.uk</ref> Waaliwo Abazungu abasukka mu 70,000 ababeera mu Zambia mu 1964, era baasigala nga ba mugaso nnyo mu byenfuna.<ref name="Zambia">{{Cite news|date=1964-10-25|title=1964: President Kaunda takes power in Zambia|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605125604/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-date=5 June 2013|access-date=2025-09-13|url-status=live|language=en-GB}}</ref> Kaunda okuwagira abayeekera ba Patriotic Front abaali bakola obulumbaganyi mu mawanga ag'omuliraano (Bukiikaddyo) Rhodesia kyaleetawo obunkenke mu by'obufuzi era ne kireetawo okukozesa amagye ku nsalo, era kino kyaviirako ensalo okuggalwa mu 1973.<ref name="blackfire">{{cite book |last=Raeburn |first=Michael |year=1978 |title=We are everywhere: Narratives from Rhodesian guerillas |url=https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-0-394-50530-5 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 1–209]}}</ref>Ebbibiro ly'amasannyalaze erya Kariba ku mugga Zambezi lyawa amasannyalaze agamala okukola ku byetaago by'eggwanga eby'amasannyalaze, wadde nga Rhodesia ye yali ekola ku by'amasannyalaze. Nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1978, ennyonyi ey'abantu ba bulijjo, Air Rhodesia Flight 825, yakubibwa amasasi okumpi ne Kariba abayeekera ba Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) abaakulemberwa Joshua Nkomo. Rhodesia yaddamu n'ekikwekweto kya Gatling, okulumba enkambi endala mu Zambia nga bakozesa amaanyi g'ennyonyi n'abajaasi abakugu mu kubuuka mu bbanga n'abajaasi abakugu mu kukozesa ennyonyi.<ref>{{cite web |title=GREEN LEADER. OPERATION GATLING, THE RHODESIAN MILITARY'S RESPONSE TO THE VISCOUNT TRAGEDY |url=http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125155440/http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-date=25 January 2017 |access-date=22 April 2017}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1970, Mozambique ne Angola zaali zifunye obwetwaze okuva ku Portugal. Gavumenti ya Rhodesia eyali esingamu abazungu, eyafulumya Ekirangiriro ky’Obwetwaze mu 1965, yakkiriza obufuzi obw’abantu abangi wansi w’Endagaano ya Lancaster House mu 1979.<ref name="zimstudy">{{cite book |last=Nelson |first=Harold |year=1983 |title=Zimbabwe: A Country Study |publisher=Claitors Publishing Division |isbn=978-0-16-001598-4 |pages=54–137}}</ref> Obukuubagano mu bitundu byombi ebyali bifugibwa Abapotigo n'olutalo lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwa [[Namibia]] byaviirako okuyingira kw'abanoonyi b'obubudamuera ne kyongera ku buzibu bw'ebyentambula. Oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Benguela, olwayita mu [[Angola]], lwaggalwawo ddala eri ebyentambula bya Zambia mu myaka gya 1970 egyali gisembayo. Zambia okuwagira ebibiina ebirwanyisa obusosoze mu mawanga nga African National Congress (ANC) era kyaleetawo obuzibu bw'ebyokwerinda ng'amagye ga South Africa Defence Force galumba ebifo ebitali bimu mu lutalo lw'okulwanyisa obwetwaze bwa Namibia.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Evans, M. |year=1984 |title=The Front-Line States, South Africa and Southern African Security: Military Prospects and Perspectives |url=http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/Journal%20of%20the%20University%20of%20Zimbabwe/vol12n1/juz012001002.pdf |journal=Zambezia |volume=12 |page=1}}</ref> '''Ebizibu by'ebyenfuna''' Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1970, omuwendo gwa kkopa, ekyamaguzi ekikulu ekiva mu Zambia, gwasereba nnyo mu nsi yonna. Mu mbeera ya Zambia, obungi bw'okutambuza kkopa eŋŋendo empanvu okutuuka mu katale kyali kizibu kinene. Zambia yasaba obuyambi okuva mu mawanga ag'ebweru n'ag'ensi yonna, naye, nga bbeeyi ya kkopa esigadde nga yasereba, kyeyongera okubeera ekizibu okusasula amabanja gaayo agaali geeyongera. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1990, wadde nga tewaaliwo kusonyiyibwa mabanja, ebbeyi ya kkopa eyali eva mu Zambia yali emu ku bintu ebyali bisinga okuba eby'ebbeeyi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia (12/08) |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625080205/https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |archive-date=25 June 2020 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> '''Okukola ku nsonga z'abantu''' Mu Gwomukaaga 1990, obwegugungo obwali buwakanya Kaunda bwatandika era abeekalakaasi bangi battibwa gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2020 |title=About Zambia |url=http://www.psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509233410/http://psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-date=9 May 2016 |access-date=20 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bartlett |first=David M. C. |date=2000 |title=Civil Society and Democracy: A Zambian Case Study |journal=Journal of Southern African Studies |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=429–446 |doi=10.1080/030570700750019655 |issn=0305-7070 |jstor=2637411 |s2cid=143480603}}</ref>Mu 1990, Kaunda yawona okulumbibwa amagye, era mu 1991, yakkiriza okuzzaawo enfuga ey'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, oluvannyuma lw'okussaawo enfuga ey'ekibiina ekimu wansi w'akakiiko ka Choma aka 1972. Oluvannyuma lw'okulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, Kaunda yaggyibwa mu woofiisi oluvannyuma lw'okuwangulwa mu kulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi Frederick Chiluba. Mu myaka gya 2000, ebyenfuna byanywerera, ne bituuka ku kweyongera kw'ebbeeyi y'ebintu mu 2006–2007, okweyongera kw'ebyenfuna, okukendeera kw'amagoba, n'okweyongera kw'omutindo gw'ebyobusuubuzi. Bingi ku kukulaakulana kuno kuvudde ku kusiga ensimbi okuva ebweru mu by'okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka n'okweyongera kw'emiwendo gy'ekikomo mu nsi yonna. Bino byonna byaleetera Zambia okusikirizibwa ennyo abagabi b'obuyambi era ne kireetera abasiga nsimbi okwongera okwesiga eggwanga lino. == Ebyobufuzi == Ebyobufuzi mu Zambia bitambulira mu nkola ey'omukulembeze w'eggwanga omukiise mu demokulasiya ow'eggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo, omukulembeze wa Zambia y'akulira eggwanga era akulira gavumenti mu ggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo. Gavumenti ekozesa obuyinza obw'okuteeka mu nkola, ate obuyinza obw'okukola amateeka buweebwa gavumenti ne paalamenti. Zambia yafuuka repubuliki oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu Gwekkumi 1964. Okuva mu 2011 okutuuka mu 2014, pulezidenti wa Zambia yali Michael Sata, okutuusa Sata lwe yafa nga 28 Ogwekkumi 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zambian President Michael Sata dies in London - BBC News|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705073526/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-date=2017-07-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=BBC News|language=en-GB}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Sata, omumyuka wa pulezidenti Guy Scott, Omuzambia ow'ensibuko y'Abasikawutu, yafuuka omukungu akola nga pulezidenti. Okulonda kwa pulezidenti kwaliwo nga 22 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015. Omugatte gw’abantu 11 abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti be beesimbawo mu kulonda era nga 24 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015, kyalangirirwa nti Edgar Chagwa Lungu yali awangudde okulonda okufuuka pulezidenti ow’omukaaga. Yawangula ebitundu 48.33% eby’obululu, ng’obululu 1.66% bwali bumusinga ku munnabyabufuzi akyasinze okuvuganya gavumenti, Hakainde Hichilema, eyafuna ebitundu 46.67%.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Defence Minister Lungu wins Zambia's disputed presidential race|url=http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305065726/http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-date=2016-03-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=Yahoo News|language=en-US}}</ref>Abantu abalala mwenda abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti baafuna obululu obutaweza na bitundu 1% ku bululu bwonna. Mu kulonda pkwaliwo mu Gwomunaana 2016 Zambian general election pulezidenti Edgar Lungu yawangula okulonda okw’omulundi ogw’okubiri. Omukago ogutaba ebibiina by’ebyobufuzi ogwa Patriotic Front (PF) gwagaana ebyali byogerwa ab’oludda oluvuganya gavumenti, UPND party.<ref name="bbc-15aug2016">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|title=Zambia's President Edgar Lungu declared election winner|work=BBC News|date=15 August 2016|access-date=17 May 2021|archive-date=26 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026223033/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021, okwalimu abalonzi 70% ku abo abaali basuubirwa, Hakainde Hichilema yawangula ebitundu 59% eby’obululu, ng’omuvuganya we eyali asingayo okuba ow’amaanyi, Edgar Chagwa Lungu, eyali pulezidenti mu kiseera ekyo, yafuna ebitundu 39% eby’obululu.<ref name="zm-elec-39">{{Cite news|url=https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm|title=Presidential Election Results|work=Electoral Commission of Zambia|date=16 August 2021|access-date=27 December 2021|archive-date=2 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102194510/https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm/}}</ref> Nga 16 Ogwomunaana Edgar Lungu yakkiriza mu kiwandiiko kye yafulumya ku ttivi, ng’aweereza ebbaluwa era ng’ayozayoza pulezidenti omulonde Hakainde Hichilema.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-08-16|title=Zambia election: Hakainde Hichilema beats President Edgar Lungu|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|access-date=2021-08-16|archive-date=24 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824152003/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|last=Kabwe|first=Zitto|author-link=Zitto Kabwe|user=zittokabwe|number=1426967254986629126|date=15 August 2021|title=#Zambia President @EdgarCLungu has conceded in a letter sent to now president elect @HHichilema of @UPNDZM. Once again Zambia has shown the world the level of its democratic maturity. Peaceful transfer of power is happening for third time in history. Congratulations Zambians|language=en|access-date=30 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827180204/https://twitter.com/zittokabwe/status/1426967254986629126|archive-date=27 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomunaana 2021, Hakainde Hichilema yalayizibwa nga pulezidenti wa Zambia omuggya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2021 |title=Zambia's Hakainde Hichilema sworn in as President in rare victory for an African opposition leader |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116213703/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |archive-date=16 November 2021 |access-date=16 November 2021}}</ref> '''Amaggye''' Mu 2019, Zambia yassa omukono ku ndagaano ya UN ekwata ku Kuziyiza eby'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa ebya Nukiriya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2017 |title=Chapter XXVI: Disarmament&nbsp;– No. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806220546/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |archive-date=6 August 2019 |access-date=18 October 2019 |publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection}}</ref> '''Amateeka n'eddembe ly'obuntu''' Gavumenti evunaanye abavumirira nga bakozesa ebigambo by'amateeka nti baali bawabya abantu. Amateeka agakwata ku kuwandiika ebintu ebikyamu gakozesebwa okukugira eddembe ly'okwogera ne bannamawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2015 |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225030706/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-date=2021-02-25 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=2009-2017.state.gov}}</ref> Ebikolwa eby'okweganza wakati w'abantu ab'ekikula ekimu kimenya mateeka eri abasajja n'abakazi mu Zambia.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 May 2016 |title=State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition |url=http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902183618/http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |archive-date=2 September 2017 |access-date=29 July 2017 |website=[[International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Daniel|last=Avery|title=71 Countries Where Homosexuality is Illegal|url=https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|work=Newsweek|date=4 April 2019|access-date=18 August 2019|archive-date=11 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211204842/https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|url-status=live}}</ref> Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu 2010 kwalaga nti ebitundu 2% ebya Bannansi ba Zambia bakitwala nti okulya ebisiyaga tekirina buzibu bwonna ku mpisa.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Meyer |first1=Birgit |date=2021 |title=What Is Religion in Africa? Relational Dynamics in an Entangled World |journal=Journal of Religion in Africa |publisher=Brill |volume=50 |issue=1–2 |pages=156–181 |doi=10.1163/15700666-12340184 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2019, kyategeezebwa nti Omubaka wa Amerika mu Zambia Daniel Lewis Foote "yakwatibwa ensisi" olw'engeri Zambia gy'ekuumamu abalyi b'ebisiyaga mu makomera. Oluvannyuma lw'okujulira ne kulema era nga n'abafumbo bano Japhet Chataba ne Steven Samba baasalirwa ekibonerezo kya kusibibwa emyaka 15 mu makomera, Foote yasaba gavumenti ya Zambia okuddamu okwekenneenya omusango guno n'amateeka ga Zambia agalwanyisa ebisiyaga. Foote yafuna obuzibu era n'asazaamu okujja mu bantu oluvannyuma lw'okutiisibwatiisibwa ku mikutu gya yintaneeti, era oluvannyuma lw'okulangirirwa Lungu nti y'omuntu ataagalwa mu ggwanga eryo.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 December 2019 |title=US recalls ambassador to Zambia after gay rights row |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231195603/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |archive-date=31 December 2019 |access-date=12 January 2020 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 2026, gavumenti ya Zambia yavumirirwa olw'okwongezaayo olukiiko olw'amaanyi olw'ensi yonna olw'eddembe ly'obuntu, RightsCon, ennaku musanvu zokka nga tezinnatuuka okubeerawo mu Lusaka. Olukiiko olwo oluvannyuma lwasazibwamu oluvannyuma lw'okumanya nti gavumenti ya Zambia yali esaba, kirabika nga kya kusaba kw'abakungu ba China, okulungamya n'okuggyako aboogezi okuva e Taiwan. Abakugu baayogedde ku kweraliikirira olw'okulondoola n'okweyongera kw'obulabe eri ebitongole by'obwanakyewa.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gault ·|first1=Matthew|title=World's Largest Digital Human Rights Conference Suddenly Canceled|url=https://www.404media.co/rightscon-human-rights-conference-suddenly-postponed/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=404 Media|date=29 April 2026|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Elliott|first1=Vittoria|title=The Chinese Government Just Got the World's Largest Digital Rights Conference Canceled|url=https://www.wired.com/story/the-chinese-government-pressured-zambia-to-cancel-the-worlds-largest-digital-rights-conference/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Wired|date=1 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hendrix|first1=Justin|title=RightsCon Canceled After Zambia Requires 'Full Alignment' With 'National Values'|url=https://www.techpolicy.press/rightscon-canceled-after-zambia-requires-full-alignment-with-national-values/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Tech Policy Press|date=30 April 2026|language=en}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo by'abantu''' Okusinziira ku kubala abantu okwa 2022 mu Zambia, omuwendo gw'abantu mu Zambia gwali 19,610,769.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia's Population up to 19,610,769 in 2022 from 13,092,666 in 2010 – Zambia Statistics Agency |url=https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305022051/https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |archive-date=5 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ebibinja by'abantu ebisinga obunene mu Zambia beebo abayitibwa Bemba obukadde 3.3 (33.6%), Nyanja obukadde 1.8 (18.2%), Tonga obukadde 1.7 (16.8%), Abantu ab’omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba 1,000,000 (10.3%), Abalozii (Barotse) 770,000 (7.8%), Abamabwe 580,000 (5.9%), Abatumbuka 500,000 (5.1%), Abalamba 165,000 (2%), Abayindi 11,900 n’Abazungu 6,200.<ref>{{cite journal |date=2 November 2023 |title=Zambia |url=https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909114747/https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |archive-date=9 September 2023 |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=minorityrights.org}}</ref> Zambia y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubeeramu abantu mu bibuga mu Afirika eri wansi wa Sahara, ng'ebitundu 44% eby'abantu babeera mu bitundu ebisinga okubeeramu entambula, so ng'ate ebyalo birimu abantu batono nnyo. Omuwendo gw'abaana abazaalibwa gwali 6.2 mu 2007 (6.1 mu 1996, 5.9 mu 2001–02).<ref>{{cite web |title=Welcome to the Official site of Zambian Statistics |url=http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113144454/http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-date=13 November 2014 |access-date=11 April 2014 |publisher=Zamstats.gov.zm}}</ref> '''Ebibuga ebisinga obunene''' Okutandika kw'okuyiikuula ekikomo mu makolero ku Copperbelt mu myaka gya 1920 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga. Wadde ng'okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga kwali kuteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, kyali kinene nnyo.[1] Ebibuga ebikolebwamu eby'obugagga ku Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali eteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, yali nnene nnyo.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Potts |first=Deborah |date=2005 |title=Counter-urbanisation on the Zambian Copperbelt? Interpretations and implications |journal=Urban Studies |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=583–609 |bibcode=2005UrbSt..42..583P |doi=10.1080/00420980500060137 |s2cid=154412136}}</ref> Ebibuga ebirimu ebirombe bya Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali y'etoloolera ku gaali z'omukka n'enguudo okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwe bironbe bya kkoppa okuyita mu Kapiri Mposhi, Lusaka, Choma ne Livingstone. '''Ebibinja by'abantu''' Zambia elimu ebika nga 73,<ref name="BritannicaPeople">{{Cite web |title=Zambia – People |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambia/People |access-date=1 October 2024 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref><ref name="epr">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> wadde mu nkola waliwo ebibinja ebitono ebirabika obulungi.[2] Abazambia abasinga boogera Olubantu.<ref name="epr2">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ebibinja ebisinga obunene mu lulimi bye Bemba, Nyanja (era ekiyitibwa Chewa), ne Tonga; ebibinja ebirala ebitali binene nnyo bye Kaonde, Lozi, Luanda, ne Luvale.[2]<ref name="epr" /> Mu 2010, omuwendo gw'abantu gwateeberezebwa okuba ebitundu 21% Bemba, ebitundu 13.6% Tonga, ebitundu 7.4% Chewa, ebitundu 5.7% Lozi, ebitundu 5.3% Nsenga, ebitundu 4.4% Tumbuka, ebitundu 4.0% Ngoni, ne 38.6% abalala.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Bemba kye kisinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkono, Luapula, ne Copperbelt; ekibinja kya Tonga mu bitundu by'Obukiikaddyo, n'eby'Obugwanjuba; n'ekibinja kya Lozi mu bitundu by'Obugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Tumbuka ekitono ennyo kisangibwa mu kiwonvu kya Luangwa mu Buvanjuba.[2] Tewali kibinja ky'abantu aboogera olulimi olumu abasinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ebitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba tebirimu bantu bangi nnyo.<ref name="epr3">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ng’oggyeko olulimi, obuwangwa bukulu mu Zambia.<ref name="epr3" />Obuwangwa buno batera okubukwataganya n’obwesigwa bw’amaka oba n’ab’obuyinza eb'ennono. Obuwangwa buno busengekeddwa mu bibinja by’ennimi ebikulu.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Posner |first=Daniel N. |date=2005-06-06 |title=Institutions and Ethnic Politics in Africa |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-83398-1 |language=en |doi=10.1017/CBO9780511808661 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083432/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |archive-date=2023-03-21}}</ref> Abagwiira, okusingira ddala Abangereza oba Aba South Afrika, wamu n'abamu ku bannansi ba Zambia abeeru Abazungu abava mu Bungereza, babeera nnyo mu Lusaka ne mu Copperbelt mu Bukiikakkono bwa Zambia, gye baba nga bakola mu birombe, mu by'ensimbi n'emirimu emirala egifaananako bwe gityo oba nga bawummudde. Waaliwo Abazungu 70,000 mu Zambia mu 1964, naye bangi okuva olwo bavudde mu ggwanga.<ref name="Zambia" /> Zambia erina abantu abatono naye nga balina omugaso mu byenfuna abava mu Asia, abasinga obungi ku bo Buhindi ne Bachina. Ekibinja kino eky’abantu abatono ky'ekikyasinze okufuga eby’enfuna nga kye kikola ku by’okutunda ebintu. Kiteeberezebwa nti Abachina nga 80,000 be baali babeera mu Zambia mu 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ZAMBIA: Zambians wary of |url=http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910230935/http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-date=2011-09-10 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=IRINnews}}</ref> Mu myaka egiyise, ebikumi n’ebikumi by’abalimi abazungu abaali bagobeddwa mu Zimbabwe baasengukira e Zambia oluvannyuma lw’okuyitibwa gavumenti ya Zambia, okutandika okulima mu matwae g'omu Bukiikaddyo.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zim's Loss, Zam's gain: White Zimbabweans making good in Zambia|date=June 2004|newspaper=The Economist|access-date=28 August 2009|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110215085211/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-date=15 February 2011}}</ref><ref name="Spiegel">{{Cite news|title=Settling in Zambia: Zimbabwe's Displaced Farmers Find a New Home|last=Thielke|first=Thilo|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|date=27 December 2004|access-date=28 August 2009|periodical=[[Der Spiegel]]|archive-date=19 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619050250/http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza okwalebwa ku banoonyi b'obubuddamu mu 2009 ekyakubibwa akakiikio ka America akavunanyizibwa ku banoonyi b'obubudamu n'abagwiira eka U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, Zambia yalina omuwendo gw’abanoonyi b’obubudamu n’abanoonya obubudamu nga bali 88,900. Abanoonyi b’obubudamu abasinga obungi mu ggwanga baava mu Democratic Republic of the Congo (ababundabunda 47,300 okuva mu DRC ng'ababeera mu Zambia mu 2007), Angola (27,100 Bannangola Zambia), Zimbabwe (5,400) ne Rwanda (4,900).<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009">{{cite news|title=World Refugee Survey 2009|publisher=U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants|url=http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211175633/http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-date=11 December 2013}}</ref> Bannansi ba Zambia okutwaliza awamu baaniriza abagwira. Okutandika mu Gwokutaano 2008, omuwendo gw'Abazimbabwe mu Zambia gwatandika okulinnya ennyo; okuyingira kwali kusinga kw'Abazimbabwe abaali babeera mu South Africa abaali badduka obutabanguko obwali mu ggwanga eryo.<ref name="IRIN">{{Cite news|title=Zambia: Rising levels of resentment towards Zimbabweans|date=9 June 2008|access-date=7 August 2023|periodical=[[The New Humanitarian|IRIN News]]|url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2008/06/09/rising-levels-resentment-towards-zimbabweans|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930005909/http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=78648|archive-date=2009-09-30}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Kumpi abanoonyi b'obubudamo 60,000 babeera mu nkambi mu Zambia, ate 50,000 babeera mu bantu ba bulijjo. Abanoonyi b'obubudamo abaagala okukola mu Zambia balina okusaba olukusa saako n'ebiwandiiko ebikukkiriza okukola nga bino biyinza okutwala ddoola 500 buli mwaka.<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009" /> '''Eddiini''' Zambia mu butongole "eggwanga ery'Ekiikuristaayo" wansi wa Ssemateeka w'eggwanga owa 1996, naye essa ekitiibwa mu kukuuma eddembe ly'eddiini n'okusinza.<ref>{{cite web |date=30 June 2008 |title=Constitution of Zambia, 1991(Amended to 1996) |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105055544/http://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |archive-date=5 November 2012 |access-date=18 December 2012 |publisher=Scribd.com}}</ref> Zambia lye ggwanga lyokka mu Afirika erirangirira Obukristaayo ng'eddiini y'eggwanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Haynes |first=N. |date=2021 |title=Taking Dominion in a Christian Nation: North American Political Theology in an African Context |journal=Pneuma |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=214–232 |doi=10.1163/15700747-bja10036 |hdl=20.500.11820/48b556a6-cf81-4058-bf5b-894934a35ca0 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ekitongole kya Zambia ekivunaanyizibwa ku kubala abantu ekya Zambia Statistics Agency mu 2022 kyabalirira nti 98.0% ku Bannazambia Bakristaayo, nga 74.5% Bapulotesitanti, 17.9% Bakatoliki ate 5.6% Bajulirwa ba Yakuwa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2025-07-24 |title=RELIGIOUS LANDSCAPE OF ZAMBIA: AN ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF THE 2022 CENSUS FINDINGS |url=https://www.amulufeblog.com/2025/07/religious-landscape-of-zambia.html |access-date=2026-02-12 |website=Amulufeblog |language=en}}</ref> Enzikiriza z'ekikulisitaayo mu Zambia mulimu Apolotesitante, Abavangelika saako n'Abapentecoote.<ref name=":1" /> Obukristaayo bwatuuka mu Zambia okuyita mu bufuzi bw'amatwale obw'Abazungu, era enjawulo yaakyo ey'ebibiina eby'enjawulo eraga enkyukakyuka mu nkola y'obuminsani; okugeza, Obukatoliki bwava mu Mozambique ey'Abaportugalezi mu Buvanjuba, so ng'Obulokole bwava mu Bungereza mu Bukiikaddyo. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu 1964, Zambia yalaba okweyongera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibiina by'obuminsani ebirala okuva mu bitundu by'ensi ebitali bimu, naddala Amerika ey'Obukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. Mu byasa ebyaddirira, emirimu gy'obuminsani egy'Abazungu egyaddira abakkiriza ab'omu kitundu (okuggyako ebifo ebimu eby'obuminsani, gamba ng'abasawo). Oluvannyuma lwa Frederick Chiluba, Omukulisitaayo Omukristaayo, okufuuka pulezidenti mu 1991, ebibiina by'obuminsani eby'Abazungu byeyongera nnyo okwetooloola Zambia okuva mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu 1964, Zambia yalaba okweyongera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibiina by'obuminsani eby'Abazungu okuva mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani.<ref name="pentecostal">{{cite book |last=Steel |first=Matthew |year=2005 |title=Pentecostalism in Zambia: Power, Authority and the Overcomers |publisher=University of Wales |id=MSc Dissertation}}</ref> Eddiini z'Ekikristaayo ezimu ezirina abagoberezi batono mu nsi yonna zimanyiddwa nnyo mu Zambia. Eggwanga lino lirina abantu abawerako ab'enzikiriza y'eki Adiventi nga mu bibala ku Bazambia 18 osangamu 1 omu Adiventi.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 October 2012 |title=Zambia Union Conference&nbsp;– Adventist Directory |url=http://www.adventistdirectory.org/ViewAdmField.aspx?AdmFieldID=ZAUM |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427045842/https://www.adventistdirectory.org/ViewAdmField.aspx?AdmFieldID=ZAUM |archive-date=27 April 2023 |access-date=18 December 2012 |publisher=Adventistdirectory.org}}</ref> Ekkanisa y'Abalokole eya Central Africa erimu abagoberezi abasukka mu 11,000 mu ggwanga.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lutheran Church of Central Africa: Zambia |url=http://www.celc.info/site/cpage.asp?sec_id=180010197&cpage_id=180031341 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131193035/http://www.celc.info/site/cpage.asp?sec_id=180010197&cpage_id=180031341 |archive-date=31 January 2017 |publisher=Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference}}</ref> Abantu abasukka mu bitundu 12 ku buli kikumi mu Zambia basabira mu Kkanisa ya New Apostostoc Church.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hayashida |first=Nelson Osamu |date=1999 |title=Dreams in the African Literature: The Significance of Dreams and Visions Among Zambian Baptists |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CkNC6-Wmga4C&q=One+in+11+Zambians+is+a+member+of+the+New+Apostolic+Church&pg=PA36 |publisher=Rodopi |isbn=978-90-420-0596-9 |language=en |access-date=3 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518182155/https://books.google.com/books?id=CkNC6-Wmga4C&q=One+in+11+Zambians+is+a+member+of+the+New+Apostolic+Church&pg=PA36#v=snippet&q=One%20in%2011%20Zambians%20is%20a%20member%20of%20the%20New%20Apostolic%20Church&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nga balina abagoberezi abasukka mu kakadde kamu mu emitwalo abiri, eggwanga lirimu ekibiina ky'Abaseveniside ekisinga obunene mu Afirika, okuva ku bantu abasukka mu bukadde mwenda mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Membership figures of the global Church as at the end of 2009: New Apostolic Church International (NAC) |url=http://www.nak.org/news/naci-news/article/16710/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626032545/http://www.nak.org/news/naci-news/article/16710/ |archive-date=26 June 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.nak.org}}</ref> Abantu nga 2.7% ku Bannazambia Basiraamu, abasinga obungi nga Basunni n’abalala abatonotono nga Abaismaili ne Twelver Shia.<ref name="2023RIRF">{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2023-report-on-international-religious-freedom/zambia/ |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=United States Department of State |language=en-US}}</ref> Abasiraamu abali mu Zambia, abalina okubalibwa okw’omulundi ogumu nga 100,000 okusinziira ku kuteebereza okumu okwakolebwa, bazingiramu abanoonyi b’obubudamu okuva e Congo ne [[Somalia]], awamu n’abagwiira okuva mu South Asia ne mu ddungu ly'ebuwalabu abafuuse Bannazambia.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> Abahindu, abasinga obungi nga ba South Asian ancestry, baali nga 10,000 okusinziira ku kuteebereza okumu okwakolebwa, mu 2019.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> Ku ntikko y'akyo mu myaka gya 1960, Abayudaaya abaali mu Zambia abaali bawerera ddala 10,000 ng'abasinga baali basibuka mu Lithuania, Latvia ne Bugirimaani,<ref>{{cite web |last=Tutton |first=Mark |date=19 January 2012 |title=The forgotten story of Zambia's Jewish settlers |url=https://www.cnn.com/2012/01/19/world/africa/zambia-jewish-history/index.html |access-date=17 February 2025 |work=CNN}}</ref>okuva mu 2012 baali batono ddala okusinga Abazambia Abayudaaya ng'abasinga ku bbo baali bawangalira mu Lusaka mu matwale g'Obukiikakkono. Mu Zambia mulimu abantu batono ab'enzikiriza ya Baha ne Buddhists saako ne Sikhs.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> '''Ennimi''' Omuwendo omutuufu ogw'ennimi za Zambia tegumanyiddwa, wadde ng'ebiwandiiko bingi bigamba nti Zambia erina ennimi 73 ez’enjawulo; omuwendo guno guyinza okuba nga guva ku butawulira njawulo wakati w’ennimi n’ebigambo ebikozesebwa eby'enjawulo, nga basinziira ku kuba nti abantu basobola okutegeeragana nga boogera ennimi ez’enjawulo. Okusinziira ku kino, omuwendo gw’ennimi za Zambia guyinza okuba nga guli wakati wa 20 oba 30.<ref name="Chanda, Vincent M., and, Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. 2013 1–173">{{Cite book |author1=Chanda, Vincent M. |year=2013 |title=Speak Zambian Languages: Phrase Book in Bemba, Kaonde, Lozi, Luvale, Lunda, Nyanja and Tonga, all in one |author2=Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson |publisher=UNZA Press |isbn=978-9982-03-073-1 |location=Lusaka, Zambia |pages=1–173}}</ref> Olulimi olutongole mu Zambia lwe Lungereza, olukozesebwa mu bizinensi entongole, eby'enjigiriza, n’amateeka.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" />Olulimi olusinga okwogerwa mu Zambia, naddala mu Lusaka, lwe Lunyaanja (Chewa), oluddako Bemba. Mu birombe bya koppa, Bemba lwe lulimi olusinga okwogerwa era oluddako Nyanja. Olunyaanja n’Olubemba bye byogerwa mu bitundu eby’omu bibuga, okugatta ku nnimi endala eza wano ezaatera okwogerwa mu Zambia. Zino mulimu Lozi, Tumbuka, Kaonde, Tonga, Lunda ne Luvale, ezaalagibwa ku Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation (ZNBC) mu kitundu ky’ennimi za wano.<ref name="BritannicaPeople2">{{Cite web |title=Zambia – People |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambia/People |access-date=1 October 2024 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Chanda, Vincent M., and, Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. 2013 1–1732">{{Cite book |author1=Chanda, Vincent M. |year=2013 |title=Speak Zambian Languages: Phrase Book in Bemba, Kaonde, Lozi, Luvale, Lunda, Nyanja and Tonga, all in one |author2=Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson |publisher=UNZA Press |isbn=978-9982-03-073-1 |location=Lusaka, Zambia |pages=1–173}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. |year=2015 |title=The State of Affairs of Cultural Literacy in Zambia's Multicultural Education System. In A. L. Jotia and J. Dudu (Ed.), Multicultural Education Discourses: Breaking Barriers of Exclusion in Selected African Contexts |publisher=Zebra publishing (Pty) LTD |isbn=978-99945-84-99-4 |location=Windhoek, Namibia |pages=190–204}}</ref> Abasinga obungi bajja kwogera Olubemba n'Olunyanja mu Copperbelt; Olunyanja lusinga kwogerwa mu Lusaka ne mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia. Oluzungu lukozesebwa mu mpuliziganya entongole era lwe lulimi olusinga okwogerwa mu maka mu bantu abava mu mawanga ag'enjawulo. Okumelukawo kuno mu nnimi ereetedde olulimi olwogerwa mu Lusaka ne mu bibuga ebirala ebikulu. Abasinga obungi mu Zambia batera okwogera ennimi ezisukka mu lumu: olulimi olutongole, Oluzungu, n'olulimi olusinga okwogerwa mu kibuga oba mu kitundu gye babeera. Olupotugo luyigirizibwa ng'olulimi olw'okubiri mu masomo g'essomero olw'okubeerawo kw'Abangereza aboogera Olupotugo abangi mu Zambia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Actualités Afrique - Economie, sport, santé, politique |url=http://www.afriquejet.com/news/africa-news/zambia-to-introduce-portuguese-into-school-curriculum-2009041825794.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121208151924/http://www.afriquejet.com/news/africa-news/zambia-to-introduce-portuguese-into-school-curriculum-2009041825794.html |archive-date=2012-12-08 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.afriquejet.com |language=fr-fr}}</ref> '''Eby'enjigiriza''' Eddembe okufuna obuyigirize obwenkanankana era obumala eri bonna kikuumibwa mu ssemateeka wa Zambia.<ref>{{cite web |date=1996 |title=Laws of Zambia |url=http://www.parliament.gov.zm/acts/volumes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307105357/http://www.parliament.gov.zm/acts/volumes |archive-date=7 March 2016 |access-date=27 January 2016 |website=National Assembly of Zambia}}</ref> Etteeka ly’Obuyigirize erya 2011 likugira obuyigirize obwenkanankana era obw’omutindo.<ref>{{cite web |date=2011 |title=The Education Act (2011) |url=http://www.parliament.gov.zm/node/3324 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203063439/http://www.parliament.gov.zm/node/3324 |archive-date=3 February 2016 |access-date=27 January 2016 |website=National Assembly of Zambia}}</ref> Omutindo gw’obuyivu bw’olulimi Olungereza nga bwe gwali mu 2018 guli ebitundu 86.7%. Ensaasaanya ya gavumenti eya buli mwaka ku by'enjigiriza ebadde ya njawulo nnyo. Nga bwe kiri ebitundu ku mbalirira ya gavumenti, kyali ebitundu 19.6% mu 2006, ebitundu 15.3% mu 2011, n'ebitundu 20.2% mu 2015.<ref name="WorldBank_2015">{{cite report|author=<!--none listed-->|date=December 2015|title=Education Public Expenditure Review in Zambia|url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/431421468000590726/pdf/103870-PUB-PUBLIC-Education-Public-Expenditure-Review-in-Zambia.pdf|publisher=World Bank Group|page=36|access-date=2024-01-16|archive-date=16 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116202228/https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/431421468000590726/pdf/103870-PUB-PUBLIC-Education-Public-Expenditure-Review-in-Zambia.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Okutuuka mu 2020, ensaasaanya ku by'enjigiriza yali ebitundu 3.7% ku GDP. '''Eby'obulamu''' Zambia eri mu kiseera ky’okubalukawo kw’ekirwadde kya mukenenya, ng’omuwendo gw’abantu abalina akawuka ka mukenenya mu ggwanga lyonna guli ebitundu 12.10 ku buli kikumi mu bantu abakulu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Country Comparisons—HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/hiv-aids-adult-prevalence-rate/country-comparison |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425032850/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/hiv-aids-adult-prevalence-rate/country-comparison/ |archive-date=25 April 2022 |access-date=19 June 2021 |work=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |location=Langley, Virginia}}</ref> Kyokka, eggwanga lino likoze enkyukakyuka mu myaka ekkumi egiyise: Omuwendo gw’abantu abalina akawuka ka mukenenya mu bantu abakulu abali wakati w’emyaka 15–49 gukendedde okutuuka ku bitundu 13 ku buli kikumi mu 2013/14, bw’ogeraageranya n’ebitundu 16 ku buli kikumi emyaka nga kkumi emabega.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Children in Zambia |url=https://www.unicef.org/zambia/children-zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626221920/https://www.unicef.org/zambia/children-zambia |archive-date=26 June 2020 |access-date=27 May 2020 |publisher=UNICEF |language=en}}</ref> Ebiva mu bujjanjabi ebirala nabyo enkyukayuka ez'akolebwa, newankubadde nga bikyali bibi nnyo okusinzila ku mutindo gw’ensi yonna. Omuwendo gw’abantu abafa nga bazaala guli 135 ku buli kikumi mu 2020 nga bagerageranya n’abantu 169 mu 2014 ne 296 mu 2007;<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://genderdata.worldbank.org/en/economies/zambia#featured-indicators |access-date=2025-03-09 |website=World Bank Gender Data Portal |language=en}}</ref> mu myaka egyo emabega, omuwendo gw’abantu abafa nga bazaala guli 59.3 ku buli kikumi mu 2020 nga bagerageranya n’abantu 69.2 ne 93.3 mu 2014 ne 2007.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) |url=https://genderdata.worldbank.org/en/indicator/sh-dyn-mort?view=trend&gender=total&geos=ZMB |access-date=2025-03-09 |website=www.worldbank.org}}</ref> == Eby'enfuna == Mu 2022, Zambia ezitowa wakati w'obuwumbi bwa doolo 7.5 n'ebuwumbi 8 obuva mu by'obusuubuzi ebitundibwa w'abweru w'eggwanga buli mwaka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=International Trade Administration |date=2024-06-06 |title=Zambia - Market Overview |url=https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/zambia-market-overview |access-date=2024-06-23 |website=www.trade.gov |language=en}}</ref> Byonna awamu byali bibalirirwamu billiyooni doola 9.1 obuwumbi obw’ebintu ebifulumizibwa ebweru w'eggwanga mu 2018<ref>{{cite web |last1=Workman |first1=Daniel |title=Zambia's Top 10 Exports |url=http://www.worldstopexports.com/zambias-top-10-exports/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426214352/https://www.worldstopexports.com/zambias-top-10-exports/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=10 February 2020 |website=World's Top Exports}}</ref>M u 2015, abantu nga 54.4% baali babeera wansi w’oekigerogkyobwavu mu ggwanga, nga guno gwalongooka okuva ku 60.5% mu 2010.[3] Obwavu mu byalo bwali ku bitundu 76.6% ate mu bibuga bwali ku bitundu 23.4%.[3] Omutindo gw’obwavu mu ggwanga gwali ZMK 214 (US$12.85) buli mwezi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Poverty & Equity Brief: Zambia |url=https://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/poverty/33EF03BB-9722-4AE2-ABC7-AA2972D68AFE/Global_POVEQ_ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240207110244/https://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/poverty/33EF03BB-9722-4AE2-ABC7-AA2972D68AFE/Global_POVEQ_ZMB.pdf |archive-date=7 February 2024 |access-date=30 Dec 2021}}</ref> Okusinziira okwakasembayo mu 2018 okwakolebwa United Nations Development Programme, abantu 47.9% beeyongera okukosebwa obwavu obwengerera ddala.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 August 2022 |title=Zambia - Agriculture |url=https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/zambia-agriculture |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131162056/https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/zambia-agriculture |archive-date=31 January 2024 |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=International Trade Administration |language=en}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] 8um82q240gbv82ze2ycw6exg0hz4mrp 59374 59373 2026-07-06T17:30:43Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ekiba 59374 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Amawanga ga Luba-Lunda oluvannyuma gaakendeera olw'okutunda abaddu mu Atlantic mu Bugwanjuba ne mu Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba ne mu ntalo n'ebibinja ebyali byawuddwa ku bwakabaka. Aba Chokwe, ekibinja ekirina oluganda olw'okumpi ne Luvale era ne kitondebwawo ng'eggwanga lya Lunda satellite, mu kusooka gaakosebwa olw'obwetaavu bwabaddu eri Abazungu, naye bwe baawukana ku bwakabaka, bo bennyini baafuuka batunzi ba baddu abamanyiddwa ennyo, nga batunda abaddu ku mbalama zombi. Abachokwe oluvannyuma baawangulwa amawanga amalala n'Abaportugali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azuonye |first=Chukwuma |date=15 December 1996 |title=Chokwe: (Angola, Zambia) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ejao3vG6nfsC&pg=PA11 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-1990-1 |language=en}}</ref> Obutali butebenkevu buno bwaviirako okugwa kw'obwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'abantu okusaasaanira mu bitundu bya Zambia eby'enjawulo okuva mu Democratic Republic of the Congo. Abazambia abasinga obungi balina obuzaale mu bwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'obwakabaka obulala obuli mu Masekkati ga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1200, ng’eggwanga lya Luba-Lunda terinnatandikibwawo, ekibinja ky’aba Bantu baatandika okusenguka okuva mu Congo Basin okudda ku Nnyanja Mweru ate oluvannyuma ne basenga okumpi n’ennyanja Malawi. Abasenze bano balowoozebwa okuba nga baali abamu ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky’e Upemba mu Democratic Republic of Congo. Mu myaka gya 1400, ebibinja by’abasenze bano awamu baayitibwanga Maravi, era nga mu bo mwalimu Abachewa abaatandika okukoppa ebibinja by’aba Bantu nga Tumbuka.<ref name="Team">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 1480 Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwatandikibwawo kalonga (omukulu w'obwakabaka bwa Maravi) okuva mu kika kya Phiri, kimu ku bika ebikulu, ng'ebirala mulimu Banda, Mwale ne Nkhoma. Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwali buva ku Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Enkulaakulana y'ebyobufuzi ey'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi yali efaanana ey'Obwakabaka bwa Luba era kigambibwa nti bwavaayo. Ekyamaguzi ekikulu eky'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi kyali amasanga, agaatundibwanga okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Ekyuma nakyo kyakolebwanga era ne kitundibwa mu nsi endala. Mu myaka gya 1590, Abapotigo baagezaako okweddiza eby'obusuubuzi n’okutunda Maravi mu nsi endala. Okugezaako kuno kwaleetawo obusungu mu Maravi ab’e Lundu, abaasumulula eggye lyabwe erya WaZimba. WaZimba baalumba ebibuga by’Abapotigo eby’obusuubuzi nga Tete, Sena n’ebibuga ebirala bingi.<ref name="thinkafrica.net">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Abamaravi nabo bateeberezebwa okuba nga baaleeta obulombolombo obwandifuuse ekibiina kya Nyau eky'ekyama okuva e Upemba. Aba Nyau be bakola ku nzikiriza oba eddiini y'obuwangwa ey'abantu b'omu Maravi. Ekibiina kya Nyau kirimu okuzina okw'obulombolombo n'obukookolo obukozesebwa mu kuzina; enzikiriza eno yasaasaana okwetooloola ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maptia |title=The Secret Cult of Nyau Dancers |url=https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108130415/https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-date=8 November 2020 |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=Maptia |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwakendeera olw'enkaayana ezikwata ku busika mu mukago, okulumbibwa Ngoni n'okulumba abaddu okuva mu Yao.<ref name="thinkafrica.net2">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa ne Mfecane''' Ng'Obwakabaka bwa Great Zimbabwe bwali bukendedde, omu ku balangira baabwo, Nyatsimba Mutota, yava mu ggwanga n'atandikawo obwakabaka obupya obuyitibwa Mutapa. Ekitiibwa kya Mwene Mutapa, ekitegeeza "Omulumbaganyi w'Ensi", kyamuweebwa era n'abafuzi abaddirira.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mwene Matapa {{!}} historical dynastic title, southern Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520141810/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |archive-date=20 May 2023 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwafuganga ekitundu ekiri wakati w’Omugga Zambezi n’Omugga Limpopo, mu kitundu ekiriwo kati ekiyitibwa Zambia, Zimbabwe ne Mozambique, okuva mu kyasa ekya 14 okutuusa mu kyasa ekya 17. Mu ntikko yaabwo, Mutapa yali awambye ekitundu kya Dande eky’Omugga Tonga ne Tavara. Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwasinganga kwetaba mu by’obusuubuzi okusomoka Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okutuuka mu mawanga ag’omu Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Okufaananako abantu abaaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu mu Maravi, Mutapa yalina obuzibu n’abasuubuzi Abapotigo abaali bazze. Obutategeeragana buno we bwatuukira ku ntikko, Abapotigo baali bagezezzaako okukyusa mu nsonga z’omunda mu bwakabaka nga batandikawo obutale mu bwakabaka era nga bakyusa abantu okubayingiza Obukristaayo. Ekikolwa kino kyaleetawo obusungu mu Basiraamu AbaSwahili abaali babeera mu kibuga ekikulu, akavuyo kano kaawa Abapotigo ensonga gye baali banoonya okulumba obwakabaka era bagezeeko okufuga ebirombe by'abwo ebya zaabu n'enguudo awayitira amasanga. Obulumbaganyi buno bwagwa butaka Abapotigo bwe baalumbibwa endwadde nga bayita ku mugga Zambezi.<ref name="Mutapa">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1600 enkaayana ez'omunda n'olutalo lw'omunda byatandika okukendeera kwa Mutapa. Obwakabaka obwali bunafuye bwawangulwa Abapotigo era oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera bwatwalibwa amawanga ga Shona bwe baali bawalangana.<ref name="Mutapa2">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Abapotigo nabo baalina ettaka ddene, eryali limanyiddwa nga Prazos, era baakozesanga abaddu n'abaali abaddu ng'abakuumi n'abayizzi. Baatendekanga abasajja mu bukodyo bw'amagye era ne babawa emmundu. Abasajja bano baafuuka abayizzi b'enjovu abakugu era baali bamanyiddwa nga ba Chikunda. Oluvannyuma lw'okukendeera kw'Abapotigo, Chikunda baasobola okwesolossa munda mu Zambia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2019 |title=Chikunda |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227184451/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |archive-date=27 February 2021 |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Portugal okubeera mu kitundu ekyo kyali nsonga lwaki obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwatandikibwawo, eggwanga eryali lyetongodde ku Mutapa. Omukulembeze w'obwakabaka bwa Rozvi, Changamire Dombo, yafuuka omu ku bakulembeze abasingayo amaanyi mu byafaayo bya South-Central Africa. Wansi w'obukulembeze bwe, obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwawangula Abapotigo ne babaggya mu bifo mwe baali bakolera bizineesi ku mugga Zambezi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rozwi {{!}} historical state, Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125203243/https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |archive-date=25 January 2021 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Naye oboolyawo ekyokulabirako ekisinga okumanyibwa mu kino okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti kwe kweyongera kw’Abazulu wansi w’obukulembeze bwa Shaka. Okupikirizibwa okuva eri Abangereza abafuzi b’amatwale mu Cape ne okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti mu Bazulu kyavaako Mfecane (okunyigirizibwa). Abazulu beeyongera nga bayingiza abakazi n’abaana b’ebika bye baawangula, singa abasajja b’ebika bino ebya Nguni baawona okuttibwa, baakozesa obukodyo bw’amagye obw’Abazulu okulumba ebibinja ebirala.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Kino kyaviirako abantu bangi okusenguka, entalo n'obulumbaganyi mu Bukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati ne mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika nga ab'ekika kya Nguni oba Ngoni nga bakulembeddwamu Zwagendaba baasomoka omugga Zambezi nga batambulira mu Bukiikakkono. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni be baakuba ekibuga Maravi Empire ekyali kinafuye. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni abasinga obungi baasenga mu kitundu ekyali Zambia, [[Malawi]], [[Mozambique]] ne [[Tanzania]] era ne beegatta ku bika ebyali mu kitundu ekyo.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history2">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Zambia, ekibinja ekirala eky’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Afirika eky’Abasotho-Tswana abava mu Luba ne Lunda ezaagwa edda abayitibwa Abaluyana baawamba Kololo ne bamussaako olulimi Olukololo okutuusa Abaluyana lwe beekalakaasa ne baggyako Kololo mu kiseera kino olulimi Olukololo lwali lwerabiddwa era olulimi olupya olugattiddwa lwe lwavaamu, SiLozi era Abaluyana baatandika okweyita Abalozi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lozi {{!}} people |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528092724/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |archive-date=28 May 2023 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kya 18, Abamu ku Mbunda baasengukira mu Barotseland, Mongu oluvannyuma lw'okusenguka kw'abantu abalala, nga muno mwe muli, Ciyengele.<ref>'' The elites of Barotseland, 1878–1969: a political history of Zambia's Western Province'': a. Gerald L. Caplan, C. Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd, 1970, {{ISBN|0-900966-38-6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=maniacky |first=jacky |title=bantu zone K |url=http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140411045127/http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-date=2014-04-11 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.bantu-languages.com}}</ref> '''Ekiseera ky'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' '''Abazungu''' Omu ku Bulaaya abaasooka okuwandiikibwa nga baakyalako mu kitundu kino yali omuvumbuzi Omupotigo Francisco de Lacerda ku nkomerero y'ekyasa ekya 18. Lacerda yakulemberamu ekibinja ky'abavumbuzi okuva e Mozambique okutuuka mu kitundu ky'e Kazembe mu Zambia (nga balina ekiruubirirwa eky'okuvumbula n'okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa okuva ku lubalama lw'ennyanja okutuuka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja omulundi ogusooka),<ref>{{cite web |year=1798 |title=Instructions and Travel Diary that Governor Francisco Joze de Lacerda e Almeida Wrote about His Travel to the Center of Africa, Going to the River of Sena, in the Year of 1798 |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905135844/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |archive-date=5 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Library of Congress}}</ref> era n'afa mu kiseera ky'olugendo mu 1798. Olugendo luno okuva olwo lwakulemberwamu mukwano gwe Francisco Pinto.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hartnett |first=Craig |title=Portuguese Expedition to Northern Rhodesia, 1798–99 |url=http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924023553/http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Great North Road (GNR, Northern Rhodesia, Zambia) |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ekitundu kino, ekisangibwa wakati wa Mozambique ne [[Angola]], kyali kigambibwa nti kyali kya Bupotugo mu kiseera ekyo. Abalala abava mu Bulaaya baagoberera mu kyasa 19. Eyasinga okumanyika mu bano yali David Livingstone, eyalina okwolesebwa okw'okukomya okusuubula abaddu ng'ayita mu "3Cs": Obukristaayo, Ebyobusuubuzi, n'Obuwangwa. Ye Muzungu eyasooka okulaba ebisulo by'amazzi ebyewuunyisa ku Mugga Zambezi mu 1855, n'abyogerako bw'ati: "Ebifo ebirabika obulungi bityo biteekwa okuba nga byatunuulirwa bamalayika mu kudduka kwabwe".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Livingstone Discovers Victoria Falls, 1855 |url=http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522092057/http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |archive-date=22 May 2020 |access-date=28 May 2020 |website=EyeWitness to History}}</ref> Mu kitundu kino ebiyiriro bimanyiddwa nga "Mosi-o-Tunya" oba "omukka ogubwatuka" mu lulimi Lozi oba Kololo. Ekibuga Livingstone, okumpi n'ebiyiriro, kiyitibwa erinnya lye. Emboozi ezikwata ku ŋŋendo ze zaali zimanyiddwa nnyo ne kiviirako abagenyi bangi okuva mu Bulaaya, abaminsani, n'abasuubuzi oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwe mu 1873.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627015544/https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-date=27 June 2020 |website=The Provincial Administration Website}}</ref> '''Kampuni ya British South Africa Company''' Mu 1888, kampuni ya British South Africa Company (BSA Company), eyakulemberwa Cecil Rhodes, yafuna olukusa okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka okuva ku Litunga ow'abantu ba Lozi, omukulu w'essaza ly'abantu ba Lozi (Ba-rotse) mu kitundu ekyafuuka Barotziland-North-Western Rhodesia.<ref name="livingstone">{{cite web |author=Livingstone Tourism Association |title=Destination:Zambia&nbsp;– History and Culture |url=http://www.livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012153527/http://livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> Ebuvanjuba, mu Gwekkumineebiri 1897 ekibinja ky’Abangoni oba Abangoni (abaasibuka mu Zululand) beekalakaasa nga bakulemberwa Tsinco, mutabani wa Kabaka Mpezeni, naye obujeemu bwakomezebwawo,<ref name="unam">{{cite web |author1=Human Rights |author2=Documentation Centre |name-list-style=amp |title=Zambia: Historical Background |url=http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311093653/http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-date=11 March 2007 |access-date=14 January 2011}}</ref> era Mpezeni n’akkiriza Pax Britannica. Ekitundu ky’eggwanga ekyo kyatandika okumanyibwa nga Rhodesia ey'omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba. Mu 1895, Rhodes yasaba omusikawutu wa Omumerika Frederick Russell Burnham okunoonya eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka n’engeri y’okulongoosaamu entambula y’emigga mu kitundu ekyo, era mu lugendo luno mwe mwazuulibwa Frederick Russell Burnham eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka bingi ku mugga Kafue.<ref name="burnham1899">{{cite book |last=Burnham |first=Frederick Russell |author-link=Frederick Russell Burnham |year=1899 |title=Bulawayo Up-to-date; Being a General Sketch of Rhodesia |title-link=s:Northern Rhodesia |publisher=Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co. |editor-last=Wills |editor-first=Walter H. |pages=177–180 |chapter=Northern Rhodesia}}</ref> '''Obufuzi bw'amatwale ga Bungereza''' Mu 1953, okutondebwawo kwa Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland z'agatta wamu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono ne Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo, ne Nyasaland (kati Malawi) ng’ekitundu kimu ekyetongodde. Kino kyakolebwa wadde nga waaliwo okuwakanyizibwa okuva mu bantu abatono, abaakola okwekalakaasa okwaliwo mu 1960–61.<ref name="infoplease">{{cite web |author=Pearson Education |title=Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Federation of |url=http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012231959/http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> '''Obwetwaaze''' Omukago gwasaanyizibwawo nga 31 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, era mu Gwoluberyeberye 1964, Kaunda yawangula akalulu k'Obwaminisita bwa Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono. Gavana w'amatwale, Sir Evelyn Hone, yali mukwano nnyo gwa Kaunda era yamukubiriza okwesimbawo ku kifo ekyo. Mangu ddala oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, waaliwo okwekalakaasa mu Bukiikakkono bw'eggwanga eryo eryali limanyiddwa nga Lumpa Uprising nga lyali liduumirwa Alice Lenshina – Kaunda's first internal conflict as leader of the nation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2020 |title=Alice Lenshina |url=https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228081501/https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |archive-date=28 February 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=The British Empire}}</ref> Rhodesia yafuuka Republic of Zambia nga 24 Ogwekkumi 1964, nga Kenneth Kaunda ye pulezidenti eyasooka. Ku kufuna obwetwaze, wadde nga yalina ebyobugagga eby'omu ttaka ebingi, Zambia yasanga okusoomoozebwa okw'amaanyi. Munda mu ggwanga, waaliwo Abazambia abatendeke era abayivu abasukka mu 70,000 abaali basobola okuddukanya gavumenti, era ebyenfuna byali byesigamye nnyo ku bakugu okuva mu mawanga amalala. Obukugu buno bwaweebwa mu ngeri emu oba endala omubaka wa Bungereza mu Zambia John Willson.<ref>[http://www.chu.cam.ac.uk/archives/collections/BDOHP/Willson.pdf WILLSON, John Michael (born 15 July 1931)]{{Dead link|date=June 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}. BDOHP Biographical Details and Interview Index. chu.cam.ac.uk</ref> Waaliwo Abazungu abasukka mu 70,000 ababeera mu Zambia mu 1964, era baasigala nga ba mugaso nnyo mu byenfuna.<ref name="Zambia">{{Cite news|date=1964-10-25|title=1964: President Kaunda takes power in Zambia|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605125604/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-date=5 June 2013|access-date=2025-09-13|url-status=live|language=en-GB}}</ref> Kaunda okuwagira abayeekera ba Patriotic Front abaali bakola obulumbaganyi mu mawanga ag'omuliraano (Bukiikaddyo) Rhodesia kyaleetawo obunkenke mu by'obufuzi era ne kireetawo okukozesa amagye ku nsalo, era kino kyaviirako ensalo okuggalwa mu 1973.<ref name="blackfire">{{cite book |last=Raeburn |first=Michael |year=1978 |title=We are everywhere: Narratives from Rhodesian guerillas |url=https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-0-394-50530-5 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 1–209]}}</ref>Ebbibiro ly'amasannyalaze erya Kariba ku mugga Zambezi lyawa amasannyalaze agamala okukola ku byetaago by'eggwanga eby'amasannyalaze, wadde nga Rhodesia ye yali ekola ku by'amasannyalaze. Nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1978, ennyonyi ey'abantu ba bulijjo, Air Rhodesia Flight 825, yakubibwa amasasi okumpi ne Kariba abayeekera ba Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) abaakulemberwa Joshua Nkomo. Rhodesia yaddamu n'ekikwekweto kya Gatling, okulumba enkambi endala mu Zambia nga bakozesa amaanyi g'ennyonyi n'abajaasi abakugu mu kubuuka mu bbanga n'abajaasi abakugu mu kukozesa ennyonyi.<ref>{{cite web |title=GREEN LEADER. OPERATION GATLING, THE RHODESIAN MILITARY'S RESPONSE TO THE VISCOUNT TRAGEDY |url=http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125155440/http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-date=25 January 2017 |access-date=22 April 2017}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1970, Mozambique ne Angola zaali zifunye obwetwaze okuva ku Portugal. Gavumenti ya Rhodesia eyali esingamu abazungu, eyafulumya Ekirangiriro ky’Obwetwaze mu 1965, yakkiriza obufuzi obw’abantu abangi wansi w’Endagaano ya Lancaster House mu 1979.<ref name="zimstudy">{{cite book |last=Nelson |first=Harold |year=1983 |title=Zimbabwe: A Country Study |publisher=Claitors Publishing Division |isbn=978-0-16-001598-4 |pages=54–137}}</ref> Obukuubagano mu bitundu byombi ebyali bifugibwa Abapotigo n'olutalo lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwa [[Namibia]] byaviirako okuyingira kw'abanoonyi b'obubudamuera ne kyongera ku buzibu bw'ebyentambula. Oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Benguela, olwayita mu [[Angola]], lwaggalwawo ddala eri ebyentambula bya Zambia mu myaka gya 1970 egyali gisembayo. Zambia okuwagira ebibiina ebirwanyisa obusosoze mu mawanga nga African National Congress (ANC) era kyaleetawo obuzibu bw'ebyokwerinda ng'amagye ga South Africa Defence Force galumba ebifo ebitali bimu mu lutalo lw'okulwanyisa obwetwaze bwa Namibia.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Evans, M. |year=1984 |title=The Front-Line States, South Africa and Southern African Security: Military Prospects and Perspectives |url=http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/Journal%20of%20the%20University%20of%20Zimbabwe/vol12n1/juz012001002.pdf |journal=Zambezia |volume=12 |page=1}}</ref> '''Ebizibu by'ebyenfuna''' Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1970, omuwendo gwa kkopa, ekyamaguzi ekikulu ekiva mu Zambia, gwasereba nnyo mu nsi yonna. Mu mbeera ya Zambia, obungi bw'okutambuza kkopa eŋŋendo empanvu okutuuka mu katale kyali kizibu kinene. Zambia yasaba obuyambi okuva mu mawanga ag'ebweru n'ag'ensi yonna, naye, nga bbeeyi ya kkopa esigadde nga yasereba, kyeyongera okubeera ekizibu okusasula amabanja gaayo agaali geeyongera. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1990, wadde nga tewaaliwo kusonyiyibwa mabanja, ebbeyi ya kkopa eyali eva mu Zambia yali emu ku bintu ebyali bisinga okuba eby'ebbeeyi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia (12/08) |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625080205/https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |archive-date=25 June 2020 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> '''Okukola ku nsonga z'abantu''' Mu Gwomukaaga 1990, obwegugungo obwali buwakanya Kaunda bwatandika era abeekalakaasi bangi battibwa gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2020 |title=About Zambia |url=http://www.psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509233410/http://psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-date=9 May 2016 |access-date=20 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bartlett |first=David M. C. |date=2000 |title=Civil Society and Democracy: A Zambian Case Study |journal=Journal of Southern African Studies |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=429–446 |doi=10.1080/030570700750019655 |issn=0305-7070 |jstor=2637411 |s2cid=143480603}}</ref>Mu 1990, Kaunda yawona okulumbibwa amagye, era mu 1991, yakkiriza okuzzaawo enfuga ey'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, oluvannyuma lw'okussaawo enfuga ey'ekibiina ekimu wansi w'akakiiko ka Choma aka 1972. Oluvannyuma lw'okulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, Kaunda yaggyibwa mu woofiisi oluvannyuma lw'okuwangulwa mu kulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi Frederick Chiluba. Mu myaka gya 2000, ebyenfuna byanywerera, ne bituuka ku kweyongera kw'ebbeeyi y'ebintu mu 2006–2007, okweyongera kw'ebyenfuna, okukendeera kw'amagoba, n'okweyongera kw'omutindo gw'ebyobusuubuzi. Bingi ku kukulaakulana kuno kuvudde ku kusiga ensimbi okuva ebweru mu by'okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka n'okweyongera kw'emiwendo gy'ekikomo mu nsi yonna. Bino byonna byaleetera Zambia okusikirizibwa ennyo abagabi b'obuyambi era ne kireetera abasiga nsimbi okwongera okwesiga eggwanga lino. == Ebyobufuzi == Ebyobufuzi mu Zambia bitambulira mu nkola ey'omukulembeze w'eggwanga omukiise mu demokulasiya ow'eggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo, omukulembeze wa Zambia y'akulira eggwanga era akulira gavumenti mu ggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo. Gavumenti ekozesa obuyinza obw'okuteeka mu nkola, ate obuyinza obw'okukola amateeka buweebwa gavumenti ne paalamenti. Zambia yafuuka repubuliki oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu Gwekkumi 1964. Okuva mu 2011 okutuuka mu 2014, pulezidenti wa Zambia yali Michael Sata, okutuusa Sata lwe yafa nga 28 Ogwekkumi 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zambian President Michael Sata dies in London - BBC News|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705073526/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-date=2017-07-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=BBC News|language=en-GB}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Sata, omumyuka wa pulezidenti Guy Scott, Omuzambia ow'ensibuko y'Abasikawutu, yafuuka omukungu akola nga pulezidenti. Okulonda kwa pulezidenti kwaliwo nga 22 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015. Omugatte gw’abantu 11 abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti be beesimbawo mu kulonda era nga 24 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015, kyalangirirwa nti Edgar Chagwa Lungu yali awangudde okulonda okufuuka pulezidenti ow’omukaaga. Yawangula ebitundu 48.33% eby’obululu, ng’obululu 1.66% bwali bumusinga ku munnabyabufuzi akyasinze okuvuganya gavumenti, Hakainde Hichilema, eyafuna ebitundu 46.67%.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Defence Minister Lungu wins Zambia's disputed presidential race|url=http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305065726/http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-date=2016-03-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=Yahoo News|language=en-US}}</ref>Abantu abalala mwenda abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti baafuna obululu obutaweza na bitundu 1% ku bululu bwonna. Mu kulonda pkwaliwo mu Gwomunaana 2016 Zambian general election pulezidenti Edgar Lungu yawangula okulonda okw’omulundi ogw’okubiri. Omukago ogutaba ebibiina by’ebyobufuzi ogwa Patriotic Front (PF) gwagaana ebyali byogerwa ab’oludda oluvuganya gavumenti, UPND party.<ref name="bbc-15aug2016">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|title=Zambia's President Edgar Lungu declared election winner|work=BBC News|date=15 August 2016|access-date=17 May 2021|archive-date=26 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026223033/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021, okwalimu abalonzi 70% ku abo abaali basuubirwa, Hakainde Hichilema yawangula ebitundu 59% eby’obululu, ng’omuvuganya we eyali asingayo okuba ow’amaanyi, Edgar Chagwa Lungu, eyali pulezidenti mu kiseera ekyo, yafuna ebitundu 39% eby’obululu.<ref name="zm-elec-39">{{Cite news|url=https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm|title=Presidential Election Results|work=Electoral Commission of Zambia|date=16 August 2021|access-date=27 December 2021|archive-date=2 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102194510/https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm/}}</ref> Nga 16 Ogwomunaana Edgar Lungu yakkiriza mu kiwandiiko kye yafulumya ku ttivi, ng’aweereza ebbaluwa era ng’ayozayoza pulezidenti omulonde Hakainde Hichilema.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-08-16|title=Zambia election: Hakainde Hichilema beats President Edgar Lungu|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|access-date=2021-08-16|archive-date=24 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824152003/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|last=Kabwe|first=Zitto|author-link=Zitto Kabwe|user=zittokabwe|number=1426967254986629126|date=15 August 2021|title=#Zambia President @EdgarCLungu has conceded in a letter sent to now president elect @HHichilema of @UPNDZM. Once again Zambia has shown the world the level of its democratic maturity. Peaceful transfer of power is happening for third time in history. Congratulations Zambians|language=en|access-date=30 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827180204/https://twitter.com/zittokabwe/status/1426967254986629126|archive-date=27 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomunaana 2021, Hakainde Hichilema yalayizibwa nga pulezidenti wa Zambia omuggya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2021 |title=Zambia's Hakainde Hichilema sworn in as President in rare victory for an African opposition leader |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116213703/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |archive-date=16 November 2021 |access-date=16 November 2021}}</ref> '''Amaggye''' Mu 2019, Zambia yassa omukono ku ndagaano ya UN ekwata ku Kuziyiza eby'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa ebya Nukiriya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2017 |title=Chapter XXVI: Disarmament&nbsp;– No. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806220546/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |archive-date=6 August 2019 |access-date=18 October 2019 |publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection}}</ref> '''Amateeka n'eddembe ly'obuntu''' Gavumenti evunaanye abavumirira nga bakozesa ebigambo by'amateeka nti baali bawabya abantu. Amateeka agakwata ku kuwandiika ebintu ebikyamu gakozesebwa okukugira eddembe ly'okwogera ne bannamawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2015 |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225030706/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-date=2021-02-25 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=2009-2017.state.gov}}</ref> Ebikolwa eby'okweganza wakati w'abantu ab'ekikula ekimu kimenya mateeka eri abasajja n'abakazi mu Zambia.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 May 2016 |title=State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition |url=http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902183618/http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |archive-date=2 September 2017 |access-date=29 July 2017 |website=[[International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Daniel|last=Avery|title=71 Countries Where Homosexuality is Illegal|url=https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|work=Newsweek|date=4 April 2019|access-date=18 August 2019|archive-date=11 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211204842/https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|url-status=live}}</ref> Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu 2010 kwalaga nti ebitundu 2% ebya Bannansi ba Zambia bakitwala nti okulya ebisiyaga tekirina buzibu bwonna ku mpisa.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Meyer |first1=Birgit |date=2021 |title=What Is Religion in Africa? Relational Dynamics in an Entangled World |journal=Journal of Religion in Africa |publisher=Brill |volume=50 |issue=1–2 |pages=156–181 |doi=10.1163/15700666-12340184 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2019, kyategeezebwa nti Omubaka wa Amerika mu Zambia Daniel Lewis Foote "yakwatibwa ensisi" olw'engeri Zambia gy'ekuumamu abalyi b'ebisiyaga mu makomera. Oluvannyuma lw'okujulira ne kulema era nga n'abafumbo bano Japhet Chataba ne Steven Samba baasalirwa ekibonerezo kya kusibibwa emyaka 15 mu makomera, Foote yasaba gavumenti ya Zambia okuddamu okwekenneenya omusango guno n'amateeka ga Zambia agalwanyisa ebisiyaga. Foote yafuna obuzibu era n'asazaamu okujja mu bantu oluvannyuma lw'okutiisibwatiisibwa ku mikutu gya yintaneeti, era oluvannyuma lw'okulangirirwa Lungu nti y'omuntu ataagalwa mu ggwanga eryo.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 December 2019 |title=US recalls ambassador to Zambia after gay rights row |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231195603/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |archive-date=31 December 2019 |access-date=12 January 2020 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 2026, gavumenti ya Zambia yavumirirwa olw'okwongezaayo olukiiko olw'amaanyi olw'ensi yonna olw'eddembe ly'obuntu, RightsCon, ennaku musanvu zokka nga tezinnatuuka okubeerawo mu Lusaka. Olukiiko olwo oluvannyuma lwasazibwamu oluvannyuma lw'okumanya nti gavumenti ya Zambia yali esaba, kirabika nga kya kusaba kw'abakungu ba China, okulungamya n'okuggyako aboogezi okuva e Taiwan. Abakugu baayogedde ku kweraliikirira olw'okulondoola n'okweyongera kw'obulabe eri ebitongole by'obwanakyewa.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gault ·|first1=Matthew|title=World's Largest Digital Human Rights Conference Suddenly Canceled|url=https://www.404media.co/rightscon-human-rights-conference-suddenly-postponed/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=404 Media|date=29 April 2026|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Elliott|first1=Vittoria|title=The Chinese Government Just Got the World's Largest Digital Rights Conference Canceled|url=https://www.wired.com/story/the-chinese-government-pressured-zambia-to-cancel-the-worlds-largest-digital-rights-conference/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Wired|date=1 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hendrix|first1=Justin|title=RightsCon Canceled After Zambia Requires 'Full Alignment' With 'National Values'|url=https://www.techpolicy.press/rightscon-canceled-after-zambia-requires-full-alignment-with-national-values/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Tech Policy Press|date=30 April 2026|language=en}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo by'abantu''' Okusinziira ku kubala abantu okwa 2022 mu Zambia, omuwendo gw'abantu mu Zambia gwali 19,610,769.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia's Population up to 19,610,769 in 2022 from 13,092,666 in 2010 – Zambia Statistics Agency |url=https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305022051/https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |archive-date=5 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ebibinja by'abantu ebisinga obunene mu Zambia beebo abayitibwa Bemba obukadde 3.3 (33.6%), Nyanja obukadde 1.8 (18.2%), Tonga obukadde 1.7 (16.8%), Abantu ab’omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba 1,000,000 (10.3%), Abalozii (Barotse) 770,000 (7.8%), Abamabwe 580,000 (5.9%), Abatumbuka 500,000 (5.1%), Abalamba 165,000 (2%), Abayindi 11,900 n’Abazungu 6,200.<ref>{{cite journal |date=2 November 2023 |title=Zambia |url=https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909114747/https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |archive-date=9 September 2023 |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=minorityrights.org}}</ref> Zambia y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubeeramu abantu mu bibuga mu Afirika eri wansi wa Sahara, ng'ebitundu 44% eby'abantu babeera mu bitundu ebisinga okubeeramu entambula, so ng'ate ebyalo birimu abantu batono nnyo. Omuwendo gw'abaana abazaalibwa gwali 6.2 mu 2007 (6.1 mu 1996, 5.9 mu 2001–02).<ref>{{cite web |title=Welcome to the Official site of Zambian Statistics |url=http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113144454/http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-date=13 November 2014 |access-date=11 April 2014 |publisher=Zamstats.gov.zm}}</ref> '''Ebibuga ebisinga obunene''' Okutandika kw'okuyiikuula ekikomo mu makolero ku Copperbelt mu myaka gya 1920 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga. Wadde ng'okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga kwali kuteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, kyali kinene nnyo.[1] Ebibuga ebikolebwamu eby'obugagga ku Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali eteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, yali nnene nnyo.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Potts |first=Deborah |date=2005 |title=Counter-urbanisation on the Zambian Copperbelt? Interpretations and implications |journal=Urban Studies |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=583–609 |bibcode=2005UrbSt..42..583P |doi=10.1080/00420980500060137 |s2cid=154412136}}</ref> Ebibuga ebirimu ebirombe bya Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali y'etoloolera ku gaali z'omukka n'enguudo okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwe bironbe bya kkoppa okuyita mu Kapiri Mposhi, Lusaka, Choma ne Livingstone. '''Ebibinja by'abantu''' Zambia elimu ebika nga 73,<ref name="BritannicaPeople">{{Cite web |title=Zambia – People |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambia/People |access-date=1 October 2024 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref><ref name="epr">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> wadde mu nkola waliwo ebibinja ebitono ebirabika obulungi.[2] Abazambia abasinga boogera Olubantu.<ref name="epr2">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ebibinja ebisinga obunene mu lulimi bye Bemba, Nyanja (era ekiyitibwa Chewa), ne Tonga; ebibinja ebirala ebitali binene nnyo bye Kaonde, Lozi, Luanda, ne Luvale.[2]<ref name="epr" /> Mu 2010, omuwendo gw'abantu gwateeberezebwa okuba ebitundu 21% Bemba, ebitundu 13.6% Tonga, ebitundu 7.4% Chewa, ebitundu 5.7% Lozi, ebitundu 5.3% Nsenga, ebitundu 4.4% Tumbuka, ebitundu 4.0% Ngoni, ne 38.6% abalala.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Bemba kye kisinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkono, Luapula, ne Copperbelt; ekibinja kya Tonga mu bitundu by'Obukiikaddyo, n'eby'Obugwanjuba; n'ekibinja kya Lozi mu bitundu by'Obugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Tumbuka ekitono ennyo kisangibwa mu kiwonvu kya Luangwa mu Buvanjuba.[2] Tewali kibinja ky'abantu aboogera olulimi olumu abasinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ebitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba tebirimu bantu bangi nnyo.<ref name="epr3">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ng’oggyeko olulimi, obuwangwa bukulu mu Zambia.<ref name="epr3" />Obuwangwa buno batera okubukwataganya n’obwesigwa bw’amaka oba n’ab’obuyinza eb'ennono. Obuwangwa buno busengekeddwa mu bibinja by’ennimi ebikulu.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Posner |first=Daniel N. |date=2005-06-06 |title=Institutions and Ethnic Politics in Africa |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-83398-1 |language=en |doi=10.1017/CBO9780511808661 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083432/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |archive-date=2023-03-21}}</ref> Abagwiira, okusingira ddala Abangereza oba Aba South Afrika, wamu n'abamu ku bannansi ba Zambia abeeru Abazungu abava mu Bungereza, babeera nnyo mu Lusaka ne mu Copperbelt mu Bukiikakkono bwa Zambia, gye baba nga bakola mu birombe, mu by'ensimbi n'emirimu emirala egifaananako bwe gityo oba nga bawummudde. Waaliwo Abazungu 70,000 mu Zambia mu 1964, naye bangi okuva olwo bavudde mu ggwanga.<ref name="Zambia" /> Zambia erina abantu abatono naye nga balina omugaso mu byenfuna abava mu Asia, abasinga obungi ku bo Buhindi ne Bachina. Ekibinja kino eky’abantu abatono ky'ekikyasinze okufuga eby’enfuna nga kye kikola ku by’okutunda ebintu. Kiteeberezebwa nti Abachina nga 80,000 be baali babeera mu Zambia mu 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ZAMBIA: Zambians wary of |url=http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910230935/http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-date=2011-09-10 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=IRINnews}}</ref> Mu myaka egiyise, ebikumi n’ebikumi by’abalimi abazungu abaali bagobeddwa mu Zimbabwe baasengukira e Zambia oluvannyuma lw’okuyitibwa gavumenti ya Zambia, okutandika okulima mu matwae g'omu Bukiikaddyo.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zim's Loss, Zam's gain: White Zimbabweans making good in Zambia|date=June 2004|newspaper=The Economist|access-date=28 August 2009|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110215085211/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-date=15 February 2011}}</ref><ref name="Spiegel">{{Cite news|title=Settling in Zambia: Zimbabwe's Displaced Farmers Find a New Home|last=Thielke|first=Thilo|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|date=27 December 2004|access-date=28 August 2009|periodical=[[Der Spiegel]]|archive-date=19 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619050250/http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza okwalebwa ku banoonyi b'obubuddamu mu 2009 ekyakubibwa akakiikio ka America akavunanyizibwa ku banoonyi b'obubudamu n'abagwiira eka U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, Zambia yalina omuwendo gw’abanoonyi b’obubudamu n’abanoonya obubudamu nga bali 88,900. Abanoonyi b’obubudamu abasinga obungi mu ggwanga baava mu Democratic Republic of the Congo (ababundabunda 47,300 okuva mu DRC ng'ababeera mu Zambia mu 2007), Angola (27,100 Bannangola Zambia), Zimbabwe (5,400) ne Rwanda (4,900).<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009">{{cite news|title=World Refugee Survey 2009|publisher=U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants|url=http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211175633/http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-date=11 December 2013}}</ref> Bannansi ba Zambia okutwaliza awamu baaniriza abagwira. Okutandika mu Gwokutaano 2008, omuwendo gw'Abazimbabwe mu Zambia gwatandika okulinnya ennyo; okuyingira kwali kusinga kw'Abazimbabwe abaali babeera mu South Africa abaali badduka obutabanguko obwali mu ggwanga eryo.<ref name="IRIN">{{Cite news|title=Zambia: Rising levels of resentment towards Zimbabweans|date=9 June 2008|access-date=7 August 2023|periodical=[[The New Humanitarian|IRIN News]]|url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2008/06/09/rising-levels-resentment-towards-zimbabweans|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930005909/http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=78648|archive-date=2009-09-30}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Kumpi abanoonyi b'obubudamo 60,000 babeera mu nkambi mu Zambia, ate 50,000 babeera mu bantu ba bulijjo. Abanoonyi b'obubudamo abaagala okukola mu Zambia balina okusaba olukusa saako n'ebiwandiiko ebikukkiriza okukola nga bino biyinza okutwala ddoola 500 buli mwaka.<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009" /> '''Eddiini''' Zambia mu butongole "eggwanga ery'Ekiikuristaayo" wansi wa Ssemateeka w'eggwanga owa 1996, naye essa ekitiibwa mu kukuuma eddembe ly'eddiini n'okusinza.<ref>{{cite web |date=30 June 2008 |title=Constitution of Zambia, 1991(Amended to 1996) |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105055544/http://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |archive-date=5 November 2012 |access-date=18 December 2012 |publisher=Scribd.com}}</ref> Zambia lye ggwanga lyokka mu Afirika erirangirira Obukristaayo ng'eddiini y'eggwanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Haynes |first=N. |date=2021 |title=Taking Dominion in a Christian Nation: North American Political Theology in an African Context |journal=Pneuma |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=214–232 |doi=10.1163/15700747-bja10036 |hdl=20.500.11820/48b556a6-cf81-4058-bf5b-894934a35ca0 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ekitongole kya Zambia ekivunaanyizibwa ku kubala abantu ekya Zambia Statistics Agency mu 2022 kyabalirira nti 98.0% ku Bannazambia Bakristaayo, nga 74.5% Bapulotesitanti, 17.9% Bakatoliki ate 5.6% Bajulirwa ba Yakuwa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2025-07-24 |title=RELIGIOUS LANDSCAPE OF ZAMBIA: AN ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF THE 2022 CENSUS FINDINGS |url=https://www.amulufeblog.com/2025/07/religious-landscape-of-zambia.html |access-date=2026-02-12 |website=Amulufeblog |language=en}}</ref> Enzikiriza z'ekikulisitaayo mu Zambia mulimu Apolotesitante, Abavangelika saako n'Abapentecoote.<ref name=":1" /> Obukristaayo bwatuuka mu Zambia okuyita mu bufuzi bw'amatwale obw'Abazungu, era enjawulo yaakyo ey'ebibiina eby'enjawulo eraga enkyukakyuka mu nkola y'obuminsani; okugeza, Obukatoliki bwava mu Mozambique ey'Abaportugalezi mu Buvanjuba, so ng'Obulokole bwava mu Bungereza mu Bukiikaddyo. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu 1964, Zambia yalaba okweyongera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibiina by'obuminsani ebirala okuva mu bitundu by'ensi ebitali bimu, naddala Amerika ey'Obukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. Mu byasa ebyaddirira, emirimu gy'obuminsani egy'Abazungu egyaddira abakkiriza ab'omu kitundu (okuggyako ebifo ebimu eby'obuminsani, gamba ng'abasawo). Oluvannyuma lwa Frederick Chiluba, Omukulisitaayo Omukristaayo, okufuuka pulezidenti mu 1991, ebibiina by'obuminsani eby'Abazungu byeyongera nnyo okwetooloola Zambia okuva mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu 1964, Zambia yalaba okweyongera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibiina by'obuminsani eby'Abazungu okuva mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani.<ref name="pentecostal">{{cite book |last=Steel |first=Matthew |year=2005 |title=Pentecostalism in Zambia: Power, Authority and the Overcomers |publisher=University of Wales |id=MSc Dissertation}}</ref> Eddiini z'Ekikristaayo ezimu ezirina abagoberezi batono mu nsi yonna zimanyiddwa nnyo mu Zambia. Eggwanga lino lirina abantu abawerako ab'enzikiriza y'eki Adiventi nga mu bibala ku Bazambia 18 osangamu 1 omu Adiventi.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 October 2012 |title=Zambia Union Conference&nbsp;– Adventist Directory |url=http://www.adventistdirectory.org/ViewAdmField.aspx?AdmFieldID=ZAUM |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427045842/https://www.adventistdirectory.org/ViewAdmField.aspx?AdmFieldID=ZAUM |archive-date=27 April 2023 |access-date=18 December 2012 |publisher=Adventistdirectory.org}}</ref> Ekkanisa y'Abalokole eya Central Africa erimu abagoberezi abasukka mu 11,000 mu ggwanga.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lutheran Church of Central Africa: Zambia |url=http://www.celc.info/site/cpage.asp?sec_id=180010197&cpage_id=180031341 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131193035/http://www.celc.info/site/cpage.asp?sec_id=180010197&cpage_id=180031341 |archive-date=31 January 2017 |publisher=Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference}}</ref> Abantu abasukka mu bitundu 12 ku buli kikumi mu Zambia basabira mu Kkanisa ya New Apostostoc Church.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hayashida |first=Nelson Osamu |date=1999 |title=Dreams in the African Literature: The Significance of Dreams and Visions Among Zambian Baptists |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CkNC6-Wmga4C&q=One+in+11+Zambians+is+a+member+of+the+New+Apostolic+Church&pg=PA36 |publisher=Rodopi |isbn=978-90-420-0596-9 |language=en |access-date=3 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518182155/https://books.google.com/books?id=CkNC6-Wmga4C&q=One+in+11+Zambians+is+a+member+of+the+New+Apostolic+Church&pg=PA36#v=snippet&q=One%20in%2011%20Zambians%20is%20a%20member%20of%20the%20New%20Apostolic%20Church&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nga balina abagoberezi abasukka mu kakadde kamu mu emitwalo abiri, eggwanga lirimu ekibiina ky'Abaseveniside ekisinga obunene mu Afirika, okuva ku bantu abasukka mu bukadde mwenda mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Membership figures of the global Church as at the end of 2009: New Apostolic Church International (NAC) |url=http://www.nak.org/news/naci-news/article/16710/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626032545/http://www.nak.org/news/naci-news/article/16710/ |archive-date=26 June 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.nak.org}}</ref> Abantu nga 2.7% ku Bannazambia Basiraamu, abasinga obungi nga Basunni n’abalala abatonotono nga Abaismaili ne Twelver Shia.<ref name="2023RIRF">{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2023-report-on-international-religious-freedom/zambia/ |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=United States Department of State |language=en-US}}</ref> Abasiraamu abali mu Zambia, abalina okubalibwa okw’omulundi ogumu nga 100,000 okusinziira ku kuteebereza okumu okwakolebwa, bazingiramu abanoonyi b’obubudamu okuva e Congo ne [[Somalia]], awamu n’abagwiira okuva mu South Asia ne mu ddungu ly'ebuwalabu abafuuse Bannazambia.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> Abahindu, abasinga obungi nga ba South Asian ancestry, baali nga 10,000 okusinziira ku kuteebereza okumu okwakolebwa, mu 2019.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> Ku ntikko y'akyo mu myaka gya 1960, Abayudaaya abaali mu Zambia abaali bawerera ddala 10,000 ng'abasinga baali basibuka mu Lithuania, Latvia ne Bugirimaani,<ref>{{cite web |last=Tutton |first=Mark |date=19 January 2012 |title=The forgotten story of Zambia's Jewish settlers |url=https://www.cnn.com/2012/01/19/world/africa/zambia-jewish-history/index.html |access-date=17 February 2025 |work=CNN}}</ref>okuva mu 2012 baali batono ddala okusinga Abazambia Abayudaaya ng'abasinga ku bbo baali bawangalira mu Lusaka mu matwale g'Obukiikakkono. Mu Zambia mulimu abantu batono ab'enzikiriza ya Baha ne Buddhists saako ne Sikhs.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> '''Ennimi''' Omuwendo omutuufu ogw'ennimi za Zambia tegumanyiddwa, wadde ng'ebiwandiiko bingi bigamba nti Zambia erina ennimi 73 ez’enjawulo; omuwendo guno guyinza okuba nga guva ku butawulira njawulo wakati w’ennimi n’ebigambo ebikozesebwa eby'enjawulo, nga basinziira ku kuba nti abantu basobola okutegeeragana nga boogera ennimi ez’enjawulo. Okusinziira ku kino, omuwendo gw’ennimi za Zambia guyinza okuba nga guli wakati wa 20 oba 30.<ref name="Chanda, Vincent M., and, Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. 2013 1–173">{{Cite book |author1=Chanda, Vincent M. |year=2013 |title=Speak Zambian Languages: Phrase Book in Bemba, Kaonde, Lozi, Luvale, Lunda, Nyanja and Tonga, all in one |author2=Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson |publisher=UNZA Press |isbn=978-9982-03-073-1 |location=Lusaka, Zambia |pages=1–173}}</ref> Olulimi olutongole mu Zambia lwe Lungereza, olukozesebwa mu bizinensi entongole, eby'enjigiriza, n’amateeka.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" />Olulimi olusinga okwogerwa mu Zambia, naddala mu Lusaka, lwe Lunyaanja (Chewa), oluddako Bemba. Mu birombe bya koppa, Bemba lwe lulimi olusinga okwogerwa era oluddako Nyanja. Olunyaanja n’Olubemba bye byogerwa mu bitundu eby’omu bibuga, okugatta ku nnimi endala eza wano ezaatera okwogerwa mu Zambia. Zino mulimu Lozi, Tumbuka, Kaonde, Tonga, Lunda ne Luvale, ezaalagibwa ku Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation (ZNBC) mu kitundu ky’ennimi za wano.<ref name="BritannicaPeople2">{{Cite web |title=Zambia – People |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambia/People |access-date=1 October 2024 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Chanda, Vincent M., and, Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. 2013 1–1732">{{Cite book |author1=Chanda, Vincent M. |year=2013 |title=Speak Zambian Languages: Phrase Book in Bemba, Kaonde, Lozi, Luvale, Lunda, Nyanja and Tonga, all in one |author2=Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson |publisher=UNZA Press |isbn=978-9982-03-073-1 |location=Lusaka, Zambia |pages=1–173}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. |year=2015 |title=The State of Affairs of Cultural Literacy in Zambia's Multicultural Education System. In A. L. Jotia and J. Dudu (Ed.), Multicultural Education Discourses: Breaking Barriers of Exclusion in Selected African Contexts |publisher=Zebra publishing (Pty) LTD |isbn=978-99945-84-99-4 |location=Windhoek, Namibia |pages=190–204}}</ref> Abasinga obungi bajja kwogera Olubemba n'Olunyanja mu Copperbelt; Olunyanja lusinga kwogerwa mu Lusaka ne mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia. Oluzungu lukozesebwa mu mpuliziganya entongole era lwe lulimi olusinga okwogerwa mu maka mu bantu abava mu mawanga ag'enjawulo. Okumelukawo kuno mu nnimi ereetedde olulimi olwogerwa mu Lusaka ne mu bibuga ebirala ebikulu. Abasinga obungi mu Zambia batera okwogera ennimi ezisukka mu lumu: olulimi olutongole, Oluzungu, n'olulimi olusinga okwogerwa mu kibuga oba mu kitundu gye babeera. Olupotugo luyigirizibwa ng'olulimi olw'okubiri mu masomo g'essomero olw'okubeerawo kw'Abangereza aboogera Olupotugo abangi mu Zambia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Actualités Afrique - Economie, sport, santé, politique |url=http://www.afriquejet.com/news/africa-news/zambia-to-introduce-portuguese-into-school-curriculum-2009041825794.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121208151924/http://www.afriquejet.com/news/africa-news/zambia-to-introduce-portuguese-into-school-curriculum-2009041825794.html |archive-date=2012-12-08 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.afriquejet.com |language=fr-fr}}</ref> '''Eby'enjigiriza''' Eddembe okufuna obuyigirize obwenkanankana era obumala eri bonna kikuumibwa mu ssemateeka wa Zambia.<ref>{{cite web |date=1996 |title=Laws of Zambia |url=http://www.parliament.gov.zm/acts/volumes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307105357/http://www.parliament.gov.zm/acts/volumes |archive-date=7 March 2016 |access-date=27 January 2016 |website=National Assembly of Zambia}}</ref> Etteeka ly’Obuyigirize erya 2011 likugira obuyigirize obwenkanankana era obw’omutindo.<ref>{{cite web |date=2011 |title=The Education Act (2011) |url=http://www.parliament.gov.zm/node/3324 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203063439/http://www.parliament.gov.zm/node/3324 |archive-date=3 February 2016 |access-date=27 January 2016 |website=National Assembly of Zambia}}</ref> Omutindo gw’obuyivu bw’olulimi Olungereza nga bwe gwali mu 2018 guli ebitundu 86.7%. Ensaasaanya ya gavumenti eya buli mwaka ku by'enjigiriza ebadde ya njawulo nnyo. Nga bwe kiri ebitundu ku mbalirira ya gavumenti, kyali ebitundu 19.6% mu 2006, ebitundu 15.3% mu 2011, n'ebitundu 20.2% mu 2015.<ref name="WorldBank_2015">{{cite report|author=<!--none listed-->|date=December 2015|title=Education Public Expenditure Review in Zambia|url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/431421468000590726/pdf/103870-PUB-PUBLIC-Education-Public-Expenditure-Review-in-Zambia.pdf|publisher=World Bank Group|page=36|access-date=2024-01-16|archive-date=16 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116202228/https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/431421468000590726/pdf/103870-PUB-PUBLIC-Education-Public-Expenditure-Review-in-Zambia.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Okutuuka mu 2020, ensaasaanya ku by'enjigiriza yali ebitundu 3.7% ku GDP. '''Eby'obulamu''' Zambia eri mu kiseera ky’okubalukawo kw’ekirwadde kya mukenenya, ng’omuwendo gw’abantu abalina akawuka ka mukenenya mu ggwanga lyonna guli ebitundu 12.10 ku buli kikumi mu bantu abakulu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Country Comparisons—HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/hiv-aids-adult-prevalence-rate/country-comparison |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425032850/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/hiv-aids-adult-prevalence-rate/country-comparison/ |archive-date=25 April 2022 |access-date=19 June 2021 |work=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |location=Langley, Virginia}}</ref> Kyokka, eggwanga lino likoze enkyukakyuka mu myaka ekkumi egiyise: Omuwendo gw’abantu abalina akawuka ka mukenenya mu bantu abakulu abali wakati w’emyaka 15–49 gukendedde okutuuka ku bitundu 13 ku buli kikumi mu 2013/14, bw’ogeraageranya n’ebitundu 16 ku buli kikumi emyaka nga kkumi emabega.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Children in Zambia |url=https://www.unicef.org/zambia/children-zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626221920/https://www.unicef.org/zambia/children-zambia |archive-date=26 June 2020 |access-date=27 May 2020 |publisher=UNICEF |language=en}}</ref> Ebiva mu bujjanjabi ebirala nabyo enkyukayuka ez'akolebwa, newankubadde nga bikyali bibi nnyo okusinzila ku mutindo gw’ensi yonna. Omuwendo gw’abantu abafa nga bazaala guli 135 ku buli kikumi mu 2020 nga bagerageranya n’abantu 169 mu 2014 ne 296 mu 2007;<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://genderdata.worldbank.org/en/economies/zambia#featured-indicators |access-date=2025-03-09 |website=World Bank Gender Data Portal |language=en}}</ref> mu myaka egyo emabega, omuwendo gw’abantu abafa nga bazaala guli 59.3 ku buli kikumi mu 2020 nga bagerageranya n’abantu 69.2 ne 93.3 mu 2014 ne 2007.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) |url=https://genderdata.worldbank.org/en/indicator/sh-dyn-mort?view=trend&gender=total&geos=ZMB |access-date=2025-03-09 |website=www.worldbank.org}}</ref> == Eby'enfuna == Mu 2022, Zambia ezitowa wakati w'obuwumbi bwa doolo 7.5 n'ebuwumbi 8 obuva mu by'obusuubuzi ebitundibwa w'abweru w'eggwanga buli mwaka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=International Trade Administration |date=2024-06-06 |title=Zambia - Market Overview |url=https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/zambia-market-overview |access-date=2024-06-23 |website=www.trade.gov |language=en}}</ref> Byonna awamu byali bibalirirwamu billiyooni doola 9.1 obuwumbi obw’ebintu ebifulumizibwa ebweru w'eggwanga mu 2018<ref>{{cite web |last1=Workman |first1=Daniel |title=Zambia's Top 10 Exports |url=http://www.worldstopexports.com/zambias-top-10-exports/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426214352/https://www.worldstopexports.com/zambias-top-10-exports/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=10 February 2020 |website=World's Top Exports}}</ref>M u 2015, abantu nga 54.4% baali babeera wansi w’oekigerogkyobwavu mu ggwanga, nga guno gwalongooka okuva ku 60.5% mu 2010.[3] Obwavu mu byalo bwali ku bitundu 76.6% ate mu bibuga bwali ku bitundu 23.4%.[3] Omutindo gw’obwavu mu ggwanga gwali ZMK 214 (US$12.85) buli mwezi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Poverty & Equity Brief: Zambia |url=https://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/poverty/33EF03BB-9722-4AE2-ABC7-AA2972D68AFE/Global_POVEQ_ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240207110244/https://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/poverty/33EF03BB-9722-4AE2-ABC7-AA2972D68AFE/Global_POVEQ_ZMB.pdf |archive-date=7 February 2024 |access-date=30 Dec 2021}}</ref> Okusinziira okwakasembayo mu 2018 okwakolebwa United Nations Development Programme, abantu 47.9% beeyongera okukosebwa obwavu obwengerera ddala.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 August 2022 |title=Zambia - Agriculture |url=https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/zambia-agriculture |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131162056/https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/zambia-agriculture |archive-date=31 January 2024 |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=International Trade Administration |language=en}}</ref> Zambia yali ku kifo kya 112 mu Index y’Ensi Yonna ey’Obuyiiya mu 2025.[1][2] Ebipimo by’abantu byeyongera okukka, naddala mu bipimo by’obulamu obusuubirwa ku kuzaalibwa (nga 40.9 emyaka) ne mu kufa kw’abakyala abali embuto (830 ku buli 100,000 abali embuto) mu 2007.[3] Mu 2023, obulamu obusuubirwa ku kuzaalibwa bwali bweyongeddeko okutuuka ku myaka nga 62.[4] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] t3f8hstozmhiipdagros973du0ofv0u 59376 59374 2026-07-06T17:32:33Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 59376 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Amawanga ga Luba-Lunda oluvannyuma gaakendeera olw'okutunda abaddu mu Atlantic mu Bugwanjuba ne mu Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba ne mu ntalo n'ebibinja ebyali byawuddwa ku bwakabaka. Aba Chokwe, ekibinja ekirina oluganda olw'okumpi ne Luvale era ne kitondebwawo ng'eggwanga lya Lunda satellite, mu kusooka gaakosebwa olw'obwetaavu bwabaddu eri Abazungu, naye bwe baawukana ku bwakabaka, bo bennyini baafuuka batunzi ba baddu abamanyiddwa ennyo, nga batunda abaddu ku mbalama zombi. Abachokwe oluvannyuma baawangulwa amawanga amalala n'Abaportugali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azuonye |first=Chukwuma |date=15 December 1996 |title=Chokwe: (Angola, Zambia) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ejao3vG6nfsC&pg=PA11 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-1990-1 |language=en}}</ref> Obutali butebenkevu buno bwaviirako okugwa kw'obwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'abantu okusaasaanira mu bitundu bya Zambia eby'enjawulo okuva mu Democratic Republic of the Congo. Abazambia abasinga obungi balina obuzaale mu bwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'obwakabaka obulala obuli mu Masekkati ga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1200, ng’eggwanga lya Luba-Lunda terinnatandikibwawo, ekibinja ky’aba Bantu baatandika okusenguka okuva mu Congo Basin okudda ku Nnyanja Mweru ate oluvannyuma ne basenga okumpi n’ennyanja Malawi. Abasenze bano balowoozebwa okuba nga baali abamu ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky’e Upemba mu Democratic Republic of Congo. Mu myaka gya 1400, ebibinja by’abasenze bano awamu baayitibwanga Maravi, era nga mu bo mwalimu Abachewa abaatandika okukoppa ebibinja by’aba Bantu nga Tumbuka.<ref name="Team">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 1480 Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwatandikibwawo kalonga (omukulu w'obwakabaka bwa Maravi) okuva mu kika kya Phiri, kimu ku bika ebikulu, ng'ebirala mulimu Banda, Mwale ne Nkhoma. Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwali buva ku Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Enkulaakulana y'ebyobufuzi ey'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi yali efaanana ey'Obwakabaka bwa Luba era kigambibwa nti bwavaayo. Ekyamaguzi ekikulu eky'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi kyali amasanga, agaatundibwanga okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Ekyuma nakyo kyakolebwanga era ne kitundibwa mu nsi endala. Mu myaka gya 1590, Abapotigo baagezaako okweddiza eby'obusuubuzi n’okutunda Maravi mu nsi endala. Okugezaako kuno kwaleetawo obusungu mu Maravi ab’e Lundu, abaasumulula eggye lyabwe erya WaZimba. WaZimba baalumba ebibuga by’Abapotigo eby’obusuubuzi nga Tete, Sena n’ebibuga ebirala bingi.<ref name="thinkafrica.net">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Abamaravi nabo bateeberezebwa okuba nga baaleeta obulombolombo obwandifuuse ekibiina kya Nyau eky'ekyama okuva e Upemba. Aba Nyau be bakola ku nzikiriza oba eddiini y'obuwangwa ey'abantu b'omu Maravi. Ekibiina kya Nyau kirimu okuzina okw'obulombolombo n'obukookolo obukozesebwa mu kuzina; enzikiriza eno yasaasaana okwetooloola ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maptia |title=The Secret Cult of Nyau Dancers |url=https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108130415/https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-date=8 November 2020 |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=Maptia |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwakendeera olw'enkaayana ezikwata ku busika mu mukago, okulumbibwa Ngoni n'okulumba abaddu okuva mu Yao.<ref name="thinkafrica.net2">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa ne Mfecane''' Ng'Obwakabaka bwa Great Zimbabwe bwali bukendedde, omu ku balangira baabwo, Nyatsimba Mutota, yava mu ggwanga n'atandikawo obwakabaka obupya obuyitibwa Mutapa. Ekitiibwa kya Mwene Mutapa, ekitegeeza "Omulumbaganyi w'Ensi", kyamuweebwa era n'abafuzi abaddirira.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mwene Matapa {{!}} historical dynastic title, southern Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520141810/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |archive-date=20 May 2023 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwafuganga ekitundu ekiri wakati w’Omugga Zambezi n’Omugga Limpopo, mu kitundu ekiriwo kati ekiyitibwa Zambia, Zimbabwe ne Mozambique, okuva mu kyasa ekya 14 okutuusa mu kyasa ekya 17. Mu ntikko yaabwo, Mutapa yali awambye ekitundu kya Dande eky’Omugga Tonga ne Tavara. Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwasinganga kwetaba mu by’obusuubuzi okusomoka Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okutuuka mu mawanga ag’omu Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Okufaananako abantu abaaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu mu Maravi, Mutapa yalina obuzibu n’abasuubuzi Abapotigo abaali bazze. Obutategeeragana buno we bwatuukira ku ntikko, Abapotigo baali bagezezzaako okukyusa mu nsonga z’omunda mu bwakabaka nga batandikawo obutale mu bwakabaka era nga bakyusa abantu okubayingiza Obukristaayo. Ekikolwa kino kyaleetawo obusungu mu Basiraamu AbaSwahili abaali babeera mu kibuga ekikulu, akavuyo kano kaawa Abapotigo ensonga gye baali banoonya okulumba obwakabaka era bagezeeko okufuga ebirombe by'abwo ebya zaabu n'enguudo awayitira amasanga. Obulumbaganyi buno bwagwa butaka Abapotigo bwe baalumbibwa endwadde nga bayita ku mugga Zambezi.<ref name="Mutapa">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1600 enkaayana ez'omunda n'olutalo lw'omunda byatandika okukendeera kwa Mutapa. Obwakabaka obwali bunafuye bwawangulwa Abapotigo era oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera bwatwalibwa amawanga ga Shona bwe baali bawalangana.<ref name="Mutapa2">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Abapotigo nabo baalina ettaka ddene, eryali limanyiddwa nga Prazos, era baakozesanga abaddu n'abaali abaddu ng'abakuumi n'abayizzi. Baatendekanga abasajja mu bukodyo bw'amagye era ne babawa emmundu. Abasajja bano baafuuka abayizzi b'enjovu abakugu era baali bamanyiddwa nga ba Chikunda. Oluvannyuma lw'okukendeera kw'Abapotigo, Chikunda baasobola okwesolossa munda mu Zambia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2019 |title=Chikunda |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227184451/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |archive-date=27 February 2021 |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Portugal okubeera mu kitundu ekyo kyali nsonga lwaki obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwatandikibwawo, eggwanga eryali lyetongodde ku Mutapa. Omukulembeze w'obwakabaka bwa Rozvi, Changamire Dombo, yafuuka omu ku bakulembeze abasingayo amaanyi mu byafaayo bya South-Central Africa. Wansi w'obukulembeze bwe, obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwawangula Abapotigo ne babaggya mu bifo mwe baali bakolera bizineesi ku mugga Zambezi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rozwi {{!}} historical state, Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125203243/https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |archive-date=25 January 2021 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Naye oboolyawo ekyokulabirako ekisinga okumanyibwa mu kino okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti kwe kweyongera kw’Abazulu wansi w’obukulembeze bwa Shaka. Okupikirizibwa okuva eri Abangereza abafuzi b’amatwale mu Cape ne okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti mu Bazulu kyavaako Mfecane (okunyigirizibwa). Abazulu beeyongera nga bayingiza abakazi n’abaana b’ebika bye baawangula, singa abasajja b’ebika bino ebya Nguni baawona okuttibwa, baakozesa obukodyo bw’amagye obw’Abazulu okulumba ebibinja ebirala.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Kino kyaviirako abantu bangi okusenguka, entalo n'obulumbaganyi mu Bukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati ne mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika nga ab'ekika kya Nguni oba Ngoni nga bakulembeddwamu Zwagendaba baasomoka omugga Zambezi nga batambulira mu Bukiikakkono. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni be baakuba ekibuga Maravi Empire ekyali kinafuye. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni abasinga obungi baasenga mu kitundu ekyali Zambia, [[Malawi]], [[Mozambique]] ne [[Tanzania]] era ne beegatta ku bika ebyali mu kitundu ekyo.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history2">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Zambia, ekibinja ekirala eky’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Afirika eky’Abasotho-Tswana abava mu Luba ne Lunda ezaagwa edda abayitibwa Abaluyana baawamba Kololo ne bamussaako olulimi Olukololo okutuusa Abaluyana lwe beekalakaasa ne baggyako Kololo mu kiseera kino olulimi Olukololo lwali lwerabiddwa era olulimi olupya olugattiddwa lwe lwavaamu, SiLozi era Abaluyana baatandika okweyita Abalozi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lozi {{!}} people |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528092724/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |archive-date=28 May 2023 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kya 18, Abamu ku Mbunda baasengukira mu Barotseland, Mongu oluvannyuma lw'okusenguka kw'abantu abalala, nga muno mwe muli, Ciyengele.<ref>'' The elites of Barotseland, 1878–1969: a political history of Zambia's Western Province'': a. Gerald L. Caplan, C. Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd, 1970, {{ISBN|0-900966-38-6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=maniacky |first=jacky |title=bantu zone K |url=http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140411045127/http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-date=2014-04-11 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.bantu-languages.com}}</ref> '''Ekiseera ky'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' '''Abazungu''' Omu ku Bulaaya abaasooka okuwandiikibwa nga baakyalako mu kitundu kino yali omuvumbuzi Omupotigo Francisco de Lacerda ku nkomerero y'ekyasa ekya 18. Lacerda yakulemberamu ekibinja ky'abavumbuzi okuva e Mozambique okutuuka mu kitundu ky'e Kazembe mu Zambia (nga balina ekiruubirirwa eky'okuvumbula n'okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa okuva ku lubalama lw'ennyanja okutuuka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja omulundi ogusooka),<ref>{{cite web |year=1798 |title=Instructions and Travel Diary that Governor Francisco Joze de Lacerda e Almeida Wrote about His Travel to the Center of Africa, Going to the River of Sena, in the Year of 1798 |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905135844/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |archive-date=5 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Library of Congress}}</ref> era n'afa mu kiseera ky'olugendo mu 1798. Olugendo luno okuva olwo lwakulemberwamu mukwano gwe Francisco Pinto.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hartnett |first=Craig |title=Portuguese Expedition to Northern Rhodesia, 1798–99 |url=http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924023553/http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Great North Road (GNR, Northern Rhodesia, Zambia) |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ekitundu kino, ekisangibwa wakati wa Mozambique ne [[Angola]], kyali kigambibwa nti kyali kya Bupotugo mu kiseera ekyo. Abalala abava mu Bulaaya baagoberera mu kyasa 19. Eyasinga okumanyika mu bano yali David Livingstone, eyalina okwolesebwa okw'okukomya okusuubula abaddu ng'ayita mu "3Cs": Obukristaayo, Ebyobusuubuzi, n'Obuwangwa. Ye Muzungu eyasooka okulaba ebisulo by'amazzi ebyewuunyisa ku Mugga Zambezi mu 1855, n'abyogerako bw'ati: "Ebifo ebirabika obulungi bityo biteekwa okuba nga byatunuulirwa bamalayika mu kudduka kwabwe".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Livingstone Discovers Victoria Falls, 1855 |url=http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522092057/http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |archive-date=22 May 2020 |access-date=28 May 2020 |website=EyeWitness to History}}</ref> Mu kitundu kino ebiyiriro bimanyiddwa nga "Mosi-o-Tunya" oba "omukka ogubwatuka" mu lulimi Lozi oba Kololo. Ekibuga Livingstone, okumpi n'ebiyiriro, kiyitibwa erinnya lye. Emboozi ezikwata ku ŋŋendo ze zaali zimanyiddwa nnyo ne kiviirako abagenyi bangi okuva mu Bulaaya, abaminsani, n'abasuubuzi oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwe mu 1873.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627015544/https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-date=27 June 2020 |website=The Provincial Administration Website}}</ref> '''Kampuni ya British South Africa Company''' Mu 1888, kampuni ya British South Africa Company (BSA Company), eyakulemberwa Cecil Rhodes, yafuna olukusa okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka okuva ku Litunga ow'abantu ba Lozi, omukulu w'essaza ly'abantu ba Lozi (Ba-rotse) mu kitundu ekyafuuka Barotziland-North-Western Rhodesia.<ref name="livingstone">{{cite web |author=Livingstone Tourism Association |title=Destination:Zambia&nbsp;– History and Culture |url=http://www.livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012153527/http://livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> Ebuvanjuba, mu Gwekkumineebiri 1897 ekibinja ky’Abangoni oba Abangoni (abaasibuka mu Zululand) beekalakaasa nga bakulemberwa Tsinco, mutabani wa Kabaka Mpezeni, naye obujeemu bwakomezebwawo,<ref name="unam">{{cite web |author1=Human Rights |author2=Documentation Centre |name-list-style=amp |title=Zambia: Historical Background |url=http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311093653/http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-date=11 March 2007 |access-date=14 January 2011}}</ref> era Mpezeni n’akkiriza Pax Britannica. Ekitundu ky’eggwanga ekyo kyatandika okumanyibwa nga Rhodesia ey'omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba. Mu 1895, Rhodes yasaba omusikawutu wa Omumerika Frederick Russell Burnham okunoonya eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka n’engeri y’okulongoosaamu entambula y’emigga mu kitundu ekyo, era mu lugendo luno mwe mwazuulibwa Frederick Russell Burnham eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka bingi ku mugga Kafue.<ref name="burnham1899">{{cite book |last=Burnham |first=Frederick Russell |author-link=Frederick Russell Burnham |year=1899 |title=Bulawayo Up-to-date; Being a General Sketch of Rhodesia |title-link=s:Northern Rhodesia |publisher=Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co. |editor-last=Wills |editor-first=Walter H. |pages=177–180 |chapter=Northern Rhodesia}}</ref> '''Obufuzi bw'amatwale ga Bungereza''' Mu 1953, okutondebwawo kwa Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland z'agatta wamu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono ne Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo, ne Nyasaland (kati Malawi) ng’ekitundu kimu ekyetongodde. Kino kyakolebwa wadde nga waaliwo okuwakanyizibwa okuva mu bantu abatono, abaakola okwekalakaasa okwaliwo mu 1960–61.<ref name="infoplease">{{cite web |author=Pearson Education |title=Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Federation of |url=http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012231959/http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> '''Obwetwaaze''' Omukago gwasaanyizibwawo nga 31 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, era mu Gwoluberyeberye 1964, Kaunda yawangula akalulu k'Obwaminisita bwa Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono. Gavana w'amatwale, Sir Evelyn Hone, yali mukwano nnyo gwa Kaunda era yamukubiriza okwesimbawo ku kifo ekyo. Mangu ddala oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, waaliwo okwekalakaasa mu Bukiikakkono bw'eggwanga eryo eryali limanyiddwa nga Lumpa Uprising nga lyali liduumirwa Alice Lenshina – Kaunda's first internal conflict as leader of the nation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2020 |title=Alice Lenshina |url=https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228081501/https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |archive-date=28 February 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=The British Empire}}</ref> Rhodesia yafuuka Republic of Zambia nga 24 Ogwekkumi 1964, nga Kenneth Kaunda ye pulezidenti eyasooka. Ku kufuna obwetwaze, wadde nga yalina ebyobugagga eby'omu ttaka ebingi, Zambia yasanga okusoomoozebwa okw'amaanyi. Munda mu ggwanga, waaliwo Abazambia abatendeke era abayivu abasukka mu 70,000 abaali basobola okuddukanya gavumenti, era ebyenfuna byali byesigamye nnyo ku bakugu okuva mu mawanga amalala. Obukugu buno bwaweebwa mu ngeri emu oba endala omubaka wa Bungereza mu Zambia John Willson.<ref>[http://www.chu.cam.ac.uk/archives/collections/BDOHP/Willson.pdf WILLSON, John Michael (born 15 July 1931)]{{Dead link|date=June 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}. BDOHP Biographical Details and Interview Index. chu.cam.ac.uk</ref> Waaliwo Abazungu abasukka mu 70,000 ababeera mu Zambia mu 1964, era baasigala nga ba mugaso nnyo mu byenfuna.<ref name="Zambia">{{Cite news|date=1964-10-25|title=1964: President Kaunda takes power in Zambia|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605125604/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-date=5 June 2013|access-date=2025-09-13|url-status=live|language=en-GB}}</ref> Kaunda okuwagira abayeekera ba Patriotic Front abaali bakola obulumbaganyi mu mawanga ag'omuliraano (Bukiikaddyo) Rhodesia kyaleetawo obunkenke mu by'obufuzi era ne kireetawo okukozesa amagye ku nsalo, era kino kyaviirako ensalo okuggalwa mu 1973.<ref name="blackfire">{{cite book |last=Raeburn |first=Michael |year=1978 |title=We are everywhere: Narratives from Rhodesian guerillas |url=https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-0-394-50530-5 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 1–209]}}</ref>Ebbibiro ly'amasannyalaze erya Kariba ku mugga Zambezi lyawa amasannyalaze agamala okukola ku byetaago by'eggwanga eby'amasannyalaze, wadde nga Rhodesia ye yali ekola ku by'amasannyalaze. Nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1978, ennyonyi ey'abantu ba bulijjo, Air Rhodesia Flight 825, yakubibwa amasasi okumpi ne Kariba abayeekera ba Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) abaakulemberwa Joshua Nkomo. Rhodesia yaddamu n'ekikwekweto kya Gatling, okulumba enkambi endala mu Zambia nga bakozesa amaanyi g'ennyonyi n'abajaasi abakugu mu kubuuka mu bbanga n'abajaasi abakugu mu kukozesa ennyonyi.<ref>{{cite web |title=GREEN LEADER. OPERATION GATLING, THE RHODESIAN MILITARY'S RESPONSE TO THE VISCOUNT TRAGEDY |url=http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125155440/http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-date=25 January 2017 |access-date=22 April 2017}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1970, Mozambique ne Angola zaali zifunye obwetwaze okuva ku Portugal. Gavumenti ya Rhodesia eyali esingamu abazungu, eyafulumya Ekirangiriro ky’Obwetwaze mu 1965, yakkiriza obufuzi obw’abantu abangi wansi w’Endagaano ya Lancaster House mu 1979.<ref name="zimstudy">{{cite book |last=Nelson |first=Harold |year=1983 |title=Zimbabwe: A Country Study |publisher=Claitors Publishing Division |isbn=978-0-16-001598-4 |pages=54–137}}</ref> Obukuubagano mu bitundu byombi ebyali bifugibwa Abapotigo n'olutalo lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwa [[Namibia]] byaviirako okuyingira kw'abanoonyi b'obubudamuera ne kyongera ku buzibu bw'ebyentambula. Oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Benguela, olwayita mu [[Angola]], lwaggalwawo ddala eri ebyentambula bya Zambia mu myaka gya 1970 egyali gisembayo. Zambia okuwagira ebibiina ebirwanyisa obusosoze mu mawanga nga African National Congress (ANC) era kyaleetawo obuzibu bw'ebyokwerinda ng'amagye ga South Africa Defence Force galumba ebifo ebitali bimu mu lutalo lw'okulwanyisa obwetwaze bwa Namibia.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Evans, M. |year=1984 |title=The Front-Line States, South Africa and Southern African Security: Military Prospects and Perspectives |url=http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/Journal%20of%20the%20University%20of%20Zimbabwe/vol12n1/juz012001002.pdf |journal=Zambezia |volume=12 |page=1}}</ref> '''Ebizibu by'ebyenfuna''' Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1970, omuwendo gwa kkopa, ekyamaguzi ekikulu ekiva mu Zambia, gwasereba nnyo mu nsi yonna. Mu mbeera ya Zambia, obungi bw'okutambuza kkopa eŋŋendo empanvu okutuuka mu katale kyali kizibu kinene. Zambia yasaba obuyambi okuva mu mawanga ag'ebweru n'ag'ensi yonna, naye, nga bbeeyi ya kkopa esigadde nga yasereba, kyeyongera okubeera ekizibu okusasula amabanja gaayo agaali geeyongera. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1990, wadde nga tewaaliwo kusonyiyibwa mabanja, ebbeyi ya kkopa eyali eva mu Zambia yali emu ku bintu ebyali bisinga okuba eby'ebbeeyi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia (12/08) |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625080205/https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |archive-date=25 June 2020 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> '''Okukola ku nsonga z'abantu''' Mu Gwomukaaga 1990, obwegugungo obwali buwakanya Kaunda bwatandika era abeekalakaasi bangi battibwa gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2020 |title=About Zambia |url=http://www.psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509233410/http://psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-date=9 May 2016 |access-date=20 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bartlett |first=David M. C. |date=2000 |title=Civil Society and Democracy: A Zambian Case Study |journal=Journal of Southern African Studies |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=429–446 |doi=10.1080/030570700750019655 |issn=0305-7070 |jstor=2637411 |s2cid=143480603}}</ref>Mu 1990, Kaunda yawona okulumbibwa amagye, era mu 1991, yakkiriza okuzzaawo enfuga ey'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, oluvannyuma lw'okussaawo enfuga ey'ekibiina ekimu wansi w'akakiiko ka Choma aka 1972. Oluvannyuma lw'okulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, Kaunda yaggyibwa mu woofiisi oluvannyuma lw'okuwangulwa mu kulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi Frederick Chiluba. Mu myaka gya 2000, ebyenfuna byanywerera, ne bituuka ku kweyongera kw'ebbeeyi y'ebintu mu 2006–2007, okweyongera kw'ebyenfuna, okukendeera kw'amagoba, n'okweyongera kw'omutindo gw'ebyobusuubuzi. Bingi ku kukulaakulana kuno kuvudde ku kusiga ensimbi okuva ebweru mu by'okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka n'okweyongera kw'emiwendo gy'ekikomo mu nsi yonna. Bino byonna byaleetera Zambia okusikirizibwa ennyo abagabi b'obuyambi era ne kireetera abasiga nsimbi okwongera okwesiga eggwanga lino. == Ebyobufuzi == Ebyobufuzi mu Zambia bitambulira mu nkola ey'omukulembeze w'eggwanga omukiise mu demokulasiya ow'eggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo, omukulembeze wa Zambia y'akulira eggwanga era akulira gavumenti mu ggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo. Gavumenti ekozesa obuyinza obw'okuteeka mu nkola, ate obuyinza obw'okukola amateeka buweebwa gavumenti ne paalamenti. Zambia yafuuka repubuliki oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu Gwekkumi 1964. Okuva mu 2011 okutuuka mu 2014, pulezidenti wa Zambia yali Michael Sata, okutuusa Sata lwe yafa nga 28 Ogwekkumi 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zambian President Michael Sata dies in London - BBC News|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705073526/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-date=2017-07-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=BBC News|language=en-GB}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Sata, omumyuka wa pulezidenti Guy Scott, Omuzambia ow'ensibuko y'Abasikawutu, yafuuka omukungu akola nga pulezidenti. Okulonda kwa pulezidenti kwaliwo nga 22 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015. Omugatte gw’abantu 11 abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti be beesimbawo mu kulonda era nga 24 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015, kyalangirirwa nti Edgar Chagwa Lungu yali awangudde okulonda okufuuka pulezidenti ow’omukaaga. Yawangula ebitundu 48.33% eby’obululu, ng’obululu 1.66% bwali bumusinga ku munnabyabufuzi akyasinze okuvuganya gavumenti, Hakainde Hichilema, eyafuna ebitundu 46.67%.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Defence Minister Lungu wins Zambia's disputed presidential race|url=http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305065726/http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-date=2016-03-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=Yahoo News|language=en-US}}</ref>Abantu abalala mwenda abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti baafuna obululu obutaweza na bitundu 1% ku bululu bwonna. Mu kulonda pkwaliwo mu Gwomunaana 2016 Zambian general election pulezidenti Edgar Lungu yawangula okulonda okw’omulundi ogw’okubiri. Omukago ogutaba ebibiina by’ebyobufuzi ogwa Patriotic Front (PF) gwagaana ebyali byogerwa ab’oludda oluvuganya gavumenti, UPND party.<ref name="bbc-15aug2016">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|title=Zambia's President Edgar Lungu declared election winner|work=BBC News|date=15 August 2016|access-date=17 May 2021|archive-date=26 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026223033/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021, okwalimu abalonzi 70% ku abo abaali basuubirwa, Hakainde Hichilema yawangula ebitundu 59% eby’obululu, ng’omuvuganya we eyali asingayo okuba ow’amaanyi, Edgar Chagwa Lungu, eyali pulezidenti mu kiseera ekyo, yafuna ebitundu 39% eby’obululu.<ref name="zm-elec-39">{{Cite news|url=https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm|title=Presidential Election Results|work=Electoral Commission of Zambia|date=16 August 2021|access-date=27 December 2021|archive-date=2 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102194510/https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm/}}</ref> Nga 16 Ogwomunaana Edgar Lungu yakkiriza mu kiwandiiko kye yafulumya ku ttivi, ng’aweereza ebbaluwa era ng’ayozayoza pulezidenti omulonde Hakainde Hichilema.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-08-16|title=Zambia election: Hakainde Hichilema beats President Edgar Lungu|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|access-date=2021-08-16|archive-date=24 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824152003/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|last=Kabwe|first=Zitto|author-link=Zitto Kabwe|user=zittokabwe|number=1426967254986629126|date=15 August 2021|title=#Zambia President @EdgarCLungu has conceded in a letter sent to now president elect @HHichilema of @UPNDZM. Once again Zambia has shown the world the level of its democratic maturity. Peaceful transfer of power is happening for third time in history. Congratulations Zambians|language=en|access-date=30 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827180204/https://twitter.com/zittokabwe/status/1426967254986629126|archive-date=27 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomunaana 2021, Hakainde Hichilema yalayizibwa nga pulezidenti wa Zambia omuggya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2021 |title=Zambia's Hakainde Hichilema sworn in as President in rare victory for an African opposition leader |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116213703/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |archive-date=16 November 2021 |access-date=16 November 2021}}</ref> '''Amaggye''' Mu 2019, Zambia yassa omukono ku ndagaano ya UN ekwata ku Kuziyiza eby'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa ebya Nukiriya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2017 |title=Chapter XXVI: Disarmament&nbsp;– No. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806220546/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |archive-date=6 August 2019 |access-date=18 October 2019 |publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection}}</ref> '''Amateeka n'eddembe ly'obuntu''' Gavumenti evunaanye abavumirira nga bakozesa ebigambo by'amateeka nti baali bawabya abantu. Amateeka agakwata ku kuwandiika ebintu ebikyamu gakozesebwa okukugira eddembe ly'okwogera ne bannamawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2015 |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225030706/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-date=2021-02-25 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=2009-2017.state.gov}}</ref> Ebikolwa eby'okweganza wakati w'abantu ab'ekikula ekimu kimenya mateeka eri abasajja n'abakazi mu Zambia.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 May 2016 |title=State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition |url=http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902183618/http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |archive-date=2 September 2017 |access-date=29 July 2017 |website=[[International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Daniel|last=Avery|title=71 Countries Where Homosexuality is Illegal|url=https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|work=Newsweek|date=4 April 2019|access-date=18 August 2019|archive-date=11 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211204842/https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|url-status=live}}</ref> Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu 2010 kwalaga nti ebitundu 2% ebya Bannansi ba Zambia bakitwala nti okulya ebisiyaga tekirina buzibu bwonna ku mpisa.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Meyer |first1=Birgit |date=2021 |title=What Is Religion in Africa? Relational Dynamics in an Entangled World |journal=Journal of Religion in Africa |publisher=Brill |volume=50 |issue=1–2 |pages=156–181 |doi=10.1163/15700666-12340184 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2019, kyategeezebwa nti Omubaka wa Amerika mu Zambia Daniel Lewis Foote "yakwatibwa ensisi" olw'engeri Zambia gy'ekuumamu abalyi b'ebisiyaga mu makomera. Oluvannyuma lw'okujulira ne kulema era nga n'abafumbo bano Japhet Chataba ne Steven Samba baasalirwa ekibonerezo kya kusibibwa emyaka 15 mu makomera, Foote yasaba gavumenti ya Zambia okuddamu okwekenneenya omusango guno n'amateeka ga Zambia agalwanyisa ebisiyaga. Foote yafuna obuzibu era n'asazaamu okujja mu bantu oluvannyuma lw'okutiisibwatiisibwa ku mikutu gya yintaneeti, era oluvannyuma lw'okulangirirwa Lungu nti y'omuntu ataagalwa mu ggwanga eryo.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 December 2019 |title=US recalls ambassador to Zambia after gay rights row |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231195603/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |archive-date=31 December 2019 |access-date=12 January 2020 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 2026, gavumenti ya Zambia yavumirirwa olw'okwongezaayo olukiiko olw'amaanyi olw'ensi yonna olw'eddembe ly'obuntu, RightsCon, ennaku musanvu zokka nga tezinnatuuka okubeerawo mu Lusaka. Olukiiko olwo oluvannyuma lwasazibwamu oluvannyuma lw'okumanya nti gavumenti ya Zambia yali esaba, kirabika nga kya kusaba kw'abakungu ba China, okulungamya n'okuggyako aboogezi okuva e Taiwan. Abakugu baayogedde ku kweraliikirira olw'okulondoola n'okweyongera kw'obulabe eri ebitongole by'obwanakyewa.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gault ·|first1=Matthew|title=World's Largest Digital Human Rights Conference Suddenly Canceled|url=https://www.404media.co/rightscon-human-rights-conference-suddenly-postponed/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=404 Media|date=29 April 2026|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Elliott|first1=Vittoria|title=The Chinese Government Just Got the World's Largest Digital Rights Conference Canceled|url=https://www.wired.com/story/the-chinese-government-pressured-zambia-to-cancel-the-worlds-largest-digital-rights-conference/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Wired|date=1 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hendrix|first1=Justin|title=RightsCon Canceled After Zambia Requires 'Full Alignment' With 'National Values'|url=https://www.techpolicy.press/rightscon-canceled-after-zambia-requires-full-alignment-with-national-values/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Tech Policy Press|date=30 April 2026|language=en}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo by'abantu''' Okusinziira ku kubala abantu okwa 2022 mu Zambia, omuwendo gw'abantu mu Zambia gwali 19,610,769.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia's Population up to 19,610,769 in 2022 from 13,092,666 in 2010 – Zambia Statistics Agency |url=https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305022051/https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |archive-date=5 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ebibinja by'abantu ebisinga obunene mu Zambia beebo abayitibwa Bemba obukadde 3.3 (33.6%), Nyanja obukadde 1.8 (18.2%), Tonga obukadde 1.7 (16.8%), Abantu ab’omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba 1,000,000 (10.3%), Abalozii (Barotse) 770,000 (7.8%), Abamabwe 580,000 (5.9%), Abatumbuka 500,000 (5.1%), Abalamba 165,000 (2%), Abayindi 11,900 n’Abazungu 6,200.<ref>{{cite journal |date=2 November 2023 |title=Zambia |url=https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909114747/https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |archive-date=9 September 2023 |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=minorityrights.org}}</ref> Zambia y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubeeramu abantu mu bibuga mu Afirika eri wansi wa Sahara, ng'ebitundu 44% eby'abantu babeera mu bitundu ebisinga okubeeramu entambula, so ng'ate ebyalo birimu abantu batono nnyo. Omuwendo gw'abaana abazaalibwa gwali 6.2 mu 2007 (6.1 mu 1996, 5.9 mu 2001–02).<ref>{{cite web |title=Welcome to the Official site of Zambian Statistics |url=http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113144454/http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-date=13 November 2014 |access-date=11 April 2014 |publisher=Zamstats.gov.zm}}</ref> '''Ebibuga ebisinga obunene''' Okutandika kw'okuyiikuula ekikomo mu makolero ku Copperbelt mu myaka gya 1920 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga. Wadde ng'okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga kwali kuteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, kyali kinene nnyo.[1] Ebibuga ebikolebwamu eby'obugagga ku Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali eteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, yali nnene nnyo.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Potts |first=Deborah |date=2005 |title=Counter-urbanisation on the Zambian Copperbelt? Interpretations and implications |journal=Urban Studies |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=583–609 |bibcode=2005UrbSt..42..583P |doi=10.1080/00420980500060137 |s2cid=154412136}}</ref> Ebibuga ebirimu ebirombe bya Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali y'etoloolera ku gaali z'omukka n'enguudo okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwe bironbe bya kkoppa okuyita mu Kapiri Mposhi, Lusaka, Choma ne Livingstone. '''Ebibinja by'abantu''' Zambia elimu ebika nga 73,<ref name="BritannicaPeople">{{Cite web |title=Zambia – People |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambia/People |access-date=1 October 2024 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref><ref name="epr">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> wadde mu nkola waliwo ebibinja ebitono ebirabika obulungi.[2] Abazambia abasinga boogera Olubantu.<ref name="epr2">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ebibinja ebisinga obunene mu lulimi bye Bemba, Nyanja (era ekiyitibwa Chewa), ne Tonga; ebibinja ebirala ebitali binene nnyo bye Kaonde, Lozi, Luanda, ne Luvale.[2]<ref name="epr" /> Mu 2010, omuwendo gw'abantu gwateeberezebwa okuba ebitundu 21% Bemba, ebitundu 13.6% Tonga, ebitundu 7.4% Chewa, ebitundu 5.7% Lozi, ebitundu 5.3% Nsenga, ebitundu 4.4% Tumbuka, ebitundu 4.0% Ngoni, ne 38.6% abalala.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Bemba kye kisinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkono, Luapula, ne Copperbelt; ekibinja kya Tonga mu bitundu by'Obukiikaddyo, n'eby'Obugwanjuba; n'ekibinja kya Lozi mu bitundu by'Obugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Tumbuka ekitono ennyo kisangibwa mu kiwonvu kya Luangwa mu Buvanjuba.[2] Tewali kibinja ky'abantu aboogera olulimi olumu abasinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ebitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba tebirimu bantu bangi nnyo.<ref name="epr3">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ng’oggyeko olulimi, obuwangwa bukulu mu Zambia.<ref name="epr3" />Obuwangwa buno batera okubukwataganya n’obwesigwa bw’amaka oba n’ab’obuyinza eb'ennono. Obuwangwa buno busengekeddwa mu bibinja by’ennimi ebikulu.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Posner |first=Daniel N. |date=2005-06-06 |title=Institutions and Ethnic Politics in Africa |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-83398-1 |language=en |doi=10.1017/CBO9780511808661 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083432/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |archive-date=2023-03-21}}</ref> Abagwiira, okusingira ddala Abangereza oba Aba South Afrika, wamu n'abamu ku bannansi ba Zambia abeeru Abazungu abava mu Bungereza, babeera nnyo mu Lusaka ne mu Copperbelt mu Bukiikakkono bwa Zambia, gye baba nga bakola mu birombe, mu by'ensimbi n'emirimu emirala egifaananako bwe gityo oba nga bawummudde. Waaliwo Abazungu 70,000 mu Zambia mu 1964, naye bangi okuva olwo bavudde mu ggwanga.<ref name="Zambia" /> Zambia erina abantu abatono naye nga balina omugaso mu byenfuna abava mu Asia, abasinga obungi ku bo Buhindi ne Bachina. Ekibinja kino eky’abantu abatono ky'ekikyasinze okufuga eby’enfuna nga kye kikola ku by’okutunda ebintu. Kiteeberezebwa nti Abachina nga 80,000 be baali babeera mu Zambia mu 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ZAMBIA: Zambians wary of |url=http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910230935/http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-date=2011-09-10 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=IRINnews}}</ref> Mu myaka egiyise, ebikumi n’ebikumi by’abalimi abazungu abaali bagobeddwa mu Zimbabwe baasengukira e Zambia oluvannyuma lw’okuyitibwa gavumenti ya Zambia, okutandika okulima mu matwae g'omu Bukiikaddyo.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zim's Loss, Zam's gain: White Zimbabweans making good in Zambia|date=June 2004|newspaper=The Economist|access-date=28 August 2009|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110215085211/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-date=15 February 2011}}</ref><ref name="Spiegel">{{Cite news|title=Settling in Zambia: Zimbabwe's Displaced Farmers Find a New Home|last=Thielke|first=Thilo|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|date=27 December 2004|access-date=28 August 2009|periodical=[[Der Spiegel]]|archive-date=19 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619050250/http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza okwalebwa ku banoonyi b'obubuddamu mu 2009 ekyakubibwa akakiikio ka America akavunanyizibwa ku banoonyi b'obubudamu n'abagwiira eka U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, Zambia yalina omuwendo gw’abanoonyi b’obubudamu n’abanoonya obubudamu nga bali 88,900. Abanoonyi b’obubudamu abasinga obungi mu ggwanga baava mu Democratic Republic of the Congo (ababundabunda 47,300 okuva mu DRC ng'ababeera mu Zambia mu 2007), Angola (27,100 Bannangola Zambia), Zimbabwe (5,400) ne Rwanda (4,900).<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009">{{cite news|title=World Refugee Survey 2009|publisher=U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants|url=http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211175633/http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-date=11 December 2013}}</ref> Bannansi ba Zambia okutwaliza awamu baaniriza abagwira. Okutandika mu Gwokutaano 2008, omuwendo gw'Abazimbabwe mu Zambia gwatandika okulinnya ennyo; okuyingira kwali kusinga kw'Abazimbabwe abaali babeera mu South Africa abaali badduka obutabanguko obwali mu ggwanga eryo.<ref name="IRIN">{{Cite news|title=Zambia: Rising levels of resentment towards Zimbabweans|date=9 June 2008|access-date=7 August 2023|periodical=[[The New Humanitarian|IRIN News]]|url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2008/06/09/rising-levels-resentment-towards-zimbabweans|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930005909/http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=78648|archive-date=2009-09-30}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Kumpi abanoonyi b'obubudamo 60,000 babeera mu nkambi mu Zambia, ate 50,000 babeera mu bantu ba bulijjo. Abanoonyi b'obubudamo abaagala okukola mu Zambia balina okusaba olukusa saako n'ebiwandiiko ebikukkiriza okukola nga bino biyinza okutwala ddoola 500 buli mwaka.<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009" /> '''Eddiini''' Zambia mu butongole "eggwanga ery'Ekiikuristaayo" wansi wa Ssemateeka w'eggwanga owa 1996, naye essa ekitiibwa mu kukuuma eddembe ly'eddiini n'okusinza.<ref>{{cite web |date=30 June 2008 |title=Constitution of Zambia, 1991(Amended to 1996) |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105055544/http://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |archive-date=5 November 2012 |access-date=18 December 2012 |publisher=Scribd.com}}</ref> Zambia lye ggwanga lyokka mu Afirika erirangirira Obukristaayo ng'eddiini y'eggwanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Haynes |first=N. |date=2021 |title=Taking Dominion in a Christian Nation: North American Political Theology in an African Context |journal=Pneuma |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=214–232 |doi=10.1163/15700747-bja10036 |hdl=20.500.11820/48b556a6-cf81-4058-bf5b-894934a35ca0 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ekitongole kya Zambia ekivunaanyizibwa ku kubala abantu ekya Zambia Statistics Agency mu 2022 kyabalirira nti 98.0% ku Bannazambia Bakristaayo, nga 74.5% Bapulotesitanti, 17.9% Bakatoliki ate 5.6% Bajulirwa ba Yakuwa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2025-07-24 |title=RELIGIOUS LANDSCAPE OF ZAMBIA: AN ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF THE 2022 CENSUS FINDINGS |url=https://www.amulufeblog.com/2025/07/religious-landscape-of-zambia.html |access-date=2026-02-12 |website=Amulufeblog |language=en}}</ref> Enzikiriza z'ekikulisitaayo mu Zambia mulimu Apolotesitante, Abavangelika saako n'Abapentecoote.<ref name=":1" /> Obukristaayo bwatuuka mu Zambia okuyita mu bufuzi bw'amatwale obw'Abazungu, era enjawulo yaakyo ey'ebibiina eby'enjawulo eraga enkyukakyuka mu nkola y'obuminsani; okugeza, Obukatoliki bwava mu Mozambique ey'Abaportugalezi mu Buvanjuba, so ng'Obulokole bwava mu Bungereza mu Bukiikaddyo. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu 1964, Zambia yalaba okweyongera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibiina by'obuminsani ebirala okuva mu bitundu by'ensi ebitali bimu, naddala Amerika ey'Obukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. Mu byasa ebyaddirira, emirimu gy'obuminsani egy'Abazungu egyaddira abakkiriza ab'omu kitundu (okuggyako ebifo ebimu eby'obuminsani, gamba ng'abasawo). Oluvannyuma lwa Frederick Chiluba, Omukulisitaayo Omukristaayo, okufuuka pulezidenti mu 1991, ebibiina by'obuminsani eby'Abazungu byeyongera nnyo okwetooloola Zambia okuva mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu 1964, Zambia yalaba okweyongera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibiina by'obuminsani eby'Abazungu okuva mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani.<ref name="pentecostal">{{cite book |last=Steel |first=Matthew |year=2005 |title=Pentecostalism in Zambia: Power, Authority and the Overcomers |publisher=University of Wales |id=MSc Dissertation}}</ref> Eddiini z'Ekikristaayo ezimu ezirina abagoberezi batono mu nsi yonna zimanyiddwa nnyo mu Zambia. Eggwanga lino lirina abantu abawerako ab'enzikiriza y'eki Adiventi nga mu bibala ku Bazambia 18 osangamu 1 omu Adiventi.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 October 2012 |title=Zambia Union Conference&nbsp;– Adventist Directory |url=http://www.adventistdirectory.org/ViewAdmField.aspx?AdmFieldID=ZAUM |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427045842/https://www.adventistdirectory.org/ViewAdmField.aspx?AdmFieldID=ZAUM |archive-date=27 April 2023 |access-date=18 December 2012 |publisher=Adventistdirectory.org}}</ref> Ekkanisa y'Abalokole eya Central Africa erimu abagoberezi abasukka mu 11,000 mu ggwanga.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lutheran Church of Central Africa: Zambia |url=http://www.celc.info/site/cpage.asp?sec_id=180010197&cpage_id=180031341 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131193035/http://www.celc.info/site/cpage.asp?sec_id=180010197&cpage_id=180031341 |archive-date=31 January 2017 |publisher=Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference}}</ref> Abantu abasukka mu bitundu 12 ku buli kikumi mu Zambia basabira mu Kkanisa ya New Apostostoc Church.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hayashida |first=Nelson Osamu |date=1999 |title=Dreams in the African Literature: The Significance of Dreams and Visions Among Zambian Baptists |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CkNC6-Wmga4C&q=One+in+11+Zambians+is+a+member+of+the+New+Apostolic+Church&pg=PA36 |publisher=Rodopi |isbn=978-90-420-0596-9 |language=en |access-date=3 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518182155/https://books.google.com/books?id=CkNC6-Wmga4C&q=One+in+11+Zambians+is+a+member+of+the+New+Apostolic+Church&pg=PA36#v=snippet&q=One%20in%2011%20Zambians%20is%20a%20member%20of%20the%20New%20Apostolic%20Church&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nga balina abagoberezi abasukka mu kakadde kamu mu emitwalo abiri, eggwanga lirimu ekibiina ky'Abaseveniside ekisinga obunene mu Afirika, okuva ku bantu abasukka mu bukadde mwenda mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Membership figures of the global Church as at the end of 2009: New Apostolic Church International (NAC) |url=http://www.nak.org/news/naci-news/article/16710/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626032545/http://www.nak.org/news/naci-news/article/16710/ |archive-date=26 June 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.nak.org}}</ref> Abantu nga 2.7% ku Bannazambia Basiraamu, abasinga obungi nga Basunni n’abalala abatonotono nga Abaismaili ne Twelver Shia.<ref name="2023RIRF">{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2023-report-on-international-religious-freedom/zambia/ |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=United States Department of State |language=en-US}}</ref> Abasiraamu abali mu Zambia, abalina okubalibwa okw’omulundi ogumu nga 100,000 okusinziira ku kuteebereza okumu okwakolebwa, bazingiramu abanoonyi b’obubudamu okuva e Congo ne [[Somalia]], awamu n’abagwiira okuva mu South Asia ne mu ddungu ly'ebuwalabu abafuuse Bannazambia.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> Abahindu, abasinga obungi nga ba South Asian ancestry, baali nga 10,000 okusinziira ku kuteebereza okumu okwakolebwa, mu 2019.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> Ku ntikko y'akyo mu myaka gya 1960, Abayudaaya abaali mu Zambia abaali bawerera ddala 10,000 ng'abasinga baali basibuka mu Lithuania, Latvia ne Bugirimaani,<ref>{{cite web |last=Tutton |first=Mark |date=19 January 2012 |title=The forgotten story of Zambia's Jewish settlers |url=https://www.cnn.com/2012/01/19/world/africa/zambia-jewish-history/index.html |access-date=17 February 2025 |work=CNN}}</ref>okuva mu 2012 baali batono ddala okusinga Abazambia Abayudaaya ng'abasinga ku bbo baali bawangalira mu Lusaka mu matwale g'Obukiikakkono. Mu Zambia mulimu abantu batono ab'enzikiriza ya Baha ne Buddhists saako ne Sikhs.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> '''Ennimi''' Omuwendo omutuufu ogw'ennimi za Zambia tegumanyiddwa, wadde ng'ebiwandiiko bingi bigamba nti Zambia erina ennimi 73 ez’enjawulo; omuwendo guno guyinza okuba nga guva ku butawulira njawulo wakati w’ennimi n’ebigambo ebikozesebwa eby'enjawulo, nga basinziira ku kuba nti abantu basobola okutegeeragana nga boogera ennimi ez’enjawulo. Okusinziira ku kino, omuwendo gw’ennimi za Zambia guyinza okuba nga guli wakati wa 20 oba 30.<ref name="Chanda, Vincent M., and, Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. 2013 1–173">{{Cite book |author1=Chanda, Vincent M. |year=2013 |title=Speak Zambian Languages: Phrase Book in Bemba, Kaonde, Lozi, Luvale, Lunda, Nyanja and Tonga, all in one |author2=Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson |publisher=UNZA Press |isbn=978-9982-03-073-1 |location=Lusaka, Zambia |pages=1–173}}</ref> Olulimi olutongole mu Zambia lwe Lungereza, olukozesebwa mu bizinensi entongole, eby'enjigiriza, n’amateeka.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" />Olulimi olusinga okwogerwa mu Zambia, naddala mu Lusaka, lwe Lunyaanja (Chewa), oluddako Bemba. Mu birombe bya koppa, Bemba lwe lulimi olusinga okwogerwa era oluddako Nyanja. Olunyaanja n’Olubemba bye byogerwa mu bitundu eby’omu bibuga, okugatta ku nnimi endala eza wano ezaatera okwogerwa mu Zambia. Zino mulimu Lozi, Tumbuka, Kaonde, Tonga, Lunda ne Luvale, ezaalagibwa ku Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation (ZNBC) mu kitundu ky’ennimi za wano.<ref name="BritannicaPeople2">{{Cite web |title=Zambia – People |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambia/People |access-date=1 October 2024 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Chanda, Vincent M., and, Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. 2013 1–1732">{{Cite book |author1=Chanda, Vincent M. |year=2013 |title=Speak Zambian Languages: Phrase Book in Bemba, Kaonde, Lozi, Luvale, Lunda, Nyanja and Tonga, all in one |author2=Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson |publisher=UNZA Press |isbn=978-9982-03-073-1 |location=Lusaka, Zambia |pages=1–173}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. |year=2015 |title=The State of Affairs of Cultural Literacy in Zambia's Multicultural Education System. In A. L. Jotia and J. Dudu (Ed.), Multicultural Education Discourses: Breaking Barriers of Exclusion in Selected African Contexts |publisher=Zebra publishing (Pty) LTD |isbn=978-99945-84-99-4 |location=Windhoek, Namibia |pages=190–204}}</ref> Abasinga obungi bajja kwogera Olubemba n'Olunyanja mu Copperbelt; Olunyanja lusinga kwogerwa mu Lusaka ne mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia. Oluzungu lukozesebwa mu mpuliziganya entongole era lwe lulimi olusinga okwogerwa mu maka mu bantu abava mu mawanga ag'enjawulo. Okumelukawo kuno mu nnimi ereetedde olulimi olwogerwa mu Lusaka ne mu bibuga ebirala ebikulu. Abasinga obungi mu Zambia batera okwogera ennimi ezisukka mu lumu: olulimi olutongole, Oluzungu, n'olulimi olusinga okwogerwa mu kibuga oba mu kitundu gye babeera. Olupotugo luyigirizibwa ng'olulimi olw'okubiri mu masomo g'essomero olw'okubeerawo kw'Abangereza aboogera Olupotugo abangi mu Zambia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Actualités Afrique - Economie, sport, santé, politique |url=http://www.afriquejet.com/news/africa-news/zambia-to-introduce-portuguese-into-school-curriculum-2009041825794.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121208151924/http://www.afriquejet.com/news/africa-news/zambia-to-introduce-portuguese-into-school-curriculum-2009041825794.html |archive-date=2012-12-08 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.afriquejet.com |language=fr-fr}}</ref> '''Eby'enjigiriza''' Eddembe okufuna obuyigirize obwenkanankana era obumala eri bonna kikuumibwa mu ssemateeka wa Zambia.<ref>{{cite web |date=1996 |title=Laws of Zambia |url=http://www.parliament.gov.zm/acts/volumes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307105357/http://www.parliament.gov.zm/acts/volumes |archive-date=7 March 2016 |access-date=27 January 2016 |website=National Assembly of Zambia}}</ref> Etteeka ly’Obuyigirize erya 2011 likugira obuyigirize obwenkanankana era obw’omutindo.<ref>{{cite web |date=2011 |title=The Education Act (2011) |url=http://www.parliament.gov.zm/node/3324 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203063439/http://www.parliament.gov.zm/node/3324 |archive-date=3 February 2016 |access-date=27 January 2016 |website=National Assembly of Zambia}}</ref> Omutindo gw’obuyivu bw’olulimi Olungereza nga bwe gwali mu 2018 guli ebitundu 86.7%. Ensaasaanya ya gavumenti eya buli mwaka ku by'enjigiriza ebadde ya njawulo nnyo. Nga bwe kiri ebitundu ku mbalirira ya gavumenti, kyali ebitundu 19.6% mu 2006, ebitundu 15.3% mu 2011, n'ebitundu 20.2% mu 2015.<ref name="WorldBank_2015">{{cite report|author=<!--none listed-->|date=December 2015|title=Education Public Expenditure Review in Zambia|url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/431421468000590726/pdf/103870-PUB-PUBLIC-Education-Public-Expenditure-Review-in-Zambia.pdf|publisher=World Bank Group|page=36|access-date=2024-01-16|archive-date=16 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116202228/https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/431421468000590726/pdf/103870-PUB-PUBLIC-Education-Public-Expenditure-Review-in-Zambia.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Okutuuka mu 2020, ensaasaanya ku by'enjigiriza yali ebitundu 3.7% ku GDP. '''Eby'obulamu''' Zambia eri mu kiseera ky’okubalukawo kw’ekirwadde kya mukenenya, ng’omuwendo gw’abantu abalina akawuka ka mukenenya mu ggwanga lyonna guli ebitundu 12.10 ku buli kikumi mu bantu abakulu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Country Comparisons—HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/hiv-aids-adult-prevalence-rate/country-comparison |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425032850/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/hiv-aids-adult-prevalence-rate/country-comparison/ |archive-date=25 April 2022 |access-date=19 June 2021 |work=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |location=Langley, Virginia}}</ref> Kyokka, eggwanga lino likoze enkyukakyuka mu myaka ekkumi egiyise: Omuwendo gw’abantu abalina akawuka ka mukenenya mu bantu abakulu abali wakati w’emyaka 15–49 gukendedde okutuuka ku bitundu 13 ku buli kikumi mu 2013/14, bw’ogeraageranya n’ebitundu 16 ku buli kikumi emyaka nga kkumi emabega.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Children in Zambia |url=https://www.unicef.org/zambia/children-zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626221920/https://www.unicef.org/zambia/children-zambia |archive-date=26 June 2020 |access-date=27 May 2020 |publisher=UNICEF |language=en}}</ref> Ebiva mu bujjanjabi ebirala nabyo enkyukayuka ez'akolebwa, newankubadde nga bikyali bibi nnyo okusinzila ku mutindo gw’ensi yonna. Omuwendo gw’abantu abafa nga bazaala guli 135 ku buli kikumi mu 2020 nga bagerageranya n’abantu 169 mu 2014 ne 296 mu 2007;<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://genderdata.worldbank.org/en/economies/zambia#featured-indicators |access-date=2025-03-09 |website=World Bank Gender Data Portal |language=en}}</ref> mu myaka egyo emabega, omuwendo gw’abantu abafa nga bazaala guli 59.3 ku buli kikumi mu 2020 nga bagerageranya n’abantu 69.2 ne 93.3 mu 2014 ne 2007.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) |url=https://genderdata.worldbank.org/en/indicator/sh-dyn-mort?view=trend&gender=total&geos=ZMB |access-date=2025-03-09 |website=www.worldbank.org}}</ref> == Eby'enfuna == Mu 2022, Zambia ezitowa wakati w'obuwumbi bwa doolo 7.5 n'ebuwumbi 8 obuva mu by'obusuubuzi ebitundibwa w'abweru w'eggwanga buli mwaka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=International Trade Administration |date=2024-06-06 |title=Zambia - Market Overview |url=https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/zambia-market-overview |access-date=2024-06-23 |website=www.trade.gov |language=en}}</ref> Byonna awamu byali bibalirirwamu billiyooni doola 9.1 obuwumbi obw’ebintu ebifulumizibwa ebweru w'eggwanga mu 2018<ref>{{cite web |last1=Workman |first1=Daniel |title=Zambia's Top 10 Exports |url=http://www.worldstopexports.com/zambias-top-10-exports/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426214352/https://www.worldstopexports.com/zambias-top-10-exports/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=10 February 2020 |website=World's Top Exports}}</ref>M u 2015, abantu nga 54.4% baali babeera wansi w’oekigerogkyobwavu mu ggwanga, nga guno gwalongooka okuva ku 60.5% mu 2010.[3] Obwavu mu byalo bwali ku bitundu 76.6% ate mu bibuga bwali ku bitundu 23.4%.[3] Omutindo gw’obwavu mu ggwanga gwali ZMK 214 (US$12.85) buli mwezi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Poverty & Equity Brief: Zambia |url=https://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/poverty/33EF03BB-9722-4AE2-ABC7-AA2972D68AFE/Global_POVEQ_ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240207110244/https://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/poverty/33EF03BB-9722-4AE2-ABC7-AA2972D68AFE/Global_POVEQ_ZMB.pdf |archive-date=7 February 2024 |access-date=30 Dec 2021}}</ref> Okusinziira okwakasembayo mu 2018 okwakolebwa United Nations Development Programme, abantu 47.9% beeyongera okukosebwa obwavu obwengerera ddala.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 August 2022 |title=Zambia - Agriculture |url=https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/zambia-agriculture |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131162056/https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/zambia-agriculture |archive-date=31 January 2024 |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=International Trade Administration |language=en}}</ref> Zambia yali ku kifo kya 112 mu Index y’Ensi Yonna ey’Obuyiiya mu 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=GII Innovation Ecosystems & Data Explorer 2025 |url=https://www.wipo.int/gii-ranking/en/zambia |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=WIPO}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Dutta |first1=Soumitra |year=2025 |title=Global Innovation Index 2025: Innovation at a Crossroads |url=https://www.wipo.int/web-publications/global-innovation-index-2025/en/index.html |last2=Lanvin |first2=Bruno |publisher=[[World Intellectual Property Organization]] |isbn=978-92-805-3797-0 |page=19 |language=en |doi=10.34667/tind.58864 |access-date=2025-10-17}}</ref> Ebipimo by’abantu byeyongera okukka, naddala mu bipimo by’obulamu obusuubirwa ku kuzaalibwa (nga 40.9 emyaka) ne mu kufa kw’abakyala abali embuto (830 ku buli 100,000 abali embuto) mu 2007.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090303204041/http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/hdr_20072008_en_complete.pdf Human Development Report 2007/2008]. Palgrave Macmillan. 2007. {{ISBN|978-0-230-54704-9}}</ref> Mu 2023, obulamu obusuubirwa ku kuzaalibwa bwali bweyongeddeko okutuuka ku myaka nga 62.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Life expectancy at birth, total (years) - Zambia |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN?view=m&locations=ZM |access-date=2024-09-30 |website=World Bank Open Data}}{{Dead link|date=February 2026|bot=InternetArchiveBot}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] t1kz7r4vsrj14u1639w83jz2zrp1mxg 59378 59376 2026-07-06T17:35:17Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ekiba 59378 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Amawanga ga Luba-Lunda oluvannyuma gaakendeera olw'okutunda abaddu mu Atlantic mu Bugwanjuba ne mu Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba ne mu ntalo n'ebibinja ebyali byawuddwa ku bwakabaka. Aba Chokwe, ekibinja ekirina oluganda olw'okumpi ne Luvale era ne kitondebwawo ng'eggwanga lya Lunda satellite, mu kusooka gaakosebwa olw'obwetaavu bwabaddu eri Abazungu, naye bwe baawukana ku bwakabaka, bo bennyini baafuuka batunzi ba baddu abamanyiddwa ennyo, nga batunda abaddu ku mbalama zombi. Abachokwe oluvannyuma baawangulwa amawanga amalala n'Abaportugali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azuonye |first=Chukwuma |date=15 December 1996 |title=Chokwe: (Angola, Zambia) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ejao3vG6nfsC&pg=PA11 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-1990-1 |language=en}}</ref> Obutali butebenkevu buno bwaviirako okugwa kw'obwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'abantu okusaasaanira mu bitundu bya Zambia eby'enjawulo okuva mu Democratic Republic of the Congo. Abazambia abasinga obungi balina obuzaale mu bwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'obwakabaka obulala obuli mu Masekkati ga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1200, ng’eggwanga lya Luba-Lunda terinnatandikibwawo, ekibinja ky’aba Bantu baatandika okusenguka okuva mu Congo Basin okudda ku Nnyanja Mweru ate oluvannyuma ne basenga okumpi n’ennyanja Malawi. Abasenze bano balowoozebwa okuba nga baali abamu ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky’e Upemba mu Democratic Republic of Congo. Mu myaka gya 1400, ebibinja by’abasenze bano awamu baayitibwanga Maravi, era nga mu bo mwalimu Abachewa abaatandika okukoppa ebibinja by’aba Bantu nga Tumbuka.<ref name="Team">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 1480 Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwatandikibwawo kalonga (omukulu w'obwakabaka bwa Maravi) okuva mu kika kya Phiri, kimu ku bika ebikulu, ng'ebirala mulimu Banda, Mwale ne Nkhoma. Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwali buva ku Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Enkulaakulana y'ebyobufuzi ey'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi yali efaanana ey'Obwakabaka bwa Luba era kigambibwa nti bwavaayo. Ekyamaguzi ekikulu eky'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi kyali amasanga, agaatundibwanga okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Ekyuma nakyo kyakolebwanga era ne kitundibwa mu nsi endala. Mu myaka gya 1590, Abapotigo baagezaako okweddiza eby'obusuubuzi n’okutunda Maravi mu nsi endala. Okugezaako kuno kwaleetawo obusungu mu Maravi ab’e Lundu, abaasumulula eggye lyabwe erya WaZimba. WaZimba baalumba ebibuga by’Abapotigo eby’obusuubuzi nga Tete, Sena n’ebibuga ebirala bingi.<ref name="thinkafrica.net">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Abamaravi nabo bateeberezebwa okuba nga baaleeta obulombolombo obwandifuuse ekibiina kya Nyau eky'ekyama okuva e Upemba. Aba Nyau be bakola ku nzikiriza oba eddiini y'obuwangwa ey'abantu b'omu Maravi. Ekibiina kya Nyau kirimu okuzina okw'obulombolombo n'obukookolo obukozesebwa mu kuzina; enzikiriza eno yasaasaana okwetooloola ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maptia |title=The Secret Cult of Nyau Dancers |url=https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108130415/https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-date=8 November 2020 |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=Maptia |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwakendeera olw'enkaayana ezikwata ku busika mu mukago, okulumbibwa Ngoni n'okulumba abaddu okuva mu Yao.<ref name="thinkafrica.net2">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa ne Mfecane''' Ng'Obwakabaka bwa Great Zimbabwe bwali bukendedde, omu ku balangira baabwo, Nyatsimba Mutota, yava mu ggwanga n'atandikawo obwakabaka obupya obuyitibwa Mutapa. Ekitiibwa kya Mwene Mutapa, ekitegeeza "Omulumbaganyi w'Ensi", kyamuweebwa era n'abafuzi abaddirira.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mwene Matapa {{!}} historical dynastic title, southern Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520141810/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |archive-date=20 May 2023 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwafuganga ekitundu ekiri wakati w’Omugga Zambezi n’Omugga Limpopo, mu kitundu ekiriwo kati ekiyitibwa Zambia, Zimbabwe ne Mozambique, okuva mu kyasa ekya 14 okutuusa mu kyasa ekya 17. Mu ntikko yaabwo, Mutapa yali awambye ekitundu kya Dande eky’Omugga Tonga ne Tavara. Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwasinganga kwetaba mu by’obusuubuzi okusomoka Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okutuuka mu mawanga ag’omu Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Okufaananako abantu abaaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu mu Maravi, Mutapa yalina obuzibu n’abasuubuzi Abapotigo abaali bazze. Obutategeeragana buno we bwatuukira ku ntikko, Abapotigo baali bagezezzaako okukyusa mu nsonga z’omunda mu bwakabaka nga batandikawo obutale mu bwakabaka era nga bakyusa abantu okubayingiza Obukristaayo. Ekikolwa kino kyaleetawo obusungu mu Basiraamu AbaSwahili abaali babeera mu kibuga ekikulu, akavuyo kano kaawa Abapotigo ensonga gye baali banoonya okulumba obwakabaka era bagezeeko okufuga ebirombe by'abwo ebya zaabu n'enguudo awayitira amasanga. Obulumbaganyi buno bwagwa butaka Abapotigo bwe baalumbibwa endwadde nga bayita ku mugga Zambezi.<ref name="Mutapa">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1600 enkaayana ez'omunda n'olutalo lw'omunda byatandika okukendeera kwa Mutapa. Obwakabaka obwali bunafuye bwawangulwa Abapotigo era oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera bwatwalibwa amawanga ga Shona bwe baali bawalangana.<ref name="Mutapa2">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Abapotigo nabo baalina ettaka ddene, eryali limanyiddwa nga Prazos, era baakozesanga abaddu n'abaali abaddu ng'abakuumi n'abayizzi. Baatendekanga abasajja mu bukodyo bw'amagye era ne babawa emmundu. Abasajja bano baafuuka abayizzi b'enjovu abakugu era baali bamanyiddwa nga ba Chikunda. Oluvannyuma lw'okukendeera kw'Abapotigo, Chikunda baasobola okwesolossa munda mu Zambia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2019 |title=Chikunda |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227184451/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |archive-date=27 February 2021 |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Portugal okubeera mu kitundu ekyo kyali nsonga lwaki obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwatandikibwawo, eggwanga eryali lyetongodde ku Mutapa. Omukulembeze w'obwakabaka bwa Rozvi, Changamire Dombo, yafuuka omu ku bakulembeze abasingayo amaanyi mu byafaayo bya South-Central Africa. Wansi w'obukulembeze bwe, obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwawangula Abapotigo ne babaggya mu bifo mwe baali bakolera bizineesi ku mugga Zambezi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rozwi {{!}} historical state, Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125203243/https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |archive-date=25 January 2021 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Naye oboolyawo ekyokulabirako ekisinga okumanyibwa mu kino okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti kwe kweyongera kw’Abazulu wansi w’obukulembeze bwa Shaka. Okupikirizibwa okuva eri Abangereza abafuzi b’amatwale mu Cape ne okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti mu Bazulu kyavaako Mfecane (okunyigirizibwa). Abazulu beeyongera nga bayingiza abakazi n’abaana b’ebika bye baawangula, singa abasajja b’ebika bino ebya Nguni baawona okuttibwa, baakozesa obukodyo bw’amagye obw’Abazulu okulumba ebibinja ebirala.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Kino kyaviirako abantu bangi okusenguka, entalo n'obulumbaganyi mu Bukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati ne mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika nga ab'ekika kya Nguni oba Ngoni nga bakulembeddwamu Zwagendaba baasomoka omugga Zambezi nga batambulira mu Bukiikakkono. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni be baakuba ekibuga Maravi Empire ekyali kinafuye. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni abasinga obungi baasenga mu kitundu ekyali Zambia, [[Malawi]], [[Mozambique]] ne [[Tanzania]] era ne beegatta ku bika ebyali mu kitundu ekyo.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history2">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Zambia, ekibinja ekirala eky’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Afirika eky’Abasotho-Tswana abava mu Luba ne Lunda ezaagwa edda abayitibwa Abaluyana baawamba Kololo ne bamussaako olulimi Olukololo okutuusa Abaluyana lwe beekalakaasa ne baggyako Kololo mu kiseera kino olulimi Olukololo lwali lwerabiddwa era olulimi olupya olugattiddwa lwe lwavaamu, SiLozi era Abaluyana baatandika okweyita Abalozi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lozi {{!}} people |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528092724/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |archive-date=28 May 2023 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kya 18, Abamu ku Mbunda baasengukira mu Barotseland, Mongu oluvannyuma lw'okusenguka kw'abantu abalala, nga muno mwe muli, Ciyengele.<ref>'' The elites of Barotseland, 1878–1969: a political history of Zambia's Western Province'': a. Gerald L. Caplan, C. Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd, 1970, {{ISBN|0-900966-38-6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=maniacky |first=jacky |title=bantu zone K |url=http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140411045127/http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-date=2014-04-11 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.bantu-languages.com}}</ref> '''Ekiseera ky'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' '''Abazungu''' Omu ku Bulaaya abaasooka okuwandiikibwa nga baakyalako mu kitundu kino yali omuvumbuzi Omupotigo Francisco de Lacerda ku nkomerero y'ekyasa ekya 18. Lacerda yakulemberamu ekibinja ky'abavumbuzi okuva e Mozambique okutuuka mu kitundu ky'e Kazembe mu Zambia (nga balina ekiruubirirwa eky'okuvumbula n'okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa okuva ku lubalama lw'ennyanja okutuuka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja omulundi ogusooka),<ref>{{cite web |year=1798 |title=Instructions and Travel Diary that Governor Francisco Joze de Lacerda e Almeida Wrote about His Travel to the Center of Africa, Going to the River of Sena, in the Year of 1798 |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905135844/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |archive-date=5 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Library of Congress}}</ref> era n'afa mu kiseera ky'olugendo mu 1798. Olugendo luno okuva olwo lwakulemberwamu mukwano gwe Francisco Pinto.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hartnett |first=Craig |title=Portuguese Expedition to Northern Rhodesia, 1798–99 |url=http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924023553/http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Great North Road (GNR, Northern Rhodesia, Zambia) |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ekitundu kino, ekisangibwa wakati wa Mozambique ne [[Angola]], kyali kigambibwa nti kyali kya Bupotugo mu kiseera ekyo. Abalala abava mu Bulaaya baagoberera mu kyasa 19. Eyasinga okumanyika mu bano yali David Livingstone, eyalina okwolesebwa okw'okukomya okusuubula abaddu ng'ayita mu "3Cs": Obukristaayo, Ebyobusuubuzi, n'Obuwangwa. Ye Muzungu eyasooka okulaba ebisulo by'amazzi ebyewuunyisa ku Mugga Zambezi mu 1855, n'abyogerako bw'ati: "Ebifo ebirabika obulungi bityo biteekwa okuba nga byatunuulirwa bamalayika mu kudduka kwabwe".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Livingstone Discovers Victoria Falls, 1855 |url=http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522092057/http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |archive-date=22 May 2020 |access-date=28 May 2020 |website=EyeWitness to History}}</ref> Mu kitundu kino ebiyiriro bimanyiddwa nga "Mosi-o-Tunya" oba "omukka ogubwatuka" mu lulimi Lozi oba Kololo. Ekibuga Livingstone, okumpi n'ebiyiriro, kiyitibwa erinnya lye. Emboozi ezikwata ku ŋŋendo ze zaali zimanyiddwa nnyo ne kiviirako abagenyi bangi okuva mu Bulaaya, abaminsani, n'abasuubuzi oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwe mu 1873.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627015544/https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-date=27 June 2020 |website=The Provincial Administration Website}}</ref> '''Kampuni ya British South Africa Company''' Mu 1888, kampuni ya British South Africa Company (BSA Company), eyakulemberwa Cecil Rhodes, yafuna olukusa okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka okuva ku Litunga ow'abantu ba Lozi, omukulu w'essaza ly'abantu ba Lozi (Ba-rotse) mu kitundu ekyafuuka Barotziland-North-Western Rhodesia.<ref name="livingstone">{{cite web |author=Livingstone Tourism Association |title=Destination:Zambia&nbsp;– History and Culture |url=http://www.livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012153527/http://livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> Ebuvanjuba, mu Gwekkumineebiri 1897 ekibinja ky’Abangoni oba Abangoni (abaasibuka mu Zululand) beekalakaasa nga bakulemberwa Tsinco, mutabani wa Kabaka Mpezeni, naye obujeemu bwakomezebwawo,<ref name="unam">{{cite web |author1=Human Rights |author2=Documentation Centre |name-list-style=amp |title=Zambia: Historical Background |url=http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311093653/http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-date=11 March 2007 |access-date=14 January 2011}}</ref> era Mpezeni n’akkiriza Pax Britannica. Ekitundu ky’eggwanga ekyo kyatandika okumanyibwa nga Rhodesia ey'omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba. Mu 1895, Rhodes yasaba omusikawutu wa Omumerika Frederick Russell Burnham okunoonya eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka n’engeri y’okulongoosaamu entambula y’emigga mu kitundu ekyo, era mu lugendo luno mwe mwazuulibwa Frederick Russell Burnham eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka bingi ku mugga Kafue.<ref name="burnham1899">{{cite book |last=Burnham |first=Frederick Russell |author-link=Frederick Russell Burnham |year=1899 |title=Bulawayo Up-to-date; Being a General Sketch of Rhodesia |title-link=s:Northern Rhodesia |publisher=Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co. |editor-last=Wills |editor-first=Walter H. |pages=177–180 |chapter=Northern Rhodesia}}</ref> '''Obufuzi bw'amatwale ga Bungereza''' Mu 1953, okutondebwawo kwa Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland z'agatta wamu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono ne Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo, ne Nyasaland (kati Malawi) ng’ekitundu kimu ekyetongodde. Kino kyakolebwa wadde nga waaliwo okuwakanyizibwa okuva mu bantu abatono, abaakola okwekalakaasa okwaliwo mu 1960–61.<ref name="infoplease">{{cite web |author=Pearson Education |title=Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Federation of |url=http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012231959/http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> '''Obwetwaaze''' Omukago gwasaanyizibwawo nga 31 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, era mu Gwoluberyeberye 1964, Kaunda yawangula akalulu k'Obwaminisita bwa Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono. Gavana w'amatwale, Sir Evelyn Hone, yali mukwano nnyo gwa Kaunda era yamukubiriza okwesimbawo ku kifo ekyo. Mangu ddala oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, waaliwo okwekalakaasa mu Bukiikakkono bw'eggwanga eryo eryali limanyiddwa nga Lumpa Uprising nga lyali liduumirwa Alice Lenshina – Kaunda's first internal conflict as leader of the nation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2020 |title=Alice Lenshina |url=https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228081501/https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |archive-date=28 February 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=The British Empire}}</ref> Rhodesia yafuuka Republic of Zambia nga 24 Ogwekkumi 1964, nga Kenneth Kaunda ye pulezidenti eyasooka. Ku kufuna obwetwaze, wadde nga yalina ebyobugagga eby'omu ttaka ebingi, Zambia yasanga okusoomoozebwa okw'amaanyi. Munda mu ggwanga, waaliwo Abazambia abatendeke era abayivu abasukka mu 70,000 abaali basobola okuddukanya gavumenti, era ebyenfuna byali byesigamye nnyo ku bakugu okuva mu mawanga amalala. Obukugu buno bwaweebwa mu ngeri emu oba endala omubaka wa Bungereza mu Zambia John Willson.<ref>[http://www.chu.cam.ac.uk/archives/collections/BDOHP/Willson.pdf WILLSON, John Michael (born 15 July 1931)]{{Dead link|date=June 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}. BDOHP Biographical Details and Interview Index. chu.cam.ac.uk</ref> Waaliwo Abazungu abasukka mu 70,000 ababeera mu Zambia mu 1964, era baasigala nga ba mugaso nnyo mu byenfuna.<ref name="Zambia">{{Cite news|date=1964-10-25|title=1964: President Kaunda takes power in Zambia|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605125604/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-date=5 June 2013|access-date=2025-09-13|url-status=live|language=en-GB}}</ref> Kaunda okuwagira abayeekera ba Patriotic Front abaali bakola obulumbaganyi mu mawanga ag'omuliraano (Bukiikaddyo) Rhodesia kyaleetawo obunkenke mu by'obufuzi era ne kireetawo okukozesa amagye ku nsalo, era kino kyaviirako ensalo okuggalwa mu 1973.<ref name="blackfire">{{cite book |last=Raeburn |first=Michael |year=1978 |title=We are everywhere: Narratives from Rhodesian guerillas |url=https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-0-394-50530-5 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 1–209]}}</ref>Ebbibiro ly'amasannyalaze erya Kariba ku mugga Zambezi lyawa amasannyalaze agamala okukola ku byetaago by'eggwanga eby'amasannyalaze, wadde nga Rhodesia ye yali ekola ku by'amasannyalaze. Nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1978, ennyonyi ey'abantu ba bulijjo, Air Rhodesia Flight 825, yakubibwa amasasi okumpi ne Kariba abayeekera ba Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) abaakulemberwa Joshua Nkomo. Rhodesia yaddamu n'ekikwekweto kya Gatling, okulumba enkambi endala mu Zambia nga bakozesa amaanyi g'ennyonyi n'abajaasi abakugu mu kubuuka mu bbanga n'abajaasi abakugu mu kukozesa ennyonyi.<ref>{{cite web |title=GREEN LEADER. OPERATION GATLING, THE RHODESIAN MILITARY'S RESPONSE TO THE VISCOUNT TRAGEDY |url=http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125155440/http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-date=25 January 2017 |access-date=22 April 2017}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1970, Mozambique ne Angola zaali zifunye obwetwaze okuva ku Portugal. Gavumenti ya Rhodesia eyali esingamu abazungu, eyafulumya Ekirangiriro ky’Obwetwaze mu 1965, yakkiriza obufuzi obw’abantu abangi wansi w’Endagaano ya Lancaster House mu 1979.<ref name="zimstudy">{{cite book |last=Nelson |first=Harold |year=1983 |title=Zimbabwe: A Country Study |publisher=Claitors Publishing Division |isbn=978-0-16-001598-4 |pages=54–137}}</ref> Obukuubagano mu bitundu byombi ebyali bifugibwa Abapotigo n'olutalo lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwa [[Namibia]] byaviirako okuyingira kw'abanoonyi b'obubudamuera ne kyongera ku buzibu bw'ebyentambula. Oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Benguela, olwayita mu [[Angola]], lwaggalwawo ddala eri ebyentambula bya Zambia mu myaka gya 1970 egyali gisembayo. Zambia okuwagira ebibiina ebirwanyisa obusosoze mu mawanga nga African National Congress (ANC) era kyaleetawo obuzibu bw'ebyokwerinda ng'amagye ga South Africa Defence Force galumba ebifo ebitali bimu mu lutalo lw'okulwanyisa obwetwaze bwa Namibia.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Evans, M. |year=1984 |title=The Front-Line States, South Africa and Southern African Security: Military Prospects and Perspectives |url=http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/Journal%20of%20the%20University%20of%20Zimbabwe/vol12n1/juz012001002.pdf |journal=Zambezia |volume=12 |page=1}}</ref> '''Ebizibu by'ebyenfuna''' Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1970, omuwendo gwa kkopa, ekyamaguzi ekikulu ekiva mu Zambia, gwasereba nnyo mu nsi yonna. Mu mbeera ya Zambia, obungi bw'okutambuza kkopa eŋŋendo empanvu okutuuka mu katale kyali kizibu kinene. Zambia yasaba obuyambi okuva mu mawanga ag'ebweru n'ag'ensi yonna, naye, nga bbeeyi ya kkopa esigadde nga yasereba, kyeyongera okubeera ekizibu okusasula amabanja gaayo agaali geeyongera. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1990, wadde nga tewaaliwo kusonyiyibwa mabanja, ebbeyi ya kkopa eyali eva mu Zambia yali emu ku bintu ebyali bisinga okuba eby'ebbeeyi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia (12/08) |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625080205/https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |archive-date=25 June 2020 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> '''Okukola ku nsonga z'abantu''' Mu Gwomukaaga 1990, obwegugungo obwali buwakanya Kaunda bwatandika era abeekalakaasi bangi battibwa gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2020 |title=About Zambia |url=http://www.psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509233410/http://psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-date=9 May 2016 |access-date=20 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bartlett |first=David M. C. |date=2000 |title=Civil Society and Democracy: A Zambian Case Study |journal=Journal of Southern African Studies |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=429–446 |doi=10.1080/030570700750019655 |issn=0305-7070 |jstor=2637411 |s2cid=143480603}}</ref>Mu 1990, Kaunda yawona okulumbibwa amagye, era mu 1991, yakkiriza okuzzaawo enfuga ey'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, oluvannyuma lw'okussaawo enfuga ey'ekibiina ekimu wansi w'akakiiko ka Choma aka 1972. Oluvannyuma lw'okulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, Kaunda yaggyibwa mu woofiisi oluvannyuma lw'okuwangulwa mu kulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi Frederick Chiluba. Mu myaka gya 2000, ebyenfuna byanywerera, ne bituuka ku kweyongera kw'ebbeeyi y'ebintu mu 2006–2007, okweyongera kw'ebyenfuna, okukendeera kw'amagoba, n'okweyongera kw'omutindo gw'ebyobusuubuzi. Bingi ku kukulaakulana kuno kuvudde ku kusiga ensimbi okuva ebweru mu by'okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka n'okweyongera kw'emiwendo gy'ekikomo mu nsi yonna. Bino byonna byaleetera Zambia okusikirizibwa ennyo abagabi b'obuyambi era ne kireetera abasiga nsimbi okwongera okwesiga eggwanga lino. == Ebyobufuzi == Ebyobufuzi mu Zambia bitambulira mu nkola ey'omukulembeze w'eggwanga omukiise mu demokulasiya ow'eggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo, omukulembeze wa Zambia y'akulira eggwanga era akulira gavumenti mu ggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo. Gavumenti ekozesa obuyinza obw'okuteeka mu nkola, ate obuyinza obw'okukola amateeka buweebwa gavumenti ne paalamenti. Zambia yafuuka repubuliki oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu Gwekkumi 1964. Okuva mu 2011 okutuuka mu 2014, pulezidenti wa Zambia yali Michael Sata, okutuusa Sata lwe yafa nga 28 Ogwekkumi 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zambian President Michael Sata dies in London - BBC News|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705073526/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-date=2017-07-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=BBC News|language=en-GB}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Sata, omumyuka wa pulezidenti Guy Scott, Omuzambia ow'ensibuko y'Abasikawutu, yafuuka omukungu akola nga pulezidenti. Okulonda kwa pulezidenti kwaliwo nga 22 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015. Omugatte gw’abantu 11 abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti be beesimbawo mu kulonda era nga 24 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015, kyalangirirwa nti Edgar Chagwa Lungu yali awangudde okulonda okufuuka pulezidenti ow’omukaaga. Yawangula ebitundu 48.33% eby’obululu, ng’obululu 1.66% bwali bumusinga ku munnabyabufuzi akyasinze okuvuganya gavumenti, Hakainde Hichilema, eyafuna ebitundu 46.67%.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Defence Minister Lungu wins Zambia's disputed presidential race|url=http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305065726/http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-date=2016-03-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=Yahoo News|language=en-US}}</ref>Abantu abalala mwenda abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti baafuna obululu obutaweza na bitundu 1% ku bululu bwonna. Mu kulonda pkwaliwo mu Gwomunaana 2016 Zambian general election pulezidenti Edgar Lungu yawangula okulonda okw’omulundi ogw’okubiri. Omukago ogutaba ebibiina by’ebyobufuzi ogwa Patriotic Front (PF) gwagaana ebyali byogerwa ab’oludda oluvuganya gavumenti, UPND party.<ref name="bbc-15aug2016">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|title=Zambia's President Edgar Lungu declared election winner|work=BBC News|date=15 August 2016|access-date=17 May 2021|archive-date=26 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026223033/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021, okwalimu abalonzi 70% ku abo abaali basuubirwa, Hakainde Hichilema yawangula ebitundu 59% eby’obululu, ng’omuvuganya we eyali asingayo okuba ow’amaanyi, Edgar Chagwa Lungu, eyali pulezidenti mu kiseera ekyo, yafuna ebitundu 39% eby’obululu.<ref name="zm-elec-39">{{Cite news|url=https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm|title=Presidential Election Results|work=Electoral Commission of Zambia|date=16 August 2021|access-date=27 December 2021|archive-date=2 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102194510/https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm/}}</ref> Nga 16 Ogwomunaana Edgar Lungu yakkiriza mu kiwandiiko kye yafulumya ku ttivi, ng’aweereza ebbaluwa era ng’ayozayoza pulezidenti omulonde Hakainde Hichilema.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-08-16|title=Zambia election: Hakainde Hichilema beats President Edgar Lungu|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|access-date=2021-08-16|archive-date=24 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824152003/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|last=Kabwe|first=Zitto|author-link=Zitto Kabwe|user=zittokabwe|number=1426967254986629126|date=15 August 2021|title=#Zambia President @EdgarCLungu has conceded in a letter sent to now president elect @HHichilema of @UPNDZM. Once again Zambia has shown the world the level of its democratic maturity. Peaceful transfer of power is happening for third time in history. Congratulations Zambians|language=en|access-date=30 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827180204/https://twitter.com/zittokabwe/status/1426967254986629126|archive-date=27 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomunaana 2021, Hakainde Hichilema yalayizibwa nga pulezidenti wa Zambia omuggya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2021 |title=Zambia's Hakainde Hichilema sworn in as President in rare victory for an African opposition leader |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116213703/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |archive-date=16 November 2021 |access-date=16 November 2021}}</ref> '''Amaggye''' Mu 2019, Zambia yassa omukono ku ndagaano ya UN ekwata ku Kuziyiza eby'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa ebya Nukiriya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2017 |title=Chapter XXVI: Disarmament&nbsp;– No. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806220546/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |archive-date=6 August 2019 |access-date=18 October 2019 |publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection}}</ref> '''Amateeka n'eddembe ly'obuntu''' Gavumenti evunaanye abavumirira nga bakozesa ebigambo by'amateeka nti baali bawabya abantu. Amateeka agakwata ku kuwandiika ebintu ebikyamu gakozesebwa okukugira eddembe ly'okwogera ne bannamawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2015 |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225030706/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-date=2021-02-25 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=2009-2017.state.gov}}</ref> Ebikolwa eby'okweganza wakati w'abantu ab'ekikula ekimu kimenya mateeka eri abasajja n'abakazi mu Zambia.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 May 2016 |title=State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition |url=http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902183618/http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |archive-date=2 September 2017 |access-date=29 July 2017 |website=[[International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Daniel|last=Avery|title=71 Countries Where Homosexuality is Illegal|url=https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|work=Newsweek|date=4 April 2019|access-date=18 August 2019|archive-date=11 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211204842/https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|url-status=live}}</ref> Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu 2010 kwalaga nti ebitundu 2% ebya Bannansi ba Zambia bakitwala nti okulya ebisiyaga tekirina buzibu bwonna ku mpisa.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Meyer |first1=Birgit |date=2021 |title=What Is Religion in Africa? Relational Dynamics in an Entangled World |journal=Journal of Religion in Africa |publisher=Brill |volume=50 |issue=1–2 |pages=156–181 |doi=10.1163/15700666-12340184 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2019, kyategeezebwa nti Omubaka wa Amerika mu Zambia Daniel Lewis Foote "yakwatibwa ensisi" olw'engeri Zambia gy'ekuumamu abalyi b'ebisiyaga mu makomera. Oluvannyuma lw'okujulira ne kulema era nga n'abafumbo bano Japhet Chataba ne Steven Samba baasalirwa ekibonerezo kya kusibibwa emyaka 15 mu makomera, Foote yasaba gavumenti ya Zambia okuddamu okwekenneenya omusango guno n'amateeka ga Zambia agalwanyisa ebisiyaga. Foote yafuna obuzibu era n'asazaamu okujja mu bantu oluvannyuma lw'okutiisibwatiisibwa ku mikutu gya yintaneeti, era oluvannyuma lw'okulangirirwa Lungu nti y'omuntu ataagalwa mu ggwanga eryo.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 December 2019 |title=US recalls ambassador to Zambia after gay rights row |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231195603/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |archive-date=31 December 2019 |access-date=12 January 2020 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 2026, gavumenti ya Zambia yavumirirwa olw'okwongezaayo olukiiko olw'amaanyi olw'ensi yonna olw'eddembe ly'obuntu, RightsCon, ennaku musanvu zokka nga tezinnatuuka okubeerawo mu Lusaka. Olukiiko olwo oluvannyuma lwasazibwamu oluvannyuma lw'okumanya nti gavumenti ya Zambia yali esaba, kirabika nga kya kusaba kw'abakungu ba China, okulungamya n'okuggyako aboogezi okuva e Taiwan. Abakugu baayogedde ku kweraliikirira olw'okulondoola n'okweyongera kw'obulabe eri ebitongole by'obwanakyewa.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gault ·|first1=Matthew|title=World's Largest Digital Human Rights Conference Suddenly Canceled|url=https://www.404media.co/rightscon-human-rights-conference-suddenly-postponed/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=404 Media|date=29 April 2026|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Elliott|first1=Vittoria|title=The Chinese Government Just Got the World's Largest Digital Rights Conference Canceled|url=https://www.wired.com/story/the-chinese-government-pressured-zambia-to-cancel-the-worlds-largest-digital-rights-conference/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Wired|date=1 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hendrix|first1=Justin|title=RightsCon Canceled After Zambia Requires 'Full Alignment' With 'National Values'|url=https://www.techpolicy.press/rightscon-canceled-after-zambia-requires-full-alignment-with-national-values/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Tech Policy Press|date=30 April 2026|language=en}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo by'abantu''' Okusinziira ku kubala abantu okwa 2022 mu Zambia, omuwendo gw'abantu mu Zambia gwali 19,610,769.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia's Population up to 19,610,769 in 2022 from 13,092,666 in 2010 – Zambia Statistics Agency |url=https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305022051/https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |archive-date=5 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ebibinja by'abantu ebisinga obunene mu Zambia beebo abayitibwa Bemba obukadde 3.3 (33.6%), Nyanja obukadde 1.8 (18.2%), Tonga obukadde 1.7 (16.8%), Abantu ab’omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba 1,000,000 (10.3%), Abalozii (Barotse) 770,000 (7.8%), Abamabwe 580,000 (5.9%), Abatumbuka 500,000 (5.1%), Abalamba 165,000 (2%), Abayindi 11,900 n’Abazungu 6,200.<ref>{{cite journal |date=2 November 2023 |title=Zambia |url=https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909114747/https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |archive-date=9 September 2023 |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=minorityrights.org}}</ref> Zambia y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubeeramu abantu mu bibuga mu Afirika eri wansi wa Sahara, ng'ebitundu 44% eby'abantu babeera mu bitundu ebisinga okubeeramu entambula, so ng'ate ebyalo birimu abantu batono nnyo. Omuwendo gw'abaana abazaalibwa gwali 6.2 mu 2007 (6.1 mu 1996, 5.9 mu 2001–02).<ref>{{cite web |title=Welcome to the Official site of Zambian Statistics |url=http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113144454/http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-date=13 November 2014 |access-date=11 April 2014 |publisher=Zamstats.gov.zm}}</ref> '''Ebibuga ebisinga obunene''' Okutandika kw'okuyiikuula ekikomo mu makolero ku Copperbelt mu myaka gya 1920 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga. Wadde ng'okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga kwali kuteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, kyali kinene nnyo.[1] Ebibuga ebikolebwamu eby'obugagga ku Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali eteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, yali nnene nnyo.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Potts |first=Deborah |date=2005 |title=Counter-urbanisation on the Zambian Copperbelt? Interpretations and implications |journal=Urban Studies |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=583–609 |bibcode=2005UrbSt..42..583P |doi=10.1080/00420980500060137 |s2cid=154412136}}</ref> Ebibuga ebirimu ebirombe bya Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali y'etoloolera ku gaali z'omukka n'enguudo okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwe bironbe bya kkoppa okuyita mu Kapiri Mposhi, Lusaka, Choma ne Livingstone. '''Ebibinja by'abantu''' Zambia elimu ebika nga 73,<ref name="BritannicaPeople">{{Cite web |title=Zambia – People |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambia/People |access-date=1 October 2024 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref><ref name="epr">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> wadde mu nkola waliwo ebibinja ebitono ebirabika obulungi.[2] Abazambia abasinga boogera Olubantu.<ref name="epr2">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ebibinja ebisinga obunene mu lulimi bye Bemba, Nyanja (era ekiyitibwa Chewa), ne Tonga; ebibinja ebirala ebitali binene nnyo bye Kaonde, Lozi, Luanda, ne Luvale.[2]<ref name="epr" /> Mu 2010, omuwendo gw'abantu gwateeberezebwa okuba ebitundu 21% Bemba, ebitundu 13.6% Tonga, ebitundu 7.4% Chewa, ebitundu 5.7% Lozi, ebitundu 5.3% Nsenga, ebitundu 4.4% Tumbuka, ebitundu 4.0% Ngoni, ne 38.6% abalala.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Bemba kye kisinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkono, Luapula, ne Copperbelt; ekibinja kya Tonga mu bitundu by'Obukiikaddyo, n'eby'Obugwanjuba; n'ekibinja kya Lozi mu bitundu by'Obugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Tumbuka ekitono ennyo kisangibwa mu kiwonvu kya Luangwa mu Buvanjuba.[2] Tewali kibinja ky'abantu aboogera olulimi olumu abasinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ebitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba tebirimu bantu bangi nnyo.<ref name="epr3">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ng’oggyeko olulimi, obuwangwa bukulu mu Zambia.<ref name="epr3" />Obuwangwa buno batera okubukwataganya n’obwesigwa bw’amaka oba n’ab’obuyinza eb'ennono. Obuwangwa buno busengekeddwa mu bibinja by’ennimi ebikulu.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Posner |first=Daniel N. |date=2005-06-06 |title=Institutions and Ethnic Politics in Africa |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-83398-1 |language=en |doi=10.1017/CBO9780511808661 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083432/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |archive-date=2023-03-21}}</ref> Abagwiira, okusingira ddala Abangereza oba Aba South Afrika, wamu n'abamu ku bannansi ba Zambia abeeru Abazungu abava mu Bungereza, babeera nnyo mu Lusaka ne mu Copperbelt mu Bukiikakkono bwa Zambia, gye baba nga bakola mu birombe, mu by'ensimbi n'emirimu emirala egifaananako bwe gityo oba nga bawummudde. Waaliwo Abazungu 70,000 mu Zambia mu 1964, naye bangi okuva olwo bavudde mu ggwanga.<ref name="Zambia" /> Zambia erina abantu abatono naye nga balina omugaso mu byenfuna abava mu Asia, abasinga obungi ku bo Buhindi ne Bachina. Ekibinja kino eky’abantu abatono ky'ekikyasinze okufuga eby’enfuna nga kye kikola ku by’okutunda ebintu. Kiteeberezebwa nti Abachina nga 80,000 be baali babeera mu Zambia mu 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ZAMBIA: Zambians wary of |url=http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910230935/http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-date=2011-09-10 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=IRINnews}}</ref> Mu myaka egiyise, ebikumi n’ebikumi by’abalimi abazungu abaali bagobeddwa mu Zimbabwe baasengukira e Zambia oluvannyuma lw’okuyitibwa gavumenti ya Zambia, okutandika okulima mu matwae g'omu Bukiikaddyo.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zim's Loss, Zam's gain: White Zimbabweans making good in Zambia|date=June 2004|newspaper=The Economist|access-date=28 August 2009|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110215085211/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-date=15 February 2011}}</ref><ref name="Spiegel">{{Cite news|title=Settling in Zambia: Zimbabwe's Displaced Farmers Find a New Home|last=Thielke|first=Thilo|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|date=27 December 2004|access-date=28 August 2009|periodical=[[Der Spiegel]]|archive-date=19 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619050250/http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza okwalebwa ku banoonyi b'obubuddamu mu 2009 ekyakubibwa akakiikio ka America akavunanyizibwa ku banoonyi b'obubudamu n'abagwiira eka U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, Zambia yalina omuwendo gw’abanoonyi b’obubudamu n’abanoonya obubudamu nga bali 88,900. Abanoonyi b’obubudamu abasinga obungi mu ggwanga baava mu Democratic Republic of the Congo (ababundabunda 47,300 okuva mu DRC ng'ababeera mu Zambia mu 2007), Angola (27,100 Bannangola Zambia), Zimbabwe (5,400) ne Rwanda (4,900).<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009">{{cite news|title=World Refugee Survey 2009|publisher=U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants|url=http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211175633/http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-date=11 December 2013}}</ref> Bannansi ba Zambia okutwaliza awamu baaniriza abagwira. Okutandika mu Gwokutaano 2008, omuwendo gw'Abazimbabwe mu Zambia gwatandika okulinnya ennyo; okuyingira kwali kusinga kw'Abazimbabwe abaali babeera mu South Africa abaali badduka obutabanguko obwali mu ggwanga eryo.<ref name="IRIN">{{Cite news|title=Zambia: Rising levels of resentment towards Zimbabweans|date=9 June 2008|access-date=7 August 2023|periodical=[[The New Humanitarian|IRIN News]]|url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2008/06/09/rising-levels-resentment-towards-zimbabweans|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930005909/http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=78648|archive-date=2009-09-30}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Kumpi abanoonyi b'obubudamo 60,000 babeera mu nkambi mu Zambia, ate 50,000 babeera mu bantu ba bulijjo. Abanoonyi b'obubudamo abaagala okukola mu Zambia balina okusaba olukusa saako n'ebiwandiiko ebikukkiriza okukola nga bino biyinza okutwala ddoola 500 buli mwaka.<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009" /> '''Eddiini''' Zambia mu butongole "eggwanga ery'Ekiikuristaayo" wansi wa Ssemateeka w'eggwanga owa 1996, naye essa ekitiibwa mu kukuuma eddembe ly'eddiini n'okusinza.<ref>{{cite web |date=30 June 2008 |title=Constitution of Zambia, 1991(Amended to 1996) |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105055544/http://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |archive-date=5 November 2012 |access-date=18 December 2012 |publisher=Scribd.com}}</ref> Zambia lye ggwanga lyokka mu Afirika erirangirira Obukristaayo ng'eddiini y'eggwanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Haynes |first=N. |date=2021 |title=Taking Dominion in a Christian Nation: North American Political Theology in an African Context |journal=Pneuma |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=214–232 |doi=10.1163/15700747-bja10036 |hdl=20.500.11820/48b556a6-cf81-4058-bf5b-894934a35ca0 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ekitongole kya Zambia ekivunaanyizibwa ku kubala abantu ekya Zambia Statistics Agency mu 2022 kyabalirira nti 98.0% ku Bannazambia Bakristaayo, nga 74.5% Bapulotesitanti, 17.9% Bakatoliki ate 5.6% Bajulirwa ba Yakuwa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2025-07-24 |title=RELIGIOUS LANDSCAPE OF ZAMBIA: AN ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF THE 2022 CENSUS FINDINGS |url=https://www.amulufeblog.com/2025/07/religious-landscape-of-zambia.html |access-date=2026-02-12 |website=Amulufeblog |language=en}}</ref> Enzikiriza z'ekikulisitaayo mu Zambia mulimu Apolotesitante, Abavangelika saako n'Abapentecoote.<ref name=":1" /> Obukristaayo bwatuuka mu Zambia okuyita mu bufuzi bw'amatwale obw'Abazungu, era enjawulo yaakyo ey'ebibiina eby'enjawulo eraga enkyukakyuka mu nkola y'obuminsani; okugeza, Obukatoliki bwava mu Mozambique ey'Abaportugalezi mu Buvanjuba, so ng'Obulokole bwava mu Bungereza mu Bukiikaddyo. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu 1964, Zambia yalaba okweyongera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibiina by'obuminsani ebirala okuva mu bitundu by'ensi ebitali bimu, naddala Amerika ey'Obukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. Mu byasa ebyaddirira, emirimu gy'obuminsani egy'Abazungu egyaddira abakkiriza ab'omu kitundu (okuggyako ebifo ebimu eby'obuminsani, gamba ng'abasawo). Oluvannyuma lwa Frederick Chiluba, Omukulisitaayo Omukristaayo, okufuuka pulezidenti mu 1991, ebibiina by'obuminsani eby'Abazungu byeyongera nnyo okwetooloola Zambia okuva mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu 1964, Zambia yalaba okweyongera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibiina by'obuminsani eby'Abazungu okuva mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani.<ref name="pentecostal">{{cite book |last=Steel |first=Matthew |year=2005 |title=Pentecostalism in Zambia: Power, Authority and the Overcomers |publisher=University of Wales |id=MSc Dissertation}}</ref> Eddiini z'Ekikristaayo ezimu ezirina abagoberezi batono mu nsi yonna zimanyiddwa nnyo mu Zambia. Eggwanga lino lirina abantu abawerako ab'enzikiriza y'eki Adiventi nga mu bibala ku Bazambia 18 osangamu 1 omu Adiventi.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 October 2012 |title=Zambia Union Conference&nbsp;– Adventist Directory |url=http://www.adventistdirectory.org/ViewAdmField.aspx?AdmFieldID=ZAUM |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427045842/https://www.adventistdirectory.org/ViewAdmField.aspx?AdmFieldID=ZAUM |archive-date=27 April 2023 |access-date=18 December 2012 |publisher=Adventistdirectory.org}}</ref> Ekkanisa y'Abalokole eya Central Africa erimu abagoberezi abasukka mu 11,000 mu ggwanga.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lutheran Church of Central Africa: Zambia |url=http://www.celc.info/site/cpage.asp?sec_id=180010197&cpage_id=180031341 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131193035/http://www.celc.info/site/cpage.asp?sec_id=180010197&cpage_id=180031341 |archive-date=31 January 2017 |publisher=Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference}}</ref> Abantu abasukka mu bitundu 12 ku buli kikumi mu Zambia basabira mu Kkanisa ya New Apostostoc Church.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hayashida |first=Nelson Osamu |date=1999 |title=Dreams in the African Literature: The Significance of Dreams and Visions Among Zambian Baptists |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CkNC6-Wmga4C&q=One+in+11+Zambians+is+a+member+of+the+New+Apostolic+Church&pg=PA36 |publisher=Rodopi |isbn=978-90-420-0596-9 |language=en |access-date=3 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518182155/https://books.google.com/books?id=CkNC6-Wmga4C&q=One+in+11+Zambians+is+a+member+of+the+New+Apostolic+Church&pg=PA36#v=snippet&q=One%20in%2011%20Zambians%20is%20a%20member%20of%20the%20New%20Apostolic%20Church&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nga balina abagoberezi abasukka mu kakadde kamu mu emitwalo abiri, eggwanga lirimu ekibiina ky'Abaseveniside ekisinga obunene mu Afirika, okuva ku bantu abasukka mu bukadde mwenda mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Membership figures of the global Church as at the end of 2009: New Apostolic Church International (NAC) |url=http://www.nak.org/news/naci-news/article/16710/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626032545/http://www.nak.org/news/naci-news/article/16710/ |archive-date=26 June 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.nak.org}}</ref> Abantu nga 2.7% ku Bannazambia Basiraamu, abasinga obungi nga Basunni n’abalala abatonotono nga Abaismaili ne Twelver Shia.<ref name="2023RIRF">{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2023-report-on-international-religious-freedom/zambia/ |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=United States Department of State |language=en-US}}</ref> Abasiraamu abali mu Zambia, abalina okubalibwa okw’omulundi ogumu nga 100,000 okusinziira ku kuteebereza okumu okwakolebwa, bazingiramu abanoonyi b’obubudamu okuva e Congo ne [[Somalia]], awamu n’abagwiira okuva mu South Asia ne mu ddungu ly'ebuwalabu abafuuse Bannazambia.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> Abahindu, abasinga obungi nga ba South Asian ancestry, baali nga 10,000 okusinziira ku kuteebereza okumu okwakolebwa, mu 2019.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> Ku ntikko y'akyo mu myaka gya 1960, Abayudaaya abaali mu Zambia abaali bawerera ddala 10,000 ng'abasinga baali basibuka mu Lithuania, Latvia ne Bugirimaani,<ref>{{cite web |last=Tutton |first=Mark |date=19 January 2012 |title=The forgotten story of Zambia's Jewish settlers |url=https://www.cnn.com/2012/01/19/world/africa/zambia-jewish-history/index.html |access-date=17 February 2025 |work=CNN}}</ref>okuva mu 2012 baali batono ddala okusinga Abazambia Abayudaaya ng'abasinga ku bbo baali bawangalira mu Lusaka mu matwale g'Obukiikakkono. Mu Zambia mulimu abantu batono ab'enzikiriza ya Baha ne Buddhists saako ne Sikhs.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> '''Ennimi''' Omuwendo omutuufu ogw'ennimi za Zambia tegumanyiddwa, wadde ng'ebiwandiiko bingi bigamba nti Zambia erina ennimi 73 ez’enjawulo; omuwendo guno guyinza okuba nga guva ku butawulira njawulo wakati w’ennimi n’ebigambo ebikozesebwa eby'enjawulo, nga basinziira ku kuba nti abantu basobola okutegeeragana nga boogera ennimi ez’enjawulo. Okusinziira ku kino, omuwendo gw’ennimi za Zambia guyinza okuba nga guli wakati wa 20 oba 30.<ref name="Chanda, Vincent M., and, Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. 2013 1–173">{{Cite book |author1=Chanda, Vincent M. |year=2013 |title=Speak Zambian Languages: Phrase Book in Bemba, Kaonde, Lozi, Luvale, Lunda, Nyanja and Tonga, all in one |author2=Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson |publisher=UNZA Press |isbn=978-9982-03-073-1 |location=Lusaka, Zambia |pages=1–173}}</ref> Olulimi olutongole mu Zambia lwe Lungereza, olukozesebwa mu bizinensi entongole, eby'enjigiriza, n’amateeka.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" />Olulimi olusinga okwogerwa mu Zambia, naddala mu Lusaka, lwe Lunyaanja (Chewa), oluddako Bemba. Mu birombe bya koppa, Bemba lwe lulimi olusinga okwogerwa era oluddako Nyanja. Olunyaanja n’Olubemba bye byogerwa mu bitundu eby’omu bibuga, okugatta ku nnimi endala eza wano ezaatera okwogerwa mu Zambia. Zino mulimu Lozi, Tumbuka, Kaonde, Tonga, Lunda ne Luvale, ezaalagibwa ku Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation (ZNBC) mu kitundu ky’ennimi za wano.<ref name="BritannicaPeople2">{{Cite web |title=Zambia – People |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambia/People |access-date=1 October 2024 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Chanda, Vincent M., and, Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. 2013 1–1732">{{Cite book |author1=Chanda, Vincent M. |year=2013 |title=Speak Zambian Languages: Phrase Book in Bemba, Kaonde, Lozi, Luvale, Lunda, Nyanja and Tonga, all in one |author2=Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson |publisher=UNZA Press |isbn=978-9982-03-073-1 |location=Lusaka, Zambia |pages=1–173}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. |year=2015 |title=The State of Affairs of Cultural Literacy in Zambia's Multicultural Education System. In A. L. Jotia and J. Dudu (Ed.), Multicultural Education Discourses: Breaking Barriers of Exclusion in Selected African Contexts |publisher=Zebra publishing (Pty) LTD |isbn=978-99945-84-99-4 |location=Windhoek, Namibia |pages=190–204}}</ref> Abasinga obungi bajja kwogera Olubemba n'Olunyanja mu Copperbelt; Olunyanja lusinga kwogerwa mu Lusaka ne mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia. Oluzungu lukozesebwa mu mpuliziganya entongole era lwe lulimi olusinga okwogerwa mu maka mu bantu abava mu mawanga ag'enjawulo. Okumelukawo kuno mu nnimi ereetedde olulimi olwogerwa mu Lusaka ne mu bibuga ebirala ebikulu. Abasinga obungi mu Zambia batera okwogera ennimi ezisukka mu lumu: olulimi olutongole, Oluzungu, n'olulimi olusinga okwogerwa mu kibuga oba mu kitundu gye babeera. Olupotugo luyigirizibwa ng'olulimi olw'okubiri mu masomo g'essomero olw'okubeerawo kw'Abangereza aboogera Olupotugo abangi mu Zambia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Actualités Afrique - Economie, sport, santé, politique |url=http://www.afriquejet.com/news/africa-news/zambia-to-introduce-portuguese-into-school-curriculum-2009041825794.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121208151924/http://www.afriquejet.com/news/africa-news/zambia-to-introduce-portuguese-into-school-curriculum-2009041825794.html |archive-date=2012-12-08 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.afriquejet.com |language=fr-fr}}</ref> '''Eby'enjigiriza''' Eddembe okufuna obuyigirize obwenkanankana era obumala eri bonna kikuumibwa mu ssemateeka wa Zambia.<ref>{{cite web |date=1996 |title=Laws of Zambia |url=http://www.parliament.gov.zm/acts/volumes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307105357/http://www.parliament.gov.zm/acts/volumes |archive-date=7 March 2016 |access-date=27 January 2016 |website=National Assembly of Zambia}}</ref> Etteeka ly’Obuyigirize erya 2011 likugira obuyigirize obwenkanankana era obw’omutindo.<ref>{{cite web |date=2011 |title=The Education Act (2011) |url=http://www.parliament.gov.zm/node/3324 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203063439/http://www.parliament.gov.zm/node/3324 |archive-date=3 February 2016 |access-date=27 January 2016 |website=National Assembly of Zambia}}</ref> Omutindo gw’obuyivu bw’olulimi Olungereza nga bwe gwali mu 2018 guli ebitundu 86.7%. Ensaasaanya ya gavumenti eya buli mwaka ku by'enjigiriza ebadde ya njawulo nnyo. Nga bwe kiri ebitundu ku mbalirira ya gavumenti, kyali ebitundu 19.6% mu 2006, ebitundu 15.3% mu 2011, n'ebitundu 20.2% mu 2015.<ref name="WorldBank_2015">{{cite report|author=<!--none listed-->|date=December 2015|title=Education Public Expenditure Review in Zambia|url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/431421468000590726/pdf/103870-PUB-PUBLIC-Education-Public-Expenditure-Review-in-Zambia.pdf|publisher=World Bank Group|page=36|access-date=2024-01-16|archive-date=16 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116202228/https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/431421468000590726/pdf/103870-PUB-PUBLIC-Education-Public-Expenditure-Review-in-Zambia.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Okutuuka mu 2020, ensaasaanya ku by'enjigiriza yali ebitundu 3.7% ku GDP. '''Eby'obulamu''' Zambia eri mu kiseera ky’okubalukawo kw’ekirwadde kya mukenenya, ng’omuwendo gw’abantu abalina akawuka ka mukenenya mu ggwanga lyonna guli ebitundu 12.10 ku buli kikumi mu bantu abakulu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Country Comparisons—HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/hiv-aids-adult-prevalence-rate/country-comparison |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425032850/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/hiv-aids-adult-prevalence-rate/country-comparison/ |archive-date=25 April 2022 |access-date=19 June 2021 |work=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |location=Langley, Virginia}}</ref> Kyokka, eggwanga lino likoze enkyukakyuka mu myaka ekkumi egiyise: Omuwendo gw’abantu abalina akawuka ka mukenenya mu bantu abakulu abali wakati w’emyaka 15–49 gukendedde okutuuka ku bitundu 13 ku buli kikumi mu 2013/14, bw’ogeraageranya n’ebitundu 16 ku buli kikumi emyaka nga kkumi emabega.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Children in Zambia |url=https://www.unicef.org/zambia/children-zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626221920/https://www.unicef.org/zambia/children-zambia |archive-date=26 June 2020 |access-date=27 May 2020 |publisher=UNICEF |language=en}}</ref> Ebiva mu bujjanjabi ebirala nabyo enkyukayuka ez'akolebwa, newankubadde nga bikyali bibi nnyo okusinzila ku mutindo gw’ensi yonna. Omuwendo gw’abantu abafa nga bazaala guli 135 ku buli kikumi mu 2020 nga bagerageranya n’abantu 169 mu 2014 ne 296 mu 2007;<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://genderdata.worldbank.org/en/economies/zambia#featured-indicators |access-date=2025-03-09 |website=World Bank Gender Data Portal |language=en}}</ref> mu myaka egyo emabega, omuwendo gw’abantu abafa nga bazaala guli 59.3 ku buli kikumi mu 2020 nga bagerageranya n’abantu 69.2 ne 93.3 mu 2014 ne 2007.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) |url=https://genderdata.worldbank.org/en/indicator/sh-dyn-mort?view=trend&gender=total&geos=ZMB |access-date=2025-03-09 |website=www.worldbank.org}}</ref> == Eby'enfuna == Mu 2022, Zambia ezitowa wakati w'obuwumbi bwa doolo 7.5 n'ebuwumbi 8 obuva mu by'obusuubuzi ebitundibwa w'abweru w'eggwanga buli mwaka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=International Trade Administration |date=2024-06-06 |title=Zambia - Market Overview |url=https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/zambia-market-overview |access-date=2024-06-23 |website=www.trade.gov |language=en}}</ref> Byonna awamu byali bibalirirwamu billiyooni doola 9.1 obuwumbi obw’ebintu ebifulumizibwa ebweru w'eggwanga mu 2018<ref>{{cite web |last1=Workman |first1=Daniel |title=Zambia's Top 10 Exports |url=http://www.worldstopexports.com/zambias-top-10-exports/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426214352/https://www.worldstopexports.com/zambias-top-10-exports/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=10 February 2020 |website=World's Top Exports}}</ref>M u 2015, abantu nga 54.4% baali babeera wansi w’oekigerogkyobwavu mu ggwanga, nga guno gwalongooka okuva ku 60.5% mu 2010.[3] Obwavu mu byalo bwali ku bitundu 76.6% ate mu bibuga bwali ku bitundu 23.4%.[3] Omutindo gw’obwavu mu ggwanga gwali ZMK 214 (US$12.85) buli mwezi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Poverty & Equity Brief: Zambia |url=https://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/poverty/33EF03BB-9722-4AE2-ABC7-AA2972D68AFE/Global_POVEQ_ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240207110244/https://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/poverty/33EF03BB-9722-4AE2-ABC7-AA2972D68AFE/Global_POVEQ_ZMB.pdf |archive-date=7 February 2024 |access-date=30 Dec 2021}}</ref> Okusinziira okwakasembayo mu 2018 okwakolebwa United Nations Development Programme, abantu 47.9% beeyongera okukosebwa obwavu obwengerera ddala.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 August 2022 |title=Zambia - Agriculture |url=https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/zambia-agriculture |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131162056/https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/zambia-agriculture |archive-date=31 January 2024 |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=International Trade Administration |language=en}}</ref> Zambia yali ku kifo kya 112 mu Index y’Ensi Yonna ey’Obuyiiya mu 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=GII Innovation Ecosystems & Data Explorer 2025 |url=https://www.wipo.int/gii-ranking/en/zambia |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=WIPO}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Dutta |first1=Soumitra |year=2025 |title=Global Innovation Index 2025: Innovation at a Crossroads |url=https://www.wipo.int/web-publications/global-innovation-index-2025/en/index.html |last2=Lanvin |first2=Bruno |publisher=[[World Intellectual Property Organization]] |isbn=978-92-805-3797-0 |page=19 |language=en |doi=10.34667/tind.58864 |access-date=2025-10-17}}</ref> Ebipimo by’abantu byeyongera okukka, naddala mu bipimo by’obulamu obusuubirwa ku kuzaalibwa (nga 40.9 emyaka) ne mu kufa kw’abakyala abali embuto (830 ku buli 100,000 abali embuto) mu 2007.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090303204041/http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/hdr_20072008_en_complete.pdf Human Development Report 2007/2008]. Palgrave Macmillan. 2007. {{ISBN|978-0-230-54704-9}}</ref> Mu 2023, obulamu obusuubirwa ku kuzaalibwa bwali bweyongeddeko okutuuka ku myaka nga 62.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Life expectancy at birth, total (years) - Zambia |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN?view=m&locations=ZM |access-date=2024-09-30 |website=World Bank Open Data}}{{Dead link|date=February 2026|bot=InternetArchiveBot}}</ref> Zambia yagwa mu bwavu oluvannyuma lw’emiwendo gya kkopa mu nsi yonna okukka mu myaka gya 1970. Gavumenti eyali ekulemberwa abantu abalina endowooza ez’enjawulo yagezaako okuzzaawo ssente ze yali efiiriddwa ng’eyita mu nteekateeka ez’enjawulo ezaali zitegekeddwa ekitongole ekya International Monetary Fund structural adjustment programmes (SAPs). Enkola ey’obutatunda ng’oyita mu kkubo erisinga okukozesebwa era nga lye kkubo ly’eggaali y’omukka erituuka ku nnyanja – ekitundu kino kyali kimanyiddwa nga Rhodesia (okuva mu 1965 okutuuka mu 1979), era nga kati kimanyiddwa nga Zimbabwe – kyafiiriza nnyo eby'enfuna. Oluvannyuma lw’obufuzi bwa Kaunda, (okuva mu 1991) gavumenti ez’enjawulo zaatandika okukola enkyukakyuka entonotono. Ebyenfuna byasigala mu kifo kyabyo okutuusa mu myaka gya 1990. Mu 2007 Zambia yafuna okukulaakulana mu byenfuna okumala okutuusa mu myaka gya 1990. Mu kiseera ekyo, ebbeeyi byali bingi nnyo ku bitundu by’abantu abali bavubuka. Mu kiseera ekyo, ebbeeyi byali bingi nnyo ku bitundu by’abantu abali bavubuka. == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] 2s4bwzi6w51vxr0hru516vxm4rcok5w 59383 59378 2026-07-06T17:40:24Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 59383 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Amawanga ga Luba-Lunda oluvannyuma gaakendeera olw'okutunda abaddu mu Atlantic mu Bugwanjuba ne mu Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba ne mu ntalo n'ebibinja ebyali byawuddwa ku bwakabaka. Aba Chokwe, ekibinja ekirina oluganda olw'okumpi ne Luvale era ne kitondebwawo ng'eggwanga lya Lunda satellite, mu kusooka gaakosebwa olw'obwetaavu bwabaddu eri Abazungu, naye bwe baawukana ku bwakabaka, bo bennyini baafuuka batunzi ba baddu abamanyiddwa ennyo, nga batunda abaddu ku mbalama zombi. Abachokwe oluvannyuma baawangulwa amawanga amalala n'Abaportugali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azuonye |first=Chukwuma |date=15 December 1996 |title=Chokwe: (Angola, Zambia) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ejao3vG6nfsC&pg=PA11 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-1990-1 |language=en}}</ref> Obutali butebenkevu buno bwaviirako okugwa kw'obwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'abantu okusaasaanira mu bitundu bya Zambia eby'enjawulo okuva mu Democratic Republic of the Congo. Abazambia abasinga obungi balina obuzaale mu bwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'obwakabaka obulala obuli mu Masekkati ga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1200, ng’eggwanga lya Luba-Lunda terinnatandikibwawo, ekibinja ky’aba Bantu baatandika okusenguka okuva mu Congo Basin okudda ku Nnyanja Mweru ate oluvannyuma ne basenga okumpi n’ennyanja Malawi. Abasenze bano balowoozebwa okuba nga baali abamu ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky’e Upemba mu Democratic Republic of Congo. Mu myaka gya 1400, ebibinja by’abasenze bano awamu baayitibwanga Maravi, era nga mu bo mwalimu Abachewa abaatandika okukoppa ebibinja by’aba Bantu nga Tumbuka.<ref name="Team">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 1480 Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwatandikibwawo kalonga (omukulu w'obwakabaka bwa Maravi) okuva mu kika kya Phiri, kimu ku bika ebikulu, ng'ebirala mulimu Banda, Mwale ne Nkhoma. Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwali buva ku Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Enkulaakulana y'ebyobufuzi ey'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi yali efaanana ey'Obwakabaka bwa Luba era kigambibwa nti bwavaayo. Ekyamaguzi ekikulu eky'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi kyali amasanga, agaatundibwanga okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Ekyuma nakyo kyakolebwanga era ne kitundibwa mu nsi endala. Mu myaka gya 1590, Abapotigo baagezaako okweddiza eby'obusuubuzi n’okutunda Maravi mu nsi endala. Okugezaako kuno kwaleetawo obusungu mu Maravi ab’e Lundu, abaasumulula eggye lyabwe erya WaZimba. WaZimba baalumba ebibuga by’Abapotigo eby’obusuubuzi nga Tete, Sena n’ebibuga ebirala bingi.<ref name="thinkafrica.net">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Abamaravi nabo bateeberezebwa okuba nga baaleeta obulombolombo obwandifuuse ekibiina kya Nyau eky'ekyama okuva e Upemba. Aba Nyau be bakola ku nzikiriza oba eddiini y'obuwangwa ey'abantu b'omu Maravi. Ekibiina kya Nyau kirimu okuzina okw'obulombolombo n'obukookolo obukozesebwa mu kuzina; enzikiriza eno yasaasaana okwetooloola ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maptia |title=The Secret Cult of Nyau Dancers |url=https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108130415/https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-date=8 November 2020 |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=Maptia |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwakendeera olw'enkaayana ezikwata ku busika mu mukago, okulumbibwa Ngoni n'okulumba abaddu okuva mu Yao.<ref name="thinkafrica.net2">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa ne Mfecane''' Ng'Obwakabaka bwa Great Zimbabwe bwali bukendedde, omu ku balangira baabwo, Nyatsimba Mutota, yava mu ggwanga n'atandikawo obwakabaka obupya obuyitibwa Mutapa. Ekitiibwa kya Mwene Mutapa, ekitegeeza "Omulumbaganyi w'Ensi", kyamuweebwa era n'abafuzi abaddirira.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mwene Matapa {{!}} historical dynastic title, southern Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520141810/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |archive-date=20 May 2023 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwafuganga ekitundu ekiri wakati w’Omugga Zambezi n’Omugga Limpopo, mu kitundu ekiriwo kati ekiyitibwa Zambia, Zimbabwe ne Mozambique, okuva mu kyasa ekya 14 okutuusa mu kyasa ekya 17. Mu ntikko yaabwo, Mutapa yali awambye ekitundu kya Dande eky’Omugga Tonga ne Tavara. Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwasinganga kwetaba mu by’obusuubuzi okusomoka Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okutuuka mu mawanga ag’omu Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Okufaananako abantu abaaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu mu Maravi, Mutapa yalina obuzibu n’abasuubuzi Abapotigo abaali bazze. Obutategeeragana buno we bwatuukira ku ntikko, Abapotigo baali bagezezzaako okukyusa mu nsonga z’omunda mu bwakabaka nga batandikawo obutale mu bwakabaka era nga bakyusa abantu okubayingiza Obukristaayo. Ekikolwa kino kyaleetawo obusungu mu Basiraamu AbaSwahili abaali babeera mu kibuga ekikulu, akavuyo kano kaawa Abapotigo ensonga gye baali banoonya okulumba obwakabaka era bagezeeko okufuga ebirombe by'abwo ebya zaabu n'enguudo awayitira amasanga. Obulumbaganyi buno bwagwa butaka Abapotigo bwe baalumbibwa endwadde nga bayita ku mugga Zambezi.<ref name="Mutapa">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1600 enkaayana ez'omunda n'olutalo lw'omunda byatandika okukendeera kwa Mutapa. Obwakabaka obwali bunafuye bwawangulwa Abapotigo era oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera bwatwalibwa amawanga ga Shona bwe baali bawalangana.<ref name="Mutapa2">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Abapotigo nabo baalina ettaka ddene, eryali limanyiddwa nga Prazos, era baakozesanga abaddu n'abaali abaddu ng'abakuumi n'abayizzi. Baatendekanga abasajja mu bukodyo bw'amagye era ne babawa emmundu. Abasajja bano baafuuka abayizzi b'enjovu abakugu era baali bamanyiddwa nga ba Chikunda. Oluvannyuma lw'okukendeera kw'Abapotigo, Chikunda baasobola okwesolossa munda mu Zambia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2019 |title=Chikunda |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227184451/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |archive-date=27 February 2021 |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Portugal okubeera mu kitundu ekyo kyali nsonga lwaki obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwatandikibwawo, eggwanga eryali lyetongodde ku Mutapa. Omukulembeze w'obwakabaka bwa Rozvi, Changamire Dombo, yafuuka omu ku bakulembeze abasingayo amaanyi mu byafaayo bya South-Central Africa. Wansi w'obukulembeze bwe, obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwawangula Abapotigo ne babaggya mu bifo mwe baali bakolera bizineesi ku mugga Zambezi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rozwi {{!}} historical state, Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125203243/https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |archive-date=25 January 2021 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Naye oboolyawo ekyokulabirako ekisinga okumanyibwa mu kino okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti kwe kweyongera kw’Abazulu wansi w’obukulembeze bwa Shaka. Okupikirizibwa okuva eri Abangereza abafuzi b’amatwale mu Cape ne okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti mu Bazulu kyavaako Mfecane (okunyigirizibwa). Abazulu beeyongera nga bayingiza abakazi n’abaana b’ebika bye baawangula, singa abasajja b’ebika bino ebya Nguni baawona okuttibwa, baakozesa obukodyo bw’amagye obw’Abazulu okulumba ebibinja ebirala.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Kino kyaviirako abantu bangi okusenguka, entalo n'obulumbaganyi mu Bukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati ne mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika nga ab'ekika kya Nguni oba Ngoni nga bakulembeddwamu Zwagendaba baasomoka omugga Zambezi nga batambulira mu Bukiikakkono. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni be baakuba ekibuga Maravi Empire ekyali kinafuye. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni abasinga obungi baasenga mu kitundu ekyali Zambia, [[Malawi]], [[Mozambique]] ne [[Tanzania]] era ne beegatta ku bika ebyali mu kitundu ekyo.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history2">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Zambia, ekibinja ekirala eky’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Afirika eky’Abasotho-Tswana abava mu Luba ne Lunda ezaagwa edda abayitibwa Abaluyana baawamba Kololo ne bamussaako olulimi Olukololo okutuusa Abaluyana lwe beekalakaasa ne baggyako Kololo mu kiseera kino olulimi Olukololo lwali lwerabiddwa era olulimi olupya olugattiddwa lwe lwavaamu, SiLozi era Abaluyana baatandika okweyita Abalozi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lozi {{!}} people |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528092724/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |archive-date=28 May 2023 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kya 18, Abamu ku Mbunda baasengukira mu Barotseland, Mongu oluvannyuma lw'okusenguka kw'abantu abalala, nga muno mwe muli, Ciyengele.<ref>'' The elites of Barotseland, 1878–1969: a political history of Zambia's Western Province'': a. Gerald L. Caplan, C. Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd, 1970, {{ISBN|0-900966-38-6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=maniacky |first=jacky |title=bantu zone K |url=http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140411045127/http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-date=2014-04-11 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.bantu-languages.com}}</ref> '''Ekiseera ky'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' '''Abazungu''' Omu ku Bulaaya abaasooka okuwandiikibwa nga baakyalako mu kitundu kino yali omuvumbuzi Omupotigo Francisco de Lacerda ku nkomerero y'ekyasa ekya 18. Lacerda yakulemberamu ekibinja ky'abavumbuzi okuva e Mozambique okutuuka mu kitundu ky'e Kazembe mu Zambia (nga balina ekiruubirirwa eky'okuvumbula n'okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa okuva ku lubalama lw'ennyanja okutuuka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja omulundi ogusooka),<ref>{{cite web |year=1798 |title=Instructions and Travel Diary that Governor Francisco Joze de Lacerda e Almeida Wrote about His Travel to the Center of Africa, Going to the River of Sena, in the Year of 1798 |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905135844/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |archive-date=5 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Library of Congress}}</ref> era n'afa mu kiseera ky'olugendo mu 1798. Olugendo luno okuva olwo lwakulemberwamu mukwano gwe Francisco Pinto.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hartnett |first=Craig |title=Portuguese Expedition to Northern Rhodesia, 1798–99 |url=http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924023553/http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Great North Road (GNR, Northern Rhodesia, Zambia) |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ekitundu kino, ekisangibwa wakati wa Mozambique ne [[Angola]], kyali kigambibwa nti kyali kya Bupotugo mu kiseera ekyo. Abalala abava mu Bulaaya baagoberera mu kyasa 19. Eyasinga okumanyika mu bano yali David Livingstone, eyalina okwolesebwa okw'okukomya okusuubula abaddu ng'ayita mu "3Cs": Obukristaayo, Ebyobusuubuzi, n'Obuwangwa. Ye Muzungu eyasooka okulaba ebisulo by'amazzi ebyewuunyisa ku Mugga Zambezi mu 1855, n'abyogerako bw'ati: "Ebifo ebirabika obulungi bityo biteekwa okuba nga byatunuulirwa bamalayika mu kudduka kwabwe".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Livingstone Discovers Victoria Falls, 1855 |url=http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522092057/http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |archive-date=22 May 2020 |access-date=28 May 2020 |website=EyeWitness to History}}</ref> Mu kitundu kino ebiyiriro bimanyiddwa nga "Mosi-o-Tunya" oba "omukka ogubwatuka" mu lulimi Lozi oba Kololo. Ekibuga Livingstone, okumpi n'ebiyiriro, kiyitibwa erinnya lye. Emboozi ezikwata ku ŋŋendo ze zaali zimanyiddwa nnyo ne kiviirako abagenyi bangi okuva mu Bulaaya, abaminsani, n'abasuubuzi oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwe mu 1873.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627015544/https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-date=27 June 2020 |website=The Provincial Administration Website}}</ref> '''Kampuni ya British South Africa Company''' Mu 1888, kampuni ya British South Africa Company (BSA Company), eyakulemberwa Cecil Rhodes, yafuna olukusa okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka okuva ku Litunga ow'abantu ba Lozi, omukulu w'essaza ly'abantu ba Lozi (Ba-rotse) mu kitundu ekyafuuka Barotziland-North-Western Rhodesia.<ref name="livingstone">{{cite web |author=Livingstone Tourism Association |title=Destination:Zambia&nbsp;– History and Culture |url=http://www.livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012153527/http://livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> Ebuvanjuba, mu Gwekkumineebiri 1897 ekibinja ky’Abangoni oba Abangoni (abaasibuka mu Zululand) beekalakaasa nga bakulemberwa Tsinco, mutabani wa Kabaka Mpezeni, naye obujeemu bwakomezebwawo,<ref name="unam">{{cite web |author1=Human Rights |author2=Documentation Centre |name-list-style=amp |title=Zambia: Historical Background |url=http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311093653/http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-date=11 March 2007 |access-date=14 January 2011}}</ref> era Mpezeni n’akkiriza Pax Britannica. Ekitundu ky’eggwanga ekyo kyatandika okumanyibwa nga Rhodesia ey'omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba. Mu 1895, Rhodes yasaba omusikawutu wa Omumerika Frederick Russell Burnham okunoonya eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka n’engeri y’okulongoosaamu entambula y’emigga mu kitundu ekyo, era mu lugendo luno mwe mwazuulibwa Frederick Russell Burnham eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka bingi ku mugga Kafue.<ref name="burnham1899">{{cite book |last=Burnham |first=Frederick Russell |author-link=Frederick Russell Burnham |year=1899 |title=Bulawayo Up-to-date; Being a General Sketch of Rhodesia |title-link=s:Northern Rhodesia |publisher=Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co. |editor-last=Wills |editor-first=Walter H. |pages=177–180 |chapter=Northern Rhodesia}}</ref> '''Obufuzi bw'amatwale ga Bungereza''' Mu 1953, okutondebwawo kwa Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland z'agatta wamu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono ne Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo, ne Nyasaland (kati Malawi) ng’ekitundu kimu ekyetongodde. Kino kyakolebwa wadde nga waaliwo okuwakanyizibwa okuva mu bantu abatono, abaakola okwekalakaasa okwaliwo mu 1960–61.<ref name="infoplease">{{cite web |author=Pearson Education |title=Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Federation of |url=http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012231959/http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> '''Obwetwaaze''' Omukago gwasaanyizibwawo nga 31 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, era mu Gwoluberyeberye 1964, Kaunda yawangula akalulu k'Obwaminisita bwa Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono. Gavana w'amatwale, Sir Evelyn Hone, yali mukwano nnyo gwa Kaunda era yamukubiriza okwesimbawo ku kifo ekyo. Mangu ddala oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, waaliwo okwekalakaasa mu Bukiikakkono bw'eggwanga eryo eryali limanyiddwa nga Lumpa Uprising nga lyali liduumirwa Alice Lenshina – Kaunda's first internal conflict as leader of the nation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2020 |title=Alice Lenshina |url=https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228081501/https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |archive-date=28 February 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=The British Empire}}</ref> Rhodesia yafuuka Republic of Zambia nga 24 Ogwekkumi 1964, nga Kenneth Kaunda ye pulezidenti eyasooka. Ku kufuna obwetwaze, wadde nga yalina ebyobugagga eby'omu ttaka ebingi, Zambia yasanga okusoomoozebwa okw'amaanyi. Munda mu ggwanga, waaliwo Abazambia abatendeke era abayivu abasukka mu 70,000 abaali basobola okuddukanya gavumenti, era ebyenfuna byali byesigamye nnyo ku bakugu okuva mu mawanga amalala. Obukugu buno bwaweebwa mu ngeri emu oba endala omubaka wa Bungereza mu Zambia John Willson.<ref>[http://www.chu.cam.ac.uk/archives/collections/BDOHP/Willson.pdf WILLSON, John Michael (born 15 July 1931)]{{Dead link|date=June 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}. BDOHP Biographical Details and Interview Index. chu.cam.ac.uk</ref> Waaliwo Abazungu abasukka mu 70,000 ababeera mu Zambia mu 1964, era baasigala nga ba mugaso nnyo mu byenfuna.<ref name="Zambia">{{Cite news|date=1964-10-25|title=1964: President Kaunda takes power in Zambia|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605125604/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-date=5 June 2013|access-date=2025-09-13|url-status=live|language=en-GB}}</ref> Kaunda okuwagira abayeekera ba Patriotic Front abaali bakola obulumbaganyi mu mawanga ag'omuliraano (Bukiikaddyo) Rhodesia kyaleetawo obunkenke mu by'obufuzi era ne kireetawo okukozesa amagye ku nsalo, era kino kyaviirako ensalo okuggalwa mu 1973.<ref name="blackfire">{{cite book |last=Raeburn |first=Michael |year=1978 |title=We are everywhere: Narratives from Rhodesian guerillas |url=https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-0-394-50530-5 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 1–209]}}</ref>Ebbibiro ly'amasannyalaze erya Kariba ku mugga Zambezi lyawa amasannyalaze agamala okukola ku byetaago by'eggwanga eby'amasannyalaze, wadde nga Rhodesia ye yali ekola ku by'amasannyalaze. Nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1978, ennyonyi ey'abantu ba bulijjo, Air Rhodesia Flight 825, yakubibwa amasasi okumpi ne Kariba abayeekera ba Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) abaakulemberwa Joshua Nkomo. Rhodesia yaddamu n'ekikwekweto kya Gatling, okulumba enkambi endala mu Zambia nga bakozesa amaanyi g'ennyonyi n'abajaasi abakugu mu kubuuka mu bbanga n'abajaasi abakugu mu kukozesa ennyonyi.<ref>{{cite web |title=GREEN LEADER. OPERATION GATLING, THE RHODESIAN MILITARY'S RESPONSE TO THE VISCOUNT TRAGEDY |url=http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125155440/http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-date=25 January 2017 |access-date=22 April 2017}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1970, Mozambique ne Angola zaali zifunye obwetwaze okuva ku Portugal. Gavumenti ya Rhodesia eyali esingamu abazungu, eyafulumya Ekirangiriro ky’Obwetwaze mu 1965, yakkiriza obufuzi obw’abantu abangi wansi w’Endagaano ya Lancaster House mu 1979.<ref name="zimstudy">{{cite book |last=Nelson |first=Harold |year=1983 |title=Zimbabwe: A Country Study |publisher=Claitors Publishing Division |isbn=978-0-16-001598-4 |pages=54–137}}</ref> Obukuubagano mu bitundu byombi ebyali bifugibwa Abapotigo n'olutalo lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwa [[Namibia]] byaviirako okuyingira kw'abanoonyi b'obubudamuera ne kyongera ku buzibu bw'ebyentambula. Oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Benguela, olwayita mu [[Angola]], lwaggalwawo ddala eri ebyentambula bya Zambia mu myaka gya 1970 egyali gisembayo. Zambia okuwagira ebibiina ebirwanyisa obusosoze mu mawanga nga African National Congress (ANC) era kyaleetawo obuzibu bw'ebyokwerinda ng'amagye ga South Africa Defence Force galumba ebifo ebitali bimu mu lutalo lw'okulwanyisa obwetwaze bwa Namibia.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Evans, M. |year=1984 |title=The Front-Line States, South Africa and Southern African Security: Military Prospects and Perspectives |url=http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/Journal%20of%20the%20University%20of%20Zimbabwe/vol12n1/juz012001002.pdf |journal=Zambezia |volume=12 |page=1}}</ref> '''Ebizibu by'ebyenfuna''' Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1970, omuwendo gwa kkopa, ekyamaguzi ekikulu ekiva mu Zambia, gwasereba nnyo mu nsi yonna. Mu mbeera ya Zambia, obungi bw'okutambuza kkopa eŋŋendo empanvu okutuuka mu katale kyali kizibu kinene. Zambia yasaba obuyambi okuva mu mawanga ag'ebweru n'ag'ensi yonna, naye, nga bbeeyi ya kkopa esigadde nga yasereba, kyeyongera okubeera ekizibu okusasula amabanja gaayo agaali geeyongera. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1990, wadde nga tewaaliwo kusonyiyibwa mabanja, ebbeyi ya kkopa eyali eva mu Zambia yali emu ku bintu ebyali bisinga okuba eby'ebbeeyi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia (12/08) |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625080205/https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |archive-date=25 June 2020 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> '''Okukola ku nsonga z'abantu''' Mu Gwomukaaga 1990, obwegugungo obwali buwakanya Kaunda bwatandika era abeekalakaasi bangi battibwa gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2020 |title=About Zambia |url=http://www.psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509233410/http://psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-date=9 May 2016 |access-date=20 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bartlett |first=David M. C. |date=2000 |title=Civil Society and Democracy: A Zambian Case Study |journal=Journal of Southern African Studies |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=429–446 |doi=10.1080/030570700750019655 |issn=0305-7070 |jstor=2637411 |s2cid=143480603}}</ref>Mu 1990, Kaunda yawona okulumbibwa amagye, era mu 1991, yakkiriza okuzzaawo enfuga ey'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, oluvannyuma lw'okussaawo enfuga ey'ekibiina ekimu wansi w'akakiiko ka Choma aka 1972. Oluvannyuma lw'okulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, Kaunda yaggyibwa mu woofiisi oluvannyuma lw'okuwangulwa mu kulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi Frederick Chiluba. Mu myaka gya 2000, ebyenfuna byanywerera, ne bituuka ku kweyongera kw'ebbeeyi y'ebintu mu 2006–2007, okweyongera kw'ebyenfuna, okukendeera kw'amagoba, n'okweyongera kw'omutindo gw'ebyobusuubuzi. Bingi ku kukulaakulana kuno kuvudde ku kusiga ensimbi okuva ebweru mu by'okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka n'okweyongera kw'emiwendo gy'ekikomo mu nsi yonna. Bino byonna byaleetera Zambia okusikirizibwa ennyo abagabi b'obuyambi era ne kireetera abasiga nsimbi okwongera okwesiga eggwanga lino. == Ebyobufuzi == Ebyobufuzi mu Zambia bitambulira mu nkola ey'omukulembeze w'eggwanga omukiise mu demokulasiya ow'eggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo, omukulembeze wa Zambia y'akulira eggwanga era akulira gavumenti mu ggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo. Gavumenti ekozesa obuyinza obw'okuteeka mu nkola, ate obuyinza obw'okukola amateeka buweebwa gavumenti ne paalamenti. Zambia yafuuka repubuliki oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu Gwekkumi 1964. Okuva mu 2011 okutuuka mu 2014, pulezidenti wa Zambia yali Michael Sata, okutuusa Sata lwe yafa nga 28 Ogwekkumi 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zambian President Michael Sata dies in London - BBC News|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705073526/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-date=2017-07-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=BBC News|language=en-GB}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Sata, omumyuka wa pulezidenti Guy Scott, Omuzambia ow'ensibuko y'Abasikawutu, yafuuka omukungu akola nga pulezidenti. Okulonda kwa pulezidenti kwaliwo nga 22 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015. Omugatte gw’abantu 11 abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti be beesimbawo mu kulonda era nga 24 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015, kyalangirirwa nti Edgar Chagwa Lungu yali awangudde okulonda okufuuka pulezidenti ow’omukaaga. Yawangula ebitundu 48.33% eby’obululu, ng’obululu 1.66% bwali bumusinga ku munnabyabufuzi akyasinze okuvuganya gavumenti, Hakainde Hichilema, eyafuna ebitundu 46.67%.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Defence Minister Lungu wins Zambia's disputed presidential race|url=http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305065726/http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-date=2016-03-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=Yahoo News|language=en-US}}</ref>Abantu abalala mwenda abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti baafuna obululu obutaweza na bitundu 1% ku bululu bwonna. Mu kulonda pkwaliwo mu Gwomunaana 2016 Zambian general election pulezidenti Edgar Lungu yawangula okulonda okw’omulundi ogw’okubiri. Omukago ogutaba ebibiina by’ebyobufuzi ogwa Patriotic Front (PF) gwagaana ebyali byogerwa ab’oludda oluvuganya gavumenti, UPND party.<ref name="bbc-15aug2016">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|title=Zambia's President Edgar Lungu declared election winner|work=BBC News|date=15 August 2016|access-date=17 May 2021|archive-date=26 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026223033/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021, okwalimu abalonzi 70% ku abo abaali basuubirwa, Hakainde Hichilema yawangula ebitundu 59% eby’obululu, ng’omuvuganya we eyali asingayo okuba ow’amaanyi, Edgar Chagwa Lungu, eyali pulezidenti mu kiseera ekyo, yafuna ebitundu 39% eby’obululu.<ref name="zm-elec-39">{{Cite news|url=https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm|title=Presidential Election Results|work=Electoral Commission of Zambia|date=16 August 2021|access-date=27 December 2021|archive-date=2 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102194510/https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm/}}</ref> Nga 16 Ogwomunaana Edgar Lungu yakkiriza mu kiwandiiko kye yafulumya ku ttivi, ng’aweereza ebbaluwa era ng’ayozayoza pulezidenti omulonde Hakainde Hichilema.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-08-16|title=Zambia election: Hakainde Hichilema beats President Edgar Lungu|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|access-date=2021-08-16|archive-date=24 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824152003/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|last=Kabwe|first=Zitto|author-link=Zitto Kabwe|user=zittokabwe|number=1426967254986629126|date=15 August 2021|title=#Zambia President @EdgarCLungu has conceded in a letter sent to now president elect @HHichilema of @UPNDZM. Once again Zambia has shown the world the level of its democratic maturity. Peaceful transfer of power is happening for third time in history. Congratulations Zambians|language=en|access-date=30 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827180204/https://twitter.com/zittokabwe/status/1426967254986629126|archive-date=27 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomunaana 2021, Hakainde Hichilema yalayizibwa nga pulezidenti wa Zambia omuggya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2021 |title=Zambia's Hakainde Hichilema sworn in as President in rare victory for an African opposition leader |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116213703/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |archive-date=16 November 2021 |access-date=16 November 2021}}</ref> '''Amaggye''' Mu 2019, Zambia yassa omukono ku ndagaano ya UN ekwata ku Kuziyiza eby'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa ebya Nukiriya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2017 |title=Chapter XXVI: Disarmament&nbsp;– No. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806220546/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |archive-date=6 August 2019 |access-date=18 October 2019 |publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection}}</ref> '''Amateeka n'eddembe ly'obuntu''' Gavumenti evunaanye abavumirira nga bakozesa ebigambo by'amateeka nti baali bawabya abantu. Amateeka agakwata ku kuwandiika ebintu ebikyamu gakozesebwa okukugira eddembe ly'okwogera ne bannamawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2015 |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225030706/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-date=2021-02-25 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=2009-2017.state.gov}}</ref> Ebikolwa eby'okweganza wakati w'abantu ab'ekikula ekimu kimenya mateeka eri abasajja n'abakazi mu Zambia.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 May 2016 |title=State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition |url=http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902183618/http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |archive-date=2 September 2017 |access-date=29 July 2017 |website=[[International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Daniel|last=Avery|title=71 Countries Where Homosexuality is Illegal|url=https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|work=Newsweek|date=4 April 2019|access-date=18 August 2019|archive-date=11 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211204842/https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|url-status=live}}</ref> Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu 2010 kwalaga nti ebitundu 2% ebya Bannansi ba Zambia bakitwala nti okulya ebisiyaga tekirina buzibu bwonna ku mpisa.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Meyer |first1=Birgit |date=2021 |title=What Is Religion in Africa? Relational Dynamics in an Entangled World |journal=Journal of Religion in Africa |publisher=Brill |volume=50 |issue=1–2 |pages=156–181 |doi=10.1163/15700666-12340184 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2019, kyategeezebwa nti Omubaka wa Amerika mu Zambia Daniel Lewis Foote "yakwatibwa ensisi" olw'engeri Zambia gy'ekuumamu abalyi b'ebisiyaga mu makomera. Oluvannyuma lw'okujulira ne kulema era nga n'abafumbo bano Japhet Chataba ne Steven Samba baasalirwa ekibonerezo kya kusibibwa emyaka 15 mu makomera, Foote yasaba gavumenti ya Zambia okuddamu okwekenneenya omusango guno n'amateeka ga Zambia agalwanyisa ebisiyaga. Foote yafuna obuzibu era n'asazaamu okujja mu bantu oluvannyuma lw'okutiisibwatiisibwa ku mikutu gya yintaneeti, era oluvannyuma lw'okulangirirwa Lungu nti y'omuntu ataagalwa mu ggwanga eryo.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 December 2019 |title=US recalls ambassador to Zambia after gay rights row |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231195603/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |archive-date=31 December 2019 |access-date=12 January 2020 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 2026, gavumenti ya Zambia yavumirirwa olw'okwongezaayo olukiiko olw'amaanyi olw'ensi yonna olw'eddembe ly'obuntu, RightsCon, ennaku musanvu zokka nga tezinnatuuka okubeerawo mu Lusaka. Olukiiko olwo oluvannyuma lwasazibwamu oluvannyuma lw'okumanya nti gavumenti ya Zambia yali esaba, kirabika nga kya kusaba kw'abakungu ba China, okulungamya n'okuggyako aboogezi okuva e Taiwan. Abakugu baayogedde ku kweraliikirira olw'okulondoola n'okweyongera kw'obulabe eri ebitongole by'obwanakyewa.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gault ·|first1=Matthew|title=World's Largest Digital Human Rights Conference Suddenly Canceled|url=https://www.404media.co/rightscon-human-rights-conference-suddenly-postponed/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=404 Media|date=29 April 2026|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Elliott|first1=Vittoria|title=The Chinese Government Just Got the World's Largest Digital Rights Conference Canceled|url=https://www.wired.com/story/the-chinese-government-pressured-zambia-to-cancel-the-worlds-largest-digital-rights-conference/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Wired|date=1 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hendrix|first1=Justin|title=RightsCon Canceled After Zambia Requires 'Full Alignment' With 'National Values'|url=https://www.techpolicy.press/rightscon-canceled-after-zambia-requires-full-alignment-with-national-values/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Tech Policy Press|date=30 April 2026|language=en}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo by'abantu''' Okusinziira ku kubala abantu okwa 2022 mu Zambia, omuwendo gw'abantu mu Zambia gwali 19,610,769.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia's Population up to 19,610,769 in 2022 from 13,092,666 in 2010 – Zambia Statistics Agency |url=https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305022051/https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |archive-date=5 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ebibinja by'abantu ebisinga obunene mu Zambia beebo abayitibwa Bemba obukadde 3.3 (33.6%), Nyanja obukadde 1.8 (18.2%), Tonga obukadde 1.7 (16.8%), Abantu ab’omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba 1,000,000 (10.3%), Abalozii (Barotse) 770,000 (7.8%), Abamabwe 580,000 (5.9%), Abatumbuka 500,000 (5.1%), Abalamba 165,000 (2%), Abayindi 11,900 n’Abazungu 6,200.<ref>{{cite journal |date=2 November 2023 |title=Zambia |url=https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909114747/https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |archive-date=9 September 2023 |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=minorityrights.org}}</ref> Zambia y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubeeramu abantu mu bibuga mu Afirika eri wansi wa Sahara, ng'ebitundu 44% eby'abantu babeera mu bitundu ebisinga okubeeramu entambula, so ng'ate ebyalo birimu abantu batono nnyo. Omuwendo gw'abaana abazaalibwa gwali 6.2 mu 2007 (6.1 mu 1996, 5.9 mu 2001–02).<ref>{{cite web |title=Welcome to the Official site of Zambian Statistics |url=http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113144454/http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-date=13 November 2014 |access-date=11 April 2014 |publisher=Zamstats.gov.zm}}</ref> '''Ebibuga ebisinga obunene''' Okutandika kw'okuyiikuula ekikomo mu makolero ku Copperbelt mu myaka gya 1920 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga. Wadde ng'okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga kwali kuteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, kyali kinene nnyo.[1] Ebibuga ebikolebwamu eby'obugagga ku Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali eteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, yali nnene nnyo.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Potts |first=Deborah |date=2005 |title=Counter-urbanisation on the Zambian Copperbelt? Interpretations and implications |journal=Urban Studies |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=583–609 |bibcode=2005UrbSt..42..583P |doi=10.1080/00420980500060137 |s2cid=154412136}}</ref> Ebibuga ebirimu ebirombe bya Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali y'etoloolera ku gaali z'omukka n'enguudo okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwe bironbe bya kkoppa okuyita mu Kapiri Mposhi, Lusaka, Choma ne Livingstone. '''Ebibinja by'abantu''' Zambia elimu ebika nga 73,<ref name="BritannicaPeople">{{Cite web |title=Zambia – People |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambia/People |access-date=1 October 2024 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref><ref name="epr">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> wadde mu nkola waliwo ebibinja ebitono ebirabika obulungi.[2] Abazambia abasinga boogera Olubantu.<ref name="epr2">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ebibinja ebisinga obunene mu lulimi bye Bemba, Nyanja (era ekiyitibwa Chewa), ne Tonga; ebibinja ebirala ebitali binene nnyo bye Kaonde, Lozi, Luanda, ne Luvale.[2]<ref name="epr" /> Mu 2010, omuwendo gw'abantu gwateeberezebwa okuba ebitundu 21% Bemba, ebitundu 13.6% Tonga, ebitundu 7.4% Chewa, ebitundu 5.7% Lozi, ebitundu 5.3% Nsenga, ebitundu 4.4% Tumbuka, ebitundu 4.0% Ngoni, ne 38.6% abalala.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Bemba kye kisinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkono, Luapula, ne Copperbelt; ekibinja kya Tonga mu bitundu by'Obukiikaddyo, n'eby'Obugwanjuba; n'ekibinja kya Lozi mu bitundu by'Obugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Tumbuka ekitono ennyo kisangibwa mu kiwonvu kya Luangwa mu Buvanjuba.[2] Tewali kibinja ky'abantu aboogera olulimi olumu abasinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ebitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba tebirimu bantu bangi nnyo.<ref name="epr3">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ng’oggyeko olulimi, obuwangwa bukulu mu Zambia.<ref name="epr3" />Obuwangwa buno batera okubukwataganya n’obwesigwa bw’amaka oba n’ab’obuyinza eb'ennono. Obuwangwa buno busengekeddwa mu bibinja by’ennimi ebikulu.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Posner |first=Daniel N. |date=2005-06-06 |title=Institutions and Ethnic Politics in Africa |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-83398-1 |language=en |doi=10.1017/CBO9780511808661 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083432/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |archive-date=2023-03-21}}</ref> Abagwiira, okusingira ddala Abangereza oba Aba South Afrika, wamu n'abamu ku bannansi ba Zambia abeeru Abazungu abava mu Bungereza, babeera nnyo mu Lusaka ne mu Copperbelt mu Bukiikakkono bwa Zambia, gye baba nga bakola mu birombe, mu by'ensimbi n'emirimu emirala egifaananako bwe gityo oba nga bawummudde. Waaliwo Abazungu 70,000 mu Zambia mu 1964, naye bangi okuva olwo bavudde mu ggwanga.<ref name="Zambia" /> Zambia erina abantu abatono naye nga balina omugaso mu byenfuna abava mu Asia, abasinga obungi ku bo Buhindi ne Bachina. Ekibinja kino eky’abantu abatono ky'ekikyasinze okufuga eby’enfuna nga kye kikola ku by’okutunda ebintu. Kiteeberezebwa nti Abachina nga 80,000 be baali babeera mu Zambia mu 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ZAMBIA: Zambians wary of |url=http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910230935/http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-date=2011-09-10 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=IRINnews}}</ref> Mu myaka egiyise, ebikumi n’ebikumi by’abalimi abazungu abaali bagobeddwa mu Zimbabwe baasengukira e Zambia oluvannyuma lw’okuyitibwa gavumenti ya Zambia, okutandika okulima mu matwae g'omu Bukiikaddyo.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zim's Loss, Zam's gain: White Zimbabweans making good in Zambia|date=June 2004|newspaper=The Economist|access-date=28 August 2009|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110215085211/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-date=15 February 2011}}</ref><ref name="Spiegel">{{Cite news|title=Settling in Zambia: Zimbabwe's Displaced Farmers Find a New Home|last=Thielke|first=Thilo|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|date=27 December 2004|access-date=28 August 2009|periodical=[[Der Spiegel]]|archive-date=19 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619050250/http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza okwalebwa ku banoonyi b'obubuddamu mu 2009 ekyakubibwa akakiikio ka America akavunanyizibwa ku banoonyi b'obubudamu n'abagwiira eka U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, Zambia yalina omuwendo gw’abanoonyi b’obubudamu n’abanoonya obubudamu nga bali 88,900. Abanoonyi b’obubudamu abasinga obungi mu ggwanga baava mu Democratic Republic of the Congo (ababundabunda 47,300 okuva mu DRC ng'ababeera mu Zambia mu 2007), Angola (27,100 Bannangola Zambia), Zimbabwe (5,400) ne Rwanda (4,900).<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009">{{cite news|title=World Refugee Survey 2009|publisher=U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants|url=http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211175633/http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-date=11 December 2013}}</ref> Bannansi ba Zambia okutwaliza awamu baaniriza abagwira. Okutandika mu Gwokutaano 2008, omuwendo gw'Abazimbabwe mu Zambia gwatandika okulinnya ennyo; okuyingira kwali kusinga kw'Abazimbabwe abaali babeera mu South Africa abaali badduka obutabanguko obwali mu ggwanga eryo.<ref name="IRIN">{{Cite news|title=Zambia: Rising levels of resentment towards Zimbabweans|date=9 June 2008|access-date=7 August 2023|periodical=[[The New Humanitarian|IRIN News]]|url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2008/06/09/rising-levels-resentment-towards-zimbabweans|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930005909/http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=78648|archive-date=2009-09-30}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Kumpi abanoonyi b'obubudamo 60,000 babeera mu nkambi mu Zambia, ate 50,000 babeera mu bantu ba bulijjo. Abanoonyi b'obubudamo abaagala okukola mu Zambia balina okusaba olukusa saako n'ebiwandiiko ebikukkiriza okukola nga bino biyinza okutwala ddoola 500 buli mwaka.<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009" /> '''Eddiini''' Zambia mu butongole "eggwanga ery'Ekiikuristaayo" wansi wa Ssemateeka w'eggwanga owa 1996, naye essa ekitiibwa mu kukuuma eddembe ly'eddiini n'okusinza.<ref>{{cite web |date=30 June 2008 |title=Constitution of Zambia, 1991(Amended to 1996) |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105055544/http://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |archive-date=5 November 2012 |access-date=18 December 2012 |publisher=Scribd.com}}</ref> Zambia lye ggwanga lyokka mu Afirika erirangirira Obukristaayo ng'eddiini y'eggwanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Haynes |first=N. |date=2021 |title=Taking Dominion in a Christian Nation: North American Political Theology in an African Context |journal=Pneuma |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=214–232 |doi=10.1163/15700747-bja10036 |hdl=20.500.11820/48b556a6-cf81-4058-bf5b-894934a35ca0 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ekitongole kya Zambia ekivunaanyizibwa ku kubala abantu ekya Zambia Statistics Agency mu 2022 kyabalirira nti 98.0% ku Bannazambia Bakristaayo, nga 74.5% Bapulotesitanti, 17.9% Bakatoliki ate 5.6% Bajulirwa ba Yakuwa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2025-07-24 |title=RELIGIOUS LANDSCAPE OF ZAMBIA: AN ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF THE 2022 CENSUS FINDINGS |url=https://www.amulufeblog.com/2025/07/religious-landscape-of-zambia.html |access-date=2026-02-12 |website=Amulufeblog |language=en}}</ref> Enzikiriza z'ekikulisitaayo mu Zambia mulimu Apolotesitante, Abavangelika saako n'Abapentecoote.<ref name=":1" /> Obukristaayo bwatuuka mu Zambia okuyita mu bufuzi bw'amatwale obw'Abazungu, era enjawulo yaakyo ey'ebibiina eby'enjawulo eraga enkyukakyuka mu nkola y'obuminsani; okugeza, Obukatoliki bwava mu Mozambique ey'Abaportugalezi mu Buvanjuba, so ng'Obulokole bwava mu Bungereza mu Bukiikaddyo. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu 1964, Zambia yalaba okweyongera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibiina by'obuminsani ebirala okuva mu bitundu by'ensi ebitali bimu, naddala Amerika ey'Obukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. Mu byasa ebyaddirira, emirimu gy'obuminsani egy'Abazungu egyaddira abakkiriza ab'omu kitundu (okuggyako ebifo ebimu eby'obuminsani, gamba ng'abasawo). Oluvannyuma lwa Frederick Chiluba, Omukulisitaayo Omukristaayo, okufuuka pulezidenti mu 1991, ebibiina by'obuminsani eby'Abazungu byeyongera nnyo okwetooloola Zambia okuva mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu 1964, Zambia yalaba okweyongera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibiina by'obuminsani eby'Abazungu okuva mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani.<ref name="pentecostal">{{cite book |last=Steel |first=Matthew |year=2005 |title=Pentecostalism in Zambia: Power, Authority and the Overcomers |publisher=University of Wales |id=MSc Dissertation}}</ref> Eddiini z'Ekikristaayo ezimu ezirina abagoberezi batono mu nsi yonna zimanyiddwa nnyo mu Zambia. Eggwanga lino lirina abantu abawerako ab'enzikiriza y'eki Adiventi nga mu bibala ku Bazambia 18 osangamu 1 omu Adiventi.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 October 2012 |title=Zambia Union Conference&nbsp;– Adventist Directory |url=http://www.adventistdirectory.org/ViewAdmField.aspx?AdmFieldID=ZAUM |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427045842/https://www.adventistdirectory.org/ViewAdmField.aspx?AdmFieldID=ZAUM |archive-date=27 April 2023 |access-date=18 December 2012 |publisher=Adventistdirectory.org}}</ref> Ekkanisa y'Abalokole eya Central Africa erimu abagoberezi abasukka mu 11,000 mu ggwanga.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lutheran Church of Central Africa: Zambia |url=http://www.celc.info/site/cpage.asp?sec_id=180010197&cpage_id=180031341 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131193035/http://www.celc.info/site/cpage.asp?sec_id=180010197&cpage_id=180031341 |archive-date=31 January 2017 |publisher=Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference}}</ref> Abantu abasukka mu bitundu 12 ku buli kikumi mu Zambia basabira mu Kkanisa ya New Apostostoc Church.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hayashida |first=Nelson Osamu |date=1999 |title=Dreams in the African Literature: The Significance of Dreams and Visions Among Zambian Baptists |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CkNC6-Wmga4C&q=One+in+11+Zambians+is+a+member+of+the+New+Apostolic+Church&pg=PA36 |publisher=Rodopi |isbn=978-90-420-0596-9 |language=en |access-date=3 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518182155/https://books.google.com/books?id=CkNC6-Wmga4C&q=One+in+11+Zambians+is+a+member+of+the+New+Apostolic+Church&pg=PA36#v=snippet&q=One%20in%2011%20Zambians%20is%20a%20member%20of%20the%20New%20Apostolic%20Church&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nga balina abagoberezi abasukka mu kakadde kamu mu emitwalo abiri, eggwanga lirimu ekibiina ky'Abaseveniside ekisinga obunene mu Afirika, okuva ku bantu abasukka mu bukadde mwenda mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Membership figures of the global Church as at the end of 2009: New Apostolic Church International (NAC) |url=http://www.nak.org/news/naci-news/article/16710/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626032545/http://www.nak.org/news/naci-news/article/16710/ |archive-date=26 June 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.nak.org}}</ref> Abantu nga 2.7% ku Bannazambia Basiraamu, abasinga obungi nga Basunni n’abalala abatonotono nga Abaismaili ne Twelver Shia.<ref name="2023RIRF">{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2023-report-on-international-religious-freedom/zambia/ |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=United States Department of State |language=en-US}}</ref> Abasiraamu abali mu Zambia, abalina okubalibwa okw’omulundi ogumu nga 100,000 okusinziira ku kuteebereza okumu okwakolebwa, bazingiramu abanoonyi b’obubudamu okuva e Congo ne [[Somalia]], awamu n’abagwiira okuva mu South Asia ne mu ddungu ly'ebuwalabu abafuuse Bannazambia.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> Abahindu, abasinga obungi nga ba South Asian ancestry, baali nga 10,000 okusinziira ku kuteebereza okumu okwakolebwa, mu 2019.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> Ku ntikko y'akyo mu myaka gya 1960, Abayudaaya abaali mu Zambia abaali bawerera ddala 10,000 ng'abasinga baali basibuka mu Lithuania, Latvia ne Bugirimaani,<ref>{{cite web |last=Tutton |first=Mark |date=19 January 2012 |title=The forgotten story of Zambia's Jewish settlers |url=https://www.cnn.com/2012/01/19/world/africa/zambia-jewish-history/index.html |access-date=17 February 2025 |work=CNN}}</ref>okuva mu 2012 baali batono ddala okusinga Abazambia Abayudaaya ng'abasinga ku bbo baali bawangalira mu Lusaka mu matwale g'Obukiikakkono. Mu Zambia mulimu abantu batono ab'enzikiriza ya Baha ne Buddhists saako ne Sikhs.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> '''Ennimi''' Omuwendo omutuufu ogw'ennimi za Zambia tegumanyiddwa, wadde ng'ebiwandiiko bingi bigamba nti Zambia erina ennimi 73 ez’enjawulo; omuwendo guno guyinza okuba nga guva ku butawulira njawulo wakati w’ennimi n’ebigambo ebikozesebwa eby'enjawulo, nga basinziira ku kuba nti abantu basobola okutegeeragana nga boogera ennimi ez’enjawulo. Okusinziira ku kino, omuwendo gw’ennimi za Zambia guyinza okuba nga guli wakati wa 20 oba 30.<ref name="Chanda, Vincent M., and, Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. 2013 1–173">{{Cite book |author1=Chanda, Vincent M. |year=2013 |title=Speak Zambian Languages: Phrase Book in Bemba, Kaonde, Lozi, Luvale, Lunda, Nyanja and Tonga, all in one |author2=Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson |publisher=UNZA Press |isbn=978-9982-03-073-1 |location=Lusaka, Zambia |pages=1–173}}</ref> Olulimi olutongole mu Zambia lwe Lungereza, olukozesebwa mu bizinensi entongole, eby'enjigiriza, n’amateeka.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" />Olulimi olusinga okwogerwa mu Zambia, naddala mu Lusaka, lwe Lunyaanja (Chewa), oluddako Bemba. Mu birombe bya koppa, Bemba lwe lulimi olusinga okwogerwa era oluddako Nyanja. Olunyaanja n’Olubemba bye byogerwa mu bitundu eby’omu bibuga, okugatta ku nnimi endala eza wano ezaatera okwogerwa mu Zambia. Zino mulimu Lozi, Tumbuka, Kaonde, Tonga, Lunda ne Luvale, ezaalagibwa ku Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation (ZNBC) mu kitundu ky’ennimi za wano.<ref name="BritannicaPeople2">{{Cite web |title=Zambia – People |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambia/People |access-date=1 October 2024 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Chanda, Vincent M., and, Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. 2013 1–1732">{{Cite book |author1=Chanda, Vincent M. |year=2013 |title=Speak Zambian Languages: Phrase Book in Bemba, Kaonde, Lozi, Luvale, Lunda, Nyanja and Tonga, all in one |author2=Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson |publisher=UNZA Press |isbn=978-9982-03-073-1 |location=Lusaka, Zambia |pages=1–173}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. |year=2015 |title=The State of Affairs of Cultural Literacy in Zambia's Multicultural Education System. In A. L. Jotia and J. Dudu (Ed.), Multicultural Education Discourses: Breaking Barriers of Exclusion in Selected African Contexts |publisher=Zebra publishing (Pty) LTD |isbn=978-99945-84-99-4 |location=Windhoek, Namibia |pages=190–204}}</ref> Abasinga obungi bajja kwogera Olubemba n'Olunyanja mu Copperbelt; Olunyanja lusinga kwogerwa mu Lusaka ne mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia. Oluzungu lukozesebwa mu mpuliziganya entongole era lwe lulimi olusinga okwogerwa mu maka mu bantu abava mu mawanga ag'enjawulo. Okumelukawo kuno mu nnimi ereetedde olulimi olwogerwa mu Lusaka ne mu bibuga ebirala ebikulu. Abasinga obungi mu Zambia batera okwogera ennimi ezisukka mu lumu: olulimi olutongole, Oluzungu, n'olulimi olusinga okwogerwa mu kibuga oba mu kitundu gye babeera. Olupotugo luyigirizibwa ng'olulimi olw'okubiri mu masomo g'essomero olw'okubeerawo kw'Abangereza aboogera Olupotugo abangi mu Zambia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Actualités Afrique - Economie, sport, santé, politique |url=http://www.afriquejet.com/news/africa-news/zambia-to-introduce-portuguese-into-school-curriculum-2009041825794.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121208151924/http://www.afriquejet.com/news/africa-news/zambia-to-introduce-portuguese-into-school-curriculum-2009041825794.html |archive-date=2012-12-08 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.afriquejet.com |language=fr-fr}}</ref> '''Eby'enjigiriza''' Eddembe okufuna obuyigirize obwenkanankana era obumala eri bonna kikuumibwa mu ssemateeka wa Zambia.<ref>{{cite web |date=1996 |title=Laws of Zambia |url=http://www.parliament.gov.zm/acts/volumes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307105357/http://www.parliament.gov.zm/acts/volumes |archive-date=7 March 2016 |access-date=27 January 2016 |website=National Assembly of Zambia}}</ref> Etteeka ly’Obuyigirize erya 2011 likugira obuyigirize obwenkanankana era obw’omutindo.<ref>{{cite web |date=2011 |title=The Education Act (2011) |url=http://www.parliament.gov.zm/node/3324 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203063439/http://www.parliament.gov.zm/node/3324 |archive-date=3 February 2016 |access-date=27 January 2016 |website=National Assembly of Zambia}}</ref> Omutindo gw’obuyivu bw’olulimi Olungereza nga bwe gwali mu 2018 guli ebitundu 86.7%. Ensaasaanya ya gavumenti eya buli mwaka ku by'enjigiriza ebadde ya njawulo nnyo. Nga bwe kiri ebitundu ku mbalirira ya gavumenti, kyali ebitundu 19.6% mu 2006, ebitundu 15.3% mu 2011, n'ebitundu 20.2% mu 2015.<ref name="WorldBank_2015">{{cite report|author=<!--none listed-->|date=December 2015|title=Education Public Expenditure Review in Zambia|url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/431421468000590726/pdf/103870-PUB-PUBLIC-Education-Public-Expenditure-Review-in-Zambia.pdf|publisher=World Bank Group|page=36|access-date=2024-01-16|archive-date=16 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116202228/https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/431421468000590726/pdf/103870-PUB-PUBLIC-Education-Public-Expenditure-Review-in-Zambia.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Okutuuka mu 2020, ensaasaanya ku by'enjigiriza yali ebitundu 3.7% ku GDP. '''Eby'obulamu''' Zambia eri mu kiseera ky’okubalukawo kw’ekirwadde kya mukenenya, ng’omuwendo gw’abantu abalina akawuka ka mukenenya mu ggwanga lyonna guli ebitundu 12.10 ku buli kikumi mu bantu abakulu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Country Comparisons—HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/hiv-aids-adult-prevalence-rate/country-comparison |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425032850/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/hiv-aids-adult-prevalence-rate/country-comparison/ |archive-date=25 April 2022 |access-date=19 June 2021 |work=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |location=Langley, Virginia}}</ref> Kyokka, eggwanga lino likoze enkyukakyuka mu myaka ekkumi egiyise: Omuwendo gw’abantu abalina akawuka ka mukenenya mu bantu abakulu abali wakati w’emyaka 15–49 gukendedde okutuuka ku bitundu 13 ku buli kikumi mu 2013/14, bw’ogeraageranya n’ebitundu 16 ku buli kikumi emyaka nga kkumi emabega.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Children in Zambia |url=https://www.unicef.org/zambia/children-zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626221920/https://www.unicef.org/zambia/children-zambia |archive-date=26 June 2020 |access-date=27 May 2020 |publisher=UNICEF |language=en}}</ref> Ebiva mu bujjanjabi ebirala nabyo enkyukayuka ez'akolebwa, newankubadde nga bikyali bibi nnyo okusinzila ku mutindo gw’ensi yonna. Omuwendo gw’abantu abafa nga bazaala guli 135 ku buli kikumi mu 2020 nga bagerageranya n’abantu 169 mu 2014 ne 296 mu 2007;<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://genderdata.worldbank.org/en/economies/zambia#featured-indicators |access-date=2025-03-09 |website=World Bank Gender Data Portal |language=en}}</ref> mu myaka egyo emabega, omuwendo gw’abantu abafa nga bazaala guli 59.3 ku buli kikumi mu 2020 nga bagerageranya n’abantu 69.2 ne 93.3 mu 2014 ne 2007.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) |url=https://genderdata.worldbank.org/en/indicator/sh-dyn-mort?view=trend&gender=total&geos=ZMB |access-date=2025-03-09 |website=www.worldbank.org}}</ref> == Eby'enfuna == Mu 2022, Zambia ezitowa wakati w'obuwumbi bwa doolo 7.5 n'ebuwumbi 8 obuva mu by'obusuubuzi ebitundibwa w'abweru w'eggwanga buli mwaka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=International Trade Administration |date=2024-06-06 |title=Zambia - Market Overview |url=https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/zambia-market-overview |access-date=2024-06-23 |website=www.trade.gov |language=en}}</ref> Byonna awamu byali bibalirirwamu billiyooni doola 9.1 obuwumbi obw’ebintu ebifulumizibwa ebweru w'eggwanga mu 2018<ref>{{cite web |last1=Workman |first1=Daniel |title=Zambia's Top 10 Exports |url=http://www.worldstopexports.com/zambias-top-10-exports/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426214352/https://www.worldstopexports.com/zambias-top-10-exports/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=10 February 2020 |website=World's Top Exports}}</ref>M u 2015, abantu nga 54.4% baali babeera wansi w’oekigerogkyobwavu mu ggwanga, nga guno gwalongooka okuva ku 60.5% mu 2010.[3] Obwavu mu byalo bwali ku bitundu 76.6% ate mu bibuga bwali ku bitundu 23.4%.[3] Omutindo gw’obwavu mu ggwanga gwali ZMK 214 (US$12.85) buli mwezi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Poverty & Equity Brief: Zambia |url=https://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/poverty/33EF03BB-9722-4AE2-ABC7-AA2972D68AFE/Global_POVEQ_ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240207110244/https://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/poverty/33EF03BB-9722-4AE2-ABC7-AA2972D68AFE/Global_POVEQ_ZMB.pdf |archive-date=7 February 2024 |access-date=30 Dec 2021}}</ref> Okusinziira okwakasembayo mu 2018 okwakolebwa United Nations Development Programme, abantu 47.9% beeyongera okukosebwa obwavu obwengerera ddala.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 August 2022 |title=Zambia - Agriculture |url=https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/zambia-agriculture |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131162056/https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/zambia-agriculture |archive-date=31 January 2024 |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=International Trade Administration |language=en}}</ref> Zambia yali ku kifo kya 112 mu Index y’Ensi Yonna ey’Obuyiiya mu 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=GII Innovation Ecosystems & Data Explorer 2025 |url=https://www.wipo.int/gii-ranking/en/zambia |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=WIPO}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Dutta |first1=Soumitra |year=2025 |title=Global Innovation Index 2025: Innovation at a Crossroads |url=https://www.wipo.int/web-publications/global-innovation-index-2025/en/index.html |last2=Lanvin |first2=Bruno |publisher=[[World Intellectual Property Organization]] |isbn=978-92-805-3797-0 |page=19 |language=en |doi=10.34667/tind.58864 |access-date=2025-10-17}}</ref> Ebipimo by’abantu byeyongera okukka, naddala mu bipimo by’obulamu obusuubirwa ku kuzaalibwa (nga 40.9 emyaka) ne mu kufa kw’abakyala abali embuto (830 ku buli 100,000 abali embuto) mu 2007.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090303204041/http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/hdr_20072008_en_complete.pdf Human Development Report 2007/2008]. Palgrave Macmillan. 2007. {{ISBN|978-0-230-54704-9}}</ref> Mu 2023, obulamu obusuubirwa ku kuzaalibwa bwali bweyongeddeko okutuuka ku myaka nga 62.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Life expectancy at birth, total (years) - Zambia |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN?view=m&locations=ZM |access-date=2024-09-30 |website=World Bank Open Data}}{{Dead link|date=February 2026|bot=InternetArchiveBot}}</ref> Zambia yagwa mu bwavu oluvannyuma lw’emiwendo gya kkopa mu nsi yonna okukka mu myaka gya 1970. Gavumenti eyali ekulemberwa abantu abalina endowooza ez’enjawulo yagezaako okuzzaawo ssente ze yali efiiriddwa ng’eyita mu nteekateeka ez’enjawulo ezaali zitegekeddwa ekitongole ekya International Monetary Fund structural adjustment programmes (SAPs). Enkola ey’obutatunda ng’oyita mu kkubo erisinga okukozesebwa era nga lye kkubo ly’eggaali y’omukka erituuka ku nnyanja – ekitundu kino kyali kimanyiddwa nga Rhodesia (okuva mu 1965 okutuuka mu 1979), era nga kati kimanyiddwa nga Zimbabwe – kyafiiriza nnyo eby'enfuna. Oluvannyuma lw’obufuzi bwa Kaunda, (okuva mu 1991) gavumenti ez’enjawulo zaatandika okukola enkyukakyuka entonotono. Eby'enfuna byasigala mu kifo bizingamye kyabyo okutuusa mu myaka gya 1990. Mu 2007 Zambia kino yakiteeka ne mu biwandiiko anti eby'enfuna by'eggwanga byagwa okuva ku bitundu 30% okutuuka ku bitundu 8.9% mu 2000.<ref name="dos2009">{{cite web |title=Background Note: Zambia |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2359.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170122194627/https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2359.htm |archive-date=22 January 2017 |access-date=21 May 2019 |publisher=Department of State}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] sth9l6l7065q5ufhn1dh01rblwp43tx Bugema University 0 7812 59308 59263 2026-07-06T13:19:51Z Musuuza 11013 ntaddemu obutindo 59308 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bugema University''' ('''BMU''') ssettendekero ya [[:en:Mixed-sex_education|ngattikantondwa]] mu [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] eddukanyizibwa ku nnono n'empisa [[:en:Seventh-day_Adventist_Church|z'ekkanisa y'Abaadiventi]]. Bugema University y'emu ku matendekero agatambulira ku nnono n'[[:en:Seventh-day_Adventist_education|enteekateeka y’ebyenjigiriza ey’Ekkanisa y’Abadiventi]], enjigiriza y'ekikulisitaayo ekwata ekifo eky'okubiri mu nsi yonna. [[File:Sensitisation about LG-Wiki, Will Ssemmanda(right), Dorothy Nabukeera & Samson Ssemakadde.jpg|thumb|Bugema university ]] == Obusange == Ssettendekero eno eri ku ttaka eriweza yiika 640 (1.00 sq mi), mu Kalagala sub-county, Bamunanika county, mu [[:en:Luweero_District|ddisitulikiti y'e Luweero]] esangibwa mu [[:en:Central_Region,_Uganda|kitundu eky'omu masekkati ga Uganda]]. Ettabi ekkulu liri ku bugazi bwa kkiromita 33 (21 mi) bw'ogoberera oluguudo era nga lisangibwa mu bukiika kkono bw'obuvanjuba bwa [https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/northeast Kampala] ekibuga kya Uganda ekikulu. Liri ku bugazi bwa kkiromita nga 18.2 ku luguudo oluli mu bukiikaddyo bw'akabuga k'e [[Ziroobwe]], ku luguudo oluva e Gayaza ne ludda e [[:en:Gayaza–Ziroobwe_Road|Gayaza–Ziroobwe Road]]. Obugazi bw'ettabi lino buli 0°34'10.48"N, 32°38'30.55"E (Latitude: 0.57; Longitude: 32.6418). == Ebyafaayo == Ettendekero lino lyatandikibwawo mu mwaka gwa 1948 ng'ettendekero ly'abasomesa n'abasumba b'ekkanisa y'abaadiventi mu [[:en:East_Africa|buvanjuba bwa Africa]]. Mu kiseera ekyo lyali liyitibwa Bugema Missionary Training School. Oluvannyuma ennyo, erinnya eryo lyakyusibwa ne lifuuka Bugema Missionary College ate nalyo ne likyusibwa okufuuka Bugema Adventist College. Mu mwaka gwa 1976, ekitongole ky'ebyenjigiriza mu Uganda n'ekibiina ekitwala ekkanisa y'Abaadiventi byawa Bugema Adventist College olukusa okusomesa ddiguli mu busumba n'obuweereza (Bachelor of Theology). Ebbanguliro lino lyali lyasaba dda olukusa olulikkiriza okusomesa ddiguli y'obusumba naye ekitongole ky'ebyenjigiriza ne kikomba ku erima kubanga mu kiseera ekyo, Makerere University ye ssettendekero yokka eyali ekkirizibwa okusomesa amasomo ga ddiguli mu ggwanga. Abayizi 35 be baasobola okwewandiisa era ne batandika okubangulwa mu buweereza n'obusumba. Musumba ne muky. Villagomez wamu ne musumba Gary Fordham be baali abayigisa b'abayizi abo mu kiseera ekyo. Idi Amin, eyali omukulembeze w'eggwanga mu kiseera ekyo bwe yawera ekkanisa y'Abaseveniside mu Uganda mu mwaka gwa 1977, okutendeka abayizi mu ssomo lino kwajjululwa ne kuzzibwa e Nairobi okumala akaseera akatonotono era mu mwaka gwa 1978 ne wabaawo abayizi abaasooka okutikkirwa era ne baweebwa ddiguli mu busumba n'obuweereza (BTh). Nga wayiseewo akaseera, ebbanguliro lino lyazzibwa mu lusiisira lw'ekkanisa olw'abavubuka mu kifo ekiyitibwa Watamu ekisangibwa mu bukiikakkono bwa Mombasa okutuusa Amin bwe yava mu Uganda. Reuben Mugerwa yamaliriza ddiguli ye ey'okubiri ku Andrews University n'oluvannyuma n'afuuka omu ku bayigisa b'essomo lino. Ebbanguliro lino oluvannyuma lyazzibwa ku ttabi ly'e Bugema. Ebbanguliro lino lyatandika okugaziwa. Ku nkomerero y'emyaka gy'ekinaana (1980s), amasomo g'ebyenfuna n'ago ag'ebyobusomesa gaatandikibwa okusomesebwa. Mu 1994, Bugema Adventist College yakyuka okuva ku ddaala ly'ettendekero n'efuuka ssettendekero. Mu 1997, Bugema University yaweebwa ebbaluwa okuva mu kitongole ky'ebyenjigiriza n'ebyamizannyo egikkiriza okuweereza ng'ettendekero erya waggulu. == Amabanguliro == Bugema University erimu amabanguliro gano wammanga: === School of Business === * Department of Accounting and Finance * Department of Management and Marketing * Department of Information Technology * Department of Engineering === School of Social Sciences === * Department of Developmental Studies * Department of Social Work * Department of Theology and [[:en:Religious_studies|Religious Studies]] === Ebbanguliro ly'Abasomesa === * Department of Arts * Department of Science * Department of Languages === School of Natural Sciences === * Department of life and physical sciences * Department of Agriculture * Department of Food and [[:en:Human_nutrition|Human Nutrition]] === Essomero ly’Amasomo ag’Oluvannyuma lwa Diguli === Ebbanguliro ly'abo abasoma ddiguli ey'okubiri/ey'okusatu ku Bugema University likolagana ne [[:en:University_of_Eastern_Africa,_Baraton|University of Eastern Africa, Baraton]] mu [[Kenya]] okusomesa amasomo agamu. Ebbanguliro lino era likolagana ne [[:en:Central_Luzon_State_University|Central Luzon State University]] mu kusomesa amasomo agamu ate era nga y'entabiro y'ensomesa-nnamutimbagano ey'amasomo agamu agasomesebwa abayizi abasoma ddiguli ey'okusatu ku [[:en:Central_Luzon_State_University|Central Luzon State University]] mu [[:en:Philippines|Philippines]]. == Amasomo agatendekebwa == Gano wammanga ge masomo agatendekebwa ku Bugema University: === Amasomo ga ddiguli esooka === * [[:en:Bachelor_of_Business_Administration|Bachelor of Business Administration]] in [[:en:Accounting|Accounting]] * Bachelor of Business Administration in [[:en:Finance|Finance]] * Bachelor of Business Administration in [[:en:Marketing|Marketing]] * Bachelor of Business Administration in Management * Bachelor of Business Administration in Office Administration * Bachelor of Business Administration in Economics * Bachelor of Business Administration in Business Information Systems * Bachelor of Business Administration in International Trade * Bachelor of Business Administration in Entrepreneurship * [[:en:Bachelor_of_Arts|Bachelor of Arts]] with Education * [[:en:Bachelor_of_Science|Bachelor of Science]] with Education * Bachelor of Arts in Development Studies * [[:en:Bachelor_of_Science|Bachelor of Science]] in Counseling * Bachelor of Social Work and Social Administration * [[:en:Bachelor_of_Theology|Bachelor of Theology]] * Bachelor of Arts in Religious Studies === Amasomo ga ddiguli ezisomebwa oluvannyuma lwa ddiguli esooka === * [[:en:Master_of_Business_Administration|Master of Business Administration]] * [[:en:Master_of_Science_in_Information_Systems|Master of Science in Information Systems]] * [[:en:Master_of_Science|Master of Science]] in [[:en:Software_engineering|Software Engineering and Application Development]] * Master of Science in [[:en:Network_Security|Network Security]] * Master of Science in Counseling * Master of Arts in Education Management * Master of Arts in Development Studies * Master of Arts in English Literature * Master of Science in Education * Master of Professional Studies in Education * Master of Science in [[:en:Rural_Development|Rural Development]] * Master of Professional Studies in Rural Development * Master in Local Government Management * [[:en:Doctor_of_Philosophy|Doctor of Philosophy]] in Developmental Education * Doctor of Philosophy in Rural Development * Doctor of Philosophy in Developmental Communication === Amasomo ga ddipulooma === * Diploma in Accounting * Diploma in Marketing * Diploma in Office Administration * Diploma in Information Technology * Diploma in Education * Diploma in Humana Resource Management * Diploma in Procurement and Supply Chain Management * Diploma in Office Administration and Secretarial Studies === ga ssatifikeeti === * Certificate in Small Business Computer Networks * Certificate in Office Automation and Data management * Certificate in Computer Repair and Maintenance * Certificate in Information Technology (For 2 years) * Certificate in Nursing (For 2<sup>1/2</sup> years) === Emisomo egy’okutabaganya === * Higher Education Certificate (For 8 Months) == Laba ne == * [[:en:List_of_Seventh-day_Adventist_colleges_and_universities|List of Seventh-day Adventist colleges and universities]] * [[:en:Seventh-day_Adventist_education|Seventh-day Adventist education]] * [[:en:Seventh-day_Adventist_theology|Seventh-day Adventist theology]] * [[:en:History_of_the_Seventh-day_Adventist_Church|History of the Seventh-day Adventist Church]] * [[:en:Adventist_Colleges_and_Universities|Adventist Colleges and Universities]] * [[:en:Adventist_University_of_Africa|Adventist University of Africa]] * [[:en:Education_in_Uganda|Education in Uganda]] * [[:en:List_of_universities_in_Uganda|List of universities in Uganda]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa wikipedi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240619123207/https://www.bugemauniv.ac.ug/index.php?page=home Bugema University Homepage] * [https://archive.is/20130129104934/http://www.myadventistuniversity.com/sda-universities/sub-saharan-africa/Uganda/bugema-university.html My Adventist University Project] t5y90za4nxy6xxynf5b8kffyxx0rhq2 59310 59308 2026-07-06T13:36:21Z Musuuza 11013 ntereezezza ku mpandiika 59310 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bugema University''' ('''BMU''') ssettendekero ya [[:en:Mixed-sex_education|ngattikantondwa]] mu [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] eddukanyizibwa ku nnono n'empisa [[:en:Seventh-day_Adventist_Church|z'ekkanisa y'Abaadiventi]]. Bugema University y'emu ku matendekero agatambulira ku nnono n'[[:en:Seventh-day_Adventist_education|enteekateeka y’ebyenjigiriza ey’Ekkanisa y’Abadiventi]], enjigiriza y'ekikulisitaayo ekwata ekifo eky'okubiri mu nsi yonna. [[File:Sensitisation about LG-Wiki, Will Ssemmanda(right), Dorothy Nabukeera & Samson Ssemakadde.jpg|thumb|Bugema university ]] == Obusange == Ssettendekero eno eri ku ttaka eriweza yiika 640 (1.00 sq mi), mu Kalagala sub-county, Bamunanika county, mu [[:en:Luweero_District|ddisitulikiti y'e Luweero]] esangibwa mu [[:en:Central_Region,_Uganda|kitundu eky'omu masekkati ga Uganda]]. Ettabi ekkulu liri ku bugazi bwa kkiromita 33 (21 mi) bw'ogoberera oluguudo era nga lisangibwa mu bukiika kkono bw'obuvanjuba bwa [https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/northeast Kampala] ekibuga kya Uganda ekikulu. Liri ku bugazi bwa kkiromita nga 18.2 ku luguudo oluli mu bukiikaddyo bw'akabuga k'e [[Ziroobwe]], ku luguudo oluva e Gayaza ne ludda e [[:en:Gayaza–Ziroobwe_Road|Gayaza–Ziroobwe Road]]. Obugazi bw'ettabi lino buli 0°34'10.48"N, 32°38'30.55"E (Latitude: 0.57; Longitude: 32.6418). == Ebyafaayo == Ettendekero lino lyatandikibwawo mu mwaka gwa 1948 ng'ettendekero ly'abasomesa n'abasumba b'ekkanisa y'abaadiventi mu [[:en:East_Africa|buvanjuba bwa Africa]]. Mu kiseera ekyo lyali liyitibwa Bugema Missionary Training School. Oluvannyuma ennyo, erinnya eryo lyakyusibwa ne lifuuka Bugema Missionary College ate nalyo ne likyusibwa okufuuka Bugema Adventist College. Mu mwaka gwa 1976, ekitongole ky'ebyenjigiriza mu Uganda n'ekibiina ekitwala ekkanisa y'Abaadiventi byawa Bugema Adventist College olukusa okusomesa ddiguli mu busumba n'obuweereza (Bachelor of Theology). Ebbanguliro lino lyali lyasaba dda olukusa olulikkiriza okusomesa ddiguli y'obusumba naye ekitongole ky'ebyenjigiriza ne kikomba ku erima kubanga mu kiseera ekyo, Makerere University ye ssettendekero yokka eyali ekkirizibwa okusomesa amasomo ga ddiguli mu ggwanga. Abayizi 35 be baasobola okwewandiisa era ne batandika okubangulwa mu buweereza n'obusumba. Musumba ne muky. Villagomez wamu ne musumba Gary Fordham be baali abayigisa b'abayizi abo mu kiseera ekyo. Idi Amin, eyali omukulembeze w'eggwanga mu kiseera ekyo bwe yawera ekkanisa y'Abaseveniside mu Uganda mu mwaka gwa 1977, okutendeka abayizi mu ssomo lino kwajjululwa ne kuzzibwa e Nairobi okumala akaseera akatonotono era mu mwaka gwa 1978 ne wabaawo abayizi abaasooka okutikkirwa era ne baweebwa ddiguli mu busumba n'obuweereza (BTh). Nga wayiseewo akaseera, ebbanguliro lino lyazzibwa mu lusiisira lw'ekkanisa olw'abavubuka mu kifo ekiyitibwa Watamu ekisangibwa mu bukiikakkono bwa Mombasa okutuusa Amin bwe yava mu Uganda. Reuben Mugerwa yamaliriza ddiguli ye ey'okubiri ku Andrews University n'oluvannyuma n'afuuka omu ku bayigisa b'essomo lino. Ebbanguliro lino oluvannyuma lyazzibwa ku ttabi ly'e Bugema. Ebbanguliro lino lyatandika okugaziwa. Ku nkomerero y'emyaka gy'ekinaana (1980s), amasomo g'ebyenfuna n'ago ag'ebyobusomesa gaatandikibwa okusomesebwa. Mu 1994, Bugema Adventist College yakyuka okuva ku ddaala ly'ettendekero n'efuuka ssettendekero. Mu 1997, Bugema University yaweebwa ebbaluwa okuva mu kitongole ky'ebyenjigiriza n'ebyamizannyo egikkiriza okuweereza ng'ettendekero erya waggulu. == Amabanguliro == Bugema University erimu amabanguliro gano wammanga: === School of Business === * Department of Accounting and Finance * Department of Management and Marketing * Department of Information Technology * Department of Engineering === School of Social Sciences === * Department of Developmental Studies * Department of Social Work * Department of Theology and [[:en:Religious_studies|Religious Studies]] === Ebbanguliro ly'Abasomesa === * Department of Arts * Department of Science * Department of Languages === School of Natural Sciences === * Department of life and physical sciences * Department of Agriculture * Department of Food and [[:en:Human_nutrition|Human Nutrition]] === Essomero ly’Amasomo ag’Oluvannyuma lwa Diguli === Ebbanguliro ly'abo abasoma ddiguli ey'okubiri/ey'okusatu ku Bugema University likolagana ne [[:en:University_of_Eastern_Africa,_Baraton|University of Eastern Africa, Baraton]] mu [[Kenya]] okusomesa amasomo agamu. Ebbanguliro lino era likolagana ne [[:en:Central_Luzon_State_University|Central Luzon State University]] mu kusomesa amasomo agamu ate era nga y'entabiro y'ensomesa-nnamutimbagano ey'amasomo agamu agasomesebwa abayizi abasoma ddiguli ey'okusatu ku [[:en:Central_Luzon_State_University|Central Luzon State University]] mu [[:en:Philippines|Philippines]]. == Amasomo agatendekebwa == Gano wammanga ge masomo agatendekebwa ku Bugema University: === Amasomo ga ddiguli esooka === * [[:en:Bachelor_of_Business_Administration|Bachelor of Business Administration]] in [[:en:Accounting|Accounting]] * Bachelor of Business Administration in [[:en:Finance|Finance]] * Bachelor of Business Administration in [[:en:Marketing|Marketing]] * Bachelor of Business Administration in Management * Bachelor of Business Administration in Office Administration * Bachelor of Business Administration in Economics * Bachelor of Business Administration in Business Information Systems * Bachelor of Business Administration in International Trade * Bachelor of Business Administration in Entrepreneurship * [[:en:Bachelor_of_Arts|Bachelor of Arts]] with Education * [[:en:Bachelor_of_Science|Bachelor of Science]] with Education * Bachelor of Arts in Development Studies * [[:en:Bachelor_of_Science|Bachelor of Science]] in Counseling * Bachelor of Social Work and Social Administration * [[:en:Bachelor_of_Theology|Bachelor of Theology]] * Bachelor of Arts in Religious Studies === Amasomo ga ddiguli ezisomebwa oluvannyuma lwa ddiguli esooka === * [[:en:Master_of_Business_Administration|Master of Business Administration]] * [[:en:Master_of_Science_in_Information_Systems|Master of Science in Information Systems]] * [[:en:Master_of_Science|Master of Science]] in [[:en:Software_engineering|Software Engineering and Application Development]] * Master of Science in [[:en:Network_Security|Network Security]] * Master of Science in Counseling * Master of Arts in Education Management * Master of Arts in Development Studies * Master of Arts in English Literature * Master of Science in Education * Master of Professional Studies in Education * Master of Science in [[:en:Rural_Development|Rural Development]] * Master of Professional Studies in Rural Development * Master in Local Government Management * [[:en:Doctor_of_Philosophy|Doctor of Philosophy]] in Developmental Education * Doctor of Philosophy in Rural Development * Doctor of Philosophy in Developmental Communication === Amasomo ga ddipulooma === * Diploma in Accounting * Diploma in Marketing * Diploma in Office Administration * Diploma in Information Technology * Diploma in Education * Diploma in Humana Resource Management * Diploma in Procurement and Supply Chain Management * Diploma in Office Administration and Secretarial Studies === Amasomo ga ssatifikeeti === * Certificate in Small Business Computer Networks * Certificate in Office Automation and Data management * Certificate in Computer Repair and Maintenance * Certificate in Information Technology (For 2 years) * Certificate in Nursing (For 2<sup>1/2</sup> years) === Emisomo egy’okutabaganya === * Higher Education Certificate (For 8 Months) == Laba ne == * [[:en:List_of_Seventh-day_Adventist_colleges_and_universities|List of Seventh-day Adventist colleges and universities]] * [[:en:Seventh-day_Adventist_education|Seventh-day Adventist education]] * [[:en:Seventh-day_Adventist_theology|Seventh-day Adventist theology]] * [[:en:History_of_the_Seventh-day_Adventist_Church|History of the Seventh-day Adventist Church]] * [[:en:Adventist_Colleges_and_Universities|Adventist Colleges and Universities]] * [[:en:Adventist_University_of_Africa|Adventist University of Africa]] * [[:en:Education_in_Uganda|Education in Uganda]] * [[:en:List_of_universities_in_Uganda|List of universities in Uganda]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa wikipedi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240619123207/https://www.bugemauniv.ac.ug/index.php?page=home Bugema University Homepage] * [https://archive.is/20130129104934/http://www.myadventistuniversity.com/sda-universities/sub-saharan-africa/Uganda/bugema-university.html My Adventist University Project] ewkeda3xfih4rrxnuiqtp5gfplcbq4j Agnes Taaka 0 7850 59427 59063 2026-07-07T07:43:39Z Ssemmanda will 3837 Okukoppa okuva mu [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] okudda mu [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi Bannayuganda]] nga nkozesa [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 59427 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Agnes Taaka''' amanyiddwa nga '''Taaka Agnes Wejuli''' eyazaalibwa nga 3 Ogwokuna mu 1980, Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi, akola ku nsonga z'abantu ezitali zimu era omubaka wa palamenti. Yali mubaka omukyala akiikirira [[Disitulikiti y'e Bugiri]]. Yaweereza mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] ey'omwenda, ey'ekkumu n'ey'ekkumineemu nga [[:en:Member_of_Parliament|Omubaka wa Palamenti]]. Ali mu kibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekiri mu buyinza ekya [[National Resistance Movement]].<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|title=Parliament of Uganda|url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=170|access-date=2021-03-26|website=www.parliament.go.ug}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://uganda.ohchr.org/Story/Details/11 |access-date=2021-03-28 |archive-date=2021-06-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210615090725/https://uganda.ohchr.org/Story/Details/11 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yali Mubaka wa Paalamenti Omukyala owa Disitulikiti y'e Bugiri okuva 2021 okutuuka mu 2026 oluvannyuma lw'okulangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa pulezidenti n'ababaka ba Paalamenti mu Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-24|title=Busoga teachers win MP seats after four attempts|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/elections/busoga-teachers-win-mp-seats-after-four-attempts-5337542|access-date=2026-04-22|website=Monitor|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Agnes Taaka Wejuli Archives|url=https://www.independent.co.ug/tag/agnes-taaka-wejuli/|access-date=2021-03-26|website=The Independent Uganda|language=en-US}}</ref> Yawangulwa munne Namatende Eunice mu kamyufu ka NRM mu 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-24|title=Busoga teachers win MP seats after four attempts|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/elections/busoga-teachers-win-mp-seats-after-four-attempts-5337542|access-date=2026-04-22|website=Monitor|language=en}}</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Agnes Taaka yazaalibwa nga 3 Ogwokuna 1980. Yamaliriza ebigezo by'Ekyomusanvu ku Kigulu Girls Primary school mu 1992 oluvannyuma nadda ku Bukoyo Senior Secondary School gyeyamaliririza Siniya Eyookuna naafuna satifikeeti ya [[Uganda Certificate of Education]] mu 1996. Mu 1999, Agnes yayingira esomero lya Iganga Senior Secondary School gye yamaliririza Siniya Eyoomukaaga era naafua satifikeeti ya[[Uganda Advanced Certificate of Education]] (UACE). Yafuna diguli esooka mu ssomo lya Arts in Social Science okuva mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]] mu 2004. Okugatta ku eyo, mu 2007 yagenda okweyongerayo n'emisomo era naafuna satifikeeti mu Mateeka (Administrative Officers Law Course) okuva mu ttendekero ly'amateeka erya [[Law Development Centre|Law Development Center]], Kampala. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Parliament of Uganda|url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=170|access-date=2021-03-26|website=www.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> Mufumbo. == Emirimu gye nga tannayingira byabufuzi == Wakati wa 2006 ne 2014, Agnes yali akola ng'akulaakulanya ebitundu eby'enjawulo mu gavumenti z'ebitundu mu Disitulikiti ye Bugiri, nga oluvannyuma baamukuza nebamufuula akulira okukulaakulanya ebitundu mu Bugiri Town Council gyeyakolera okuva mu 2014 okutuuka mu 2015. Okuva mu 2010 okutuuka mu 2012, yaweebwa eky'okukulira munisipaali za gavumenti z'ebitundu bya Disitulikiti ye Bugiri.<ref name=":1">https://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=170</ref> Y'akulembera ekitongole kya Taaka Agnes Wejuli Development Foundation.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Taaka Agnes - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls|url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/candidates/taaka-agnes-10152/|access-date=2021-03-26|website=visiblepolls.org|language=en}}</ref> == Emirimu gy'ebyobufuzi == Okuva mu 2016 okutuuka kati, awereza nga omubaka wa Paalamenti omukyala akiikirira Konsitituweensi ya Bugiri.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Members of UWOPA of 10th Parliament {{!}} Uganda Women Parliamentary Association |url=http://uwopa.or.ug/content/members-uwopa-10th-parliament |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418030533/http://uwopa.or.ug/content/members-uwopa-10th-parliament |archive-date=2021-04-18 |access-date=2021-03-26 |website=uwopa.or.ug}}</ref>Ng'omubaka wa Paalamenti, mu Paalamenti ya Uganda, Agnes aweereza ne ku kakiiko k'ebyobulimi. Asinga kwagala kuzannya muzannyo gwa kubaka n'okuzina amazina, nga kuno kw'ateeka n'okwagala okulondoola amaka agali mu mbeera embi, ebibiina mu bitundu wamu n'abavubuka.<ref name=":1" /> Yeegatta ku kibiina ekigatta abakyala abali mu palamenti (UWOPA), mu Palamenti ey'ekkumi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uwopa Round Table Committees {{!}} Uganda Women Parliamentary Association |url=http://uwopa.or.ug/page/uwopa-round-table-committees |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418020754/http://uwopa.or.ug/page/uwopa-round-table-committees |archive-date=2021-04-18 |access-date=2021-03-26 |website=uwopa.or.ug}}</ref>Ku kakiiko ka Uganda Women Parliamentary Association (UWOPA) aweereza ku kakiiko k'etteeka ly'ebyemirimu n'ebyenfuna akali awamu n'akadukanya embeera z'ebitundu mu ngeri y'okulaba nga bisala amagezi okulaba nga batuuka ku ntegeka ennya ezitereddwawo.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210418020754/http://uwopa.or.ug/page/uwopa-round-table-committees</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Olukalala lw’abakiise mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey’ekkumi n’ebbiri|Olukalala lw'abakiise mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumineemu]] * [[Olukalala lw’abakiise mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey’ekkumi n’ebbiri|Olukalala lw'abakiise mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi]] * [[Olukalala lw'abakiise mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey'omwenda]] * [[Disitulikiti y'e Bugiri]] * [[Ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekiri mu buyinza ekya National Resistance Movement]] * [[Omubaka wa Palamenti]] * [[Palamenti ya Uganda]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == * [https://www.parliament.go.ug/ Website of the Parliament of Uganda] * [https://twitter.com/AgnesTaaka Agnes Taaka on Twitter] * [https://www.facebook.com/taaka.agnes.1 Agnes Taaka on Facebook] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi Bannayuganda]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi aba NRM]] [[Category:Ba mmemba ba Palamenti Eyekkumineemu]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Disitulikti y'e Bugiri]] [[Category:Abantu abaasomerako ku Ttendekero ly'e Makerere]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abakazi bannabyabufuzi ab'Ekyasa Kyabiri mwekimu]] qx4xirwb29nv9liym7jetsvac8h8ske Agnes Atim Apea 0 7862 59428 48483 2026-07-07T07:43:39Z Ssemmanda will 3837 Okukoppa okuva mu [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] okudda mu [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi Bannayuganda]] nga nkozesa [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 59428 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Agnes Atim Apea''' Munnayuganda [[:en:Social_entrepreneurship|omusuubuzi]] era munnabyabufuzi. Yatandikawo ekitongole kya Hope Development Initiative, era n'alondebwa mu pulogulaamu ya [[:en:BBC|BBC]] ey'[[:en:100_Women_(BBC)|''abakyala 100'']] mu 2017. Mu [[:en:Ugandan_general_election,_2021|kulonda bwa bonna okwa 2021]], yalondebwa ku ky'omubaka wa Palamenti ya Uganda okukiikirira abakyala mu [[:en:Amolatar_District|Disitulikiti y'e Amolatar]] ku lw'ekibiina kya [[:en:National_Resistance_Movement|National Resistance Movement]].<ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/10-incumbents-in-lango-kicked-out-of-parliament-3260664</ref><ref>https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/candidates/atim-agnes-apea-10116/</ref> == Okusoma kwe n'emirimu == Apea alina [[:en:Doctor_of_Philosophy|Diguli eyookusatu]] mu by'enkulaakulana y'ensi yonna okuva mu [[:en:University_of_Reading|Yunivasite y'e Reading]] e Bunegreza, ne [[:en:Master's_degree|Diguli eyookubiri]] okuva ku [[:en:Uganda_Martyrs_University|Uganda Martyrs University]] mu byenkulakulana.<ref name="ambass2">{{cite web |title=Agnes Atim Apea, PhD |url=http://www.global-ambassadors.org/people/agnes-atim-apea-phd |accessdate=6 November 2017 |publisher=The Global Ambassadors Program |archive-date=26 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026013806/http://www.global-ambassadors.org/people/agnes-atim-apea-phd |url-status=dead }}</ref> Apea ye ssentebe w'akakiiko ka gavumenti z'ebitundu akavunaanyizibwa ku by'enfuna ng'era ye mutandisi era akulira ekitongole kya Hope Development Initiative,<ref name="columbia">http://www.humanrightscolumbia.org/node/8683</ref><ref>https://www.humanrightscolumbia.org/node/8683</ref> ekikulaakulanya okulima omuceere naddala mu bakyala abalimi mu bitundu eby<nowiki>'enjawulo mu Uganda. Kino kyamuvirako okumukazaako erya ''Maama muceere''</nowiki>.<ref name="vision">https://web.archive.org/web/20171107023410/https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1463285/ugandan-named-innovative-women-world</ref> Ekitongole kye kikungaanyiza [[:en:Agricultural_cooperative|ebibiina by'obwegasi eby'abalimi]] mu Uganda, nekibasindikiriza okufuna ekitundu tundu ekiwerako mu katale. Ng'oggyeko omuceere, Mu kwongereza ku muceere, ebibiina bino bikola na b'ensigo ezikola [[:en:Vegetable_oil|butto ava mu bimera]] n'ebiva mu [[:en:Casava|muwogo]].<ref name="ambass2" /> Ye mubaka wa Palamenti akiikirira abakyala mu Disitulikiti ya Amolatar mu [[:en:Northern_Region,_Uganda|Bukiikakkono bwa Uganda]]. Mu 2017, yalondebwa mu pulogulaamu ya [[:en:BBC|BBC]] ey'[[:en:100_Women_(BBC)|abakyala e 100]].<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-41380265</ref><ref>https://www.vitalvoices.org/fellow/dr-agnes-apea-atim/</ref> Apea yakimannya bweyali agenze okwetaba mu lukungaana lwa African Grain Trade Summit olw'omulundi ogw'omusanvu olwali mu [[:en:Tanzania|Tanzania]], nga bagamba yatumbula obwenkanya mu bitundu wamu n'okusomesa abakyala abato kwekumuteeka ku lukalala.<ref name="vision" /> Mu Palamenti ya Uganda eyekkumineemu, akola ng'omumyuka wa ssentebe ku kakiiko k'eby'obulimi, obulunzi n'obuvubi.<ref>https://parliamentwatch.ug/committees/committee-on-agriculture-animal-industries-fisheries/</ref><ref>http://ugandaradionetwork.com/story/mps-demand-allocation-of-funds-for-food-security</ref> == Laba ne == * [[:en:List_of_members_of_the_eleventh_Parliament_of_Uganda|Olukalala lw'ababaka abali mu Paalamenti ya Uganda eyekumineemu]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi Bannayuganda]] dou7c1zlghb3nv020fcdyr948roi44p Agnes Nandutu 0 7867 59431 57512 2026-07-07T07:43:40Z Ssemmanda will 3837 Okukoppa okuva mu [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] okudda mu [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi Bannayuganda]] nga nkozesa [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 59431 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Agnes Nandutu''' [[:en:Uganda|Munnayuganda]] munnamawulire, munnabyabufuzi eyaliko Minisita omubeezi avunaanyizibwa ku nsonga za Karamoja, ekifo ekyamugibwako Pulezidenti wa Uganda Yoweri Kaguta Museveni n'akikwasa Florence Namboozo Wamala Omubaka omukyala owa Disitulikiti y'e Sironko.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mwarua|first=Douglas|date=2021-01-16|title=Journalists Joel Ssenyonyi, Agnes Nandutu and 3 others elected to parliament|url=https://www.tuko.co.ke/399970-uganda-elections-journalists-joel-ssenyonyi-agnes-nandutu-3-elected-parliament.html|access-date=2021-04-02|website=Tuko.co.ke - Kenya news.|language=en}}</ref> Mu 2020 yeenyigira mu kamyufu k'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement <ref>{{Cite web|last=Masaba|first=Isaac|date=2020-07-24|title=NTV Uganda's Agnes Nandutu picks NRM nomination forms for Bududa Woman MP seat|url=https://pearltimes.co.ug/ntv-ugandas-agnes-nandutu-picks-nrm-nomination-forms-for-bududa-woman-mp-seat/|access-date=2021-04-02|website=The Pearl Times|language=en-US}}</ref>n'awangulwa eyali mu kifo kino Omubaka omukyala Justin Khainza,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/2020/09/21/nrms-agnes-nandutu-says-the-poor-can-no-longer-win-an-election-in-uganda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-04-06 |archive-date=2021-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602212305/https://www.matookerepublic.com/2020/09/21/nrms-agnes-nandutu-says-the-poor-can-no-longer-win-an-election-in-uganda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-24|title=NTV journalist Agnes Nandutu picks NRM nomination forms|url=https://eagle.co.ug/2020/07/24/ntv-journalist-agnes-nandutu-picks-nrm-nomination-forms.html|access-date=2021-04-02|website=Eagle Online|language=en-GB}}</ref> naye mu kalulu ka bonna aka 2021, ng'avuganya nga talina kibiina, yalondebwa nga Omubaka Omukyala akiikirira Disitulikiti y'e Bududa.<ref>{{cite web|author=Godfrey Lugaaju|title=Four journalists set to grace the 11th parliament|newspaper=PML Daily|date=18 January 2021|url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2021/01/four-journalists-set-to-grace-the-11th-parliament.html|access-date=21 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-24|title=How Agnes Nandutu used journalism to build a career in politics|url=https://www.watchdoguganda.com/news/20210124/107872/how-agnes-nandutu-used-journalism-to-build-a-career-in-politics.html|access-date=2021-04-02|website=Watchdog Uganda|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Updates|first=Grapevine|date=2021-01-21|title=How Journalist Agnes Nandutu Rose From 4th Spot In NRM Primaries To Claim 1st Position In Finals: The Incoming Bududa Woman MP's 'Spirits' Aided Her To Beat Her Opponent Point-Blank!|url=https://www.thegrapevine.co.ug/how-journalist-agnes-nandutu-rose-from-4th-spot-in-nrm-primaries-to-claim-1st-position-in-finals-the-incoming-bududa-woman-mps-spirits-aided-her-to-beat-her-opponent-point-blank/|access-date=2021-04-02|website=Grapevine News|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-06-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602212842/https://www.thegrapevine.co.ug/how-journalist-agnes-nandutu-rose-from-4th-spot-in-nrm-primaries-to-claim-1st-position-in-finals-the-incoming-bududa-woman-mps-spirits-aided-her-to-beat-her-opponent-point-blank/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=From Newsroom to House Floor: How Journalists Performed in Last Week's Elections |url=https://chimpreports.com/from-newsroom-to-house-floor-how-journalists-performed-in-last-weeks-elections/ |access-date=2021-04-02 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US|date=2021-01-19}}</ref> == Obuto n'okusoma kwe == Nandutu yazaalibwa mu Disitulikiti y'e [[Bududa]] mu Uganda. Ono wa lubu lwa ggwanga ly'aBantu, ery'Abagisu. Nandutu yasomerako ku Bumwali primary school gye yatandikira okusoma, era nga eno gye yamaliririza P.7. Yayingira essomero lya Bbulo girls secondary,<ref>{{Cite web |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|date=2022-09-16|title=Agnes Nandutu: Biography, Family and Husband|url=https://flashugnews.com/agnes-nandutu-biography-age-family-and-husband/|access-date=2026-04-11|website=Flash Uganda Media|language=English}}</ref> era yasomerako ne ku Uphill College e Mbuya nga eno gye yamaliririza siniya eyookuna n'eyoomukaaga lwakuba nti yagwa siniya eyoomukaaga era naagiddamu mu 2017<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hon. Agnes Nandutu- A woman who has risen from Grass to Grace|url=https://www.worldpulse.org/story/hon-agnes-nandutu-a-woman-who-has-risen-from-grass-to-grace-45122|access-date=2026-04-11|website=World Pulse|language=en}}</ref> mu kiseera ekyo yasomera ku Bubuulo Girls' Secondary School gye yava okugenda ku Blucheke secondary school gye yamaliriza siniya eyoomukaaga.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|last=Nanziri|first=Doreen|title=Agnes Nandutu's tough childhood was worth it|url=https://observer.ug/lifestyle/66517-agnes-nandutu-s-tough-childhood-was-worth-it|access-date=2 April 2021|website=[[The Observer (Uganda)]]|date=10 September 2020|location=Kampala, Uganda}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Mu 1997, yeegata ku mukutu gwa Radio Uganda ng'akola nga omusasi w'amawulire. Oluvannyuma, n'agenda okusoma Dipulooma mu Mawulire ku ttendekero lya Uganda Institute of Journalism and Media studies. Yakolako mu ''Daily Monitor'' ng'omusasi w'amawulire. Wakati wa 2002 ne 2008, Nandutu yakolako ku mukutu gwa leediyo ya Impact FM nga omusasi w'amawulire nga tannaba kwegatta ku mukutu gwa ttivi ogwa NTV Uganda.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Hon. Agnes Nandutu- A woman who has risen from Grass to Grace |url=https://www.worldpulse.org/story/hon-agnes-nandutu-a-woman-who-has-risen-from-grass-to-grace-45122 |access-date=2026-04-11 |website=World Pulse |language=en}}</ref> Yali mukugu mu kusaka amawulire g'ebyobufuzi ku mukutu gwa ttivi ya NTV Uganda. Nandutu yeeyali omukubiriza era sipiika wa NTV citizen debate, pulogulamu eyali ayitibwa "The People’s Parliament."<ref name="NTV">{{Cite web |url=https://www.ntv.co.ug/anchors/4521988-4521974-2acvmr/index.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-04-06 |archive-date=2020-03-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323170944/https://www.ntv.co.ug/anchors/4521988-4521974-2acvmr/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":2" />Yaweereza nga pulezidenti w'ekibiina ekigatta Bannamawulire ku Palamenti okuva mu 2011 okutuuka mu 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-04-29|title=NTV's Agness Nanduttu Reelected UPPA President|url=https://chimpreports.com/9689-ntvs-agness-nanduttu-reelected-uppa-president/|access-date=2021-04-02|website=ChimpReports|language=en-US}}</ref> Y'awandiika n'okuttaanya pulogulaamu emannyiddwa ennyo ku mukutu gwa ttivi ya NTV Uganda eyitibwa Point Blank.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sqoop.co.ug/201201/four-one-one/i-am-agnes-nandutuuuuuuu.html|title=I am Agnes Nandutuuuuuuu – Sqoop – Get Uganda entertainment news, celebrity gossip, videos and photos|last=Batte|first=Edgar R.|date=26 January 2012|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-23}}</ref> Mu 2011, yafuna ekirabo kya ssekukkulu okuva mu ku ''The Observer'' olwa pulogulaamu ye ku mukutu gwa NTV eyitibwa, Point Blank.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=16399:christmas-gifts-from-the-observer-for-agnes-nandutu-lord-mayor- |access-date=2021-04-06 |archive-date=2022-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017080935/https://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=16399:christmas-gifts-from-the-observer-for-agnes-nandutu-lord-mayor- |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Everyday Life: Agnes Nandutu on life and journalism|date=5 June 2015|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z-Yd8BuekXU|language=en|access-date=2021-04-02}}</ref> == Emisango gye mu b'amateeka == Mu kiseera kye ng’omubaka wa Palamenti mu Disitulikiti y’e Bududa, Nandutu era yaweerezaako nga Minisita w’eggwanga ow’ensonga z'e Karamoja okuva mu 2016 okutuuka mu 2021. Nga 19 Gwokuna 2023, emivuyo gy’amabaati g'e [[Karamoja]] gyatuuka mu bantu, ne kizuulwa nti wakati w'Ogwokuna n'Ogwokutaano 2022, yali afunye amabaati agaali gakola ekitundu ku nsimbi ez’okugatta ku buwumbi bwa Shs39.94 okuva mu ofiisi ya Ssaabaminisita.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Omara|first=Geoffrey|date=2026-04-10|title=Iron Sheet Theft: Nandutu Sentenced to 4 Years in Jail|url=https://chimpreports.com/iron-sheet-theft-nandutu-sentenced-to-4-years-in-jail/|access-date=2026-04-10|website=ChimpReports|language=en-US}}</ref> Ebikozesebwa bino, ebyali bigendereddwamu okugenda mu bitundu by'e Karamoja, byazuulibwa nga biterekeddwa mu maka ge e Mukono. Mu nsala ya kkooti, omulamuzi Jane Kajuga yategeeza nti kino kyali kyenkana n'okubeera n’ebintu bya gavumenti mu ngeri emenya amateeka n’etatuukiridde.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=2026-04-09 |title=Iron sheets scandal: Ex-minister Nandutu convicted, remanded to Luzira |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/iron-sheets-scandal-ex-minister-nandutu-convicted-remanded-to-luzira-5416960 |access-date=2026-04-10 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’ensala ya kkooti nga 8 Ogwokuna 2026, Nandutu yasingisibwa omusango era n’atwalibwa ng’agwanidde okusibwa emyaka musanvu. Okweyimirirwa kwe kwasazibwamu, era n’azzibwayo mu kkomera [[Luzira|e Luzira]] nga bwe balindirira okuwa ensala eyali esembayo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ayebare |first=Dan |title=I'm a Single Mother of Seven: Nandutu Seeks Leniency, Apologises to Karamoja |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/333650/im-a-single-mother-of-seven-nandutu-seeks-leniency-apologises-to-karamoja |access-date=2026-04-10 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref> Ku Lwokutaano nga 10 Ogwokuna 2026, Nandutu yalabikako mu kkooti ne yeetondera [[Politics of Uganda|Gavumenti ya Uganda]] n’abantu bonna olw’ebikolwa bye. Yasaba ekibonerezo ekitono ennyo, ng’alaga obuvunaanyizibwa bwe obw’okulabirira nnyina omulwadde ow’emyaka 80 n’abaana abawerako b’asasulira ssente z’essomero, ng’agamba nti ye yekka asobola okulabirira abantu mu maka ge. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ayebare |first=Dan |title=I'm a Single Mother of Seven: Nandutu Seeks Leniency, Apologises to Karamoja |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/333650/im-a-single-mother-of-seven-nandutu-seeks-leniency-apologises-to-karamoja |access-date=2026-04-10 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref> Yayongera okutegeeza kkooti nti yalina obulwadde bw’okwekwata kw'omusaayi mu mawuggwe ekimuviiriddeko okuzirika emirundi egy'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=URN|date=2026-04-10|title=Nandutu apologises to Museveni over iron sheet theft, pleads for non-custodial sentence|url=https://observer.ug/news/nandutu-apologises-to-museveni-over-iron-sheets-theft-pleads-for-non-custodial-sentence/|access-date=2026-04-10|website=The Observer|language=en-US}}</ref> Ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti omukulu Alet Innocent yagamba nti Nandutu yalina okufuna ekibonerezo kya myaka kkumi obutabeera mu ofiisi ya gavumenti, n’alaga nti omusango yaguzza ng’aweereza nga minisita. Ono era yateesa engassi ya sillingi za Uganda obukadde busatu n’obukadde 200, nga z'enkanankana n’obubonero 160 mu mateeka ga Uganda. Wabula omulamuzi Kajuga yakiraba nti Nandutu yali amenya amateeka omulundi gwe ogusooka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kyakala.com/agnes-nandutu-obore-parliament-doesnt-belong-family/|title=Agnes Nandutu to Obore: Parliament doesn't belong to your family|last=Pro|first=Sadamix|date=2019-02-06|website=Kyakala|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-23}}{{Dead link|date=November 2024|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> == Ebikontana ku ye == Mu 2017, dayirekita w'ebyempuliziganya mu palamenti yagaana okuwa Nandutu olukusa okukwata mawulire mu palamenti ya Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kyakala.com/agnes-nandutu-obore-parliament-doesnt-belong-family/|title=Agnes Nandutu to Obore: Parliament doesn't belong to your family|last=Pro|first=Sadamix|date=2019-02-06|website=Kyakala|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-23}}{{Dead link|date=November 2024|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Mu 2020, mukaseera k'okunonya akalulu k'ababaka ba Palamenti, Nandutu yasabibwa okwanjulira abalonzi bbaawe, ekintu ekyamulema okukola wabula n'asaba abalonzi ng'ali ku leediyo okumufunira omusajja amusaana era n'abasaba esira okuliteeka ku by'okukiikirirwa obulungi mu kifo ky'obufumbo. Ensonga y'obufumbo yaletawo okusika omuguwa mu bantu.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-17|title=Bududa woman MP campaigns: Voters task NTV's Agnes Nandutu to present husband|url=https://www.independent.co.ug/bududa-woman-mp-campaigns-voters-task-ntvs-agnes-nandutu-to-present-husband/|access-date=2021-04-02|website=The Independent Uganda|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Bududa Woman MP Campaigns: Voters Task NTVs Agnes Nandutu to Present Husband|url=http://ugandaradionetwork.com/story/bududa-woman-mp-campaigns-voters-task-ntvs-agnes-nandutu-to-present-husband|access-date=2021-04-02|website=Uganda Radio Network|language=en}}</ref> Nandutu yategeeza nga bw'alina abaana musanvu wadde nga teyayagala kufulumya bisingawo ku nsonga eyo bwe yali mu mboozi ey'akafubo n'olupapula lwa ''The Observer.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Nanziri|first=Doreen|title=Agnes Nandutu's tough childhood was worth it|url=https://observer.ug/lifestyle/66517-agnes-nandutu-s-tough-childhood-was-worth-it|access-date=2 April 2021|website=[[The Observer (Uganda)]]|date=10 September 2020|location=Kampala, Uganda}}</ref>'' Nga 10 Ogwokuna 2026, ekitongole ekirwanyisa obuli bw’enguzi ekya kkooti enkulu mu Uganda ky'asalira Nandutu ekibonerezo ky’okusibwa emyaka ena oluvannyuma lw’okumusingisa omusango gw’okukozesa mu bukyamu amabaati ga gavumenti agaali gagendereddwamu okuyamba abantu abaavu mu kitundu ky’e Karamoja.<ref name="SentR">{{cite web|url=https://softpower.ug/agnes-nandutu-sentenced-to-four-years-over-karamoja-iron-sheets-case/|title=Agnes Nandutu Sentenced To Four Years Over Karamoja Iron Sheets Case|work=SoftPower Uganda|author=Rogers Atukunda|date=10 April 2026|access-date=10 April 2026|location=Kampala, Uganda}}</ref> == Envumbo z’ensi yonna == Nga 30 Ogwokuna, 2024, ofiisi ya Bungereza ey’ensonga z’ebweru yalangirira envumbo ku Agnes Nandutu ng'omuntu n’omukungu omulala ow’oku ntikko mu Uganda wansi w'enteekateeka yaayo ey’envumbo mu nsi yonna ey’okulwanyisa obuli bw’enguzi olw’okwenyigira mu kulya enguzi ey’amaanyi ku bikwatagana n’okugaba mu ngeri emenya amateeka enkumi n’enkumi z’amabaati agaaweebwayo okuzimba amayumba g’abantu abaavu mu kitundu ky’e Karamoja ng’emu ku pulojekiti gavumenti ze yateekamu ssente, ekyaletera okusiba okusiba eby’obugagga bwe n’okuwera entambula ye.<ref>{{Cite web |title=UK sanctions corrupt politicians in Uganda who stole from vulnerable communities |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-sanctions-corrupt-politicians-in-uganda-who-stole-from-vulnerable-communities |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=GOV.UK |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Financial Sanctions Notice 30/04/2024 |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6630b43d3579e7a8f398a9ba/Notice_Global_Anti-Corruption_300424.pdf}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Parliament of Uganda]] * Member of Parliament * List of Member of the 10th Parliament of Uganda * Karamoja sub-region * Bududa District * [[Robinah Nabbanja]] * NTV Uganda * Daily Mornitor == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi Bannayuganda]] sk7bpx2p4flkmhedjytk7r1ii8xarul Janet Museveni 0 7883 59415 54363 2026-07-07T07:06:19Z Ssemmanda will 3837 Ntereezezzaamu katono 59415 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Museveni Janet Kataaha.jpg|thumb|Museveni Janet Kataaha.jpg]] '''Janet Kainembabazi Museveni''' era amanyiddwa nga Janet Kataaha Museveni (yazaalibwa nga 24 Ogwomukaaga 1948), nga munnabyabufuzi Omunayuganda, nga abadde o[[:en:First_Lady|mukyala wa pulezidenti]] wa [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] okuviira ddala mu 1986. Mukyala eyafumbirwa Pulezidenti [[:en:Yoweri_Museveni|Yoweri Museveni,]] nga bano balina abaana bana. Abadde Minisita wa Kabineeti avunaanyizibwa ku Byenjigiriza N'ebyemizannyo mu Kabineeti ya Uganda, okuva nga 6 Ogwomukaaga mu 2016, mu Paalamenti ey'ekkumi n'emu n'eyekkumi n'ebbiri eza Uganda.<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/museveni-unveils-new-cabinet-retains-nabbanja-alupo-and-janet-in-key-reshuffle-5474810 "Museveni unveils new Cabinet, retains Nabbanja, Alupo and Janet in key reshuffle"]. ''Monitor''. 26 May 2026. Retrieved 27 May 2026.</ref> Nga wadde obuyigirize bwe buliko akabuzibwa, oluvannyuma yattikirwa ddiguli eyookubiri eya Masters Art in Organisational Leadership and Management ku Yunivasite ya Uganda Christian University, Mukono nga 30 Ogwekkumi 2015.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20161007121926/http://www.monitor.co.ug/blob/view/-/3235304/data/1345443/-/3o16hn/-/Museveni%27s+cabinet.pdf</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.observer.ug/news/headlines/3693-janets-degree-is-questioned |access-date=2024-04-05 |archive-date=2022-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017100355/https://www.observer.ug/news/headlines/3693-janets-degree-is-questioned |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yawerezaako nga Minisita avunaanyizibwa ku nsonga z'e Karamoja mu kabineeti ya Uganda okuva nga 27 Ogwokutaano, okutuuka nga 6 Ogwomukaaga mu 2016.<ref>http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/1170806/-/c0y8sbz/-/index.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20141211084313/http://newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/755941</ref> Yawerezaako nga Omubaka wa Paalamenti Omulonde eyakiikirirako essaza lya Ruhaama mu Disitulikiti ye [[Ntungamo (disitulikit)|Ntungamo]] wakati wa 2011 ne 2016. Yafulumya ebimukwatako, Olugendo lw'obulamu bwange (''My Life's Journey)'', mu 2011.<ref name="mon---itor">http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/Insight/-/688338/1226382/-/rn0jyf/-/index.html</ref><ref name="ne-wvisi-on">https://web.archive.org/web/20150225182721/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/26/759254</ref>[[File:Yoweri_Kaguta_Museveni_with_Obamas.jpg|thumb|Janet Museveni ne Yoweri Kaguta Museveni nga bali ne Barrack Obama ne mukyala we Mitchelle Obama]] == Obulamu bwe n'obufumbo == Janet Kainembabazi Kataaha yazaalibwa mu saza lya Kajarra mu Disitulikiti ye Ntungamo<ref>https://janetmuseveni.org/biography/</ref> nga bazadde be yeeyali Edward Birori ne Mrs. Mutesi. Yasomera ku Kyamate Primary School wamu ne Bweranyangi Girls' Senior Secondary School mu Uganda. Yatikirwa ne Diguli ey'okubiri mu By'enjigiriza mu by'okutegeka obukulembezze wamu n'okubudukanya nga 30 Ogwegumi mu 2015 okuva ku Uganda Christian University.<ref>https://campusbee.ug/news/top-10-prominent-ucu-alumnus/</ref> Janet Museveni yagenda mu buwangaguse mu 1971 olw'okubeeta nga baali banyagulula eby'amaguzi okuva ku bantu ba Uganda mu kaseera k'olutalo olw'omunda, Idi Amin bweyavirako obukulembezze bwa Milton Obote okugwa nga akozesa amagye okumuwamba. Yafumbirwa Yoweri Museveni imu Gwomunaana miu 1973.<ref name="Butagira2010">http://allafrica.com/stories/201005240504.html</ref> Obukulembezze bwa Idi Amin webwali buvudde mu buyinza mu Gwokuna mu 1979, yakomawo mu Uganda okuva e Tanzania gyeyali abeera mu buwangaguse ne bbaawe . Mu Gwokubiri mu 1981, Yoweri Museveni yatongoza olutalo lw'obuyekera ku gavumenti ya Obote, Janet Museveni n'abaana bbe basengula nebagenda e [[:en:Nairobi|Nairobi]], mu ggwanga lye [[:en:Kenya|Kenya,]]<nowiki/>ng'eno gyebabeera n'emikwano gya famire okutuuka mu 1983. Mu 1983, bagenda mu kibuga kya [[:en:Gothenburg|Gothenburg,]] e [[:en:Sweden|Sweden]], gyebabeera okutuuka mu Gwokutaano mu 1986, emyezi enna oluvannyuma lwa magye ga Yoweri Museveni aga National Resistance Army okuwamba obuyinza mu [[:en:Kampala|Kampala.]] == Emirimu gye == Janet Museveni yatandikawo ekibiina ky'abakyala mu 1986 ekiyamba okuyamba bamulekwa ekya Uganda Women's Effort to Save Orphans (UWESO), nga kino kya bwanannyini, kyeyagamba kyali kikoleddwa n'obumannyirivu bwe bw'okubeera omunoonyi woobubuddamu. Yatandika okwenyigira mu kakuyege w'okulwanyida akawuka ka siriimu mu Uganda mu myaka gya 1990, n'atandikawo enkolagana n'abasumba nga Martin Ssempa olw'okusomesa munsonga z'obutenyigira mu kwegadanga mu Uganda.<ref>''The Economist'', July 3, 2010, page 45.</ref> Mu Gwekuminoogumu mu 2005, yalangirira nga bweyali ayagala ekifo ky'obwa Paalamenti mu Saza lya Ruhaama mu kulonda kwabonna okwaliwo mu Gwokubiri mu 2006. Yavuganya mu kifo kino ng'attunka n'eyali ow'ekibiina kya [[:en:Forum_for_Democratic_Change|Forum for Democratic Change]], Augustine Ruzindana,gweyawangulira ddala nga amusingidde wala. Yaddamu n'alondebwa mu Gwokusatu mu 2011 kukisaja ekyali eky'emyaka emirala etaano. Nga 16 Ogwekumineebiri mu 2009, Janet Museveni yaweebwa eky'okubeeta Minisita Omubeezi Ow'ensonga ze Karamoja, nga kyamuweebwa baawe Pulezidenti Yoweri Museveni.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20090222031330/http://www.africanews.com/site/Uganda_First_lady_appointed_minister/list_messages/23249</ref> Oga 27 ngwokutaano mu 2011 yalinyisibwasn'atekebwa ku ky'okubeera [[:en:Karamoja|Minisita w'ensonga z'e Karamoja]], nga ayongerezaako eky'okubeera Minisita Omubeezi ow'ensonga ze Karamoja.<ref>https://www.monitor.co.ughttps//www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/full-of-list-of-ugandan-ministers-appointed-by-president-museveni--1492836</ref> Nga 6 Ogwomukaaga mu 2016, oluvannyuma lwa baabwe okubeera nga yali azeemu okulondebwa nga Pulezidenti, yaweebwa eky'okubeeta Minisita avunaanyizibwa ku By'enjigiriza N'eby'emizannyo. == Abaana == Abaana abana aba Janet ne Yoweri Museveni beebano * [[:en:Muhoozi_Kainerugaba|Muhoozi Kainerugaba]] eyazaalibwa mu 1974, nga [[:en:General|General]]<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DzA5ORGITwc</ref><ref>https://www.monitor.co.ughttps//www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/museveni-promotes-muhoozi-to-rank-of-major-general-1650632</ref> mu ggye ly'eggwanga erya[[:en:Uganda_People's_Defence_Force|UPDF]] ng'era Kti ye muduumizi waalyo.<ref name="Butagira2010" /><ref>http://www.nation.co.ke/News/africa/-/1066/446200/-/14anqyoz/-/index.html</ref> * Natasha Karugire nga yazaalibwa mu 1976. Ono akola misono gyangoye ng'e ra yeebuzibwaako, ng'era mufumbo nga baawe ye Edwin Karugire. Omuwandiisi ow'okulusegere lwa [[:en:President_of_Uganda|Pulezidenti wa Uganda]] kunsonga z'awaka.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100219075224/http://newvision.co.ug/D/8/217/392752/Diana_Museveni</ref> * Patience Rwabwogo yazaalibwa mu 1978, nga musumba w'e kanisa ya Covenant Nations Church,<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20180412041307/http://www.covenantnationschurch.org/</ref> e Buziga mu [[:en:Kampala|Kampala]] nga mufumbo ng'era baawe ye Odrek Rwabwogo.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100225172952/http://newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/539065/Patience_Rwabogo_Church</ref> * Diana Kamuntu eyazaalibwa mu 1980 nga mufumbo, ng'era omwami we ye Geoffrey Kamuntu.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100225173102/http://newvision.co.ug/D/9/40/393675/Diana_Museveni</ref> == Obutabo bw'afulumiza == *   == Laba ne bino == * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] * [[:en:Cabinet_of_Uganda|Kabineeti ya Uganda]] * [[:en:Government_of_Uganda|Gavumenti ya Uganda]] * [[:en:Henry_Tumukunde|Henry Tumukunde]] == Ebijuliziddwaamu == {{Reflist}} == Ewalala w'oyinza okubiggya == * Media related to Janet Museveni at Wikimedia Commons * [http://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/ugandaat50/Janet+Museveni++Emerging+from+the+shadows/-/1370466/1458664/-/9ktuixz/-/index.html Eby'ogera ku Janet Museveni mu 2012] * [http://iisd.ca:8080/ramgen/linkages/sd/ifpri/3museveni.rm Janet Museveni byeyayogera mu kulukungaana lwa IISD olwali mu Kampala mu 2004] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090503105619/http://www.independent.co.ug/index.php/cover-story/cover-story/690-family-rule-in-uganda-?showall=1 Famire ya Museveni esinganibwamiu abantu abawerako] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] 8xngfrea4qzjx6i95n88yorggbxt373 Aisha Sekindi 0 7884 59430 57858 2026-07-07T07:43:40Z Ssemmanda will 3837 Okukoppa okuva mu [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] okudda mu [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi Bannayuganda]] nga nkozesa [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 59430 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Aisha Sekindi''' (yazaalibwa nga 4 Ogwekkumineebiri 1970<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Sekindi Aisha |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=114 |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=17 April 2020 |website=Parliament of Uganda}}</ref>) [[Munnayuganda]], omusomesa era omubaka wa Palamenti. Okuva mu Gwokubiri 2022, akola nga Minisita omubeezi ow’eby'amazzi era nga ye mubaka omukyala akiikirira [[Kalungu (disitulikit)|disitulikiti y’e Kalungu]] mu [[Olukalala lw'abakiise b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga olw'ekkumi n'olumu olw'e Uganda|palamenti ya Uganda ey’ekkumineemu]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hon. Aisha Sekindi {{!}} Ministry of Water and Environment |url=https://www.mwe.go.ug/people/hon-aisha-sekindi |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502215716/https://www.mwe.go.ug/people/hon-aisha-sekindi |archive-date=2024-05-02 |access-date=2022-02-25 |website=www.mwe.go.ug}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Parliament of Uganda |date=3 August 2021 |title=MEMBERS OF THE 11TH PARLIAMENT AS AT 03 AUGUST 2021 |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/sites/default/files/Members.pdf |access-date=25 February 2022 |website=Parliament of Uganda}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Aisha Ssekindi |url=https://theyworkforyou.github.io/uganda-parliament-watch/mp/eb9cc7ec-0ca0-4e3d-ab88-59bd2e056f9d/ |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=theyworkforyou.github.io}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-26 |title=Bad weather forces Bududa locals to embrace irrigation |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/bad-weather-forces-bududa-locals-to-embrace-irrigation-3631776 |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/bad-weather-forces-bududa-locals-to-embrace-irrigation-3631776 "Bad weather forces Bududa locals to embrace irrigation".] ''Monitor''. 2021-11-26. Retrieved 2023-05-16.</ref><ref>Admin (2026-06-02). [https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/news/in-pictures-vetting-of-ministers-and-minister-NV_234811_062026 "News: 📸 In pictures: Vetting of ministers and ministers of state-designate day two"]. ''New Vision''. Retrieved 2026-06-08.</ref> Yadda mu bigere by'omubaka Ronald Kibuule eyamukwasa ofiisi eno mu Gwomusanvu 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-02 |title=Kibuule Hands Over Office to New State Minister for Water, Aisha Sekindi |url=https://chimpreports.com/kibuule-hands-over-office-to-new-state-minister-for-water-aisha-sekindi/ |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> Yalina ekifo kye kimu mu palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi. Mu by'obufuzi, ali mu kibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-02 |title=Kibuule Hands Over Office to New State Minister for Water, Aisha Sekindi |url=https://chimpreports.com/kibuule-hands-over-office-to-new-state-minister-for-water-aisha-sekindi/ |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> nga yesimbira ku tikiti yaakyo mu kuvuganya mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2016,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-02 |title=Kibuule Hands Over Office to New State Minister for Water, Aisha Sekindi |url=https://chimpreports.com/kibuule-hands-over-office-to-new-state-minister-for-water-aisha-sekindi/ |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> mweyawangulira Aisha Naluyati Waligo owa [[Ekibiina kya Democratic Party(Uganda)|Democratic Party Uganda]] (DP).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-02 |title=Kibuule Hands Over Office to New State Minister for Water, Aisha Sekindi |url=https://chimpreports.com/kibuule-hands-over-office-to-new-state-minister-for-water-aisha-sekindi/ |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=10 judges assigned to hear 140 election appeals |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/10-judges--assigned--140-election--appeals/688334-3453386-format-xhtml-fyuf4wz/index.html |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=17 April 2020 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}}{{Dead link|date=October 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Agataliikonfuufu: Minisita Aisha Ssekindi akuutidde bannabyabufuzi baleme okuwuuddisanga bannansi |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/118782123 |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Citation|title=Court of Appeal upholds Aisha Ssekindi's election as Kalungu Woman MP|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EOp0ac-GsvE|language=en|access-date=2023-02-09}}</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Aisha Sekindi yazaalibwa nga 4 Ogwekkumineebiri 1970. Yasomera ku Kyato Muslim Primary School gye yava mu 1984 ne yeegatta ku Kadugala Secondary School gy'eyasomera siniya eya wansi era gyeyafunira Satifikeeti eya siniya eyookuna, mu 1988. Oluvannyuma mu 1995, yafuna satifikeeti mu busomesa okuva mu ttendekero ly'abasomesa elya Kibuli Teachers Training College.<ref name=":0" /> == Emirimu gye == Wadde Aisha Sekindi yatandika ng’omumyuka w’akulira essomero lya Saint Kizito Primary School, Lwengo (1997 okutuuka 2001), yagenda mu maaso n’afuuka kansala ku LC 5 ow'e Lwabenge<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Mugera |first=Isaac |date= |title=Former Kalungu East MP Jailed for Six Months for Failing to Pay Court Costs |url=http://ugandaradionetwork.com/story/former-kalungu-east-mp-jailed-for-six-months-for-failing-to-pay-court-costs |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=17 April 2020 |website=Uganda Radio Network |language=en}}</ref> era omuwandiisi w'ekikula ky'abantu mu gavumenti z'ebitundu mu [[Masaka (disitulikit)|disitulikiti y'e Masaka]] wakati wa 2001 ne 2007.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":12" /> Nga tannafuuka mubaka wa palamenti, Aisha Sekindi yaliko omumyuka w'omubaka wa pulezidenti mu [[Lira (disitulikit)|disitulikiti y’e Lira]] wakati wa 2013 ne 2014. Ekyo nga tekinnatuuka, yaweereza mu kifo kye kimu mu [[Tororo (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Tororo]] (2011 okutuuka 2013) ne [[Kamuli (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Kamuli]] (2007 okutuuka 2011).<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mutyaba |first=Gertrude |title=Kalungu Woman MP Survives Election Petition |url=http://ugandaradionetwork.com/story/kalungu-woman-mp-survives-election-petition |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=Uganda Radio Network |language=en}}</ref> Wakati wa 2010 ne 2011, yali akola ng'omubaka wa pulezidenti mu [[Buyende (disitulikit)|disitulikiti y’e Buyende]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mutyaba |first=Gertrude |title=Kalungu Woman MP Survives Election Petition |url=http://ugandaradionetwork.com/story/kalungu-woman-mp-survives-election-petition |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=Uganda Radio Network |language=en}}</ref> Ng’omubaka omukyala mu palamenti ya Uganda ey’ekkumi, yali mmemba mu kibiina kya [[Ekibiina ekigatta abakyala mu Paalamenti ya Uganda|Uganda Women Parliamentary Association]] (UWOPA)<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Members of UWOPA of 10th Parliament |url=http://uwopa.or.ug/content/members-uwopa-10th-parliament |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418030533/http://uwopa.or.ug/content/members-uwopa-10th-parliament |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=17 April 2020 |website=Uganda Women Parliament Association}}</ref> era atuula ku kakiiko ka palamenti akavunaanyizibwa ku [[Ebyamalimiro|by’obulimi]]. == Obukuubagano == Waliggo Aisha Nuluyati owa DP yaggulawo omusango ku Aisha Sekindi mu kkooti enkulu ku bigambibwa nti Sekindi teyalina bisaanyizo by'okusoma ebyetaagisa ku kifo ky’omubaka wa Palamenti omukyala (MP) kye yalondebwamu. Wadde nga bino byayogerwako, Sekindi yalangirirwa ng’omubaka omukyala omutuufu owa disitulikiti y’e Kalungu oluvannyuma lw’okulonda kwa 2016.<ref name=":2" /> Mu Gwokusatu 2023, erinnya lya Aisha Sekindi era lyafulumizibwa nga lyekuusa ku nsonga za mabaati g'e Karamoja agabbibwa,<ref name="theafricareport.com2">{{Cite web |title=Uganda: Iron sheets scandal has top government officials on a tightrope |url=https://www.theafricareport.com/295146/uganda-iron-sheets-scandal-has-top-government-officials-on-a-tightrope/ |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=The Africa Report.com |language=en}}</ref> ng'omu ku babaka 30 aba Paalamenti abaali bakwatibwako. Emivuyo gino mwalimu ebigambibwa okubuzaabuza ensimbi ezaali zigendereddwamu okugula n’okugaba amabaati mu bantu abawejjere mu bitundu by’e Karamoja mu Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-26 |title=30 MPs named in iron sheets saga |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/30-mps-named-in-iron-sheets-saga-4172744 |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Byemboijana |first=Muhamadi |date=2023-04-11 |title=Museveni Directs Ministers Who Took Karamoja Iron Sheets to Return Them or Pay |url=https://softpower.ug/museveni-directs-ministers-who-took-karamoja-iron-sheets-to-return-them-or-pay/ |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=SoftPower News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kyama |first=Eric |date=2023-04-13 |title=IGG releases list of gov't officials involved in iron sheets scandal |url=https://www.pulse.ug/news/igg-releases-list-of-govt-officials-involved-in-iron-sheets-scandal/bz7zw7j |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=Pulse Uganda |language=en}}</ref><ref name="theafricareport.com2" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Uganda's watchdog investigates iron sheets procurement |url=https://www.cips.org/supply-management/news/2023/april/ugandas-watchdog-investigates-iron-sheets-procurement/ |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=Supply Management |archive-date=2023-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516101115/https://www.cips.org/supply-management/news/2023/april/ugandas-watchdog-investigates-iron-sheets-procurement/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Palamenti ya Uganda]] * [[Olukalala lw’abakiise mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey’ekkumi n’ebbiri|Olukalala lw'abakiise mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi]] * [[Lira (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Lira]] * [[Tororo (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Tororo]] * [[Kamuli (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Kamuli]] * [[Kalungu (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kalungu]] == Ebijulizidwa == <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == * [http://www.parliament.go.ug/ Omukutu gwa Palamenti ya Uganda] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240502215716/https://www.mwe.go.ug/people/hon-aisha-sekindi Omukutu gwa minisitule y’amazzi n’obutonde bw’ensi] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi Bannayuganda]] [[Category:Abazaalwa mu 1970]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abasiraamu]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi n'emu]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Disitulikiti y'e Kalungu]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi abakyala nannaYuganda mukyasa eky'amakumi abiri mwekimu]] [[Category:Bammemba ba National Resistance Movement (NRM)]] hdhu0v8bl6t6n46029oz0ho0wsdl169 Agnes Acibu 0 7895 59425 55673 2026-07-07T07:43:38Z Ssemmanda will 3837 Okukoppa okuva mu [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] okudda mu [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi Bannayuganda]] nga nkozesa [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 59425 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Agnes Acibu''' [[:en:Uganda|munnayuganda]] munnabyabufuzi era mubaka wa [[:en:Parliament|palamenti]]. Yalondebwa mu ofiisi ng'omubaka omukyala akiikirira [[Nebbi (disitulikit)|disitulikiti y'e Nebbi]] mu [[:en:2021_Ugandan_general_election|kulonda kwa bonna mu Uganda okwa 2021]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-18 |title=List: Who was Elected MP in Uganda |url=https://trumpetnews.co.ug/list-who-was-elected-mp-in-uganda/ |access-date=2021-03-22 |website=Trumpet News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Press |first=West Nile |title=NRM losers defy party, to run on Independent ticket for Nebbi Woman MP seat |url=https://westnilepress.com/nrm-losers-defy-party-to-run-on-independent-ticket-for-nebbi-woman-mp-seat/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017062036/https://westnilepress.com/nrm-losers-defy-party-to-run-on-independent-ticket-for-nebbi-woman-mp-seat/ |archive-date=2022-10-17 |access-date=2021-03-22 |website=WENPA |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Acibu Agnes - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/candidates/acibu-agnes-10614/ |access-date=2023-02-10 |website=visiblepolls.org}}</ref> Mmemba w’ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[National Resistance Movement|ekya National Resistance Movement]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-18 |title=List: Who was Elected MP in Uganda |url=https://trumpetnews.co.ug/list-who-was-elected-mp-in-uganda/ |access-date=2021-03-13 |website=Trumpet News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=List: Who was Elected MP in Uganda – The Ugandan News |url=https://theugandannews.com/2021/01/18/list-who-was-elected-mp-in-uganda/ |access-date=2021-03-22 |archive-date=2021-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228074247/https://theugandannews.com/2021/01/18/list-who-was-elected-mp-in-uganda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Election results. 2021 |url=https://www.ec.or.ug/ecresults/2021/MPS_RESULTS_2021.pdf |access-date=17 April 2023 |website=ec.or.ug}}</ref> Mu palamenti ey’ekkumi n’emu, aweereza ku kakiiko akavunaanyizibwa ku kawuka ka mukenenya n’ensonga ezikwatagana nabyo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Committee on HIV/AIDS and Related Matters – Parliament Watch |url=https://parliamentwatch.ug/committees/committee-on-hiv-aids-and-related-matters/ |access-date=2023-02-10 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Olukalala lw'abakiise b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga olw'ekkumi n'olumu olw'e Uganda|Olukalala lw’abakiise mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey’ekkumi n’emu]] * [[Nebbi (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Neebi]] * [[National Resistance Movement]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]]. * [[:en:Member_of_parliament|Omubaka wa Palamenti]] == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi Bannayuganda]] 74r96sn9vouc3201e5w6rbbvnf3nhs4 Abdu Katuntu 0 7929 59419 58214 2026-07-07T07:43:36Z Ssemmanda will 3837 Okukoppa okuva mu [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] okudda mu [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi Bannayuganda]] nga nkozesa [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 59419 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abdu Katuntu''' (yazaalibwa nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1965)<ref name=":0">[https://flashugnews.com/abdu-katuntu-biography-age-education-family-and-wife/ "Abdu Katuntu: Biography, Age, Education, Family and Wife"]. ''Flash Uganda Media''. 2022-11-28. Retrieved 2023-02-03.</ref> Munnabyabufuzi era munnamateeka Omunnayuganda.<ref>[https://www.independent.co.ug/bou-scandals-linked-to-mutebile-succession-katuntu/ "BoU scandals linked to Mutebile succession-Katuntu"]. ''The Independent Uganda''. 2019-06-26. Retrieved 2023-02-03.</ref><ref>[https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/candidates/katuntu-abdu-6950/ "Katuntu Abdu – 2021 General Election – Visible Polls".] ''visiblepolls.org''. Retrieved 2023-02-03.</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/opponent-explains-why-katuntu-lost-bugweri-mp-seat-5334040 "Opponent explains why Katuntu lost Bugweri MP seat".] ''Monitor''. 2026-01-21. Retrieved 2026-06-29.</ref>Yaliko omubaka akiikirira Bugweri county mu Paalamenti ya Uganda mu Disitulukiti y'e Bugweri.<ref name=":1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20150809022734/http://www.parliament.go.ug/mpdata/mps.hei?p=f&n=t&details=t&j=109.000000&const=Bugweri++County&dist_id=18.000000&distname=Iganga "Mr. Katantu Abdu".] ''Parliament of Uganda''. Archived from [http://www.parliament.go.ug/mpdata/mps.hei?p=f&n=t&details=t&j=109.000000&const=Bugweri++County&dist_id=18.000000&distname=Iganga the original] on August 9, 2015. Retrieved 2016-03-19</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma == Katuntu munnamateeka owa diguli okuva ku [[Makerere University, Uganda|Ssettendekero ya Makerere]] ne dipulooma mu mateeka okuva ku Law Development Center.<ref name=":1" /> == Emirimu gye n'ebyobufuzi == Katuntu yaliko omukiisa wa [[Yuganda|Uganda]]<ref>[http://www.africa-union.org/organs/pan%20african%20parliament/List%20of%20Members%20pap.pdf Pan-African Parliament members as of 15 March 2004] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110518171107/http://www.africa-union.org/organs/pan%20african%20parliament/List%20of%20Members%20pap.pdf|date=18 May 2011}}</ref> mu Paalamenti y'ekibiina ky'amawanga amagatte era n'alondebwa okuweereza ku kakiiko k'eddembe ly'obuntu.<ref name=":0" /> Katuntu yakolerako kampuni y'ebyamateeka ya Kadaaga and company advocates eya, [[Rebecca Kadaga|Rebecca Kadaaga]].<ref name=":0" /> Yaliko mmemba wa Forum for Democratic Change okutuuka mu 2021.<ref name=":2">Katungulu, Amon (2022-04-01). [https://nilepost.co.ug/2022/04/01/museveni-appoints-abdu-katuntu-minister-of-justice-and-constitutional-affairs/ "Museveni appoints Abdu Katuntu minister of Justice and Constitutional Affairs"]. ''Nile Post''. Retrieved 2023-02-03.</ref><ref name=":0" /> Yaweerezaako nga Ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti ey'ekisiikirize mu paalamenti okutuuka mu 2018,<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Opposition-names-new-shadow-cabinet-/688334-2203736-lyomyqz/index.html "Opposition names new shadow cabinet: Alice Alaso to PAC"]. ''Daily Monitor''. Retrieved 2020-05-30.</ref> oluvannyuma n'asikizibwa Wilfred Niwagaba.<ref>child (2018-03-07). [https://www.parliament.go.ug/page/shadow-cabinet "Shadow Cabinet"]. ''www.parliament.go.ug''. Retrieved 2020-05-30.</ref> Katuntu yasooka okulondebwa ku bubaka bwa Paalamenti mu 2006.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" /> [[File:Katuntu Abdu.jpg|left|thumb|Katuntu Abdu]] Mu kalulu ka bonna aka 2006, yawangulwa Kirunda Kivejinja ku kifo ky'obubaka bwa Paalamenti wabula n'awakanya ebyava mu kulonda ng'agamba okulonda kwalimu emivuyo mingi.<ref>[https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/anti-katuntu-demonstrations-held-in-bugweri-county "Anti-Katuntu Demonstrations Held in Bugweri County"]. ''Uganda Radionetwork''. Retrieved 2020-05-30.</ref> Kkooti yakizuula nti mu kiseera kkampeyini ne ku lunaku lw'okulonda waaliwo okutiisatiisa n'okutulugunya abantu mu Konsitituwensi y'e Bugweri, ekyaviirako Kirunda Kivijinja okuwangula.<ref>{{Cite court|litigants=Katuntu Abdu v Kirunda Kivejinja Ali and Another (Election Petition No. 7 of 2006)|court=UGHC|date=31 December 2006|url=http://old.ulii.org/ug/judgment/high-court/2007/3|accessdate=2016-03-19}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Oluvannyuma okulonda kwaddibwamu era Katuntu n'akuwangula.<ref>[http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1213362/katuntu-wins-hotly-contested-bugweri-byelection "Katuntu wins hotly contested Bugweri byelection"]. ''www.newvision.co.ug''. Retrieved 2020-05-30.</ref><ref name=":0" /> Mu kalulu ka bonna ak'omwaka gwa 2011.<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1213362/katuntu-wins-hotly-contested-bugweri-byelection</ref>Katuntu yazzibwayo mu paalamenti okuweereza ekisanja ekirala. [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi Bannayuganda]] <references /> [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1965]] [[Category:Abaasomerako ku Law development Centre]] [[Category:Abaasomerako ku Yunivasity y'e Makerere]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda eyoomwenda]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Kiira College Butiki]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi n'emu]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi ba Forum for Democratic Change]] 0m3iya03v71t5jjyf4z6bitgjy977d5 Aggrey Bagiire 0 7945 59424 48479 2026-07-07T07:43:38Z Ssemmanda will 3837 Okukoppa okuva mu [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] okudda mu [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi Bannayuganda]] nga nkozesa [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 59424 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Aggrey Henry Bagiire''' [[:en:Uganda|Munnayuganda]] era munnabyabufuzi. Ye [[:en:Transport|Minisita omubeezi ow'ebyentambula]] mu [[:en:Cabinet_of_Uganda|Kabinenti ya Uganda.]] Yalondebwa mu kifo ekyo nga 6 Ogwomukaaga 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/blob/view/-/3235304/data/1345443/-/3o16hn/-/Museveni%2527s+cabinet.pdf |access-date=2021-08-12 |archive-date=2016-10-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007121926/http://www.monitor.co.ug/blob/view/-/3235304/data/1345443/-/3o16hn/-/Museveni%27s+cabinet.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi,]] yaweerezaako ng'omubaka mu Palamenti owa Bunya County ey'omubugwanjuba, mu Disitulikiti y'e Mayuge (okuva 2016–2021).<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160527141255/http://www.parliament.go.ug/new/index.php/members-of-parliament/members-of-parliament</ref> == Laba ne == * [[:en:Cabinet_of_Uganda|Kabineeti ya Uganda]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi Bannayuganda]] s8m7nwvrta5q1gvuxbvbrcjn28kobuc Abed Bwanika 0 7946 59422 57640 2026-07-07T07:43:37Z Ssemmanda will 3837 Okukoppa okuva mu [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] okudda mu [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi Bannayuganda]] nga nkozesa [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 59422 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abed Bwanika''' (yazaalibwa nga 1 Ogwomunaana 1967), [[Munnayuganda]], [[munnabyabufuzi]] era [[ppaasita]]. Ye Pulezidenti wa People's Development Party, ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekivuganya gavumenti mu Uganda. Mu kiseera kino ye [[Mubaka wa Paalamenti]] akiikirira ekitundu kya Kimaanya-Kabonera wansi wa [[National Unity Platform|NUP]], ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obuto ekikulemberwa [[Bobi Wine|Robert Kyagulanyi Ssentamu]].<ref>Mukombozi, Rajab (30 March 2015). "Get Out of Kampala, Bwanika Tells Opposition". ''Daily Monitor (Kampala)''. Retrieved 30 March 2015.</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Bwanika yazaalibwa nga 1 Ogwomunaana 1967 mu kiseera kino [[:en:Lwengo_District|Disitulikiti y'e Lwengo]].<ref>Bindhe, Edward (20 March 2014). "Dr. Abed Bwanika Among Evicted Lwengo Wetland Encroachers". Uganda Radio Network (URN). Retrieved 30 March 2015.</ref> Yasomera ku Kimwanyu Primary School, okumpi n'amaka ga bazadde be mu kitundu ekyogeddwako. Oluvannyuma yeegatta ku [[Masaka Secondary School]] ku mutendera gwe ogwa siniya eyookuna, ne ku Kigezi High School ku mutendera gwe ogwa siniya eyoomukaaga. Yaweebwa ekifo ku [[Makerere University, Uganda|Yunivasite y'e Makerere]], gye yafunira [[Ddiguli esooka mu Busawo bw'Ebisolo]]. Oluvannyuma, yafuna [[diguli eyookubiri eya ssaayansi|ddiguli eyookubiri eya ssaayansi]] mu kisaawe kye kimu, era okuva e Makerere.<ref>Ashaba, Anita (30 September 2013). "Abed Bwanika: I Was Called To Do Big Things In Life". Ugo.co.ug. Retrieved 30 March 2015.</ref> == Emirimu gye == Ng'amaliriza ddiguli ye esooka, yasigala e Makerere ng'omusomesa amaze ddiguli esooka omuyambi, nga bwakola okunoonyereza era nga bwakola ddiguli ye eyookubiri. Mu 2001, yava mu busomesa n'okwebuuzibwako ku bulunzi bw'ebisolo. Yatandikawo ekkanisa, Christian Witness Church.<ref>"Uganda's Other Presidential Hopefuls". BBC News. 17 February 2006. Retrieved 30 March 2015.</ref> Mu kulonda kw'obwapulezidenti okwa 1996, yawagira [[Yoweri Museveni]] wabula n'adda ku ludda lwa [[:en:Kizza_Besigye|Kizza Besigye]] mu 2001. Yavuganya mu [[kalulu k'obwapulezidenti mu Gwokubiri 2006]] ku [[bwannamunigina]],n'amalira mu kifo kyakuna n'obutundutundu 0.95 ku kikumi bwe bululu (65,874 omugaate gw'obululu).<ref name=":0">"Ugandan Presidential Election, 2011". Uganda Electoral Commission. March 2011. Archived from the original on 5 May 2016. Retrieved 30 March 2015.</ref> Yaddamu okuvuganya mu [[kalulu k'obwapulezidenti ak'Ogwokubiri 2011]] ku kkaadi ya People's Development Party, ekibiina kye yatandikawo era nga ye Pulezidenti waakyo.<ref>{{cite web |date=30 November 2010 |title=Eight Candidates to Contest Uganda 2011 Elections |url=http://africanelections.org/new_news.php?nid=72 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402124917/http://africanelections.org/new_news.php?nid=72 |archive-date=2 April 2015 |accessdate=30 March 2015 |publisher=Africanelections.org Quoting Uganda Electoral Commission}}</ref> Omulundi ogwokubiri gweyeesimbawo, obululu bweyafuna bwesalako 14,000 (51,708 omugaate gw'obululu), ng'akunganya ebitundu 0.65 ku kikumi ku bululu bwonna.<ref name=":0" /> Mu Ggwomunaana 2020, yava mu kibiina kya People's Development Party okwegatta ku [[National Unity Platform]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Javira Ssebwami|title=Crossing the Red Line! 'President' Bwanika defects to NUP from his own party|newspaper=PML Daily|date=13 August 2020|url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/politics/2020/08/crossing-the-red-line-president-bwanika-defects-to-nup-from-his-own-party.html|access-date=21 February 2021}}</ref> Mu kalulu ka bonna aka 2021 yalondebwa ng'omubaka wa Paalamenti akiikirira konsitituwensi ya Kimaanya-Kabonera mu [[Masaka|kibuga ky'e Masaka.]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Editorial: Uganda should focus on the day after tomorrow|date=19 January 2021|newspaper=The East African|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/oped/editorial/editorial-uganda-should-focus-on-the-day-after-tomorrow-3261560|access-date=21 February 2021|archive-date=13 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210313023454/https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/oped/editorial/editorial-uganda-should-focus-on-the-day-after-tomorrow-3261560|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe ng'omuntu == Bwanika yawasa Gladys Namusuwe, omukugu mu by'ennyanja era omusomesa ku Dipatimenti y' asoma ku bisolo ku [[Makerere University, Uganda|Yunivasite y'e Makerere]]. Babadde bafumbo okuva mu 1995 era balina abaana abalenzi bana, Wise, Decent, Chosen, ne Delight.<ref name="Family">[https://web.archive.org/web/20150402113429/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/9/500/736451 "Abed Bwanika And Gladys Namusuwe of PDP"]. ''[[:en:New_Vision|New Vision]] (Kampala)''. 29 October 2010. Archived from [http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/9/500/736451 the original] on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 30 March 2015.</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Bobi Wine|Robert Kyagulanyi Ssentamu]] * [[masaka]] * [[National Unity Platform]] * [[Kizza Besigye]] * [[Yoweri Museveni]] * [[Lwengo (disitulikit)|Lwengo Disitulikiti]] == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi Bannayuganda]] [[Category:Abaazaaalibwa mu 1967]] [[Category:Abantu abasibuka mu Disitulikiti y'e Luwero]] [[Category:Bammemba ba Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumineemu]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi abavira mu masekkati ga Uganda]] [[Category:Baganda]] [[Category:Abasawo b'ebisolo]] inkxc3xwcdakzs429uthrsr1bvxazbc Allan Ssewanyana 0 7970 59387 53605 2026-07-06T18:08:32Z Nakisozi 10800 59387 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Allan Aloysius Ssewanyana''' yazaalibwa nga 26 Ogwekuminoogumu mu 1986, ng'asinga kumannyikwa ng''''Omusajja wa Bwino’.''' Munnayuganda, [[:en:Sports_journalism|Munamawulire ow'ebyemizannyo]], [[:en:Human_Resource_Management|avunaanyizibwa ku by'esonga z'abakozi]] era munnabyabufuzi. Mubaka wa Paalamenti omulonde akiikirira Munisipaali y'e [[:en:Makindye_Division|Makindye Eyobugwanjuba]]<ref name="LA2">http://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=164</ref> era akiikirira [[:en:National_Unity_Platform|National Unity Platform]], ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga okuvuganya gavumenti mu Uganda.<ref name="LA1">http://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/Who-will-step-into-Kyanjo-s-large-shoes-in-Makindye-West-/688342-2347440-nuvhe2z/index.html</ref> Ali ku [[:en:Parliamentary_Committees_of_the_United_Kingdom|kakiiko]] k'Ebyenjigiriza n'Ebyemizannyo ne ku kakiiko akalwanirira obw'enkanya mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekumi]]. Akola nga Minisita w'Ebyemizannyo mu [[:en:Shadow_Cabinet|kabineeti ey'ekisikirize]].<ref name="LA1X">http://theinsider.ug/index.php/2017/05/12/govt-not-bothered-chinese-petty-traders-murdering-our-economy-mp-ssewanyana/</ref><ref name="LA1P">http://allafrica.com/stories/201604250755.html</ref> Ssewanyana yaliko [[:en:Councillor|kansala]] wa [[:en:Local_Council_(Uganda)|LCV]] mu [[:en:Kampala_Capital_City_Authority|kitongole ekidukanya emirimu mu kibuga kya Kampala]] (KCCA) ng'akiikirira [[:en:Makindye_Division|munisipaali y'e Makindye]]; yaweerezaako ng'[[:en:Sports_journalism|omusunsuzi w'amawulire g'eby'emizannyo]] ku mukutu gwa ttivi ya Nile Broadcasting Services (NBS) ne Top Radio 89.6 FM; omuwandiisi w'omuko gw'ebyemizannyo mu lupapula lwa [[:en:Daily_Monitor|Ennyanda]], ali ku kakiiko akakulu akadukanya [[:en:Uganda_Premier_League|supa liigi ya Uganda]], ng'era yaliko omumyuka wa ssentebe ku kakiiko akakulu akadukanya [[:en:Kampala_Capital_City_Authority_FC|KCCA FC]].<ref name="AAL2">http://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Heart-to-Heart/Men-only-cheat-when-their-women-change/691230-2598572-plcy94/index.html</ref><ref name="AAL3">http://bigeye.ug/allan-ssewanyana-resigns-position-kcca/</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Ssewanyana yazaalibwa mu [[:en:Nsambya_Hospital|ddwaliro ly'e Nsambya]], nga bazadde bbe ye Aloysius ne Sarah Ssendawula ab'e [[:en:Kibuye,_Uganda|Kibuye]], nga 26 Ogwekuminoogumu mu 1986 mu famire ekiririza mu [[:en:Catholic|ddiini y'ekikatuliki]] [[:en:Ganda_people|ey'Abaganda]]. Ye mwana ow'okusatu mu baana omusanvu beyazalibwa n'abo era alina bannyina bana ne baganda be babiri. Pulayimale yagisomera mu kibuga ky'e Kampala ku Nakivubo Blue Primary School gyeyali ng'akulira eby'emizannyo, era nga [[:en:Primary_School_Leaving_Examination|gyeyatuulira P7]] mu 1998. Oluvannyuma yagenda ku St. Mathias Kalemba Senior Secondary School gyeyatulira [[:en:GCE_Ordinary_Level|Siniya ey'okuna]] mu 2002 ne [[:en:Mengo_Senior_School|Mengo Senior School]] gyeyamalira [[:en:Uganda_Advanced_Certificate_of_Education|Siniya ey'omukaaga]] mu 2005. Yawerezaako nga Minisita w'eby'emizannyo ku St. Mathias Kalemba Senior Secondary School n'omukulembezze akulira abayizi ku Mengo Senior School. Ssewanyana yeeyongerayo ku [[:en:Makerere_University|Ssettendekero wa Makerere]] gy'eyatikirwa mu 2008 ne diguli mu [[:en:Human_Resource_Management|kudukanya ensonga z'abakozi]]. Yali akulira abayizi era omu ku baali ku [[:en:Students'_representative_council|kakiiko akakiikirira abayizi]] ku kizimbe kya [[:en:Makerere_University|Ivory Tower]].<ref name="AAL3" /> == Emirimu gye n'ebyobufuzi == Ng'afunye ebaluwa ye eya S6, Ssewanyana yafuna omulimu gw'okukola [[:en:Sports_journalism|ng'omusunsuzi w'eby'emizannyo]] ku Top Radio 89.6 FM mu 2005. Ng'amaliriza okufuna [[:en:Bachelor's_degree|diguli]] ye mu 2008, yafuna omulimu [[:en:Sports_commentator#Sports_presenter.2Fstudio_host|ng'omuwereza w'eby'emizannyo]] ku ttivi ya NBS, ng'ayanjula n'okuwereza pulogulaamu y'eby'emizannyo ku NBA buli lunaku ku malya g'eky'emisana. Mu 2014, era oluvannyuma yafuuka omuwandiisi w'omuko gw'ebyemizannyo mu lupapula lw'eby'emizannyo lw'ebayita [[:en:Daily_Monitor|Ennyanda]] olufulua buli wiiki.<ref name="AAS5">http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1322842/kcca-councilor-remanded-defamation</ref> Mu 2013, Ssewanyana yeesimbawo ku ky'omukulembezze [[:en:Federation_of_Uganda_Football_Associations|w'ekibiina ekidukanya omupiira mu Uganda]] (FUFA) ng'ayagala okudda mu bigere by'eyali Pulezidenti w'ekibiina kino mu biseera ebyo, [[:en:Lawrence_Mulindwa|Lawrence Mulindwa]]. Yawandulwamu nga basinziira ku by'ekikugu, nga Moses Magogo yeyasobola okuwangula era nga teyavuganyiziddwa.<ref name="AAS10">http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1324298/fufa-exco-endorses-magogo</ref> Mu 2011, Ssewanyana yayingira mu [[:en:Democracy|by'obufuzi eby'okulonda]] ng'ali ku tikiti y'ekibiina kya [[:en:Democratic_Party_(Uganda)|DP,]] ekyamufuula [[:en:Councillor|kansala]] wa [[:en:Local_Council_(Uganda)|LCV]] mu [[:en:Kampala_Capital_City_Authority|kitongole ekiddukanya emirimu mu kibuga Kampala]] (KCCA) ng'akiikirira konsitituweensi ya [[:en:Makindye_Division|Makindye Ey'obugwanjuba]] okutuuka mu 2016, bweyalondebwa okuwereza mu konsitituweensi y'emu mu kifo ekisava eky'okubeera omubaka wa Paalamenti ekyamufuula omubaka mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekumi]] ey'e [[:en:Uganda|Kula lya Afrika]]. Mu Paalamenti ey'ekumi, Ssewanyana awereza ku [[:en:Parliamentary_Committees_of_the_United_Kingdom|kakiiko]] k'Eby'enjigiriza n'Eby'emizannyo ku nsonga z'omwenkano nkano. == Ebimukwatako eby'omunda == Allan Ssewanyana mufumbo nga mukyala we ye Lydia Ssewanyana nga balina abaana babbiri.Yawerezaako ng'omumyuka wa ssentebe ku [[:en:Kampala_Capital_City_Authority_FC|KCCA FC]] okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2015 era ng'omu ku baali ku kakiiko akakulu akaddukanya [[:en:Uganda_Premier_League|supa liigi ya Uganda]] mu kaseera k'ekamu. Ssewanyana y'omu kubannanyini era ssentebe wa kiraabu y'omupiira eyitibwa Katwe United FC.<ref name="AAS6">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://thespearnews.com/2017/06/14/fifa-begins-probe-magogos-world-cup-tickets-scam/ |access-date=2024-03-22 |archive-date=2019-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328195148/http://thespearnews.com/2017/06/14/fifa-begins-probe-magogos-world-cup-tickets-scam/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yazannyako omupiira ku mutendera gwa [[:en:National_League_(Uganda)|liigi y'eggwanga]] mu ttiimu ya Top TV FC okuva mu 2001 okutuuka mu 2004 bweyamenyeka egumba ly'okukibegabega, obuvune obwamuvirako okunyuka okusamba omupiira.<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1256637/tv-fc-ban</ref> Mu Gwomwenda mu 2021, Allan Sewanyana yavunaanibwa omusango gw'obutemu.<ref>https://fr.africanews.com/2021/09/07/ouganda-deux-deputes-de-l-opposition-accuses-d-orchestrer-des-meurtres/</ref> == Awaadi n'Engule == Ssewanyana awereddwa awaadi ez'enjawulo okusinziira ku mirimu gy'azze akola emyaka egiyise * Mu 2013: RTV Academy Awards, Omuwereza w'eby'emizannyo asinga ku Ttivi <ref name="AAS13">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://chano8.com/glory-victory-rtv-awards/ |access-date=2024-03-22 |archive-date=2020-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200107013716/http://chano8.com/glory-victory-rtv-awards/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Mu 2014: RTV Academy Awards, Omuwereza w'eby'emizannyo ku leediyo ne Ttivi eyali asinga * Mu 2014: Kadanke Awards, Omukulembezze w'abavubuka eyali asinga<ref name="AAS12">http://bigeye.ug/kadanke-unveils-national-youth-festival-awards/</ref> * Mu 2015: RTV Academy Awards, Omuwereza w'eby'emizannyo eyali akira ku balala * Mu 2015: Eyali asinga mu basinga (BB) Awards Omuwereza w'eby'emizannyo<ref name="AAS11">http://bigeye.ug/best-best-awards-2016-heres-full-list-nominees/</ref> * Mu 2017: [[:en:Buzz_Teeniez_Awards|Buzz Teeniez Awards]] Engula ya '''''Teeniez Leadership Award''''' == Laba ne bino == * [[:en:Kampala_District|Disitulikiti y'e Kampala]] * [[:en:Democratic_Party_(Uganda)|Ekibiina ky'eby'obufuzi ekya Democratic Party mu Uganda]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] * [[:en:Kampala_Capital_City_Authority|Ekitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku mirimu gy'ekibuga Kampala]] == Ebijuliziddwamu == {{Reflist}}"Ndi musanyufu nnyo olw'engeri gyetwakwasaganyamu ensonga ya kawaayiro 102 (b) aka Ssemateeka nga tukozesa obukugu kuba abasinga baakiraba ng'eky'obusiru, naye twatekawo eky'enjawulo"<ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/allan-ssewanyana-on-his-love-for-lukwago/</ref> Allan Ssewanyana yakwatibwa olw'okuwagira obwegugungo<ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/mp-allan-ssewanyana-arrested-for-inciting-violence/</ref> "Ssewanyana yakwatibwa olw'obwegugungo obwali buva ku kazambi w'eddwaliro ly'e Kirundu."<ref>https://nilepost.co.ug/2019/02/22/video-mps-protest-ssewanyanas-arrest-over-kiruddu-hospital-sewerage-crisis/</ref> == Ebijuliziddwamu w'abweru wa Wikipedia == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160319224843/http://www.parliament.go.ug/new/ Website of the Parliament of Uganda] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20170721225811/http://nbs.ug/category/sports/lunchtime_sports/ Link to NBS' Lunchtime Sports] * [https://www.independent.co.ug/allan-ssewanyana-on-his-love-for-lukwago/ On unbecoming behavior to achieve political gains] <references /> [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] 86gl8v6rcj7bytgy3d8a83ndhll1v53 59390 59387 2026-07-06T18:19:40Z Nakisozi 10800 59390 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Allan Aloysius Ssewanyana''' yazaalibwa nga 26 Ogwekuminoogumu mu 1986, ng'asinga kumanyibwa ng''''Omusajja wa Bwino’.''' Munnayuganda, [[:en:Sports_journalism|Munamawulire ow'ebyemizannyo]], [[:en:Human_Resource_Management|avunaanyizibwa ku by'esonga z'abakozi]] era munnabyabufuzi. Mubaka wa Paalamenti omulonde akiikirira Munisipaali y'e [[:en:Makindye_Division|Makindye Eyobugwanjuba]]<ref name="LA2">http://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=164</ref> era akiikirira [[:en:National_Unity_Platform|National Unity Platform]], ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga okuvuganya gavumenti mu Uganda.<ref name="LA1">http://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/Who-will-step-into-Kyanjo-s-large-shoes-in-Makindye-West-/688342-2347440-nuvhe2z/index.html</ref> Ali ku [[:en:Parliamentary_Committees_of_the_United_Kingdom|kakiiko]] k'Ebyenjigiriza n'Ebyemizannyo ne ku kakiiko akalwanirira obw'enkanya mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekumi]]. Akola nga Minisita w'Ebyemizannyo mu [[:en:Shadow_Cabinet|kabineeti ey'ekisikirize]].<ref name="LA1X">http://theinsider.ug/index.php/2017/05/12/govt-not-bothered-chinese-petty-traders-murdering-our-economy-mp-ssewanyana/</ref><ref name="LA1P">http://allafrica.com/stories/201604250755.html</ref> Ssewanyana yaliko [[:en:Councillor|kansala]] wa [[:en:Local_Council_(Uganda)|LCV]] mu [[:en:Kampala_Capital_City_Authority|kitongole ekidukanya emirimu mu kibuga kya Kampala]] (KCCA) ng'akiikirira [[:en:Makindye_Division|munisipaali y'e Makindye]]; yaweerezaako ng'[[:en:Sports_journalism|omusunsuzi w'amawulire g'eby'emizannyo]] ku mukutu gwa ttivi ya Nile Broadcasting Services (NBS) ne Top Radio 89.6 FM; omuwandiisi w'omuko gw'ebyemizannyo mu lupapula lwa [[:en:Daily_Monitor|Ennyanda]], ali ku kakiiko akakulu akadukanya [[:en:Uganda_Premier_League|supa liigi ya Uganda]], ng'era yaliko omumyuka wa ssentebe ku kakiiko akakulu akadukanya [[:en:Kampala_Capital_City_Authority_FC|KCCA FC]].<ref name="AAL2">http://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Heart-to-Heart/Men-only-cheat-when-their-women-change/691230-2598572-plcy94/index.html</ref><ref name="AAL3">http://bigeye.ug/allan-ssewanyana-resigns-position-kcca/</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Ssewanyana yazaalibwa mu [[:en:Nsambya_Hospital|ddwaliro ly'e Nsambya]], nga bazadde bbe ye Aloysius ne Sarah Ssendawula ab'e [[:en:Kibuye,_Uganda|Kibuye]], nga 26 Ogwekuminoogumu mu 1986 mu famire ekiririza mu [[:en:Catholic|ddiini y'ekikatuliki]] [[:en:Ganda_people|ey'Abaganda]]. Ye mwana ow'okusatu mu baana omusanvu beyazalibwa n'abo era alina bannyina bana ne baganda be babiri. Pulayimale yagisomera mu kibuga ky'e Kampala ku Nakivubo Blue Primary School gyeyali ng'akulira eby'emizannyo, era nga [[:en:Primary_School_Leaving_Examination|gyeyatuulira P7]] mu 1998. Oluvannyuma yagenda ku St. Mathias Kalemba Senior Secondary School gyeyatulira [[:en:GCE_Ordinary_Level|Siniya ey'okuna]] mu 2002 ne [[:en:Mengo_Senior_School|Mengo Senior School]] gyeyamalira [[:en:Uganda_Advanced_Certificate_of_Education|Siniya ey'omukaaga]] mu 2005. Yawerezaako nga Minisita w'eby'emizannyo ku St. Mathias Kalemba Senior Secondary School n'omukulembezze akulira abayizi ku Mengo Senior School. Ssewanyana yeeyongerayo ku [[:en:Makerere_University|Ssettendekero wa Makerere]] gy'eyatikirwa mu 2008 ne diguli mu [[:en:Human_Resource_Management|kudukanya ensonga z'abakozi]]. Yali akulira abayizi era omu ku baali ku [[:en:Students'_representative_council|kakiiko akakiikirira abayizi]] ku kizimbe kya [[:en:Makerere_University|Ivory Tower]].<ref name="AAL3" /> == Emirimu gye n'ebyobufuzi == Ng'afunye ebaluwa ye eya S6, Ssewanyana yafuna omulimu gw'okukola [[:en:Sports_journalism|ng'omusunsuzi w'eby'emizannyo]] ku Top Radio 89.6 FM mu 2005. Ng'amaliriza okufuna [[:en:Bachelor's_degree|diguli]] ye mu 2008, yafuna omulimu [[:en:Sports_commentator#Sports_presenter.2Fstudio_host|ng'omuwereza w'eby'emizannyo]] ku ttivi ya NBS, ng'ayanjula n'okuwereza pulogulaamu y'eby'emizannyo ku NBA buli lunaku ku malya g'eky'emisana. Mu 2014, era oluvannyuma yafuuka omuwandiisi w'omuko gw'ebyemizannyo mu lupapula lw'eby'emizannyo lw'ebayita [[:en:Daily_Monitor|Ennyanda]] olufulua buli wiiki.<ref name="AAS5">http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1322842/kcca-councilor-remanded-defamation</ref> Mu 2013, Ssewanyana yeesimbawo ku ky'omukulembezze [[:en:Federation_of_Uganda_Football_Associations|w'ekibiina ekidukanya omupiira mu Uganda]] (FUFA) ng'ayagala okudda mu bigere by'eyali Pulezidenti w'ekibiina kino mu biseera ebyo, [[:en:Lawrence_Mulindwa|Lawrence Mulindwa]]. Yawandulwamu nga basinziira ku by'ekikugu, nga Moses Magogo yeyasobola okuwangula era nga teyavuganyiziddwa.<ref name="AAS10">http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1324298/fufa-exco-endorses-magogo</ref> Mu 2011, Ssewanyana yayingira mu [[:en:Democracy|by'obufuzi eby'okulonda]] ng'ali ku tikiti y'ekibiina kya [[:en:Democratic_Party_(Uganda)|DP,]] ekyamufuula [[:en:Councillor|kansala]] wa [[:en:Local_Council_(Uganda)|LCV]] mu [[:en:Kampala_Capital_City_Authority|kitongole ekiddukanya emirimu mu kibuga Kampala]] (KCCA) ng'akiikirira konsitituweensi ya [[:en:Makindye_Division|Makindye Ey'obugwanjuba]] okutuuka mu 2016, bweyalondebwa okuwereza mu konsitituweensi y'emu mu kifo ekisava eky'okubeera omubaka wa Paalamenti ekyamufuula omubaka mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekumi]] ey'e [[:en:Uganda|Kula lya Afrika]]. Mu Paalamenti ey'ekumi, Ssewanyana awereza ku [[:en:Parliamentary_Committees_of_the_United_Kingdom|kakiiko]] k'Eby'enjigiriza n'Eby'emizannyo ku nsonga z'omwenkano nkano. == Ebimukwatako eby'omunda == Allan Ssewanyana mufumbo nga mukyala we ye Lydia Ssewanyana nga balina abaana babbiri.Yawerezaako ng'omumyuka wa ssentebe ku [[:en:Kampala_Capital_City_Authority_FC|KCCA FC]] okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2015 era ng'omu ku baali ku kakiiko akakulu akaddukanya [[:en:Uganda_Premier_League|supa liigi ya Uganda]] mu kaseera k'ekamu. Ssewanyana y'omu kubannanyini era ssentebe wa kiraabu y'omupiira eyitibwa Katwe United FC.<ref name="AAS6">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://thespearnews.com/2017/06/14/fifa-begins-probe-magogos-world-cup-tickets-scam/ |access-date=2024-03-22 |archive-date=2019-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328195148/http://thespearnews.com/2017/06/14/fifa-begins-probe-magogos-world-cup-tickets-scam/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yazannyako omupiira ku mutendera gwa [[:en:National_League_(Uganda)|liigi y'eggwanga]] mu ttiimu ya Top TV FC okuva mu 2001 okutuuka mu 2004 bweyamenyeka egumba ly'okukibegabega, obuvune obwamuvirako okunyuka okusamba omupiira.<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1256637/tv-fc-ban</ref> Mu Gwomwenda mu 2021, Allan Sewanyana yavunaanibwa omusango gw'obutemu.<ref>https://fr.africanews.com/2021/09/07/ouganda-deux-deputes-de-l-opposition-accuses-d-orchestrer-des-meurtres/</ref> == Awaadi n'Engule == Ssewanyana awereddwa awaadi ez'enjawulo okusinziira ku mirimu gy'azze akola emyaka egiyise * Mu 2013: RTV Academy Awards, Omuwereza w'eby'emizannyo asinga ku Ttivi <ref name="AAS13">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://chano8.com/glory-victory-rtv-awards/ |access-date=2024-03-22 |archive-date=2020-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200107013716/http://chano8.com/glory-victory-rtv-awards/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Mu 2014: RTV Academy Awards, Omuwereza w'eby'emizannyo ku leediyo ne Ttivi eyali asinga * Mu 2014: Kadanke Awards, Omukulembezze w'abavubuka eyali asinga<ref name="AAS12">http://bigeye.ug/kadanke-unveils-national-youth-festival-awards/</ref> * Mu 2015: RTV Academy Awards, Omuwereza w'eby'emizannyo eyali akira ku balala * Mu 2015: Eyali asinga mu basinga (BB) Awards Omuwereza w'eby'emizannyo<ref name="AAS11">http://bigeye.ug/best-best-awards-2016-heres-full-list-nominees/</ref> * Mu 2017: [[:en:Buzz_Teeniez_Awards|Buzz Teeniez Awards]] Engula ya '''''Teeniez Leadership Award''''' == Laba ne bino == * [[:en:Kampala_District|Disitulikiti y'e Kampala]] * [[:en:Democratic_Party_(Uganda)|Ekibiina ky'eby'obufuzi ekya Democratic Party mu Uganda]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] * [[:en:Kampala_Capital_City_Authority|Ekitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku mirimu gy'ekibuga Kampala]] == Ebijuliziddwamu == {{Reflist}}"Ndi musanyufu nnyo olw'engeri gyetwakwasaganyamu ensonga ya kawaayiro 102 (b) aka Ssemateeka nga tukozesa obukugu kuba abasinga baakiraba ng'eky'obusiru, naye twatekawo eky'enjawulo"<ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/allan-ssewanyana-on-his-love-for-lukwago/</ref> Allan Ssewanyana yakwatibwa olw'okuwagira obwegugungo<ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/mp-allan-ssewanyana-arrested-for-inciting-violence/</ref> "Ssewanyana yakwatibwa olw'obwegugungo obwali buva ku kazambi w'eddwaliro ly'e Kirundu."<ref>https://nilepost.co.ug/2019/02/22/video-mps-protest-ssewanyanas-arrest-over-kiruddu-hospital-sewerage-crisis/</ref> == Ebijuliziddwamu w'abweru wa Wikipedia == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160319224843/http://www.parliament.go.ug/new/ Website of the Parliament of Uganda] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20170721225811/http://nbs.ug/category/sports/lunchtime_sports/ Link to NBS' Lunchtime Sports] * [https://www.independent.co.ug/allan-ssewanyana-on-his-love-for-lukwago/ On unbecoming behavior to achieve political gains] <references /> [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] ih1i9momswaxq4n1krj2n5iizi7i5y9 59391 59390 2026-07-06T18:21:58Z Nakisozi 10800 59391 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Allan Aloysius Ssewanyana''' yazaalibwa nga 26 Ogwekuminoogumu mu 1986, ng'asinga kumanyibwa ng''''Omusajja wa Bwino’, m'''unnamawulire w'ebyemizannyo, avunaanyizibwa ku by'esonga z'abakozi era munnabyabufuzi Munnayuganda . Mubaka wa Paalamenti omulonde akiikirira Munisipaali y'e [[:en:Makindye_Division|Makindye Eyobugwanjuba]]<ref name="LA2">http://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=164</ref> era akiikirira [[:en:National_Unity_Platform|National Unity Platform]], ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga okuvuganya gavumenti mu Uganda.<ref name="LA1">http://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/Who-will-step-into-Kyanjo-s-large-shoes-in-Makindye-West-/688342-2347440-nuvhe2z/index.html</ref> Ali ku [[:en:Parliamentary_Committees_of_the_United_Kingdom|kakiiko]] k'Ebyenjigiriza n'Ebyemizannyo ne ku kakiiko akalwanirira obw'enkanya mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekumi]]. Akola nga Minisita w'Ebyemizannyo mu [[:en:Shadow_Cabinet|kabineeti ey'ekisikirize]].<ref name="LA1X">http://theinsider.ug/index.php/2017/05/12/govt-not-bothered-chinese-petty-traders-murdering-our-economy-mp-ssewanyana/</ref><ref name="LA1P">http://allafrica.com/stories/201604250755.html</ref> Ssewanyana yaliko [[:en:Councillor|kansala]] wa [[:en:Local_Council_(Uganda)|LCV]] mu [[:en:Kampala_Capital_City_Authority|kitongole ekidukanya emirimu mu kibuga kya Kampala]] (KCCA) ng'akiikirira [[:en:Makindye_Division|munisipaali y'e Makindye]]; yaweerezaako ng'[[:en:Sports_journalism|omusunsuzi w'amawulire g'eby'emizannyo]] ku mukutu gwa ttivi ya Nile Broadcasting Services (NBS) ne Top Radio 89.6 FM; omuwandiisi w'omuko gw'ebyemizannyo mu lupapula lwa [[:en:Daily_Monitor|Ennyanda]], ali ku kakiiko akakulu akadukanya [[:en:Uganda_Premier_League|supa liigi ya Uganda]], ng'era yaliko omumyuka wa ssentebe ku kakiiko akakulu akadukanya [[:en:Kampala_Capital_City_Authority_FC|KCCA FC]].<ref name="AAL2">http://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Heart-to-Heart/Men-only-cheat-when-their-women-change/691230-2598572-plcy94/index.html</ref><ref name="AAL3">http://bigeye.ug/allan-ssewanyana-resigns-position-kcca/</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Ssewanyana yazaalibwa mu [[:en:Nsambya_Hospital|ddwaliro ly'e Nsambya]], nga bazadde bbe ye Aloysius ne Sarah Ssendawula ab'e [[:en:Kibuye,_Uganda|Kibuye]], nga 26 Ogwekuminoogumu mu 1986 mu famire ekiririza mu [[:en:Catholic|ddiini y'ekikatuliki]] [[:en:Ganda_people|ey'Abaganda]]. Ye mwana ow'okusatu mu baana omusanvu beyazalibwa n'abo era alina bannyina bana ne baganda be babiri. Pulayimale yagisomera mu kibuga ky'e Kampala ku Nakivubo Blue Primary School gyeyali ng'akulira eby'emizannyo, era nga [[:en:Primary_School_Leaving_Examination|gyeyatuulira P7]] mu 1998. Oluvannyuma yagenda ku St. Mathias Kalemba Senior Secondary School gyeyatulira [[:en:GCE_Ordinary_Level|Siniya ey'okuna]] mu 2002 ne [[:en:Mengo_Senior_School|Mengo Senior School]] gyeyamalira [[:en:Uganda_Advanced_Certificate_of_Education|Siniya ey'omukaaga]] mu 2005. Yawerezaako nga Minisita w'eby'emizannyo ku St. Mathias Kalemba Senior Secondary School n'omukulembezze akulira abayizi ku Mengo Senior School. Ssewanyana yeeyongerayo ku [[:en:Makerere_University|Ssettendekero wa Makerere]] gy'eyatikirwa mu 2008 ne diguli mu [[:en:Human_Resource_Management|kudukanya ensonga z'abakozi]]. Yali akulira abayizi era omu ku baali ku [[:en:Students'_representative_council|kakiiko akakiikirira abayizi]] ku kizimbe kya [[:en:Makerere_University|Ivory Tower]].<ref name="AAL3" /> == Emirimu gye n'ebyobufuzi == Ng'afunye ebaluwa ye eya S6, Ssewanyana yafuna omulimu gw'okukola [[:en:Sports_journalism|ng'omusunsuzi w'eby'emizannyo]] ku Top Radio 89.6 FM mu 2005. Ng'amaliriza okufuna [[:en:Bachelor's_degree|diguli]] ye mu 2008, yafuna omulimu [[:en:Sports_commentator#Sports_presenter.2Fstudio_host|ng'omuwereza w'eby'emizannyo]] ku ttivi ya NBS, ng'ayanjula n'okuwereza pulogulaamu y'eby'emizannyo ku NBA buli lunaku ku malya g'eky'emisana. Mu 2014, era oluvannyuma yafuuka omuwandiisi w'omuko gw'ebyemizannyo mu lupapula lw'eby'emizannyo lw'ebayita [[:en:Daily_Monitor|Ennyanda]] olufulua buli wiiki.<ref name="AAS5">http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1322842/kcca-councilor-remanded-defamation</ref> Mu 2013, Ssewanyana yeesimbawo ku ky'omukulembezze [[:en:Federation_of_Uganda_Football_Associations|w'ekibiina ekidukanya omupiira mu Uganda]] (FUFA) ng'ayagala okudda mu bigere by'eyali Pulezidenti w'ekibiina kino mu biseera ebyo, [[:en:Lawrence_Mulindwa|Lawrence Mulindwa]]. Yawandulwamu nga basinziira ku by'ekikugu, nga Moses Magogo yeyasobola okuwangula era nga teyavuganyiziddwa.<ref name="AAS10">http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1324298/fufa-exco-endorses-magogo</ref> Mu 2011, Ssewanyana yayingira mu [[:en:Democracy|by'obufuzi eby'okulonda]] ng'ali ku tikiti y'ekibiina kya [[:en:Democratic_Party_(Uganda)|DP,]] ekyamufuula [[:en:Councillor|kansala]] wa [[:en:Local_Council_(Uganda)|LCV]] mu [[:en:Kampala_Capital_City_Authority|kitongole ekiddukanya emirimu mu kibuga Kampala]] (KCCA) ng'akiikirira konsitituweensi ya [[:en:Makindye_Division|Makindye Ey'obugwanjuba]] okutuuka mu 2016, bweyalondebwa okuwereza mu konsitituweensi y'emu mu kifo ekisava eky'okubeera omubaka wa Paalamenti ekyamufuula omubaka mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekumi]] ey'e [[:en:Uganda|Kula lya Afrika]]. Mu Paalamenti ey'ekumi, Ssewanyana awereza ku [[:en:Parliamentary_Committees_of_the_United_Kingdom|kakiiko]] k'Eby'enjigiriza n'Eby'emizannyo ku nsonga z'omwenkano nkano. == Ebimukwatako eby'omunda == Allan Ssewanyana mufumbo nga mukyala we ye Lydia Ssewanyana nga balina abaana babbiri.Yawerezaako ng'omumyuka wa ssentebe ku [[:en:Kampala_Capital_City_Authority_FC|KCCA FC]] okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2015 era ng'omu ku baali ku kakiiko akakulu akaddukanya [[:en:Uganda_Premier_League|supa liigi ya Uganda]] mu kaseera k'ekamu. Ssewanyana y'omu kubannanyini era ssentebe wa kiraabu y'omupiira eyitibwa Katwe United FC.<ref name="AAS6">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://thespearnews.com/2017/06/14/fifa-begins-probe-magogos-world-cup-tickets-scam/ |access-date=2024-03-22 |archive-date=2019-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328195148/http://thespearnews.com/2017/06/14/fifa-begins-probe-magogos-world-cup-tickets-scam/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yazannyako omupiira ku mutendera gwa [[:en:National_League_(Uganda)|liigi y'eggwanga]] mu ttiimu ya Top TV FC okuva mu 2001 okutuuka mu 2004 bweyamenyeka egumba ly'okukibegabega, obuvune obwamuvirako okunyuka okusamba omupiira.<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1256637/tv-fc-ban</ref> Mu Gwomwenda mu 2021, Allan Sewanyana yavunaanibwa omusango gw'obutemu.<ref>https://fr.africanews.com/2021/09/07/ouganda-deux-deputes-de-l-opposition-accuses-d-orchestrer-des-meurtres/</ref> == Awaadi n'Engule == Ssewanyana awereddwa awaadi ez'enjawulo okusinziira ku mirimu gy'azze akola emyaka egiyise * Mu 2013: RTV Academy Awards, Omuwereza w'eby'emizannyo asinga ku Ttivi <ref name="AAS13">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://chano8.com/glory-victory-rtv-awards/ |access-date=2024-03-22 |archive-date=2020-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200107013716/http://chano8.com/glory-victory-rtv-awards/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Mu 2014: RTV Academy Awards, Omuwereza w'eby'emizannyo ku leediyo ne Ttivi eyali asinga * Mu 2014: Kadanke Awards, Omukulembezze w'abavubuka eyali asinga<ref name="AAS12">http://bigeye.ug/kadanke-unveils-national-youth-festival-awards/</ref> * Mu 2015: RTV Academy Awards, Omuwereza w'eby'emizannyo eyali akira ku balala * Mu 2015: Eyali asinga mu basinga (BB) Awards Omuwereza w'eby'emizannyo<ref name="AAS11">http://bigeye.ug/best-best-awards-2016-heres-full-list-nominees/</ref> * Mu 2017: [[:en:Buzz_Teeniez_Awards|Buzz Teeniez Awards]] Engula ya '''''Teeniez Leadership Award''''' == Laba ne bino == * [[:en:Kampala_District|Disitulikiti y'e Kampala]] * [[:en:Democratic_Party_(Uganda)|Ekibiina ky'eby'obufuzi ekya Democratic Party mu Uganda]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] * [[:en:Kampala_Capital_City_Authority|Ekitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku mirimu gy'ekibuga Kampala]] == Ebijuliziddwamu == {{Reflist}}"Ndi musanyufu nnyo olw'engeri gyetwakwasaganyamu ensonga ya kawaayiro 102 (b) aka Ssemateeka nga tukozesa obukugu kuba abasinga baakiraba ng'eky'obusiru, naye twatekawo eky'enjawulo"<ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/allan-ssewanyana-on-his-love-for-lukwago/</ref> Allan Ssewanyana yakwatibwa olw'okuwagira obwegugungo<ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/mp-allan-ssewanyana-arrested-for-inciting-violence/</ref> "Ssewanyana yakwatibwa olw'obwegugungo obwali buva ku kazambi w'eddwaliro ly'e Kirundu."<ref>https://nilepost.co.ug/2019/02/22/video-mps-protest-ssewanyanas-arrest-over-kiruddu-hospital-sewerage-crisis/</ref> == Ebijuliziddwamu w'abweru wa Wikipedia == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160319224843/http://www.parliament.go.ug/new/ Website of the Parliament of Uganda] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20170721225811/http://nbs.ug/category/sports/lunchtime_sports/ Link to NBS' Lunchtime Sports] * [https://www.independent.co.ug/allan-ssewanyana-on-his-love-for-lukwago/ On unbecoming behavior to achieve political gains] <references /> [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] c71nmtj20e1qmpvq4c5hbohy58a0ify 59392 59391 2026-07-06T18:23:17Z Nakisozi 10800 59392 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Allan Aloysius Ssewanyana''' yazaalibwa nga 26 Ogwekuminoogumu mu 1986, ng'asinga kumanyibwa ng''''Omusajja wa Bwino’, [[Munnamawulire w'ebyemizannyo|m]]'''[[Munnamawulire w'ebyemizannyo|unnamawulire w'ebyemizannyo]], [[avunaanyizibwa ku by'esonga z'abakozi]] era munnabyabufuzi Munnayuganda . Mubaka wa Paalamenti omulonde akiikirira Munisipaali y'e [[:en:Makindye_Division|Makindye Eyobugwanjuba]]<ref name="LA2">http://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=164</ref> era akiikirira [[:en:National_Unity_Platform|National Unity Platform]], ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga okuvuganya gavumenti mu Uganda.<ref name="LA1">http://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/Who-will-step-into-Kyanjo-s-large-shoes-in-Makindye-West-/688342-2347440-nuvhe2z/index.html</ref> Ali ku [[:en:Parliamentary_Committees_of_the_United_Kingdom|kakiiko]] k'Ebyenjigiriza n'Ebyemizannyo ne ku kakiiko akalwanirira obw'enkanya mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekumi]]. Akola nga Minisita w'Ebyemizannyo mu [[:en:Shadow_Cabinet|kabineeti ey'ekisikirize]].<ref name="LA1X">http://theinsider.ug/index.php/2017/05/12/govt-not-bothered-chinese-petty-traders-murdering-our-economy-mp-ssewanyana/</ref><ref name="LA1P">http://allafrica.com/stories/201604250755.html</ref> Ssewanyana yaliko [[:en:Councillor|kansala]] wa [[:en:Local_Council_(Uganda)|LCV]] mu [[:en:Kampala_Capital_City_Authority|kitongole ekidukanya emirimu mu kibuga kya Kampala]] (KCCA) ng'akiikirira [[:en:Makindye_Division|munisipaali y'e Makindye]]; yaweerezaako ng'[[:en:Sports_journalism|omusunsuzi w'amawulire g'eby'emizannyo]] ku mukutu gwa ttivi ya Nile Broadcasting Services (NBS) ne Top Radio 89.6 FM; omuwandiisi w'omuko gw'ebyemizannyo mu lupapula lwa [[:en:Daily_Monitor|Ennyanda]], ali ku kakiiko akakulu akadukanya [[:en:Uganda_Premier_League|supa liigi ya Uganda]], ng'era yaliko omumyuka wa ssentebe ku kakiiko akakulu akadukanya [[:en:Kampala_Capital_City_Authority_FC|KCCA FC]].<ref name="AAL2">http://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Heart-to-Heart/Men-only-cheat-when-their-women-change/691230-2598572-plcy94/index.html</ref><ref name="AAL3">http://bigeye.ug/allan-ssewanyana-resigns-position-kcca/</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Ssewanyana yazaalibwa mu [[:en:Nsambya_Hospital|ddwaliro ly'e Nsambya]], nga bazadde bbe ye Aloysius ne Sarah Ssendawula ab'e [[:en:Kibuye,_Uganda|Kibuye]], nga 26 Ogwekuminoogumu mu 1986 mu famire ekiririza mu [[:en:Catholic|ddiini y'ekikatuliki]] [[:en:Ganda_people|ey'Abaganda]]. Ye mwana ow'okusatu mu baana omusanvu beyazalibwa n'abo era alina bannyina bana ne baganda be babiri. Pulayimale yagisomera mu kibuga ky'e Kampala ku Nakivubo Blue Primary School gyeyali ng'akulira eby'emizannyo, era nga [[:en:Primary_School_Leaving_Examination|gyeyatuulira P7]] mu 1998. Oluvannyuma yagenda ku St. Mathias Kalemba Senior Secondary School gyeyatulira [[:en:GCE_Ordinary_Level|Siniya ey'okuna]] mu 2002 ne [[:en:Mengo_Senior_School|Mengo Senior School]] gyeyamalira [[:en:Uganda_Advanced_Certificate_of_Education|Siniya ey'omukaaga]] mu 2005. Yawerezaako nga Minisita w'eby'emizannyo ku St. Mathias Kalemba Senior Secondary School n'omukulembezze akulira abayizi ku Mengo Senior School. Ssewanyana yeeyongerayo ku [[:en:Makerere_University|Ssettendekero wa Makerere]] gy'eyatikirwa mu 2008 ne diguli mu [[:en:Human_Resource_Management|kudukanya ensonga z'abakozi]]. Yali akulira abayizi era omu ku baali ku [[:en:Students'_representative_council|kakiiko akakiikirira abayizi]] ku kizimbe kya [[:en:Makerere_University|Ivory Tower]].<ref name="AAL3" /> == Emirimu gye n'ebyobufuzi == Ng'afunye ebaluwa ye eya S6, Ssewanyana yafuna omulimu gw'okukola [[:en:Sports_journalism|ng'omusunsuzi w'eby'emizannyo]] ku Top Radio 89.6 FM mu 2005. Ng'amaliriza okufuna [[:en:Bachelor's_degree|diguli]] ye mu 2008, yafuna omulimu [[:en:Sports_commentator#Sports_presenter.2Fstudio_host|ng'omuwereza w'eby'emizannyo]] ku ttivi ya NBS, ng'ayanjula n'okuwereza pulogulaamu y'eby'emizannyo ku NBA buli lunaku ku malya g'eky'emisana. Mu 2014, era oluvannyuma yafuuka omuwandiisi w'omuko gw'ebyemizannyo mu lupapula lw'eby'emizannyo lw'ebayita [[:en:Daily_Monitor|Ennyanda]] olufulua buli wiiki.<ref name="AAS5">http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1322842/kcca-councilor-remanded-defamation</ref> Mu 2013, Ssewanyana yeesimbawo ku ky'omukulembezze [[:en:Federation_of_Uganda_Football_Associations|w'ekibiina ekidukanya omupiira mu Uganda]] (FUFA) ng'ayagala okudda mu bigere by'eyali Pulezidenti w'ekibiina kino mu biseera ebyo, [[:en:Lawrence_Mulindwa|Lawrence Mulindwa]]. Yawandulwamu nga basinziira ku by'ekikugu, nga Moses Magogo yeyasobola okuwangula era nga teyavuganyiziddwa.<ref name="AAS10">http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1324298/fufa-exco-endorses-magogo</ref> Mu 2011, Ssewanyana yayingira mu [[:en:Democracy|by'obufuzi eby'okulonda]] ng'ali ku tikiti y'ekibiina kya [[:en:Democratic_Party_(Uganda)|DP,]] ekyamufuula [[:en:Councillor|kansala]] wa [[:en:Local_Council_(Uganda)|LCV]] mu [[:en:Kampala_Capital_City_Authority|kitongole ekiddukanya emirimu mu kibuga Kampala]] (KCCA) ng'akiikirira konsitituweensi ya [[:en:Makindye_Division|Makindye Ey'obugwanjuba]] okutuuka mu 2016, bweyalondebwa okuwereza mu konsitituweensi y'emu mu kifo ekisava eky'okubeera omubaka wa Paalamenti ekyamufuula omubaka mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekumi]] ey'e [[:en:Uganda|Kula lya Afrika]]. Mu Paalamenti ey'ekumi, Ssewanyana awereza ku [[:en:Parliamentary_Committees_of_the_United_Kingdom|kakiiko]] k'Eby'enjigiriza n'Eby'emizannyo ku nsonga z'omwenkano nkano. == Ebimukwatako eby'omunda == Allan Ssewanyana mufumbo nga mukyala we ye Lydia Ssewanyana nga balina abaana babbiri.Yawerezaako ng'omumyuka wa ssentebe ku [[:en:Kampala_Capital_City_Authority_FC|KCCA FC]] okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2015 era ng'omu ku baali ku kakiiko akakulu akaddukanya [[:en:Uganda_Premier_League|supa liigi ya Uganda]] mu kaseera k'ekamu. Ssewanyana y'omu kubannanyini era ssentebe wa kiraabu y'omupiira eyitibwa Katwe United FC.<ref name="AAS6">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://thespearnews.com/2017/06/14/fifa-begins-probe-magogos-world-cup-tickets-scam/ |access-date=2024-03-22 |archive-date=2019-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328195148/http://thespearnews.com/2017/06/14/fifa-begins-probe-magogos-world-cup-tickets-scam/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yazannyako omupiira ku mutendera gwa [[:en:National_League_(Uganda)|liigi y'eggwanga]] mu ttiimu ya Top TV FC okuva mu 2001 okutuuka mu 2004 bweyamenyeka egumba ly'okukibegabega, obuvune obwamuvirako okunyuka okusamba omupiira.<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1256637/tv-fc-ban</ref> Mu Gwomwenda mu 2021, Allan Sewanyana yavunaanibwa omusango gw'obutemu.<ref>https://fr.africanews.com/2021/09/07/ouganda-deux-deputes-de-l-opposition-accuses-d-orchestrer-des-meurtres/</ref> == Awaadi n'Engule == Ssewanyana awereddwa awaadi ez'enjawulo okusinziira ku mirimu gy'azze akola emyaka egiyise * Mu 2013: RTV Academy Awards, Omuwereza w'eby'emizannyo asinga ku Ttivi <ref name="AAS13">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://chano8.com/glory-victory-rtv-awards/ |access-date=2024-03-22 |archive-date=2020-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200107013716/http://chano8.com/glory-victory-rtv-awards/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Mu 2014: RTV Academy Awards, Omuwereza w'eby'emizannyo ku leediyo ne Ttivi eyali asinga * Mu 2014: Kadanke Awards, Omukulembezze w'abavubuka eyali asinga<ref name="AAS12">http://bigeye.ug/kadanke-unveils-national-youth-festival-awards/</ref> * Mu 2015: RTV Academy Awards, Omuwereza w'eby'emizannyo eyali akira ku balala * Mu 2015: Eyali asinga mu basinga (BB) Awards Omuwereza w'eby'emizannyo<ref name="AAS11">http://bigeye.ug/best-best-awards-2016-heres-full-list-nominees/</ref> * Mu 2017: [[:en:Buzz_Teeniez_Awards|Buzz Teeniez Awards]] Engula ya '''''Teeniez Leadership Award''''' == Laba ne bino == * [[:en:Kampala_District|Disitulikiti y'e Kampala]] * [[:en:Democratic_Party_(Uganda)|Ekibiina ky'eby'obufuzi ekya Democratic Party mu Uganda]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] * [[:en:Kampala_Capital_City_Authority|Ekitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku mirimu gy'ekibuga Kampala]] == Ebijuliziddwamu == {{Reflist}}"Ndi musanyufu nnyo olw'engeri gyetwakwasaganyamu ensonga ya kawaayiro 102 (b) aka Ssemateeka nga tukozesa obukugu kuba abasinga baakiraba ng'eky'obusiru, naye twatekawo eky'enjawulo"<ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/allan-ssewanyana-on-his-love-for-lukwago/</ref> Allan Ssewanyana yakwatibwa olw'okuwagira obwegugungo<ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/mp-allan-ssewanyana-arrested-for-inciting-violence/</ref> "Ssewanyana yakwatibwa olw'obwegugungo obwali buva ku kazambi w'eddwaliro ly'e Kirundu."<ref>https://nilepost.co.ug/2019/02/22/video-mps-protest-ssewanyanas-arrest-over-kiruddu-hospital-sewerage-crisis/</ref> == Ebijuliziddwamu w'abweru wa Wikipedia == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160319224843/http://www.parliament.go.ug/new/ Website of the Parliament of Uganda] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20170721225811/http://nbs.ug/category/sports/lunchtime_sports/ Link to NBS' Lunchtime Sports] * [https://www.independent.co.ug/allan-ssewanyana-on-his-love-for-lukwago/ On unbecoming behavior to achieve political gains] <references /> [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] mnu4hr39spwwokfb0828dgr51iy36tx Alice Alaso 0 8083 59433 53583 2026-07-07T07:43:41Z Ssemmanda will 3837 Okukoppa okuva mu [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] okudda mu [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi Bannayuganda]] nga nkozesa [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 59433 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Al [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi Bannayuganda]] ice Alaso Alice Alaso ng'olumu ayitibwa '''Alice Alaso''' Asianut yazaalibwa nga 21 Ogusooka 1969. Munnayuganda, musomesa era munnabyabufuzi eyali omubaka omukyala owa [[Serere (disitulikit)|Serere Disitulikiti]] mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'omunaana, ey'omwenda n'ey'ekkumi. Yali akolagana n'ekibiina kya [[:en:Forum_for_Democratic_Change|Forum for Democratic Change]] (FDC) mu by'obufuzi era ye yali Ssaabawandiisi w'ekibiina eyasooka okumala emyaka kkumi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://theallianceug.com/page/know-your-leaders |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-03-19 |archive-date=2022-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120120148/https://theallianceug.com/page/know-your-leaders |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Obuto bwe n'emisomo gye == Alaso alina Diguli mu busomesa okuva ku [[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|Ssettendekero wa Makerere]]. Ng'omusomesa, Alaso yasomesa ku [[:en:Teso_College_Aloet|Teso College Aloet]] wakati w'omwaka gwa 1993 ne 1997. Mu kiseera kino, yasomesanga ne ku Saint Mary's Madera.<ref name=":0">https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1486876</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okuva ku Teso College mu 1997, yafuuka omukungu w'ekikula ky'abantu mu Disitulikiti ku pulogulaamu y'okweddaabulula oluvannyuma lw'obutabanguko nga okusinga avunaanyizibwa ku [[Kaberamaido (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kaberamaido]]. Mu 2018, Alaso yava mu kibiina kya [[:en:Forum_for_Democratic_Change|Forum for Democratic Change]] gye yali aweereza nga [[:en:Secretary_(title)|Ssaabawandiisi]].<ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1486876</ref> Ensonda endala zigamba nti yagobebwa mu kibiina n'ekifo.<ref>https://chimpreports.com/fdc-sacks-alice-alaso-wadri-winnie-kiizas-husband/</ref> Yeegatta ku kibiina kya Alliance for National Transformation (ANT) era mu Gwokusatu 2022, yawandiikibwa ng'omukwanaganya w'ekibiina mu ggwanga. == Ebimukwatako eby'omunda == Alaso abadde mufumbo eri Johnson Ebaju okuva mu 2007.<ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/200712270975.html</ref> == Ebijuliziddwamu == <references /> 01ywo11o736f3pijys0s42q7oaift84 Abu Mayanja 0 8289 59420 58776 2026-07-07T07:43:37Z Ssemmanda will 3837 Okukoppa okuva mu [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] okudda mu [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi Bannayuganda]] nga nkozesa [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 59420 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Abu-Kyakama-Mayanja.jpg|thumb|Abu Mayanja, MP, Barrister, Attorney General in the Government of Uganda, politician, and Government Minister]] '''Abubaker Kakyama Mayanja''' (Yazaalibwa Ogwomunaana 1929 – nga 4 Ogwekkuminoogumu 2005) ye yali Ssabawandiisi wa [[Uganda National Congress part|Uganda National Congress party]] eyasooka, nga kino kye kyali ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekyasookera ddala mu Uganda ekyatandikibwa [[Ignatius K. Musaazi]] nga 6 Ogwokusatu 1952.<ref>Engholm, Geoffrey: "Political Parties and Uganda's Independence", pages 15–17, Transition, 3 January 1962</ref> Yafuuka Ssabawandiisi eyasooka ow'ekibiina kya UNC mu buvubukaabwe era nga tannatikkirwa ku Makerere University College, oluvannyuma eyafuuka Yunivasite y'e Makerere. Abu Mayanja yayamba Musaazi okubaga ssemateeka w'ekibiina ki Uganda National Congress party. Abu yali mulwanirizi w'ameefuga mu Uganda ne [[Afirika]], Omukiise ow'amanyi mu palamenti eyali tayagalira ddala kitwatagana na butali bwenkanya. Yali ttoffaali ly'amanyi mu by'obufuzi bya Uganda nga omukugu mu kubaga ssemateeka , omubaka wa palamenti eyeegombesa, minisita wa gavumenti enfunda nnyingi era omukugu mu mateeka. Ebimuwandiikibwako mu ''Tribune'' magazine, ''Transition'', ''Uganda Argus'' n'[[Empapula z'amawulire ga New Vision|empapula z'amawulire ga ''New Vision'']] byali birungi era nga biweebwa ekitiibwa. == Obuto bwe n'emirimu == Abu Mayanja yazaalibwa mu 1929 omwami Abdalla Waswa Kambuga Kakyama n'omukyala Mariantonia Kayaga. Kitaawe Abdalla yali ava ku kyalo Buga (Ziba, okuliraana Ngogwemu disitulikiti y'e Mukono mu Uganda). Nyina Mariantonia ye yali wa ku [[bizinga by'e Buvuma]]. Kitaawe yali mulimi nga musajja musiraamu. Ye nnyina yali mukyala mukulisitaayo. Abu Mayanja yeesukkulumya mu by'enjigiriza nga tafudde ku bisoomoza ebyeyolekera mu maka gaabwe wadde yali yava mu maka maavu. Nnyina Mariantonia yamuyigiriza okusoma n'okuwandiika ng'amukubiriza okusoma amawulire amakadde agaali nga gakozesebwa okusiba kabalagala. Ku ssomero, yabuuka siniya eyookusatu naagenda mu siniya eyookuna, amagezi ge n’enkolagana ye n’ebiwandiiko eyali yeeyongera buli kiseera byali bimusukkulumiza nnyo okusinga banne. Yali musajja mugezi era yatuula ebibuuzo bye ebya siniya eyoomukaaga ku Old Kampala Senior Secondary School mu 1949. Mu bibuuzo eby'akamalirizo eby'ekibiina eky'omusanvu, yafuna obubonero obw'okuntikko; buno bwe bwali obubonero obwali bukyasinga mu ggwanga lyonna mu kiseera ekyo. Abu Mayanja yagenda ku [[King's College, Budo|King's College Budo]] mu 1944 nga D.G. R. Herbert ye mukulu w'essomero, era yasulanga mu kisulo kya England. [[Apollo Kironde]] yali omu ku basomesa be ku King's College Budo. Abu yagenda ku Makerere University College mu 1950 okusoma Olungereza, ebiwandiiko, ebyafaayo n'okubala. Nga ali e Makerere yali musunsuzi w'amawulire aga ''The Current News'' era nga muwandiisi w'akakiiko akakulembera abayizi. == Okuva e Makerere okudda ku yunivasite y'e Cambridge == Abu Mayanja yagobwa mu Makerere University College mu 1952 olwo kubanga ye ne banne beemulugunya ku mmere gye baali babafumbira era ne batandika n'okwekalakaasa.<ref>Mills, David (2006): "Life on the Hill: Students and the social history of Makerere”, Africa, 76(2).</ref> Nga akyasimbye amakanda ku mirimu gy'ekibiina ki UNC, Abu Mayanja yafaayo okulaba nga addamu okusoma. Okutuukiriza ebirooto bye eby'okusoma, Abu yasaba obuyambi okuva mu basomesa be ku Makerere University College; ku bbo kwaliko, Professor A. G. Warner, Dr Kenneth Ingham ne Bernard Debansin. Bonna bakkiriza nti kijja kuba kya buswavu eri Uganda singa Abu Mayanja, omuvubuka omuto omugezi tamaliriza misomo gye egya yunivasite. Baamusemba amalirize emisomo gye.<ref>Kavuma, Richard, “1958–2004: Mayanja saw it all”, Weekly Observer Newspaper (Uganda), 18 November 2004.</ref> N'okusalawo kuno okwomugundu, ensonga yatwalibwa Abu Mayanja eri Latima Mpagi, eyali omukungu w'e Mengo mu biseera ebyo. Kabaka, Sir Edward [[Ssekabaka Mutesa II|Mutesa II]], ensonga ya Abu Mayanja yagiyitiramu omufuzi wa matwale Sir [[Andrew Cohen (omuddukanya w’emirimu gy’amatwale) .|Andrew Cohen]]. We byamutuukirako, Sir [[Andrew Cohen (omuddukanya w’emirimu gy’amatwale) .|Andrew Cohen]] yali anaatera okugenda e London okuwummulamu era nga ali e London yakolera Abu Mayanja enteekateeka okugenda ku [[Yunivasite y'e Cambridge]]. Sir Edward Mutesa II ne Sir Andrew Cohen baali bankizo mu kweyongerayo kw'emisomo gya Abu Mayanja okumaliriza diguli ye esooka. Abu Mayanja eyali omugezi era alina obusobozi yaweebwa omukisa okuddamu okusoma ku yunivasite y'ensi yonna eyimiridde. == Omulwanirizi w'ameefuga == Oluvannyuma lw'okukkirizibwa okusomera mu [[Yunivasite y'e Cambridge]], Abu yalina okutoloka amangu okugenda mu kibuga London olw'ekifo kye mu by'obufuzi. Yali atiisibwatiisibwa okusibibwa abafuzi baamatwale. Yali mu Bungereza okuva 1953 okutuusa 1959. Nga akyali muyizi mu Cambridge University ([[:en:King's_College,_Cambridge|King's]]), gyeyasomera ebyafaayo, Abu Mayanja yakiika mu Lukiiko lwa Abafirika bonna olwasooka olwategekebwa mu kibuga Accra, [[Ghana]] wakati wa nga 5 –13 Ogwekkumineebiri 1958. Olukungaana lwategekebwa [[:en:Kwame_Nkrumah|Kwame Nkrumah]] ne lukulemberwa [[Tom Mboya]]. Olukungaana lwe lwaleetawo ekibiina ky'[[Omukago gw'Amawanga ga Afirika Amagatte]] (OAU) oluvannyuma ekyafuuka eky'[[Omukago gwa Afirika]] (AU). Abu Mayanja yasisinkana Abaddugavu bangi mu kibuga London abaali banoonya ameefuga mu nsi zaabwe ez'enjawulo. Yawandiika ebiwandiiko ebiwerako ebyafulumizibwa mu [[Tribune magazine]]. Yalwanirira ameefuga ga Uganda wamu ne Afirika okuva mu bufuzi bw'amatwale. Abu Mayanja ye musiraamu eyasooka mu Uganda okufuna diguli. == UNC eyawukanamu ebuwayi == Ekibiina ki [[Uganda National Congress Party]] kyayawukanamu ebiwayi Abu Mayanja bwe yali agenze mu Bungereza. Bweyakomawo nga 30 Ogwokutaano 1959, ng'amaze okufuna diguli ye esooka okuva ku Yunivasite y'e Cambridge, n'okusoma amateeka (The Honourable Society of [[Lincoln's Inn]] – okuva Ogwekkumi 1955 okutuuka Ogwomukaaga 1957); n'oluvannyuma lw'okukolako mu ofiisi ya munnamateeka Roland Brown, Abu Mayanja yasanga ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ki UNC tekikyaliwo. Yagenda mu [[Amerika]] okusoma ku bukulembeze era yakomawo mu Uganda mu Gwokubiri 1960. == Minisita wa gavumenti ya Buganda == Mu 1961 Abu Mayanja yalondebwa okubeera minisita w'eby'enjigiriza mu gavumenti ya Buganda. Yeetaba mu lukungaana lwa Lancaster House mu London nga Uganda tennafuna meefuga okuva ku Bungereza nga 9 Ogwekkumi 1962. Abu Mayanja yawummula mu Gwokuna 1964 oluvannyuma lwa sipiika, Omwami Eriasafi Kalule eyamuvvoola mu Lukiiko (palamenti ya Buganda). Wabula oluvannyuma yalondebwa olukiiko okubeera omukiise mu palamenti mu Gwomwenda 1964 oluvannyuma lwa [[Jimmy Simpson]] okuwummula ng'omukiise wa Kyaggwe owa bukiikakkono obw'obuvanyuba.<ref>Ssemujju, Ibrahim Nganda, "A Biography Abu Mayanja never lived to read",''Weekly Observer'' newspaper (Uganda), November 2005</ref> == Ssemateeka wa 1962 == Abu Mayanja yali omu ku baalondebwa okukiikirira Uganda mu lukungaana lw'ameefuga mu1962. Yaweebwa obuvunaanyizibwa obwakalabalaba bw'okuteekesa mu nkola ssemateeka wa 1962 mu Buganda, era yali avunaanyizibwa ku kussa ssemateeka wa Buganda mu ssemateeka wa Uganda omukulu. == Omusango gw'okukuma mu bantu omuliro == Mu Gwekkumi 1968, oluvannyuma lw'okukuba ebituli mu ssemateeka wa 1967 mu [[Transition Magazine]] (Ogwokuna 1968); ekyanyiiza gavumenti eyaliko, Abu Mayanja yasibibwa era naavunaanwa okukuma mu bantu omuliro. Mu kiseera ekyo, yali yakawasa mukyalawe asooka, Hadija. Abu yaggyibwako emisango gino kyokka amangu ago n’addamu okukwatibwa mu Kkooti wansi w’obuyinza obw’amangu obw’okusiba abantu obwali bukola mu kiseera ekyo. [[Amnesty International]] yamutwala nga omusibe ayawula ekituufu ku kikyamu. Yamala emyaka 2 mu kkomera e Luzira, nga tali na mukyala we Hadija, okutuusa 1970 bweyateebwa. == "Gavumenti ya sipiidi ey'ekizungirizi" == Abu Mayanja yalondebwa [[Idi Amin]] okubeera minisita w'ebyenjigiriza mu 1971, naye nga 30 Ogekkuminoogumu 1972 ye wamu ne baminista ba gavumenti abalala baggyibwa ku mirimu gy'obwa minista, mu biseera ebyo yali minisita w'abakozi. Baminista ba gavumenti abalala abaagobwa mwalimu: Pulofeesa William B. Banage, Apollo Kironde, ne Yekosefati Engur. Mukunnyonnyola ensonga eyabagobya, Idi Amin yagamba ba minista bano nti baali tebasobola kukwatagana na gavumenti ye kubanga yali eddukira ku misinde gya kizungirizi “supersonic speed”. Yayitibwa n'era okubaako emirimu emirala egy'omugaso gyakola. Mu 1972 Abu Mayanja yatuuza olukiiko olwateekateeka okuzza omubiri gwa Ssekabaka Sir Edward Mutesa II okuva e London, gye yali yafiira mu 1969, okudda e Uganda. Mu 1986 Abu Mayanja yafuuka omuwoleleza wa gavumenti era [[Omumyuka wa ssaabaminisita wa Uganda|omumyuka wa ssabaminisita]] ku bukulembeze bwa [[Yoweri Kaguta Museveni]]. == Lungujja == Obulamu bwe obusinga Abu Mayanja yabeeranga [[Lungujja]], okuliraana [[Mengo, Uganda|Mengo]], ng'ojjeeko ebiseera byeyamalai e Bungereza ng'asoma ne mu buwangaanguse e Kenya, ne bweyali asibiddwa mu 1960 olw'okuwandiika eggulire ku ssemateeka wa Uganda owa 1967. Yabonabona mu biseera by'abafuzi baamatwale era yasibwako enfunda ntono; era omulundi ogumu ogujjukirwa yali Mwalimu [[Julius Nyerere]], pulezidenti wa Tanzania omugenzi, eyasasulira omutango ateebwe. == Omusingi gwa Abu Mayanja == Omusingi gwa Abu Mayanja gwajukirwanga omusomi era omuwandiisi w'ebyobufuzi Pulofeesa [[Ali Mazrui, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo|Ali Mazrui]] nga 30 Ogwomusanvu 2007 ku Rwenzori Ball Room, ku wooteri ya Sheraton mu Kampala. Pulofeesa Mazrui yabeerako era yakolerako mu Uganda mu biseera eby'edda. Yali ku Yunivasity y'e Makerere okuva mu 1965 okutuusa mu 1973 nga akulira essomo lya sayansi w'ebyobufuzi, era nga akulira abayizi ku ssomero lya sayansi w'embeera z'abantu okuva mu 1967–1969. Olunaku lw'okumujjukira olwategekebwa Pulofeesa Ali Mazrui lwatuumiba ''"Between Secular Activism and Religious Observance – Abu Mayanja and Africa's Triple Heritage"''. == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi Bannayuganda]] [[Category:Abazaale ba 1929]] [[Category:Abaafa mu 2005]] [[Category:Abamyuka ba bassaabaminisita aba Uganda]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abaawangangusibwa]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abaali basibiddwako ebweru w'eggwanga]] [[Category:Abaakwatibwa era ne basibibwa e Kenya]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi wansi wa Uganda Nationa Congress]] tor8nv95fgouo2sx333ihll6s19mp7x Sophie Gombya 0 8338 59400 59264 2026-07-06T20:17:54Z Samson Ssemakadde 6903 ngaseeko amatuluba 59400 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Sophie Gombya''' [[:en:Uganda|Munnayuganda]] omuyimbi,<ref name="hipipo">{{cite web|title=Musicians join First Lady in Elimination of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV|url=http://www.hipipo.com/music/news/2268/Musicians-Join-First-Lady-In-Elimination-Of-Mother-To-Child-Transmission-Of-Hiv|accessdate=26 December 2014}}</ref>omulwanirizi w'eddembe ly'abantu.<ref name="no2tobacco">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.hipipo.com/music/news/2268/Musicians-Join-First-Lady-In-Elimination-Of-Mother-To-Child-Transmission-Of-Hiv |access-date=2022-11-26 |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303235547/http://www.hipipo.com/music/news/2268/Musicians-Join-First-Lady-In-Elimination-Of-Mother-To-Child-Transmission-Of-Hiv |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="new-vision">http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/661745-artists-join-hands-to-fight-tobacco-use-among-minors.html</ref> Mufumbo eri muyimbi munne [[:en:Sam_Gombya|Sam Gombya]].<ref name="observer">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3144:tightmarking-has-kept-the-gombyas-together&catid=42:sizzling-entertainment&Itemid=74 |access-date=2022-11-26 |archive-date=2022-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126135257/https://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3144:tightmarking-has-kept-the-gombyas-together&catid=42:sizzling-entertainment&Itemid=74 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=".mo-ni-tor">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3144:tightmarking-has-kept-the-gombyas-together&catid=42:sizzling-entertainment&Itemid=74 |access-date=2022-11-26 |archive-date=2022-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126135257/https://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3144:tightmarking-has-kept-the-gombyas-together&catid=42:sizzling-entertainment&Itemid=74 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Sophie yasomerako ku Nakivubo Blue Primary School gyeyava okugenda ku Kawempe Muslim, ate oluvannyuma n'agenda ku Kibibi Senior Secondary School.<ref name="observer" /> == Okuyimba kwe == Sophie Gomba ayimbira mu ddoboozi etono ng'era ayimba n'omwami we [[:en:Sam_Gombya|Sam Gombya]]. Alina ennyimba zeyayimba ng'ali yekka era nezikwatayo gamba nga "Spare tyre" olukwata ku mukazi gyeyali avuganya ku musajja y'omu, nga luno lwawandikibwa omwami we Sam. Balina entaambi mukaaga ez'ennyimba bombi.<ref name="observer"/> === Ennyimba ze === * Nkwesize * Gyangu gyendi * Lugya Lumu * Spare tyre * Sosotola * Salawo * Ngugumuka ekiro * Ssebo Muko * Mwenyumirizamu === Entambi ze ne Sam Gombya === * Nkwesize Mu Bbuba == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ewalala w'oyinza okubigya == *[https://web.archive.org/web/20150320231606/http://www.ugandaonline.net/news/view/12413/sophie_gombya_poisoned "Sophie Gombya Poisoned"] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20190306191825/https://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Entertainment/-/812796/811326/-/item/1/-/2ycf4/-/index.html "Entertainment couples"] [[Category:Bannayuganda abakyala abayimbi ab'ekyaza kya 21]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] 0j9d616av111bhefrjv1t9bjo61jo4h 59402 59400 2026-07-06T20:25:02Z Samson Ssemakadde 6903 Ngaseeko laba ne 59402 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Sophie Gombya''' [[:en:Uganda|Munnayuganda]] omuyimbi,<ref name="hipipo">{{cite web|title=Musicians join First Lady in Elimination of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV|url=http://www.hipipo.com/music/news/2268/Musicians-Join-First-Lady-In-Elimination-Of-Mother-To-Child-Transmission-Of-Hiv|accessdate=26 December 2014}}</ref>omulwanirizi w'eddembe ly'abantu.<ref name="no2tobacco">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.hipipo.com/music/news/2268/Musicians-Join-First-Lady-In-Elimination-Of-Mother-To-Child-Transmission-Of-Hiv |access-date=2022-11-26 |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303235547/http://www.hipipo.com/music/news/2268/Musicians-Join-First-Lady-In-Elimination-Of-Mother-To-Child-Transmission-Of-Hiv |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="new-vision">http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/661745-artists-join-hands-to-fight-tobacco-use-among-minors.html</ref> Mufumbo eri muyimbi munne [[:en:Sam_Gombya|Sam Gombya]].<ref name="observer">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3144:tightmarking-has-kept-the-gombyas-together&catid=42:sizzling-entertainment&Itemid=74 |access-date=2022-11-26 |archive-date=2022-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126135257/https://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3144:tightmarking-has-kept-the-gombyas-together&catid=42:sizzling-entertainment&Itemid=74 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=".mo-ni-tor">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3144:tightmarking-has-kept-the-gombyas-together&catid=42:sizzling-entertainment&Itemid=74 |access-date=2022-11-26 |archive-date=2022-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126135257/https://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3144:tightmarking-has-kept-the-gombyas-together&catid=42:sizzling-entertainment&Itemid=74 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Sophie yasomerako ku Nakivubo Blue Primary School gyeyava okugenda ku Kawempe Muslim, ate oluvannyuma n'agenda ku Kibibi Senior Secondary School.<ref name="observer" /> == Okuyimba kwe == Sophie Gomba ayimbira mu ddoboozi etono ng'era ayimba n'omwami we [[:en:Sam_Gombya|Sam Gombya]]. Alina ennyimba zeyayimba ng'ali yekka era nezikwatayo gamba nga "Spare tyre" olukwata ku mukazi gyeyali avuganya ku musajja y'omu, nga luno lwawandikibwa omwami we Sam. Balina entaambi mukaaga ez'ennyimba bombi.<ref name="observer"/> === Ennyimba ze === * Nkwesize * Gyangu gyendi * Lugya Lumu * Spare tyre * Sosotola * Salawo * Ngugumuka ekiro * Ssebo Muko * Mwenyumirizamu === Entambi ze ne Sam Gombya === * Nkwesize Mu Bbuba == Laba ne == * [[Mariam Ndagire]] * [[Lillian Mbabazi]] * [[Fille Mutoni|Fillie Mutoni]] * [[Halima Namakula|Halimah Namakula]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ewalala w'oyinza okubigya == *[https://web.archive.org/web/20150320231606/http://www.ugandaonline.net/news/view/12413/sophie_gombya_poisoned "Sophie Gombya Poisoned"] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20190306191825/https://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Entertainment/-/812796/811326/-/item/1/-/2ycf4/-/index.html "Entertainment couples"] [[Category:Bannayuganda abakyala abayimbi ab'ekyaza kya 21]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] 0p58igkmz4dd2c0q2i2vgzu4f2bilm1 Agnes Ameede 0 9608 59426 48482 2026-07-07T07:43:39Z Ssemmanda will 3837 Okukoppa okuva mu [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] okudda mu [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi Bannayuganda]] nga nkozesa [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 59426 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Agnes Ameede''' yazaalibwa nga 12 Ogwomukaaga 1970 Munnayuganda, munnabyabufuzi, ng'awereza nga [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Omubaka wa Palamenti]] omukyala owa [[:en:Pallisa_District|Disitulikiti ya Pallisa]] mu [[:en:List_of_members_of_the_tenth_Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ey'ekkumi okuva mu 2016, okutuuka mu 2021]].<ref name="1R">https://web.archive.org/web/20180321100501/http://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=173</ref><ref>https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/candidates/ameede-agnes-10218/</ref><ref>https://theyworkforyou.github.io/uganda-parliament-watch/mp/1c2a802d-235c-4665-b9a0-cf53197ac270/</ref> == Obulamu bwe n'okusoma kwe == Agnes Ameede yazaalibwa mu [[:en:Pallisa_District|Disituliki y'e Pallisa]] nga 12 Ogwomukaaga mu 1970,<ref name="1R" /> nga bazadde be ye omwami n'omukyala Gabriel Olaki, nga omwana wabwe ow'okutaano, mu baana 12 beebaalina. Kitaabwe yali musaomesa wa pulayimale, nga'te maama we yali mukyala eyali asigala ewaka.<ref name="2R">https://observer.ug/special-editions/51447-agnes-ameede-talks-atap-dancing-and-her-travels</ref> Yasomera ku ''Kabwangasi Primary School'', ng'era taata we yeeyali omukulu w'essomero. Oluvannyuma yeegatta ku ''St. Paul's College'' erisangibwa mu kibuga ky'e [[:en:Mbale|Mbale]] ng'eno gyeyatuulira siniya eyookuna. Yeeyongerayo n'emisomo gye ku [[:en:Tororo_Girls_School|Tororo Girld School]], gyeyatuulira siniya eyoomukaaga, n'atikkirwa ne [[:en:High_School_Diploma|Dipulooma mu misomo egya waggulu mu siniya]] mu 1991.<ref name="1R" /> Mu 1994, yatikkirwa okuva ku [[:en:Makerere_University|Yunivasite y'e Makerere]], [[:en:Public_university|yunivasite ya gavumenti]] esinga obukadde n'obunene mu Uganda, ng'atikiddwa ne Diguli eya Bachelor of Arts. Oluvannyuma yafuna [[:en:Management|Dipulooma gyeyayongerezaako mu by'okudukanya emirimu]] okuva ku [[:en:Uganda_Management_Institute|Uganda Management Institute]] (UMI). Yayongerezaako ne Diguli eyookubiri mu [[:en:Master_of_Management|by'enzirukanya y'emirimu]], era okuva ku [[:en:Uganda_Management_Institute|Uganda Management Institute]]. Diguli ye eyookusatu yali mu bya saayansi mu kudukanya n'okulakulanya ebitundu, eyamuweebwa aba [[:en:Open_University|The Open University]], mu ggwanga lya Bungereza. Alina ne [[:en:Law|satifikeeti mu mateeka agafuga emirimu,]] gyeyafuna okuva ku ttendekero lya [[:en:Law_Development_Centre|Law Development Centre]] mu Kampala.<ref name="1R" /> == Emirimu gye == === Nga taneenyigira mu byabufuzi === Mu 1996, Agnes Ameede yaweebwa omulimu aba [[:en:Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs_(Uganda)|Minisitule ya Uganda Ey'ensonga z'omuggwanga munda]] ng'akola ng'avunaanyizibwa ku bayingira n'okufuluma eggwanga nga bamuteeka ku zimu ku ofiisi zaabwe ezisinganibwa e [[:en:Malaba,_Uganda|Malaba mu Uganda]]. Yawerezaayo okumala emyaka esatu, oluvannyuma n'akyusibwa okugenda ku kitebe kya Minisitule ekikulu ekisinganibwa mu [[:en:Kampala|Kampala]], ekibuga kya Uganda ekikulu.<ref name="1R" /> Mu 2003, yatwalibwa ku [[:en:Entebbe_International_Airport|kisaawe ky'ennyonyi Entebbe]], gyeyawereza okutuuka mu 2005. Mu 2006, yakuzibwa n'afuulibwa omukulembeze mu kitongole ky'okunoonyereza wamu n'eby'amateeka, era n'akyusibwa n'adda ku kitebe ekikulu e Kampala. Mu 2009, yatwalibwa mu ggwanga lya [[:en:Liberia|Liberia]], nga omuwabuzi ku by'okufuluma n'okuyingira eggwanga, gyeyali akolera n'ekibiina ekigatta amawanga g'ensi yonna okutuusa kunkomerero ya 2010.<ref name="1R" /> Okuva mu e Liberia, yateekebwa ku kisaawe ky'ennyonyi Entebbe nga omukulembeze w'ekitongole ky'okunoonyereza wamu n'eby'amateeka. Mu 2015, yakuzibwa n'afulibwa Omukungu omukulu avunaanyizibwa ku by’okuyingiza abantu mu ggwanga. Oluvannyuma mu mwaka ogwo, yalekulira n'ayingira eby'obufuzi bya Uganda.<ref name="1R" /> === Nga munnabyabufuzi === Mu kalulu kabonna aka 2016 , Agnes Ameede yeesimbawo bulungi ku ky'omubaka omukyala owa Konsitituweensi ya [[:en:Pallisa_District|Disitulikiti y'e Pallisa]], mu Palamenti ya Uganda. Yeesimbawo ku tikiti y'ekibiina ekiri mu ntebe ekya [[:en:National_Resistance_Movement|National Resisitance Movement]]. Omu kubaali bawangudwa, Catherine Achola, yawakanya ebyali buvudde mukulonda kuno bweyagenda mu kkooti, wabula neeyo Agnes Ameede yavaayo nga ye muwanguzi.<ref name="3R">https://ugandaradionetwork.com/story/court-upholds-election-of-pallisa-woman-mp</ref> Mu Palamenti eyekkumi, y'omu kubali ku bukiiko okuli; (a) Akakiiko ka palamenti akalondoola emirimu gy'ebitongole by'eggwanga n'ebya gavumenti (COSASE) wamu (b) n'akakiiko k'ensonga ezikwata ku kibiina ekigatta amawanga g'obuvanjuba bwa Afirika (COEACA).<ref name="1R" /> == Amaka ge == Agnes Ameede mukyala mufumbo nga bbaawe ye Lawrence Omulen ng'era bazadde b'abaana basatu aboobuwala.<ref name="2R" /> == Laba ne == * [[:en:Anna_Ebaju_Adeke|Anna Ebaju Adeke]] * [[:en:Anita_Among|Anita Among]] * [[:en:Doreen_Amule|Doreen Amule]] * [[:en:Pallisa_District|Disitulikiti y'e Pallisa]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] * [[:en:List_of_members_of_the_tenth_Parliament_of_Uganda|Olukalala lw'ababaka ba Palamenti ya Uganda eyekkumi]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == * [https://www.parliament.go.ug/ Omukutu gwa yintaneeti owa Paalamenti ya Uganda] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi Bannayuganda]] 8un0mkn6lydo2tcvmuymx29bkg88q3r Akite Agnes 0 9633 59384 58963 2026-07-06T17:45:38Z Ssebuufu 9882 Ntereezeza Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe 59384 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akite Agnes''' (yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwokusatu 1983) Munnayuganda [[omuzannyi wa Katemba]] ow'oku siteegi, [[mwogezi w'oku mikolo]], era [[Ayagala nyo okuyamba|ayagala ennyo okuyamba]]. Amanyiddwa nnyo olw'okuzannya nga Arach <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Nantaba |first=Agnes |date=19 October 2018 |title=Agnes Akite aka Arach on Funny Ugandans |url=https://southsudan.biz/uganda/2018/08/22/agnes-akite-aka-arach-on-funny-ugandans/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208124430/https://southsudan.biz/uganda/2018/08/22/agnes-akite-aka-arach-on-funny-ugandans/ |archive-date=8 December 2020 |access-date=19 October 2018 |website=Uganda News Archive}}</ref> mu firimu ya [[The Hostel]]. Era yazannyirako mu firimu ya Pearl Magic's Girl from Mparo nga Mama Brian, muliraanwa alingiriza. Engeri ye eya Katemba ya kusaagirira ku nsonga eziruma abantu mu mbeera zaabwe eza bulijjo mu bulamu bwabwe. == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Agnes yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwokusatu 1983 mu [[Akite Agnes|Kampala,]] Uganda, mu maka ga Anthony Opio, omubalirizi w'ebitabo ne Hellen Opio. Ye mwana ow'okutaano mu baana mwenda,<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> bwe bazaalibwa. Yakulira Kitintale oluvannyuma n'adda e Mutungo, ebitundu ebiriraanye [[Kampala]]. Yakuzibwa nga [[Akite Agnes|Mukatoliki]] n'agenda mu St. Kizito Primary School, Bugolobi, gye yatuulira ebigezo bye eby'ekyomusanvu, era oluvannyuma yeegatta ku Our Lady of Good counsel, Gayaza gye yamalira siniya.Ebigezo ebya Siniya Eyookuna yabituulira ku Naalya S.S Namugongo oluvannyuma nadda ku St.Lawrence reamland Campus nga eno gyeyatuulira ebigezo ebya Siniya Eyoomukaaga oba UACE. Oluvannyuma yayingira [[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|Makerere University]] mu 2003 gye yafunira diguli esooka mu by'obulambuzi.<ref name="monitor">{{Cite web |title=Comedienne Agnes Akite's complicated path to stardom |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Comedienne-Agnes-Akite-complicated-path-stardom/689842-4984156-158g348z/index.html |access-date=1 June 2019 |website=Daily Monitor}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Mu 2009, Agnes yatuukirirwa [[Anne Kansiime]] okuzannya mu firimu empya eyitibwa The Hostel oluvannyuma lwa mukwano gwe, Pamela, okugigaana. Yaweebwa ekifo kya Arach nga tasoose kugezesebwa.<ref name=":0">{{cite podcast |last=Anthony|first=Luke|title=Agnes Akite - Uganda Special|website=The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast|date=7 April 2019|url=https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|accessdate=9 April 2019|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531161219/https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Eno y'eyali entandikwa y'omulimu gwe ogw'okuzannya katemba. Omuzannyo Hostel gwali gwamanyibwa nyo mu Uganda, nga gwasook kulagibwa ku NTV ate oluvannyuma ku [[DStv]]. Agnes yasigala mu mizannyo guno ogw'okusiteegi emirundi esatu n'avaamu mu 2012 ng'ateekateeka okuzaala omwana we ow'okubiri, Brianna. [citation needed] Mu 2014, yatandika okuzannya emizannyo mu kibiina ekiyitibwa The Punchliners, oluvannyuma lw'okusendebwasendebwa [[Anne Kansiime]] ne Daniel Omara okugezaako okuzannya Katemba ow'okusiteegi.<ref name=":02">{{cite podcast|last=Anthony|first=Luke|title=Agnes Akite - Uganda Special|website=The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast|date=7 April 2019|url=https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|accessdate=9 April 2019|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531161219/https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="monitor2">{{Cite web |title=Comedienne Agnes Akite's complicated path to stardom |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Comedienne-Agnes-Akite-complicated-path-stardom/689842-4984156-158g348z/index.html |access-date=1 June 2019 |website=Daily Monitor}}</ref> Oluvannyuma yegatta ku Comedy Files. Mu 2015, y'omu ku baazannya Queens of Comedy Uganda vs Kings of Comedy Rwanda mu Kigali. Mu 2016, yalabikira mu Girl from Mparo nga Mama Brian, omuzannyo ogwalagibwanga ku UBC<ref>{{Cite web |title=Girl From Mparo |url=https://ubc.ug/index.php/timetable/event/mparo/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121161802/https://ubc.ug/index.php/timetable/event/mparo/ |archive-date=21 November 2018 |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Uganda Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref> n'oluvannyuma ne guteekebwa ku DSTV's Pearl Magic. Mu 2018, endagaano ye ne Comedy Files ng'eweddeko, Agnes yatandika okukola emirimu gye obwomu ku mikutu gya katemba egy'enjawulo, omuli Rock Comedy ne Comedy Store Ug, ayanjulibwa [[Alex Muhangi]]. Mu mwezi Ogw'omukaaga, yalabika mu kivulu ekya Kampala Comedy, ogwategekebwa Okello Okello, munnakatemba omwatuukirivu mu Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Atungisa |first=Don |date=2 July 2018 |title=PHOTOS: How it Went Down at the Inaugural Kampala Comedy Festival |url=https://pulse.mtn.co.ug/photos-how-it-went-down-at-the-inaugural-kampala-comedy-festival%20) |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=3 October 2018 |website=MTN Pulse}} - {{Cite web |last=Nakassanje |first=Winnie |date=5 July 2018 |title=The First Ever Kampala Comedy Festival Reveals New Internationals |url=https://kampalasun.co.ug/2018/07/05/the-first-ever-kampala-comedy-festival-reveales-new-international/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121203732/https://kampalasun.co.ug/2018/07/05/the-first-ever-kampala-comedy-festival-reveales-new-international/ |archive-date=21 November 2018 |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=The Kampala Sun}}</ref> Bwe yakomawo mu Comedy Stores UG mu Ogw'omunaana, yakwata abantu omubabiro.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ampurire |first=Paul |date=20 July 2018 |title=Comedienne Agned Arach Impresses Revellers on Comedy Store |url=https://www.softpower.ug/comedienne-agnes-arach-impresses-revellers-on-comedy-store/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Soft Power News}}</ref> Ekitundu ky'omuzannyo ogwo kyayatiikirira nnyo ku mukutu ogwa ''[[WhatsApp]]'', gye yatenderezebwa ennyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ampurire |first=Paul |date=20 July 2018 |title=Comedienne Agned Arach Impresses Revellers on Comedy Store |url=https://www.softpower.ug/comedienne-agnes-arach-impresses-revellers-on-comedy-store/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Soft Power News}}</ref> Yagamba nti omuzannyo guno gwali gumanyiddwa nnyo olw'omulimu gwa Comedy Store gwe yakola ku mikutu emigatta bantu, ne Kakensa Media, olwokubeera n'abagoberezi abangi ku Facebook.<ref name=":03">{{cite podcast|last=Anthony|first=Luke|title=Agnes Akite - Uganda Special|website=The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast|date=7 April 2019|url=https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|accessdate=9 April 2019|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531161219/https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wakati w'Ogwomunaana n'Ogwekkuminoogumu, Agnes yali omu ku ba UG Pineapple Comedy Tour, ekyamutwala mu bitundu by'eggwanga eby'enjawulo omuli [[Mbale]], [[Gulu]], [[Fort Portal]], [[Jinja]], ne [[Mbarara (disitulikit)|Mbarara]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oneal |first=Nicholas |date=1 August 2018 |title=Kampala Comedians Thrill Mbale Residents |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1482561/kampala-comedians-thrill-mbale-residents |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=New Vision }} - {{Cite web |last=Emorut |first=Brian |date=19 September 2018 |title=Gulu Comedy Fans Embrace Ug Pineapple |url=http://guide2uganda.ug/weekend-buzz-gulu-comedy-fans-embrace-ug-pineapple-comedy-tour/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Guide 2 Uganda }} - {{Cite web |last=Shantel |first=Denzel |date=21 November 2018 |title=Jinja Comedy Fans Get a Taste of the New Ug Pineapple |url=https://www.showbizuganda.com/jinja-comedy-fans-get-a-taste-of-the-new-ug-pineapple/?pr=70278&lang=en |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=Showbiz Uganda }} - {{Cite web |last=Abenaitwe |first=Cliff |date=21 November 2018 |title=Fanfare at the Mbarara Ug Pineapple Comedy Tour |url=https://mbararanews.co.ug/fanfare-at-the-mbarara-ug-pineapple-comedy-tour-lf/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241126195152/https://mbararanews.co.ug/fanfare-at-the-mbarara-ug-pineapple-comedy-tour-lf/ |archive-date=26 November 2024 |access-date= |website=Mbarara News |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yali omu ku baali mu kibinja kya Comedy Store Ug ekyagenda e Mbarara okuzannya emizannyo gyayo egisookera ddala ebweru wa Kampala.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ampurire |first=Paul |date=25 September 2018 |title=PICTORIAL: MC Mariachi Wows Mbarara During Comedy Store's Tour |url=https://www.softpower.ug/pictorial-mc-mariachi-wows-mbarara-during-comedy-stores-tour/ |access-date=26 September 2019 |website=SoftPower News}}</ref> Agnes yalabikira omulundi ogwasooka mu kitundu eky'okuna ekya ''Africa'' Laughs nga 8 Ogwekkumi mu [[Kampala Serena Hotel]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Larubi |first=Robert |date=9 October 2018 |title=Africa Laughs Season 4 Drama and Humour Leaves Revellers in Tears |url=https://www.softpower.ug/africa-laughs-season-4-drama-and-humour-leave-revelers-in-tears/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=Soft Power News }} - {{Cite web |last= |first= |date=10 October 2018 |title=Africa Laughs Season 4 Leaves Uganda Dying with Laughter |url=http://www.ghafla.com/ug/africa-laughs-season-4-leaves-uganda-dying-with-laughter/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=12 October 2018 |website=Ghafla }} - {{Cite web |last=Matooke |first=Republic |date=9 October 2018 |title=Drama and Rib Cracking Laughter Light Up Africa Laughs Season 4 |url=https://matookerepublic.com/2018/10/09/drama-and-rib-cracking-humour-light-up-africa-laughs-season-4/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122132107/https://matookerepublic.com/2018/10/09/drama-and-rib-cracking-humour-light-up-africa-laughs-season-4/ |archive-date=22 November 2018 |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Matooke Republic |url-status=dead }}</ref> eyategekebwa [[Patrick Salvador Idringi]], n'abazannyi ba katemba abalala okwali [[Basketmouth]], Alfred Kainga, [[Eddie Kadi]], Mc Jesse, Pulofeesa Haimo, ne Arthur Nkusi. Mu Gwekkumineebiri, yaddamu okuzannya, ku mulundi guno ng'ali ne [[Fun Factory]] mu firimu ez'ebitundu eziragibwa ku TV eyitibwa ''Mizigo Express'', nga muganzi wa Sam. Ku ntandikwa ey'Ogwokusatu 2019, Agnes yatandikawo era n'atongoza [[Arise Woman!]] [[Comedy Jam]]<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref>ku [[lunaku lw'abakyala olw'ensi yonna]]. Mu kukuza olunaku lw'okuwummula, omuzannyo gwaliko abakazi bonna abazannyi aba Katemba,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kulanyi |first=Rachael |date=11 March 2019 |title=Female comedians celebrate Women's day in a comedy show dubbed 'Arise Woman Comedy Jam |url=https://matookerepublic.com/2019/03/11/female-comedians-celebrate-womens-day-in-a-comedy-show-dubbed-arise-woman-comedy-jam/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402080020/https://matookerepublic.com/2019/03/11/female-comedians-celebrate-womens-day-in-a-comedy-show-dubbed-arise-woman-comedy-jam/ |archive-date=2 April 2019 |access-date=12 March 2019 |website=Matooke Republic |url-status=dead }}</ref> omwali Nancy Kobusheshe, Maggie the Bwaiserian, Rich Mouth, Dora Nakagga, Leila Kachapizo, n'abakyala ba Fun Factory. Ekitundu ky'ensimbi ezaava mu lulaga luno zaweebwa eri abetaaga obuyambi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Emuk |first=Benjamen |date=9 March 2019 |title=Ugandan Female Comics Dedicate 'Arise Woman Comedy Jam' Show to Charity |url=https://life.chimpreports.com/ugandan-female-comics-dedicate-arise-woman-comedy-jam-show-to-charity/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402081323/https://life.chimpreports.com/ugandan-female-comics-dedicate-arise-woman-comedy-jam-show-to-charity/ |archive-date=2 April 2019 |access-date=12 March 2019 |website=Chimp Reports}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'Ogwokusatu, Agnes yaddayo e Kigali ng'ali mu Seka Fest, n'abazannyi abalala okuva mu Uganda, Kenya, ne Nigeria.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Batte |first=Edgar. R |date=1 April 2019 |title=Ugandan comedians shine at Kigali's Seka fest |url=http://www.sqoop.co.ug/201904/news/events/ugandan-comedians-shine-at-kigalis-seka-fest.html |access-date=2 April 2019 |website=Sqoop}}</ref> Mu Gwokuna, yalabikira mu The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast, eyalagibwa ''omukubi'' wa firimu Luke Anthony ng'ekitundu kya Uganda Special.<ref name=":04">{{cite podcast|last=Anthony|first=Luke|title=Agnes Akite - Uganda Special|website=The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast|date=7 April 2019|url=https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|accessdate=9 April 2019|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531161219/https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mu Gwomusanvu 2019, yali omu ku bannakatemba ba Uganda abeetaba mu Laugh Festival mu Nairobi, Kenya,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nkurunzinza |first=James Peter |date=5 July 2019 |title=Rwandan comedian to perform at the 'Laugh Festival' in Nairobi |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/rwandan-comedian-perform-laugh-festival-nairobi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725035756/https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/rwandan-comedian-perform-laugh-festival-nairobi |archive-date=25 July 2019 |access-date=6 October 2019 |website=The New Times}} - {{Cite web |last=Zuri |first=Admin |date=24 July 2019 |title=International Laugh Festival (3rd Edition) |url=https://zurinews.com/laugh-festival-3-in-back-the-comedy-heist-full-infor/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925081054/https://zurinews.com/laugh-festival-3-in-back-the-comedy-heist-full-infor/ |archive-date=25 September 2019 |access-date=25 September 2019 |website=Zuri News}} - {{Cite web |last=Ngigi |first=Elizabeth |date=26 July 2019 |title=Laugh Festival Back for Round 3 |url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/sasa/word-is/2019-07-26-laugh-festival-back-for-round-3/ |access-date=25 September 2019 |website=The Star}} - {{Cite web |last=Kagonye |first=Fredrick |date=20 July 2019 |title=Wamlambez Dominates Laugh Festival |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001335745/wamlambez-dominates-laugh-festival |access-date=25 September 2019 |website=Standard Digital}}</ref> ate mu Gw'omwenda, yazannya mu Uganda North America Association Convention mu Chicago. Mu Gwekkumineebiri, ye yakulemberamu omukolo gwa One Africa Festival, ng'agezaako okulwanyisa obukyayi mu [[Port Elizabeth]], South Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 December 2019 |title=Comedy show fight against xenophobia |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/Local/PE-Express/comedy-show-fight-against-xenophobia-20191216 |access-date=26 December 2019 |website=News24}}</ref> Agnes yagenda mu maaso naategeka olulaga lwa ''Arise Woman Comedy Jam'' ''mu Gwokusatu 2020 era nga yaliwamu n'abakazi abalala okuva mu'' [[Fun Factory Uganda]] wamu ne [[Anne Kansiime]] n'abalala.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Matooke |first=Republic |date=4 March 2020 |title=Season Two of Arise Women Comedy Jam set to crack ribs this Friday – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20200304/season-two-of-arise-women-comedy-jam-set-to-crack-ribs-this-friday/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> Mu Ogw'omwenda 2022, Agnes ye yaweebwa ekyokuba muzannyi eyaggulawo olulaga mu ''Africa Laughs'' eya [[Patrick Salvador Idringi|Patrick Salvado Idringi]] ey'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ampurire |first=Paul |date=31 October 2022 |title=Africa Laughs 6 succeeds in debunking the stereotypes tagged on Uganda's stand-up |url=https://pluggedaily.com/2022/10/31/africa-laughs-6-succeeds-in-debunking-the-stereotypes-tagged-on-ugandas-standup/ |access-date=3 November 2022 |website=Plugged}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Namutebi |first=Phiona |date=26 October 2022 |title=Africa Laughs comedy show is back at Kololo Airstrip |url=https://capitalradio.co.ug/entertainment/2022-10-26-africa-laughs-comedy-show-is-back-at-kololo-airstrip/ |access-date=3 November 2022 |website=Capital Radio}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 October 2022 |title=Africa Laughs returns with comedic masterpiece |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/africa-laughs-returns-with-comedic-masterpiece/ |access-date=3 November 2022 |website=The Independent Uganda}}</ref> Nga 23 Ogwekkumi 2024 yategeka olulaga lwe yekka ku National Theatre lwe yatuuma Son of Opio.<ref name=":14">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> [[File:Fun_Factory_Ladies.jpg|alt=|thumb|257x257px|Abakyala okuva mu [[:en:Fun_Factory_Uganda|Fun Factory]] nga baliko akatundu katemba gwebakola mu lulaga olwa mu Arise Woman]] == Sitayiro ye eya Katemba == Enkola ya Agnes ey'okuzanyira ku siteegi ya Katemba ow'okwetegereza, mwatunuulira embeera eyewuunyisa mu bulamu bw'omuntu. Era olumu akozesa embeera ey'okwenyooma. Yeewala eby'obufuzi. == Obulamu bwe obw'omunda == Agnes mwana wakutaano<ref name=":15">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> mu maka agalimu abalenzi babiri, Richard ne Emmanuel, ne bagandabe mukaaga,Cathy, Grace, Mary, Susan, Harriet, ne Doreen. Muzadde wa baana babiri, Noel ne Brianna, era alina enkolagana ne Brian Makalama. Mukatoliki era asabira mu Kkanisa eya Our Lady of Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baike |first=Prisca |title=Comedian Agnes Akite has Bone to Pick with Minister Lokodo |url=https://www.observer.ug/lifestyle/43766-comedian-agnes-akite-has-bone-to-pick-with-minister-lokodo |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120095434/https://www.observer.ug/lifestyle/43766-comedian-agnes-akite-has-bone-to-pick-with-minister-lokodo |archive-date=20 November 2018 |access-date=19 October 2018 |website=The Observer |location=Uganda}}</ref> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri, yalumbibwa naakubwa ababbi bwe yali ava e Najjeera ku lulaga ekiro era yalumizibwa n'ekiwudu ku mutwe wamu n'ebinuubule ku liiso.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mwesigwa |first=Solomon |date=14 November 2023 |title=Comedienne Agnes Akite attacked and robbed by thugs after a quiz night session |url=https://mbu.ug/2023/11/14/agnes-akite-comedienne-robbed/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=MBU}}</ref> == Obuyambi bw'abantu == Agnes y'omu ku batandisi era akulira ekitongole ekya Arise Woman Foundation,<ref name=":16">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> ekirwanirira n'okuzzaamu amaanyi n'essuubi abakazi n'abavubuka. [citation needed] Ensimbi eziva mu kibiina ekya Arise Women! Comedy Jam ziweebwa eri Home of Hope, Jinja. [citation needed] == Firimu ze == {| class="wikitable" |+Emirundi gy'alabise ng'azannya mu firimu ne ttivi !Omwaka !Ekitiibwa !Omulimu gwe !Olukalala !Ebyafaayo |- |2009-2012 |''The Hostel'' |Envubu |NTV Uganda, DStv Africa Magic Entertainment, ZUKU TV, ne NTV KENYA | |- |2016 |Girl from Mparo |Maama Brian |[[Uganda Broadcasting Corporation|UBC]], DStv Pearl Magic | |- |2018 kati |''Mizigo Express'' |Muganzi wa Sam |DStv- Pearl Magi | |} == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * Akite Agnes at IMDb [[Category:Bannakatemba]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1983]] [[Category:Bannayuganda bannakatemba abayimirira bokka ku sitegi ne basesa abantu]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abakazi abazannyi ba katemba]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abakazi abazannyi ba firimu]] [[Category:Abantu abava e Kampala]] [[Category:Abaasomerako ku Ssettendekero wa Makerere University]] [[Category:Bannayuganda Abakatoliki]] aw8f38b4v9uujr2hqod9e99x4ptn8lx 59385 59384 2026-07-06T17:47:14Z Ssebuufu 9882 /* Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe */ 59385 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akite Agnes''' (yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwokusatu 1983) Munnayuganda [[omuzannyi wa Katemba]] ow'oku siteegi, [[mwogezi w'oku mikolo]], era [[Ayagala nyo okuyamba|ayagala ennyo okuyamba]]. Amanyiddwa nnyo olw'okuzannya nga Arach <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Nantaba |first=Agnes |date=19 October 2018 |title=Agnes Akite aka Arach on Funny Ugandans |url=https://southsudan.biz/uganda/2018/08/22/agnes-akite-aka-arach-on-funny-ugandans/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208124430/https://southsudan.biz/uganda/2018/08/22/agnes-akite-aka-arach-on-funny-ugandans/ |archive-date=8 December 2020 |access-date=19 October 2018 |website=Uganda News Archive}}</ref> mu firimu ya [[The Hostel]]. Era yazannyirako mu firimu ya Pearl Magic's Girl from Mparo nga Mama Brian, muliraanwa alingiriza. Engeri ye eya Katemba ya kusaagirira ku nsonga eziruma abantu mu mbeera zaabwe eza bulijjo mu bulamu bwabwe. == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Agnes yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwokusatu 1983 mu [[Akite Agnes|Kampala,]] Uganda, mu maka ga Anthony Opio, omubalirizi w'ebitabo ne Hellen Opio. Ye mwana ow'okutaano mu baana mwenda,<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> bwe bazaalibwa. Yakulira Kitintale oluvannyuma n'adda e Mutungo, ebitundu ebiriraanye [[Kampala]]. Yakuzibwa nga [[Akite Agnes|Mukatoliki]] n'agenda mu St. Kizito Primary School, Bugolobi, gye yatuulira ebigezo bye eby'ekyomusanvu, era oluvannyuma yeegatta ku Our Lady of Good counsel, Gayaza gye yamalira siniya.Ebigezo ebya Siniya Eyookuna yabituulira ku Naalya S.S Namugongo oluvannyuma nadda ku St.Lawrence reamland Campus nga eno gyeyatuulira ebigezo ebya Siniya Eyoomukaaga oba UACE. Oluvannyuma yayingira [[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|Makerere University]] mu 2003 gye yafunira diguli esooka mu by'obulambuzi.<ref name="monitor">{{Cite web |title=Comedienne Agnes Akite's complicated path to stardom |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Comedienne-Agnes-Akite-complicated-path-stardom/689842-4984156-158g348z/index.html |access-date=1 June 2019 |website=Daily Monitor}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Mu 2009, Agnes yatuukirirwa [[Anne Kansiime]] okuzannya mu firimu empya eyitibwa The Hostel oluvannyuma lwa mukwano gwe, Pamela, okugigaana. Yaweebwa ekifo kya Arach nga tasoose kugezesebwa.<ref name=":0">{{cite podcast |last=Anthony|first=Luke|title=Agnes Akite - Uganda Special|website=The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast|date=7 April 2019|url=https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|accessdate=9 April 2019|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531161219/https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Eno yeeyali entandikwa y'omulimu gwe ogw'okuzannya katemba. Omuzannyo Hostel gwali gwamanyibwa nyo mu Uganda, nga gwasook kulagibwa ku NTV ate oluvannyuma ku [[DStv]]. Agnes yasigala mu mizannyo guno ogw'okusiteegi emirundi esatu n'avaamu mu 2012 ng'ateekateeka okuzaala omwana we ow'okubiri, Brianna. [citation needed] Mu 2014, yatandika okuzannya emizannyo mu kibiina ekiyitibwa The Punchliners, oluvannyuma lw'okusendebwasendebwa [[Anne Kansiime]] ne Daniel Omara okugezaako okuzannya Katemba ow'okusiteegi.<ref name=":02">{{cite podcast|last=Anthony|first=Luke|title=Agnes Akite - Uganda Special|website=The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast|date=7 April 2019|url=https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|accessdate=9 April 2019|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531161219/https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="monitor2">{{Cite web |title=Comedienne Agnes Akite's complicated path to stardom |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Comedienne-Agnes-Akite-complicated-path-stardom/689842-4984156-158g348z/index.html |access-date=1 June 2019 |website=Daily Monitor}}</ref> Oluvannyuma yegatta ku Comedy Files. Mu 2015, y'omu ku baazannya Queens of Comedy Uganda vs Kings of Comedy Rwanda mu Kigali. Mu 2016, yalabikira mu Girl from Mparo nga Mama Brian, omuzannyo ogwalagibwanga ku UBC<ref>{{Cite web |title=Girl From Mparo |url=https://ubc.ug/index.php/timetable/event/mparo/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121161802/https://ubc.ug/index.php/timetable/event/mparo/ |archive-date=21 November 2018 |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Uganda Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref> n'oluvannyuma ne guteekebwa ku DSTV's Pearl Magic. Mu 2018, endagaano ye ne Comedy Files ng'eweddeko, Agnes yatandika okukola emirimu gye obwomu ku mikutu gya katemba egy'enjawulo, omuli Rock Comedy ne Comedy Store Ug, ayanjulibwa [[Alex Muhangi]]. Mu mwezi Ogw'omukaaga, yalabika mu kivulu ekya Kampala Comedy, ogwategekebwa Okello Okello, munnakatemba omwatuukirivu mu Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Atungisa |first=Don |date=2 July 2018 |title=PHOTOS: How it Went Down at the Inaugural Kampala Comedy Festival |url=https://pulse.mtn.co.ug/photos-how-it-went-down-at-the-inaugural-kampala-comedy-festival%20) |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=3 October 2018 |website=MTN Pulse}} - {{Cite web |last=Nakassanje |first=Winnie |date=5 July 2018 |title=The First Ever Kampala Comedy Festival Reveals New Internationals |url=https://kampalasun.co.ug/2018/07/05/the-first-ever-kampala-comedy-festival-reveales-new-international/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121203732/https://kampalasun.co.ug/2018/07/05/the-first-ever-kampala-comedy-festival-reveales-new-international/ |archive-date=21 November 2018 |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=The Kampala Sun}}</ref> Bwe yakomawo mu Comedy Stores UG mu Ogw'omunaana, yakwata abantu omubabiro.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ampurire |first=Paul |date=20 July 2018 |title=Comedienne Agned Arach Impresses Revellers on Comedy Store |url=https://www.softpower.ug/comedienne-agnes-arach-impresses-revellers-on-comedy-store/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Soft Power News}}</ref> Ekitundu ky'omuzannyo ogwo kyayatiikirira nnyo ku mukutu ogwa ''[[WhatsApp]]'', gye yatenderezebwa ennyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ampurire |first=Paul |date=20 July 2018 |title=Comedienne Agned Arach Impresses Revellers on Comedy Store |url=https://www.softpower.ug/comedienne-agnes-arach-impresses-revellers-on-comedy-store/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Soft Power News}}</ref> Yagamba nti omuzannyo guno gwali gumanyiddwa nnyo olw'omulimu gwa Comedy Store gwe yakola ku mikutu emigatta bantu, ne Kakensa Media, olwokubeera n'abagoberezi abangi ku Facebook.<ref name=":03">{{cite podcast|last=Anthony|first=Luke|title=Agnes Akite - Uganda Special|website=The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast|date=7 April 2019|url=https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|accessdate=9 April 2019|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531161219/https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wakati w'Ogwomunaana n'Ogwekkuminoogumu, Agnes yali omu ku ba UG Pineapple Comedy Tour, ekyamutwala mu bitundu by'eggwanga eby'enjawulo omuli [[Mbale]], [[Gulu]], [[Fort Portal]], [[Jinja]], ne [[Mbarara (disitulikit)|Mbarara]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oneal |first=Nicholas |date=1 August 2018 |title=Kampala Comedians Thrill Mbale Residents |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1482561/kampala-comedians-thrill-mbale-residents |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=New Vision }} - {{Cite web |last=Emorut |first=Brian |date=19 September 2018 |title=Gulu Comedy Fans Embrace Ug Pineapple |url=http://guide2uganda.ug/weekend-buzz-gulu-comedy-fans-embrace-ug-pineapple-comedy-tour/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Guide 2 Uganda }} - {{Cite web |last=Shantel |first=Denzel |date=21 November 2018 |title=Jinja Comedy Fans Get a Taste of the New Ug Pineapple |url=https://www.showbizuganda.com/jinja-comedy-fans-get-a-taste-of-the-new-ug-pineapple/?pr=70278&lang=en |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=Showbiz Uganda }} - {{Cite web |last=Abenaitwe |first=Cliff |date=21 November 2018 |title=Fanfare at the Mbarara Ug Pineapple Comedy Tour |url=https://mbararanews.co.ug/fanfare-at-the-mbarara-ug-pineapple-comedy-tour-lf/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241126195152/https://mbararanews.co.ug/fanfare-at-the-mbarara-ug-pineapple-comedy-tour-lf/ |archive-date=26 November 2024 |access-date= |website=Mbarara News |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yali omu ku baali mu kibinja kya Comedy Store Ug ekyagenda e Mbarara okuzannya emizannyo gyayo egisookera ddala ebweru wa Kampala.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ampurire |first=Paul |date=25 September 2018 |title=PICTORIAL: MC Mariachi Wows Mbarara During Comedy Store's Tour |url=https://www.softpower.ug/pictorial-mc-mariachi-wows-mbarara-during-comedy-stores-tour/ |access-date=26 September 2019 |website=SoftPower News}}</ref> Agnes yalabikira omulundi ogwasooka mu kitundu eky'okuna ekya ''Africa'' Laughs nga 8 Ogwekkumi mu [[Kampala Serena Hotel]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Larubi |first=Robert |date=9 October 2018 |title=Africa Laughs Season 4 Drama and Humour Leaves Revellers in Tears |url=https://www.softpower.ug/africa-laughs-season-4-drama-and-humour-leave-revelers-in-tears/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=Soft Power News }} - {{Cite web |last= |first= |date=10 October 2018 |title=Africa Laughs Season 4 Leaves Uganda Dying with Laughter |url=http://www.ghafla.com/ug/africa-laughs-season-4-leaves-uganda-dying-with-laughter/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=12 October 2018 |website=Ghafla }} - {{Cite web |last=Matooke |first=Republic |date=9 October 2018 |title=Drama and Rib Cracking Laughter Light Up Africa Laughs Season 4 |url=https://matookerepublic.com/2018/10/09/drama-and-rib-cracking-humour-light-up-africa-laughs-season-4/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122132107/https://matookerepublic.com/2018/10/09/drama-and-rib-cracking-humour-light-up-africa-laughs-season-4/ |archive-date=22 November 2018 |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=Matooke Republic |url-status=dead }}</ref> eyategekebwa [[Patrick Salvador Idringi]], n'abazannyi ba katemba abalala okwali [[Basketmouth]], Alfred Kainga, [[Eddie Kadi]], Mc Jesse, Pulofeesa Haimo, ne Arthur Nkusi. Mu Gwekkumineebiri, yaddamu okuzannya, ku mulundi guno ng'ali ne [[Fun Factory]] mu firimu ez'ebitundu eziragibwa ku TV eyitibwa ''Mizigo Express'', nga muganzi wa Sam. Ku ntandikwa ey'Ogwokusatu 2019, Agnes yatandikawo era n'atongoza [[Arise Woman!]] [[Comedy Jam]]<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref>ku [[lunaku lw'abakyala olw'ensi yonna]]. Mu kukuza olunaku lw'okuwummula, omuzannyo gwaliko abakazi bonna abazannyi aba Katemba,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kulanyi |first=Rachael |date=11 March 2019 |title=Female comedians celebrate Women's day in a comedy show dubbed 'Arise Woman Comedy Jam |url=https://matookerepublic.com/2019/03/11/female-comedians-celebrate-womens-day-in-a-comedy-show-dubbed-arise-woman-comedy-jam/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402080020/https://matookerepublic.com/2019/03/11/female-comedians-celebrate-womens-day-in-a-comedy-show-dubbed-arise-woman-comedy-jam/ |archive-date=2 April 2019 |access-date=12 March 2019 |website=Matooke Republic |url-status=dead }}</ref> omwali Nancy Kobusheshe, Maggie the Bwaiserian, Rich Mouth, Dora Nakagga, Leila Kachapizo, n'abakyala ba Fun Factory. Ekitundu ky'ensimbi ezaava mu lulaga luno zaweebwa eri abetaaga obuyambi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Emuk |first=Benjamen |date=9 March 2019 |title=Ugandan Female Comics Dedicate 'Arise Woman Comedy Jam' Show to Charity |url=https://life.chimpreports.com/ugandan-female-comics-dedicate-arise-woman-comedy-jam-show-to-charity/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402081323/https://life.chimpreports.com/ugandan-female-comics-dedicate-arise-woman-comedy-jam-show-to-charity/ |archive-date=2 April 2019 |access-date=12 March 2019 |website=Chimp Reports}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'Ogwokusatu, Agnes yaddayo e Kigali ng'ali mu Seka Fest, n'abazannyi abalala okuva mu Uganda, Kenya, ne Nigeria.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Batte |first=Edgar. R |date=1 April 2019 |title=Ugandan comedians shine at Kigali's Seka fest |url=http://www.sqoop.co.ug/201904/news/events/ugandan-comedians-shine-at-kigalis-seka-fest.html |access-date=2 April 2019 |website=Sqoop}}</ref> Mu Gwokuna, yalabikira mu The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast, eyalagibwa ''omukubi'' wa firimu Luke Anthony ng'ekitundu kya Uganda Special.<ref name=":04">{{cite podcast|last=Anthony|first=Luke|title=Agnes Akite - Uganda Special|website=The Comedian's OutLuke Podcast|date=7 April 2019|url=https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|accessdate=9 April 2019|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531161219/https://thecomediansoutluke.podbean.com/e/10-agnes-akite-uganda-special/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mu Gwomusanvu 2019, yali omu ku bannakatemba ba Uganda abeetaba mu Laugh Festival mu Nairobi, Kenya,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nkurunzinza |first=James Peter |date=5 July 2019 |title=Rwandan comedian to perform at the 'Laugh Festival' in Nairobi |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/rwandan-comedian-perform-laugh-festival-nairobi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725035756/https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/rwandan-comedian-perform-laugh-festival-nairobi |archive-date=25 July 2019 |access-date=6 October 2019 |website=The New Times}} - {{Cite web |last=Zuri |first=Admin |date=24 July 2019 |title=International Laugh Festival (3rd Edition) |url=https://zurinews.com/laugh-festival-3-in-back-the-comedy-heist-full-infor/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925081054/https://zurinews.com/laugh-festival-3-in-back-the-comedy-heist-full-infor/ |archive-date=25 September 2019 |access-date=25 September 2019 |website=Zuri News}} - {{Cite web |last=Ngigi |first=Elizabeth |date=26 July 2019 |title=Laugh Festival Back for Round 3 |url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/sasa/word-is/2019-07-26-laugh-festival-back-for-round-3/ |access-date=25 September 2019 |website=The Star}} - {{Cite web |last=Kagonye |first=Fredrick |date=20 July 2019 |title=Wamlambez Dominates Laugh Festival |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001335745/wamlambez-dominates-laugh-festival |access-date=25 September 2019 |website=Standard Digital}}</ref> ate mu Gw'omwenda, yazannya mu Uganda North America Association Convention mu Chicago. Mu Gwekkumineebiri, ye yakulemberamu omukolo gwa One Africa Festival, ng'agezaako okulwanyisa obukyayi mu [[Port Elizabeth]], South Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 December 2019 |title=Comedy show fight against xenophobia |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/Local/PE-Express/comedy-show-fight-against-xenophobia-20191216 |access-date=26 December 2019 |website=News24}}</ref> Agnes yagenda mu maaso naategeka olulaga lwa ''Arise Woman Comedy Jam'' ''mu Gwokusatu 2020 era nga yaliwamu n'abakazi abalala okuva mu'' [[Fun Factory Uganda]] wamu ne [[Anne Kansiime]] n'abalala.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Matooke |first=Republic |date=4 March 2020 |title=Season Two of Arise Women Comedy Jam set to crack ribs this Friday – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20200304/season-two-of-arise-women-comedy-jam-set-to-crack-ribs-this-friday/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> Mu Ogw'omwenda 2022, Agnes ye yaweebwa ekyokuba muzannyi eyaggulawo olulaga mu ''Africa Laughs'' eya [[Patrick Salvador Idringi|Patrick Salvado Idringi]] ey'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ampurire |first=Paul |date=31 October 2022 |title=Africa Laughs 6 succeeds in debunking the stereotypes tagged on Uganda's stand-up |url=https://pluggedaily.com/2022/10/31/africa-laughs-6-succeeds-in-debunking-the-stereotypes-tagged-on-ugandas-standup/ |access-date=3 November 2022 |website=Plugged}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Namutebi |first=Phiona |date=26 October 2022 |title=Africa Laughs comedy show is back at Kololo Airstrip |url=https://capitalradio.co.ug/entertainment/2022-10-26-africa-laughs-comedy-show-is-back-at-kololo-airstrip/ |access-date=3 November 2022 |website=Capital Radio}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 October 2022 |title=Africa Laughs returns with comedic masterpiece |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/africa-laughs-returns-with-comedic-masterpiece/ |access-date=3 November 2022 |website=The Independent Uganda}}</ref> Nga 23 Ogwekkumi 2024 yategeka olulaga lwe yekka ku National Theatre lwe yatuuma Son of Opio.<ref name=":14">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> [[File:Fun_Factory_Ladies.jpg|alt=|thumb|257x257px|Abakyala okuva mu [[:en:Fun_Factory_Uganda|Fun Factory]] nga baliko akatundu katemba gwebakola mu lulaga olwa mu Arise Woman]] == Sitayiro ye eya Katemba == Enkola ya Agnes ey'okuzanyira ku siteegi ya Katemba ow'okwetegereza, mwatunuulira embeera eyewuunyisa mu bulamu bw'omuntu. Era olumu akozesa embeera ey'okwenyooma. Yeewala eby'obufuzi. == Obulamu bwe obw'omunda == Agnes mwana wakutaano<ref name=":15">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> mu maka agalimu abalenzi babiri, Richard ne Emmanuel, ne bagandabe mukaaga,Cathy, Grace, Mary, Susan, Harriet, ne Doreen. Muzadde wa baana babiri, Noel ne Brianna, era alina enkolagana ne Brian Makalama. Mukatoliki era asabira mu Kkanisa eya Our Lady of Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baike |first=Prisca |title=Comedian Agnes Akite has Bone to Pick with Minister Lokodo |url=https://www.observer.ug/lifestyle/43766-comedian-agnes-akite-has-bone-to-pick-with-minister-lokodo |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120095434/https://www.observer.ug/lifestyle/43766-comedian-agnes-akite-has-bone-to-pick-with-minister-lokodo |archive-date=20 November 2018 |access-date=19 October 2018 |website=The Observer |location=Uganda}}</ref> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri, yalumbibwa naakubwa ababbi bwe yali ava e Najjeera ku lulaga ekiro era yalumizibwa n'ekiwudu ku mutwe wamu n'ebinuubule ku liiso.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mwesigwa |first=Solomon |date=14 November 2023 |title=Comedienne Agnes Akite attacked and robbed by thugs after a quiz night session |url=https://mbu.ug/2023/11/14/agnes-akite-comedienne-robbed/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=MBU}}</ref> == Obuyambi bw'abantu == Agnes y'omu ku batandisi era akulira ekitongole ekya Arise Woman Foundation,<ref name=":16">{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=28 October 2024 |title=Akite Agnes Marks 10 Years of Comedy in Grand Style – Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241028/akite-agnes-marks-10-years-of-comedy-in-grand-style/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Matooke Republic}}</ref> ekirwanirira n'okuzzaamu amaanyi n'essuubi abakazi n'abavubuka. [citation needed] Ensimbi eziva mu kibiina ekya Arise Women! Comedy Jam ziweebwa eri Home of Hope, Jinja. [citation needed] == Firimu ze == {| class="wikitable" |+Emirundi gy'alabise ng'azannya mu firimu ne ttivi !Omwaka !Ekitiibwa !Omulimu gwe !Olukalala !Ebyafaayo |- |2009-2012 |''The Hostel'' |Envubu |NTV Uganda, DStv Africa Magic Entertainment, ZUKU TV, ne NTV KENYA | |- |2016 |Girl from Mparo |Maama Brian |[[Uganda Broadcasting Corporation|UBC]], DStv Pearl Magic | |- |2018 kati |''Mizigo Express'' |Muganzi wa Sam |DStv- Pearl Magi | |} == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * Akite Agnes at IMDb [[Category:Bannakatemba]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1983]] [[Category:Bannayuganda bannakatemba abayimirira bokka ku sitegi ne basesa abantu]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abakazi abazannyi ba katemba]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abakazi abazannyi ba firimu]] [[Category:Abantu abava e Kampala]] [[Category:Abaasomerako ku Ssettendekero wa Makerere University]] [[Category:Bannayuganda Abakatoliki]] jmnikrffzn0lccdf9chmku6espucdul Syda Bbumba 0 10113 59309 59094 2026-07-06T13:35:53Z Lillylove256 10862 ntonzeewo ettuluba 59309 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bbumba Syda Namirembe.jpg|thumb|Bbumba Syda Namirembe.jpg ]]   '''Syda Namirembe Bbumba,''' nga erinya lye erissembayo batera okuliwandiika nga Bumba, yazaalibwa nga 7 Ogusooka 1952. Munayuganda omubalirizi w'ebitabo, munabyabufuzi ng'ate era akola mu baanka. Yakolako mu Kabineeti ya Uganda anga Minisita w'eby'amasanyalaze wami n'eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka okuva mu 2002 okutuuka mu 2006, Minisita w'ekikula ky'abantu, emirimu n'enkulakulana y'ebitundu okuva mu 2006 okutuuka mu 2008, Minisita w'eby'ensiimbi okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2011,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://visiongroup.co.ug/supplements/2020/01/29/why-uganda-ranks-highly-in-tax-administration/|title=Why Uganda ranks highly in tax administration &#124; supplements|first=Emma|last=Buufu}}</ref> wamu ne Minisita w'ekikula ky'abantu, emirimu wamu n'ekulakulana y'ebitundu neera okuva mu 2011 okutuuka mu 2012. Yeeyaliko omulonde nga Omubaka wa [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti]] okukiikirira esaza lya Nakaseke ery'omuBukiika ddyo, mu [[Nakaseke (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke]]. Yeeyali ssentebe w'akakiiko ka Paalamenti ku by'enfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okubeera ssentebe w'akakiiko akavunaanyizibwa ku by'akakiiko ka [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti]] akadukanya ensonga z'ekiyisiraamu ez'okutereka mu baaka. Yeeyali akiikirira amawanga agatali mu dduungu lya Afrika mu kakiiko ka OIC Women Advisory Panel.<ref name="Parliament2">{{cite web|accessdate=10 November 2016|date=October 2016|url=http://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=347|title=Parliament Of Uganda Members Of The 10th Parliament: Bbumba Namirembe Syda|location=Kampals|publisher=[[Parliament of Uganda]] (POU)|last=POU}}</ref> == Background and education == Syda Bbumba yasomera ku [[Trinity College Nabbingo|Trinity College Nabbingo,]] gyeyamalira eby'enjigiriza bye ebya wagulu.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nabbingo Savours 65-Year-Old Fruit|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1161144/nabbingo-savours-65-fruit|date=14 July 2007|accessdate=10 November 2016|first=Stephen|last=Ssenkaaba|newspaper=[[New Vision]]|location=Kampala}}</ref> Yagendako ne ku [[Makerere College School]], nga tanaba kuyingira yunivasite.<ref>{{cite web|title=Makerere College Alumni Introduce Award|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1281705/makerere-college-alumni-introduce-award|date=30 September 2010|accessdate=10 November 2016|last=Newvision Reporter|newspaper=[[New Vision]]|location=Kampala}}</ref> Alina Diguli by'enfuna, wamu ne diguli mu By'embalirira, nga yazifuna okuva ku Yunivasite y'e Makerere mu 1974. Yasomerako ne ku Yunivasite ya East Anglia esinganibwa mu bwakabaka bwa Bungereza, nga alina ne dipulooma mu bya bizineensi n'ensiimbi okuva mu yunivasite emu mu Buyonaani.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Freeman|first1=Sharon T.|title=Conversations with powerful African women leaders : inspiration, motivation, and strategy|date=2002|publisher=All American Small Business Exporters Association|location=Washington, DC|isbn=9780970346339|pages=24}}</ref> Diguli ye Ey'okubiri mu kudukanya Bizineensi yagifuna okuva ku Kampala International University mu 2006.<ref name="Parliament2" /> == Emirimu gye == Syda Bbumba yakolako nga omubalirizi w'ebitabo era akulira abawanika okumala emyaka 21 mu Uganda Development Bank, okuva mu 1974 okutuuka mu 1995. Yaliko ku kakiiko akavunaanyizibwa ku By'okulondesa mu Uganda mu 1996, nga nataba kulondebwa ku kya Mubaka wa Paalamenti ya Uganda eyali akiikirira esaza ly'e Nakaseke mu [[Nakaseke (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti ye Nakaseke]]. Ayongedde okukiikirira konsitituweensi eyo mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]]. Era yabaddamu okulondebwa mu kifo kino.<ref name="Parliament2" /> Okuva mu 2002 okutuuka mu 2006, yeeyali Minisita avunaanyizibwa ku By'amasanyala wamu n'eby'obugagga by'omuttaka. Okuva mu 2006 okutuuka mu 2008, yawerezaako nga Minisita ow'ekikula ky'abantu, emirimu wamu n'ensonga z'ebitundu. Bbumba awereza ku nsonga nyingi ezenyigiriza abantu mu bitundu gyebabeera, nga abantu abeeyongera okubeera abangi beebabiviriddeko, naye Pulezidenti [[Yoweri Museveni]] asigala akubiriza Banayuganda okusigala nga bazaala abaana.<ref>{{cite web |last=Musasizi |first=Simon |date=2 December 2009 |title=Rivers, Lakes Dry Up As Population Figures Soar |url=http://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6285%3Arivers-lakes-dry-up-as-population-figures-soar&catid=34%3Anews&Itemid=59 |accessdate=10 November 2016 |location=Kampala |newspaper=[[The Observer (Uganda)]]}}</ref> Okuva nga 18 Ogwokubiri mu 2009 okutuuka nga 27 Ogwokutaano mu 2011, yawerezaako nga Minisita avunaanyizibwa ku by'ensiimbi, nga ye mukyala eyasooka mu Uganda okubeera nga wereza mu kifo kino, mu byafaayo by'eggwanga.<ref>{{cite web |last=Vision Reporter |date=18 February 2009 |title=Reshuffle: Museveni Names Janet, Awori, Jeje Ministers |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1226523/reshuffle-museveni-names-janet-awori-jeje-ministers |accessdate=10 November 2016 |location=Kampala |newspaper=[[New Vision]]}}</ref> Yaddamu okuweebwa omulimu gw'okubeera Minisita avunaanyizibwa ku By'ekikula ky'abantu, emirimu wamu n'enkulakulana y'ebintu nga 27 Ogwokutaano mu 2011, nga adira [[Gabriel Opio]], eyali asuliddwa okuva mu Kabineeti.<ref>{{cite web |last=Mukasa |first=Henry |date=28 May 2011 |title=Museveni Names New Cabinet |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1010930/museveni-names-cabinet |accessdate=10 November 2016 |newspaper=[[New Vision]] |location=Kampala}}</ref> Yalekulira okuva mu kabineeti nga 16 Ogwokubiri mu 2012 nga bamulumiririza okubeera nga yali akozesebwa bubi ssente za gavumenti, wabula nga yaddamu n'afuna ekifo kye mu gavumenti.<ref>{{cite web |last=Sheila Naturinda |first=and Yasiin Mugerwa |date=17 February 2012 |title=Makubuya, Bbumba Resign From Cabinet |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/1329176/-/b0pd8uz/-/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814222922/https://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/1329176/-/b0pd8uz/-/ |archive-date=14 August 2014 |accessdate=11 February 2015 |newspaper=[[Daily Monitor]] |location=Kampala}}</ref> == Obuvunaanyizibwa obulala == Nga bamazze okumulonda nga Minisita wa Uganda ow'eby'enfuna, Syda Bbumba era yafuuka ssentebe w'akakiiko akadukanya East African Development Bank (EADB).<ref>{{cite web |last=Juuko |first=Sylvia |date=5 March 2009 |title=East African Development Bank Gets New Chief |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1225424/east-african-devt-bank-chief |accessdate=10 November 2016 |newspaper=[[New Vision]] |location=Kampala}}</ref> Era mu buvunaanyizibwa bwe nga Minisita w'eby'enfuna, yafuna obuyinza bw'okubeera nga y'akulira ekitongole kyab Gavumenti ekivunaanyizibwa okuterekera abakoze ba gavumenti ssente zaabwe, nga kino kirina akakwate ku gavumenti ng'era kyali wansi wa Minisitule y'ekukula ky'abantu, emirimu wamu n'enkulakulana z'ebitundu, nga kino yali yakakirekulira. Ekitongole kino kyagibwa okuva ku Minisitule evunaanyizibwa ku By'ekukula ky'abantu, nebakiteeka mu Minisitule evunaanyizibwa ku by'ensiimbi mu Gwekumi 2004.<ref>{{cite web |last=Odeu |first=Steven |date=21 October 2004 |title=NSSF Transfer Was Planned |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1094766/nssf-transfer-planned |accessdate=10 November 2016 |newspaper=[[New Vision]] |location=Kampala}}</ref> Mukukola enkyuka kyuka mu kabineeti nga 27 Ogwokutaano mu 201, Syda Bbumba yadizibwayo mu Minisitule evunaanyizibwa ku by'ekikula ky'abantu nga Minisita omugya. Yasikibwa [[Maria Kiwanuka]] nga yeeyadda mu kifo kye nga Minisita eyali avunaanyizibwa ku by'ensiimbi.<ref>{{cite web |last=Monitor Team |date=28 May 2011 |title=Full List of Ugandan Ministers Appointed by President Museveni |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/1170806/-/c0y8sbz/-/index.html |accessdate=11 February 2015 |location=Kampala |newspaper=[[Daily Monitor]]}}</ref> == Laba ne == * Kabineeti ya Uganda * [[Nakaseke (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke]] * [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipidiya == * [http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/20/672607 Abakyala abali mu Kabineeti ya Uganda okuva nga 25 Ogwokubiri mu 2009]  [[Category:Abantu abasomera ku Makerere College School]] [[Category:Abantu abasomera ku Trinity College Nabbingo]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ey'omunaana]] [[Category:Abababaka ba Paalamenti ey'omwenda]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu kibiina kya National Resistence Movement]] [[Category:Abantu abasibuka mu Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke]] l2l5vsgi2717tkg3el6wfbfepg4v9fi 59314 59309 2026-07-06T13:40:25Z Lillylove256 10862 ntonzeewo ettuluba 59314 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bbumba Syda Namirembe.jpg|thumb|Bbumba Syda Namirembe.jpg ]]   '''Syda Namirembe Bbumba,''' nga erinya lye erissembayo batera okuliwandiika nga Bumba, yazaalibwa nga 7 Ogusooka 1952. Munayuganda omubalirizi w'ebitabo, munabyabufuzi ng'ate era akola mu baanka. Yakolako mu Kabineeti ya Uganda anga Minisita w'eby'amasanyalaze wami n'eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka okuva mu 2002 okutuuka mu 2006, Minisita w'ekikula ky'abantu, emirimu n'enkulakulana y'ebitundu okuva mu 2006 okutuuka mu 2008, Minisita w'eby'ensiimbi okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2011,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://visiongroup.co.ug/supplements/2020/01/29/why-uganda-ranks-highly-in-tax-administration/|title=Why Uganda ranks highly in tax administration &#124; supplements|first=Emma|last=Buufu}}</ref> wamu ne Minisita w'ekikula ky'abantu, emirimu wamu n'ekulakulana y'ebitundu neera okuva mu 2011 okutuuka mu 2012. Yeeyaliko omulonde nga Omubaka wa [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti]] okukiikirira esaza lya Nakaseke ery'omuBukiika ddyo, mu [[Nakaseke (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke]]. Yeeyali ssentebe w'akakiiko ka Paalamenti ku by'enfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okubeera ssentebe w'akakiiko akavunaanyizibwa ku by'akakiiko ka [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti]] akadukanya ensonga z'ekiyisiraamu ez'okutereka mu baaka. Yeeyali akiikirira amawanga agatali mu dduungu lya Afrika mu kakiiko ka OIC Women Advisory Panel.<ref name="Parliament2">{{cite web|accessdate=10 November 2016|date=October 2016|url=http://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=347|title=Parliament Of Uganda Members Of The 10th Parliament: Bbumba Namirembe Syda|location=Kampals|publisher=[[Parliament of Uganda]] (POU)|last=POU}}</ref> == Background and education == Syda Bbumba yasomera ku [[Trinity College Nabbingo|Trinity College Nabbingo,]] gyeyamalira eby'enjigiriza bye ebya wagulu.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nabbingo Savours 65-Year-Old Fruit|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1161144/nabbingo-savours-65-fruit|date=14 July 2007|accessdate=10 November 2016|first=Stephen|last=Ssenkaaba|newspaper=[[New Vision]]|location=Kampala}}</ref> Yagendako ne ku [[Makerere College School]], nga tanaba kuyingira yunivasite.<ref>{{cite web|title=Makerere College Alumni Introduce Award|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1281705/makerere-college-alumni-introduce-award|date=30 September 2010|accessdate=10 November 2016|last=Newvision Reporter|newspaper=[[New Vision]]|location=Kampala}}</ref> Alina Diguli by'enfuna, wamu ne diguli mu By'embalirira, nga yazifuna okuva ku Yunivasite y'e Makerere mu 1974. Yasomerako ne ku Yunivasite ya East Anglia esinganibwa mu bwakabaka bwa Bungereza, nga alina ne dipulooma mu bya bizineensi n'ensiimbi okuva mu yunivasite emu mu Buyonaani.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Freeman|first1=Sharon T.|title=Conversations with powerful African women leaders : inspiration, motivation, and strategy|date=2002|publisher=All American Small Business Exporters Association|location=Washington, DC|isbn=9780970346339|pages=24}}</ref> Diguli ye Ey'okubiri mu kudukanya Bizineensi yagifuna okuva ku Kampala International University mu 2006.<ref name="Parliament2" /> == Emirimu gye == Syda Bbumba yakolako nga omubalirizi w'ebitabo era akulira abawanika okumala emyaka 21 mu Uganda Development Bank, okuva mu 1974 okutuuka mu 1995. Yaliko ku kakiiko akavunaanyizibwa ku By'okulondesa mu Uganda mu 1996, nga nataba kulondebwa ku kya Mubaka wa Paalamenti ya Uganda eyali akiikirira esaza ly'e Nakaseke mu [[Nakaseke (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti ye Nakaseke]]. Ayongedde okukiikirira konsitituweensi eyo mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]]. Era yabaddamu okulondebwa mu kifo kino.<ref name="Parliament2" /> Okuva mu 2002 okutuuka mu 2006, yeeyali Minisita avunaanyizibwa ku By'amasanyala wamu n'eby'obugagga by'omuttaka. Okuva mu 2006 okutuuka mu 2008, yawerezaako nga Minisita ow'ekikula ky'abantu, emirimu wamu n'ensonga z'ebitundu. Bbumba awereza ku nsonga nyingi ezenyigiriza abantu mu bitundu gyebabeera, nga abantu abeeyongera okubeera abangi beebabiviriddeko, naye Pulezidenti [[Yoweri Museveni]] asigala akubiriza Banayuganda okusigala nga bazaala abaana.<ref>{{cite web |last=Musasizi |first=Simon |date=2 December 2009 |title=Rivers, Lakes Dry Up As Population Figures Soar |url=http://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6285%3Arivers-lakes-dry-up-as-population-figures-soar&catid=34%3Anews&Itemid=59 |accessdate=10 November 2016 |location=Kampala |newspaper=[[The Observer (Uganda)]]}}</ref> Okuva nga 18 Ogwokubiri mu 2009 okutuuka nga 27 Ogwokutaano mu 2011, yawerezaako nga Minisita avunaanyizibwa ku by'ensiimbi, nga ye mukyala eyasooka mu Uganda okubeera nga wereza mu kifo kino, mu byafaayo by'eggwanga.<ref>{{cite web |last=Vision Reporter |date=18 February 2009 |title=Reshuffle: Museveni Names Janet, Awori, Jeje Ministers |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1226523/reshuffle-museveni-names-janet-awori-jeje-ministers |accessdate=10 November 2016 |location=Kampala |newspaper=[[New Vision]]}}</ref> Yaddamu okuweebwa omulimu gw'okubeera Minisita avunaanyizibwa ku By'ekikula ky'abantu, emirimu wamu n'enkulakulana y'ebintu nga 27 Ogwokutaano mu 2011, nga adira [[Gabriel Opio]], eyali asuliddwa okuva mu Kabineeti.<ref>{{cite web |last=Mukasa |first=Henry |date=28 May 2011 |title=Museveni Names New Cabinet |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1010930/museveni-names-cabinet |accessdate=10 November 2016 |newspaper=[[New Vision]] |location=Kampala}}</ref> Yalekulira okuva mu kabineeti nga 16 Ogwokubiri mu 2012 nga bamulumiririza okubeera nga yali akozesebwa bubi ssente za gavumenti, wabula nga yaddamu n'afuna ekifo kye mu gavumenti.<ref>{{cite web |last=Sheila Naturinda |first=and Yasiin Mugerwa |date=17 February 2012 |title=Makubuya, Bbumba Resign From Cabinet |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/1329176/-/b0pd8uz/-/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814222922/https://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/1329176/-/b0pd8uz/-/ |archive-date=14 August 2014 |accessdate=11 February 2015 |newspaper=[[Daily Monitor]] |location=Kampala}}</ref> == Obuvunaanyizibwa obulala == Nga bamazze okumulonda nga Minisita wa Uganda ow'eby'enfuna, Syda Bbumba era yafuuka ssentebe w'akakiiko akadukanya East African Development Bank (EADB).<ref>{{cite web |last=Juuko |first=Sylvia |date=5 March 2009 |title=East African Development Bank Gets New Chief |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1225424/east-african-devt-bank-chief |accessdate=10 November 2016 |newspaper=[[New Vision]] |location=Kampala}}</ref> Era mu buvunaanyizibwa bwe nga Minisita w'eby'enfuna, yafuna obuyinza bw'okubeera nga y'akulira ekitongole kyab Gavumenti ekivunaanyizibwa okuterekera abakoze ba gavumenti ssente zaabwe, nga kino kirina akakwate ku gavumenti ng'era kyali wansi wa Minisitule y'ekukula ky'abantu, emirimu wamu n'enkulakulana z'ebitundu, nga kino yali yakakirekulira. Ekitongole kino kyagibwa okuva ku Minisitule evunaanyizibwa ku By'ekukula ky'abantu, nebakiteeka mu Minisitule evunaanyizibwa ku by'ensiimbi mu Gwekumi 2004.<ref>{{cite web |last=Odeu |first=Steven |date=21 October 2004 |title=NSSF Transfer Was Planned |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1094766/nssf-transfer-planned |accessdate=10 November 2016 |newspaper=[[New Vision]] |location=Kampala}}</ref> Mukukola enkyuka kyuka mu kabineeti nga 27 Ogwokutaano mu 201, Syda Bbumba yadizibwayo mu Minisitule evunaanyizibwa ku by'ekikula ky'abantu nga Minisita omugya. Yasikibwa [[Maria Kiwanuka]] nga yeeyadda mu kifo kye nga Minisita eyali avunaanyizibwa ku by'ensiimbi.<ref>{{cite web |last=Monitor Team |date=28 May 2011 |title=Full List of Ugandan Ministers Appointed by President Museveni |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/1170806/-/c0y8sbz/-/index.html |accessdate=11 February 2015 |location=Kampala |newspaper=[[Daily Monitor]]}}</ref> == Laba ne == * Kabineeti ya Uganda * [[Nakaseke (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke]] * [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipidiya == * [http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/20/672607 Abakyala abali mu Kabineeti ya Uganda okuva nga 25 Ogwokubiri mu 2009]  [[Category:Abantu abasomera ku Makerere College School]] [[Category:Abantu abasomera ku Trinity College Nabbingo]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ey'omunaana]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu kibiina kya National Resistence Movement]] [[Category:Abantu abasibuka mu Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke]] iqapi1b0w2ccira568uwhmwztzx1kps Alice Nabatanzi 0 10511 59394 53591 2026-07-06T19:19:44Z Kisakye Jane 9195 nterezezaamu mu kiwandiiko 59394 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Alice Nora Nabatanzi''' (yazaalibwa mu 1988), [[Yuganda|Munnayuganda]] Munnassomabimera, munnonyereza era omusomi.<ref name=":0">https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/magazines/success/-she-earned-her-phd-at-just-28--2652636</ref> Mu 2023, yawangula engule y'omutandisi asinga bwe yawandika akatabo ku nsengekera n'enogoosa y'amazzi empangaazzi. Nabatanzi era yemutandisi w'ekitongole kya Natural Products Industry Advancement Network Africa (NAPIANA).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://plantscience.mak.ac.ug/Alice-Nabatanzi |access-date=2024-04-02 |archive-date=2024-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240310151349/https://plantscience.mak.ac.ug/Alice-Nabatanzi |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu 2022, Nabatanzi, eyali lecturer mu tendekero lya Sayansi w'Ensibo, nawangula<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.pulse.ug/news/makerere-lecturer-wins-prestigious-shs200million-award/34n22e6 |access-date=2024-04-02 |archive-date=2024-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240310150035/https://www.pulse.ug/news/makerere-lecturer-wins-prestigious-shs200million-award/34n22e6 |url-status=dead }}</ref> the prestigious Organization for Women in Science for the Developing World (OWSD) eky'omuwendo gw'ensimbi za US$50,000.<ref name=":1" /> Yawangula n'engule endala ezenjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://owsd.net/member/nabatanzi-alice |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-04-02 |archive-date=2024-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240310152054/https://owsd.net/member/nabatanzi-alice |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Correspondent">https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2018/12/south-african-top-university-awards-up-makerere-don-early-career-research-leader-fellowship.html</ref> Mu by'emisomo, Nabatanzi awereza nga lecturer mu nsoma yenkwatagana y'abantu n'eneyisa n'emisago jy'ebimera (ethnobotany) ku [[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|Yunivasitte ye Makerere]], Yunivasitte ya Gavumenti ye Uganda esinga obunene n'obukulu.<ref name=":3">https://scholar.google.co.za/citations?user=QTXvxvAAAAAJ&hl=en</ref> Yatandika okukola mu kifo kyalimu kati. nga yakamaliriza okutikibwa ne her PhD, mu mwaka gwa 2016 ku mwaka abiri mu munaana (28). == Ebimukwatako == === Obulamu obwasooka === Mu kubuuzibwa mu mwaka gwa 2018, yazaalibwa mu ntandikwa yo mwaka gwa 1988 eri Fred Ssempala eyali "omubazi w'ebitabo ey'ekozesa", ne Annet Florence Ssempala, omukyala asiiba ewaka era omunnabyanfuna. Ye mwana ow'okubiri mu Famire y'abaana battaano omuli abawala babiri n'abalenzi basattu.<ref name=":2">https://sig.ias.edu/rise/scientists/alice-nabatanzi.html</ref> === Emisomo === Nabatanzi yatikirwa okuva ku [[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|Yunivasitte ye Makerere]] mu 2011. Alina Diguli mu Sayansi mu [[:en:Ethnobotany|Nkwatagana wakati w'abantu n'eneyisa ,emigaso n'embeera z'ebimera]] (Ethnobotany).<ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/full-woman/nabatanzi-earned-her-doctorate-at-28--1773782</ref> Yafuna diguli mu Bukugu bwa Sayansi ne mu [[:en:Natural_product|Tekinoloogiya w'ebintu ebikolebwa mu bimera n'olujegere lw'emigaso]] (Natural Products Technology and Value Chains) mu 2011 ne diguli ya [[:en:Doctor_of_Philosophy|Doctor of Philosophy]] diguli mu nsomabuziba obujibwa mu bimera (Phytochemistry) n'endagakintu ezigyibwa mu bimera nga bilina omugasso mu by'obulamu (Nutraceuticals), byona ku Yunivasitte y'eMakerere.<ref name="Correspondent"/> Mu 2018, Yasiimibwa ne three-year post-doctoral fellowship eyamuweebwa [[:en:University_of_Pretoria|Yunivasitee ye Pretoria]] mu South Africa, ne saawa z'okunyonyereza zigabanyiziddwa wakati wa Yunivasitte ye Makerere University ne Yunivasitte ye Pretoria.<ref name=":4">https://news.mak.ac.ug/2018/12/dr-alice-nabatanzi-awarded-up-early-career-research-leader-fellowship/</ref> Emisomo gino jy'asasulibwa ne Carnegie Corporation of New York, wansi wa ''Regional Initiative in Science and Education'' (RISE), eyaliwo okuva 2008–2017, in the ''African Natural Products Network section'' (Rise-Afnet).<ref name=":4" /> == Emisomo == Mu luwumula wakati nga amaliriza Siniya n'okuingila mu Yunivasitte (luwumula lwa siniya y'omukaaga), yaweebwa omulimu ku ttendekero lya ''Makerere University College of Engineering, Design, Art and Technology'', mu puloojekitti yabwe eya "Makapads project".<ref name=":3"/> == Ebirala eby'okumanya == Nambatya asomesa [[Ebyobuziba|essomabuziba]] (Chemistry) ku [[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|ttendekolo lya Sayansi ow'obutonde]] n'essomamalagala ku [[:en:Makerere_University_College_of_Health_Sciences|Ttendekero lya Sayansi w'ebyobulamu]], byombi ku Yunivasitte ye Makerere, [[:en:Public_university|Yunivasitte ya Gavumenti]] mu Uganda esinga obukulu n'obunene.<ref name=":3" /> Atuula ku boodi y'ekitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku by'amadaggala ekya [[:en:National_Drug_Authority|National Drug Authority]], okuva mu 2008. Ye sentebe wa Public Private Partnership for Health (PPPH) Working Group. Mmemba wa ttiimu enzirukannyi ey'okuntikko mu[[:en:Ministry_of_Health_(Uganda)|Minisitule ya Uganda ey'ebyobulamu]], adamu eri Ssabawandiisi.<ref>https://sig.ias.edu/rise/scientists/alice-nabatanzi.html</ref> == Laba ne == * [[:en:Patrick_Ogwang|Patrick Ogwang]] * [[Grace Nambatya Kyeyune|Grace Nambatya]] * [[:en:Maud_Kamatenesi_Mugisha|Maud Kamatenesi Mugisha]] * [[:en:Nancy_Karigithu|Nancy Karigithu]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa w'abweru wa Wikipediya == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20221206171032/https://www.futureafrica.science/index.php/profile/alice-nabatanzi/ Alice Nabatanzi PhD, Work & Research] As of 2021 48hyhoqeci0svubzssxt93ouiz1g31w Agather Atuhaire 0 10513 59451 48475 2026-07-07T11:45:24Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Nterezezza empandiika 59451 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''Agather Atuhaire''' (yazaalibwa c.1988) [[Yuganda|Munnayuganda]] nga munnamateeka, omulwanirizi w'eddembe ly'obuntu era munnamawulire ow'obwanakyewa. Yayayatuukiriza enguzi n'efuggabbi ebyamuleeta okumanyibwa Ambassador wa EU ne US Secretary of State. == Obulamu == Atuhaire yazaalibwa mu [[Sheema (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti Ye Sheema]] nga mu mwaka gwa 1988. Obutto bwe bw'ali buzibbu nyo engeri taata we jy'eyasasanya sente enyingi ku mwenge. Yamaliriza Siniya nga tafunye kuwererwa (scholarship) mu somero lya Alliance School Mbarara. Obutaba na sente ky'ategeeza nti teyalina busobosobozi kutuukiliza kirooto kye eky'okusoma eby'amateeka era n'asoma mu eby'amawulire ku[[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|Yunivasitte ye Makerere]].<ref name="dd">{{Cite web |url=https://defenddefenders.org/human-rights-defender-of-the-month-agather-atuhaire/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-04-03 |archive-date=2024-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240310205116/https://defenddefenders.org/human-rights-defender-of-the-month-agather-atuhaire/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu Gwomukaaga 2022 ba DefendDefenders bamufuula omulwani w'eddembe ly'obuntu ow'omwezzi.<ref name="dd"/> [[File:Awardees,_Jill_Biden,_Secretary_Blinken_with_KEY_IWOC_2024_(53567876276).jpg|left|thumb|Awardees: (Back row) [[:en:Ajna_Jusić|Ajna Jusić]], [[:en:Rina_Gonoi|Rina Gonoi]], [[:en:Fatou_Baldeh|Fatou Baldeh]], [[:en:Rabha_El_Haymar|Rabha El Haymar]], [[:en:Benafsha_Yaqoobi|Benafsha Yaqoobi]], [[:en:Fawzia_Karim_Firoze|Fawzia Karim Firoze]], [[:en:Volha_Harbunova|Volha Harbunova]] and Atuhaire. Front row to left: [[Fariba Balouch]], [[Fátima Corozo]], [[:en:Benafsha_Yaqoobi|Benafsha Yaqoobi]]]] Mu mwaka gwa 2023 yaweeba engule y'omulwanirizi w'eddembe ly'obuntu ow'omwaka gwa 2022 okuva Ambassador wa EU eri Uganda, Jan Sadek. Saduk yanyonyola emirimu gye ne ttendekero ly'amateeka Law Development Center eyo jy'eyazuulira nti abayizi bagwila ddala ebigezo era nga tewaliyo n'akunulibwa oba n'okunoonyereza. Yalina obutakwatagana ne bana ny'abufuzzi nga [[Anita Among]] ne [[:en:Mathias_Mpuuga|Mathias Mpuuga]] n'ekitongole kya suwegi (local sewerage company).<ref name="indug">https://www.independent.co.ug/agather-atuhaire-bags-eus-human-rights-defenders-award/</ref> Atuhaire yategeeza nti Among n'omumyuuka we bombi baali baguze emottoka ez'ebeeyi nga bakoseza sente za Gavumenti.<ref name="pearl">{{Cite web |url=https://pearltimes.co.ug/big-win-speaker-anita-amongs-fearless-tormentor-wins-prestigious-eu-award-see-details/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-04-03 |archive-date=2024-05-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522121535/https://pearltimes.co.ug/big-win-speaker-anita-amongs-fearless-tormentor-wins-prestigious-eu-award-see-details/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Emottoka zali tezeetagisa kubanga bombi balina emottoka z'okwejyalabya. Okusaba okugula emottoka zino bwe kw'asazibwaamu bateekawo abantu abalala abawulize. Okwatuukiriza kw'obuli bwenguzi bunno okw'akolebwa Atuhaire kw'amuletera okuyitibwa anyonyele. Yatisibwatisibwa abaali bamuloopye lwe bakizuula nti yali tasobola kusibibwa kubanga buli kye yali akoze kyali mu mateeka. Mu Gwokusatu 2024 yali mu Washington eyo jy'eyasimibwa nga [[:en:International_Woman_of_Courage|Omukyala mu Mawanga gonna asinga Obuvumu]] eky'akolebwa Dipaatimenti ya US State. U.S. Secretary of State [[:en:Antony_Blinken|Antony Blinken]] ne mukyala wa Pulezidenti [[:en:Jill_Biden|Jill Biden]] yafuna engule eno nga 4 Ogwokusattu 2024.<ref name="alla">https://allafrica.com/stories/202403060048.html</ref> Nga emikolo gya IWOC abawanguzi b'engulu bayitibwa okw'etabba mu [[:en:United_States_Department_of_State|State department]]'s ''International Visitor Leadership Program'' eyo jy'ebesisinkanira n'abo abaagala emirimu gy'abwe.<ref name="announced">https://www.state.gov/2024-international-women-of-courage-award-recipients-announced/</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} ks89vkex2tlwmlb016m530opjuz76ez 59452 59451 2026-07-07T11:46:31Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Nterezeza omutwe 59452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''Agather Atuhaire''' (yazaalibwa c.1988) [[Yuganda|Munnayuganda]] nga munnamateeka, omulwanirizi w'eddembe ly'obuntu era munnamawulire ow'obwanakyewa. Yayayatuukiriza enguzi n'efuggabbi ebyamuleeta okumanyibwa Ambassador wa EU ne US Secretary of State. == Obuto bwe n'okusoma == Atuhaire yazaalibwa mu [[Sheema (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti Ye Sheema]] nga mu mwaka gwa 1988. Obutto bwe bw'ali buzibbu nyo engeri taata we jy'eyasasanya sente enyingi ku mwenge. Yamaliriza Siniya nga tafunye kuwererwa (scholarship) mu somero lya Alliance School Mbarara. Obutaba na sente ky'ategeeza nti teyalina busobosobozi kutuukiliza kirooto kye eky'okusoma eby'amateeka era n'asoma mu eby'amawulire ku[[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|Yunivasitte ye Makerere]].<ref name="dd">{{Cite web |url=https://defenddefenders.org/human-rights-defender-of-the-month-agather-atuhaire/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-04-03 |archive-date=2024-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240310205116/https://defenddefenders.org/human-rights-defender-of-the-month-agather-atuhaire/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu Gwomukaaga 2022 ba DefendDefenders bamufuula omulwani w'eddembe ly'obuntu ow'omwezzi.<ref name="dd"/> [[File:Awardees,_Jill_Biden,_Secretary_Blinken_with_KEY_IWOC_2024_(53567876276).jpg|left|thumb|Awardees: (Back row) [[:en:Ajna_Jusić|Ajna Jusić]], [[:en:Rina_Gonoi|Rina Gonoi]], [[:en:Fatou_Baldeh|Fatou Baldeh]], [[:en:Rabha_El_Haymar|Rabha El Haymar]], [[:en:Benafsha_Yaqoobi|Benafsha Yaqoobi]], [[:en:Fawzia_Karim_Firoze|Fawzia Karim Firoze]], [[:en:Volha_Harbunova|Volha Harbunova]] and Atuhaire. Front row to left: [[Fariba Balouch]], [[Fátima Corozo]], [[:en:Benafsha_Yaqoobi|Benafsha Yaqoobi]]]] Mu mwaka gwa 2023 yaweeba engule y'omulwanirizi w'eddembe ly'obuntu ow'omwaka gwa 2022 okuva Ambassador wa EU eri Uganda, Jan Sadek. Saduk yanyonyola emirimu gye ne ttendekero ly'amateeka Law Development Center eyo jy'eyazuulira nti abayizi bagwila ddala ebigezo era nga tewaliyo n'akunulibwa oba n'okunoonyereza. Yalina obutakwatagana ne bana ny'abufuzzi nga [[Anita Among]] ne [[:en:Mathias_Mpuuga|Mathias Mpuuga]] n'ekitongole kya suwegi (local sewerage company).<ref name="indug">https://www.independent.co.ug/agather-atuhaire-bags-eus-human-rights-defenders-award/</ref> Atuhaire yategeeza nti Among n'omumyuuka we bombi baali baguze emottoka ez'ebeeyi nga bakoseza sente za Gavumenti.<ref name="pearl">{{Cite web |url=https://pearltimes.co.ug/big-win-speaker-anita-amongs-fearless-tormentor-wins-prestigious-eu-award-see-details/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-04-03 |archive-date=2024-05-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522121535/https://pearltimes.co.ug/big-win-speaker-anita-amongs-fearless-tormentor-wins-prestigious-eu-award-see-details/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Emottoka zali tezeetagisa kubanga bombi balina emottoka z'okwejyalabya. Okusaba okugula emottoka zino bwe kw'asazibwaamu bateekawo abantu abalala abawulize. Okwatuukiriza kw'obuli bwenguzi bunno okw'akolebwa Atuhaire kw'amuletera okuyitibwa anyonyele. Yatisibwatisibwa abaali bamuloopye lwe bakizuula nti yali tasobola kusibibwa kubanga buli kye yali akoze kyali mu mateeka. Mu Gwokusatu 2024 yali mu Washington eyo jy'eyasimibwa nga [[:en:International_Woman_of_Courage|Omukyala mu Mawanga gonna asinga Obuvumu]] eky'akolebwa Dipaatimenti ya US State. U.S. Secretary of State [[:en:Antony_Blinken|Antony Blinken]] ne mukyala wa Pulezidenti [[:en:Jill_Biden|Jill Biden]] yafuna engule eno nga 4 Ogwokusattu 2024.<ref name="alla">https://allafrica.com/stories/202403060048.html</ref> Nga emikolo gya IWOC abawanguzi b'engulu bayitibwa okw'etabba mu [[:en:United_States_Department_of_State|State department]]'s ''International Visitor Leadership Program'' eyo jy'ebesisinkanira n'abo abaagala emirimu gy'abwe.<ref name="announced">https://www.state.gov/2024-international-women-of-courage-award-recipients-announced/</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} m6et2kglgpfvndc5cnzji1o5qgothc1 59453 59452 2026-07-07T11:50:45Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Nterezezza empandiika 59453 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''Agather Atuhaire''' (yazaalibwa c.1988) [[Yuganda|Munnayuganda]] nga munnamateeka, omulwanirizi w'eddembe ly'obuntu era munnamawulire ow'obwanakyewa. Yayayatuukiriza enguzi n'efuggabbi ebyamuleeta okumanyibwa Ambassador wa EU ne US Secretary of State. == Obuto bwe n'okusoma == Atuhaire yazaalibwa mu [[Sheema (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti Ye Sheema]] nga mu 1988. Yamaliriza Siniya ng'afunye sikaala ku ssomero lya Alliance School Mbarara. Obutaba na sente ky'ategeeza nti teyalina busobozi kutuukiriza kirooto kye eky'okusoma amateeka olwo n'asomamu eby'amawulire ku Yunivasite y'e [[Makerere University, Uganda|Makerere]].<ref name="dd">{{Cite web |url=https://defenddefenders.org/human-rights-defender-of-the-month-agather-atuhaire/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-04-03 |archive-date=2024-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240310205116/https://defenddefenders.org/human-rights-defender-of-the-month-agather-atuhaire/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu Gwomukaaga 2022 ba DefendDefenders bamufuula omulwani w'eddembe ly'obuntu ow'omwezzi.<ref name="dd"/> [[File:Awardees,_Jill_Biden,_Secretary_Blinken_with_KEY_IWOC_2024_(53567876276).jpg|left|thumb|Awardees: (Back row) [[:en:Ajna_Jusić|Ajna Jusić]], [[:en:Rina_Gonoi|Rina Gonoi]], [[:en:Fatou_Baldeh|Fatou Baldeh]], [[:en:Rabha_El_Haymar|Rabha El Haymar]], [[:en:Benafsha_Yaqoobi|Benafsha Yaqoobi]], [[:en:Fawzia_Karim_Firoze|Fawzia Karim Firoze]], [[:en:Volha_Harbunova|Volha Harbunova]] and Atuhaire. Front row to left: [[Fariba Balouch]], [[Fátima Corozo]], [[:en:Benafsha_Yaqoobi|Benafsha Yaqoobi]]]] Mu mwaka gwa 2023 yaweeba engule y'omulwanirizi w'eddembe ly'obuntu ow'omwaka gwa 2022 okuva Ambassador wa EU eri Uganda, Jan Sadek. Saduk yanyonyola emirimu gye ne ttendekero ly'amateeka Law Development Center eyo jy'eyazuulira nti abayizi bagwila ddala ebigezo era nga tewaliyo n'akunulibwa oba n'okunoonyereza. Yalina obutakwatagana ne bana ny'abufuzzi nga [[Anita Among]] ne [[:en:Mathias_Mpuuga|Mathias Mpuuga]] n'ekitongole kya suwegi (local sewerage company).<ref name="indug">https://www.independent.co.ug/agather-atuhaire-bags-eus-human-rights-defenders-award/</ref> Atuhaire yategeeza nti Among n'omumyuuka we bombi baali baguze emottoka ez'ebeeyi nga bakoseza sente za Gavumenti.<ref name="pearl">{{Cite web |url=https://pearltimes.co.ug/big-win-speaker-anita-amongs-fearless-tormentor-wins-prestigious-eu-award-see-details/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-04-03 |archive-date=2024-05-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522121535/https://pearltimes.co.ug/big-win-speaker-anita-amongs-fearless-tormentor-wins-prestigious-eu-award-see-details/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Emottoka zali tezeetagisa kubanga bombi balina emottoka z'okwejyalabya. Okusaba okugula emottoka zino bwe kw'asazibwaamu bateekawo abantu abalala abawulize. Okwatuukiriza kw'obuli bwenguzi bunno okw'akolebwa Atuhaire kw'amuletera okuyitibwa anyonyele. Yatisibwatisibwa abaali bamuloopye lwe bakizuula nti yali tasobola kusibibwa kubanga buli kye yali akoze kyali mu mateeka. Mu Gwokusatu 2024 yali mu Washington eyo jy'eyasimibwa nga [[:en:International_Woman_of_Courage|Omukyala mu Mawanga gonna asinga Obuvumu]] eky'akolebwa Dipaatimenti ya US State. U.S. Secretary of State [[:en:Antony_Blinken|Antony Blinken]] ne mukyala wa Pulezidenti [[:en:Jill_Biden|Jill Biden]] yafuna engule eno nga 4 Ogwokusattu 2024.<ref name="alla">https://allafrica.com/stories/202403060048.html</ref> Nga emikolo gya IWOC abawanguzi b'engulu bayitibwa okw'etabba mu [[:en:United_States_Department_of_State|State department]]'s ''International Visitor Leadership Program'' eyo jy'ebesisinkanira n'abo abaagala emirimu gy'abwe.<ref name="announced">https://www.state.gov/2024-international-women-of-courage-award-recipients-announced/</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} owr8yuo0vhgml29o8b3qm2lordrdvyh 59454 59453 2026-07-07T11:51:50Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Ntaddemu omutwe 59454 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''Agather Atuhaire''' (yazaalibwa c.1988) [[Yuganda|Munnayuganda]] nga munnamateeka, omulwanirizi w'eddembe ly'obuntu era munnamawulire ow'obwanakyewa. Yayayatuukiriza enguzi n'efuggabbi ebyamuleeta okumanyibwa Ambassador wa EU ne US Secretary of State. == Obuto bwe n'okusoma == Atuhaire yazaalibwa mu [[Sheema (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti Ye Sheema]] nga mu 1988. Yamaliriza Siniya ng'afunye sikaala ku ssomero lya Alliance School Mbarara. Obutaba na sente ky'ategeeza nti teyalina busobozi kutuukiriza kirooto kye eky'okusoma amateeka olwo n'asomamu eby'amawulire ku Yunivasite y'e [[Makerere University, Uganda|Makerere]].<ref name="dd">{{Cite web |url=https://defenddefenders.org/human-rights-defender-of-the-month-agather-atuhaire/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-04-03 |archive-date=2024-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240310205116/https://defenddefenders.org/human-rights-defender-of-the-month-agather-atuhaire/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Mu Gwomukaaga 2022 ba DefendDefenders bamufuula omulwani w'eddembe ly'obuntu ow'omwezzi.<ref name="dd"/> [[File:Awardees,_Jill_Biden,_Secretary_Blinken_with_KEY_IWOC_2024_(53567876276).jpg|left|thumb|Awardees: (Back row) [[:en:Ajna_Jusić|Ajna Jusić]], [[:en:Rina_Gonoi|Rina Gonoi]], [[:en:Fatou_Baldeh|Fatou Baldeh]], [[:en:Rabha_El_Haymar|Rabha El Haymar]], [[:en:Benafsha_Yaqoobi|Benafsha Yaqoobi]], [[:en:Fawzia_Karim_Firoze|Fawzia Karim Firoze]], [[:en:Volha_Harbunova|Volha Harbunova]] and Atuhaire. Front row to left: [[Fariba Balouch]], [[Fátima Corozo]], [[:en:Benafsha_Yaqoobi|Benafsha Yaqoobi]]]] Mu mwaka gwa 2023 yaweeba engule y'omulwanirizi w'eddembe ly'obuntu ow'omwaka gwa 2022 okuva Ambassador wa EU eri Uganda, Jan Sadek. Saduk yanyonyola emirimu gye ne ttendekero ly'amateeka Law Development Center eyo jy'eyazuulira nti abayizi bagwila ddala ebigezo era nga tewaliyo n'akunulibwa oba n'okunoonyereza. Yalina obutakwatagana ne bana ny'abufuzzi nga [[Anita Among]] ne [[:en:Mathias_Mpuuga|Mathias Mpuuga]] n'ekitongole kya suwegi (local sewerage company).<ref name="indug">https://www.independent.co.ug/agather-atuhaire-bags-eus-human-rights-defenders-award/</ref> Atuhaire yategeeza nti Among n'omumyuuka we bombi baali baguze emottoka ez'ebeeyi nga bakoseza sente za Gavumenti.<ref name="pearl">{{Cite web |url=https://pearltimes.co.ug/big-win-speaker-anita-amongs-fearless-tormentor-wins-prestigious-eu-award-see-details/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-04-03 |archive-date=2024-05-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522121535/https://pearltimes.co.ug/big-win-speaker-anita-amongs-fearless-tormentor-wins-prestigious-eu-award-see-details/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Emottoka zali tezeetagisa kubanga bombi balina emottoka z'okwejyalabya. Okusaba okugula emottoka zino bwe kw'asazibwaamu bateekawo abantu abalala abawulize. Okwatuukiriza kw'obuli bwenguzi bunno okw'akolebwa Atuhaire kw'amuletera okuyitibwa anyonyele. Yatisibwatisibwa abaali bamuloopye lwe bakizuula nti yali tasobola kusibibwa kubanga buli kye yali akoze kyali mu mateeka. Mu Gwokusatu 2024 yali mu Washington eyo jy'eyasimibwa nga [[:en:International_Woman_of_Courage|Omukyala mu Mawanga gonna asinga Obuvumu]] eky'akolebwa Dipaatimenti ya US State. U.S. Secretary of State [[:en:Antony_Blinken|Antony Blinken]] ne mukyala wa Pulezidenti [[:en:Jill_Biden|Jill Biden]] yafuna engule eno nga 4 Ogwokusattu 2024.<ref name="alla">https://allafrica.com/stories/202403060048.html</ref> Nga emikolo gya IWOC abawanguzi b'engulu bayitibwa okw'etabba mu [[:en:United_States_Department_of_State|State department]]'s ''International Visitor Leadership Program'' eyo jy'ebesisinkanira n'abo abaagala emirimu gy'abwe.<ref name="announced">https://www.state.gov/2024-international-women-of-courage-award-recipients-announced/</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} obqmaj4df3ao3o64b1hytmzah27uhxy Achia Remegio 0 10532 59423 47925 2026-07-07T07:43:38Z Ssemmanda will 3837 Okukoppa okuva mu [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] okudda mu [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi Bannayuganda]] nga nkozesa [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 59423 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Achia Remegio''' yazaalibwa nga 27 Ogwekkumineebiri 1970, munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi, omukugu mu by'enfuna n'eby'embalirira.<ref name=":0">https://flashugnews.com/remigio-achia-biography-age-education-family-and-wife/</ref> Abadde [[:en:Member_of_parliament|Omubaka wa Palamenti]] ng'ali wansi w'ekibiina kya [[:en:National_Resistance_Movement|National Resistance Movement]] ng'akiikirira essaza lya Pian, mu Disitulikiti y'e Nakapiripirit okuva mu 2006, okutuuka nakati.<ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/tag/remigio-achia/</ref><ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/mps-demand-disbandment-of-karamoja-affairs-ministry/</ref><ref>https://nilepost.co.ug/index.php/Karamoja%20Development%20Agency/189530/mps-ask-govt-to-retain-karamoja-devt-agency-in-ongoing-rationalization-process</ref> == Obulamu bwe n'okusoma kwe == Yazaalibwa mu [[:en:Nakapiripirit_District|Disitulikiti y'e Nakapiripirit]] esangibwa mu [[:en:Northern_Region,_Uganda|Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Uganda.<ref name=":0" /> Musajja mufumbo eyawasa omulamuzi [[:en:Jane_Frances_Abodo|Jane Frances Abodo]] akulira abasalawo ekirina okukolebwa eky'enkomeredde eri omuzzi w'emisango singa gubeera gumusse muvvi.<ref name=":0" /> Yasomera ku St. Mary's Seminary Nadiket, erisangibwa e [[:en:Moroto_Town|Moroto]] mu Uganda gyeyamalira emisomo gye egya siniya. Wakati wa 1986 ne 1990, yeegatta ku [[:en:Makerere_University|Yunivasite y'e Makerere]] n'atikkirwa ne Diguli mu by'embalirira wamu n'eby'enfuna.<ref name=":0" /> == Emirimu gye == Yaweerezaako nga eyeebuzibwaako ku by'ekikugu mu [[:en:Food_and_Agriculture_Organization|Kitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku by'emere n'eby'obulimi]] eky[[:en:United_Nations|'Amawanga Amagatte]] wakati w'Ogwekkuminoogumu 1999 n'Ogwokutaano 2005.<ref name=":0" /> Okuva mu Gwokutaano 2011 okutuusa kati, abadde aweereza ng'Omumyuka wa ssentebe w'akakiiko akavunaanyizibwa ku by'embalirira mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]].<ref name=":0" /> Okuva mu Gwokuna 2006 okutuusa kati, abadde mubaka wa Palamenti ya Uganda n'emirimu gamba nga okwekkanya ebikozesebwa n'okubisaasaanya, okwekkanya embalirira, n'okussa mu nkola embalirira egenderera ebiruubirirwa.<ref name=":0" /> Yeeyali Omumyuka wa ssentebe ku kakiiko akavunaanyizibwa ku by'embalirira by'Eggwanga wakati w'Ogwokutaano 2006 okutuuka Ogwomusanvu 2009.<ref name=":0" /> Remigio Achia ensangi zino ye ssentebe w'akakiiko akeegattibwamu ababaka ba Palamenti okuva mu bitundu bye Karamoja.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">https://www.independent.co.ug/karamoja-mps-accuse-updf-of-looting-livestock-killing-civilians/</ref> Yavumirira nnyo amagye g'eggwanga aga UPDF olw'okuyisa ekitundu kyonna nga ekimenyi ky'amateeka ekyavirako okufiirwa abatuuze 3,000, wamu n'enkumi z'abaana abaawalirizibwa okugenda kunguudo z'ebibuga.<ref name=":1" /> == Obukuubagano == Mu Gwokutaano 2013, yakwatibwa olw'okuvuga ng'atamidde.<ref name=":0" /> Yawalanyizibwa olw'okusalinkiriza gyebaliira emere e Wandegeya, wadde nga ku ggeeti kwali kuliko ekiwandiiko.<ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1169879/achia-harassed-trespass</ref> == Laba ne == * [[:en:List_of_members_of_the_eleventh_Parliament_of_Uganda|Olukalala lwa babaka ba Palamenti ya Uganda ey'Ekkumineemu]] * [[:en:Jane_Frances_Abodo|Jane Frances Abodo]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == * [https://www.parliament.go.ug/ Ku mikutu gya yintaneeti eya Paalamenti ya Uganda] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi Bannayuganda]] dtu6uu97hzo0h3cn85a4kp70nkug4r4 Ajok Lucy 0 10533 59429 59069 2026-07-07T07:43:40Z Ssemmanda will 3837 Okukoppa okuva mu [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] okudda mu [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi Bannayuganda]] nga nkozesa [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 59429 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ajok Lucky''' (yazaalibwa nga 3 Ogwoluberyeberye 1962), nga [[Munnayuganda]] munnabyabufuzi akiikirira ekitundu kya Munisipaali ya [[Apac]] ng'omukyala omubaka mu Paalamenti ya Uganda<ref>administrator (2018-07-31). [https://www.ec.or.ug/election/directly-elected-member-parliament-apac-municipality-apac-district "Directly Elected Member of Parliament, Apac Municipality, Apac District"]. ''Electoral Commission''. Retrieved 2024-04-02</ref>ey'omwenda wansi w'ekibiina kya [[Uganda People's Congress|Uganda Peoples Congress]] (UPC).<ref name="monitor">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/ex-minister-obote-s-son-join-race-for-apac-municipality-seat-1761654 "Ex-minister, Obote's son join race for Apac Municipality seat"]. ''Monitor''. 2021-01-12. Retrieved 2024-04-02.</ref><ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/3-5m-children-living-in-abject-poverty-report-1574520 "3.5m children living in abject poverty - report"]. ''Monitor''. 2021-01-20. Retrieved 2024-04-02.</ref><ref>[https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/undefined "Corridors of power"]. ''New Vision''. Retrieved 2024-04-02.</ref> == Okusoma kwe == Lucy yasomera ku St. Catherine High School mu Disitulikiti y'e Lira. == Emirimu gye == Nga tanneegatta ku byabufuzi mu 2011, yakola n'ekitongole ky'obwannakyewa ekiyitibwa Move On Referral era yakolako mu kitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku by'amayumba.<ref name="monitor" />Mu 2016, yawangulwa [[Betty Awori Engola]] ku kifo kya [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] ey'ekkumi.<ref name="monitor" /> Mu 2015, yawangulwa Kenny Auma Lapat mu kamyufu ka UPC, naawaba mu kakiiko ka UPC ak'ebyokulonda ng'agamba akalulu kaalimu ebirumira naddala mu kaseera k'okulonda.<ref>Ronald, Andrew, Odongo, Omadi (9 October 2015). [https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/apac-woman-mp-loses-upc-primaries "Apac Woman MP Loses UPC Primaries"]. ''Uganda Radio Network''. p.&nbsp;1. Retrieved 2024-04-02.</ref> Yaweereza ku kakiiko ka Paalamenti akavunaanyizibwa ku by'obusuubuzi, obulambuzi, okusiga ensimbi wamu n'amakolero.<ref>[https://dam.media.un.org/asset-management/2AM9LO4YXG90?FR_=1&W=1280&H=585 "United Nations Photo - President of the sixty-ninth session of the General Assembly meets with a parliamentary delegation from Uganda"]. ''dam.media.un.org''. Retrieved 2024-04-02.</ref> == Laba ne bino == * Olukalala lw'ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'omwenda * [[Betty Awori Engola]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == * [https://www.parliament.go.ug/ Ku mukutu gwa yintaneeti ogwa Paalamenti ya Uganda] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi Bannayuganda]] [[Category:Abazaalwa mu 1962]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abantu abasibuka mu Disitulikiti y'e Apac]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi abakyala nannaYuganda mukyasa eky'amakumi abiri mwekimu]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi ba Uganda People's Congress]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi abatalina bibiina by'abufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abalango]] [[Category:Bammemba ba Palamenti ya Uganda ey'omwenda]] [[Category:Abakyala Abalango]] [[Category:Bammemba ba Palamenti ya Uganda abakyala]] 3yg7bofruur6p7qh3kr4ynxl9um8bgl Akumu Catherine Mavenjina 0 10550 59432 48528 2026-07-07T07:43:41Z Ssemmanda will 3837 Okukoppa okuva mu [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] okudda mu [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi Bannayuganda]] nga nkozesa [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 59432 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akumu Catherine Mavenjina''' [[:en:Uganda|Munnayuganda]], [[:en:Lawyer|munnamateeka]], [[:en:Politician|munnabyabufuzi]] okuva mu [[:en:Nebbi_District|Disitulikiti y'e Nebbi]], Uganda. Yali mukiise mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] ey'Omunaana mu 2006–2011. Ye yali Minisita omubeezi era nga kaakano y'akiikirira abakadde mu Bukiikakkono bwa Uganda mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkuminemu.<ref>https://www.parliament.go.ug/sites/default/files/MEMBERS%20OF%20THE%2011TH%20PARLIAMENT%20%282021-2026%29%20.pdf</ref> Alina akakwate ku kibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekya National Resistance Movement (NRM).<ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/undefined</ref><ref name=":0">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/elections/four-elected-as-mps-for-elderly-3262964</ref> == Emirimu gye == Nga tannaba kuyingira mu byabufuzi, yaweerezaako ng'omulamuzi. yali Minisita omubeezi ow'abakozi ba Gavumenti.<ref name=":1">https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1255919/-minister-loses-defamation-suit</ref> Mu Paalamenti Ey'omunaana, Mavenjina yakiikirira Disitulikiti y'e Nebbi ng'omubaka omukyala mu Paalamenti. Okuyita mu kisanja kye, yeetaba mu nsonga z'okubaga amateeka, yalwanirira eddembe ly'abakyala era n'akola ne ku byetaago by'abantu. Yawangulwa [[:en:Agnes_Acibu|Agnes Acibu]] mu kalulu ka bonna ka 2021 ng'omubaka omukyala akiikirira Disitulikiti y'e Nebbi mu Paalamenti. Yakiikirira abakadde b'omu Bukiikakkono bwa Uganda mu Paalamenti y'ekkuminemu eya 2021-2026. Mavenjina yaweerezaako ku kakiiko akaali kategeka ebikujjuko by'olunaku lw'abajulizi mu 2024 e Nebbi.<ref>https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/nebbi-cuts-martyrs-day-budget-by-ugx-2b-cites-financial-constraints-among-faithful</ref><ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/nebbi-cuts-martyrs-day-budget-by-shs2billion-cites-financial-constraints-among-faithful/</ref> == Obukuubagano n'emisango egya mujwetekebwako == Mu 2003, Mavenjina yaggulawo emisango eri [[:en:Daily_Monitor|Monitor Publications]], ng'agamba nti baali bamujjwetekako emboozi emuttatana. Wabula omusango guno gwagobebwa mu Kkooti enkulu olw'okubulwa obujulizi mu musango gwe. == Laba ne bino == * [[:en:Agnes_Acibu|Agnes Acibu]] * [[:en:Nebbi_District|Disitulikiti y'e Neebi]] * [[:en:National_Resistance_Movement|National Resistance Movement]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]]. * [[:en:Member_of_parliament|Ababaka ba Paalamenti]] == Ebijuliziddwamu == <references /> [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi Bannayuganda]] ch4rs2jllgl36lksu8z562m0ezolc8j 59440 59432 2026-07-07T09:36:11Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Nziggyeemu link z'oluzungu 59440 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akumu Catherine Mavenjina''' [[Munnayuganda]], nga munnamateeka era munnabyabufuzi okuva mu Disitulikiti y'e Nebbi, Uganda. Yali mukiise mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] ey'Omunaana mu 2006–2011. Ye yali Minisita omubeezi era nga kaakano y'akiikirira abakadde mu Bukiikakkono bwa Uganda mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkuminemu.<ref>https://www.parliament.go.ug/sites/default/files/MEMBERS%20OF%20THE%2011TH%20PARLIAMENT%20%282021-2026%29%20.pdf</ref> Alina akakwate ku kibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekya National Resistance Movement (NRM).<ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/undefined</ref><ref name=":0">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/elections/four-elected-as-mps-for-elderly-3262964</ref> == Emirimu gye == Nga tannaba kuyingira mu byabufuzi, yaweerezaako ng'omulamuzi. yali Minisita omubeezi ow'abakozi ba Gavumenti.<ref name=":1">https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1255919/-minister-loses-defamation-suit</ref> Mu Paalamenti Ey'omunaana, Mavenjina yakiikirira Disitulikiti y'e Nebbi ng'omubaka omukyala mu Paalamenti. Okuyita mu kisanja kye, yeetaba mu nsonga z'okubaga amateeka, yalwanirira eddembe ly'abakyala era n'akola ne ku byetaago by'abantu. Yawangulwa [[:en:Agnes_Acibu|Agnes Acibu]] mu kalulu ka bonna ka 2021 ng'omubaka omukyala akiikirira Disitulikiti y'e Nebbi mu Paalamenti. Yakiikirira abakadde b'omu Bukiikakkono bwa Uganda mu Paalamenti y'ekkuminemu eya 2021-2026. Mavenjina yaweerezaako ku kakiiko akaali kategeka ebikujjuko by'olunaku lw'abajulizi mu 2024 e Nebbi.<ref>https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/nebbi-cuts-martyrs-day-budget-by-ugx-2b-cites-financial-constraints-among-faithful</ref><ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/nebbi-cuts-martyrs-day-budget-by-shs2billion-cites-financial-constraints-among-faithful/</ref> == Obukuubagano n'emisango egya mujwetekebwako == Mu 2003, Mavenjina yaggulawo emisango eri [[:en:Daily_Monitor|Monitor Publications]], ng'agamba nti baali bamujjwetekako emboozi emuttatana. Wabula omusango guno gwagobebwa mu Kkooti enkulu olw'okubulwa obujulizi mu musango gwe. == Laba ne bino == * [[:en:Agnes_Acibu|Agnes Acibu]] * [[:en:Nebbi_District|Disitulikiti y'e Neebi]] * [[:en:National_Resistance_Movement|National Resistance Movement]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]]. * [[:en:Member_of_parliament|Ababaka ba Paalamenti]] == Ebijuliziddwamu == <references /> [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi Bannayuganda]] ftb2pchtlz7vaenoj2fsnls580noxds 59441 59440 2026-07-07T09:37:46Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Nterezezza empandiika 59441 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akumu Catherine Mavenjina''' [[Munnayuganda]], nga munnamateeka era munnabyabufuzi okuva mu Disitulikiti y'e Nebbi, Uganda. Yali mukiise mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] ey'Omunaana mu 2006–2011. Ye yali Minisita omubeezi era nga kaakano y'akiikirira abakadde mu Bukiikakkono bwa Uganda mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkuminemu.<ref>https://www.parliament.go.ug/sites/default/files/MEMBERS%20OF%20THE%2011TH%20PARLIAMENT%20%282021-2026%29%20.pdf</ref> Mmemba mu kibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekya National Resistance Movement (NRM).<ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/undefined</ref><ref name=":0">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/elections/four-elected-as-mps-for-elderly-3262964</ref> == Emirimu gye == Nga tannaba kuyingira mu byabufuzi, yaweerezaako ng'omulamuzi. yali Minisita omubeezi ow'abakozi ba Gavumenti.<ref name=":1">https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1255919/-minister-loses-defamation-suit</ref> Mu Paalamenti Ey'omunaana, Mavenjina yakiikirira Disitulikiti y'e Nebbi ng'omubaka omukyala mu Paalamenti. Okuyita mu kisanja kye, yeetaba mu nsonga z'okubaga amateeka, yalwanirira eddembe ly'abakyala era n'akola ne ku byetaago by'abantu. Yawangulwa [[:en:Agnes_Acibu|Agnes Acibu]] mu kalulu ka bonna ka 2021 ng'omubaka omukyala akiikirira Disitulikiti y'e Nebbi mu Paalamenti. Yakiikirira abakadde b'omu Bukiikakkono bwa Uganda mu Paalamenti y'ekkuminemu eya 2021-2026. Mavenjina yaweerezaako ku kakiiko akaali kategeka ebikujjuko by'olunaku lw'abajulizi mu 2024 e Nebbi.<ref>https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/nebbi-cuts-martyrs-day-budget-by-ugx-2b-cites-financial-constraints-among-faithful</ref><ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/nebbi-cuts-martyrs-day-budget-by-shs2billion-cites-financial-constraints-among-faithful/</ref> == Obukuubagano n'emisango egya mujwetekebwako == Mu 2003, Mavenjina yaggulawo emisango eri [[:en:Daily_Monitor|Monitor Publications]], ng'agamba nti baali bamujjwetekako emboozi emuttatana. Wabula omusango guno gwagobebwa mu Kkooti enkulu olw'okubulwa obujulizi mu musango gwe. == Laba ne bino == * [[:en:Agnes_Acibu|Agnes Acibu]] * [[:en:Nebbi_District|Disitulikiti y'e Neebi]] * [[:en:National_Resistance_Movement|National Resistance Movement]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]]. * [[:en:Member_of_parliament|Ababaka ba Paalamenti]] == Ebijuliziddwamu == <references /> [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi Bannayuganda]] go6oqseaq7tjdyyb9op2ouzt5ln3hz6 59442 59441 2026-07-07T09:40:07Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Nterezezza ebijulizo 59442 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akumu Catherine Mavenjina''' [[Munnayuganda]], nga munnamateeka era munnabyabufuzi okuva mu Disitulikiti y'e Nebbi, Uganda. Yali mukiise mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] ey'Omunaana mu 2006–2011. Yali Minisita omubeezi era nga kaakano y'akiikirira abakadde mu Bukiikakkono bwa Uganda mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkuminemu.<ref>[https://www.parliament.go.ug/sites/default/files/MEMBERS%20OF%20THE%2011TH%20PARLIAMENT%20%282021-2026%29%20.pdf MEMBERS OF THE 11TH PARLIAMENT (2021–2026)]</ref> Mmemba mu kibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekya National Resistance Movement (NRM).<ref>[https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/undefined "Corridors of power"]. ''New Vision''. Retrieved 2024-04-04.</ref><ref name=":0">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/elections/four-elected-as-mps-for-elderly-3262964 "Four elected as MPs for elderly".] ''Monitor''. 2021-01-20. Retrieved 2024-04-04.</ref> == Emirimu gye == Nga tannaba kuyingira mu byabufuzi, yaweerezaako ng'omulamuzi. yali Minisita omubeezi ow'abakozi ba Gavumenti.<ref name=":1">https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1255919/-minister-loses-defamation-suit</ref> Mu Paalamenti Ey'omunaana, Mavenjina yakiikirira Disitulikiti y'e Nebbi ng'omubaka omukyala mu Paalamenti. Okuyita mu kisanja kye, yeetaba mu nsonga z'okubaga amateeka, yalwanirira eddembe ly'abakyala era n'akola ne ku byetaago by'abantu. Yawangulwa [[:en:Agnes_Acibu|Agnes Acibu]] mu kalulu ka bonna ka 2021 ng'omubaka omukyala akiikirira Disitulikiti y'e Nebbi mu Paalamenti. Yakiikirira abakadde b'omu Bukiikakkono bwa Uganda mu Paalamenti y'ekkuminemu eya 2021-2026. Mavenjina yaweerezaako ku kakiiko akaali kategeka ebikujjuko by'olunaku lw'abajulizi mu 2024 e Nebbi.<ref>https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/nebbi-cuts-martyrs-day-budget-by-ugx-2b-cites-financial-constraints-among-faithful</ref><ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/nebbi-cuts-martyrs-day-budget-by-shs2billion-cites-financial-constraints-among-faithful/</ref> == Obukuubagano n'emisango egya mujwetekebwako == Mu 2003, Mavenjina yaggulawo emisango eri [[:en:Daily_Monitor|Monitor Publications]], ng'agamba nti baali bamujjwetekako emboozi emuttatana. Wabula omusango guno gwagobebwa mu Kkooti enkulu olw'okubulwa obujulizi mu musango gwe. == Laba ne bino == * [[:en:Agnes_Acibu|Agnes Acibu]] * [[:en:Nebbi_District|Disitulikiti y'e Neebi]] * [[:en:National_Resistance_Movement|National Resistance Movement]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]]. * [[:en:Member_of_parliament|Ababaka ba Paalamenti]] == Ebijuliziddwamu == <references /> [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi Bannayuganda]] p4vpigtfk28yrgkffishv48jq4km8yo 59443 59442 2026-07-07T09:42:20Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Nterezezza ebijulizo n'empandiika 59443 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akumu Catherine Mavenjina''' [[Munnayuganda]], nga munnamateeka era munnabyabufuzi okuva mu Disitulikiti y'e Nebbi, Uganda. Yali mukiise mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] ey'Omunaana mu 2006–2011. Yali Minisita omubeezi era nga kaakano y'akiikirira abakadde mu Bukiikakkono bwa Uganda mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkuminemu.<ref>[https://www.parliament.go.ug/sites/default/files/MEMBERS%20OF%20THE%2011TH%20PARLIAMENT%20%282021-2026%29%20.pdf MEMBERS OF THE 11TH PARLIAMENT (2021–2026)]</ref> Mmemba mu kibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekya National Resistance Movement (NRM).<ref>[https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/undefined "Corridors of power"]. ''New Vision''. Retrieved 2024-04-04.</ref><ref name=":0">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/elections/four-elected-as-mps-for-elderly-3262964 "Four elected as MPs for elderly".] ''Monitor''. 2021-01-20. Retrieved 2024-04-04.</ref> == Emirimu gye == Nga tannaba kuyingira mu byabufuzi, yaweerezaako ng'omulamuzi. Yali Minisita omubeezi ow'abakozi ba Gavumenti.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">[https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1255919/-minister-loses-defamation-suit "Ex-minister loses defamation suit"]. ''New Vision''. 2003-11-16. Retrieved 2024-04-04.</ref> Mu Paalamenti Ey'omunaana, Mavenjina yakiikirira Disitulikiti y'e Nebbi ng'omubaka omukyala mu Paalamenti. Okuyita mu kisanja kye, yeetaba mu nsonga z'okubaga amateeka, yalwanirira eddembe ly'abakyala era n'akola ne ku byetaago by'abantu. Yawangulwa [[:en:Agnes_Acibu|Agnes Acibu]] mu kalulu ka bonna ka 2021 ng'omubaka omukyala akiikirira Disitulikiti y'e Nebbi mu Paalamenti. Yakiikirira abakadde b'omu Bukiikakkono bwa Uganda mu Paalamenti y'ekkuminemu eya 2021-2026. Mavenjina yaweerezaako ku kakiiko akaali kategeka ebikujjuko by'olunaku lw'abajulizi mu 2024 e Nebbi.<ref>https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/nebbi-cuts-martyrs-day-budget-by-ugx-2b-cites-financial-constraints-among-faithful</ref><ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/nebbi-cuts-martyrs-day-budget-by-shs2billion-cites-financial-constraints-among-faithful/</ref> == Obukuubagano n'emisango egya mujwetekebwako == Mu 2003, Mavenjina yaggulawo emisango eri [[:en:Daily_Monitor|Monitor Publications]], ng'agamba nti baali bamujjwetekako emboozi emuttatana. Wabula omusango guno gwagobebwa mu Kkooti enkulu olw'okubulwa obujulizi mu musango gwe. == Laba ne bino == * [[:en:Agnes_Acibu|Agnes Acibu]] * [[:en:Nebbi_District|Disitulikiti y'e Neebi]] * [[:en:National_Resistance_Movement|National Resistance Movement]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]]. * [[:en:Member_of_parliament|Ababaka ba Paalamenti]] == Ebijuliziddwamu == <references /> [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi Bannayuganda]] bohguv6qxvos3ysxjfp6jsj3wosom75 59444 59443 2026-07-07T09:44:24Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Nterezezza empandiika 59444 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akumu Catherine Mavenjina''' [[Munnayuganda]], nga munnamateeka era munnabyabufuzi okuva mu Disitulikiti y'e Nebbi, Uganda. Yali mukiise mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] ey'Omunaana mu 2006–2011. Yali Minisita omubeezi era nga kaakano y'akiikirira abakadde mu Bukiikakkono bwa Uganda mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkuminemu.<ref>[https://www.parliament.go.ug/sites/default/files/MEMBERS%20OF%20THE%2011TH%20PARLIAMENT%20%282021-2026%29%20.pdf MEMBERS OF THE 11TH PARLIAMENT (2021–2026)]</ref> Mmemba mu kibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekya National Resistance Movement (NRM).<ref>[https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/undefined "Corridors of power"]. ''New Vision''. Retrieved 2024-04-04.</ref><ref name=":0">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/elections/four-elected-as-mps-for-elderly-3262964 "Four elected as MPs for elderly".] ''Monitor''. 2021-01-20. Retrieved 2024-04-04.</ref> == Emirimu gye == Nga tannaba kuyingira mu byabufuzi, yaweerezaako ng'omulamuzi. Yali Minisita omubeezi ow'abakozi ba Gavumenti.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">[https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1255919/-minister-loses-defamation-suit "Ex-minister loses defamation suit"]. ''New Vision''. 2003-11-16. Retrieved 2024-04-04.</ref> Mu Paalamenti Ey'omunaana, Mavenjina yakiikirira Disitulikiti y'e Nebbi ng'omubaka omukyala mu Paalamenti. Okuyita mu kisanja kye, yeetaba mu nsonga z'okubaga amateeka, yalwanirira eddembe ly'abakyala era n'akola ne ku by'etaago by'abantu. Yawangulwa [[Agnes Acibu]] mu kalulu ka bonna aka 2021 ng'omubaka omukyala akiikirira Disitulikiti y'e Nebbi mu Paalamenti. Yaakiikirira abakadde b'omu Bukiikakkono bwa Uganda mu Paalamenti ey'ekkuminemu eya 2021-2026. Mavenjina yaweerezaako ku kakiiko akaali kategeka ebikujjuko by'olunaku lw'abajulizi mu 2024 e Nebbi.<ref>https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/nebbi-cuts-martyrs-day-budget-by-ugx-2b-cites-financial-constraints-among-faithful</ref><ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/nebbi-cuts-martyrs-day-budget-by-shs2billion-cites-financial-constraints-among-faithful/</ref> == Obukuubagano n'emisango egya mujwetekebwako == Mu 2003, Mavenjina yaggulawo emisango eri [[:en:Daily_Monitor|Monitor Publications]], ng'agamba nti baali bamujjwetekako emboozi emuttatana. Wabula omusango guno gwagobebwa mu Kkooti enkulu olw'okubulwa obujulizi mu musango gwe. == Laba ne bino == * [[:en:Agnes_Acibu|Agnes Acibu]] * [[:en:Nebbi_District|Disitulikiti y'e Neebi]] * [[:en:National_Resistance_Movement|National Resistance Movement]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]]. * [[:en:Member_of_parliament|Ababaka ba Paalamenti]] == Ebijuliziddwamu == <references /> [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi Bannayuganda]] a6t8a9f5tjczrnsua66xtoxup7ilydk 59445 59444 2026-07-07T09:46:34Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Nterezezza ebijulizo 59445 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akumu Catherine Mavenjina''' [[Munnayuganda]], nga munnamateeka era munnabyabufuzi okuva mu Disitulikiti y'e Nebbi, Uganda. Yali mukiise mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] ey'Omunaana mu 2006–2011. Yali Minisita omubeezi era nga kaakano y'akiikirira abakadde mu Bukiikakkono bwa Uganda mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkuminemu.<ref>[https://www.parliament.go.ug/sites/default/files/MEMBERS%20OF%20THE%2011TH%20PARLIAMENT%20%282021-2026%29%20.pdf MEMBERS OF THE 11TH PARLIAMENT (2021–2026)]</ref> Mmemba mu kibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekya National Resistance Movement (NRM).<ref>[https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/undefined "Corridors of power"]. ''New Vision''. Retrieved 2024-04-04.</ref><ref name=":0">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/elections/four-elected-as-mps-for-elderly-3262964 "Four elected as MPs for elderly".] ''Monitor''. 2021-01-20. Retrieved 2024-04-04.</ref> == Emirimu gye == Nga tannaba kuyingira mu byabufuzi, yaweerezaako ng'omulamuzi. Yali Minisita omubeezi ow'abakozi ba Gavumenti.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">[https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1255919/-minister-loses-defamation-suit "Ex-minister loses defamation suit"]. ''New Vision''. 2003-11-16. Retrieved 2024-04-04.</ref> Mu Paalamenti Ey'omunaana, Mavenjina yakiikirira Disitulikiti y'e Nebbi ng'omubaka omukyala mu Paalamenti. Okuyita mu kisanja kye, yeetaba mu nsonga z'okubaga amateeka, yalwanirira eddembe ly'abakyala era n'akola ne ku by'etaago by'abantu. Yawangulwa [[Agnes Acibu]] mu kalulu ka bonna aka 2021 ng'omubaka omukyala akiikirira Disitulikiti y'e Nebbi mu Paalamenti. Yaakiikirira abakadde b'omu Bukiikakkono bwa Uganda mu Paalamenti ey'ekkuminemu eya 2021-2026. Mavenjina yaweerezaako ku kakiiko akaali kategeka ebikujjuko by'olunaku lw'abajulizi mu 2024 e Nebbi.<ref>[https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/nebbi-cuts-martyrs-day-budget-by-ugx-2b-cites-financial-constraints-among-faithful Nebbi Cuts Martyrs Day Budget by UGX 2B, Cites Financial Constraints Among Faithful]</ref><ref>[https://www.independent.co.ug/nebbi-cuts-martyrs-day-budget-by-shs2billion-cites-financial-constraints-among-faithful/ "Nebbi cuts Martyrs Day budget by shs2billion, cites financial constraints among faithful"]. [[:en:The_Independent_(Uganda)|''The Independent''.]] 2024-02-27. Retrieved 2024-04-04.</ref> == Obukuubagano n'emisango egya mujwetekebwako == Mu 2003, Mavenjina yaggulawo emisango eri [[:en:Daily_Monitor|Monitor Publications]], ng'agamba nti baali bamujjwetekako emboozi emuttatana. Wabula omusango guno gwagobebwa mu Kkooti enkulu olw'okubulwa obujulizi mu musango gwe. == Laba ne bino == * [[:en:Agnes_Acibu|Agnes Acibu]] * [[:en:Nebbi_District|Disitulikiti y'e Neebi]] * [[:en:National_Resistance_Movement|National Resistance Movement]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]]. * [[:en:Member_of_parliament|Ababaka ba Paalamenti]] == Ebijuliziddwamu == <references /> [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi Bannayuganda]] 6odc01ycrnxyrt9al4xwkqn81505xds 59446 59445 2026-07-07T09:48:36Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Nterezezza ebijulizo n'empandiika 59446 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akumu Catherine Mavenjina''' [[Munnayuganda]], nga munnamateeka era munnabyabufuzi okuva mu Disitulikiti y'e Nebbi, Uganda. Yali mukiise mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] ey'Omunaana mu 2006–2011. Yali Minisita omubeezi era nga kaakano y'akiikirira abakadde mu Bukiikakkono bwa Uganda mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkuminemu.<ref>[https://www.parliament.go.ug/sites/default/files/MEMBERS%20OF%20THE%2011TH%20PARLIAMENT%20%282021-2026%29%20.pdf MEMBERS OF THE 11TH PARLIAMENT (2021–2026)]</ref> Mmemba mu kibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekya National Resistance Movement (NRM).<ref>[https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/undefined "Corridors of power"]. ''New Vision''. Retrieved 2024-04-04.</ref><ref name=":0">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/elections/four-elected-as-mps-for-elderly-3262964 "Four elected as MPs for elderly".] ''Monitor''. 2021-01-20. Retrieved 2024-04-04.</ref> == Emirimu gye == Nga tannaba kuyingira mu byabufuzi, yaweerezaako ng'omulamuzi. Yali Minisita omubeezi ow'abakozi ba Gavumenti.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">[https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1255919/-minister-loses-defamation-suit "Ex-minister loses defamation suit"]. ''New Vision''. 2003-11-16. Retrieved 2024-04-04.</ref> Mu Paalamenti Ey'omunaana, Mavenjina yakiikirira Disitulikiti y'e Nebbi ng'omubaka omukyala mu Paalamenti. Okuyita mu kisanja kye, yeetaba mu nsonga z'okubaga amateeka, yalwanirira eddembe ly'abakyala era n'akola ne ku by'etaago by'abantu. Yawangulwa [[Agnes Acibu]] mu kalulu ka bonna aka 2021 ng'omubaka omukyala akiikirira Disitulikiti y'e Nebbi mu Paalamenti. Yaakiikirira abakadde b'omu Bukiikakkono bwa Uganda mu Paalamenti ey'ekkuminemu eya 2021-2026. Mavenjina yaweerezaako ku kakiiko akaali kategeka ebikujjuko by'olunaku lw'abajulizi mu 2024 e Nebbi.<ref>[https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/nebbi-cuts-martyrs-day-budget-by-ugx-2b-cites-financial-constraints-among-faithful Nebbi Cuts Martyrs Day Budget by UGX 2B, Cites Financial Constraints Among Faithful]</ref><ref>[https://www.independent.co.ug/nebbi-cuts-martyrs-day-budget-by-shs2billion-cites-financial-constraints-among-faithful/ "Nebbi cuts Martyrs Day budget by shs2billion, cites financial constraints among faithful"]. [[:en:The_Independent_(Uganda)|''The Independent''.]] 2024-02-27. Retrieved 2024-04-04.</ref> == Obukuubagano n'emisango egyamujwetekebwako == Mu 2003, Mavenjina yaggulawo emisango eri Monitor Publications, ng'agamba nti baali bamujjwetekako emboozi emuttatana. Wabula omusango guno gwagobebwa mu Kkooti enkulu olw'okubulwa obujulizi mu musango gwe.<ref name=":1" /> == Laba ne bino == * [[:en:Agnes_Acibu|Agnes Acibu]] * [[:en:Nebbi_District|Disitulikiti y'e Neebi]] * [[:en:National_Resistance_Movement|National Resistance Movement]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]]. * [[:en:Member_of_parliament|Ababaka ba Paalamenti]] == Ebijuliziddwamu == <references /> [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi Bannayuganda]] olkwci9to7hy06f9zpivbtlox45yp0y 59447 59446 2026-07-07T09:51:34Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Nziggyeemu link z'oluzungu 59447 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akumu Catherine Mavenjina''' [[Munnayuganda]], nga munnamateeka era munnabyabufuzi okuva mu Disitulikiti y'e Nebbi, Uganda. Yali mukiise mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] ey'Omunaana mu 2006–2011. Yali Minisita omubeezi era nga kaakano y'akiikirira abakadde mu Bukiikakkono bwa Uganda mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkuminemu.<ref>[https://www.parliament.go.ug/sites/default/files/MEMBERS%20OF%20THE%2011TH%20PARLIAMENT%20%282021-2026%29%20.pdf MEMBERS OF THE 11TH PARLIAMENT (2021–2026)]</ref> Mmemba mu kibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekya National Resistance Movement (NRM).<ref>[https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/undefined "Corridors of power"]. ''New Vision''. Retrieved 2024-04-04.</ref><ref name=":0">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/elections/four-elected-as-mps-for-elderly-3262964 "Four elected as MPs for elderly".] ''Monitor''. 2021-01-20. Retrieved 2024-04-04.</ref> == Emirimu gye == Nga tannaba kuyingira mu byabufuzi, yaweerezaako ng'omulamuzi. Yali Minisita omubeezi ow'abakozi ba Gavumenti.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">[https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1255919/-minister-loses-defamation-suit "Ex-minister loses defamation suit"]. ''New Vision''. 2003-11-16. Retrieved 2024-04-04.</ref> Mu Paalamenti Ey'omunaana, Mavenjina yakiikirira Disitulikiti y'e Nebbi ng'omubaka omukyala mu Paalamenti. Okuyita mu kisanja kye, yeetaba mu nsonga z'okubaga amateeka, yalwanirira eddembe ly'abakyala era n'akola ne ku by'etaago by'abantu. Yawangulwa [[Agnes Acibu]] mu kalulu ka bonna aka 2021 ng'omubaka omukyala akiikirira Disitulikiti y'e Nebbi mu Paalamenti. Yaakiikirira abakadde b'omu Bukiikakkono bwa Uganda mu Paalamenti ey'ekkuminemu eya 2021-2026. Mavenjina yaweerezaako ku kakiiko akaali kategeka ebikujjuko by'olunaku lw'abajulizi mu 2024 e Nebbi.<ref>[https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/nebbi-cuts-martyrs-day-budget-by-ugx-2b-cites-financial-constraints-among-faithful Nebbi Cuts Martyrs Day Budget by UGX 2B, Cites Financial Constraints Among Faithful]</ref><ref>[https://www.independent.co.ug/nebbi-cuts-martyrs-day-budget-by-shs2billion-cites-financial-constraints-among-faithful/ "Nebbi cuts Martyrs Day budget by shs2billion, cites financial constraints among faithful"]. [[:en:The_Independent_(Uganda)|''The Independent''.]] 2024-02-27. Retrieved 2024-04-04.</ref> == Obukuubagano n'emisango egyamujwetekebwako == Mu 2003, Mavenjina yaggulawo emisango eri Monitor Publications, ng'agamba nti baali bamujjwetekako emboozi emuttatana. Wabula omusango guno gwagobebwa mu Kkooti enkulu olw'okubulwa obujulizi mu musango gwe.<ref name=":1" /> == Laba ne == * [[Agnes Acibu]] * Disitulikiti y'e Nebbi * [[National Resistance Movement]] * [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]]. * Ababaka ba Paalamenti == Ebijuliziddwamu == <references /> [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi Bannayuganda]] t42mqk9n2tgpdmcw7z7i8kyc4bkq3qe 59448 59447 2026-07-07T09:54:16Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Ntaddemu link y'ebweru 59448 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akumu Catherine Mavenjina''' [[Munnayuganda]], nga munnamateeka era munnabyabufuzi okuva mu Disitulikiti y'e Nebbi, Uganda. Yali mukiise mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] ey'Omunaana mu 2006–2011. Yali Minisita omubeezi era nga kaakano y'akiikirira abakadde mu Bukiikakkono bwa Uganda mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkuminemu.<ref>[https://www.parliament.go.ug/sites/default/files/MEMBERS%20OF%20THE%2011TH%20PARLIAMENT%20%282021-2026%29%20.pdf MEMBERS OF THE 11TH PARLIAMENT (2021–2026)]</ref> Mmemba mu kibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekya National Resistance Movement (NRM).<ref>[https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/undefined "Corridors of power"]. ''New Vision''. Retrieved 2024-04-04.</ref><ref name=":0">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/elections/four-elected-as-mps-for-elderly-3262964 "Four elected as MPs for elderly".] ''Monitor''. 2021-01-20. Retrieved 2024-04-04.</ref> == Emirimu gye == Nga tannaba kuyingira mu byabufuzi, yaweerezaako ng'omulamuzi. Yali Minisita omubeezi ow'abakozi ba Gavumenti.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">[https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1255919/-minister-loses-defamation-suit "Ex-minister loses defamation suit"]. ''New Vision''. 2003-11-16. Retrieved 2024-04-04.</ref> Mu Paalamenti Ey'omunaana, Mavenjina yakiikirira Disitulikiti y'e Nebbi ng'omubaka omukyala mu Paalamenti. Okuyita mu kisanja kye, yeetaba mu nsonga z'okubaga amateeka, yalwanirira eddembe ly'abakyala era n'akola ne ku by'etaago by'abantu. Yawangulwa [[Agnes Acibu]] mu kalulu ka bonna aka 2021 ng'omubaka omukyala akiikirira Disitulikiti y'e Nebbi mu Paalamenti. Yaakiikirira abakadde b'omu Bukiikakkono bwa Uganda mu Paalamenti ey'ekkuminemu eya 2021-2026. Mavenjina yaweerezaako ku kakiiko akaali kategeka ebikujjuko by'olunaku lw'abajulizi mu 2024 e Nebbi.<ref>[https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/nebbi-cuts-martyrs-day-budget-by-ugx-2b-cites-financial-constraints-among-faithful Nebbi Cuts Martyrs Day Budget by UGX 2B, Cites Financial Constraints Among Faithful]</ref><ref>[https://www.independent.co.ug/nebbi-cuts-martyrs-day-budget-by-shs2billion-cites-financial-constraints-among-faithful/ "Nebbi cuts Martyrs Day budget by shs2billion, cites financial constraints among faithful"]. [[:en:The_Independent_(Uganda)|''The Independent''.]] 2024-02-27. Retrieved 2024-04-04.</ref> == Obukuubagano n'emisango egyamujwetekebwako == Mu 2003, Mavenjina yaggulawo emisango eri Monitor Publications, ng'agamba nti baali bamujjwetekako emboozi emuttatana. Wabula omusango guno gwagobebwa mu Kkooti enkulu olw'okubulwa obujulizi mu musango gwe.<ref name=":1" /> == Laba ne == * [[Agnes Acibu]] * Disitulikiti y'e Nebbi * [[National Resistance Movement]] * [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]]. * Ababaka ba Paalamenti == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == * [https://www.parliament.go.ug/ Omutimbagano gwa Paalamenti ya Uganda] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi Bannayuganda]] bmooku5j7k52ezjmuqrsah577yc9qm9 59449 59448 2026-07-07T09:57:47Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Ntaddemu amatuluba 59449 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akumu Catherine Mavenjina''' [[Munnayuganda]], nga munnamateeka era munnabyabufuzi okuva mu Disitulikiti y'e Nebbi, Uganda. Yali mukiise mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] ey'Omunaana mu 2006–2011. Yali Minisita omubeezi era nga kaakano y'akiikirira abakadde mu Bukiikakkono bwa Uganda mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkuminemu.<ref>[https://www.parliament.go.ug/sites/default/files/MEMBERS%20OF%20THE%2011TH%20PARLIAMENT%20%282021-2026%29%20.pdf MEMBERS OF THE 11TH PARLIAMENT (2021–2026)]</ref> Mmemba mu kibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekya National Resistance Movement (NRM).<ref>[https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/undefined "Corridors of power"]. ''New Vision''. Retrieved 2024-04-04.</ref><ref name=":0">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/elections/four-elected-as-mps-for-elderly-3262964 "Four elected as MPs for elderly".] ''Monitor''. 2021-01-20. Retrieved 2024-04-04.</ref> == Emirimu gye == Nga tannaba kuyingira mu byabufuzi, yaweerezaako ng'omulamuzi. Yali Minisita omubeezi ow'abakozi ba Gavumenti.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">[https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1255919/-minister-loses-defamation-suit "Ex-minister loses defamation suit"]. ''New Vision''. 2003-11-16. Retrieved 2024-04-04.</ref> Mu Paalamenti Ey'omunaana, Mavenjina yakiikirira Disitulikiti y'e Nebbi ng'omubaka omukyala mu Paalamenti. Okuyita mu kisanja kye, yeetaba mu nsonga z'okubaga amateeka, yalwanirira eddembe ly'abakyala era n'akola ne ku by'etaago by'abantu. Yawangulwa [[Agnes Acibu]] mu kalulu ka bonna aka 2021 ng'omubaka omukyala akiikirira Disitulikiti y'e Nebbi mu Paalamenti. Yaakiikirira abakadde b'omu Bukiikakkono bwa Uganda mu Paalamenti ey'ekkuminemu eya 2021-2026. Mavenjina yaweerezaako ku kakiiko akaali kategeka ebikujjuko by'olunaku lw'abajulizi mu 2024 e Nebbi.<ref>[https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/nebbi-cuts-martyrs-day-budget-by-ugx-2b-cites-financial-constraints-among-faithful Nebbi Cuts Martyrs Day Budget by UGX 2B, Cites Financial Constraints Among Faithful]</ref><ref>[https://www.independent.co.ug/nebbi-cuts-martyrs-day-budget-by-shs2billion-cites-financial-constraints-among-faithful/ "Nebbi cuts Martyrs Day budget by shs2billion, cites financial constraints among faithful"]. [[:en:The_Independent_(Uganda)|''The Independent''.]] 2024-02-27. Retrieved 2024-04-04.</ref> == Obukuubagano n'emisango egyamujwetekebwako == Mu 2003, Mavenjina yaggulawo emisango eri Monitor Publications, ng'agamba nti baali bamujjwetekako emboozi emuttatana. Wabula omusango guno gwagobebwa mu Kkooti enkulu olw'okubulwa obujulizi mu musango gwe.<ref name=":1" /> == Laba ne == * [[Agnes Acibu]] * Disitulikiti y'e Nebbi * [[National Resistance Movement]] * [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]]. * Ababaka ba Paalamenti == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == * [https://www.parliament.go.ug/ Omutimbagano gwa Paalamenti ya Uganda] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi Bannayuganda]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ey'omunaana]] [[Category:Ababaka abakyala mu Paalamenti ya Uganda]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abakazi bannabyabufuzi ab'Ekyasa Kyabiri mwekimu]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abantu abasibuka mu Disitulikiti y'e Nebbi]] exmi4jgszz50q1q7s6meul934csw0rt Alice Mwesigwa 0 11180 59393 53590 2026-07-06T19:06:06Z Kisakye Jane 9195 nterezezaamu mu kiwandiiko 59393 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''Alice Mwesigwa''' (yazaalibwa 1969) musomesa wa Uganda era musomesa mu Bishop Stuart University <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-06|title=Can Lwanga break the silence?|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/can-lwanga-break-the-silence--1302366|access-date=2025-03-30|website=The EastAfrican|language=en}}</ref> ne [[Ssetendekero y’e Mbarara|Mbarara University of Science and Technology]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Volume 8, Issue 4. – Journal of Research Innovation and Implications in Education|url=https://www.jriiejournal.com/volume-8-issue-4/|access-date=2025-04-17|language=en-US}}</ref> Yasomesa mu masomero ga siniya mangi omuli Ntare School Mbarara.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web}}</ref> Dr.Alice mukyala wa Bishop [[Sheldon Mwesigwa]] ow'adayasiisa ya Ankole era maama<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-01|title=Mwesigwa: The teacher mothering generations|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/mwesigwa-the-teacher-mothering-generations-1742918|access-date=2025-04-17|website=Monitor|language=en}}</ref> . == Ebyenjigiriza ensibuko == Alice Mwesigwa alina PhD mu by'enjigiriza, enzirukanya y'emirimu n'okuteekateeka okuva mu Dar es salaam Yunivesite,<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> Masitazi mu nzirukanya y'ebyenjigiriza n'okuteekateeka okuva mu Leeds Yuniversite <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":2" /> Diguli mu by'enjigiriza okuva mu [[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|Makerere]] Yunivasite ne Dipuloma mu by'enjigiriza okuva mu ITEK-Kyambogo<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2021-02-01|title=Mwesigwa: The teacher mothering generations|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/mwesigwa-the-teacher-mothering-generations-1742918|access-date=2025-04-17|website=Monitor|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2021-01-07|title=Going beyond her call as a teacher|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/full-woman/going-beyond-her-call-as-a-teacher-1593310|access-date=2025-04-17|website=Monitor|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Determinants of Education System: by DR - Alice Mwesigwa {{!}} PDF {{!}} Race (Human Categorization) {{!}} Curriculum|url=https://www.scribd.com/presentation/585694126/Determinants-of-Education-System|access-date=2025-04-17|website=Scribd|language=en}}</ref> . == Omulimu == Mu 1992 Alice Mwesigwa yatandika omulimu gw’obusomesa bwe yasindikibwa mu Kibubura Girls School nga patron wa Scripture Union. Alice y'egatta ku Ntare school gye yateekebwa mu buvunanyizibwa bw'ensonga z'okusaba mu 1995.<ref name=":1" /> Mu 2002, Alice bwe yamala Masitazi mu nzirukanya y'eby’enjigiriza n’okuteekateeka, yatandika okusomesa mu Uganda Christian University . Alice asomesa mu Bishop Stuart University ne [[Ssetendekero y’e Mbarara|Mbarara University of Science and Technology]] gy'alungamiza abayizi mu by'omwoyo n'obuwereza bw'okubudabuda ekimuweseza erinnya lya Maama Alice mu bayizi be<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Asasira|date=2023-05-15|title=Buddo student’s visit to the Bishop of Ankole Diocese.|url=https://www.ankolediocese.org/buddo-students-visit-to-the-bishop-of-ankole-diocese/|access-date=2025-04-17|website=Ankole Diocese {{!}} Church of Uganda, Anglican|language=en-US}}</ref> . Alice ye mukulembeze wa Mothers Union mu bulabirizi bw'Ankole, mumyuka w'omukulembeze owa Mothers’ Union Church of Uganda Province, Ssentebe w’akakiiko akafulumya ebiwandiko n'empuliziganya mu kkanisa ya Uganda, Memba wa kkanisa ya Uganda Provincial Assembly<ref>{{Cite web|title=New Vision - Latest News|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/news/ankole-diocese-commemorates-68-years-of-mothe-NV_207682|access-date=2025-04-17|website=www.newvision.co.ug}}</ref>, era ng'ali ku lukiiko lwa Provincial Assembly. . == Laba ne == * [[Pauline Byakika]] * Martha Kyoshaba == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == <references /> 3dl22nm5thfdqr8c9ev586zxqcae3oj Abubakar Muhammad Moki 0 11453 59421 57819 2026-07-07T07:43:37Z Ssemmanda will 3837 Okukoppa okuva mu [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] okudda mu [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi Bannayuganda]] nga nkozesa [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 59421 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Abubakar Muhammad Moki''' [[Munnayuganda]] [[omukugu mu by’enfuna]] era omukugu mu kwekenneenya enkola za gavumenti, nga mu kiseera kino akola nga Ssenkulu wa Uganda Network of Businesses (UNB). Ono Kaminsona eyawummula eyali avunaanyizibwa ku nkulaakulana y’enkola [[n’okuzimba obusobozi]] mu ofiisi y’obwassaabawandiisi bwa kabineeti ya Pulezidenti.<ref name=":02">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/experts-list-strategies-for-economic-recovery-3902418 "Experts list strategies for economic recovery"]. ''Monitor''. 2022-08-04. Retrieved 2025-01-12.</ref><ref>[https://www.evalforward.org/members/abubakar-moki "Abubakar Muhammad Moki | Eval Forward"]. ''www.evalforward.org''. Retrieved 2025-01-12.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20250112142639/https://sph.mak.ac.ug/index.php/news/public-health-experts-urge-uganda-government-increase-funding-health-services "Public Health Experts Urge Uganda Government to Increase Funding for Health Services"]. ''School of Public Health''. 2021-12-02. Retrieved 2025-01-12.</ref> == Obuto bwe n’okusoma kwe == Moki alina diguli ey'okusatu mu kunoonyereza ku ngeri y’amawulire n’okugateekateeka, diguli eyookubiri mu by’enfuna n’okuteekateeka, dipulooma mu by’enjigiriza, ne [[diguli esooka eya ssaayansi]] mu by’enfuna okuva mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|Yunivasite y’e Makerere]].<ref>[https://www.devex.com/people/abubakar-muhammad-moki-640693?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Abubakar Muhammad Moki | Assistant Commissioner Economic Affairs | Devex"]. ''www.devex.com''. Retrieved 2025-01-12.</ref> == Emirimu gye == Mu 2024, Moki yawummula ku bwa Kaminsona avunaanyizibwa ku kukulaakulanya enkola n’okuzimba obusobozi nga tannalondebwa ku bwa Executive Director wa Uganda Network of Businesses (UNB).<ref>[https://eprcug.org/press-releases/sugarcane-sub-sector-regulatory-impact-assessment-complete/ "Sugarcane sub-sector Regulatory Impact Assessment nears completion – Economic Policy Research Centre"]. Retrieved 2025-01-12.</ref><ref>Team, The Observer (2019-07-10). [https://observer.ug/news/govt-names-team-to-write-first-automotive-industry-policy/ "Govt names team to write first automotive industry policy"]. ''The Observer''. Retrieved 2025-01-12.</ref> Moki awandiise ebitabo ebikwata ku kwekenneenya enkola, omuli "Emitendera egy'omugaso mu kukola okwekenneenya enkola mu Uganda," eraga emitendera emitongole mu kwekenneenya enkola mu mbeera ya Uganda.<ref>[https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/practical-steps-in-undertaking-policy-analysis-in-uganda-pdf/271644923 "Practical Steps in Undertaking Policy Analysis in Uganda .pdf"]. ''SlideShare''. 2024-09-08. Retrieved 2025-01-28.</ref> Abadde mulwanirizi w’enkola y’ennima ey’obutonde mu Uganda, ng’akubiriza abalimi okwettanira ebintu ebikoleddwa mu ngeri ey’obutonde okusobola okumalawo ebbula ly’emmere n’okufuna obutale bw’ensi yonna.<ref>Reporter, Express (2023-11-30). [https://dailyexpress.co.ug/2023/11/30/farmers-urged-to-adopt-organic-products-farming-practices-for-quality-output/ "Farmers urged to adopt organic products, farming practices for quality output"]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved 2025-01-12.</ref> Dr. Moki era yeetaba mu kukubaganya ebirowoozo ku nteekateeka z’okuzzaawo eby'enfuna, ng’akkaatiriza obukulu bw’okukola ku nsonga y'okukutulakutula mu ttaka okutumbula eby'obulimi.<ref name=":02" /> == Laba ne == * [[Economist]] * [[Makerere University, Uganda|Ssettendekero we Makerere]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi Bannayuganda]] [[Category:Abakugu mu by'enfuna bye Uganda]] [[Category:Abakozi ba gavumenti ya Uganda]] [[Category:Abannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Bannassaayansi be Uganda abo mukyasa kya makumi abiri mu kimu]] 864hwztoglm23ux14nu0m8hz22bo0cy Barbara Barungi 0 11461 59271 59270 2026-07-06T11:59:55Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 corrected grammar and punctuations 59271 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Barbara Barungi''', Munnayuganda [[Economist|omukugu mu by’enfuna]], omusuubuzi era omukungu w’ebitongole era akola nga [[Managing Director|omukungu omukwanaganya]] mu kitongole kya Imara Africa Consulting, ekitongolen ekigatta amawanga ga Africa ekyebuuzibwako ku by’enfuna, eby'obusuubuzi n'enkola nga kirina ofiisi mu Nigeria, Kenya ne Uganda. Mu kiseera kye kimu akola nga ssentebe atali mukulu ku lukiiko olufuzi olwa [[Access Bank Kenya]], nga ye mukyala eyasooka okuweereza mu kifo ekyo. <ref name="1R2">{{Cite web|date=December 2022|url=https://kenya.accessbankplc.com/about-us/board-management-team/barbara-barungi|title=Barbara Barungi: Chairperson of Access Bank Kenya|website=[[Access Bank Kenya]] (ABK)|last=ABK|access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> <ref name="2R2">{{Cite web|website=Frontier Africa Reports (FAR)|url=https://www.frontierafricareports.com/article/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-first-female-board-chair|title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair|date=9 December 2022|last=FAR|access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> <ref name="3R2">{{Cite web|url=https://khusoko.com/2022/12/09/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-as-its-first-female-board-chair/|title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair|date=9 December 2022|website=Kushoko.com|access-date=20 June 2024|last=Muindi}}</ref> == Obuto n'okusoma kwe == Barungi Munnayuganda, yazaalibwa okumo n'emyaka gya 1970. Yasomera mu masomero ga pulayimale ne siniya ag’oku kitundu. Yaweebwa ekifo mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]], yunivasite ya gavumenti esinga obunene era esinga obukadde mu ggwanga. Yatikkirwa diguli Esooka eya [[Bachelor of Arts]] mu [[by'enfuna]] n'e[[byenkwatagana z'abantu]]. <ref name="1R3">{{Cite web|date=December 2022|url=https://kenya.accessbankplc.com/about-us/board-management-team/barbara-barungi|title=Barbara Barungi: Chairperson of Access Bank Kenya|website=[[Access Bank Kenya]] (ABK)|last=ABK|access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> <ref name="2R3">{{Cite web|website=Frontier Africa Reports (FAR)|url=https://www.frontierafricareports.com/article/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-first-female-board-chair|title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair|date=9 December 2022|last=FAR|access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> Yagenda mu maaso n'afuna [[dipulooma]] mu [[nkola z'eby'enkulaakulana]] ne diguli eyookusatu mu ssomo ly'[[Y'ebyensimbi mu nsi yonna|y'eby'ensimbi mu nsi yonna]], nga zombimyaziggya mu ttendekero lya [[University of Glasgow]]. <ref name="1R3" /> <ref name="2R3" /> <ref name="3R3">{{Cite web|url=https://khusoko.com/2022/12/09/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-as-its-first-female-board-chair/|title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair|date=9 December 2022|website=Kushoko.com|access-date=20 June 2024|last=Muindi}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Alina omulimu ogumaze emyaka egisukka mu 30 mu by’okwebuuzibwako ku nzirukanya y’emirimu, okuddukanya ebyenfuna n’eby’ensoma. Emabegako yakolako ng’omukugu mu by’enfuna omukulu mu [[:en:UN_Development_Programme|nteekateeka y’ekibiina ky’amawanga amagatte ey’enkulaakulana]] n’oluvannyuma, mu [[:en:African_Development_Bank|bbanka y’enkulaakulana eya Afrika]] . Ezimu ku mawanga ge yakwatako mu ssaawa ye mulimu [[Nigeria]], [[Angola]], [[Botswana]], [[Lesotho]], [[Malawi]], [[Mozambique]], [[Namibia]], [[South Africa]] ne [[Zimbabwe]] . Akola nga dayirekita eyeetongodde atali mukulu ku lukiiko olufuzi olwa [[:en:Access_Bank_South_Africa|Access Bank South Africa]], ng’oggyeeko okukola nga ssentebe w’olukiiko olufuzi olwa Access Bank Kenya. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=ABK |date=December 2022 |title=Barbara Barungi: Chairperson of Access Bank Kenya |url=https://kenya.accessbankplc.com/about-us/board-management-team/barbara-barungi |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=[[Access Bank Kenya]] (ABK)}}</ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=FAR |date=9 December 2022 |title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair |url=https://www.frontierafricareports.com/article/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-first-female-board-chair |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=Frontier Africa Reports (FAR)}}</ref> <ref name="4R">{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=Barbara Barungi: Managing Partner, Imara Africa |url=https://events.dlapiper.com/africa-week/barbara-barungi/ |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=[[DLA Piper]]}}</ref> Era yamala akaseera katono ng'omuwabuzi mu [[:en:Ministry_of_Finance_and_Economic_Planning_(Rwanda)|minisitule y'ebyensimbi mu Rwanda]] . Emabegako yali asomesa by’anfuna mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]], mu Uganda, ne mu [[:en:University_of_the_Witswatersrand|Yunivasite y’e Witswatersrand]] e South Afrika.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=ABK |date=December 2022 |title=Barbara Barungi: Chairperson of Access Bank Kenya |url=https://kenya.accessbankplc.com/about-us/board-management-team/barbara-barungi |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=[[Access Bank Kenya]] (ABK)}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFABK2022">ABK (December 2022). [https://kenya.accessbankplc.com/about-us/board-management-team/barbara-barungi "Barbara Barungi: Chairperson of Access Bank Kenya"]. ''[[Access Bank Kenya]] (ABK)''. Nairobi, Kenya<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=FAR |date=9 December 2022 |title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair |url=https://www.frontierafricareports.com/article/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-first-female-board-chair |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=Frontier Africa Reports (FAR)}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFFAR2022">FAR (9 December 2022). [https://www.frontierafricareports.com/article/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-first-female-board-chair "Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair"]. ''Frontier Africa Reports (FAR)''. Lagos, Nigeria<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=Muindi |date=9 December 2022 |title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair |url=https://khusoko.com/2022/12/09/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-as-its-first-female-board-chair/ |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=Kushoko.com}}</ref> == Ebirala by’okulowoozaako == Mu Ogw'okusatu 2022, [[:en:Daily_Monitor|Daily Monitor Newspaper]] yamuwandiika mu bakyala ba Uganda mwenda abaali balina ebisaanyizo okukola nga [[:en:Governor_of_the_Bank_of_Uganda|akulira banka enkulu eya Uganda]] , [[:en:CEO|Senkulu]] [[:en:CEO|wa bbanka enkulu]] mu ggwanga lino era nga ye avunaanyizibwa ku kulungamya bbanka z’eggwanga.<ref name="5R">{{Cite web |date=8 March 2022 |title=Nine Women Who Qualify For BoU Top Job |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/nine-women-who-qualify-for-bou-top-job-3740124 |access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Annet Nakawunde Mulindwa|Annet Nakawunde Mulindwa omusajja omulala]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * [https://imaraafrica.com/consulting/about/ Omukutu gwa Imara Africa Consulting] c2ahxp8a4599syp874s7ct5ljphyc7m 59272 59271 2026-07-06T12:06:43Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 corrected grammar and punctuations and spellings and de-wikilinked 59272 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Barbara Barungi''', Munnayuganda [[Economist|omukugu mu by’enfuna]], omusuubuzi era omukungu w’ebitongole era akola nga [[Managing Director|omukungu omukwanaganya]] mu kitongole kya Imara Africa Consulting, ekitongolen ekigatta amawanga ga Africa ekyebuuzibwako ku by’enfuna, eby'obusuubuzi n'enkola nga kirina ofiisi mu Nigeria, Kenya ne Uganda. Mu kiseera kye kimu akola nga ssentebe atali mukulu ku lukiiko olufuzi olwa [[Access Bank Kenya]], nga ye mukyala eyasooka okuweereza mu kifo ekyo. <ref name="1R2">{{Cite web|date=December 2022|url=https://kenya.accessbankplc.com/about-us/board-management-team/barbara-barungi|title=Barbara Barungi: Chairperson of Access Bank Kenya|website=[[Access Bank Kenya]] (ABK)|last=ABK|access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> <ref name="2R2">{{Cite web|website=Frontier Africa Reports (FAR)|url=https://www.frontierafricareports.com/article/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-first-female-board-chair|title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair|date=9 December 2022|last=FAR|access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> <ref name="3R2">{{Cite web|url=https://khusoko.com/2022/12/09/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-as-its-first-female-board-chair/|title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair|date=9 December 2022|website=Kushoko.com|access-date=20 June 2024|last=Muindi}}</ref> == Obuto n'okusoma kwe == Barungi Munnayuganda, yazaalibwa okumo n'emyaka gya 1970. Yasomera mu masomero ga pulayimale ne siniya ag’oku kitundu. Yaweebwa ekifo mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]], yunivasite ya gavumenti esinga obunene era esinga obukadde mu ggwanga. Yatikkirwa diguli Esooka eya [[Bachelor of Arts]] mu [[by'enfuna]] n'e[[byenkwatagana z'abantu]]. <ref name="1R3">{{Cite web|date=December 2022|url=https://kenya.accessbankplc.com/about-us/board-management-team/barbara-barungi|title=Barbara Barungi: Chairperson of Access Bank Kenya|website=[[Access Bank Kenya]] (ABK)|last=ABK|access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> <ref name="2R3">{{Cite web|website=Frontier Africa Reports (FAR)|url=https://www.frontierafricareports.com/article/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-first-female-board-chair|title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair|date=9 December 2022|last=FAR|access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> Yagenda mu maaso n'afuna [[dipulooma]] mu [[nkola z'eby'enkulaakulana]] ne diguli eyookusatu mu ssomo ly'[[Y'ebyensimbi mu nsi yonna|y'eby'ensimbi mu nsi yonna]], nga zombimyaziggya mu ttendekero lya [[University of Glasgow]]. <ref name="1R3" /> <ref name="2R3" /> <ref name="3R3">{{Cite web|url=https://khusoko.com/2022/12/09/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-as-its-first-female-board-chair/|title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair|date=9 December 2022|website=Kushoko.com|access-date=20 June 2024|last=Muindi}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Alina omulimu ogumaze emyaka egisukka mu 30 mu by’okwebuuzibwako ku nzirukanya y’emirimu, okuddukanya ebyenfuna n’eby’ensoma. Emabegako yakolako ng’omukugu mu by’enfuna omukulu mu [[nteekateeka y’ekibiina ky’amawanga amagatte ey’enkulaakulana]] n’oluvannyuma, mu bbanka ya [[African Development Bank]]. Ezimu ku mawanga ge yakwatako mu ssaawa ye mulimu [[Nigeria]], [[Angola]], [[Botswana]], [[Lesotho]], [[Malawi]], [[Mozambique]], [[Namibia]], [[South Africa]] ne [[Zimbabwe]] . Akola nga dayirekita eyeetongodde atali mukulu ku lukiiko olufuzi olwa [[:en:Access_Bank_South_Africa|Access Bank South Africa]], ng’oggyeeko okukola nga ssentebe w’olukiiko olufuzi olwa Access Bank Kenya. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=ABK |date=December 2022 |title=Barbara Barungi: Chairperson of Access Bank Kenya |url=https://kenya.accessbankplc.com/about-us/board-management-team/barbara-barungi |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=[[Access Bank Kenya]] (ABK)}}</ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=FAR |date=9 December 2022 |title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair |url=https://www.frontierafricareports.com/article/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-first-female-board-chair |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=Frontier Africa Reports (FAR)}}</ref> <ref name="4R">{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=Barbara Barungi: Managing Partner, Imara Africa |url=https://events.dlapiper.com/africa-week/barbara-barungi/ |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=[[DLA Piper]]}}</ref> Era yamala akaseera akatono ng'omuwabuzi mu [[:en:Ministry_of_Finance_and_Economic_Planning_(Rwanda)|minisitule y'ebyensimbi mu Rwanda]] . Emabegako yali asomesa by’anfuna mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]], mu Uganda, ne mu [[Yunivasite y’e Witswatersrand|University of Witswatersrand]] e South Africa.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=ABK |date=December 2022 |title=Barbara Barungi: Chairperson of Access Bank Kenya |url=https://kenya.accessbankplc.com/about-us/board-management-team/barbara-barungi |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=[[Access Bank Kenya]] (ABK)}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFABK2022">ABK (December 2022). [https://kenya.accessbankplc.com/about-us/board-management-team/barbara-barungi "Barbara Barungi: Chairperson of Access Bank Kenya"]. ''[[Access Bank Kenya]] (ABK)''. Nairobi, Kenya<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=FAR |date=9 December 2022 |title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair |url=https://www.frontierafricareports.com/article/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-first-female-board-chair |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=Frontier Africa Reports (FAR)}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFFAR2022">FAR (9 December 2022). [https://www.frontierafricareports.com/article/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-first-female-board-chair "Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair"]. ''Frontier Africa Reports (FAR)''. Lagos, Nigeria<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=Muindi |date=9 December 2022 |title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair |url=https://khusoko.com/2022/12/09/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-as-its-first-female-board-chair/ |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=Kushoko.com}}</ref> == Ebirala by’okulowoozaako == Mu Ogw'okusatu 2022, [[:en:Daily_Monitor|Daily Monitor Newspaper]] yamuwandiika mu bakyala ba Uganda mwenda abaali balina ebisaanyizo okukola nga [[:en:Governor_of_the_Bank_of_Uganda|akulira banka enkulu eya Uganda]] , [[:en:CEO|Senkulu]] [[:en:CEO|wa bbanka enkulu]] mu ggwanga lino era nga ye avunaanyizibwa ku kulungamya bbanka z’eggwanga.<ref name="5R">{{Cite web |date=8 March 2022 |title=Nine Women Who Qualify For BoU Top Job |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/nine-women-who-qualify-for-bou-top-job-3740124 |access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Annet Nakawunde Mulindwa|Annet Nakawunde Mulindwa omusajja omulala]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * [https://imaraafrica.com/consulting/about/ Omukutu gwa Imara Africa Consulting] ng39giet1l252unhpit6hlc56c93t8y 59273 59272 2026-07-06T12:11:47Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 corrected grammar and punctuations and spellings and de-wikilinked 59273 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Barbara Barungi''', Munnayuganda [[Economist|omukugu mu by’enfuna]], omusuubuzi era omukungu w’ebitongole era akola nga [[Managing Director|omukungu omukwanaganya]] mu kitongole kya Imara Africa Consulting, ekitongolen ekigatta amawanga ga Africa ekyebuuzibwako ku by’enfuna, eby'obusuubuzi n'enkola nga kirina ofiisi mu Nigeria, Kenya ne Uganda. Mu kiseera kye kimu akola nga ssentebe atali mukulu ku lukiiko olufuzi olwa [[Access Bank Kenya]], nga ye mukyala eyasooka okuweereza mu kifo ekyo. <ref name="1R2">{{Cite web|date=December 2022|url=https://kenya.accessbankplc.com/about-us/board-management-team/barbara-barungi|title=Barbara Barungi: Chairperson of Access Bank Kenya|website=[[Access Bank Kenya]] (ABK)|last=ABK|access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> <ref name="2R2">{{Cite web|website=Frontier Africa Reports (FAR)|url=https://www.frontierafricareports.com/article/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-first-female-board-chair|title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair|date=9 December 2022|last=FAR|access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> <ref name="3R2">{{Cite web|url=https://khusoko.com/2022/12/09/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-as-its-first-female-board-chair/|title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair|date=9 December 2022|website=Kushoko.com|access-date=20 June 2024|last=Muindi}}</ref> == Obuto n'okusoma kwe == Barungi Munnayuganda, yazaalibwa okumo n'emyaka gya 1970. Yasomera mu masomero ga pulayimale ne siniya ag’oku kitundu. Yaweebwa ekifo mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]], yunivasite ya gavumenti esinga obunene era esinga obukadde mu ggwanga. Yatikkirwa diguli Esooka eya [[Bachelor of Arts]] mu [[by'enfuna]] n'e[[byenkwatagana z'abantu]]. <ref name="1R3">{{Cite web|date=December 2022|url=https://kenya.accessbankplc.com/about-us/board-management-team/barbara-barungi|title=Barbara Barungi: Chairperson of Access Bank Kenya|website=[[Access Bank Kenya]] (ABK)|last=ABK|access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> <ref name="2R3">{{Cite web|website=Frontier Africa Reports (FAR)|url=https://www.frontierafricareports.com/article/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-first-female-board-chair|title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair|date=9 December 2022|last=FAR|access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> Yagenda mu maaso n'afuna [[dipulooma]] mu [[nkola z'eby'enkulaakulana]] ne diguli eyookusatu mu ssomo ly'[[Y'ebyensimbi mu nsi yonna|y'eby'ensimbi mu nsi yonna]], nga zombimyaziggya mu ttendekero lya [[University of Glasgow]]. <ref name="1R3" /> <ref name="2R3" /> <ref name="3R3">{{Cite web|url=https://khusoko.com/2022/12/09/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-as-its-first-female-board-chair/|title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair|date=9 December 2022|website=Kushoko.com|access-date=20 June 2024|last=Muindi}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Alina omulimu ogumaze emyaka egisukka mu 30 mu by’okwebuuzibwako ku nzirukanya y’emirimu, okuddukanya ebyenfuna n’eby’ensoma. Emabegako yakolako ng’omukugu mu by’enfuna omukulu mu [[nteekateeka y’ekibiina ky’amawanga amagatte ey’enkulaakulana]] n’oluvannyuma, mu bbanka ya [[African Development Bank]]. Ezimu ku mawanga ge yakwatako mu ssaawa ye mulimu [[Nigeria]], [[Angola]], [[Botswana]], [[Lesotho]], [[Malawi]], [[Mozambique]], [[Namibia]], [[South Africa]] ne [[Zimbabwe]] . Akola nga dayirekita eyeetongodde atali mukulu ku lukiiko olufuzi olwa [[:en:Access_Bank_South_Africa|Access Bank South Africa]], ng’oggyeeko okukola nga ssentebe w’olukiiko olufuzi olwa Access Bank Kenya. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=ABK |date=December 2022 |title=Barbara Barungi: Chairperson of Access Bank Kenya |url=https://kenya.accessbankplc.com/about-us/board-management-team/barbara-barungi |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=[[Access Bank Kenya]] (ABK)}}</ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=FAR |date=9 December 2022 |title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair |url=https://www.frontierafricareports.com/article/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-first-female-board-chair |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=Frontier Africa Reports (FAR)}}</ref> <ref name="4R">{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=Barbara Barungi: Managing Partner, Imara Africa |url=https://events.dlapiper.com/africa-week/barbara-barungi/ |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=[[DLA Piper]]}}</ref> Era yamala akaseera akatono ng'omuwabuzi mu [[minisitule y'ebyensimbi mu Rwanda]] . Emabegako yali asomesa by’anfuna mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]], mu Uganda, ne mu [[Yunivasite y’e Witswatersrand|University of Witswatersrand]] e South Africa.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=ABK |date=December 2022 |title=Barbara Barungi: Chairperson of Access Bank Kenya |url=https://kenya.accessbankplc.com/about-us/board-management-team/barbara-barungi |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=[[Access Bank Kenya]] (ABK)}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFABK2022">ABK (December 2022). [https://kenya.accessbankplc.com/about-us/board-management-team/barbara-barungi "Barbara Barungi: Chairperson of Access Bank Kenya"]. ''[[Access Bank Kenya]] (ABK)''. Nairobi, Kenya<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=FAR |date=9 December 2022 |title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair |url=https://www.frontierafricareports.com/article/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-first-female-board-chair |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=Frontier Africa Reports (FAR)}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFFAR2022">FAR (9 December 2022). [https://www.frontierafricareports.com/article/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-first-female-board-chair "Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair"]. ''Frontier Africa Reports (FAR)''. Lagos, Nigeria<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=Muindi |date=9 December 2022 |title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair |url=https://khusoko.com/2022/12/09/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-as-its-first-female-board-chair/ |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=Kushoko.com}}</ref> == Ebirala by’okulowoozaako == Mu Ogw'okusatu 2022, [[Daily Monitor Newspaper]] yamuwandiikako mu bakyala ba Uganda omwenda abaali balina ebisaanyizo okukola nga [[akulira banka enkulu eya Uganda]], [[Senkulu]] wa [[bbanka enkulu]] mu ggwanga lino era nga ye avunaanyizibwa ku kulungamya bbanka z’eggwanga.<ref name="5R">{{Cite web |date=8 March 2022 |title=Nine Women Who Qualify For BoU Top Job |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/nine-women-who-qualify-for-bou-top-job-3740124 |access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Annet Nakawunde Mulindwa]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * [https://imaraafrica.com/consulting/about/ Omukutu gwa Imara Africa Consulting] o3kx8xuqpiyv0ffuot3a56ktdi1tys5 59274 59273 2026-07-06T12:12:34Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added new category 59274 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Barbara Barungi''', Munnayuganda [[Economist|omukugu mu by’enfuna]], omusuubuzi era omukungu w’ebitongole era akola nga [[Managing Director|omukungu omukwanaganya]] mu kitongole kya Imara Africa Consulting, ekitongolen ekigatta amawanga ga Africa ekyebuuzibwako ku by’enfuna, eby'obusuubuzi n'enkola nga kirina ofiisi mu Nigeria, Kenya ne Uganda. Mu kiseera kye kimu akola nga ssentebe atali mukulu ku lukiiko olufuzi olwa [[Access Bank Kenya]], nga ye mukyala eyasooka okuweereza mu kifo ekyo. <ref name="1R2">{{Cite web|date=December 2022|url=https://kenya.accessbankplc.com/about-us/board-management-team/barbara-barungi|title=Barbara Barungi: Chairperson of Access Bank Kenya|website=[[Access Bank Kenya]] (ABK)|last=ABK|access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> <ref name="2R2">{{Cite web|website=Frontier Africa Reports (FAR)|url=https://www.frontierafricareports.com/article/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-first-female-board-chair|title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair|date=9 December 2022|last=FAR|access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> <ref name="3R2">{{Cite web|url=https://khusoko.com/2022/12/09/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-as-its-first-female-board-chair/|title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair|date=9 December 2022|website=Kushoko.com|access-date=20 June 2024|last=Muindi}}</ref> == Obuto n'okusoma kwe == Barungi Munnayuganda, yazaalibwa okumo n'emyaka gya 1970. Yasomera mu masomero ga pulayimale ne siniya ag’oku kitundu. Yaweebwa ekifo mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]], yunivasite ya gavumenti esinga obunene era esinga obukadde mu ggwanga. Yatikkirwa diguli Esooka eya [[Bachelor of Arts]] mu [[by'enfuna]] n'e[[byenkwatagana z'abantu]]. <ref name="1R3">{{Cite web|date=December 2022|url=https://kenya.accessbankplc.com/about-us/board-management-team/barbara-barungi|title=Barbara Barungi: Chairperson of Access Bank Kenya|website=[[Access Bank Kenya]] (ABK)|last=ABK|access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> <ref name="2R3">{{Cite web|website=Frontier Africa Reports (FAR)|url=https://www.frontierafricareports.com/article/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-first-female-board-chair|title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair|date=9 December 2022|last=FAR|access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> Yagenda mu maaso n'afuna [[dipulooma]] mu [[nkola z'eby'enkulaakulana]] ne diguli eyookusatu mu ssomo ly'[[Y'ebyensimbi mu nsi yonna|y'eby'ensimbi mu nsi yonna]], nga zombimyaziggya mu ttendekero lya [[University of Glasgow]]. <ref name="1R3" /> <ref name="2R3" /> <ref name="3R3">{{Cite web|url=https://khusoko.com/2022/12/09/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-as-its-first-female-board-chair/|title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair|date=9 December 2022|website=Kushoko.com|access-date=20 June 2024|last=Muindi}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Alina omulimu ogumaze emyaka egisukka mu 30 mu by’okwebuuzibwako ku nzirukanya y’emirimu, okuddukanya ebyenfuna n’eby’ensoma. Emabegako yakolako ng’omukugu mu by’enfuna omukulu mu [[nteekateeka y’ekibiina ky’amawanga amagatte ey’enkulaakulana]] n’oluvannyuma, mu bbanka ya [[African Development Bank]]. Ezimu ku mawanga ge yakwatako mu ssaawa ye mulimu [[Nigeria]], [[Angola]], [[Botswana]], [[Lesotho]], [[Malawi]], [[Mozambique]], [[Namibia]], [[South Africa]] ne [[Zimbabwe]] . Akola nga dayirekita eyeetongodde atali mukulu ku lukiiko olufuzi olwa [[:en:Access_Bank_South_Africa|Access Bank South Africa]], ng’oggyeeko okukola nga ssentebe w’olukiiko olufuzi olwa Access Bank Kenya. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=ABK |date=December 2022 |title=Barbara Barungi: Chairperson of Access Bank Kenya |url=https://kenya.accessbankplc.com/about-us/board-management-team/barbara-barungi |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=[[Access Bank Kenya]] (ABK)}}</ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=FAR |date=9 December 2022 |title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair |url=https://www.frontierafricareports.com/article/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-first-female-board-chair |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=Frontier Africa Reports (FAR)}}</ref> <ref name="4R">{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=Barbara Barungi: Managing Partner, Imara Africa |url=https://events.dlapiper.com/africa-week/barbara-barungi/ |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=[[DLA Piper]]}}</ref> Era yamala akaseera akatono ng'omuwabuzi mu [[minisitule y'ebyensimbi mu Rwanda]] . Emabegako yali asomesa by’anfuna mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]], mu Uganda, ne mu [[Yunivasite y’e Witswatersrand|University of Witswatersrand]] e South Africa.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=ABK |date=December 2022 |title=Barbara Barungi: Chairperson of Access Bank Kenya |url=https://kenya.accessbankplc.com/about-us/board-management-team/barbara-barungi |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=[[Access Bank Kenya]] (ABK)}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFABK2022">ABK (December 2022). [https://kenya.accessbankplc.com/about-us/board-management-team/barbara-barungi "Barbara Barungi: Chairperson of Access Bank Kenya"]. ''[[Access Bank Kenya]] (ABK)''. Nairobi, Kenya<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=FAR |date=9 December 2022 |title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair |url=https://www.frontierafricareports.com/article/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-first-female-board-chair |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=Frontier Africa Reports (FAR)}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFFAR2022">FAR (9 December 2022). [https://www.frontierafricareports.com/article/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-first-female-board-chair "Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair"]. ''Frontier Africa Reports (FAR)''. Lagos, Nigeria<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=Muindi |date=9 December 2022 |title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair |url=https://khusoko.com/2022/12/09/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-as-its-first-female-board-chair/ |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=Kushoko.com}}</ref> == Ebirala by’okulowoozaako == Mu Ogw'okusatu 2022, [[Daily Monitor Newspaper]] yamuwandiikako mu bakyala ba Uganda omwenda abaali balina ebisaanyizo okukola nga [[akulira banka enkulu eya Uganda]], [[Senkulu]] wa [[bbanka enkulu]] mu ggwanga lino era nga ye avunaanyizibwa ku kulungamya bbanka z’eggwanga.<ref name="5R">{{Cite web |date=8 March 2022 |title=Nine Women Who Qualify For BoU Top Job |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/nine-women-who-qualify-for-bou-top-job-3740124 |access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Annet Nakawunde Mulindwa]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * [https://imaraafrica.com/consulting/about/ Omukutu gwa Imara Africa Consulting] [[Category:Abantu balamu]] mqfikfyogbtu1zqu2dfg0wwzi4s0o9l 59277 59274 2026-07-06T12:14:07Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added new category 59277 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Barbara Barungi''', Munnayuganda [[Economist|omukugu mu by’enfuna]], omusuubuzi era omukungu w’ebitongole era akola nga [[Managing Director|omukungu omukwanaganya]] mu kitongole kya Imara Africa Consulting, ekitongolen ekigatta amawanga ga Africa ekyebuuzibwako ku by’enfuna, eby'obusuubuzi n'enkola nga kirina ofiisi mu Nigeria, Kenya ne Uganda. Mu kiseera kye kimu akola nga ssentebe atali mukulu ku lukiiko olufuzi olwa [[Access Bank Kenya]], nga ye mukyala eyasooka okuweereza mu kifo ekyo. <ref name="1R2">{{Cite web|date=December 2022|url=https://kenya.accessbankplc.com/about-us/board-management-team/barbara-barungi|title=Barbara Barungi: Chairperson of Access Bank Kenya|website=[[Access Bank Kenya]] (ABK)|last=ABK|access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> <ref name="2R2">{{Cite web|website=Frontier Africa Reports (FAR)|url=https://www.frontierafricareports.com/article/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-first-female-board-chair|title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair|date=9 December 2022|last=FAR|access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> <ref name="3R2">{{Cite web|url=https://khusoko.com/2022/12/09/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-as-its-first-female-board-chair/|title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair|date=9 December 2022|website=Kushoko.com|access-date=20 June 2024|last=Muindi}}</ref> == Obuto n'okusoma kwe == Barungi Munnayuganda, yazaalibwa okumo n'emyaka gya 1970. Yasomera mu masomero ga pulayimale ne siniya ag’oku kitundu. Yaweebwa ekifo mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]], yunivasite ya gavumenti esinga obunene era esinga obukadde mu ggwanga. Yatikkirwa diguli Esooka eya [[Bachelor of Arts]] mu [[by'enfuna]] n'e[[byenkwatagana z'abantu]]. <ref name="1R3">{{Cite web|date=December 2022|url=https://kenya.accessbankplc.com/about-us/board-management-team/barbara-barungi|title=Barbara Barungi: Chairperson of Access Bank Kenya|website=[[Access Bank Kenya]] (ABK)|last=ABK|access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> <ref name="2R3">{{Cite web|website=Frontier Africa Reports (FAR)|url=https://www.frontierafricareports.com/article/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-first-female-board-chair|title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair|date=9 December 2022|last=FAR|access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> Yagenda mu maaso n'afuna [[dipulooma]] mu [[nkola z'eby'enkulaakulana]] ne diguli eyookusatu mu ssomo ly'[[Y'ebyensimbi mu nsi yonna|y'eby'ensimbi mu nsi yonna]], nga zombimyaziggya mu ttendekero lya [[University of Glasgow]]. <ref name="1R3" /> <ref name="2R3" /> <ref name="3R3">{{Cite web|url=https://khusoko.com/2022/12/09/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-as-its-first-female-board-chair/|title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair|date=9 December 2022|website=Kushoko.com|access-date=20 June 2024|last=Muindi}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Alina omulimu ogumaze emyaka egisukka mu 30 mu by’okwebuuzibwako ku nzirukanya y’emirimu, okuddukanya ebyenfuna n’eby’ensoma. Emabegako yakolako ng’omukugu mu by’enfuna omukulu mu [[nteekateeka y’ekibiina ky’amawanga amagatte ey’enkulaakulana]] n’oluvannyuma, mu bbanka ya [[African Development Bank]]. Ezimu ku mawanga ge yakwatako mu ssaawa ye mulimu [[Nigeria]], [[Angola]], [[Botswana]], [[Lesotho]], [[Malawi]], [[Mozambique]], [[Namibia]], [[South Africa]] ne [[Zimbabwe]] . Akola nga dayirekita eyeetongodde atali mukulu ku lukiiko olufuzi olwa [[:en:Access_Bank_South_Africa|Access Bank South Africa]], ng’oggyeeko okukola nga ssentebe w’olukiiko olufuzi olwa Access Bank Kenya. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=ABK |date=December 2022 |title=Barbara Barungi: Chairperson of Access Bank Kenya |url=https://kenya.accessbankplc.com/about-us/board-management-team/barbara-barungi |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=[[Access Bank Kenya]] (ABK)}}</ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=FAR |date=9 December 2022 |title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair |url=https://www.frontierafricareports.com/article/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-first-female-board-chair |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=Frontier Africa Reports (FAR)}}</ref> <ref name="4R">{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=Barbara Barungi: Managing Partner, Imara Africa |url=https://events.dlapiper.com/africa-week/barbara-barungi/ |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=[[DLA Piper]]}}</ref> Era yamala akaseera akatono ng'omuwabuzi mu [[minisitule y'ebyensimbi mu Rwanda]] . Emabegako yali asomesa by’anfuna mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]], mu Uganda, ne mu [[Yunivasite y’e Witswatersrand|University of Witswatersrand]] e South Africa.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=ABK |date=December 2022 |title=Barbara Barungi: Chairperson of Access Bank Kenya |url=https://kenya.accessbankplc.com/about-us/board-management-team/barbara-barungi |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=[[Access Bank Kenya]] (ABK)}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFABK2022">ABK (December 2022). [https://kenya.accessbankplc.com/about-us/board-management-team/barbara-barungi "Barbara Barungi: Chairperson of Access Bank Kenya"]. ''[[Access Bank Kenya]] (ABK)''. Nairobi, Kenya<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=FAR |date=9 December 2022 |title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair |url=https://www.frontierafricareports.com/article/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-first-female-board-chair |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=Frontier Africa Reports (FAR)}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFFAR2022">FAR (9 December 2022). [https://www.frontierafricareports.com/article/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-first-female-board-chair "Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair"]. ''Frontier Africa Reports (FAR)''. Lagos, Nigeria<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=Muindi |date=9 December 2022 |title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair |url=https://khusoko.com/2022/12/09/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-as-its-first-female-board-chair/ |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=Kushoko.com}}</ref> == Ebirala by’okulowoozaako == Mu Ogw'okusatu 2022, [[Daily Monitor Newspaper]] yamuwandiikako mu bakyala ba Uganda omwenda abaali balina ebisaanyizo okukola nga [[akulira banka enkulu eya Uganda]], [[Senkulu]] wa [[bbanka enkulu]] mu ggwanga lino era nga ye avunaanyizibwa ku kulungamya bbanka z’eggwanga.<ref name="5R">{{Cite web |date=8 March 2022 |title=Nine Women Who Qualify For BoU Top Job |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/nine-women-who-qualify-for-bou-top-job-3740124 |access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Annet Nakawunde Mulindwa]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * [https://imaraafrica.com/consulting/about/ Omukutu gwa Imara Africa Consulting] [[Category:Abantu balamu]] [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu gya 1970]] mtjfaxno8mq1231al8spwriq3iwuz5t 59279 59277 2026-07-06T12:16:21Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added new category 59279 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Barbara Barungi''', Munnayuganda [[Economist|omukugu mu by’enfuna]], omusuubuzi era omukungu w’ebitongole era akola nga [[Managing Director|omukungu omukwanaganya]] mu kitongole kya Imara Africa Consulting, ekitongolen ekigatta amawanga ga Africa ekyebuuzibwako ku by’enfuna, eby'obusuubuzi n'enkola nga kirina ofiisi mu Nigeria, Kenya ne Uganda. Mu kiseera kye kimu akola nga ssentebe atali mukulu ku lukiiko olufuzi olwa [[Access Bank Kenya]], nga ye mukyala eyasooka okuweereza mu kifo ekyo. <ref name="1R2">{{Cite web|date=December 2022|url=https://kenya.accessbankplc.com/about-us/board-management-team/barbara-barungi|title=Barbara Barungi: Chairperson of Access Bank Kenya|website=[[Access Bank Kenya]] (ABK)|last=ABK|access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> <ref name="2R2">{{Cite web|website=Frontier Africa Reports (FAR)|url=https://www.frontierafricareports.com/article/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-first-female-board-chair|title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair|date=9 December 2022|last=FAR|access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> <ref name="3R2">{{Cite web|url=https://khusoko.com/2022/12/09/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-as-its-first-female-board-chair/|title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair|date=9 December 2022|website=Kushoko.com|access-date=20 June 2024|last=Muindi}}</ref> == Obuto n'okusoma kwe == Barungi Munnayuganda, yazaalibwa okumo n'emyaka gya 1970. Yasomera mu masomero ga pulayimale ne siniya ag’oku kitundu. Yaweebwa ekifo mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]], yunivasite ya gavumenti esinga obunene era esinga obukadde mu ggwanga. Yatikkirwa diguli Esooka eya [[Bachelor of Arts]] mu [[by'enfuna]] n'e[[byenkwatagana z'abantu]]. <ref name="1R3">{{Cite web|date=December 2022|url=https://kenya.accessbankplc.com/about-us/board-management-team/barbara-barungi|title=Barbara Barungi: Chairperson of Access Bank Kenya|website=[[Access Bank Kenya]] (ABK)|last=ABK|access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> <ref name="2R3">{{Cite web|website=Frontier Africa Reports (FAR)|url=https://www.frontierafricareports.com/article/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-first-female-board-chair|title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair|date=9 December 2022|last=FAR|access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> Yagenda mu maaso n'afuna [[dipulooma]] mu [[nkola z'eby'enkulaakulana]] ne diguli eyookusatu mu ssomo ly'[[Y'ebyensimbi mu nsi yonna|y'eby'ensimbi mu nsi yonna]], nga zombimyaziggya mu ttendekero lya [[University of Glasgow]]. <ref name="1R3" /> <ref name="2R3" /> <ref name="3R3">{{Cite web|url=https://khusoko.com/2022/12/09/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-as-its-first-female-board-chair/|title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair|date=9 December 2022|website=Kushoko.com|access-date=20 June 2024|last=Muindi}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Alina omulimu ogumaze emyaka egisukka mu 30 mu by’okwebuuzibwako ku nzirukanya y’emirimu, okuddukanya ebyenfuna n’eby’ensoma. Emabegako yakolako ng’omukugu mu by’enfuna omukulu mu [[nteekateeka y’ekibiina ky’amawanga amagatte ey’enkulaakulana]] n’oluvannyuma, mu bbanka ya [[African Development Bank]]. Ezimu ku mawanga ge yakwatako mu ssaawa ye mulimu [[Nigeria]], [[Angola]], [[Botswana]], [[Lesotho]], [[Malawi]], [[Mozambique]], [[Namibia]], [[South Africa]] ne [[Zimbabwe]] . Akola nga dayirekita eyeetongodde atali mukulu ku lukiiko olufuzi olwa [[:en:Access_Bank_South_Africa|Access Bank South Africa]], ng’oggyeeko okukola nga ssentebe w’olukiiko olufuzi olwa Access Bank Kenya. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=ABK |date=December 2022 |title=Barbara Barungi: Chairperson of Access Bank Kenya |url=https://kenya.accessbankplc.com/about-us/board-management-team/barbara-barungi |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=[[Access Bank Kenya]] (ABK)}}</ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=FAR |date=9 December 2022 |title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair |url=https://www.frontierafricareports.com/article/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-first-female-board-chair |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=Frontier Africa Reports (FAR)}}</ref> <ref name="4R">{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=Barbara Barungi: Managing Partner, Imara Africa |url=https://events.dlapiper.com/africa-week/barbara-barungi/ |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=[[DLA Piper]]}}</ref> Era yamala akaseera akatono ng'omuwabuzi mu [[minisitule y'ebyensimbi mu Rwanda]] . Emabegako yali asomesa by’anfuna mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]], mu Uganda, ne mu [[Yunivasite y’e Witswatersrand|University of Witswatersrand]] e South Africa.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=ABK |date=December 2022 |title=Barbara Barungi: Chairperson of Access Bank Kenya |url=https://kenya.accessbankplc.com/about-us/board-management-team/barbara-barungi |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=[[Access Bank Kenya]] (ABK)}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFABK2022">ABK (December 2022). [https://kenya.accessbankplc.com/about-us/board-management-team/barbara-barungi "Barbara Barungi: Chairperson of Access Bank Kenya"]. ''[[Access Bank Kenya]] (ABK)''. Nairobi, Kenya<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=FAR |date=9 December 2022 |title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair |url=https://www.frontierafricareports.com/article/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-first-female-board-chair |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=Frontier Africa Reports (FAR)}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFFAR2022">FAR (9 December 2022). [https://www.frontierafricareports.com/article/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-first-female-board-chair "Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair"]. ''Frontier Africa Reports (FAR)''. Lagos, Nigeria<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=Muindi |date=9 December 2022 |title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair |url=https://khusoko.com/2022/12/09/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-as-its-first-female-board-chair/ |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=Kushoko.com}}</ref> == Ebirala by’okulowoozaako == Mu Ogw'okusatu 2022, [[Daily Monitor Newspaper]] yamuwandiikako mu bakyala ba Uganda omwenda abaali balina ebisaanyizo okukola nga [[akulira banka enkulu eya Uganda]], [[Senkulu]] wa [[bbanka enkulu]] mu ggwanga lino era nga ye avunaanyizibwa ku kulungamya bbanka z’eggwanga.<ref name="5R">{{Cite web |date=8 March 2022 |title=Nine Women Who Qualify For BoU Top Job |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/nine-women-who-qualify-for-bou-top-job-3740124 |access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Annet Nakawunde Mulindwa]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * [https://imaraafrica.com/consulting/about/ Omukutu gwa Imara Africa Consulting] [[Category:Abantu balamu]] [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu gya 1970]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abasuubuzi ab'Ekyasa ky'Abirimwekimu]] 05u9nr8n5x7ybolqi0ayw73ztcodrfk 59282 59279 2026-07-06T12:18:28Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added new category 59282 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Barbara Barungi''', Munnayuganda [[Economist|omukugu mu by’enfuna]], omusuubuzi era omukungu w’ebitongole era akola nga [[Managing Director|omukungu omukwanaganya]] mu kitongole kya Imara Africa Consulting, ekitongolen ekigatta amawanga ga Africa ekyebuuzibwako ku by’enfuna, eby'obusuubuzi n'enkola nga kirina ofiisi mu Nigeria, Kenya ne Uganda. Mu kiseera kye kimu akola nga ssentebe atali mukulu ku lukiiko olufuzi olwa [[Access Bank Kenya]], nga ye mukyala eyasooka okuweereza mu kifo ekyo. <ref name="1R2">{{Cite web|date=December 2022|url=https://kenya.accessbankplc.com/about-us/board-management-team/barbara-barungi|title=Barbara Barungi: Chairperson of Access Bank Kenya|website=[[Access Bank Kenya]] (ABK)|last=ABK|access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> <ref name="2R2">{{Cite web|website=Frontier Africa Reports (FAR)|url=https://www.frontierafricareports.com/article/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-first-female-board-chair|title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair|date=9 December 2022|last=FAR|access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> <ref name="3R2">{{Cite web|url=https://khusoko.com/2022/12/09/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-as-its-first-female-board-chair/|title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair|date=9 December 2022|website=Kushoko.com|access-date=20 June 2024|last=Muindi}}</ref> == Obuto n'okusoma kwe == Barungi Munnayuganda, yazaalibwa okumo n'emyaka gya 1970. Yasomera mu masomero ga pulayimale ne siniya ag’oku kitundu. Yaweebwa ekifo mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]], yunivasite ya gavumenti esinga obunene era esinga obukadde mu ggwanga. Yatikkirwa diguli Esooka eya [[Bachelor of Arts]] mu [[by'enfuna]] n'e[[byenkwatagana z'abantu]]. <ref name="1R3">{{Cite web|date=December 2022|url=https://kenya.accessbankplc.com/about-us/board-management-team/barbara-barungi|title=Barbara Barungi: Chairperson of Access Bank Kenya|website=[[Access Bank Kenya]] (ABK)|last=ABK|access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> <ref name="2R3">{{Cite web|website=Frontier Africa Reports (FAR)|url=https://www.frontierafricareports.com/article/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-first-female-board-chair|title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair|date=9 December 2022|last=FAR|access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> Yagenda mu maaso n'afuna [[dipulooma]] mu [[nkola z'eby'enkulaakulana]] ne diguli eyookusatu mu ssomo ly'[[Y'ebyensimbi mu nsi yonna|y'eby'ensimbi mu nsi yonna]], nga zombimyaziggya mu ttendekero lya [[University of Glasgow]]. <ref name="1R3" /> <ref name="2R3" /> <ref name="3R3">{{Cite web|url=https://khusoko.com/2022/12/09/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-as-its-first-female-board-chair/|title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair|date=9 December 2022|website=Kushoko.com|access-date=20 June 2024|last=Muindi}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Alina omulimu ogumaze emyaka egisukka mu 30 mu by’okwebuuzibwako ku nzirukanya y’emirimu, okuddukanya ebyenfuna n’eby’ensoma. Emabegako yakolako ng’omukugu mu by’enfuna omukulu mu [[nteekateeka y’ekibiina ky’amawanga amagatte ey’enkulaakulana]] n’oluvannyuma, mu bbanka ya [[African Development Bank]]. Ezimu ku mawanga ge yakwatako mu ssaawa ye mulimu [[Nigeria]], [[Angola]], [[Botswana]], [[Lesotho]], [[Malawi]], [[Mozambique]], [[Namibia]], [[South Africa]] ne [[Zimbabwe]] . Akola nga dayirekita eyeetongodde atali mukulu ku lukiiko olufuzi olwa [[:en:Access_Bank_South_Africa|Access Bank South Africa]], ng’oggyeeko okukola nga ssentebe w’olukiiko olufuzi olwa Access Bank Kenya. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=ABK |date=December 2022 |title=Barbara Barungi: Chairperson of Access Bank Kenya |url=https://kenya.accessbankplc.com/about-us/board-management-team/barbara-barungi |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=[[Access Bank Kenya]] (ABK)}}</ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=FAR |date=9 December 2022 |title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair |url=https://www.frontierafricareports.com/article/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-first-female-board-chair |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=Frontier Africa Reports (FAR)}}</ref> <ref name="4R">{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=Barbara Barungi: Managing Partner, Imara Africa |url=https://events.dlapiper.com/africa-week/barbara-barungi/ |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=[[DLA Piper]]}}</ref> Era yamala akaseera akatono ng'omuwabuzi mu [[minisitule y'ebyensimbi mu Rwanda]] . Emabegako yali asomesa by’anfuna mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]], mu Uganda, ne mu [[Yunivasite y’e Witswatersrand|University of Witswatersrand]] e South Africa.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=ABK |date=December 2022 |title=Barbara Barungi: Chairperson of Access Bank Kenya |url=https://kenya.accessbankplc.com/about-us/board-management-team/barbara-barungi |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=[[Access Bank Kenya]] (ABK)}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFABK2022">ABK (December 2022). [https://kenya.accessbankplc.com/about-us/board-management-team/barbara-barungi "Barbara Barungi: Chairperson of Access Bank Kenya"]. ''[[Access Bank Kenya]] (ABK)''. Nairobi, Kenya<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=FAR |date=9 December 2022 |title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair |url=https://www.frontierafricareports.com/article/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-first-female-board-chair |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=Frontier Africa Reports (FAR)}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFFAR2022">FAR (9 December 2022). [https://www.frontierafricareports.com/article/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-first-female-board-chair "Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair"]. ''Frontier Africa Reports (FAR)''. Lagos, Nigeria<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=Muindi |date=9 December 2022 |title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair |url=https://khusoko.com/2022/12/09/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-as-its-first-female-board-chair/ |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=Kushoko.com}}</ref> == Ebirala by’okulowoozaako == Mu Ogw'okusatu 2022, [[Daily Monitor Newspaper]] yamuwandiikako mu bakyala ba Uganda omwenda abaali balina ebisaanyizo okukola nga [[akulira banka enkulu eya Uganda]], [[Senkulu]] wa [[bbanka enkulu]] mu ggwanga lino era nga ye avunaanyizibwa ku kulungamya bbanka z’eggwanga.<ref name="5R">{{Cite web |date=8 March 2022 |title=Nine Women Who Qualify For BoU Top Job |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/nine-women-who-qualify-for-bou-top-job-3740124 |access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Annet Nakawunde Mulindwa]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * [https://imaraafrica.com/consulting/about/ Omukutu gwa Imara Africa Consulting] [[Category:Abantu balamu]] [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu gya 1970]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abasuubuzi ab'Ekyasa ky'Abirimwekimu]] [[Category:Abaaasomerako ku Makerere University]] 3pk0nfb0s1k0awt000lqymlw4hxhmpc 59284 59282 2026-07-06T12:21:42Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added a description 59284 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Barbara Barungi''', Munnayuganda [[Economist|omukugu mu by’enfuna]], omusuubuzi era omukungu w’ebitongole era akola nga [[Managing Director|omukungu omukwanaganya]] mu kitongole kya Imara Africa Consulting, ekitongolen ekigatta amawanga ga Africa ekyebuuzibwako ku by’enfuna, eby'obusuubuzi n'enkola nga kirina ofiisi mu Nigeria, Kenya ne Uganda. Mu kiseera kye kimu akola nga ssentebe atali mukulu ku lukiiko olufuzi olwa [[Access Bank Kenya]], nga ye mukyala eyasooka okuweereza mu kifo ekyo. <ref name="1R2">{{Cite web|date=December 2022|url=https://kenya.accessbankplc.com/about-us/board-management-team/barbara-barungi|title=Barbara Barungi: Chairperson of Access Bank Kenya|website=[[Access Bank Kenya]] (ABK)|last=ABK|access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> <ref name="2R2">{{Cite web|website=Frontier Africa Reports (FAR)|url=https://www.frontierafricareports.com/article/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-first-female-board-chair|title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair|date=9 December 2022|last=FAR|access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> <ref name="3R2">{{Cite web|url=https://khusoko.com/2022/12/09/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-as-its-first-female-board-chair/|title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair|date=9 December 2022|website=Kushoko.com|access-date=20 June 2024|last=Muindi}}</ref> == Obuto n'okusoma kwe == Barungi Munnayuganda, yazaalibwa okumo n'emyaka gya 1970. Yasomera mu masomero ga pulayimale ne siniya ag’oku kitundu. Yaweebwa ekifo mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]], yunivasite ya gavumenti esinga obunene era esinga obukadde mu ggwanga. Yatikkirwa diguli Esooka eya [[Bachelor of Arts]] mu [[by'enfuna]] n'e[[byenkwatagana z'abantu]]. <ref name="1R3">{{Cite web|date=December 2022|url=https://kenya.accessbankplc.com/about-us/board-management-team/barbara-barungi|title=Barbara Barungi: Chairperson of Access Bank Kenya|website=[[Access Bank Kenya]] (ABK)|last=ABK|access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> <ref name="2R3">{{Cite web|website=Frontier Africa Reports (FAR)|url=https://www.frontierafricareports.com/article/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-first-female-board-chair|title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair|date=9 December 2022|last=FAR|access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> Yagenda mu maaso n'afuna [[dipulooma]] mu [[nkola z'eby'enkulaakulana]] ne diguli eyookusatu mu ssomo ly'[[Y'ebyensimbi mu nsi yonna|y'eby'ensimbi mu nsi yonna]], nga zombimyaziggya mu ttendekero lya [[University of Glasgow]]. <ref name="1R3" /> <ref name="2R3" /> <ref name="3R3">{{Cite web|url=https://khusoko.com/2022/12/09/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-as-its-first-female-board-chair/|title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair|date=9 December 2022|website=Kushoko.com|access-date=20 June 2024|last=Muindi}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Alina omulimu ogumaze emyaka egisukka mu 30 mu by’okwebuuzibwako ku nzirukanya y’emirimu, okuddukanya ebyenfuna n’eby’ensoma. Emabegako yakolako ng’omukugu mu by’enfuna omukulu mu [[nteekateeka y’ekibiina ky’amawanga amagatte ey’enkulaakulana]] n’oluvannyuma, mu bbanka ya [[African Development Bank]]. Ezimu ku mawanga ge yakwatako mu ssaawa ye mulimu [[Nigeria]], [[Angola]], [[Botswana]], [[Lesotho]], [[Malawi]], [[Mozambique]], [[Namibia]], [[South Africa]] ne [[Zimbabwe]] . Akola nga dayirekita eyeetongodde atali mukulu ku lukiiko olufuzi olwa [[:en:Access_Bank_South_Africa|Access Bank South Africa]], ng’oggyeeko okukola nga ssentebe w’olukiiko olufuzi olwa Access Bank Kenya. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=ABK |date=December 2022 |title=Barbara Barungi: Chairperson of Access Bank Kenya |url=https://kenya.accessbankplc.com/about-us/board-management-team/barbara-barungi |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=[[Access Bank Kenya]] (ABK)}}</ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=FAR |date=9 December 2022 |title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair |url=https://www.frontierafricareports.com/article/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-first-female-board-chair |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=Frontier Africa Reports (FAR)}}</ref> <ref name="4R">{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=Barbara Barungi: Managing Partner, Imara Africa |url=https://events.dlapiper.com/africa-week/barbara-barungi/ |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=[[DLA Piper]]}}</ref> Era yamala akaseera akatono ng'omuwabuzi mu [[minisitule y'ebyensimbi mu Rwanda]] . Emabegako yali asomesa by’anfuna mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]], mu Uganda, ne mu [[Yunivasite y’e Witswatersrand|University of Witswatersrand]] e South Africa.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=ABK |date=December 2022 |title=Barbara Barungi: Chairperson of Access Bank Kenya |url=https://kenya.accessbankplc.com/about-us/board-management-team/barbara-barungi |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=[[Access Bank Kenya]] (ABK)}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFABK2022">ABK (December 2022). [https://kenya.accessbankplc.com/about-us/board-management-team/barbara-barungi "Barbara Barungi: Chairperson of Access Bank Kenya"]. ''[[Access Bank Kenya]] (ABK)''. Nairobi, Kenya<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=FAR |date=9 December 2022 |title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair |url=https://www.frontierafricareports.com/article/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-first-female-board-chair |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=Frontier Africa Reports (FAR)}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFFAR2022">FAR (9 December 2022). [https://www.frontierafricareports.com/article/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-first-female-board-chair "Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair"]. ''Frontier Africa Reports (FAR)''. Lagos, Nigeria<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=Muindi |date=9 December 2022 |title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair |url=https://khusoko.com/2022/12/09/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-as-its-first-female-board-chair/ |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=Kushoko.com}}</ref> == Ebirala by’okulowoozaako == Mu Ogw'okusatu 2022, [[Daily Monitor Newspaper]] yamuwandiikako mu bakyala ba Uganda omwenda abaali balina ebisaanyizo okukola nga [[akulira banka enkulu eya Uganda]], [[Senkulu]] wa [[bbanka enkulu]] mu ggwanga lino era nga ye avunaanyizibwa ku kulungamya bbanka z’eggwanga.<ref name="5R">{{Cite web |date=8 March 2022 |title=Nine Women Who Qualify For BoU Top Job |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/nine-women-who-qualify-for-bou-top-job-3740124 |access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Annet Nakawunde Mulindwa]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * [https://imaraafrica.com/consulting/about/ Omukutu gwa Imara Africa Consulting] [[Category:Abantu balamu]] [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu gya 1970]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abasuubuzi ab'Ekyasa ky'Abirimwekimu]] [[Category:Abaaasomerako ku Makerere University]] [[Category:Bannayuganda bannaby'anjigiriza]] ohnbrk2nw9f7656iy14xqlnj3o4ve9k 59287 59284 2026-07-06T12:24:15Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added new category 59287 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Barbara Barungi''', Munnayuganda [[Economist|omukugu mu by’enfuna]], omusuubuzi era omukungu w’ebitongole era akola nga [[Managing Director|omukungu omukwanaganya]] mu kitongole kya Imara Africa Consulting, ekitongolen ekigatta amawanga ga Africa ekyebuuzibwako ku by’enfuna, eby'obusuubuzi n'enkola nga kirina ofiisi mu Nigeria, Kenya ne Uganda. Mu kiseera kye kimu akola nga ssentebe atali mukulu ku lukiiko olufuzi olwa [[Access Bank Kenya]], nga ye mukyala eyasooka okuweereza mu kifo ekyo. <ref name="1R2">{{Cite web|date=December 2022|url=https://kenya.accessbankplc.com/about-us/board-management-team/barbara-barungi|title=Barbara Barungi: Chairperson of Access Bank Kenya|website=[[Access Bank Kenya]] (ABK)|last=ABK|access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> <ref name="2R2">{{Cite web|website=Frontier Africa Reports (FAR)|url=https://www.frontierafricareports.com/article/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-first-female-board-chair|title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair|date=9 December 2022|last=FAR|access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> <ref name="3R2">{{Cite web|url=https://khusoko.com/2022/12/09/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-as-its-first-female-board-chair/|title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair|date=9 December 2022|website=Kushoko.com|access-date=20 June 2024|last=Muindi}}</ref> == Obuto n'okusoma kwe == Barungi Munnayuganda, yazaalibwa okumo n'emyaka gya 1970. Yasomera mu masomero ga pulayimale ne siniya ag’oku kitundu. Yaweebwa ekifo mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]], yunivasite ya gavumenti esinga obunene era esinga obukadde mu ggwanga. Yatikkirwa diguli Esooka eya [[Bachelor of Arts]] mu [[by'enfuna]] n'e[[byenkwatagana z'abantu]]. <ref name="1R3">{{Cite web|date=December 2022|url=https://kenya.accessbankplc.com/about-us/board-management-team/barbara-barungi|title=Barbara Barungi: Chairperson of Access Bank Kenya|website=[[Access Bank Kenya]] (ABK)|last=ABK|access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> <ref name="2R3">{{Cite web|website=Frontier Africa Reports (FAR)|url=https://www.frontierafricareports.com/article/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-first-female-board-chair|title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair|date=9 December 2022|last=FAR|access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> Yagenda mu maaso n'afuna [[dipulooma]] mu [[nkola z'eby'enkulaakulana]] ne diguli eyookusatu mu ssomo ly'[[Y'ebyensimbi mu nsi yonna|y'eby'ensimbi mu nsi yonna]], nga zombimyaziggya mu ttendekero lya [[University of Glasgow]]. <ref name="1R3" /> <ref name="2R3" /> <ref name="3R3">{{Cite web|url=https://khusoko.com/2022/12/09/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-as-its-first-female-board-chair/|title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair|date=9 December 2022|website=Kushoko.com|access-date=20 June 2024|last=Muindi}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Alina omulimu ogumaze emyaka egisukka mu 30 mu by’okwebuuzibwako ku nzirukanya y’emirimu, okuddukanya ebyenfuna n’eby’ensoma. Emabegako yakolako ng’omukugu mu by’enfuna omukulu mu [[nteekateeka y’ekibiina ky’amawanga amagatte ey’enkulaakulana]] n’oluvannyuma, mu bbanka ya [[African Development Bank]]. Ezimu ku mawanga ge yakwatako mu ssaawa ye mulimu [[Nigeria]], [[Angola]], [[Botswana]], [[Lesotho]], [[Malawi]], [[Mozambique]], [[Namibia]], [[South Africa]] ne [[Zimbabwe]] . Akola nga dayirekita eyeetongodde atali mukulu ku lukiiko olufuzi olwa [[:en:Access_Bank_South_Africa|Access Bank South Africa]], ng’oggyeeko okukola nga ssentebe w’olukiiko olufuzi olwa Access Bank Kenya. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=ABK |date=December 2022 |title=Barbara Barungi: Chairperson of Access Bank Kenya |url=https://kenya.accessbankplc.com/about-us/board-management-team/barbara-barungi |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=[[Access Bank Kenya]] (ABK)}}</ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=FAR |date=9 December 2022 |title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair |url=https://www.frontierafricareports.com/article/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-first-female-board-chair |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=Frontier Africa Reports (FAR)}}</ref> <ref name="4R">{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=Barbara Barungi: Managing Partner, Imara Africa |url=https://events.dlapiper.com/africa-week/barbara-barungi/ |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=[[DLA Piper]]}}</ref> Era yamala akaseera akatono ng'omuwabuzi mu [[minisitule y'ebyensimbi mu Rwanda]] . Emabegako yali asomesa by’anfuna mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]], mu Uganda, ne mu [[Yunivasite y’e Witswatersrand|University of Witswatersrand]] e South Africa.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=ABK |date=December 2022 |title=Barbara Barungi: Chairperson of Access Bank Kenya |url=https://kenya.accessbankplc.com/about-us/board-management-team/barbara-barungi |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=[[Access Bank Kenya]] (ABK)}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFABK2022">ABK (December 2022). [https://kenya.accessbankplc.com/about-us/board-management-team/barbara-barungi "Barbara Barungi: Chairperson of Access Bank Kenya"]. ''[[Access Bank Kenya]] (ABK)''. Nairobi, Kenya<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=FAR |date=9 December 2022 |title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair |url=https://www.frontierafricareports.com/article/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-first-female-board-chair |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=Frontier Africa Reports (FAR)}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFFAR2022">FAR (9 December 2022). [https://www.frontierafricareports.com/article/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-first-female-board-chair "Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair"]. ''Frontier Africa Reports (FAR)''. Lagos, Nigeria<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=Muindi |date=9 December 2022 |title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair |url=https://khusoko.com/2022/12/09/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-as-its-first-female-board-chair/ |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=Kushoko.com}}</ref> == Ebirala by’okulowoozaako == Mu Ogw'okusatu 2022, [[Daily Monitor Newspaper]] yamuwandiikako mu bakyala ba Uganda omwenda abaali balina ebisaanyizo okukola nga [[akulira banka enkulu eya Uganda]], [[Senkulu]] wa [[bbanka enkulu]] mu ggwanga lino era nga ye avunaanyizibwa ku kulungamya bbanka z’eggwanga.<ref name="5R">{{Cite web |date=8 March 2022 |title=Nine Women Who Qualify For BoU Top Job |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/nine-women-who-qualify-for-bou-top-job-3740124 |access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Annet Nakawunde Mulindwa]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * [https://imaraafrica.com/consulting/about/ Omukutu gwa Imara Africa Consulting] [[Category:Abantu balamu]] [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu gya 1970]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abasuubuzi ab'Ekyasa ky'Abirimwekimu]] [[Category:Abaaasomerako ku Makerere University]] [[Category:Bannayuganda bannaby'anjigiriza]] [[Category:Abakozi ku ludda lw'ebyenjigiriza mu Makerere University]] 6os9f3s69hbrdnekrk6pxuwocpm96s1 59290 59287 2026-07-06T12:28:42Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added new category 59290 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Barbara Barungi''', Munnayuganda [[Economist|omukugu mu by’enfuna]], omusuubuzi era omukungu w’ebitongole era akola nga [[Managing Director|omukungu omukwanaganya]] mu kitongole kya Imara Africa Consulting, ekitongolen ekigatta amawanga ga Africa ekyebuuzibwako ku by’enfuna, eby'obusuubuzi n'enkola nga kirina ofiisi mu Nigeria, Kenya ne Uganda. Mu kiseera kye kimu akola nga ssentebe atali mukulu ku lukiiko olufuzi olwa [[Access Bank Kenya]], nga ye mukyala eyasooka okuweereza mu kifo ekyo. <ref name="1R2">{{Cite web|date=December 2022|url=https://kenya.accessbankplc.com/about-us/board-management-team/barbara-barungi|title=Barbara Barungi: Chairperson of Access Bank Kenya|website=[[Access Bank Kenya]] (ABK)|last=ABK|access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> <ref name="2R2">{{Cite web|website=Frontier Africa Reports (FAR)|url=https://www.frontierafricareports.com/article/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-first-female-board-chair|title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair|date=9 December 2022|last=FAR|access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> <ref name="3R2">{{Cite web|url=https://khusoko.com/2022/12/09/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-as-its-first-female-board-chair/|title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair|date=9 December 2022|website=Kushoko.com|access-date=20 June 2024|last=Muindi}}</ref> == Obuto n'okusoma kwe == Barungi Munnayuganda, yazaalibwa okumo n'emyaka gya 1970. Yasomera mu masomero ga pulayimale ne siniya ag’oku kitundu. Yaweebwa ekifo mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]], yunivasite ya gavumenti esinga obunene era esinga obukadde mu ggwanga. Yatikkirwa diguli Esooka eya [[Bachelor of Arts]] mu [[by'enfuna]] n'e[[byenkwatagana z'abantu]]. <ref name="1R3">{{Cite web|date=December 2022|url=https://kenya.accessbankplc.com/about-us/board-management-team/barbara-barungi|title=Barbara Barungi: Chairperson of Access Bank Kenya|website=[[Access Bank Kenya]] (ABK)|last=ABK|access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> <ref name="2R3">{{Cite web|website=Frontier Africa Reports (FAR)|url=https://www.frontierafricareports.com/article/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-first-female-board-chair|title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair|date=9 December 2022|last=FAR|access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> Yagenda mu maaso n'afuna [[dipulooma]] mu [[nkola z'eby'enkulaakulana]] ne diguli eyookusatu mu ssomo ly'[[Y'ebyensimbi mu nsi yonna|y'eby'ensimbi mu nsi yonna]], nga zombimyaziggya mu ttendekero lya [[University of Glasgow]]. <ref name="1R3" /> <ref name="2R3" /> <ref name="3R3">{{Cite web|url=https://khusoko.com/2022/12/09/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-as-its-first-female-board-chair/|title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair|date=9 December 2022|website=Kushoko.com|access-date=20 June 2024|last=Muindi}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Alina omulimu ogumaze emyaka egisukka mu 30 mu by’okwebuuzibwako ku nzirukanya y’emirimu, okuddukanya ebyenfuna n’eby’ensoma. Emabegako yakolako ng’omukugu mu by’enfuna omukulu mu [[nteekateeka y’ekibiina ky’amawanga amagatte ey’enkulaakulana]] n’oluvannyuma, mu bbanka ya [[African Development Bank]]. Ezimu ku mawanga ge yakwatako mu ssaawa ye mulimu [[Nigeria]], [[Angola]], [[Botswana]], [[Lesotho]], [[Malawi]], [[Mozambique]], [[Namibia]], [[South Africa]] ne [[Zimbabwe]] . Akola nga dayirekita eyeetongodde atali mukulu ku lukiiko olufuzi olwa [[:en:Access_Bank_South_Africa|Access Bank South Africa]], ng’oggyeeko okukola nga ssentebe w’olukiiko olufuzi olwa Access Bank Kenya. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=ABK |date=December 2022 |title=Barbara Barungi: Chairperson of Access Bank Kenya |url=https://kenya.accessbankplc.com/about-us/board-management-team/barbara-barungi |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=[[Access Bank Kenya]] (ABK)}}</ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=FAR |date=9 December 2022 |title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair |url=https://www.frontierafricareports.com/article/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-first-female-board-chair |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=Frontier Africa Reports (FAR)}}</ref> <ref name="4R">{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=Barbara Barungi: Managing Partner, Imara Africa |url=https://events.dlapiper.com/africa-week/barbara-barungi/ |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=[[DLA Piper]]}}</ref> Era yamala akaseera akatono ng'omuwabuzi mu [[minisitule y'ebyensimbi mu Rwanda]] . Emabegako yali asomesa by’anfuna mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]], mu Uganda, ne mu [[Yunivasite y’e Witswatersrand|University of Witswatersrand]] e South Africa.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=ABK |date=December 2022 |title=Barbara Barungi: Chairperson of Access Bank Kenya |url=https://kenya.accessbankplc.com/about-us/board-management-team/barbara-barungi |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=[[Access Bank Kenya]] (ABK)}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFABK2022">ABK (December 2022). [https://kenya.accessbankplc.com/about-us/board-management-team/barbara-barungi "Barbara Barungi: Chairperson of Access Bank Kenya"]. ''[[Access Bank Kenya]] (ABK)''. Nairobi, Kenya<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=FAR |date=9 December 2022 |title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair |url=https://www.frontierafricareports.com/article/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-first-female-board-chair |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=Frontier Africa Reports (FAR)}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFFAR2022">FAR (9 December 2022). [https://www.frontierafricareports.com/article/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-first-female-board-chair "Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair"]. ''Frontier Africa Reports (FAR)''. Lagos, Nigeria<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=Muindi |date=9 December 2022 |title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair |url=https://khusoko.com/2022/12/09/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-as-its-first-female-board-chair/ |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=Kushoko.com}}</ref> == Ebirala by’okulowoozaako == Mu Ogw'okusatu 2022, [[Daily Monitor Newspaper]] yamuwandiikako mu bakyala ba Uganda omwenda abaali balina ebisaanyizo okukola nga [[akulira banka enkulu eya Uganda]], [[Senkulu]] wa [[bbanka enkulu]] mu ggwanga lino era nga ye avunaanyizibwa ku kulungamya bbanka z’eggwanga.<ref name="5R">{{Cite web |date=8 March 2022 |title=Nine Women Who Qualify For BoU Top Job |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/nine-women-who-qualify-for-bou-top-job-3740124 |access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Annet Nakawunde Mulindwa]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * [https://imaraafrica.com/consulting/about/ Omukutu gwa Imara Africa Consulting] [[Category:Abantu balamu]] [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu gya 1970]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abasuubuzi ab'Ekyasa ky'Abirimwekimu]] [[Category:Abaaasomerako ku Makerere University]] [[Category:Bannayuganda bannaby'anjigiriza]] [[Category:Abakozi ku ludda lw'ebyenjigiriza mu Makerere University]] [[Category:Abakozi ku ludda lw'ebyenjigiriza ku Ttendekero lya University of Witswatersand]] k7bzq9mwgnyre8mn7tzhtftlf00p8jc 59296 59290 2026-07-06T12:40:20Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 added references 59296 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Barbara Barungi''', Munnayuganda [[Economist|omukugu mu by’enfuna]], omusuubuzi era omukungu w’ebitongole era akola nga [[Managing Director|omukungu omukwanaganya]] mu kitongole kya Imara Africa Consulting, ekitongolen ekigatta amawanga ga Africa ekyebuuzibwako ku by’enfuna, eby'obusuubuzi n'enkola nga kirina ofiisi mu Nigeria, Kenya ne Uganda. Mu kiseera kye kimu akola nga ssentebe atali mukulu ku lukiiko olufuzi olwa [[Access Bank Kenya]], nga ye mukyala eyasooka okuweereza mu kifo ekyo. <ref name="1R2">{{Cite web|date=December 2022|url=https://kenya.accessbankplc.com/about-us/board-management-team/barbara-barungi|title=Barbara Barungi: Chairperson of Access Bank Kenya|website=[[Access Bank Kenya]] (ABK)|last=ABK|access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref><ref name="2R2">{{Cite web|website=Frontier Africa Reports (FAR)|url=https://www.frontierafricareports.com/article/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-first-female-board-chair|title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair|date=9 December 2022|last=FAR|access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref><ref name="3R2">{{Cite web|url=https://khusoko.com/2022/12/09/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-as-its-first-female-board-chair/|title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair|date=9 December 2022|website=Kushoko.com|access-date=20 June 2024|last=Muindi}}</ref> == Obuto n'okusoma kwe == Barungi Munnayuganda, yazaalibwa okumo n'emyaka gya 1970. Yasomera mu masomero ga pulayimale ne siniya ag’oku kitundu. Yaweebwa ekifo mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]], yunivasite ya gavumenti esinga obunene era esinga obukadde mu ggwanga. Yatikkirwa diguli Esooka eya [[Bachelor of Arts]] mu [[by'enfuna]] n'e[[byenkwatagana z'abantu]]. <ref name="1R2" /><ref name="2R2" /> Yagenda mu maaso n'afuna [[dipulooma]] mu [[nkola z'eby'enkulaakulana]] ne diguli eyookusatu mu ssomo ly'[[Y'ebyensimbi mu nsi yonna|y'eby'ensimbi mu nsi yonna]], nga zombimyaziggya mu ttendekero lya [[University of Glasgow]]. Abakozi ku ludda lw'ebyenjigiriza ku Ttendekero lya University of Witswatersand Abakozi ku ludda lw'ebyenjigiriza ku Ttendekero lya University of Witswatersand <ref name="1R2" /><ref name="2R2" /><ref name="3R2" /> == Emirimu gye == Alina omulimu ogumaze emyaka egisukka mu 30 mu by’okwebuuzibwako ku nzirukanya y’emirimu, okuddukanya ebyenfuna n’eby’ensoma. Emabegako yakolako ng’omukugu mu by’enfuna omukulu mu [[nteekateeka y’ekibiina ky’amawanga amagatte ey’enkulaakulana]] n’oluvannyuma, mu bbanka ya [[African Development Bank]]. Ezimu ku mawanga ge yakwatako mu ssaawa ye mulimu [[Nigeria]], [[Angola]], [[Botswana]], [[Lesotho]], [[Malawi]], [[Mozambique]], [[Namibia]], [[South Africa]] ne [[Zimbabwe]] . Akola nga dayirekita eyeetongodde atali mukulu ku lukiiko olufuzi olwa [[:en:Access_Bank_South_Africa|Access Bank South Africa]], ng’oggyeeko okukola nga ssentebe w’olukiiko olufuzi olwa Access Bank Kenya.<ref name="1R2" /><ref name="2R2" /><ref name="4R">{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=Barbara Barungi: Managing Partner, Imara Africa |url=https://events.dlapiper.com/africa-week/barbara-barungi/ |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=[[DLA Piper]]}}</ref> Era yamala akaseera akatono ng'omuwabuzi mu [[minisitule y'ebyensimbi mu Rwanda]] . Emabegako yali asomesa by’anfuna mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]], mu Uganda, ne mu [[Yunivasite y’e Witswatersrand|University of Witswatersrand]] e South Africa.<ref name="1R2" /><ref name="2R2" /><ref name="3R2" /> == Ebirala by’okulowoozaako == Mu Ogw'okusatu 2022, [[Daily Monitor Newspaper]] yamuwandiikako mu bakyala ba Uganda omwenda abaali balina ebisaanyizo okukola nga [[akulira banka enkulu eya Uganda]], [[Senkulu]] wa [[bbanka enkulu]] mu ggwanga lino era nga ye avunaanyizibwa ku kulungamya bbanka z’eggwanga.<ref name="5R">{{Cite web |date=8 March 2022 |title=Nine Women Who Qualify For BoU Top Job |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/nine-women-who-qualify-for-bou-top-job-3740124 |access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Annet Nakawunde Mulindwa]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * [https://imaraafrica.com/consulting/about/ Omukutu gwa Imara Africa Consulting] [[Category:Abantu balamu]] [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu gya 1970]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abasuubuzi ab'Ekyasa ky'Abirimwekimu]] [[Category:Abaaasomerako ku Makerere University]] [[Category:Bannayuganda bannaby'anjigiriza]] [[Category:Abakozi ku ludda lw'ebyenjigiriza mu Makerere University]] [[Category:Abakozi ku ludda lw'ebyenjigiriza ku Ttendekero lya University of Witswatersand]] 4k7y3rob7k5om168x0zj7o0bb5dzfn9 59297 59296 2026-07-06T12:42:00Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 corrected grammar and punctuations 59297 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Barbara Barungi''', Munnayuganda [[Economist|omukugu mu by’enfuna]], omusuubuzi era omukungu w’ebitongole era akola nga [[Managing Director|omukungu omukwanaganya]] mu kitongole kya Imara Africa Consulting, ekitongolen ekigatta amawanga ga Africa ekyebuuzibwako ku by’enfuna, eby'obusuubuzi n'enkola nga kirina ofiisi mu Nigeria, Kenya ne Uganda. Mu kiseera kye kimu akola nga ssentebe atali mukulu ku lukiiko olufuzi olwa [[Access Bank Kenya]], nga ye mukyala eyasooka okuweereza mu kifo ekyo. <ref name="1R2">{{Cite web|date=December 2022|url=https://kenya.accessbankplc.com/about-us/board-management-team/barbara-barungi|title=Barbara Barungi: Chairperson of Access Bank Kenya|website=[[Access Bank Kenya]] (ABK)|last=ABK|access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref><ref name="2R2">{{Cite web|website=Frontier Africa Reports (FAR)|url=https://www.frontierafricareports.com/article/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-first-female-board-chair|title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair|date=9 December 2022|last=FAR|access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref><ref name="3R2">{{Cite web|url=https://khusoko.com/2022/12/09/access-bank-kenya-appoints-barbara-barungi-as-its-first-female-board-chair/|title=Access Bank Kenya Appoints Barbara Barungi, First Female Board Chair|date=9 December 2022|website=Kushoko.com|access-date=20 June 2024|last=Muindi}}</ref> == Obuto n'okusoma kwe == Barungi Munnayuganda, yazaalibwa okumo n'emyaka gya 1970. Yasomera mu masomero ga pulayimale ne siniya ag’oku kitundu. Yaweebwa ekifo mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]], yunivasite ya gavumenti esinga obunene era esinga obukadde mu ggwanga. Yatikkirwa diguli Esooka eya [[Bachelor of Arts]] mu [[by'enfuna]] n'e[[byenkwatagana z'abantu]]. <ref name="1R2" /><ref name="2R2" /> Yagenda mu maaso n'afuna [[dipulooma]] mu [[nkola z'eby'enkulaakulana]] ne diguli eyookusatu mu ssomo ly'[[Y'ebyensimbi mu nsi yonna|y'eby'ensimbi mu nsi yonna]], nga zombimyaziggya mu ttendekero lya [[University of Glasgow]]. Abakozi ku ludda lw'ebyenjigiriza ku Ttendekero lya University of Witswatersand Abakozi ku ludda lw'ebyenjigiriza ku Ttendekero lya University of Witswatersand. <ref name="1R2" /><ref name="2R2" /><ref name="3R2" /> == Emirimu gye == Alina omulimu ogumaze emyaka egisukka mu 30 mu by’okwebuuzibwako ku nzirukanya y’emirimu, okuddukanya ebyenfuna n’eby’ensoma. Emabegako yakolako ng’omukugu mu by’enfuna omukulu mu [[nteekateeka y’ekibiina ky’amawanga amagatte ey’enkulaakulana]] n’oluvannyuma, mu bbanka ya [[African Development Bank]]. Ezimu ku mawanga ge yakwatako mu ssaawa ye mulimu [[Nigeria]], [[Angola]], [[Botswana]], [[Lesotho]], [[Malawi]], [[Mozambique]], [[Namibia]], [[South Africa]] ne [[Zimbabwe]] . Akola nga dayirekita eyeetongodde atali mukulu ku lukiiko olufuzi olwa [[:en:Access_Bank_South_Africa|Access Bank South Africa]], ng’oggyeeko okukola nga ssentebe w’olukiiko olufuzi olwa Access Bank Kenya.<ref name="1R2" /><ref name="2R2" /><ref name="4R">{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=Barbara Barungi: Managing Partner, Imara Africa |url=https://events.dlapiper.com/africa-week/barbara-barungi/ |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=[[DLA Piper]]}}</ref> Era yamala akaseera akatono ng'omuwabuzi mu [[minisitule y'ebyensimbi mu Rwanda]] . Emabegako yali asomesa by’anfuna mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]], mu Uganda, ne mu [[Yunivasite y’e Witswatersrand|University of Witswatersrand]] e South Africa.<ref name="1R2" /><ref name="2R2" /><ref name="3R2" /> == Ebirala by’okulowoozaako == Mu Ogw'okusatu 2022, [[Daily Monitor Newspaper]] yamuwandiikako mu bakyala ba Uganda omwenda abaali balina ebisaanyizo okukola nga [[akulira banka enkulu eya Uganda]], [[Senkulu]] wa [[bbanka enkulu]] mu ggwanga lino era nga ye avunaanyizibwa ku kulungamya bbanka z’eggwanga.<ref name="5R">{{Cite web |date=8 March 2022 |title=Nine Women Who Qualify For BoU Top Job |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/nine-women-who-qualify-for-bou-top-job-3740124 |access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Annet Nakawunde Mulindwa]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * [https://imaraafrica.com/consulting/about/ Omukutu gwa Imara Africa Consulting] [[Category:Abantu balamu]] [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu gya 1970]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abasuubuzi ab'Ekyasa ky'Abirimwekimu]] [[Category:Abaaasomerako ku Makerere University]] [[Category:Bannayuganda bannaby'anjigiriza]] [[Category:Abakozi ku ludda lw'ebyenjigiriza mu Makerere University]] [[Category:Abakozi ku ludda lw'ebyenjigiriza ku Ttendekero lya University of Witswatersand]] 5oat9li51fthjzqvzxt860be4b6m8gb Abdul Nadduli 0 11507 59418 59039 2026-07-07T07:43:36Z Ssemmanda will 3837 Okukoppa okuva mu [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] okudda mu [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi Bannayuganda]] nga nkozesa [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 59418 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Al hajji Abdul Nadduli''' (yazaalibwa nga 22 Ogwekkumineebiri 1942) munnabyabufuzi [[Uganda|Omunnayuganda]] era munnamagye eyawummula azaalibwa mu Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke.<ref name="urn-profile-2022">{{cite news|title=The Making of Retired Major Abdul Nadduli|url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/the-making-of-retired-major-abdul-nadduli-|work=Uganda Radio Network|date=23 December 2022|access-date=15 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Independent |first=The |date=2021-08-08 |title=Retirement of Gen Kigongo, Maj Nadduli from army raises debate |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/retirement-of-gen-kigongo-maj-nadduli-from-army-raises-debate/ |access-date=2026-06-26 |website=The Independent Uganda: |language=en-US}}</ref> Yaliko [[Minisita wa guno naguli]] mu Kabineeti ya [[Yuganda|Uganda]]. Yalondebwa ku kifo ekyo nga 6 Ogwomukaaga 2016, ekifo kye yaweerezaamu okutuusa nga 14 Ogwekkuminebiri 2019.<ref name="independent-2016">{{cite news|title=Betty Kamya, Nadduli and Tumukunde in new cabinet|url=https://www.independent.co.ug/betty-kamya-nadduli-in-new-cabinet/|work=The Independent (Uganda)|date=6 June 2016|access-date=15 December 2025}}</ref><ref name="newvision-appointed-2016">{{cite news|title=I've been appointed for my hard work - Nadduli|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1426291/-appointed-hard-nadduli|work=New Vision|date=6 June 2016|access-date=15 December 2025}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’okusuulibwa ku kabineti mu December wa 2019, yalondebwa okubeera Omuwabuzi wa Pulezidenti Omukulu.<ref name="urn-reshuffle-2019">{{cite news|title=President Museveni Reshuffles Cabinet|url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/a/story/president-museveni-reshuffles-cabinet-|work=Uganda Radio Network|date=14 December 2019|access-date=15 December 2025}}</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Nadduli yazaalibwa nga 22 Ogwekkumineebiri 1942 ku kyalo Kaddunda mu ggombolola lye [[Kapeeka]], mu Disitulikiti y’e [[Nakaseke]]. Bazadde be ye Nabukenya ne Ali Nadduli. Yasomera ku [[Luweero (disitulikit)|Luwero]] Boys Primary School ne Lukalu Quran School, oluvannyuma ne yegatta ku Gulu Central Technical School ne Ndejje Teachers College.<ref name="urn-profile-2022" /> Uganda Radio Network yategeeza nti yatikkirwa mu [[yunivasite y’e Bugema]] n’afuna diguli ya Bachelor of Arts mu by’obulamu n’okuddukanya embeera z’abantu.<ref name="urn-disqualification-2006">{{cite news|title=Nadduli petitions High Court over his disqualification|url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/nadduli-petitions-high-court-over-his-disqualification|work=Uganda Radio Network|date=18 January 2006|access-date=15 December 2025}}</ref> == Emirimu == Nadduli yakola yasomesaako ku Kalasa Church of Uganda Primary School mu [[Luweero (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Luwero]] okumala emyaka 11, nga tannegatta ku kibiina ky’abayeekera ekya [[National Resistance Army]] (NRA) mu 1980 oluvannyuma lw’okusisinkana [[Yoweri Museveni]] mu Disitulikiti y’e Luwero.<ref name="urn-profile-2022" /> == Emirimu gy'ebyobufuzi == === Ssentebe wa Disitulikiti y'e Luwero === Nadduli yaweereza ebisanja ebiwerako nga ssentebe wa Disitulikiti y’e Luwero (LC V). Lipoota ya ACODE score-card ey’omwaka gw’ebyensimbi 2011/2012 eraga nti yali aweereza ekisanja kye eky’okusatu era nti emabegako yaweerezaako nga ssentebe wa disitulikiti mu biseera 1996 okutuuka mu 2001 ne 2001 okutuuka mu 2006; lipoota y’emu eraga nti yaddamu okulondebwa mu March wa 2011 oluvannyuma lw’okufiirwa ekifo kino emabegako mu 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nadduli Rubbishes Local Government Score Card :|url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/nadduli-rubbishes-local-government-score-card|access-date=2026-07-05|website=Uganda Radionetwork|language=en}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa ssentebe wa disitulikiti mu 2011, [[New Vision (olupapula lw'amawulire)|''New Vision'']] yategeeza nti yawangula n’obululu 40,780&nbsp;ng’avuganya ne Ronald Ndawula eyali mu ntebe ekiseera ekyo, eyafuna obululu 32,354, mu kuvuganya kw’abeesimbawo basatu.<ref name="newvision-2011">{{cite news|title=Nadduli bounces back in Luwero|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1015771/nadduli-bounces-luwero|work=New Vision|date=25 February 2011|access-date=15 December 2025}}</ref> Mu 2015, Ronald Ndawula yawangula ekifo kya ssentebe wa NRM mu Disitulikiti y’e Luwero mu kulonda kw’ekibiina, n’adda mu bigere bya Nadduli.<ref name="urn-nrm-chair-2015">{{cite news|title=Nadduli's rival wins Luweero NRM chairperson seat|url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/naddulis-rival-wins-luweero-nrm-chairperson-seat?districtId=729|work=Uganda Radio Network|date=18 September 2015|access-date=15 December 2025}}</ref> === Emirimu gya kabineti n’okuwabula === Nga 6 Ogwomukaaga 2016, Pulezidenti Yoweri Museveni yalonda Nadduli Minisita wa guno naguli ku kabineti ya Uganda.<ref name="independent-2016" /><ref name="newvision-appointed-2016" /> Nga 14 Ogwekkumineebiri 2019, yakyusibwa n'alondebwa okubeera omuwabuzi wa Pulezidenti Omukulu mu nkyukakyuka ezaakolebwa.<ref name="urn-reshuffle-2019" /><ref name="newvision-reshuffle-2019">{{cite news|title=Unforgettable moments of former ministers: Nadduli, Onzima|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1512152/unforgettable-moments-ministers-hajji-nadduli-onzima|work=New Vision|date=15 December 2019|access-date=15 December 2025}}</ref> == Obuvunanyizibwa mu kibiina == In 2016, Nadduli ye yali omumyuka wa ssentebe w’ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] mu ggwanga lyonna owa Buganda.<ref name="newvision-bows-out-2016">{{cite news|title=Nadduli bows out of elective politics|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1424197/nadduli-bows-elective-politics|work=New Vision|date=10 May 2016|access-date=15 December 2025}}</ref> Yaweerezaako ku kakiiko akafuzi ak'okuntikko aka NRM Central Executive Committee (CEC) ng'akiikirira ekitundu ky'omumasekkati ga Uganda.<ref name="monitor-2022-cec">{{cite news|title=Why top NRM party officials skipped Nadduli son's burial|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/why-top-nrm-party-officials-skipped-nadduli-son-s-burial-3997958|work=Daily Monitor|date=26 October 2022|access-date=15 December 2025}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Kabineeti ya Uganda]] * [[Parliament of Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi Bannayuganda]] 4428ihgyc51in24r4sbo0z8we26efin Apollo Kironde 0 11563 59317 53775 2026-07-06T13:49:58Z Lillylove256 10862 ntereezeza ku mutindo 59317 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Apollo Kironde''' (1915 – 21 Ogwokuna 2007) yali [[:en:Uganda|Munnayuganda]] munnamateeka era ye Ambasada wa Uganda eyasooka mu [[:en:United_Nations|kibiina ky’amawanga amagatte]].<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/561287</ref> Yali muzzukulu mu famire y’abakulu ab’edda ab’e [[:en:Nsenene|Nsenene]]. Jjajjaawe, Apollo Kaggwa, yali minisita mu bwakabaka bwa Buganda Abangereza webaatuukira, era n’aweereza ng'[[:en:Regent|omukulembeze ow'ekiseera]] eri kabaka wa [[:en:Buganda|Buganda]] eyali omuto Daudi Chwa okutuusa mu 1914, oluvannyuma y’asigala nga katikkiro wa Buganda okutuusa mu 1926. Olw’okufuba kwe, yaweebwa ekitiibwa kya knighting by [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Queen Victoria]], n’afuuka Omufirika eyasooka okuweebwa ekitiibwa ky'obwa knight. Muzzukulu we era bwe bafaanaganya erinnya, Apollo Kironde, yali mutabani wa kubiri eri mutabani we eyasooka Assanasio Sentenza ne Bladina Kironde owookubiri. Ku myaka emito omuvubuka Apollo yalaga esuubi lingi era n’asindikibwa ebweru w’eggwanga okusoma. Yasoma okubeera omusomesa era oluvannyuma lw'emyaka mingi ng'asomesa yagenda e Bungereza n'asoma amateeka mu [[:en:Middle_Temple|Middle Temple]] . Yadda mu Uganda era ye Mufirika eyasooka okuyita omutendera ogwo. [[:en:Kabaka_of_Buganda|Kabaka wa Buganda]] [[:en:Mutesa_II_of_Buganda|Mutesa II]] bwe yawang’angusibwa mu Bungereza oluvannyuma lw’okukaayana ne gavumenti y’amatwale, ye Apollo Kironde eyagenda e Bungereza okufuna eddembe lye. Oluvannyuma yayitibwa okubeera minisita mu gavumenti y’amatwale, ekitiibwa kino kyali kya Bangereza bokka. Uganda bwe yawangula obwetwaze, yalondebwa okuba omubaka waayo eyasooka mu kibiina ky’amawanga amagatte. Ekifaananyi kya muwalawe [[:en:Katiti_Kironde|Katiti Kironde]] kyafulumira ku magazini ya women's magazine.<ref>https://style.time.com/2013/01/03/13-groundbreaking-fashion-magazine-covers/slide/katiti-kironde-1968/</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} qtjt4mmkg2p1dq1sh3vw26un625j66v 59319 59317 2026-07-06T13:52:43Z Lillylove256 10862 ntereezeza ku mutindo 59319 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Apollo Kironde''' (1915 – 21 Ogwokuna 2007) yali Munnayuganda munnamateeka era ye Ambasada wa Uganda eyasooka mu kibiina ky’amawanga amagatte.<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/561287</ref> Yali muzzukulu mu famire y’abakulu ab’edda ab’e Nsenene. Jjajjaawe, Apollo Kaggwa, yali minisita mu bwakabaka bwa Buganda Abangereza webaatuukira, era n’aweereza ng'omukulembeze ow'ekiseera eri kabaka wa [[Buganda]] eyali omuto Daudi Chwa okutuusa mu 1914, oluvannyuma y’asigala nga katikkiro wa [[Buganda]] okutuusa mu 1926. Olw’okufuba kwe, yaweebwa ekitiibwa kya knighting by Queen Victoria, n’afuuka Omufirika eyasooka okuweebwa ekitiibwa ky'obwa knight. Muzzukulu we era bwe bafaanaganya erinnya, Apollo Kironde, yali mutabani wa kubiri eri mutabani we eyasooka Assanasio Sentenza ne Bladina Kironde owookubiri. Ku myaka emito omuvubuka Apollo yalaga esuubi lingi era n’asindikibwa ebweru w’eggwanga okusoma. Yasoma okubeera omusomesa era oluvannyuma lw'emyaka mingi ng'asomesa yagenda e Bungereza n'asoma amateeka mu Middle Temple. Yadda mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]] era ye Mufirika eyasooka okuyita omutendera ogwo. [[Kabaka wa Buganda]] [[Ssekabaka Mutesa II|Mutesa II]] bwe yawang’angusibwa mu Bungereza oluvannyuma lw’okukaayana ne gavumenti y’amatwale, ye Apollo Kironde eyagenda e Bungereza okufuna eddembe lye. Oluvannyuma yayitibwa okubeera minisita mu gavumenti y’amatwale, ekitiibwa kino kyali kya Bangereza bokka. [[Yuganda|Uganda]] bwe yawangula obwetwaze, yalondebwa okuba omubaka waayo eyasooka mu kibiina ky’amawanga amagatte. Ekifaananyi kya muwalawe Katiti Kironde kyafulumira ku magazini ya women's magazine.<ref>https://style.time.com/2013/01/03/13-groundbreaking-fashion-magazine-covers/slide/katiti-kironde-1968/</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} ei04kicv68ac1c7et6lhgynyvjaopdv 59321 59319 2026-07-06T13:56:14Z Lillylove256 10862 ntereezeza ebijuliziddwa 59321 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Apollo Kironde''' (1915 – 21 Ogwokuna 2007) yali Munnayuganda munnamateeka era ye Ambasada wa Uganda eyasooka mu kibiina ky’amawanga amagatte.<ref>Anne Mugisa, [http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/561287 "Diplomat Kironde is dead"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100531141520/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/561287|date=31 May 2010}}, ''New Vision'', 22 April 2007.</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Kironde |first=Apollo K. |date=1963-01-08 |title=Apollo K Kironde, First Permanent Representative of Uganda |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3834184}}</ref> Yali muzzukulu mu famire y’abakulu ab’edda ab’e Nsenene. Jjajjaawe, Apollo Kaggwa, yali minisita mu bwakabaka bwa Buganda Abangereza webaatuukira, era n’aweereza ng'omukulembeze ow'ekiseera eri kabaka wa [[Buganda]] eyali omuto Daudi Chwa okutuusa mu 1914, oluvannyuma y’asigala nga katikkiro wa [[Buganda]] okutuusa mu 1926. Olw’okufuba kwe, yaweebwa ekitiibwa kya knighting by Queen Victoria, n’afuuka Omufirika eyasooka okuweebwa ekitiibwa ky'obwa knight.<ref name=":0">{{Cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/shorts/tuWrXeiTAUw|title=Apollo Kironde {{!}} Uganda's first ambassador to the United Nations. #uganda #obote #amin #history|language=en|access-date=2025-12-16|via=www.youtube.com}}</ref> Muzzukulu we era bwe bafaanaganya erinnya, Apollo Kironde, yali mutabani wa kubiri eri mutabani we eyasooka Assanasio Sentenza ne Bladina Kironde owookubiri. Ku myaka emito omuvubuka Apollo yalaga esuubi lingi era n’asindikibwa ebweru w’eggwanga okusoma. Yasoma okubeera omusomesa era oluvannyuma lw'emyaka mingi ng'asomesa yagenda e Bungereza n'asoma amateeka mu Middle Temple. Yadda mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]] era ye Mufirika eyasooka okuyita omutendera ogwo. [[Kabaka wa Buganda]] [[Ssekabaka Mutesa II|Mutesa II]] bwe yawang’angusibwa mu Bungereza oluvannyuma lw’okukaayana ne gavumenti y’amatwale, ye Apollo Kironde eyagenda e Bungereza okufuna eddembe lye. Oluvannyuma yayitibwa okubeera minisita mu gavumenti y’amatwale, ekitiibwa kino kyali kya Bangereza bokka. [[Yuganda|Uganda]] bwe yawangula obwetwaze, yalondebwa okuba omubaka waayo eyasooka mu kibiina ky’amawanga amagatte. Ekifaananyi kya muwalawe Katiti Kironde kyafulumira ku magazini ya women's magazine. == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} tob4n0ybuz65uw9mamka0ezjsxcdt9b 59329 59321 2026-07-06T14:15:30Z Lillylove256 10862 ntereezeza ku mutindo 59329 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Apollo Kironde''' (1915 – 21 Ogwokuna 2007) yali Munnayuganda munnamateeka era ye Ambasada wa Uganda eyasooka mu kibiina ky’amawanga amagatte.<ref>Anne Mugisa, [http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/561287 "Diplomat Kironde is dead"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100531141520/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/561287|date=31 May 2010}}, ''New Vision'', 22 April 2007.</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Kironde |first=Apollo K. |date=1963-01-08 |title=Apollo K Kironde, First Permanent Representative of Uganda |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3834184}}</ref> === Obuvo bwe === Yali muzzukulu mu famire y’abakulu ab’edda ab’e Nsenene. Jjajjaawe, Apollo Kaggwa, yali minisita mu bwakabaka bwa Buganda Abangereza webaatuukira, era n’aweereza ng'omukulembeze ow'ekiseera eri kabaka wa [[Buganda]] eyali omuto Daudi Chwa okutuusa mu 1914, oluvannyuma y’asigala nga katikkiro wa [[Buganda]] okutuusa mu 1926. Olw’okufuba kwe, yaweebwa ekitiibwa kya knighting by Queen Victoria, n’afuuka Omufirika eyasooka okuweebwa ekitiibwa ky'obwa knight.<ref name=":0">{{Cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/shorts/tuWrXeiTAUw|title=Apollo Kironde {{!}} Uganda's first ambassador to the United Nations. #uganda #obote #amin #history|language=en|access-date=2025-12-16|via=www.youtube.com}}</ref> Muzzukulu we era bwe bafaanaganya erinnya, Apollo Kironde, yali mutabani wa kubiri eri mutabani we eyasooka Assanasio Sentenza ne Bladina Kironde owookubiri. Ku myaka emito omuvubuka Apollo yalaga esuubi lingi era n’asindikibwa ebweru w’eggwanga okusoma. Yasoma okubeera omusomesa era oluvannyuma lw'emyaka mingi ng'asomesa yagenda e Bungereza n'asoma amateeka mu Middle Temple. Yadda mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]] era ye Mufirika eyasooka okuyita omutendera ogwo. [[Kabaka wa Buganda]] [[Ssekabaka Mutesa II|Mutesa II]] bwe yawang’angusibwa mu Bungereza oluvannyuma lw’okukaayana ne gavumenti y’amatwale, ye Apollo Kironde eyagenda e Bungereza okufuna eddembe lye. Oluvannyuma yayitibwa okubeera minisita mu gavumenti y’amatwale, ekitiibwa kino kyali kya Bangereza bokka. [[Yuganda|Uganda]] bwe yawangula obwetwaze, yalondebwa okuba omubaka waayo eyasooka mu kibiina ky’amawanga amagatte. === Obulamu bwe === ==== Obufumbo n'abaana ==== Kironde yawasa emirundi egiwera naye obufumbo bwe obwasokera ddala bwali ne Santa okuva mu famire ya Bakaluba eyekitiibwa mu 1945. Bano baazaala abaana babiri. * Kaddumukasa Kironde: Munnabyamawulire amnyiddwa ennyo mu Uganda. Obufumbo obuwera bwaletera Kironde okubeera * Katiti Kironde: Abeera Amerika ng'ono yafuuka omutwe omukulu ku magaziini ya bakyala. Eky'ennaku, Santa yaffa nga azaala mu 1954. Obufumbo obw'emirundi egiwera bwaletera Kironde okubeera n'amakka abiri mu Amerika ne mu Bungereza. Omu ku bakyala be abo'luvannyuma yali Josephine Hawkins, gwe yawasa mu Newark, [[:en:New_Jersey|New Jersey]], mu 1966 ng'awereeza nga ambasada w'Ekibiina kya mawanga amagatte.<ref>{{Cite news|date=Aug 27, 1966|title=Apollo K. Kironde Weds Miss Hawkins|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1966/08/27/archives/apollo-k-kironde-weds-miss-hawkins.html|work=The New York Times Archives}}</ref> Awamu, yalina abaana abawerera ddala 16. === Okusoma kwe === * '''[[:en:King's_College,_Budo|King's College Budo]]''': Yamaliriza siniya ye kulino essomero. * '''[[:en:Makerere_University|Makerere College]] (University)''': Kironde yasooka kusoma busomesa ne sociology ku [[:en:Makerere_College|Makerere College]] (now [[:en:Makerere_University|Makerere University]]), ng'atendekebwa muntandikwa ng'omusomesa. Ekifaananyi kya muwalawe Katiti Kironde kyafulumira ku magazini ya women's magazine. == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} 6n4cxwk60bhrpsxwfzm6nl1rscafban Patrick Ocan 0 11601 59403 43528 2026-07-06T21:13:15Z Samson Ssemakadde 6903 ngaseeko amatuluba 59403 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Patrick Ocan''' (yazaalibwa 24 ,Ogwokuna 1978) munnayuganda omukugu mu byenfuna era munnabyabufuzi, nga yaliko Omubaka wa [[Parliament of Uganda|Palamenti]] eyali akiikirira Munisipaali ya Apac mu kibiina kya [[Uganda People's Congress]] (UPC).<ref>{{Cite web |last=administrator |date=2018-07-31 |title=Directly Elected Member of Parliament, Apac Municipality, Apac District |url=https://www.ec.or.ug/election/directly-elected-member-parliament-apac-municipality-apac-district |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Electoral Commission |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ocan Patrick - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/candidates/ocan-patrick-6865/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=administrator |date=2018-07-31 |title=Directly Elected Member of Parliament, Apac Municipality, Apac District |url=https://ec.or.ug/election/directly-elected-member-parliament-apac-municipality-apac-district |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Electoral Commission |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=administrator|date=2018-07-31|title=Directly Elected Member of Parliament, Apac Municipality, Apac District|url=https://ec.or.ug/election/directly-elected-member-parliament-apac-municipality-apac-district|access-date=2023-02-04|website=Electoral Commission|language=en}}</ref> == Obulamu n’okusoma kwe == Ocan yasomera ku [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]] gye yatikkirwa ne ddiguli esooka mu nkyuka kyuka y'eby'enfuna mu by'amaguzi (Bachelor's degree in ''Qualitative economics'').<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hon.Ocan Patrick |url=https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/ocan-patrick/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=MPScan Uganda |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127054711/https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/ocan-patrick/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Emirimu gy’ebyobufuzi == Ocan yalondebwa mu [[Parliament of Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] okukiikirira [[Apac (disitulikit)|disitulikiti y’e Apac]] mu 2018 kubendera ya UPC n’afuna obululu 6,597. Oluvannyuma lw’obuwanguzi bwe, [[Centenary Bank|Bbanka ya Centenary]] yazukusa omusango gw'obufere ogwali gumazze emyaka 12 nga bavunaana Ocan, ekyamuvirako okukwataibwa. Yavunaanibwa okufera bbanka obukadde bwa ssente za Uganda 25 oluvanyuma lw'okukizuula nti ssente zaali zibuze okuva mu gwanika lya banka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2021 |title=Centenary Bank wants Apac MP race winner arrested |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/centenary-bank-wants-apac-mp-race-winner-arrested--1770852 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-07-29 |title=APAC MP elect had been hiding from court, now a wanted man |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2018/07/29/apac-mp-elect-had-been-hiding-from-court-now-a-wanted-man/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Nile Post |language=en-US}}</ref> Ocan yeegaana ebyali bigambibwa , ng'agamba nti bbanka yaferebwa, oluvannyuma lwa kasitoma okuleeta sente za ddoola okumukyusizaamu, wabula nga byali bicupuli ekintu ky'atazulirawo mu kusooka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-11 |title=Lawyer to DPP: Try Apac MP-elect |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/lawyer-to-dpp-try-apac-mp-elect--1772282 |access-date=2025-12-17 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Ocan yaggyibwa mu kifo kye mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|palamenti]] Kkooti ya Uganda eya Ssemateeka mu Gwekumineebiri 2019, ng'ali n'ababaka abalala bataano. Ensala y’omusango eno yakolebwa eyaliko omubaka wa Palamenti eyali akiikirira Bufumbira East, Eddie Kwizera. Omusango guno gwasomooza nnyo banamateeka ab'ebitundu omukaaga gyebalondera omwali [[Apac (disitulikit)|disitulikiti ya Apac]] ebyatondebwawo oluvannyuma lw’okulonda kwa 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Independent |date=2020-02-07 |title=Expelled MPs did not get fair hearing- Lawyers |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/expelled-mps-did-not-get-fair-hearing-lawyers/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Wandati |first=Michael |date=2019-12-28 |title=Why Ugandan court kicked out six MPs out of Parliament |url=https://www.dispatch.ug/2019/12/28/ugandan-court-kicked-six-mps-parliament/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Kampala Dispatch |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122075129/https://www.dispatch.ug/2019/12/28/ugandan-court-kicked-six-mps-parliament/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kkooti yalangirira nti ebitundu byonna omukaaga tebirina makulu. Kkooti yalangirira ebitundu byonna omukaaga nti tebyaliwo mu mateeka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=OCAN PATRICK - UGLEADER |url=https://ugleader.com/leader/1074/ocan-patrick |access-date=2025-12-17 |website=ugleader.com}}</ref> Mu 2025, Ocan yalangirira ekigendererwa kye eky'okwesimbawo nga talina kibiina mu kalulu ka 2026 ak'omulundi ogwe 11, oluvannyuma lw'okubeera nga baali bamuwezze okuva mu kibiina kya UPC. Yakola okulangirira kuno bwebaali mu kutendekebwa okwabanamwandu okwali okwenaku esatu, nga kuno kwali kutegekeddwa ekibiina ekitadukanyizibwa gavumeenti eky'e Kanisa ya Uganda eya St. Thomas mu Apac.<ref>{{Cite web |title=No Turning Back |url=https://lcctvuganda.com/no-turning-back/ |access-date=2025-12-13 |website=LCCTV Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-07 |title=Tension rises as MP Ocan is expelled from UPC |url=https://www.radiocomnetu.org/radioapac/2025/07/07/1236/ |access-date=2025-12-13 |website=Radio Apac |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-22 |title=West Nile, Lango and Teso battle of titans |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/elections/west-nile-lango-and-teso-battle-of-titans-5239804 |access-date=2025-12-17 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Laba ne == * Olukalala lwa babaka ba Palamenti ya Uganda eye 10. * [[Maxwell Akora]] * [[Yovan Adriko]] * [[Uganda People's Congress]] * Olukalala lwa babaka ba Palamenti ya Uganda eye 111 == Ebijuliziddwa == # {{Cite web |last=administrator |date=2018-07-31 |title=Directly Elected Member of Parliament, Apac Municipality, Apac District |url=https://www.ec.or.ug/election/directly-elected-member-parliament-apac-municipality-apac-district |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Electoral Commission |language=en}} # {{Cite web |title=Ocan Patrick - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/candidates/ocan-patrick-6865/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}} # {{Citation|title=Okello takes on Ocan for Apac seat|date=19 December 2020|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ujj7sROVfc4|language=en|access-date=2023-02-04}} # {{Cite web |last=administrator |date=2018-07-31 |title=Directly Elected Member of Parliament, Apac Municipality, Apac District |url=https://ec.or.ug/election/directly-elected-member-parliament-apac-municipality-apac-district |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Electoral Commission |language=en}} # {{Cite web |title=Hon.Ocan Patrick |url=https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/ocan-patrick/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=MPScan Uganda |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127054711/https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/ocan-patrick/ |url-status=dead }} # {{Cite web |date=12 January 2021 |title=Centenary Bank wants Apac MP race winner arrested |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/centenary-bank-wants-apac-mp-race-winner-arrested--1770852 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}} # {{Cite web |date=2018-07-29 |title=APAC MP elect had been hiding from court, now a wanted man |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2018/07/29/apac-mp-elect-had-been-hiding-from-court-now-a-wanted-man/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Nile Post |language=en-US}} # {{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Independent |date=2020-02-07 |title=Expelled MPs did not get fair hearing- Lawyers |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/expelled-mps-did-not-get-fair-hearing-lawyers/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}} # {{Cite web |last1=Wandati |first1=Michael |date=2019-12-28 |title=Why Ugandan court kicked out six MPs out of Parliament |url=https://www.dispatch.ug/2019/12/28/ugandan-court-kicked-six-mps-parliament/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Kampala Dispatch |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122075129/https://www.dispatch.ug/2019/12/28/ugandan-court-kicked-six-mps-parliament/ |url-status=dead }}{{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ocan, Patrick}} [[matuluba:Abantu abaasomerako ku Makerere University]] nhlg2ab97ddf95bp54mw4cpk1zesk96 59404 59403 2026-07-06T21:14:20Z Samson Ssemakadde 6903 ngaseeko amatuluba 59404 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Patrick Ocan''' (yazaalibwa 24 ,Ogwokuna 1978) munnayuganda omukugu mu byenfuna era munnabyabufuzi, nga yaliko Omubaka wa [[Parliament of Uganda|Palamenti]] eyali akiikirira Munisipaali ya Apac mu kibiina kya [[Uganda People's Congress]] (UPC).<ref>{{Cite web |last=administrator |date=2018-07-31 |title=Directly Elected Member of Parliament, Apac Municipality, Apac District |url=https://www.ec.or.ug/election/directly-elected-member-parliament-apac-municipality-apac-district |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Electoral Commission |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ocan Patrick - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/candidates/ocan-patrick-6865/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=administrator |date=2018-07-31 |title=Directly Elected Member of Parliament, Apac Municipality, Apac District |url=https://ec.or.ug/election/directly-elected-member-parliament-apac-municipality-apac-district |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Electoral Commission |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=administrator|date=2018-07-31|title=Directly Elected Member of Parliament, Apac Municipality, Apac District|url=https://ec.or.ug/election/directly-elected-member-parliament-apac-municipality-apac-district|access-date=2023-02-04|website=Electoral Commission|language=en}}</ref> == Obulamu n’okusoma kwe == Ocan yasomera ku [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]] gye yatikkirwa ne ddiguli esooka mu nkyuka kyuka y'eby'enfuna mu by'amaguzi (Bachelor's degree in ''Qualitative economics'').<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hon.Ocan Patrick |url=https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/ocan-patrick/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=MPScan Uganda |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127054711/https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/ocan-patrick/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Emirimu gy’ebyobufuzi == Ocan yalondebwa mu [[Parliament of Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] okukiikirira [[Apac (disitulikit)|disitulikiti y’e Apac]] mu 2018 kubendera ya UPC n’afuna obululu 6,597. Oluvannyuma lw’obuwanguzi bwe, [[Centenary Bank|Bbanka ya Centenary]] yazukusa omusango gw'obufere ogwali gumazze emyaka 12 nga bavunaana Ocan, ekyamuvirako okukwataibwa. Yavunaanibwa okufera bbanka obukadde bwa ssente za Uganda 25 oluvanyuma lw'okukizuula nti ssente zaali zibuze okuva mu gwanika lya banka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2021 |title=Centenary Bank wants Apac MP race winner arrested |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/centenary-bank-wants-apac-mp-race-winner-arrested--1770852 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-07-29 |title=APAC MP elect had been hiding from court, now a wanted man |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2018/07/29/apac-mp-elect-had-been-hiding-from-court-now-a-wanted-man/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Nile Post |language=en-US}}</ref> Ocan yeegaana ebyali bigambibwa , ng'agamba nti bbanka yaferebwa, oluvannyuma lwa kasitoma okuleeta sente za ddoola okumukyusizaamu, wabula nga byali bicupuli ekintu ky'atazulirawo mu kusooka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-11 |title=Lawyer to DPP: Try Apac MP-elect |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/lawyer-to-dpp-try-apac-mp-elect--1772282 |access-date=2025-12-17 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Ocan yaggyibwa mu kifo kye mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|palamenti]] Kkooti ya Uganda eya Ssemateeka mu Gwekumineebiri 2019, ng'ali n'ababaka abalala bataano. Ensala y’omusango eno yakolebwa eyaliko omubaka wa Palamenti eyali akiikirira Bufumbira East, Eddie Kwizera. Omusango guno gwasomooza nnyo banamateeka ab'ebitundu omukaaga gyebalondera omwali [[Apac (disitulikit)|disitulikiti ya Apac]] ebyatondebwawo oluvannyuma lw’okulonda kwa 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Independent |date=2020-02-07 |title=Expelled MPs did not get fair hearing- Lawyers |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/expelled-mps-did-not-get-fair-hearing-lawyers/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Wandati |first=Michael |date=2019-12-28 |title=Why Ugandan court kicked out six MPs out of Parliament |url=https://www.dispatch.ug/2019/12/28/ugandan-court-kicked-six-mps-parliament/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Kampala Dispatch |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122075129/https://www.dispatch.ug/2019/12/28/ugandan-court-kicked-six-mps-parliament/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kkooti yalangirira nti ebitundu byonna omukaaga tebirina makulu. Kkooti yalangirira ebitundu byonna omukaaga nti tebyaliwo mu mateeka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=OCAN PATRICK - UGLEADER |url=https://ugleader.com/leader/1074/ocan-patrick |access-date=2025-12-17 |website=ugleader.com}}</ref> Mu 2025, Ocan yalangirira ekigendererwa kye eky'okwesimbawo nga talina kibiina mu kalulu ka 2026 ak'omulundi ogwe 11, oluvannyuma lw'okubeera nga baali bamuwezze okuva mu kibiina kya UPC. Yakola okulangirira kuno bwebaali mu kutendekebwa okwabanamwandu okwali okwenaku esatu, nga kuno kwali kutegekeddwa ekibiina ekitadukanyizibwa gavumeenti eky'e Kanisa ya Uganda eya St. Thomas mu Apac.<ref>{{Cite web |title=No Turning Back |url=https://lcctvuganda.com/no-turning-back/ |access-date=2025-12-13 |website=LCCTV Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-07 |title=Tension rises as MP Ocan is expelled from UPC |url=https://www.radiocomnetu.org/radioapac/2025/07/07/1236/ |access-date=2025-12-13 |website=Radio Apac |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-22 |title=West Nile, Lango and Teso battle of titans |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/elections/west-nile-lango-and-teso-battle-of-titans-5239804 |access-date=2025-12-17 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Laba ne == * Olukalala lwa babaka ba Palamenti ya Uganda eye 10. * [[Maxwell Akora]] * [[Yovan Adriko]] * [[Uganda People's Congress]] * Olukalala lwa babaka ba Palamenti ya Uganda eye 111 == Ebijuliziddwa == # {{Cite web |last=administrator |date=2018-07-31 |title=Directly Elected Member of Parliament, Apac Municipality, Apac District |url=https://www.ec.or.ug/election/directly-elected-member-parliament-apac-municipality-apac-district |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Electoral Commission |language=en}} # {{Cite web |title=Ocan Patrick - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/candidates/ocan-patrick-6865/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}} # {{Citation|title=Okello takes on Ocan for Apac seat|date=19 December 2020|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ujj7sROVfc4|language=en|access-date=2023-02-04}} # {{Cite web |last=administrator |date=2018-07-31 |title=Directly Elected Member of Parliament, Apac Municipality, Apac District |url=https://ec.or.ug/election/directly-elected-member-parliament-apac-municipality-apac-district |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Electoral Commission |language=en}} # {{Cite web |title=Hon.Ocan Patrick |url=https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/ocan-patrick/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=MPScan Uganda |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127054711/https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/ocan-patrick/ |url-status=dead }} # {{Cite web |date=12 January 2021 |title=Centenary Bank wants Apac MP race winner arrested |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/centenary-bank-wants-apac-mp-race-winner-arrested--1770852 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}} # {{Cite web |date=2018-07-29 |title=APAC MP elect had been hiding from court, now a wanted man |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2018/07/29/apac-mp-elect-had-been-hiding-from-court-now-a-wanted-man/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Nile Post |language=en-US}} # {{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Independent |date=2020-02-07 |title=Expelled MPs did not get fair hearing- Lawyers |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/expelled-mps-did-not-get-fair-hearing-lawyers/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}} # {{Cite web |last1=Wandati |first1=Michael |date=2019-12-28 |title=Why Ugandan court kicked out six MPs out of Parliament |url=https://www.dispatch.ug/2019/12/28/ugandan-court-kicked-six-mps-parliament/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Kampala Dispatch |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122075129/https://www.dispatch.ug/2019/12/28/ugandan-court-kicked-six-mps-parliament/ |url-status=dead }}{{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ocan, Patrick}} [[matuluba:]] rk7p2x0amf5xte6elqs9850dqemoo38 59405 59404 2026-07-06T21:18:42Z Samson Ssemakadde 6903 Ngaseeko amatuluba 59405 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Patrick Ocan''' (yazaalibwa 24 ,Ogwokuna 1978) munnayuganda omukugu mu byenfuna era munnabyabufuzi, nga yaliko Omubaka wa [[Parliament of Uganda|Palamenti]] eyali akiikirira Munisipaali ya Apac mu kibiina kya [[Uganda People's Congress]] (UPC).<ref>{{Cite web |last=administrator |date=2018-07-31 |title=Directly Elected Member of Parliament, Apac Municipality, Apac District |url=https://www.ec.or.ug/election/directly-elected-member-parliament-apac-municipality-apac-district |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Electoral Commission |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ocan Patrick - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/candidates/ocan-patrick-6865/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=administrator |date=2018-07-31 |title=Directly Elected Member of Parliament, Apac Municipality, Apac District |url=https://ec.or.ug/election/directly-elected-member-parliament-apac-municipality-apac-district |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Electoral Commission |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=administrator|date=2018-07-31|title=Directly Elected Member of Parliament, Apac Municipality, Apac District|url=https://ec.or.ug/election/directly-elected-member-parliament-apac-municipality-apac-district|access-date=2023-02-04|website=Electoral Commission|language=en}}</ref> == Obulamu n’okusoma kwe == Ocan yasomera ku [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]] gye yatikkirwa ne ddiguli esooka mu nkyuka kyuka y'eby'enfuna mu by'amaguzi (Bachelor's degree in ''Qualitative economics'').<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hon.Ocan Patrick |url=https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/ocan-patrick/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=MPScan Uganda |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127054711/https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/ocan-patrick/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Emirimu gy’ebyobufuzi == Ocan yalondebwa mu [[Parliament of Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] okukiikirira [[Apac (disitulikit)|disitulikiti y’e Apac]] mu 2018 kubendera ya UPC n’afuna obululu 6,597. Oluvannyuma lw’obuwanguzi bwe, [[Centenary Bank|Bbanka ya Centenary]] yazukusa omusango gw'obufere ogwali gumazze emyaka 12 nga bavunaana Ocan, ekyamuvirako okukwataibwa. Yavunaanibwa okufera bbanka obukadde bwa ssente za Uganda 25 oluvanyuma lw'okukizuula nti ssente zaali zibuze okuva mu gwanika lya banka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2021 |title=Centenary Bank wants Apac MP race winner arrested |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/centenary-bank-wants-apac-mp-race-winner-arrested--1770852 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-07-29 |title=APAC MP elect had been hiding from court, now a wanted man |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2018/07/29/apac-mp-elect-had-been-hiding-from-court-now-a-wanted-man/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Nile Post |language=en-US}}</ref> Ocan yeegaana ebyali bigambibwa , ng'agamba nti bbanka yaferebwa, oluvannyuma lwa kasitoma okuleeta sente za ddoola okumukyusizaamu, wabula nga byali bicupuli ekintu ky'atazulirawo mu kusooka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-11 |title=Lawyer to DPP: Try Apac MP-elect |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/lawyer-to-dpp-try-apac-mp-elect--1772282 |access-date=2025-12-17 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Ocan yaggyibwa mu kifo kye mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|palamenti]] Kkooti ya Uganda eya Ssemateeka mu Gwekumineebiri 2019, ng'ali n'ababaka abalala bataano. Ensala y’omusango eno yakolebwa eyaliko omubaka wa Palamenti eyali akiikirira Bufumbira East, Eddie Kwizera. Omusango guno gwasomooza nnyo banamateeka ab'ebitundu omukaaga gyebalondera omwali [[Apac (disitulikit)|disitulikiti ya Apac]] ebyatondebwawo oluvannyuma lw’okulonda kwa 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Independent |date=2020-02-07 |title=Expelled MPs did not get fair hearing- Lawyers |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/expelled-mps-did-not-get-fair-hearing-lawyers/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Wandati |first=Michael |date=2019-12-28 |title=Why Ugandan court kicked out six MPs out of Parliament |url=https://www.dispatch.ug/2019/12/28/ugandan-court-kicked-six-mps-parliament/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Kampala Dispatch |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122075129/https://www.dispatch.ug/2019/12/28/ugandan-court-kicked-six-mps-parliament/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kkooti yalangirira nti ebitundu byonna omukaaga tebirina makulu. Kkooti yalangirira ebitundu byonna omukaaga nti tebyaliwo mu mateeka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=OCAN PATRICK - UGLEADER |url=https://ugleader.com/leader/1074/ocan-patrick |access-date=2025-12-17 |website=ugleader.com}}</ref> Mu 2025, Ocan yalangirira ekigendererwa kye eky'okwesimbawo nga talina kibiina mu kalulu ka 2026 ak'omulundi ogwe 11, oluvannyuma lw'okubeera nga baali bamuwezze okuva mu kibiina kya UPC. Yakola okulangirira kuno bwebaali mu kutendekebwa okwabanamwandu okwali okwenaku esatu, nga kuno kwali kutegekeddwa ekibiina ekitadukanyizibwa gavumeenti eky'e Kanisa ya Uganda eya St. Thomas mu Apac.<ref>{{Cite web |title=No Turning Back |url=https://lcctvuganda.com/no-turning-back/ |access-date=2025-12-13 |website=LCCTV Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-07 |title=Tension rises as MP Ocan is expelled from UPC |url=https://www.radiocomnetu.org/radioapac/2025/07/07/1236/ |access-date=2025-12-13 |website=Radio Apac |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-22 |title=West Nile, Lango and Teso battle of titans |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/elections/west-nile-lango-and-teso-battle-of-titans-5239804 |access-date=2025-12-17 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Laba ne == * Olukalala lwa babaka ba Palamenti ya Uganda eye 10. * [[Maxwell Akora]] * [[Yovan Adriko]] * [[Uganda People's Congress]] * Olukalala lwa babaka ba Palamenti ya Uganda eye 111 == Ebijuliziddwa == # {{Cite web |last=administrator |date=2018-07-31 |title=Directly Elected Member of Parliament, Apac Municipality, Apac District |url=https://www.ec.or.ug/election/directly-elected-member-parliament-apac-municipality-apac-district |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Electoral Commission |language=en}} # {{Cite web |title=Ocan Patrick - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/candidates/ocan-patrick-6865/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}} # {{Citation|title=Okello takes on Ocan for Apac seat|date=19 December 2020|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ujj7sROVfc4|language=en|access-date=2023-02-04}} # {{Cite web |last=administrator |date=2018-07-31 |title=Directly Elected Member of Parliament, Apac Municipality, Apac District |url=https://ec.or.ug/election/directly-elected-member-parliament-apac-municipality-apac-district |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Electoral Commission |language=en}} # {{Cite web |title=Hon.Ocan Patrick |url=https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/ocan-patrick/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=MPScan Uganda |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127054711/https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/ocan-patrick/ |url-status=dead }} # {{Cite web |date=12 January 2021 |title=Centenary Bank wants Apac MP race winner arrested |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/centenary-bank-wants-apac-mp-race-winner-arrested--1770852 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}} # {{Cite web |date=2018-07-29 |title=APAC MP elect had been hiding from court, now a wanted man |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2018/07/29/apac-mp-elect-had-been-hiding-from-court-now-a-wanted-man/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Nile Post |language=en-US}} # {{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Independent |date=2020-02-07 |title=Expelled MPs did not get fair hearing- Lawyers |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/expelled-mps-did-not-get-fair-hearing-lawyers/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}} # {{Cite web |last1=Wandati |first1=Michael |date=2019-12-28 |title=Why Ugandan court kicked out six MPs out of Parliament |url=https://www.dispatch.ug/2019/12/28/ugandan-court-kicked-six-mps-parliament/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Kampala Dispatch |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122075129/https://www.dispatch.ug/2019/12/28/ugandan-court-kicked-six-mps-parliament/ |url-status=dead }}{{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ocan, Patrick}} [[matuluba:]] [[Category:Abaazalibwa mu 1978]] [[Category:Abantu abaali basomeddeko ku Makerere Yunivasite]] [[Category:Bannayuganda ab'enzikiriza y'Obukatuliki]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'e 11]] [[Category:Banabyabufuzi ab'ekibiina kya Uganda People's Congress]] s97z4visqji2834821eo7bjha4hoazj Els de Temmerman 0 12129 59395 42440 2026-07-06T19:52:09Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 corrected grammar and punctuations 59395 wikitext text/x-wiki # '''Els De Temmerman''' (yazaalibwa 10 Ogwokubiri 1962, [[Oudenaarde]] ) Mubirigi eyali munnamawulire eyatandikawo ekitongole ki [[Child Soldiers]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Childsoldiers.net |url=http://www.childsoldiers.net/ |access-date=28 August 2006}}</ref> ekitongole ekyewaayo ku [[kubudaabuda]] kw'[[abaana abayingizibwa mu busirikale bw'ekiyeekera]] mu [[Afirika]] . N'era ye muwandiisi w’ekitabo [[Aboke Girls,]] ekitabo ekikwata ku [[kuwambibwa kw'abayizi abawala mu Aboke]] mu Bukiikakkono bwa Uganda mu 1996 . Nga tannatandika mirimu gye nga munnamawulire, yasomesa mu yasomesaako ku yunivasite y'e Feng Chia, China. Era yakolako n'kittongole ky'abasawo abatalina nsalo ekiyamba abaana abaakavubuka n'abakoseddwa n'okusimattuka obutabanguko mu mukwano kiyite Doctor without Borders ([[MSF]]) mu [[Sudaani|Sudan]] . Nga 12 Omwezi ogwekkuminoogumu 2006, yalondebwa okuba omusunsuzi omukulu ow’olupapula lw’amawulire olusangibwa mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]], ''[[New Vision (olupapula lw'amawulire)|New Vision]]'' . Okulondebwa kuno kwatandika okukola nga 1 Omwezi ogwekkumi n'ebiri 2006. <ref>{{Cite web |title=New Vision: Staff |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/V/S/4 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109092050/http://www.newvision.co.ug/V/S/4 |archive-date=9 January 2010 |access-date=27 January 2010}}</ref> Yalekulira mu October 2008. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=De Temmerman stapt op als hoofdredactrice Oegandese krant - Buitenland - De Morgen |url=http://www.demorgen.be/dm/nl/990/Buitenland/article/detail/464280/2008/10/24/De-Temmerman-stapt-op-als-hoofdredactrice-Oegandese-krant.dhtml |access-date=12 May 2012 |publisher=Demorgen.be |language=Dutch}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Els De Temmerman stapt op als Oegandese krantenbaas - Het Nieuwsblad |url=http://www.nieuwsblad.be/article/detail.aspx?articleid=PA2279JH |access-date=12 May 2012 |publisher=Nieuwsblad.be |language=Dutch}}</ref> Mu 2010, ekibiina ky’amawanga amagatte kyesigisa Els De Temmerman okutandikawo ekifo ekibudamya abaana abato ayingizibwa mu buserikale bw'ekiyeekera mu bukiikakkono bw’obuvanjuba bwa Congo, kye yaggulawo mu 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Knack |first=Redactie |date=2013-01-29 |title='AFRIKA, IK ZAL ER NOOIT VAN GENEZEN' |url=https://www.knack.be/magazine/afrika-ik-zal-er-nooit-van-genezen/ |access-date=2022-07-10 |website=Knack |language=nl}}</ref> Els De Temmerman mufumbo ne mufumbo eyawasa [[Johan Van Hecke]] munnabyabufuzi Omubirigi abeera mu [[Oosterzele]] . Mu 2008, ye ne Van Hecke baafuuka bannannyini wooteeri ya Cassia Lodge mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]] . Nga 7th Omwezi ogwomusanvu 2011, yazaala abaana ab’obuwala ababiri . Mu 2018, De Temmerman ne Van Hecke baatunda Cassia Lodge, oluvannyuma n’atandikawo wooteeri empya eyitibwa Kaazi Beach Resort. == Ebijuliziddwa == {{DEFAULTSORT:De Temmerman, Els}} # {{cite web |title=Childsoldiers.net |url=http://www.childsoldiers.net/ |accessdate=28 August 2006}} # {{cite web |title=New Vision: Staff |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/V/S/4 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109092050/http://www.newvision.co.ug/V/S/4 |archivedate=9 January 2010 |accessdate=27 January 2010}} # {{cite web |author= |date= |title=De Temmerman stapt op als hoofdredactrice Oegandese krant - Buitenland - De Morgen |url=http://www.demorgen.be/dm/nl/990/Buitenland/article/detail/464280/2008/10/24/De-Temmerman-stapt-op-als-hoofdredactrice-Oegandese-krant.dhtml |accessdate=12 May 2012 |publisher=Demorgen.be |language=Dutch}} # {{cite web |author= |date= |title=Els De Temmerman stapt op als Oegandese krantenbaas - Het Nieuwsblad |url=http://www.nieuwsblad.be/article/detail.aspx?articleid=PA2279JH |accessdate=12 May 2012 |publisher=Nieuwsblad.be |language=Dutch}} # {{Cite web |last=Knack |first=Redactie |date=2013-01-29 |title='AFRIKA, IK ZAL ER NOOIT VAN GENEZEN' |url=https://www.knack.be/magazine/afrika-ik-zal-er-nooit-van-genezen/ |access-date=2022-07-10 |website=Knack |language=nl}} # {{Cite web |last=Knack |first=Redactie |date=2013-01-29 |title='AFRIKA, IK ZAL ER NOOIT VAN GENEZEN' |url=https://www.knack.be/magazine/afrika-ik-zal-er-nooit-van-genezen/ |access-date=2022-07-10 |website=Knack |language=nl}} # [https://web.archive.org/web/20240324000915/https://www.nieuwsblad.be/cnt/q43cebs6 Els De Temmerman (49) mama van Lara en Maya]; ''Het Nieuwsblad'', 7 juli 2011] # # {{cite web |title=Childsoldiers.net |url=http://www.childsoldiers.net/ |accessdate=28 August 2006}} # {{cite web |title=New Vision: Staff |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/V/S/4 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109092050/http://www.newvision.co.ug/V/S/4 |archivedate=9 January 2010 |accessdate=27 January 2010}} # {{cite web |author= |date= |title=De Temmerman stapt op als hoofdredactrice Oegandese krant - Buitenland - De Morgen |url=http://www.demorgen.be/dm/nl/990/Buitenland/article/detail/464280/2008/10/24/De-Temmerman-stapt-op-als-hoofdredactrice-Oegandese-krant.dhtml |accessdate=12 May 2012 |publisher=Demorgen.be |language=Dutch}} # {{cite web |author= |date= |title=Els De Temmerman stapt op als Oegandese krantenbaas - Het Nieuwsblad |url=http://www.nieuwsblad.be/article/detail.aspx?articleid=PA2279JH |accessdate=12 May 2012 |publisher=Nieuwsblad.be |language=Dutch}} # {{Cite web |last=Knack |first=Redactie |date=2013-01-29 |title='AFRIKA, IK ZAL ER NOOIT VAN GENEZEN' |url=https://www.knack.be/magazine/afrika-ik-zal-er-nooit-van-genezen/ |access-date=2022-07-10 |website=Knack |language=nl}} # {{Cite web |last=Knack |first=Redactie |date=2013-01-29 |title='AFRIKA, IK ZAL ER NOOIT VAN GENEZEN' |url=https://www.knack.be/magazine/afrika-ik-zal-er-nooit-van-genezen/ |access-date=2022-07-10 |website=Knack |language=nl}} # [https://web.archive.org/web/20240324000915/https://www.nieuwsblad.be/cnt/q43cebs6 Els De Temmerman (49) mama van Lara en Maya]; ''Het Nieuwsblad'', 7 juli 2011] # [https://www.nieuwsblad.be/cnt/dmf20220622_96799041 Cath Luyten bezoekt voormalig CD&V-voorzitter Johan Van Hecke in Oeganda] f9b35zgk0wra6iqrvwfbx0brf3khcea 59396 59395 2026-07-06T19:55:40Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 added a Databox 59396 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ Databox }}'''Els De Temmerman''' (yazaalibwa 10 Ogwokubiri 1962, [[Oudenaarde]] ) Mubirigi eyali munnamawulire eyatandikawo ekitongole ki [[Child Soldiers]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Childsoldiers.net |url=http://www.childsoldiers.net/ |access-date=28 August 2006}}</ref> ekitongole ekyewaayo ku [[kubudaabuda]] kw'[[abaana abayingizibwa mu busirikale bw'ekiyeekera]] mu [[Afirika]] . N'era ye muwandiisi w’ekitabo [[Aboke Girls,]] ekitabo ekikwata ku [[kuwambibwa kw'abayizi abawala mu Aboke]] mu Bukiikakkono bwa Uganda mu 1996 . Nga tannatandika mirimu gye nga munnamawulire, yasomesa mu yasomesaako ku yunivasite y'e Feng Chia, China. Era yakolako n'kittongole ky'abasawo abatalina nsalo ekiyamba abaana abaakavubuka n'abakoseddwa n'okusimattuka obutabanguko mu mukwano kiyite Doctor without Borders ([[MSF]]) mu [[Sudaani|Sudan]] . Nga 12 Omwezi ogwekkuminoogumu 2006, yalondebwa okuba omusunsuzi omukulu ow’olupapula lw’amawulire olusangibwa mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]], ''[[New Vision (olupapula lw'amawulire)|New Vision]]'' . Okulondebwa kuno kwatandika okukola nga 1 Omwezi ogwekkumi n'ebiri 2006. <ref>{{Cite web |title=New Vision: Staff |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/V/S/4 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109092050/http://www.newvision.co.ug/V/S/4 |archive-date=9 January 2010 |access-date=27 January 2010}}</ref> Yalekulira mu October 2008. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=De Temmerman stapt op als hoofdredactrice Oegandese krant - Buitenland - De Morgen |url=http://www.demorgen.be/dm/nl/990/Buitenland/article/detail/464280/2008/10/24/De-Temmerman-stapt-op-als-hoofdredactrice-Oegandese-krant.dhtml |access-date=12 May 2012 |publisher=Demorgen.be |language=Dutch}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Els De Temmerman stapt op als Oegandese krantenbaas - Het Nieuwsblad |url=http://www.nieuwsblad.be/article/detail.aspx?articleid=PA2279JH |access-date=12 May 2012 |publisher=Nieuwsblad.be |language=Dutch}}</ref> Mu 2010, ekibiina ky’amawanga amagatte kyesigisa Els De Temmerman okutandikawo ekifo ekibudamya abaana abato ayingizibwa mu buserikale bw'ekiyeekera mu bukiikakkono bw’obuvanjuba bwa Congo, kye yaggulawo mu 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Knack |first=Redactie |date=2013-01-29 |title='AFRIKA, IK ZAL ER NOOIT VAN GENEZEN' |url=https://www.knack.be/magazine/afrika-ik-zal-er-nooit-van-genezen/ |access-date=2022-07-10 |website=Knack |language=nl}}</ref> Els De Temmerman mufumbo ne mufumbo eyawasa [[Johan Van Hecke]] munnabyabufuzi Omubirigi abeera mu [[Oosterzele]] . Mu 2008, ye ne Van Hecke baafuuka bannannyini wooteeri ya Cassia Lodge mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]] . Nga 7th Omwezi ogwomusanvu 2011, yazaala abaana ab’obuwala ababiri . Mu 2018, De Temmerman ne Van Hecke baatunda Cassia Lodge, oluvannyuma n’atandikawo wooteeri empya eyitibwa Kaazi Beach Resort. == Ebijuliziddwa == {{DEFAULTSORT:De Temmerman, Els}} # {{cite web |title=Childsoldiers.net |url=http://www.childsoldiers.net/ |accessdate=28 August 2006}} # {{cite web |title=New Vision: Staff |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/V/S/4 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109092050/http://www.newvision.co.ug/V/S/4 |archivedate=9 January 2010 |accessdate=27 January 2010}} # {{cite web |author= |date= |title=De Temmerman stapt op als hoofdredactrice Oegandese krant - Buitenland - De Morgen |url=http://www.demorgen.be/dm/nl/990/Buitenland/article/detail/464280/2008/10/24/De-Temmerman-stapt-op-als-hoofdredactrice-Oegandese-krant.dhtml |accessdate=12 May 2012 |publisher=Demorgen.be |language=Dutch}} # {{cite web |author= |date= |title=Els De Temmerman stapt op als Oegandese krantenbaas - Het Nieuwsblad |url=http://www.nieuwsblad.be/article/detail.aspx?articleid=PA2279JH |accessdate=12 May 2012 |publisher=Nieuwsblad.be |language=Dutch}} # {{Cite web |last=Knack |first=Redactie |date=2013-01-29 |title='AFRIKA, IK ZAL ER NOOIT VAN GENEZEN' |url=https://www.knack.be/magazine/afrika-ik-zal-er-nooit-van-genezen/ |access-date=2022-07-10 |website=Knack |language=nl}} # {{Cite web |last=Knack |first=Redactie |date=2013-01-29 |title='AFRIKA, IK ZAL ER NOOIT VAN GENEZEN' |url=https://www.knack.be/magazine/afrika-ik-zal-er-nooit-van-genezen/ |access-date=2022-07-10 |website=Knack |language=nl}} # [https://web.archive.org/web/20240324000915/https://www.nieuwsblad.be/cnt/q43cebs6 Els De Temmerman (49) mama van Lara en Maya]; ''Het Nieuwsblad'', 7 juli 2011] # # {{cite web |title=Childsoldiers.net |url=http://www.childsoldiers.net/ |accessdate=28 August 2006}} # {{cite web |title=New Vision: Staff |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/V/S/4 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109092050/http://www.newvision.co.ug/V/S/4 |archivedate=9 January 2010 |accessdate=27 January 2010}} # {{cite web |author= |date= |title=De Temmerman stapt op als hoofdredactrice Oegandese krant - Buitenland - De Morgen |url=http://www.demorgen.be/dm/nl/990/Buitenland/article/detail/464280/2008/10/24/De-Temmerman-stapt-op-als-hoofdredactrice-Oegandese-krant.dhtml |accessdate=12 May 2012 |publisher=Demorgen.be |language=Dutch}} # {{cite web |author= |date= |title=Els De Temmerman stapt op als Oegandese krantenbaas - Het Nieuwsblad |url=http://www.nieuwsblad.be/article/detail.aspx?articleid=PA2279JH |accessdate=12 May 2012 |publisher=Nieuwsblad.be |language=Dutch}} # {{Cite web |last=Knack |first=Redactie |date=2013-01-29 |title='AFRIKA, IK ZAL ER NOOIT VAN GENEZEN' |url=https://www.knack.be/magazine/afrika-ik-zal-er-nooit-van-genezen/ |access-date=2022-07-10 |website=Knack |language=nl}} # {{Cite web |last=Knack |first=Redactie |date=2013-01-29 |title='AFRIKA, IK ZAL ER NOOIT VAN GENEZEN' |url=https://www.knack.be/magazine/afrika-ik-zal-er-nooit-van-genezen/ |access-date=2022-07-10 |website=Knack |language=nl}} # [https://web.archive.org/web/20240324000915/https://www.nieuwsblad.be/cnt/q43cebs6 Els De Temmerman (49) mama van Lara en Maya]; ''Het Nieuwsblad'', 7 juli 2011] # [https://www.nieuwsblad.be/cnt/dmf20220622_96799041 Cath Luyten bezoekt voormalig CD&V-voorzitter Johan Van Hecke in Oeganda] 6wdrj08w369xov2h195p61oi2q5eogr 59397 59396 2026-07-06T20:02:45Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 corrected grammar and punctuations and spellings 59397 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ Databox }}'''Els De Temmerman''' (yazaalibwa 10 Ogwokubiri 1962, [[Oudenaarde]] ) Mubirigi eyali munnamawulire eyatandikawo ekitongole ki [[Child Soldiers]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Childsoldiers.net |url=http://www.childsoldiers.net/ |access-date=28 August 2006}}</ref> ekitongole ekyewaayo ku [[kubudaabuda]] kw'[[abaana abayingizibwa mu busirikale bw'ekiyeekera]] mu [[Afirika]] . N'era ye muwandiisi w’ekitabo [[Aboke Girls,]] ekitabo ekikwata ku [[kuwambibwa kw'abayizi abawala mu Aboke]] mu Bukiikakkono bwa Uganda mu 1996 . Nga tannatandika mirimu gye nga munnamawulire, yasomesaako ku yunivasite y'e Feng Chia mu China. Era yakolako n'ekitongole ky'abasawo abatalina nsalo ekiyamba abaana, abakavubuka n'abakoseddwa n'okusimattuka obutabanguko mu mukwano kiyite Doctor without Borders ([[MSF]]) mu [[Sudaani|Sudan]] . Nga 12 Ogwekkuminoogumu 2006, yalondebwa okuba omusunsuzi omukulu ow’olupapula lw’amawulire olusangibwa mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]], ''[[New Vision (olupapula lw'amawulire)|New Vision]]''. Okulondebwa kuno kwatandika okukola nga 1 Ogwekkumineebiri 2006. <ref>{{Cite web |title=New Vision: Staff |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/V/S/4 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109092050/http://www.newvision.co.ug/V/S/4 |archive-date=9 January 2010 |access-date=27 January 2010}}</ref> Yalekulira mu Gwekkumi 2008. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=De Temmerman stapt op als hoofdredactrice Oegandese krant - Buitenland - De Morgen |url=http://www.demorgen.be/dm/nl/990/Buitenland/article/detail/464280/2008/10/24/De-Temmerman-stapt-op-als-hoofdredactrice-Oegandese-krant.dhtml |access-date=12 May 2012 |publisher=Demorgen.be |language=Dutch}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Els De Temmerman stapt op als Oegandese krantenbaas - Het Nieuwsblad |url=http://www.nieuwsblad.be/article/detail.aspx?articleid=PA2279JH |access-date=12 May 2012 |publisher=Nieuwsblad.be |language=Dutch}}</ref> Mu 2010, ekibiina ky’amawanga amagatte kyesigisa Els De Temmerman okutandikawo ekifo ekibudamya abaana abato abayingizibwa mu buserikale bw'ekiyeekera mu bukiikakkono bw’obuvanjuba bwa Congo, kye yaggulawo mu 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Knack |first=Redactie |date=2013-01-29 |title='AFRIKA, IK ZAL ER NOOIT VAN GENEZEN' |url=https://www.knack.be/magazine/afrika-ik-zal-er-nooit-van-genezen/ |access-date=2022-07-10 |website=Knack |language=nl}}</ref> Els De Temmerman mufumbo ne mufumbo eyawasa [[Johan Van Hecke]] munnabyabufuzi Omubirigi abeera mu [[Oosterzele]] . Mu 2008, ye ne Van Hecke baafuuka bannannyini wooteeri ya Cassia Lodge mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]] . Nga 7th Omwezi ogwomusanvu 2011, yazaala abaana ab’obuwala ababiri . Mu 2018, De Temmerman ne Van Hecke baatunda Cassia Lodge, oluvannyuma n’atandikawo wooteeri empya eyitibwa Kaazi Beach Resort. == Ebijuliziddwa == {{DEFAULTSORT:De Temmerman, Els}} # {{cite web |title=Childsoldiers.net |url=http://www.childsoldiers.net/ |accessdate=28 August 2006}} # {{cite web |title=New Vision: Staff |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/V/S/4 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109092050/http://www.newvision.co.ug/V/S/4 |archivedate=9 January 2010 |accessdate=27 January 2010}} # {{cite web |author= |date= |title=De Temmerman stapt op als hoofdredactrice Oegandese krant - Buitenland - De Morgen |url=http://www.demorgen.be/dm/nl/990/Buitenland/article/detail/464280/2008/10/24/De-Temmerman-stapt-op-als-hoofdredactrice-Oegandese-krant.dhtml |accessdate=12 May 2012 |publisher=Demorgen.be |language=Dutch}} # {{cite web |author= |date= |title=Els De Temmerman stapt op als Oegandese krantenbaas - Het Nieuwsblad |url=http://www.nieuwsblad.be/article/detail.aspx?articleid=PA2279JH |accessdate=12 May 2012 |publisher=Nieuwsblad.be |language=Dutch}} # {{Cite web |last=Knack |first=Redactie |date=2013-01-29 |title='AFRIKA, IK ZAL ER NOOIT VAN GENEZEN' |url=https://www.knack.be/magazine/afrika-ik-zal-er-nooit-van-genezen/ |access-date=2022-07-10 |website=Knack |language=nl}} # {{Cite web |last=Knack |first=Redactie |date=2013-01-29 |title='AFRIKA, IK ZAL ER NOOIT VAN GENEZEN' |url=https://www.knack.be/magazine/afrika-ik-zal-er-nooit-van-genezen/ |access-date=2022-07-10 |website=Knack |language=nl}} # [https://web.archive.org/web/20240324000915/https://www.nieuwsblad.be/cnt/q43cebs6 Els De Temmerman (49) mama van Lara en Maya]; ''Het Nieuwsblad'', 7 juli 2011] # # {{cite web |title=Childsoldiers.net |url=http://www.childsoldiers.net/ |accessdate=28 August 2006}} # {{cite web |title=New Vision: Staff |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/V/S/4 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109092050/http://www.newvision.co.ug/V/S/4 |archivedate=9 January 2010 |accessdate=27 January 2010}} # {{cite web |author= |date= |title=De Temmerman stapt op als hoofdredactrice Oegandese krant - Buitenland - De Morgen |url=http://www.demorgen.be/dm/nl/990/Buitenland/article/detail/464280/2008/10/24/De-Temmerman-stapt-op-als-hoofdredactrice-Oegandese-krant.dhtml |accessdate=12 May 2012 |publisher=Demorgen.be |language=Dutch}} # {{cite web |author= |date= |title=Els De Temmerman stapt op als Oegandese krantenbaas - Het Nieuwsblad |url=http://www.nieuwsblad.be/article/detail.aspx?articleid=PA2279JH |accessdate=12 May 2012 |publisher=Nieuwsblad.be |language=Dutch}} # {{Cite web |last=Knack |first=Redactie |date=2013-01-29 |title='AFRIKA, IK ZAL ER NOOIT VAN GENEZEN' |url=https://www.knack.be/magazine/afrika-ik-zal-er-nooit-van-genezen/ |access-date=2022-07-10 |website=Knack |language=nl}} # {{Cite web |last=Knack |first=Redactie |date=2013-01-29 |title='AFRIKA, IK ZAL ER NOOIT VAN GENEZEN' |url=https://www.knack.be/magazine/afrika-ik-zal-er-nooit-van-genezen/ |access-date=2022-07-10 |website=Knack |language=nl}} # [https://web.archive.org/web/20240324000915/https://www.nieuwsblad.be/cnt/q43cebs6 Els De Temmerman (49) mama van Lara en Maya]; ''Het Nieuwsblad'', 7 juli 2011] # [https://www.nieuwsblad.be/cnt/dmf20220622_96799041 Cath Luyten bezoekt voormalig CD&V-voorzitter Johan Van Hecke in Oeganda] rlj7mwjl18n6lmr07ynisitd8rocnzk 59398 59397 2026-07-06T20:14:48Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added new paragraph 59398 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ Databox }}'''Els De Temmerman''' (yazaalibwa 10 February 1962, mu [[Oudenaarde]] ) ye yali [[Journalist|munnamawulire]] Omubirigi eyatandikawo, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Childsoldiers.net |url=http://www.childsoldiers.net/ |access-date=28 August 2006}}</ref> ekibiina ekigenderera okukomya okuwandiika abaana, okuwa obuyambi mu by'obwongo n'ebyenjigiriza nga bayita mu [[Rehabilitation (neuropsychology)|kuddaabiriza]] [[Child soldier|abaana abajaasi]] mu Africa n'okukola okufuna ssente ezibeezaawo obulamu bwabwe okwewala okuyingizibwa mu magye mu biseera eby'omu maaso. Era ye muwandiisi w'ekitabo ekiyitibwa ''[[Aboke abductions|Aboke Girls]]'', ekikwata ku [[Aboke abductions|kuwambibwa kw'abaana abawala mu Aboke]] mu 1996 mu [[Northern Uganda|Bukiikakkono bwa Uganda]] . Nga tannatandika mirimu gye nga munnamawulire, yasomesaako ku yunivasite y'e Feng Chia mu China. Era yakolako n'ekitongole ky'abasawo abatalina nsalo ekiyamba abaana, abakavubuka n'abakoseddwa n'okusimattuka obutabanguko mu mukwano kiyite Doctor without Borders ([[MSF]]) mu [[Sudaani|Sudan]] . Nga 12 Ogwekkuminoogumu 2006, yalondebwa okuba omusunsuzi omukulu ow’olupapula lw’amawulire olusangibwa mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]], ''[[New Vision (olupapula lw'amawulire)|New Vision]]''. Okulondebwa kuno kwatandika okukola nga 1 Ogwekkumineebiri 2006. <ref>{{Cite web |title=New Vision: Staff |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/V/S/4 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109092050/http://www.newvision.co.ug/V/S/4 |archive-date=9 January 2010 |access-date=27 January 2010}}</ref> Yalekulira mu Gwekkumi 2008. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=De Temmerman stapt op als hoofdredactrice Oegandese krant - Buitenland - De Morgen |url=http://www.demorgen.be/dm/nl/990/Buitenland/article/detail/464280/2008/10/24/De-Temmerman-stapt-op-als-hoofdredactrice-Oegandese-krant.dhtml |access-date=12 May 2012 |publisher=Demorgen.be |language=Dutch}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Els De Temmerman stapt op als Oegandese krantenbaas - Het Nieuwsblad |url=http://www.nieuwsblad.be/article/detail.aspx?articleid=PA2279JH |access-date=12 May 2012 |publisher=Nieuwsblad.be |language=Dutch}}</ref> Mu 2010, ekibiina ky’amawanga amagatte kyesigisa Els De Temmerman okutandikawo ekifo ekibudamya abaana abato abayingizibwa mu buserikale bw'ekiyeekera mu bukiikakkono bw’obuvanjuba bwa Congo, kye yaggulawo mu 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Knack |first=Redactie |date=2013-01-29 |title='AFRIKA, IK ZAL ER NOOIT VAN GENEZEN' |url=https://www.knack.be/magazine/afrika-ik-zal-er-nooit-van-genezen/ |access-date=2022-07-10 |website=Knack |language=nl}}</ref> Els De Temmerman mufumbo ne mufumbo eyawasa [[Johan Van Hecke]] munnabyabufuzi Omubirigi abeera mu [[Oosterzele]] . Mu 2008, ye ne Van Hecke baafuuka bannannyini wooteeri ya Cassia Lodge mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]] . Nga 7th Omwezi ogwomusanvu 2011, yazaala abaana ab’obuwala ababiri . Mu 2018, De Temmerman ne Van Hecke baatunda Cassia Lodge, oluvannyuma n’atandikawo wooteeri empya eyitibwa Kaazi Beach Resort. == Ebijuliziddwa == {{DEFAULTSORT:De Temmerman, Els}} # {{cite web |title=Childsoldiers.net |url=http://www.childsoldiers.net/ |accessdate=28 August 2006}} # {{cite web |title=New Vision: Staff |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/V/S/4 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109092050/http://www.newvision.co.ug/V/S/4 |archivedate=9 January 2010 |accessdate=27 January 2010}} # {{cite web |author= |date= |title=De Temmerman stapt op als hoofdredactrice Oegandese krant - Buitenland - De Morgen |url=http://www.demorgen.be/dm/nl/990/Buitenland/article/detail/464280/2008/10/24/De-Temmerman-stapt-op-als-hoofdredactrice-Oegandese-krant.dhtml |accessdate=12 May 2012 |publisher=Demorgen.be |language=Dutch}} # {{cite web |author= |date= |title=Els De Temmerman stapt op als Oegandese krantenbaas - Het Nieuwsblad |url=http://www.nieuwsblad.be/article/detail.aspx?articleid=PA2279JH |accessdate=12 May 2012 |publisher=Nieuwsblad.be |language=Dutch}} # {{Cite web |last=Knack |first=Redactie |date=2013-01-29 |title='AFRIKA, IK ZAL ER NOOIT VAN GENEZEN' |url=https://www.knack.be/magazine/afrika-ik-zal-er-nooit-van-genezen/ |access-date=2022-07-10 |website=Knack |language=nl}} # {{Cite web |last=Knack |first=Redactie |date=2013-01-29 |title='AFRIKA, IK ZAL ER NOOIT VAN GENEZEN' |url=https://www.knack.be/magazine/afrika-ik-zal-er-nooit-van-genezen/ |access-date=2022-07-10 |website=Knack |language=nl}} # [https://web.archive.org/web/20240324000915/https://www.nieuwsblad.be/cnt/q43cebs6 Els De Temmerman (49) mama van Lara en Maya]; ''Het Nieuwsblad'', 7 juli 2011] # # {{cite web |title=Childsoldiers.net |url=http://www.childsoldiers.net/ |accessdate=28 August 2006}} # {{cite web |title=New Vision: Staff |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/V/S/4 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109092050/http://www.newvision.co.ug/V/S/4 |archivedate=9 January 2010 |accessdate=27 January 2010}} # {{cite web |author= |date= |title=De Temmerman stapt op als hoofdredactrice Oegandese krant - Buitenland - De Morgen |url=http://www.demorgen.be/dm/nl/990/Buitenland/article/detail/464280/2008/10/24/De-Temmerman-stapt-op-als-hoofdredactrice-Oegandese-krant.dhtml |accessdate=12 May 2012 |publisher=Demorgen.be |language=Dutch}} # {{cite web |author= |date= |title=Els De Temmerman stapt op als Oegandese krantenbaas - Het Nieuwsblad |url=http://www.nieuwsblad.be/article/detail.aspx?articleid=PA2279JH |accessdate=12 May 2012 |publisher=Nieuwsblad.be |language=Dutch}} # {{Cite web |last=Knack |first=Redactie |date=2013-01-29 |title='AFRIKA, IK ZAL ER NOOIT VAN GENEZEN' |url=https://www.knack.be/magazine/afrika-ik-zal-er-nooit-van-genezen/ |access-date=2022-07-10 |website=Knack |language=nl}} # {{Cite web |last=Knack |first=Redactie |date=2013-01-29 |title='AFRIKA, IK ZAL ER NOOIT VAN GENEZEN' |url=https://www.knack.be/magazine/afrika-ik-zal-er-nooit-van-genezen/ |access-date=2022-07-10 |website=Knack |language=nl}} # [https://web.archive.org/web/20240324000915/https://www.nieuwsblad.be/cnt/q43cebs6 Els De Temmerman (49) mama van Lara en Maya]; ''Het Nieuwsblad'', 7 juli 2011] # [https://www.nieuwsblad.be/cnt/dmf20220622_96799041 Cath Luyten bezoekt voormalig CD&V-voorzitter Johan Van Hecke in Oeganda] 1xke84h9to2xgwue2yobu1gr4h2jwnl 59406 59398 2026-07-06T21:20:24Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 corrected grammar and punctuations 59406 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ Databox }}'''Els De Temmerman''' (yazaalibwa 10 February 1962, mu [[Oudenaarde]] ) ye yali [[Journalist|munnamawulire]] Omubirigi eyatandikawo, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Childsoldiers.net |url=http://www.childsoldiers.net/ |access-date=28 August 2006}}</ref> ekibiina ekigenderera okukomya okuyingiza abaana, okuwa obuyambi mu by'obwongo n'ebyenjigiriza nga bayita mu [[Rehabilitation (neuropsychology)|kuddaabiriza]] [[Child soldier|abaana abajaasi]] mu Africa abakola okufuna ssente ezibeezaawo obulamu bwabwe okwewala okuyingizibwa mu magye mu biseera eby'omu maaso. Era ye muwandiisi w'ekitabo ekiyitibwa ''[[Aboke Girls]]'', ekikwata ku [[Aboke abductions|kuwambibwa kw'abaana abawala mu Aboke]] mu 1996 mu [[Northern Uganda|Bukiikakkono bwa Uganda]] . Nga tannatandika mirimu gye nga munnamawulire, yasomesaako ku yunivasite y'e Feng Chia mu China. Era yakolako n'ekitongole ky'abasawo abatalina nsalo ekiyamba abaana, abakavubuka n'abakoseddwa n'okusimattuka obutabanguko mu mukwano kiyite Doctor without Borders ([[MSF]]) mu [[Sudaani|Sudan]] . Nga 12 Ogwekkuminoogumu 2006, yalondebwa okuba omusunsuzi omukulu ow’olupapula lw’amawulire olusangibwa mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]], ''[[New Vision (olupapula lw'amawulire)|New Vision]]''. Okulondebwa kuno kwatandika okukola nga 1 Ogwekkumineebiri 2006. <ref>{{Cite web |title=New Vision: Staff |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/V/S/4 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109092050/http://www.newvision.co.ug/V/S/4 |archive-date=9 January 2010 |access-date=27 January 2010}}</ref> Yalekulira mu Gwekkumi 2008. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=De Temmerman stapt op als hoofdredactrice Oegandese krant - Buitenland - De Morgen |url=http://www.demorgen.be/dm/nl/990/Buitenland/article/detail/464280/2008/10/24/De-Temmerman-stapt-op-als-hoofdredactrice-Oegandese-krant.dhtml |access-date=12 May 2012 |publisher=Demorgen.be |language=Dutch}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Els De Temmerman stapt op als Oegandese krantenbaas - Het Nieuwsblad |url=http://www.nieuwsblad.be/article/detail.aspx?articleid=PA2279JH |access-date=12 May 2012 |publisher=Nieuwsblad.be |language=Dutch}}</ref> Mu 2010, ekibiina ky’amawanga amagatte kyesigisa Els De Temmerman okutandikawo ekifo ekibudamya abaana abato abayingizibwa mu buserikale bw'ekiyeekera mu bukiikakkono bw’obuvanjuba bwa Congo, kye yaggulawo mu 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Knack |first=Redactie |date=2013-01-29 |title='AFRIKA, IK ZAL ER NOOIT VAN GENEZEN' |url=https://www.knack.be/magazine/afrika-ik-zal-er-nooit-van-genezen/ |access-date=2022-07-10 |website=Knack |language=nl}}</ref> Els De Temmerman mufumbo ne mufumbo eyawasa [[Johan Van Hecke]] munnabyabufuzi Omubirigi abeera mu [[Oosterzele]] . Mu 2008, ye ne Van Hecke baafuuka bannannyini wooteeri ya Cassia Lodge mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]] . Nga 7th Omwezi ogwomusanvu 2011, yazaala abaana ab’obuwala ababiri . Mu 2018, De Temmerman ne Van Hecke baatunda Cassia Lodge, oluvannyuma n’atandikawo wooteeri empya eyitibwa Kaazi Beach Resort. == Ebijuliziddwa == {{DEFAULTSORT:De Temmerman, Els}} # {{cite web |title=Childsoldiers.net |url=http://www.childsoldiers.net/ |accessdate=28 August 2006}} # {{cite web |title=New Vision: Staff |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/V/S/4 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109092050/http://www.newvision.co.ug/V/S/4 |archivedate=9 January 2010 |accessdate=27 January 2010}} # {{cite web |author= |date= |title=De Temmerman stapt op als hoofdredactrice Oegandese krant - Buitenland - De Morgen |url=http://www.demorgen.be/dm/nl/990/Buitenland/article/detail/464280/2008/10/24/De-Temmerman-stapt-op-als-hoofdredactrice-Oegandese-krant.dhtml |accessdate=12 May 2012 |publisher=Demorgen.be |language=Dutch}} # {{cite web |author= |date= |title=Els De Temmerman stapt op als Oegandese krantenbaas - Het Nieuwsblad |url=http://www.nieuwsblad.be/article/detail.aspx?articleid=PA2279JH |accessdate=12 May 2012 |publisher=Nieuwsblad.be |language=Dutch}} # {{Cite web |last=Knack |first=Redactie |date=2013-01-29 |title='AFRIKA, IK ZAL ER NOOIT VAN GENEZEN' |url=https://www.knack.be/magazine/afrika-ik-zal-er-nooit-van-genezen/ |access-date=2022-07-10 |website=Knack |language=nl}} # {{Cite web |last=Knack |first=Redactie |date=2013-01-29 |title='AFRIKA, IK ZAL ER NOOIT VAN GENEZEN' |url=https://www.knack.be/magazine/afrika-ik-zal-er-nooit-van-genezen/ |access-date=2022-07-10 |website=Knack |language=nl}} # [https://web.archive.org/web/20240324000915/https://www.nieuwsblad.be/cnt/q43cebs6 Els De Temmerman (49) mama van Lara en Maya]; ''Het Nieuwsblad'', 7 juli 2011] # # {{cite web |title=Childsoldiers.net |url=http://www.childsoldiers.net/ |accessdate=28 August 2006}} # {{cite web |title=New Vision: Staff |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/V/S/4 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109092050/http://www.newvision.co.ug/V/S/4 |archivedate=9 January 2010 |accessdate=27 January 2010}} # {{cite web |author= |date= |title=De Temmerman stapt op als hoofdredactrice Oegandese krant - Buitenland - De Morgen |url=http://www.demorgen.be/dm/nl/990/Buitenland/article/detail/464280/2008/10/24/De-Temmerman-stapt-op-als-hoofdredactrice-Oegandese-krant.dhtml |accessdate=12 May 2012 |publisher=Demorgen.be |language=Dutch}} # {{cite web |author= |date= |title=Els De Temmerman stapt op als Oegandese krantenbaas - Het Nieuwsblad |url=http://www.nieuwsblad.be/article/detail.aspx?articleid=PA2279JH |accessdate=12 May 2012 |publisher=Nieuwsblad.be |language=Dutch}} # {{Cite web |last=Knack |first=Redactie |date=2013-01-29 |title='AFRIKA, IK ZAL ER NOOIT VAN GENEZEN' |url=https://www.knack.be/magazine/afrika-ik-zal-er-nooit-van-genezen/ |access-date=2022-07-10 |website=Knack |language=nl}} # {{Cite web |last=Knack |first=Redactie |date=2013-01-29 |title='AFRIKA, IK ZAL ER NOOIT VAN GENEZEN' |url=https://www.knack.be/magazine/afrika-ik-zal-er-nooit-van-genezen/ |access-date=2022-07-10 |website=Knack |language=nl}} # [https://web.archive.org/web/20240324000915/https://www.nieuwsblad.be/cnt/q43cebs6 Els De Temmerman (49) mama van Lara en Maya]; ''Het Nieuwsblad'', 7 juli 2011] # [https://www.nieuwsblad.be/cnt/dmf20220622_96799041 Cath Luyten bezoekt voormalig CD&V-voorzitter Johan Van Hecke in Oeganda] j7x9hhlww1bj1kmfmtkeka106k8b2vl 59407 59406 2026-07-06T21:21:53Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 added new heading 59407 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ Databox }}'''Els De Temmerman''' (yazaalibwa 10 February 1962, mu [[Oudenaarde]] ) ye yali [[Journalist|munnamawulire]] Omubirigi eyatandikawo, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Childsoldiers.net |url=http://www.childsoldiers.net/ |access-date=28 August 2006}}</ref> ekibiina ekigenderera okukomya okuyingiza abaana, okuwa obuyambi mu by'obwongo n'ebyenjigiriza nga bayita mu [[Rehabilitation (neuropsychology)|kuddaabiriza]] [[Child soldier|abaana abajaasi]] mu Africa abakola okufuna ssente ezibeezaawo obulamu bwabwe okwewala okuyingizibwa mu magye mu biseera eby'omu maaso. Era ye muwandiisi w'ekitabo ekiyitibwa ''[[Aboke Girls]]'', ekikwata ku [[Aboke abductions|kuwambibwa kw'abaana abawala mu Aboke]] mu 1996 mu [[Northern Uganda|Bukiikakkono bwa Uganda]] . == Emirimu gye == Nga tannatandika mirimu gye nga munnamawulire, yasomesaako ku yunivasite y'e Feng Chia mu China. Era yakolako n'ekitongole ky'abasawo abatalina nsalo ekiyamba abaana, abakavubuka n'abakoseddwa n'okusimattuka obutabanguko mu mukwano kiyite Doctor without Borders ([[MSF]]) mu [[Sudaani|Sudan]] . Nga 12 Ogwekkuminoogumu 2006, yalondebwa okuba omusunsuzi omukulu ow’olupapula lw’amawulire olusangibwa mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]], ''[[New Vision (olupapula lw'amawulire)|New Vision]]''. Okulondebwa kuno kwatandika okukola nga 1 Ogwekkumineebiri 2006. <ref>{{Cite web |title=New Vision: Staff |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/V/S/4 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109092050/http://www.newvision.co.ug/V/S/4 |archive-date=9 January 2010 |access-date=27 January 2010}}</ref> Yalekulira mu Gwekkumi 2008. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=De Temmerman stapt op als hoofdredactrice Oegandese krant - Buitenland - De Morgen |url=http://www.demorgen.be/dm/nl/990/Buitenland/article/detail/464280/2008/10/24/De-Temmerman-stapt-op-als-hoofdredactrice-Oegandese-krant.dhtml |access-date=12 May 2012 |publisher=Demorgen.be |language=Dutch}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Els De Temmerman stapt op als Oegandese krantenbaas - Het Nieuwsblad |url=http://www.nieuwsblad.be/article/detail.aspx?articleid=PA2279JH |access-date=12 May 2012 |publisher=Nieuwsblad.be |language=Dutch}}</ref> Mu 2010, ekibiina ky’amawanga amagatte kyesigisa Els De Temmerman okutandikawo ekifo ekibudamya abaana abato abayingizibwa mu buserikale bw'ekiyeekera mu bukiikakkono bw’obuvanjuba bwa Congo, kye yaggulawo mu 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Knack |first=Redactie |date=2013-01-29 |title='AFRIKA, IK ZAL ER NOOIT VAN GENEZEN' |url=https://www.knack.be/magazine/afrika-ik-zal-er-nooit-van-genezen/ |access-date=2022-07-10 |website=Knack |language=nl}}</ref> Els De Temmerman mufumbo ne mufumbo eyawasa [[Johan Van Hecke]] munnabyabufuzi Omubirigi abeera mu [[Oosterzele]] . Mu 2008, ye ne Van Hecke baafuuka bannannyini wooteeri ya Cassia Lodge mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]] . Nga 7th Omwezi ogwomusanvu 2011, yazaala abaana ab’obuwala ababiri . Mu 2018, De Temmerman ne Van Hecke baatunda Cassia Lodge, oluvannyuma n’atandikawo wooteeri empya eyitibwa Kaazi Beach Resort. == Ebijuliziddwa == {{DEFAULTSORT:De Temmerman, Els}} # {{cite web |title=Childsoldiers.net |url=http://www.childsoldiers.net/ |accessdate=28 August 2006}} # {{cite web |title=New Vision: Staff |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/V/S/4 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109092050/http://www.newvision.co.ug/V/S/4 |archivedate=9 January 2010 |accessdate=27 January 2010}} # {{cite web |author= |date= |title=De Temmerman stapt op als hoofdredactrice Oegandese krant - Buitenland - De Morgen |url=http://www.demorgen.be/dm/nl/990/Buitenland/article/detail/464280/2008/10/24/De-Temmerman-stapt-op-als-hoofdredactrice-Oegandese-krant.dhtml |accessdate=12 May 2012 |publisher=Demorgen.be |language=Dutch}} # {{cite web |author= |date= |title=Els De Temmerman stapt op als Oegandese krantenbaas - Het Nieuwsblad |url=http://www.nieuwsblad.be/article/detail.aspx?articleid=PA2279JH |accessdate=12 May 2012 |publisher=Nieuwsblad.be |language=Dutch}} # {{Cite web |last=Knack |first=Redactie |date=2013-01-29 |title='AFRIKA, IK ZAL ER NOOIT VAN GENEZEN' |url=https://www.knack.be/magazine/afrika-ik-zal-er-nooit-van-genezen/ |access-date=2022-07-10 |website=Knack |language=nl}} # {{Cite web |last=Knack |first=Redactie |date=2013-01-29 |title='AFRIKA, IK ZAL ER NOOIT VAN GENEZEN' |url=https://www.knack.be/magazine/afrika-ik-zal-er-nooit-van-genezen/ |access-date=2022-07-10 |website=Knack |language=nl}} # [https://web.archive.org/web/20240324000915/https://www.nieuwsblad.be/cnt/q43cebs6 Els De Temmerman (49) mama van Lara en Maya]; ''Het Nieuwsblad'', 7 juli 2011] # # {{cite web |title=Childsoldiers.net |url=http://www.childsoldiers.net/ |accessdate=28 August 2006}} # {{cite web |title=New Vision: Staff |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/V/S/4 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109092050/http://www.newvision.co.ug/V/S/4 |archivedate=9 January 2010 |accessdate=27 January 2010}} # {{cite web |author= |date= |title=De Temmerman stapt op als hoofdredactrice Oegandese krant - Buitenland - De Morgen |url=http://www.demorgen.be/dm/nl/990/Buitenland/article/detail/464280/2008/10/24/De-Temmerman-stapt-op-als-hoofdredactrice-Oegandese-krant.dhtml |accessdate=12 May 2012 |publisher=Demorgen.be |language=Dutch}} # {{cite web |author= |date= |title=Els De Temmerman stapt op als Oegandese krantenbaas - Het Nieuwsblad |url=http://www.nieuwsblad.be/article/detail.aspx?articleid=PA2279JH |accessdate=12 May 2012 |publisher=Nieuwsblad.be |language=Dutch}} # {{Cite web |last=Knack |first=Redactie |date=2013-01-29 |title='AFRIKA, IK ZAL ER NOOIT VAN GENEZEN' |url=https://www.knack.be/magazine/afrika-ik-zal-er-nooit-van-genezen/ |access-date=2022-07-10 |website=Knack |language=nl}} # {{Cite web |last=Knack |first=Redactie |date=2013-01-29 |title='AFRIKA, IK ZAL ER NOOIT VAN GENEZEN' |url=https://www.knack.be/magazine/afrika-ik-zal-er-nooit-van-genezen/ |access-date=2022-07-10 |website=Knack |language=nl}} # [https://web.archive.org/web/20240324000915/https://www.nieuwsblad.be/cnt/q43cebs6 Els De Temmerman (49) mama van Lara en Maya]; ''Het Nieuwsblad'', 7 juli 2011] # [https://www.nieuwsblad.be/cnt/dmf20220622_96799041 Cath Luyten bezoekt voormalig CD&V-voorzitter Johan Van Hecke in Oeganda] es5lcdjm6l8q9hyek4hh92r086xfziu 59410 59407 2026-07-06T21:45:19Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added new paragraph 59410 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ Databox }}'''Els De Temmerman''' (yazaalibwa 10 February 1962, mu [[Oudenaarde]] ) ye yali [[Journalist|munnamawulire]] Omubirigi eyatandikawo, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Childsoldiers.net |url=http://www.childsoldiers.net/ |access-date=28 August 2006}}</ref> ekibiina ekigenderera okukomya okuyingiza abaana, okuwa obuyambi mu by'obwongo n'ebyenjigiriza nga bayita mu [[Rehabilitation (neuropsychology)|kuddaabiriza]] [[Child soldier|abaana abajaasi]] mu Africa abakola okufuna ssente ezibeezaawo obulamu bwabwe okwewala okuyingizibwa mu magye mu biseera eby'omu maaso. Era ye muwandiisi w'ekitabo ekiyitibwa ''[[Aboke Girls]]'', ekikwata ku [[Aboke abductions|kuwambibwa kw'abaana abawala mu Aboke]] mu 1996 mu [[Northern Uganda|Bukiikakkono bwa Uganda]] . == Emirimu gye == Wakati wa 1984 ne 1987, Temmerman yali [[Lecturer|Musomesa]] mu [[Feng Chia University]], [[Taichung]] mu [[Republic of China]]. Yakola nga omuyambi mu [[Médecins Sans Frontières]] mu [[Sudaani|Sudan]], okuva mu 1987 okutuuka mu 1988. Okuva mu 1988 okutuuka mu 1990, yakola nga omusasi w’abakozi mu [[Het Volk (newspaper)|Het Volk]]. Yasigala musasi w'abakozi mu Wereldwijd, magazini y’enkulaakulana eya Bubirigi, okuva mu 1990 okutuuka mu 1992. Yaweereza ng’omusasi wa Africa mu lupapula lwa De Volkskrant news mu [[Netherlands|Budaaki]] ne BRT- leediyo ne Ttivvi ya Bubirigi ng’asinziira e [[Nairobi]], okuva mu 1992 okutuuka mu 1995. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=CV Els De Temmerman - Child Soldiers VZW |url=https://www.childsoldiers.net/cv-els-de-temmerman.html |access-date=2025-12-17 |website=www.childsoldiers.net}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwekkuminoogumu 2006, yalondebwa okuba omusunsuzi omukulu ow’olupapula lw’amawulire olusangibwa mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]], ''[[New Vision (olupapula lw'amawulire)|New Vision]]''. Okulondebwa kuno kwatandika okukola nga 1 Ogwekkumineebiri 2006. <ref>{{Cite web |title=New Vision: Staff |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/V/S/4 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109092050/http://www.newvision.co.ug/V/S/4 |archive-date=9 January 2010 |access-date=27 January 2010}}</ref> Yalekulira mu Gwekkumi 2008. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=De Temmerman stapt op als hoofdredactrice Oegandese krant - Buitenland - De Morgen |url=http://www.demorgen.be/dm/nl/990/Buitenland/article/detail/464280/2008/10/24/De-Temmerman-stapt-op-als-hoofdredactrice-Oegandese-krant.dhtml |access-date=12 May 2012 |publisher=Demorgen.be |language=Dutch}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Els De Temmerman stapt op als Oegandese krantenbaas - Het Nieuwsblad |url=http://www.nieuwsblad.be/article/detail.aspx?articleid=PA2279JH |access-date=12 May 2012 |publisher=Nieuwsblad.be |language=Dutch}}</ref> Mu 2010, ekibiina ky’amawanga amagatte kyesigisa Els De Temmerman okutandikawo ekifo ekibudamya abaana abato abayingizibwa mu buserikale bw'ekiyeekera mu bukiikakkono bw’obuvanjuba bwa Congo, kye yaggulawo mu 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Knack |first=Redactie |date=2013-01-29 |title='AFRIKA, IK ZAL ER NOOIT VAN GENEZEN' |url=https://www.knack.be/magazine/afrika-ik-zal-er-nooit-van-genezen/ |access-date=2022-07-10 |website=Knack |language=nl}}</ref> Els De Temmerman mufumbo ne mufumbo eyawasa [[Johan Van Hecke]] munnabyabufuzi Omubirigi abeera mu [[Oosterzele]] . Mu 2008, ye ne Van Hecke baafuuka bannannyini wooteeri ya Cassia Lodge mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]] . Nga 7th Omwezi ogwomusanvu 2011, yazaala abaana ab’obuwala ababiri . Mu 2018, De Temmerman ne Van Hecke baatunda Cassia Lodge, oluvannyuma n’atandikawo wooteeri empya eyitibwa Kaazi Beach Resort. == Ebijuliziddwa == {{DEFAULTSORT:De Temmerman, Els}} # {{cite web |title=Childsoldiers.net |url=http://www.childsoldiers.net/ |accessdate=28 August 2006}} # {{cite web |title=New Vision: Staff |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/V/S/4 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109092050/http://www.newvision.co.ug/V/S/4 |archivedate=9 January 2010 |accessdate=27 January 2010}} # {{cite web |author= |date= |title=De Temmerman stapt op als hoofdredactrice Oegandese krant - Buitenland - De Morgen |url=http://www.demorgen.be/dm/nl/990/Buitenland/article/detail/464280/2008/10/24/De-Temmerman-stapt-op-als-hoofdredactrice-Oegandese-krant.dhtml |accessdate=12 May 2012 |publisher=Demorgen.be |language=Dutch}} # {{cite web |author= |date= |title=Els De Temmerman stapt op als Oegandese krantenbaas - Het Nieuwsblad |url=http://www.nieuwsblad.be/article/detail.aspx?articleid=PA2279JH |accessdate=12 May 2012 |publisher=Nieuwsblad.be |language=Dutch}} # {{Cite web |last=Knack |first=Redactie |date=2013-01-29 |title='AFRIKA, IK ZAL ER NOOIT VAN GENEZEN' |url=https://www.knack.be/magazine/afrika-ik-zal-er-nooit-van-genezen/ |access-date=2022-07-10 |website=Knack |language=nl}} # {{Cite web |last=Knack |first=Redactie |date=2013-01-29 |title='AFRIKA, IK ZAL ER NOOIT VAN GENEZEN' |url=https://www.knack.be/magazine/afrika-ik-zal-er-nooit-van-genezen/ |access-date=2022-07-10 |website=Knack |language=nl}} # [https://web.archive.org/web/20240324000915/https://www.nieuwsblad.be/cnt/q43cebs6 Els De Temmerman (49) mama van Lara en Maya]; ''Het Nieuwsblad'', 7 juli 2011] # # {{cite web |title=Childsoldiers.net |url=http://www.childsoldiers.net/ |accessdate=28 August 2006}} # {{cite web |title=New Vision: Staff |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/V/S/4 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109092050/http://www.newvision.co.ug/V/S/4 |archivedate=9 January 2010 |accessdate=27 January 2010}} # {{cite web |author= |date= |title=De Temmerman stapt op als hoofdredactrice Oegandese krant - Buitenland - De Morgen |url=http://www.demorgen.be/dm/nl/990/Buitenland/article/detail/464280/2008/10/24/De-Temmerman-stapt-op-als-hoofdredactrice-Oegandese-krant.dhtml |accessdate=12 May 2012 |publisher=Demorgen.be |language=Dutch}} # {{cite web |author= |date= |title=Els De Temmerman stapt op als Oegandese krantenbaas - Het Nieuwsblad |url=http://www.nieuwsblad.be/article/detail.aspx?articleid=PA2279JH |accessdate=12 May 2012 |publisher=Nieuwsblad.be |language=Dutch}} # {{Cite web |last=Knack |first=Redactie |date=2013-01-29 |title='AFRIKA, IK ZAL ER NOOIT VAN GENEZEN' |url=https://www.knack.be/magazine/afrika-ik-zal-er-nooit-van-genezen/ |access-date=2022-07-10 |website=Knack |language=nl}} # {{Cite web |last=Knack |first=Redactie |date=2013-01-29 |title='AFRIKA, IK ZAL ER NOOIT VAN GENEZEN' |url=https://www.knack.be/magazine/afrika-ik-zal-er-nooit-van-genezen/ |access-date=2022-07-10 |website=Knack |language=nl}} # [https://web.archive.org/web/20240324000915/https://www.nieuwsblad.be/cnt/q43cebs6 Els De Temmerman (49) mama van Lara en Maya]; ''Het Nieuwsblad'', 7 juli 2011] # [https://www.nieuwsblad.be/cnt/dmf20220622_96799041 Cath Luyten bezoekt voormalig CD&V-voorzitter Johan Van Hecke in Oeganda] k7a0n5cl56lxwga0uevyxt02983ego1 59414 59410 2026-07-06T21:56:36Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added new paragraph 59414 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ Databox }}'''Els De Temmerman''' (yazaalibwa 10 February 1962, mu [[Oudenaarde]] ) ye yali [[Journalist|munnamawulire]] Omubirigi eyatandikawo, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Childsoldiers.net |url=http://www.childsoldiers.net/ |access-date=28 August 2006}}</ref> ekibiina ekigenderera okukomya okuyingiza abaana, okuwa obuyambi mu by'obwongo n'ebyenjigiriza nga bayita mu [[Rehabilitation (neuropsychology)|kuddaabiriza]] [[Child soldier|abaana abajaasi]] mu Africa abakola okufuna ssente ezibeezaawo obulamu bwabwe okwewala okuyingizibwa mu magye mu biseera eby'omu maaso. Era ye muwandiisi w'ekitabo ekiyitibwa ''[[Aboke Girls]]'', ekikwata ku [[Aboke abductions|kuwambibwa kw'abaana abawala mu Aboke]] mu 1996 mu [[Northern Uganda|Bukiikakkono bwa Uganda]] . == Emirimu gye == Wakati wa 1984 ne 1987, Temmerman yali [[Lecturer|Musomesa]] mu [[Feng Chia University]], [[Taichung]] mu [[Republic of China]]. Yakola nga omuyambi mu [[Médecins Sans Frontières]] mu [[Sudaani|Sudan]], okuva mu 1987 okutuuka mu 1988. Okuva mu 1988 okutuuka mu 1990, yakola nga omusasi w’abakozi mu [[Het Volk (newspaper)|Het Volk]]. Yasigala musasi w'abakozi mu Wereldwijd, magazini y’enkulaakulana eya Bubirigi, okuva mu 1990 okutuuka mu 1992. Yaweereza ng’omusasi wa Africa mu lupapula lwa De Volkskrant news mu [[Netherlands|Budaaki]] ne BRT- leediyo ne Ttivvi ya Bubirigi ng’asinziira e [[Nairobi]], okuva mu 1992 okutuuka mu 1995. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=CV Els De Temmerman - Child Soldiers VZW |url=https://www.childsoldiers.net/cv-els-de-temmerman.html |access-date=2025-12-17 |website=www.childsoldiers.net}}</ref> Temmerman yali muwabuzi wa minisita wa Bubirigi [[Development cooperation|ow’enkolagana y’enkulaakulana]] mu [[Brussels]], wakati wa 1995 ne 1996. Okuva mu 1996 okutuuka mu 1997, yakola nga omusasi wa Afrika-era mu [[De Volkskrant]] ne BRT mu [[Kampala]] ekibuga ekikulu era ekisinga obunene mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]] . Era okuva mu 1997 okutuuka mu 1999, omusasi wa Africa mu lupapula lwa [[De Morgen]] -Belgian daily ne VTM Flemish television ng’asinziira mu [[South Africa]] . Nga mu mwaka gwa 2000 ne 2002, yali mu kuwanaganya mu lupapula lwa De standard- Belgian daily, [[Lecturer|Omusomesa]] ku [[Afirika|Africa]] era omuyambi mu [[European Parliament|Palamenti ya Bulaaya]] n’olukiiko [[ACP–EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly|lwa Palamenti olw’awamu olwa ACP-EU.]] Okuva mu mwaka gwa 2000 upto date, ye mutandisi era [[Executive director]] wa Sponsoring children Uganda. Yali mukwanaganya wa Rachele Rehabilitation Center e [[Lira, Uganda]], okuva mu 2003 okutuuka mu 2006. Oluvannyuma okuva mu 2006 okutuuka mu 2010, yakola nga [[Editor-in-chief|Editor-in-Chief]] mu [[New Vision (olupapula lw'amawulire)|New Vision]] . <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=CV Els De Temmerman - Child Soldiers VZW |url=https://www.childsoldiers.net/cv-els-de-temmerman.html |access-date=2025-12-17 |website=www.childsoldiers.net}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwekkuminoogumu 2006, yalondebwa okuba omusunsuzi omukulu ow’olupapula lw’amawulire olusangibwa mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]], ''[[New Vision (olupapula lw'amawulire)|New Vision]]''. Okulondebwa kuno kwatandika okukola nga 1 Ogwekkumineebiri 2006. <ref>{{Cite web |title=New Vision: Staff |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/V/S/4 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109092050/http://www.newvision.co.ug/V/S/4 |archive-date=9 January 2010 |access-date=27 January 2010}}</ref> Yalekulira mu Gwekkumi 2008. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=De Temmerman stapt op als hoofdredactrice Oegandese krant - Buitenland - De Morgen |url=http://www.demorgen.be/dm/nl/990/Buitenland/article/detail/464280/2008/10/24/De-Temmerman-stapt-op-als-hoofdredactrice-Oegandese-krant.dhtml |access-date=12 May 2012 |publisher=Demorgen.be |language=Dutch}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Els De Temmerman stapt op als Oegandese krantenbaas - Het Nieuwsblad |url=http://www.nieuwsblad.be/article/detail.aspx?articleid=PA2279JH |access-date=12 May 2012 |publisher=Nieuwsblad.be |language=Dutch}}</ref> Mu 2010, ekibiina ky’amawanga amagatte kyesigisa Els De Temmerman okutandikawo ekifo ekibudamya abaana abato abayingizibwa mu buserikale bw'ekiyeekera mu bukiikakkono bw’obuvanjuba bwa Congo, kye yaggulawo mu 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Knack |first=Redactie |date=2013-01-29 |title='AFRIKA, IK ZAL ER NOOIT VAN GENEZEN' |url=https://www.knack.be/magazine/afrika-ik-zal-er-nooit-van-genezen/ |access-date=2022-07-10 |website=Knack |language=nl}}</ref> Els De Temmerman mufumbo ne mufumbo eyawasa [[Johan Van Hecke]] munnabyabufuzi Omubirigi abeera mu [[Oosterzele]] . Mu 2008, ye ne Van Hecke baafuuka bannannyini wooteeri ya Cassia Lodge mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]] . Nga 7th Omwezi ogwomusanvu 2011, yazaala abaana ab’obuwala ababiri . Mu 2018, De Temmerman ne Van Hecke baatunda Cassia Lodge, oluvannyuma n’atandikawo wooteeri empya eyitibwa Kaazi Beach Resort. == Ebijuliziddwa == {{DEFAULTSORT:De Temmerman, Els}} # {{cite web |title=Childsoldiers.net |url=http://www.childsoldiers.net/ |accessdate=28 August 2006}} # {{cite web |title=New Vision: Staff |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/V/S/4 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109092050/http://www.newvision.co.ug/V/S/4 |archivedate=9 January 2010 |accessdate=27 January 2010}} # {{cite web |author= |date= |title=De Temmerman stapt op als hoofdredactrice Oegandese krant - Buitenland - De Morgen |url=http://www.demorgen.be/dm/nl/990/Buitenland/article/detail/464280/2008/10/24/De-Temmerman-stapt-op-als-hoofdredactrice-Oegandese-krant.dhtml |accessdate=12 May 2012 |publisher=Demorgen.be |language=Dutch}} # {{cite web |author= |date= |title=Els De Temmerman stapt op als Oegandese krantenbaas - Het Nieuwsblad |url=http://www.nieuwsblad.be/article/detail.aspx?articleid=PA2279JH |accessdate=12 May 2012 |publisher=Nieuwsblad.be |language=Dutch}} # {{Cite web |last=Knack |first=Redactie |date=2013-01-29 |title='AFRIKA, IK ZAL ER NOOIT VAN GENEZEN' |url=https://www.knack.be/magazine/afrika-ik-zal-er-nooit-van-genezen/ |access-date=2022-07-10 |website=Knack |language=nl}} # {{Cite web |last=Knack |first=Redactie |date=2013-01-29 |title='AFRIKA, IK ZAL ER NOOIT VAN GENEZEN' |url=https://www.knack.be/magazine/afrika-ik-zal-er-nooit-van-genezen/ |access-date=2022-07-10 |website=Knack |language=nl}} # [https://web.archive.org/web/20240324000915/https://www.nieuwsblad.be/cnt/q43cebs6 Els De Temmerman (49) mama van Lara en Maya]; ''Het Nieuwsblad'', 7 juli 2011] # # {{cite web |title=Childsoldiers.net |url=http://www.childsoldiers.net/ |accessdate=28 August 2006}} # {{cite web |title=New Vision: Staff |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/V/S/4 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109092050/http://www.newvision.co.ug/V/S/4 |archivedate=9 January 2010 |accessdate=27 January 2010}} # {{cite web |author= |date= |title=De Temmerman stapt op als hoofdredactrice Oegandese krant - Buitenland - De Morgen |url=http://www.demorgen.be/dm/nl/990/Buitenland/article/detail/464280/2008/10/24/De-Temmerman-stapt-op-als-hoofdredactrice-Oegandese-krant.dhtml |accessdate=12 May 2012 |publisher=Demorgen.be |language=Dutch}} # {{cite web |author= |date= |title=Els De Temmerman stapt op als Oegandese krantenbaas - Het Nieuwsblad |url=http://www.nieuwsblad.be/article/detail.aspx?articleid=PA2279JH |accessdate=12 May 2012 |publisher=Nieuwsblad.be |language=Dutch}} # {{Cite web |last=Knack |first=Redactie |date=2013-01-29 |title='AFRIKA, IK ZAL ER NOOIT VAN GENEZEN' |url=https://www.knack.be/magazine/afrika-ik-zal-er-nooit-van-genezen/ |access-date=2022-07-10 |website=Knack |language=nl}} # {{Cite web |last=Knack |first=Redactie |date=2013-01-29 |title='AFRIKA, IK ZAL ER NOOIT VAN GENEZEN' |url=https://www.knack.be/magazine/afrika-ik-zal-er-nooit-van-genezen/ |access-date=2022-07-10 |website=Knack |language=nl}} # [https://web.archive.org/web/20240324000915/https://www.nieuwsblad.be/cnt/q43cebs6 Els De Temmerman (49) mama van Lara en Maya]; ''Het Nieuwsblad'', 7 juli 2011] # [https://www.nieuwsblad.be/cnt/dmf20220622_96799041 Cath Luyten bezoekt voormalig CD&V-voorzitter Johan Van Hecke in Oeganda] 7dskwy43hwe78be0jc2ryj8bpglchjk Africa Renewal University 0 12229 59352 58831 2026-07-06T16:58:54Z Berniter 10779 Ngasseko amatuluba 59352 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Africa Renewal University''' (AfRU) ye yunivasite y'obwannannyini eri ku musingi gw'Ediini mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]]. Yatandikibwawo mu 2007 nga Gaba Bible Institute, <ref name="History">{{Cite web |title=History |url=http://afru.ac.ug/about/who-we-are |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408030407/http://afru.ac.ug/about/who-we-are/ |archive-date=8 April 2018 |access-date=11 August 2016 |publisher=Africa Renewal University}}</ref> Nga tenakyusibwa kufuuka '''Africa Renewal Christian College''' . Essira ku  yunivasite lyali ku kusinziira ku bwetaavu bwa Afirika obw'abakulembeze abenzikiriza ya'Abakristaayo okuyimuka okugabana obusaasizi bwa Kristo n'enjiri ey'essuubi mu kkanisa n'abantu abalindirira enkyukakyuka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Who we are |url=https://afru.ac.ug/about/who-we-are/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429135713/https://afru.ac.ug/about/who-we-are/ |archive-date=2021-04-29 |access-date=2021-04-29 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ku nkomerero ya 2013, yafuna Layisinsi ey’ekiseera okuva mu lukiiko lwa [[Uganda]] Oludukanya Eby'enjigiriza By'amatendekero Agawagulu (Uganda National Council for Higher Education) okubeera Yunivasite ey'Obwannannyini. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Accreditation |url=http://afru.ac.ug/about/accreditation |access-date=11 August 2016 |publisher=Africa Renewal University}}</ref> Oluvannyuma kyatongozebwa wansi w'erinnya lyayo eririwo ku ntandikwa ya 2014.<ref name="NV">{{cite news|title=Uneducated people make poor leaders- graduates told|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1338339/uneducated-people-poor-leaders-graduates-told|access-date=11 August 2016|work=[[New Vision]]|date=5 March 2014}}</ref> == Laba ne == * Eby'enjigiriza mu Uganda * Olukalala lwa yunivasite mu Uganda == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}}[https://nilepost.co.ug/2023/01/21/africa-renewal-university-cleared-by-nche-for-charter-status/?fbclid=IwAR1dgMoq3g1M8ZxBJ5YVoneMFIr9C4yIfnZ1ASC2c0AwWOxQqRh5Fk7ANP4 Africa-Renewal-University-ekiriziddwa -aba by-nche-for-charter-status] Bigiddwa okuva ku Nile Post [[Category:Ebyengigiriza mu Wakiso Disiyulikiti]] [[Category:Zi Yunivasite n'amatendekero/amabanguliro mu ttundutundu ly'amasekkati , mu Uganda]] [[Category:Yunivasitizin'amatendekero /amabanguliro agatandikibwawo mu 2007]] [[Category:Zi Yunivasite zekikulisitayo n'amatendekero /amabanguliro mu Uganda]] 96sii9250aa9ga8b0wdf2mkjqrmx6ad 59357 59352 2026-07-06T17:09:19Z Ssebuufu 9882 Ngasseeko ettuluba 59357 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Africa Renewal University''' (AfRU) ye yunivasite y'obwannannyini eri ku musingi gw'Ediini mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]]. Yatandikibwawo mu 2007 nga Gaba Bible Institute, <ref name="History">{{Cite web |title=History |url=http://afru.ac.ug/about/who-we-are |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408030407/http://afru.ac.ug/about/who-we-are/ |archive-date=8 April 2018 |access-date=11 August 2016 |publisher=Africa Renewal University}}</ref> Nga tenakyusibwa kufuuka '''Africa Renewal Christian College''' . Essira ku  yunivasite lyali ku kusinziira ku bwetaavu bwa Afirika obw'abakulembeze abenzikiriza ya'Abakristaayo okuyimuka okugabana obusaasizi bwa Kristo n'enjiri ey'essuubi mu kkanisa n'abantu abalindirira enkyukakyuka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Who we are |url=https://afru.ac.ug/about/who-we-are/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429135713/https://afru.ac.ug/about/who-we-are/ |archive-date=2021-04-29 |access-date=2021-04-29 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ku nkomerero ya 2013, yafuna Layisinsi ey’ekiseera okuva mu lukiiko lwa [[Uganda]] Oludukanya Eby'enjigiriza By'amatendekero Agawagulu (Uganda National Council for Higher Education) okubeera Yunivasite ey'Obwannannyini. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Accreditation |url=http://afru.ac.ug/about/accreditation |access-date=11 August 2016 |publisher=Africa Renewal University}}</ref> Oluvannyuma kyatongozebwa wansi w'erinnya lyayo eririwo ku ntandikwa ya 2014.<ref name="NV">{{cite news|title=Uneducated people make poor leaders- graduates told|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1338339/uneducated-people-poor-leaders-graduates-told|access-date=11 August 2016|work=[[New Vision]]|date=5 March 2014}}</ref> == Laba ne == * Eby'enjigiriza mu Uganda * Olukalala lwa yunivasite mu Uganda == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}}[https://nilepost.co.ug/2023/01/21/africa-renewal-university-cleared-by-nche-for-charter-status/?fbclid=IwAR1dgMoq3g1M8ZxBJ5YVoneMFIr9C4yIfnZ1ASC2c0AwWOxQqRh5Fk7ANP4 Africa-Renewal-University-ekiriziddwa -aba by-nche-for-charter-status] Bigiddwa okuva ku Nile Post [[Category:Zi Yunivasite n'amatendekero/amabanguliro mu ttundutundu ly'amasekkati , mu Uganda]] [[Category:Yunivasitizin'amatendekero /amabanguliro agatandikibwawo mu 2007]] [[Category:Zi Yunivasite zekikulisitayo n'amatendekero /amabanguliro mu Uganda]] nvzwq3pbze8vnrni0rxvnegivp1qpgd 59360 59357 2026-07-06T17:10:42Z Ssebuufu 9882 59360 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Africa Renewal University''' (AfRU) ye yunivasite y'obwannannyini eri ku musingi gw'Ediini mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]]. Yatandikibwawo mu 2007 nga Gaba Bible Institute, <ref name="History">{{Cite web |title=History |url=http://afru.ac.ug/about/who-we-are |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408030407/http://afru.ac.ug/about/who-we-are/ |archive-date=8 April 2018 |access-date=11 August 2016 |publisher=Africa Renewal University}}</ref> Nga tenakyusibwa kufuuka '''Africa Renewal Christian College''' . Essira ku  yunivasite lyali ku kusinziira ku bwetaavu bwa Afirika obw'abakulembeze abenzikiriza ya'Abakristaayo okuyimuka okugabana obusaasizi bwa Kristo n'enjiri ey'essuubi mu kkanisa n'abantu abalindirira enkyukakyuka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Who we are |url=https://afru.ac.ug/about/who-we-are/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429135713/https://afru.ac.ug/about/who-we-are/ |archive-date=2021-04-29 |access-date=2021-04-29 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ku nkomerero ya 2013, yafuna Layisinsi ey’ekiseera okuva mu lukiiko lwa [[Uganda]] Oludukanya Eby'enjigiriza By'amatendekero Agawagulu (Uganda National Council for Higher Education) okubeera Yunivasite ey'Obwannannyini. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Accreditation |url=http://afru.ac.ug/about/accreditation |access-date=11 August 2016 |publisher=Africa Renewal University}}</ref> Oluvannyuma kyatongozebwa wansi w'erinnya lyayo eririwo ku ntandikwa ya 2014.<ref name="NV">{{cite news|title=Uneducated people make poor leaders- graduates told|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1338339/uneducated-people-poor-leaders-graduates-told|access-date=11 August 2016|work=[[New Vision]]|date=5 March 2014}}</ref> == Laba ne == * Eby'enjigiriza mu Uganda * Olukalala lwa yunivasite mu Uganda == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}}[https://nilepost.co.ug/2023/01/21/africa-renewal-university-cleared-by-nche-for-charter-status/?fbclid=IwAR1dgMoq3g1M8ZxBJ5YVoneMFIr9C4yIfnZ1ASC2c0AwWOxQqRh5Fk7ANP4 Africa-Renewal-University-ekiriziddwa -aba by-nche-for-charter-status] Bigiddwa okuva ku Nile Post [[Category:Zi Yunivasite n'amatendekero/amabanguliro mu ttundutundu ly'amasekkati , mu Uganda]] [[Category:Yunivasitizin'amatendekero /amabanguliro agatandikibwawo mu 2007]] [[Category:Zi Yunivasite zekikulisitayo n'amatendekero /amabanguliro mu Uganda]] [[Category:Eby'enjigiriza mu Disitulikiti y'e Wakiso]] drgxqzx81kcv3wr6wfv0lyctwm6k4in 59362 59360 2026-07-06T17:12:39Z Ssebuufu 9882 Ngasseeko ettuluba 59362 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Africa Renewal University''' (AfRU) ye yunivasite y'obwannannyini eri ku musingi gw'Ediini mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]]. Yatandikibwawo mu 2007 nga Gaba Bible Institute, <ref name="History">{{Cite web |title=History |url=http://afru.ac.ug/about/who-we-are |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408030407/http://afru.ac.ug/about/who-we-are/ |archive-date=8 April 2018 |access-date=11 August 2016 |publisher=Africa Renewal University}}</ref> Nga tenakyusibwa kufuuka '''Africa Renewal Christian College''' . Essira ku  yunivasite lyali ku kusinziira ku bwetaavu bwa Afirika obw'abakulembeze abenzikiriza ya'Abakristaayo okuyimuka okugabana obusaasizi bwa Kristo n'enjiri ey'essuubi mu kkanisa n'abantu abalindirira enkyukakyuka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Who we are |url=https://afru.ac.ug/about/who-we-are/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429135713/https://afru.ac.ug/about/who-we-are/ |archive-date=2021-04-29 |access-date=2021-04-29 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ku nkomerero ya 2013, yafuna Layisinsi ey’ekiseera okuva mu lukiiko lwa [[Uganda]] Oludukanya Eby'enjigiriza By'amatendekero Agawagulu (Uganda National Council for Higher Education) okubeera Yunivasite ey'Obwannannyini. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Accreditation |url=http://afru.ac.ug/about/accreditation |access-date=11 August 2016 |publisher=Africa Renewal University}}</ref> Oluvannyuma kyatongozebwa wansi w'erinnya lyayo eririwo ku ntandikwa ya 2014.<ref name="NV">{{cite news|title=Uneducated people make poor leaders- graduates told|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1338339/uneducated-people-poor-leaders-graduates-told|access-date=11 August 2016|work=[[New Vision]]|date=5 March 2014}}</ref> == Laba ne == * Eby'enjigiriza mu Uganda * Olukalala lwa yunivasite mu Uganda == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}}[https://nilepost.co.ug/2023/01/21/africa-renewal-university-cleared-by-nche-for-charter-status/?fbclid=IwAR1dgMoq3g1M8ZxBJ5YVoneMFIr9C4yIfnZ1ASC2c0AwWOxQqRh5Fk7ANP4 Africa-Renewal-University-ekiriziddwa -aba by-nche-for-charter-status] Bigiddwa okuva ku Nile Post [[Category:Zi Yunivasite n'amatendekero/amabanguliro mu ttundutundu ly'amasekkati , mu Uganda]] [[Category:Yunivasitizin'amatendekero /amabanguliro agatandikibwawo mu 2007]] [[Category:Zi Yunivasite zekikulisitayo n'amatendekero /amabanguliro mu Uganda]] [[Category:Eby'enjigiriza mu Disitulikiti y'e Wakiso]] [[Category:Ebyatandikibwawo mu 2007 mu Uganda]] t67ynqvlnwa95sqq8ohhux2r1vkdrue 59363 59362 2026-07-06T17:13:16Z Ssebuufu 9882 59363 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Africa Renewal University''' (AfRU) ye yunivasite y'obwannannyini eri ku musingi gw'eddiini mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]]. Yatandikibwawo mu 2007 nga Gaba Bible Institute, <ref name="History">{{Cite web |title=History |url=http://afru.ac.ug/about/who-we-are |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408030407/http://afru.ac.ug/about/who-we-are/ |archive-date=8 April 2018 |access-date=11 August 2016 |publisher=Africa Renewal University}}</ref> Nga tenakyusibwa kufuuka '''Africa Renewal Christian College''' . Essira ku  yunivasite lyali ku kusinziira ku bwetaavu bwa Afirika obw'abakulembeze abenzikiriza ya'Abakristaayo okuyimuka okugabana obusaasizi bwa Kristo n'enjiri ey'essuubi mu kkanisa n'abantu abalindirira enkyukakyuka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Who we are |url=https://afru.ac.ug/about/who-we-are/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429135713/https://afru.ac.ug/about/who-we-are/ |archive-date=2021-04-29 |access-date=2021-04-29 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ku nkomerero ya 2013, yafuna Layisinsi ey’ekiseera okuva mu lukiiko lwa [[Uganda]] Oludukanya Eby'enjigiriza By'amatendekero Agawagulu (Uganda National Council for Higher Education) okubeera Yunivasite ey'Obwannannyini. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Accreditation |url=http://afru.ac.ug/about/accreditation |access-date=11 August 2016 |publisher=Africa Renewal University}}</ref> Oluvannyuma kyatongozebwa wansi w'erinnya lyayo eririwo ku ntandikwa ya 2014.<ref name="NV">{{cite news|title=Uneducated people make poor leaders- graduates told|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1338339/uneducated-people-poor-leaders-graduates-told|access-date=11 August 2016|work=[[New Vision]]|date=5 March 2014}}</ref> == Laba ne == * Eby'enjigiriza mu Uganda * Olukalala lwa yunivasite mu Uganda == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}}[https://nilepost.co.ug/2023/01/21/africa-renewal-university-cleared-by-nche-for-charter-status/?fbclid=IwAR1dgMoq3g1M8ZxBJ5YVoneMFIr9C4yIfnZ1ASC2c0AwWOxQqRh5Fk7ANP4 Africa-Renewal-University-ekiriziddwa -aba by-nche-for-charter-status] Bigiddwa okuva ku Nile Post [[Category:Zi Yunivasite n'amatendekero/amabanguliro mu ttundutundu ly'amasekkati , mu Uganda]] [[Category:Yunivasitizin'amatendekero /amabanguliro agatandikibwawo mu 2007]] [[Category:Zi Yunivasite zekikulisitayo n'amatendekero /amabanguliro mu Uganda]] [[Category:Eby'enjigiriza mu Disitulikiti y'e Wakiso]] [[Category:Ebyatandikibwawo mu 2007 mu Uganda]] qjqreqrd73jxyb1sxtby5enhvb3jm6h 59367 59363 2026-07-06T17:17:58Z Ssebuufu 9882 59367 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Africa Renewal University''' (AfRU) ye yunivasite y'obwannannyini eri ku musingi gw'eddiini mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]]. Yatandikibwawo mu 2007 nga Gaba Bible Institute, <ref name="History">{{Cite web |title=History |url=http://afru.ac.ug/about/who-we-are |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408030407/http://afru.ac.ug/about/who-we-are/ |archive-date=8 April 2018 |access-date=11 August 2016 |publisher=Africa Renewal University}}</ref> nga tennakyusibwa kufuuka '''Africa Renewal Christian College''' . Essira ku  yunivasite lyali ku kusinziira ku bwetaavu bwa Afirika obw'abakulembeze abenzikiriza ya'Abakristaayo okuyimuka okugabana obusaasizi bwa Kristo n'enjiri ey'essuubi mu kkanisa n'abantu abalindirira enkyukakyuka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Who we are |url=https://afru.ac.ug/about/who-we-are/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429135713/https://afru.ac.ug/about/who-we-are/ |archive-date=2021-04-29 |access-date=2021-04-29 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ku nkomerero ya 2013, yafuna Layisinsi ey’ekiseera okuva mu lukiiko lwa [[Uganda]] Oludukanya Eby'enjigiriza By'amatendekero Agawagulu (Uganda National Council for Higher Education) okubeera Yunivasite ey'Obwannannyini. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Accreditation |url=http://afru.ac.ug/about/accreditation |access-date=11 August 2016 |publisher=Africa Renewal University}}</ref> Oluvannyuma kyatongozebwa wansi w'erinnya lyayo eririwo ku ntandikwa ya 2014.<ref name="NV">{{cite news|title=Uneducated people make poor leaders- graduates told|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1338339/uneducated-people-poor-leaders-graduates-told|access-date=11 August 2016|work=[[New Vision]]|date=5 March 2014}}</ref> == Laba ne == * Eby'enjigiriza mu Uganda * Olukalala lwa yunivasite mu Uganda == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}}[https://nilepost.co.ug/2023/01/21/africa-renewal-university-cleared-by-nche-for-charter-status/?fbclid=IwAR1dgMoq3g1M8ZxBJ5YVoneMFIr9C4yIfnZ1ASC2c0AwWOxQqRh5Fk7ANP4 Africa-Renewal-University-ekiriziddwa -aba by-nche-for-charter-status] Bigiddwa okuva ku Nile Post [[Category:Zi Yunivasite n'amatendekero/amabanguliro mu ttundutundu ly'amasekkati , mu Uganda]] [[Category:Yunivasitizin'amatendekero /amabanguliro agatandikibwawo mu 2007]] [[Category:Zi Yunivasite zekikulisitayo n'amatendekero /amabanguliro mu Uganda]] [[Category:Eby'enjigiriza mu Disitulikiti y'e Wakiso]] [[Category:Ebyatandikibwawo mu 2007 mu Uganda]] m39dc21gwvt92qwv3euoc7wiia4299l 59368 59367 2026-07-06T17:19:22Z Ssebuufu 9882 59368 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Africa Renewal University''' (AfRU) ye yunivasite y'obwannannyini eri ku musingi gw'eddiini mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]]. Yatandikibwawo mu 2007 nga Gaba Bible Institute, <ref name="History">{{Cite web |title=History |url=http://afru.ac.ug/about/who-we-are |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408030407/http://afru.ac.ug/about/who-we-are/ |archive-date=8 April 2018 |access-date=11 August 2016 |publisher=Africa Renewal University}}</ref>bweyali tenatuumibwa '''Africa Renewal Christian College''' . Essira ku  yunivasite lyali ku kusinziira ku bwetaavu bwa Afirika obw'abakulembeze abenzikiriza ya'Abakristaayo okuyimuka okugabana obusaasizi bwa Kristo n'enjiri ey'essuubi mu kkanisa n'abantu abalindirira enkyukakyuka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Who we are |url=https://afru.ac.ug/about/who-we-are/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429135713/https://afru.ac.ug/about/who-we-are/ |archive-date=2021-04-29 |access-date=2021-04-29 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ku nkomerero ya 2013, yafuna Layisinsi ey’ekiseera okuva mu lukiiko lwa [[Uganda]] Oludukanya Eby'enjigiriza By'amatendekero Agawagulu (Uganda National Council for Higher Education) okubeera Yunivasite ey'Obwannannyini. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Accreditation |url=http://afru.ac.ug/about/accreditation |access-date=11 August 2016 |publisher=Africa Renewal University}}</ref> Oluvannyuma kyatongozebwa wansi w'erinnya lyayo eririwo ku ntandikwa ya 2014.<ref name="NV">{{cite news|title=Uneducated people make poor leaders- graduates told|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1338339/uneducated-people-poor-leaders-graduates-told|access-date=11 August 2016|work=[[New Vision]]|date=5 March 2014}}</ref> == Laba ne == * Eby'enjigiriza mu Uganda * Olukalala lwa yunivasite mu Uganda == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}}[https://nilepost.co.ug/2023/01/21/africa-renewal-university-cleared-by-nche-for-charter-status/?fbclid=IwAR1dgMoq3g1M8ZxBJ5YVoneMFIr9C4yIfnZ1ASC2c0AwWOxQqRh5Fk7ANP4 Africa-Renewal-University-ekiriziddwa -aba by-nche-for-charter-status] Bigiddwa okuva ku Nile Post [[Category:Zi Yunivasite n'amatendekero/amabanguliro mu ttundutundu ly'amasekkati , mu Uganda]] [[Category:Yunivasitizin'amatendekero /amabanguliro agatandikibwawo mu 2007]] [[Category:Zi Yunivasite zekikulisitayo n'amatendekero /amabanguliro mu Uganda]] [[Category:Eby'enjigiriza mu Disitulikiti y'e Wakiso]] [[Category:Ebyatandikibwawo mu 2007 mu Uganda]] rpib5y0i4tph7mdom4aakjtzabo2rwi 59370 59368 2026-07-06T17:20:48Z Ssebuufu 9882 59370 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Africa Renewal University''' (AfRU) ye yunivasite y'obwannannyini eri ku musingi gw'eddiini mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]]. Yatandikibwawo mu 2007 nga [[Gaba Bible Institute]], <ref name="History">{{Cite web |title=History |url=http://afru.ac.ug/about/who-we-are |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408030407/http://afru.ac.ug/about/who-we-are/ |archive-date=8 April 2018 |access-date=11 August 2016 |publisher=Africa Renewal University}}</ref>bweyali tenatuumibwa '''[[Africa Renewal Christian College]]''' . Essira ku  yunivasite lyali ku kusinziira ku bwetaavu bwa Afirika obw'abakulembeze abenzikiriza ya'Abakristaayo okuyimuka okugabana obusaasizi bwa Kristo n'enjiri ey'essuubi mu kkanisa n'abantu abalindirira enkyukakyuka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Who we are |url=https://afru.ac.ug/about/who-we-are/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429135713/https://afru.ac.ug/about/who-we-are/ |archive-date=2021-04-29 |access-date=2021-04-29 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ku nkomerero ya 2013, yafuna Layisinsi ey’ekiseera okuva mu lukiiko lwa [[Uganda]] Oludukanya Eby'enjigiriza By'amatendekero Agawagulu (Uganda National Council for Higher Education) okubeera Yunivasite ey'Obwannannyini. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Accreditation |url=http://afru.ac.ug/about/accreditation |access-date=11 August 2016 |publisher=Africa Renewal University}}</ref> Oluvannyuma kyatongozebwa wansi w'erinnya lyayo eririwo ku ntandikwa ya 2014.<ref name="NV">{{cite news|title=Uneducated people make poor leaders- graduates told|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1338339/uneducated-people-poor-leaders-graduates-told|access-date=11 August 2016|work=[[New Vision]]|date=5 March 2014}}</ref> == Laba ne == * Eby'enjigiriza mu Uganda * Olukalala lwa yunivasite mu Uganda == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}}[https://nilepost.co.ug/2023/01/21/africa-renewal-university-cleared-by-nche-for-charter-status/?fbclid=IwAR1dgMoq3g1M8ZxBJ5YVoneMFIr9C4yIfnZ1ASC2c0AwWOxQqRh5Fk7ANP4 Africa-Renewal-University-ekiriziddwa -aba by-nche-for-charter-status] Bigiddwa okuva ku Nile Post [[Category:Zi Yunivasite n'amatendekero/amabanguliro mu ttundutundu ly'amasekkati , mu Uganda]] [[Category:Yunivasitizin'amatendekero /amabanguliro agatandikibwawo mu 2007]] [[Category:Zi Yunivasite zekikulisitayo n'amatendekero /amabanguliro mu Uganda]] [[Category:Eby'enjigiriza mu Disitulikiti y'e Wakiso]] [[Category:Ebyatandikibwawo mu 2007 mu Uganda]] dwgbs35l2ef9f8nh1ovpae0nmlh5dg8 59375 59370 2026-07-06T17:32:14Z Ssebuufu 9882 59375 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Africa Renewal University''' (AfRU) ye yunivasite y'obwannannyini eri ku musingi gw'eddiini mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]]. Yatandikibwawo mu 2007 nga '''[[Gaba Bible Institute]]''', <ref name="History">{{Cite web |title=History |url=http://afru.ac.ug/about/who-we-are |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408030407/http://afru.ac.ug/about/who-we-are/ |archive-date=8 April 2018 |access-date=11 August 2016 |publisher=Africa Renewal University}}</ref>bweyali tennatuumibwa '''[[Africa Renewal Christian College]]''' . Essira lya yunivasite ekkulu lyatandikibwawo kusinziira ku bwetaavu bwa Afirika obw'abakulembeze abenzikiriza ya'Abakristaayo okuyimuka okugabana obusaasizi bwa Kristo n'enjiri ey'essuubi mu kkanisa n'abantu abayaayanira okukyusibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Who we are |url=https://afru.ac.ug/about/who-we-are/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429135713/https://afru.ac.ug/about/who-we-are/ |archive-date=2021-04-29 |access-date=2021-04-29 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ku nkomerero ya 2013, yafuna Layisinsi ey’ekiseera okuva mu lukiiko lwa [[Uganda]] Oludukanya Eby'enjigiriza By'amatendekero Agawagulu (Uganda National Council for Higher Education) okubeera Yunivasite ey'Obwannannyini. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Accreditation |url=http://afru.ac.ug/about/accreditation |access-date=11 August 2016 |publisher=Africa Renewal University}}</ref> Oluvannyuma kyatongozebwa wansi w'erinnya lyayo eririwo ku ntandikwa ya 2014.<ref name="NV">{{cite news|title=Uneducated people make poor leaders- graduates told|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1338339/uneducated-people-poor-leaders-graduates-told|access-date=11 August 2016|work=[[New Vision]]|date=5 March 2014}}</ref> == Laba ne == * Eby'enjigiriza mu Uganda * Olukalala lwa yunivasite mu Uganda == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}}[https://nilepost.co.ug/2023/01/21/africa-renewal-university-cleared-by-nche-for-charter-status/?fbclid=IwAR1dgMoq3g1M8ZxBJ5YVoneMFIr9C4yIfnZ1ASC2c0AwWOxQqRh5Fk7ANP4 Africa-Renewal-University-ekiriziddwa -aba by-nche-for-charter-status] Bigiddwa okuva ku Nile Post [[Category:Zi Yunivasite n'amatendekero/amabanguliro mu ttundutundu ly'amasekkati , mu Uganda]] [[Category:Yunivasitizin'amatendekero /amabanguliro agatandikibwawo mu 2007]] [[Category:Zi Yunivasite zekikulisitayo n'amatendekero /amabanguliro mu Uganda]] [[Category:Eby'enjigiriza mu Disitulikiti y'e Wakiso]] [[Category:Ebyatandikibwawo mu 2007 mu Uganda]] fzcn7l11k4s3fnfxfjvi6e2jwb0gdxc 59377 59375 2026-07-06T17:33:42Z Ssebuufu 9882 59377 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Africa Renewal University''' (AfRU) ye yunivasite y'obwannannyini eri ku musingi gw'eddiini mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]]. Yatandikibwawo mu 2007 nga '''[[Gaba Bible Institute]]''', <ref name="History">{{Cite web |title=History |url=http://afru.ac.ug/about/who-we-are |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408030407/http://afru.ac.ug/about/who-we-are/ |archive-date=8 April 2018 |access-date=11 August 2016 |publisher=Africa Renewal University}}</ref>bweyali tennatuumibwa '''[[Africa Renewal Christian College]]''' . Essira lya yunivasite ekkulu lyatandikibwawo kusinziira ku bwetaavu bwa Afirika obw'abakulembeze abenzikiriza ya'Abakristaayo okuyimuka okugabana obusaasizi bwa Kristo n'enjiri ey'essuubi mu kkanisa n'abantu abayaayanira okukyusibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Who we are |url=https://afru.ac.ug/about/who-we-are/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429135713/https://afru.ac.ug/about/who-we-are/ |archive-date=2021-04-29 |access-date=2021-04-29 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ku nkomerero ya 2013, yafuna ebbaluwa egikkiriza okukola emirimu / Layisinsi ey’ekiseera okuva mu lukiiko lwa [[Uganda]] Oludukanya Eby'enjigiriza By'amatendekero Agawagulu (Uganda National Council for Higher Education) okubeera Yunivasite ey'Obwannannyini. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Accreditation |url=http://afru.ac.ug/about/accreditation |access-date=11 August 2016 |publisher=Africa Renewal University}}</ref> Oluvannyuma kyatongozebwa wansi w'erinnya lyayo eririwo ku ntandikwa ya 2014.<ref name="NV">{{cite news|title=Uneducated people make poor leaders- graduates told|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1338339/uneducated-people-poor-leaders-graduates-told|access-date=11 August 2016|work=[[New Vision]]|date=5 March 2014}}</ref> == Laba ne == * Eby'enjigiriza mu Uganda * Olukalala lwa yunivasite mu Uganda == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}}[https://nilepost.co.ug/2023/01/21/africa-renewal-university-cleared-by-nche-for-charter-status/?fbclid=IwAR1dgMoq3g1M8ZxBJ5YVoneMFIr9C4yIfnZ1ASC2c0AwWOxQqRh5Fk7ANP4 Africa-Renewal-University-ekiriziddwa -aba by-nche-for-charter-status] Bigiddwa okuva ku Nile Post [[Category:Zi Yunivasite n'amatendekero/amabanguliro mu ttundutundu ly'amasekkati , mu Uganda]] [[Category:Yunivasitizin'amatendekero /amabanguliro agatandikibwawo mu 2007]] [[Category:Zi Yunivasite zekikulisitayo n'amatendekero /amabanguliro mu Uganda]] [[Category:Eby'enjigiriza mu Disitulikiti y'e Wakiso]] [[Category:Ebyatandikibwawo mu 2007 mu Uganda]] gvayb5gn9p5n7abe1y7bphbp6kcq0rn 59380 59377 2026-07-06T17:37:09Z Ssebuufu 9882 59380 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Africa Renewal University''' (AfRU) ye yunivasite y'obwannannyini eri ku musingi gw'eddiini mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]]. Yatandikibwawo mu 2007 nga '''[[Gaba Bible Institute]]''', <ref name="History">{{Cite web |title=History |url=http://afru.ac.ug/about/who-we-are |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408030407/http://afru.ac.ug/about/who-we-are/ |archive-date=8 April 2018 |access-date=11 August 2016 |publisher=Africa Renewal University}}</ref>bweyali tennatuumibwa '''[[Africa Renewal Christian College]]''' . Essira lya yunivasite ekkulu lyatandikibwawo kusinziira ku bwetaavu bwa Afirika obw'abakulembeze abenzikiriza ya'Abakristaayo okuyimuka okugabana obusaasizi bwa Kristo n'enjiri ey'essuubi mu kkanisa n'abantu abayaayanira okukyusibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Who we are |url=https://afru.ac.ug/about/who-we-are/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429135713/https://afru.ac.ug/about/who-we-are/ |archive-date=2021-04-29 |access-date=2021-04-29 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ku nkomerero ya 2013, yafuna ebbaluwa egikkiriza okukola emirimu / Layisinsi ey’ekiseera okuva mu Kakiiko k'Eggwanga lya Uganda akavunaanyizibwa ku by'e by'enjigiriza by'amatendekero Agaawaggulu ([[Uganda National Council for Higher Education]]) okubeera Yunivasite ey'Obwannannyini. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Accreditation |url=http://afru.ac.ug/about/accreditation |access-date=11 August 2016 |publisher=Africa Renewal University}}</ref> Oluvannyuma kyatongozebwa wansi w'erinnya lyayo eririwo ku ntandikwa ya 2014.<ref name="NV">{{cite news|title=Uneducated people make poor leaders- graduates told|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1338339/uneducated-people-poor-leaders-graduates-told|access-date=11 August 2016|work=[[New Vision]]|date=5 March 2014}}</ref> == Laba ne == * Eby'enjigiriza mu Uganda * Olukalala lwa yunivasite mu Uganda == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}}[https://nilepost.co.ug/2023/01/21/africa-renewal-university-cleared-by-nche-for-charter-status/?fbclid=IwAR1dgMoq3g1M8ZxBJ5YVoneMFIr9C4yIfnZ1ASC2c0AwWOxQqRh5Fk7ANP4 Africa-Renewal-University-ekiriziddwa -aba by-nche-for-charter-status] Bigiddwa okuva ku Nile Post [[Category:Zi Yunivasite n'amatendekero/amabanguliro mu ttundutundu ly'amasekkati , mu Uganda]] [[Category:Yunivasitizin'amatendekero /amabanguliro agatandikibwawo mu 2007]] [[Category:Zi Yunivasite zekikulisitayo n'amatendekero /amabanguliro mu Uganda]] [[Category:Eby'enjigiriza mu Disitulikiti y'e Wakiso]] [[Category:Ebyatandikibwawo mu 2007 mu Uganda]] 935vyipj24luxtemmhbem07p5lldt37 59382 59380 2026-07-06T17:39:10Z Ssebuufu 9882 59382 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Africa Renewal University''' (AfRU) ye yunivasite y'obwannannyini eri ku musingi gw'eddiini mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]]. Yatandikibwawo mu 2007 nga '''[[Gaba Bible Institute]]''', <ref name="History">{{Cite web |title=History |url=http://afru.ac.ug/about/who-we-are |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408030407/http://afru.ac.ug/about/who-we-are/ |archive-date=8 April 2018 |access-date=11 August 2016 |publisher=Africa Renewal University}}</ref>bweyali tennatuumibwa '''[[Africa Renewal Christian College]]''' . Essira lya yunivasite ekkulu lyatandikibwawo kusinziira ku bwetaavu bwa Afirika obw'abakulembeze abenzikiriza ya'Abakristaayo okuyimuka okugabana obusaasizi bwa Kristo n'enjiri ey'essuubi mu kkanisa n'abantu abayaayanira okukyusibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Who we are |url=https://afru.ac.ug/about/who-we-are/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429135713/https://afru.ac.ug/about/who-we-are/ |archive-date=2021-04-29 |access-date=2021-04-29 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ku nkomerero ya 2013, yafuna ebbaluwa egikkiriza okukola emirimu / Layisinsi ey’ekiseera okuva mu Kakiiko k'Eggwanga lya Uganda akavunaanyizibwa ku by'e by'enjigiriza by'amatendekero Agaawaggulu ([[Uganda National Council for Higher Education]]) okubeera Yunivasite ey'Obwannannyini. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Accreditation |url=http://afru.ac.ug/about/accreditation |access-date=11 August 2016 |publisher=Africa Renewal University}}</ref> Olwo yatongozebwa wansi w'erinnya lyayo eririwo kati ku ntandikwa ya 2014.<ref name="NV">{{cite news|title=Uneducated people make poor leaders- graduates told|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1338339/uneducated-people-poor-leaders-graduates-told|access-date=11 August 2016|work=[[New Vision]]|date=5 March 2014}}</ref> == Laba ne == * Eby'enjigiriza mu Uganda * Olukalala lwa yunivasite mu Uganda == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}}[https://nilepost.co.ug/2023/01/21/africa-renewal-university-cleared-by-nche-for-charter-status/?fbclid=IwAR1dgMoq3g1M8ZxBJ5YVoneMFIr9C4yIfnZ1ASC2c0AwWOxQqRh5Fk7ANP4 Africa-Renewal-University-ekiriziddwa -aba by-nche-for-charter-status] Bigiddwa okuva ku Nile Post [[Category:Zi Yunivasite n'amatendekero/amabanguliro mu ttundutundu ly'amasekkati , mu Uganda]] [[Category:Yunivasitizin'amatendekero /amabanguliro agatandikibwawo mu 2007]] [[Category:Zi Yunivasite zekikulisitayo n'amatendekero /amabanguliro mu Uganda]] [[Category:Eby'enjigiriza mu Disitulikiti y'e Wakiso]] [[Category:Ebyatandikibwawo mu 2007 mu Uganda]] tixfz5602rar7pbjk5wpri8neah2sfv African Bible College 0 12425 59358 43916 2026-07-06T17:09:37Z Berniter 10779 59358 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yunivasite ya bayibuli mu Afirika''', ye [[:en:University|yunivasite]] y'obwannannyini [[:en:Christianity|ey'Abakristaayo]] mu Uganda eyatandikibwawo era nga ya [[:en:African_Bible_Colleges|Matendekero ga bayibuli mu Afirika]] . == Ekifo == Kampasi ya African Bible University mu Uganda etudde ku yiika 30 (0.12 km ku [[:en:Lubowa|lusozi Lubowa]], nga kiromita 12 (7.5 mi), ku luguudo, mu bukiikaddyo bwa [[Kampala]], [[:en:Capital_city|ekibuga ekikulu]] ekya Uganda era ekibuga ekisinga obunene. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Road Distance Between Kampala And Lubowa With Map |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kampala%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda&toplace=Lubowa%2C%20Kampala%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda%2C&dt1=ChIJm7N0nQ-8fRcR7G9r2T2QOEU&dt2=ChIJ0aOOCAmXfRcRs21FnH_d6Gc |access-date=30 January 2015 |publisher=Globefeed.com}}</ref> Ekifo kiri ku kiromita 2 (1.2 mi) ebuvanjuba bw’oluguudo lwa [[Kampala]] - [[Entebbe]] . Ensengeka z'ekibangirizi kya yunivasite ze zino:0°14'26.0"N, 32°33'53.0"E (Latitude:0.240556; Longitude:32.564722). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Location of the Campus of African Bible University of Uganda At Google Maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/0%C2%B014'26.0%22N+32%C2%B033'53.0%22E/@0.2466137,32.5680674,14z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0 |access-date=30 January 2015 |publisher=[[Google|Google Maps]]}}</ref> == Okulambika okutwaliza awamu == Yunivasite ya bayibuli mu Afirika (Uganda) yatandikibwawo amatendekero ga [[:en:African_Bible_Colleges|bayibuli mu Afirika]] mu 2005 "okuwa ebyenjigiriza eby'omutindo okuva mu ndowooza y'Ekikristaayo eri amawanga ageetoolodde [[Sudaani|Sudan]], [[South Sudan]], [[Central African Republic]], [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Rwanda]], [[Burundi]], [[Tanzania]], [[Kenya]] ne [[Ethiopia]] ". Yunivasite eno ebuna yiika 30 (12 ha), ku ntikko y’olusozi olutunudde ku [[Nnalubaale|nnyanja Victoria]] . Yunivasite eno ly’ettendekero ly’Abakristaayo ery’okusatu mu matendekero aga waggulu eryatandikibwawo mu Afrika mu myaka egiyise. Ettendekero lya Baibuli erya Afrika eryasooka lyatandikibwawo mu [[Liberiya|Liberia]], [[:en:West_Africa|obugwanjuba bwa Afirika]] mu 1975. Ettendekero lya Baibuli eryokubiri ku lukalu lwa Africa lyatandikibwawo mu [[Malawi]], [[:en:Central_Africa|Amassekati ga Afirika]] mu 1991. Amatendekero gonna asatu gakkirizibwa gavumenti z’amawanga gaabwe ng’amatendekero agakkirizibwa, aga ddaala lya yunivasite, agagaba diguli. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015 |title=About African Bible University |url=http://www.africanbibleuniversity.org/uganda/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20111130001753/http://www.africanbibleuniversity.org/uganda/ |archive-date=2011-11-30 |access-date=30 January 2015 |publisher=[[African Bible Universities|African Bible Universities Organization]]}}</ref> == Ensonga z’ebyenjigiriza == Ettendekero lino liwa pulogulaamu ey’emyaka ena nga eno etegekeddwa okuwa abayizi abamaze diguli ya [[:en:Bachelor_of_Arts|Bachelor of Arts]] mu [[:en:Biblical_studies|kusoma Baibuli]], nga eno egattibwako n’omwana omuto mu bizinensi, empuliziganya, oba [[:en:Catechesis|ebyenjigiriza by’Ekikristaayo]] . == Laba ne == * [[:en:African_Bible_Universities|Yunivasite za Baibuli mu Afrika]] * [[Ebyenjigiriza mu Uganda]] * [[:en:List_of_universities_in_Uganda|Olukalala lwa yunivasite mu Uganda]] * [[:en:Lubowa|Lubowa]] == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * [https://abu.ac.ug/ Yunivasite ya Baibuli ya Africa Uganda Homepage] * [http://africanbiblecolleges.net/ Amatendekero ga Baibuli mu Afrika Homepage] 9kp3lpd9kx34kbv3jhxoczz83bn320m 59359 59358 2026-07-06T17:10:28Z Berniter 10779 59359 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yunivasite ya bayibuli mu Afirika''', ye [[:en:University|yunivasite]] y'obwannannyini [[:en:Christianity|ey'Abakristaayo]] mu Uganda eyatandikibwawo era nga ya [[:en:African_Bible_Colleges|Matendekero ga bayibuli mu Afirika]] . == Ekifo == Kampasi ya African Bible University mu Uganda etudde ku yiika 30 (0.12 km ku [[:en:Lubowa|lusozi Lubowa]], nga kiromita 12 (7.5 mi), ku luguudo, mu bukiikaddyo bwa [[Kampala]], [[:en:Capital_city|ekibuga ekikulu]] ekya Uganda era ekibuga ekisinga obunene. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Road Distance Between Kampala And Lubowa With Map |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kampala%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda&toplace=Lubowa%2C%20Kampala%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda%2C&dt1=ChIJm7N0nQ-8fRcR7G9r2T2QOEU&dt2=ChIJ0aOOCAmXfRcRs21FnH_d6Gc |access-date=30 January 2015 |publisher=Globefeed.com}}</ref> Ekifo kiri ku kiromita 2 (1.2 mi) ebuvanjuba bw’oluguudo lwa [[Kampala]] - [[Entebbe]] . Ensengeka z'ekibangirizi kya yunivasite ze zino:0°14'26.0"N, 32°33'53.0"E (Latitude:0.240556; Longitude:32.564722). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Location of the Campus of African Bible University of Uganda At Google Maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/0%C2%B014'26.0%22N+32%C2%B033'53.0%22E/@0.2466137,32.5680674,14z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0 |access-date=30 January 2015 |publisher=[[Google|Google Maps]]}}</ref> == Okulambika okutwaliza awamu == Yunivasite ya bayibuli mu Afirika (Uganda) yatandikibwawo amatendekero ga [[:en:African_Bible_Colleges|bayibuli mu Afirika]] mu 2005 "okuwa ebyenjigiriza eby'omutindo okuva mu ndowooza y'Ekikristaayo eri amawanga ageetoolodde [[Sudaani|Sudan]], [[South Sudan]], [[Central African Republic]], [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Rwanda]], [[Burundi]], [[Tanzania]], [[Kenya]] ne [[Ethiopia]] ". Yunivasite eno ebuna yiika 30 (12 ha), ku ntikko y’olusozi olutunudde ku [[Nnalubaale|nnyanja Victoria]] . Yunivasite eno ly’ettendekero ly’Abakristaayo ery’okusatu mu matendekero aga waggulu eryatandikibwawo mu Afrika mu myaka egiyise. Ettendekero lya Baibuli erya Afrika eryasooka lyatandikibwawo mu [[Liberiya|Liberia]], [[:en:West_Africa|obugwanjuba bwa Afirika]] mu 1975. Ettendekero lya Baibuli eryokubiri ku lukalu lwa Africa lyatandikibwawo mu [[Malawi]], [[:en:Central_Africa|Amassekati ga Afirika]] mu 1991. Amatendekero gonna asatu gakkirizibwa gavumenti z’amawanga gaabwe ng’amatendekero agakkirizibwa, aga ddaala lya yunivasite, agagaba diguli. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015 |title=About African Bible University |url=http://www.africanbibleuniversity.org/uganda/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20111130001753/http://www.africanbibleuniversity.org/uganda/ |archive-date=2011-11-30 |access-date=30 January 2015 |publisher=[[African Bible Universities|African Bible Universities Organization]]}}</ref> == Ensonga z’ebyenjigiriza == Ettendekero lino liwa pulogulaamu ey’emyaka ena nga eno etegekeddwa okuwa abayizi abamaze diguli ya [[:en:Bachelor_of_Arts|Bachelor of Arts]] mu [[:en:Biblical_studies|kusoma Baibuli]], nga eno egattibwako n’omwana omuto mu bizinensi, empuliziganya, oba [[:en:Catechesis|ebyenjigiriza by’Ekikristaayo]] . == Laba ne == * [[:en:African_Bible_Universities|Yunivasite za Baibuli mu Afrika]] * [[Ebyenjigiriza mu Uganda]] * [[:en:List_of_universities_in_Uganda|Olukalala lwa yunivasite mu Uganda]] * [[:en:Lubowa|Lubowa]] == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * [https://abu.ac.ug/ Yunivasite ya Baibuli ya Africa Uganda Homepage] * [http://africanbiblecolleges.net/ Amatendekero ga Baibuli mu Afrika Homepage] 9udpnycrrntvmgli5mva3xtqqfa1ofu 59379 59359 2026-07-06T17:36:07Z Berniter 10779 59379 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yunivasite ya bayibuli mu Afirika''',kibiina ekirimu amatendekero ga Baibuli agawerako mu Afirika.Amatendekero gano asatu gawa abayizi ebyenjigiriza eby’omutendera gwa yunivasite nga byesigamiziddwa ku ndowooza y’Obukristaayo, nga bigenderera okutendeka abasajja n’abakazi okubeera abakulembeze n’abaweereza mu mulimu gw’Obukristaayo. == Ekifo == Kampasi ya African Bible University mu Uganda etudde ku yiika 30 (0.12 km ku [[:en:Lubowa|lusozi Lubowa]], nga kiromita 12 (7.5 mi), ku luguudo, mu bukiikaddyo bwa [[Kampala]], [[:en:Capital_city|ekibuga ekikulu]] ekya Uganda era ekibuga ekisinga obunene. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Road Distance Between Kampala And Lubowa With Map |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kampala%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda&toplace=Lubowa%2C%20Kampala%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda%2C&dt1=ChIJm7N0nQ-8fRcR7G9r2T2QOEU&dt2=ChIJ0aOOCAmXfRcRs21FnH_d6Gc |access-date=30 January 2015 |publisher=Globefeed.com}}</ref> Ekifo kiri ku kiromita 2 (1.2 mi) ebuvanjuba bw’oluguudo lwa [[Kampala]] - [[Entebbe]] . Ensengeka z'ekibangirizi kya yunivasite ze zino:0°14'26.0"N, 32°33'53.0"E (Latitude:0.240556; Longitude:32.564722). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Location of the Campus of African Bible University of Uganda At Google Maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/0%C2%B014'26.0%22N+32%C2%B033'53.0%22E/@0.2466137,32.5680674,14z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0 |access-date=30 January 2015 |publisher=[[Google|Google Maps]]}}</ref> == Okulambika okutwaliza awamu == Yunivasite ya bayibuli mu Afirika (Uganda) yatandikibwawo amatendekero ga [[:en:African_Bible_Colleges|bayibuli mu Afirika]] mu 2005 "okuwa ebyenjigiriza eby'omutindo okuva mu ndowooza y'Ekikristaayo eri amawanga ageetoolodde [[Sudaani|Sudan]], [[South Sudan]], [[Central African Republic]], [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Rwanda]], [[Burundi]], [[Tanzania]], [[Kenya]] ne [[Ethiopia]] ". Yunivasite eno ebuna yiika 30 (12 ha), ku ntikko y’olusozi olutunudde ku [[Nnalubaale|nnyanja Victoria]] . Yunivasite eno ly’ettendekero ly’Abakristaayo ery’okusatu mu matendekero aga waggulu eryatandikibwawo mu Afrika mu myaka egiyise. Ettendekero lya Baibuli erya Afrika eryasooka lyatandikibwawo mu [[Liberiya|Liberia]], [[:en:West_Africa|obugwanjuba bwa Afirika]] mu 1975. Ettendekero lya Baibuli eryokubiri ku lukalu lwa Africa lyatandikibwawo mu [[Malawi]], [[:en:Central_Africa|Amassekati ga Afirika]] mu 1991. Amatendekero gonna asatu gakkirizibwa gavumenti z’amawanga gaabwe ng’amatendekero agakkirizibwa, aga ddaala lya yunivasite, agagaba diguli. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015 |title=About African Bible University |url=http://www.africanbibleuniversity.org/uganda/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20111130001753/http://www.africanbibleuniversity.org/uganda/ |archive-date=2011-11-30 |access-date=30 January 2015 |publisher=[[African Bible Universities|African Bible Universities Organization]]}}</ref> == Ensonga z’ebyenjigiriza == Ettendekero lino liwa pulogulaamu ey’emyaka ena nga eno etegekeddwa okuwa abayizi abamaze diguli ya [[:en:Bachelor_of_Arts|Bachelor of Arts]] mu [[:en:Biblical_studies|kusoma Baibuli]], nga eno egattibwako n’omwana omuto mu bizinensi, empuliziganya, oba [[:en:Catechesis|ebyenjigiriza by’Ekikristaayo]] . == Laba ne == * [[:en:African_Bible_Universities|Yunivasite za Baibuli mu Afrika]] * [[Ebyenjigiriza mu Uganda]] * [[:en:List_of_universities_in_Uganda|Olukalala lwa yunivasite mu Uganda]] * [[:en:Lubowa|Lubowa]] == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * [https://abu.ac.ug/ Yunivasite ya Baibuli ya Africa Uganda Homepage] * [http://africanbiblecolleges.net/ Amatendekero ga Baibuli mu Afrika Homepage] rzjiogwd6o9g8az4hgit1kte34y9p1d 59381 59379 2026-07-06T17:38:36Z Berniter 10779 59381 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yunivasite ya bayibuli mu Afirika''',kibiina ekirimu amatendekero ga Baibuli agawerako mu Afirika.Amatendekero gano asatu gawa abayizi ebyenjigiriza eby’omutendera gwa yunivasite nga byesigamiziddwa ku ndowooza y’Obukristaayo, nga bigenderera okutendeka abasajja n’abakazi okubeera abakulembeze n’abaweereza mu mulimu gw’Obukristaayo. == Ebyafaayo == Kampasi ya African Bible University mu Uganda etudde ku yiika 30 (0.12 km ku [[:en:Lubowa|lusozi Lubowa]], nga kiromita 12 (7.5 mi), ku luguudo, mu bukiikaddyo bwa [[Kampala]], [[:en:Capital_city|ekibuga ekikulu]] ekya Uganda era ekibuga ekisinga obunene. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Road Distance Between Kampala And Lubowa With Map |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kampala%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda&toplace=Lubowa%2C%20Kampala%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda%2C&dt1=ChIJm7N0nQ-8fRcR7G9r2T2QOEU&dt2=ChIJ0aOOCAmXfRcRs21FnH_d6Gc |access-date=30 January 2015 |publisher=Globefeed.com}}</ref> Ekifo kiri ku kiromita 2 (1.2 mi) ebuvanjuba bw’oluguudo lwa [[Kampala]] - [[Entebbe]] . Ensengeka z'ekibangirizi kya yunivasite ze zino:0°14'26.0"N, 32°33'53.0"E (Latitude:0.240556; Longitude:32.564722). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Location of the Campus of African Bible University of Uganda At Google Maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/0%C2%B014'26.0%22N+32%C2%B033'53.0%22E/@0.2466137,32.5680674,14z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0 |access-date=30 January 2015 |publisher=[[Google|Google Maps]]}}</ref> == Okulambika okutwaliza awamu == Yunivasite ya bayibuli mu Afirika (Uganda) yatandikibwawo amatendekero ga [[:en:African_Bible_Colleges|bayibuli mu Afirika]] mu 2005 "okuwa ebyenjigiriza eby'omutindo okuva mu ndowooza y'Ekikristaayo eri amawanga ageetoolodde [[Sudaani|Sudan]], [[South Sudan]], [[Central African Republic]], [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Rwanda]], [[Burundi]], [[Tanzania]], [[Kenya]] ne [[Ethiopia]] ". Yunivasite eno ebuna yiika 30 (12 ha), ku ntikko y’olusozi olutunudde ku [[Nnalubaale|nnyanja Victoria]] . Yunivasite eno ly’ettendekero ly’Abakristaayo ery’okusatu mu matendekero aga waggulu eryatandikibwawo mu Afrika mu myaka egiyise. Ettendekero lya Baibuli erya Afrika eryasooka lyatandikibwawo mu [[Liberiya|Liberia]], [[:en:West_Africa|obugwanjuba bwa Afirika]] mu 1975. Ettendekero lya Baibuli eryokubiri ku lukalu lwa Africa lyatandikibwawo mu [[Malawi]], [[:en:Central_Africa|Amassekati ga Afirika]] mu 1991. Amatendekero gonna asatu gakkirizibwa gavumenti z’amawanga gaabwe ng’amatendekero agakkirizibwa, aga ddaala lya yunivasite, agagaba diguli. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015 |title=About African Bible University |url=http://www.africanbibleuniversity.org/uganda/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20111130001753/http://www.africanbibleuniversity.org/uganda/ |archive-date=2011-11-30 |access-date=30 January 2015 |publisher=[[African Bible Universities|African Bible Universities Organization]]}}</ref> == Ensonga z’ebyenjigiriza == Ettendekero lino liwa pulogulaamu ey’emyaka ena nga eno etegekeddwa okuwa abayizi abamaze diguli ya [[:en:Bachelor_of_Arts|Bachelor of Arts]] mu [[:en:Biblical_studies|kusoma Baibuli]], nga eno egattibwako n’omwana omuto mu bizinensi, empuliziganya, oba [[:en:Catechesis|ebyenjigiriza by’Ekikristaayo]] . == Laba ne == * [[:en:African_Bible_Universities|Yunivasite za Baibuli mu Afrika]] * [[Ebyenjigiriza mu Uganda]] * [[:en:List_of_universities_in_Uganda|Olukalala lwa yunivasite mu Uganda]] * [[:en:Lubowa|Lubowa]] == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * [https://abu.ac.ug/ Yunivasite ya Baibuli ya Africa Uganda Homepage] * [http://africanbiblecolleges.net/ Amatendekero ga Baibuli mu Afrika Homepage] myi78dm8pgbkdszkt9fuexpunbqi4qq 59386 59381 2026-07-06T18:06:28Z Berniter 10779 59386 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yunivasite ya bayibuli mu Afirika''',kibiina ekirimu amatendekero ga Baibuli agawerako mu Afirika.Amatendekero gano asatu gawa abayizi ebyenjigiriza eby’omutendera gwa yunivasite nga byesigamiziddwa ku ndowooza y’Obukristaayo, nga bigenderera okutendeka abasajja n’abakazi okubeera abakulembeze n’abaweereza mu mulimu gw’Obukristaayo. == Ebyafaayo == African Bible Colleges yatandikibwawo mu mwaka gwa 1976, era ettendekero lyayo eryasooka lyaaggulwawo mu 1978 mu ggwanga lya Liberia, mu kitundu kya Afirika ey’ebugwanjuba.Mu mwaka gwa 1991, ettendekero eryokubiri lyaggulwawo mu ggwanga lya Malawi mu kitundu kya Afirika eya wakati. Oluvannyuma, mu mwaka gwa 2005, ettendekero eryokusatu lyaggulwawo mu Uganda mu kitundu kya Afirika ey’ebuvanjuba.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.stornowaygazette.co.uk/features/Building-friendships-andbuilding-a-future.4181756.jp|title=Building friendships and building a future|publisher=[[Stornoway Gazette]]|date=2008-06-12|accessdate=2009-09-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617210023/http://www.stornowaygazette.co.uk/features/Building-friendships-andbuilding-a-future.4181756.jp|archive-date=2008-06-17|url-status=dead}}</ref>Ng'olutalo  olwasooka mu Liberia terunnabaawo, ABC yakolanga nga ttendekero ery'omulembe era lyawanga Ddiguli za BA oluvannyuma lw'okukakasibwa mu 1983 ekitongole ky'Ebyenjigiriza, naye lyawalirizibwa okuggalawo olw'olutalo olwabalukawo mu  Ssaza l'ye Nimba , ettendekero we lisangibwa.Ttendekero lyaddamu okuggulwawo mu 2008.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2008-02-26 |title=Liberia: African Bible College University Bounces Back |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200802260909.html |publisher=[[AllAfrica.com]]|accessdate=2009-09-19}}</ref> == Pulogulaamu == Enteekateeka y'ebisomesebwa mu myaka ena etegekeddwa okubeera ey'okumaliriza oba ey'okuteekateeka omuntu okweyongerayo mu buyigirize.<ref name="about">{{Cite web |title=African Bible Colleges - About ABC |url=http://www.africanbiblecolleges.net/about-us/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420004137/http://www.africanbiblecolleges.net/about-us/ |archive-date=2016-04-20 |access-date=2015-07-13}}</ref> == Okwenyigira mu byemizannyo. == African Bible College mu Malawi bulijjo ebeera n'empaka z'omupiira gw'ensero n'emizannyo emirala ku mutendera gw'eggwanga, omuli empaka z'eggwanga ez'abazannyi.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dailytimes.bppmw.com/article.asp?ArticleID=7977|title=All Stars to expose Malawi's cream|publisher=The Daily Times|date=2008-01-11|accessdate=2009-09-19}}{{dead link|date=June 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>Ttiimu zaabwe ez'ebyemizannyo ziyitibwa ABC Lions. == Ebijuliziddwa == == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * [https://abu.ac.ug/ Yunivasite ya Baibuli ya Africa Uganda Homepage] * [http://africanbiblecolleges.net/ Amatendekero ga Baibuli mu Afrika Homepage] r29lwd02axskzcbcnzvxbikvbjgbvv4 59388 59386 2026-07-06T18:11:07Z Berniter 10779 59388 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yunivasite ya bayibuli mu Afirika''',kibiina ekirimu amatendekero ga Baibuli agawerako mu Afirika.Amatendekero gano asatu gawa abayizi ebyenjigiriza eby’omutendera gwa yunivasite nga byesigamiziddwa ku ndowooza y’Obukristaayo, nga bigenderera okutendeka abasajja n’abakazi okubeera abakulembeze n’abaweereza mu mulimu gw’Obukristaayo. == Ebyafaayo == African Bible Colleges yatandikibwawo mu mwaka gwa 1976, era ettendekero lyayo eryasooka lyaaggulwawo mu 1978 mu ggwanga lya Liberia, mu kitundu kya Afirika ey’ebugwanjuba.Mu mwaka gwa 1991, ettendekero eryokubiri lyaggulwawo mu ggwanga lya Malawi mu kitundu kya Afirika eya wakati. Oluvannyuma, mu mwaka gwa 2005, ettendekero eryokusatu lyaggulwawo mu Uganda mu kitundu kya Afirika ey’ebuvanjuba.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.stornowaygazette.co.uk/features/Building-friendships-andbuilding-a-future.4181756.jp|title=Building friendships and building a future|publisher=[[Stornoway Gazette]]|date=2008-06-12|accessdate=2009-09-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617210023/http://www.stornowaygazette.co.uk/features/Building-friendships-andbuilding-a-future.4181756.jp|archive-date=2008-06-17|url-status=dead}}</ref>Ng'olutalo  olwasooka mu Liberia terunnabaawo, ABC yakolanga nga ttendekero ery'omulembe era lyawanga Ddiguli za BA oluvannyuma lw'okukakasibwa mu 1983 ekitongole ky'Ebyenjigiriza, naye lyawalirizibwa okuggalawo olw'olutalo olwabalukawo mu  Ssaza l'ye Nimba , ettendekero we lisangibwa.Ttendekero lyaddamu okuggulwawo mu 2008.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2008-02-26 |title=Liberia: African Bible College University Bounces Back |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200802260909.html |publisher=[[AllAfrica.com]]|accessdate=2009-09-19}}</ref> == Pulogulaamu == Enteekateeka y'ebisomesebwa mu myaka ena etegekeddwa okubeera ey'okumaliriza oba ey'okuteekateeka omuntu okweyongerayo mu buyigirize.<ref name="about">{{Cite web |title=African Bible Colleges - About ABC |url=http://www.africanbiblecolleges.net/about-us/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420004137/http://www.africanbiblecolleges.net/about-us/ |archive-date=2016-04-20 |access-date=2015-07-13}}</ref> == Okwenyigira mu byemizannyo. == African Bible College mu Malawi bulijjo ebeera n'empaka z'omupiira gw'ensero n'emizannyo emirala ku mutendera gw'eggwanga, omuli empaka z'eggwanga ez'abazannyi.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dailytimes.bppmw.com/article.asp?ArticleID=7977|title=All Stars to expose Malawi's cream|publisher=The Daily Times|date=2008-01-11|accessdate=2009-09-19}}{{dead link|date=June 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>Ttiimu zaabwe ez'ebyemizannyo ziyitibwa ABC Lions. == Ebijuliziddwa == evemldhjqlj579yzgr9pai0pj0jhe93 Kadidja Mohamed Ali, munnabyabufuzi 0 12699 59417 46059 2026-07-07T07:38:09Z Ssemmanda will 3837 added [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 59417 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''Kadidja Mohamed Ali''' munnabyabufuzi [[Djibouti|mu Djibouti]] . Mu 2003, yalondebwa mu lukiiko lw’eggwanga olukulu ng’omu ku bakyala abaasooka okuyingira palamenti. == Obukugu bwe == Nga okulonda kwa 2003 tekunnabaawo, etteeka eppya ku by’okulonda lyayisibwa nga liragira waakiri ebitundu kumi ku kikumi ku nkalala z’ebibiina okubeera nga kuliko buli kikula kya muntu. <ref>[http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2089_03.htm Djibouti: Parliamentary Chamber: Assemblée nationale: Elections held in 2003] Inter-Parliamentary Union</ref>Ali yalondebwa mu kitundu kya Djibouti ng'akiikiridde ekibiina kya Union for the Presidential Majority. Ono y’omu ku bakyala omusanvu abaasooka mu lukiiko lw’eggwanga olukulu. <ref name="DAF2">Daher Ahmed Farah (2018) [https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01941729/document Savoir et pouvoir dans le contexte de Djibouti : des configurations éducatives entre constructions de savoir et relations de pouvoir] CNAM</ref> == Ebijulizo == <references /> {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] 614r2iqlo4ky4g9b65ka7woi5nggwrw Alan Kasujja 0 12850 59275 59269 2026-07-06T12:12:37Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Nnyongeddemu okunnyonnyola 59275 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Alan Kasujja''' (b. ca. 1978) [[Munnayuganda]] era munnamawulire omuweereza ku leediyo eyakolera ku BBC News okumala emyaka 13, n'avaayo mu Gwomunaana 2025. Kasujja yali omu ku baweereza ba ''Newsday'' abakulu era ne pulogulaamu kati eyayimirizibwa ey'Africa Daily ku mukutu gwa BBC World Service. Mu kiseera kino y’akulira ekitongole kya Uganda Media Centre, ekifo ng'omukozi wa gavumenti kyafuniddemu okumwemulugunyako. == Omulimu == Kasujja omulimu gw’amawulire yagutandika mu myaka gya 1990, kuradi Sanyu fm. Akoze ku mattivvi ne leediyo za Uganda. Emabegako awo yakola pulogulaamu y'okumakya ku leediyo ‘The Big Breakfast’ ku Kampala ng’esinziira ku 91.3 Capital FM ng’ali ne Jackie Lumbasi ne Ramesh Gabalsing, era abadde ayanjudde pulogulaamu y’omuzannyo ''Ani ayagala okubeera Millionai?'' okuva mu mwaka gwa 2011. Era yategeka pulogulaamu ya ''The Fourth Estate'', ey’emboozi y’ebyobufuzi eyakwatayo ennyo mu Uganda. Kasujja abadde abeera London okuva mu mwaka gwa 2012, nga y’omu ku baweereza ku ''mukutu gwa Newsday'' . Nga 15 gatonnya 2016, Kasujja yali omu ku bakubiriza okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku ba pulezidenti okwasooka ku ttivvi mu Uganda, ng’ali wamu ne munnamawulire wa KTN Nancy Kacungira . <ref><nowiki>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Kacungira</nowiki></ref> == Obulamu ku bubwe == Alan Kasujja yamala emyaka kkumi n'ebiri egyasooka mu bulamu bwe mu Kenya, gye yali addukidde okusobola okuwona obwannakyemalira bwa Idi Amin.[3] Yaddayo okubeera mu Uganda nga wa myaka kkumi n'ebiri, era oluvannyuma n'asoma amateeka ku Yunivasite y' Makerere. [[Category:Bannamawulire mu Uganda]] r07k1uprfz3cnzzp6pfkmcy75s2l2l1 59281 59275 2026-07-06T12:17:10Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Nnyongeddemu okunnyonnyola 59281 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Alan Kasujja''' (b. ca. 1978) [[Munnayuganda]] era munnamawulire omuweereza ku leediyo eyakolera ku BBC News okumala emyaka 13, n'avaayo mu Gwomunaana 2025. Kasujja yali omu ku baweereza ba ''Newsday'' abakulu era ne pulogulaamu kati eyayimirizibwa ey'Africa Daily ku mukutu gwa BBC World Service. Mu kiseera kino y’akulira ekitongole kya Uganda Media Centre, ekifo ng'omukozi wa gavumenti kyafuniddemu okumwemulugunyako. == Omulimu == Kasujja omulimu gw’amawulire yagutandika mu myaka gya 1990, kuradi Sanyu fm. Akoze ku mattivvi ne leediyo za Uganda. Emabegako awo yakola pulogulaamu y'okumakya ku leediyo ‘The Big Breakfast’ ku Kampala ng’esinziira ku 91.3 Capital FM ng’ali ne Jackie Lumbasi ne Ramesh Gabalsing, era abadde ayanjudde pulogulaamu y’omuzannyo ''Ani ayagala okubeera Millionai?'' okuva mu mwaka gwa 2011. Era yategeka pulogulaamu ya ''The Fourth Estate'', ey’emboozi y’ebyobufuzi eyakwatayo ennyo mu Uganda. Kasujja abadde abeera London okuva mu mwaka gwa 2012, nga y’omu ku baweereza ku ''mukutu gwa Newsday'' . Nga 15 gatonnya 2016, Kasujja yali omu ku bakubiriza okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku ba pulezidenti okwasooka ku ttivvi mu Uganda, ng’ali wamu ne munnamawulire wa KTN Nancy Kacungira . <ref><nowiki>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Kacungira</nowiki></ref> == Obulamu ku bubwe == Alan Kasujja yamala emyaka kkumi n'ebiri egyasooka mu bulamu bwe mu Kenya, gye yali addukidde okusobola okuwona obwannakyemalira bwa Idi Amin.[3] Yaddayo okubeera mu Uganda nga wa myaka kkumi n'ebiri, era oluvannyuma n'asoma amateeka ku Yunivasite y' Makerere. Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2003, Kasujja yawasa Sara Shalita, muwala w'omugenzi Ernest Munyambabazi Shalita eyali bishop w'Abakrisitaayo mu Muhabura.[4] Kasujja mukwano gwa Muhoozi Kainerugaba, era y'enyigira mu kujaguza amazaalibwa ge ag'emyaka 48. [[Category:Bannamawulire mu Uganda]] k9ifsv5svqebdai4yooj8h3lbx2ss75 59286 59281 2026-07-06T12:23:03Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Nterezezza empandiika 59286 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Alan Kasujja''' (b. ca. 1978) [[Munnayuganda]] era munnamawulire omuweereza ku leediyo eyakolera ku BBC News okumala emyaka 13, n'avaayo mu Gwomunaana 2025. Kasujja yali omu ku baweereza ba ''Newsday'' abakulu era ne pulogulaamu kati eyayimirizibwa ey'Africa Daily ku mukutu gwa BBC World Service. Mu kiseera kino y’akulira ekitongole kya Uganda Media Centre, ekifo ng'omukozi wa gavumenti kyafuniddemu okumwemulugunyako. == Omulimu == Kasujja omulimu gw’amawulire yagutandika mu myaka gya 1990, ku Sanyu Fm. Akoze ku ttivvi ne leediyo za Uganda. Emabegako awo yakola pulogulaamu y'okumakya ku leediyo ‘The Big Breakfast’ ku Kampala ng’esinziira ku 91.3 Capital FM ng’ali ne Jackie Lumbasi ne Ramesh Gabalsing, era abadde ayanjudde pulogulaamu y’omuzannyo ''Ani ayagala okubeera Millionai?'' okuva mu mwaka gwa 2011. Era yategeka pulogulaamu ya ''The Fourth Estate'', ey’emboozi y’ebyobufuzi eyakwatayo ennyo mu Uganda. Kasujja abadde abeera London okuva mu mwaka gwa 2012, nga y’omu ku baweereza ku ''mukutu gwa Newsday'' . Nga 15 gatonnya 2016, Kasujja yali omu ku bakubiriza okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku ba pulezidenti okwasooka ku ttivvi mu Uganda, ng’ali wamu ne munnamawulire wa KTN Nancy Kacungira . <ref><nowiki>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Kacungira</nowiki></ref> == Obulamu ku bubwe == Alan Kasujja yamala emyaka kkumi n'ebiri egyasooka mu bulamu bwe mu Kenya, gye yali addukidde okusobola okuwona obwannakyemalira bwa Idi Amin.[3] Yaddayo okubeera mu Uganda nga wa myaka kkumi n'ebiri, era oluvannyuma n'asoma amateeka ku Yunivasite y' Makerere. Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2003, Kasujja yawasa Sara Shalita, muwala w'omugenzi Ernest Munyambabazi Shalita eyali bishop w'Abakrisitaayo mu Muhabura.[4] Kasujja mukwano gwa Muhoozi Kainerugaba, era y'enyigira mu kujaguza amazaalibwa ge ag'emyaka 48. [[Category:Bannamawulire mu Uganda]] a8f71tdnzq33kbuaretehvzjjqn01dw 59289 59286 2026-07-06T12:27:29Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Nterezezza empandiika 59289 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Alan Kasujja''' (b. ca. 1978) [[Munnayuganda]] era munnamawulire omuweereza ku leediyo eyakolera ku BBC News okumala emyaka 13, n'avaayo mu Gwomunaana 2025. Kasujja yali omu ku baweereza ba ''Newsday'' abakulu era ne pulogulaamu kati eyayimirizibwa ey'Africa Daily ku mukutu gwa BBC World Service. Mu kiseera kino y’akulira ekitongole kya Uganda Media Centre, ekifo ng'omukozi wa gavumenti kyafuniddemu okumwemulugunyako. == Omulimu == Kasujja omulimu gw’amawulire yagutandika mu myaka gya 1990, ku Sanyu Fm. Akoze ku ttivvi ne leediyo za Uganda. Emabegako yakolako pulogulaamu y'okumakya ‘The Big Breakfast’ ku leediyo ya 91.3 Capital FM ng’ali ne Jackie Lumbasi ne Ramesh Gabalsing, era abadde ayanjula pulogulaamu y’omuzannyo ''Who wants to be a Millionaire?'' okuva mu 2011. Era yakubiriza pulogulaamu ya ''The Fourth Estate'', ey’emboozi y’ebyobufuzi mu Uganda. Kasujja abadde abeera London okuva mu mwaka gwa 2012, nga y’omu ku baweereza ku ''mukutu gwa Newsday'' . Nga 15 gatonnya 2016, Kasujja yali omu ku bakubiriza okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku ba pulezidenti okwasooka ku ttivvi mu Uganda, ng’ali wamu ne munnamawulire wa KTN Nancy Kacungira . <ref><nowiki>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Kacungira</nowiki></ref> == Obulamu ku bubwe == Alan Kasujja yamala emyaka kkumi n'ebiri egyasooka mu bulamu bwe mu Kenya, gye yali addukidde okusobola okuwona obwannakyemalira bwa Idi Amin.[3] Yaddayo okubeera mu Uganda nga wa myaka kkumi n'ebiri, era oluvannyuma n'asoma amateeka ku Yunivasite y' Makerere. Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2003, Kasujja yawasa Sara Shalita, muwala w'omugenzi Ernest Munyambabazi Shalita eyali bishop w'Abakrisitaayo mu Muhabura.[4] Kasujja mukwano gwa Muhoozi Kainerugaba, era y'enyigira mu kujaguza amazaalibwa ge ag'emyaka 48. [[Category:Bannamawulire mu Uganda]] k14xcqmg7pfbmhg5wm5bxsl0adfr9fq 59291 59289 2026-07-06T12:28:50Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Nterezezza empandiika 59291 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Alan Kasujja''' (b. ca. 1978) [[Munnayuganda]] era munnamawulire omuweereza ku leediyo eyakolera ku BBC News okumala emyaka 13, n'avaayo mu Gwomunaana 2025. Kasujja yali omu ku baweereza ba ''Newsday'' abakulu era ne pulogulaamu kati eyayimirizibwa ey'Africa Daily ku mukutu gwa BBC World Service. Mu kiseera kino y’akulira ekitongole kya Uganda Media Centre, ekifo ng'omukozi wa gavumenti kyafuniddemu okumwemulugunyako. == Omulimu == Kasujja omulimu gw’amawulire yagutandika mu myaka gya 1990, ku Sanyu Fm. Akoze ku ttivvi ne leediyo za Uganda. Emabegako yakolako pulogulaamu y'okumakya ‘The Big Breakfast’ ku leediyo ya 91.3 Capital FM ng’ali ne Jackie Lumbasi ne Ramesh Gabalsing, era abadde ayanjula pulogulaamu y’omuzannyo ''Who wants to be a Millionaire?'' okuva mu 2011. Era yakubiriza pulogulaamu ya ''The Fourth Estate'', ey’emboozi y’ebyobufuzi mu Uganda. Kasujja abadde abeera London okuva mu mwaka gwa 2012, nga y’omu ku baweereza ba Newsday ab'olulango. Nga 15 gatonnya 2016, Kasujja yali omu ku bakubiriza okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku ba pulezidenti okwasooka ku ttivvi mu Uganda, ng’ali wamu ne munnamawulire wa KTN Nancy Kacungira . <ref><nowiki>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Kacungira</nowiki></ref> == Obulamu ku bubwe == Alan Kasujja yamala emyaka kkumi n'ebiri egyasooka mu bulamu bwe mu Kenya, gye yali addukidde okusobola okuwona obwannakyemalira bwa Idi Amin.[3] Yaddayo okubeera mu Uganda nga wa myaka kkumi n'ebiri, era oluvannyuma n'asoma amateeka ku Yunivasite y' Makerere. Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2003, Kasujja yawasa Sara Shalita, muwala w'omugenzi Ernest Munyambabazi Shalita eyali bishop w'Abakrisitaayo mu Muhabura.[4] Kasujja mukwano gwa Muhoozi Kainerugaba, era y'enyigira mu kujaguza amazaalibwa ge ag'emyaka 48. [[Category:Bannamawulire mu Uganda]] 8be1s2kpw72kb57ucya97p0sohu3l4u 59292 59291 2026-07-06T12:30:36Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Nterezezza empandiika 59292 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Alan Kasujja''' (b. ca. 1978) [[Munnayuganda]] era munnamawulire omuweereza ku leediyo eyakolera ku BBC News okumala emyaka 13, n'avaayo mu Gwomunaana 2025. Kasujja yali omu ku baweereza ba ''Newsday'' abakulu era ne pulogulaamu kati eyayimirizibwa ey'Africa Daily ku mukutu gwa BBC World Service. Mu kiseera kino y’akulira ekitongole kya Uganda Media Centre, ekifo ng'omukozi wa gavumenti kyafuniddemu okumwemulugunyako. == Omulimu == Kasujja omulimu gw’amawulire yagutandika mu myaka gya 1990, ku Sanyu Fm. Akoze ku ttivvi ne leediyo za Uganda. Emabegako yakolako pulogulaamu y'okumakya ‘The Big Breakfast’ ku leediyo ya 91.3 Capital FM ng’ali ne Jackie Lumbasi ne Ramesh Gabalsing, era abadde ayanjula pulogulaamu y’omuzannyo ''Who wants to be a Millionaire?'' okuva mu 2011. Era yakubiriza pulogulaamu ya ''The Fourth Estate'', ey’emboozi y’ebyobufuzi mu Uganda. Kasujja abadde abeera London okuva mu mwaka gwa 2012, nga y’omu ku baweereza ba Newsday ab'olulango. Nga 15 Ogwoluberyeberye 2016, Kasujja yali omu ku baakubiriza okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku bwapulezidenti okwasooka ku ttivvi mu Uganda, ng’ali wamu ne munnamawulire wa KTN Nancy Kacungira.<ref><nowiki>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Kacungira</nowiki></ref> == Obulamu ku bubwe == Alan Kasujja yamala emyaka kkumi n'ebiri egyasooka mu bulamu bwe mu Kenya, gye yali addukidde okusobola okuwona obwannakyemalira bwa Idi Amin.[3] Yaddayo okubeera mu Uganda nga wa myaka kkumi n'ebiri, era oluvannyuma n'asoma amateeka ku Yunivasite y' Makerere. Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2003, Kasujja yawasa Sara Shalita, muwala w'omugenzi Ernest Munyambabazi Shalita eyali bishop w'Abakrisitaayo mu Muhabura.[4] Kasujja mukwano gwa Muhoozi Kainerugaba, era y'enyigira mu kujaguza amazaalibwa ge ag'emyaka 48. [[Category:Bannamawulire mu Uganda]] 4qpcy1ihk6b4ol44sq37pq0g9m7uz59 59294 59292 2026-07-06T12:35:12Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Ntaddemu wiki link 59294 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Alan Kasujja''' (b. ca. 1978) [[Munnayuganda]] era munnamawulire omuweereza ku leediyo eyakolera ku BBC News okumala emyaka 13, n'avaayo mu Gwomunaana 2025. Kasujja yali omu ku baweereza ba ''Newsday'' abakulu era ne pulogulaamu kati eyayimirizibwa ey'Africa Daily ku mukutu gwa BBC World Service. Mu kiseera kino y’akulira ekitongole kya Uganda Media Centre, ekifo ng'omukozi wa gavumenti kyafuniddemu okumwemulugunyako. == Omulimu == Kasujja omulimu gw’amawulire yagutandika mu myaka gya 1990, ku Sanyu Fm. Akoze ku ttivvi ne leediyo za Uganda. Emabegako yakolako pulogulaamu y'okumakya ‘The Big Breakfast’ ku leediyo ya [[91.3 Capital FM]] ng’ali ne Jackie Lumbasi ne Ramesh Gabalsing, era abadde ayanjula pulogulaamu y’omuzannyo ''Who wants to be a Millionaire?'' okuva mu 2011. Era yakubiriza pulogulaamu ya ''The Fourth Estate'', ey’emboozi y’ebyobufuzi mu Uganda. Kasujja abadde abeera London okuva mu mwaka gwa 2012, nga y’omu ku baweereza ba Newsday ab'olulango. Nga 15 Ogwoluberyeberye 2016, Kasujja yali omu ku baakubiriza okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku bwapulezidenti okwasooka ku ttivvi mu Uganda, ng’ali wamu ne munnamawulire wa KTN [[Nancy Kacungira]].<ref><nowiki>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Kacungira</nowiki></ref> == Obulamu ku bubwe == Alan Kasujja yamala emyaka kkumi n'ebiri egyasooka mu bulamu bwe mu Kenya, gye yali addukidde okusobola okuwona obwannakyemalira bwa Idi Amin.[3] Yaddayo okubeera mu Uganda nga wa myaka kkumi n'ebiri, era oluvannyuma n'asoma amateeka ku Yunivasite y' e [[Makerere University, Uganda|Makerere]]. Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2003, Kasujja yawasa Sara Shalita, muwala w'omugenzi Ernest Munyambabazi Shalita eyali bishop w'Abakrisitaayo mu Muhabura.[4] Kasujja mukwano gwa Muhoozi Kainerugaba, era y'enyigira mu kujaguza amazaalibwa ge ag'emyaka 48. [[Category:Bannamawulire mu Uganda]] m3wg02eskjkzqkz7xcau812ad68140g 59295 59294 2026-07-06T12:38:43Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Ntaddemu ebijulizo 59295 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Alan Kasujja''' (b. ca. 1978) [[Munnayuganda]] era munnamawulire omuweereza ku leediyo eyakolera ku BBC News okumala emyaka 13, n'avaayo mu Gwomunaana 2025.<ref>Wekesa, Annah Nanjala (25 August 2025). [https://thekenyatimes.com/latest-kenya-times-news/veteran-ugandan-journalist-leaves-bbc-after-13-years/ "Veteran Ugandan Journalist Leaves BBC After 13 Years"]. ''The Kenya Times''. Retrieved 16 March 2026.</ref> Kasujja yali omu ku baweereza ba ''Newsday'' abakulu era ne pulogulaamu kati eyayimirizibwa ey'Africa Daily ku mukutu gwa BBC World Service. Mu kiseera kino y’akulira ekitongole kya Uganda Media Centre, ekifo ng'omukozi wa gavumenti kyafuniddemu okumwemulugunyako.<ref>Uganda, Oj (9 February 2026). [https://ojuganda.com/2026/02/09/kasujja-calls-sunday-monitor-article-criticising-move-from-bbc-to-uganda-media-centre-nonsense/ "Kasujja calls Sunday Monitor article criticising move from BBC to Uganda Media Centre 'nonsense'"]. ''Oj-Uganda''. Retrieved 16 March 2026.</ref> == Omulimu == Kasujja omulimu gw’amawulire yagutandika mu myaka gya 1990, ku Sanyu Fm. Akoze ku ttivvi ne leediyo za Uganda. Emabegako yakolako pulogulaamu y'okumakya ‘The Big Breakfast’ ku leediyo ya [[91.3 Capital FM]] ng’ali ne Jackie Lumbasi ne Ramesh Gabalsing, era abadde ayanjula pulogulaamu y’omuzannyo ''Who wants to be a Millionaire?'' okuva mu 2011. Era yakubiriza pulogulaamu ya ''The Fourth Estate'', ey’emboozi y’ebyobufuzi mu Uganda. Kasujja abadde abeera London okuva mu mwaka gwa 2012, nga y’omu ku baweereza ba Newsday ab'olulango. Nga 15 Ogwoluberyeberye 2016, Kasujja yali omu ku baakubiriza okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku bwapulezidenti okwasooka ku ttivvi mu Uganda, ng’ali wamu ne munnamawulire wa KTN [[Nancy Kacungira]].<ref>Okuda, Ivan. [http://allafrica.com/stories/201601160363.html "Uganda: Presidential Candidates Hold First Live TV Debate As Museveni Stays Away"]. ''All Africa''. Retrieved 24 February 2016.</ref> == Obulamu ku bubwe == Alan Kasujja yamala emyaka kkumi n'ebiri egyasooka mu bulamu bwe mu Kenya, gye yali addukidde okusobola okuwona obwannakyemalira bwa Idi Amin.[3] Yaddayo okubeera mu Uganda nga wa myaka kkumi n'ebiri, era oluvannyuma n'asoma amateeka ku Yunivasite y' e [[Makerere University, Uganda|Makerere]]. Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2003, Kasujja yawasa Sara Shalita, muwala w'omugenzi Ernest Munyambabazi Shalita eyali bishop w'Abakrisitaayo mu Muhabura.[4] Kasujja mukwano gwa Muhoozi Kainerugaba, era y'enyigira mu kujaguza amazaalibwa ge ag'emyaka 48. [[Category:Bannamawulire mu Uganda]] a52evjnnah3jwt135mi19yxvykfw3qc 59298 59295 2026-07-06T12:42:30Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Ntaddemu ebijulizo 59298 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Alan Kasujja''' (b. ca. 1978) [[Munnayuganda]] era munnamawulire omuweereza ku leediyo eyakolera ku BBC News okumala emyaka 13, n'avaayo mu Gwomunaana 2025.<ref>Wekesa, Annah Nanjala (25 August 2025). [https://thekenyatimes.com/latest-kenya-times-news/veteran-ugandan-journalist-leaves-bbc-after-13-years/ "Veteran Ugandan Journalist Leaves BBC After 13 Years"]. ''The Kenya Times''. Retrieved 16 March 2026.</ref> Kasujja yali omu ku baweereza ba ''Newsday'' abakulu era ne pulogulaamu kati eyayimirizibwa ey'Africa Daily ku mukutu gwa BBC World Service. Mu kiseera kino y’akulira ekitongole kya Uganda Media Centre, ekifo ng'omukozi wa gavumenti kyafuniddemu okumwemulugunyako.<ref>Uganda, Oj (9 February 2026). [https://ojuganda.com/2026/02/09/kasujja-calls-sunday-monitor-article-criticising-move-from-bbc-to-uganda-media-centre-nonsense/ "Kasujja calls Sunday Monitor article criticising move from BBC to Uganda Media Centre 'nonsense'"]. ''Oj-Uganda''. Retrieved 16 March 2026.</ref> == Omulimu == Kasujja omulimu gw’amawulire yagutandika mu myaka gya 1990, ku Sanyu Fm. Akoze ku ttivvi ne leediyo za Uganda. Emabegako yakolako pulogulaamu y'okumakya ‘The Big Breakfast’ ku leediyo ya [[91.3 Capital FM]] ng’ali ne Jackie Lumbasi ne Ramesh Gabalsing, era abadde ayanjula pulogulaamu y’omuzannyo ''Who wants to be a Millionaire?'' okuva mu 2011. Era yakubiriza pulogulaamu ya ''The Fourth Estate'', ey’emboozi y’ebyobufuzi mu Uganda. Kasujja abadde abeera London okuva mu mwaka gwa 2012, nga y’omu ku baweereza ba Newsday ab'olulango. Nga 15 Ogwoluberyeberye 2016, Kasujja yali omu ku baakubiriza okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku bwapulezidenti okwasooka ku ttivvi mu Uganda, ng’ali wamu ne munnamawulire wa KTN [[Nancy Kacungira]].<ref>Okuda, Ivan. [http://allafrica.com/stories/201601160363.html "Uganda: Presidential Candidates Hold First Live TV Debate As Museveni Stays Away"]. ''All Africa''. Retrieved 24 February 2016.</ref> == Obulamu ku bubwe == Alan Kasujja yamala emyaka kkumi n'ebiri egyasooka mu bulamu bwe mu Kenya, gye yali addukidde okusobola okuwona obwannakyemalira bwa [[Idi Amin]].<ref>Kasujja, Alan (10 February 2015). [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-31150815 "My Africa: The competing visions of Africa's future"]. BBC News. Retrieved 24 February 2016.</ref> Yaddayo okubeera mu Uganda nga wa myaka kkumi n'ebiri, era oluvannyuma n'asoma amateeka ku Yunivasite y' e [[Makerere University, Uganda|Makerere]]. Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2003, Kasujja yawasa Sara Shalita, muwala w'omugenzi Ernest Munyambabazi Shalita eyali bishop w'Abakrisitaayo mu Muhabura.<ref>[http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1255120/wedding-bells#sthash.Cz0uqr3u.dpuf "Wedding Bells"]. ''New Vision Uganda''. Retrieved 24 February 2016.</ref> Kasujja mukwano gwa Muhoozi Kainerugaba, era y'enyigira mu kujaguza amazaalibwa ge ag'emyaka 48.<ref>[https://www.theafricareport.com/196320/uganda-happy-birthday-mr-almost-president-muhoozi/ "Muhoozi project"]. ''Africa Report''. 21 April 2022.</ref> [[Category:Bannamawulire mu Uganda]] em5z3y1g5mw6dquqvrtax7nqrmg85oj 59299 59298 2026-07-06T12:43:31Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Ntaddemu omutwe 59299 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Alan Kasujja''' (b. ca. 1978) [[Munnayuganda]] era munnamawulire omuweereza ku leediyo eyakolera ku BBC News okumala emyaka 13, n'avaayo mu Gwomunaana 2025.<ref>Wekesa, Annah Nanjala (25 August 2025). [https://thekenyatimes.com/latest-kenya-times-news/veteran-ugandan-journalist-leaves-bbc-after-13-years/ "Veteran Ugandan Journalist Leaves BBC After 13 Years"]. ''The Kenya Times''. Retrieved 16 March 2026.</ref> Kasujja yali omu ku baweereza ba ''Newsday'' abakulu era ne pulogulaamu kati eyayimirizibwa ey'Africa Daily ku mukutu gwa BBC World Service. Mu kiseera kino y’akulira ekitongole kya Uganda Media Centre, ekifo ng'omukozi wa gavumenti kyafuniddemu okumwemulugunyako.<ref>Uganda, Oj (9 February 2026). [https://ojuganda.com/2026/02/09/kasujja-calls-sunday-monitor-article-criticising-move-from-bbc-to-uganda-media-centre-nonsense/ "Kasujja calls Sunday Monitor article criticising move from BBC to Uganda Media Centre 'nonsense'"]. ''Oj-Uganda''. Retrieved 16 March 2026.</ref> == Omulimu == Kasujja omulimu gw’amawulire yagutandika mu myaka gya 1990, ku Sanyu Fm. Akoze ku ttivvi ne leediyo za Uganda. Emabegako yakolako pulogulaamu y'okumakya ‘The Big Breakfast’ ku leediyo ya [[91.3 Capital FM]] ng’ali ne Jackie Lumbasi ne Ramesh Gabalsing, era abadde ayanjula pulogulaamu y’omuzannyo ''Who wants to be a Millionaire?'' okuva mu 2011. Era yakubiriza pulogulaamu ya ''The Fourth Estate'', ey’emboozi y’ebyobufuzi mu Uganda. Kasujja abadde abeera London okuva mu mwaka gwa 2012, nga y’omu ku baweereza ba Newsday ab'olulango. Nga 15 Ogwoluberyeberye 2016, Kasujja yali omu ku baakubiriza okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku bwapulezidenti okwasooka ku ttivvi mu Uganda, ng’ali wamu ne munnamawulire wa KTN [[Nancy Kacungira]].<ref>Okuda, Ivan. [http://allafrica.com/stories/201601160363.html "Uganda: Presidential Candidates Hold First Live TV Debate As Museveni Stays Away"]. ''All Africa''. Retrieved 24 February 2016.</ref> == Obulamu ku bubwe == Alan Kasujja yamala emyaka kkumi n'ebiri egyasooka mu bulamu bwe mu Kenya, gye yali addukidde okusobola okuwona obwannakyemalira bwa [[Idi Amin]].<ref>Kasujja, Alan (10 February 2015). [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-31150815 "My Africa: The competing visions of Africa's future"]. BBC News. Retrieved 24 February 2016.</ref> Yaddayo okubeera mu Uganda nga wa myaka kkumi n'ebiri, era oluvannyuma n'asoma amateeka ku Yunivasite y' e [[Makerere University, Uganda|Makerere]]. Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2003, Kasujja yawasa Sara Shalita, muwala w'omugenzi Ernest Munyambabazi Shalita eyali bishop w'Abakrisitaayo mu Muhabura.<ref>[http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1255120/wedding-bells#sthash.Cz0uqr3u.dpuf "Wedding Bells"]. ''New Vision Uganda''. Retrieved 24 February 2016.</ref> Kasujja mukwano gwa Muhoozi Kainerugaba, era y'enyigira mu kujaguza amazaalibwa ge ag'emyaka 48.<ref>[https://www.theafricareport.com/196320/uganda-happy-birthday-mr-almost-president-muhoozi/ "Muhoozi project"]. ''Africa Report''. 21 April 2022.</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Bannamawulire mu Uganda]] en19p0gf9yusgiplxvxvfc6k013miac 59300 59299 2026-07-06T12:46:21Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Ntaddemu amatuluba 59300 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Alan Kasujja''' (b. ca. 1978) [[Munnayuganda]] era munnamawulire omuweereza ku leediyo eyakolera ku BBC News okumala emyaka 13, n'avaayo mu Gwomunaana 2025.<ref>Wekesa, Annah Nanjala (25 August 2025). [https://thekenyatimes.com/latest-kenya-times-news/veteran-ugandan-journalist-leaves-bbc-after-13-years/ "Veteran Ugandan Journalist Leaves BBC After 13 Years"]. ''The Kenya Times''. Retrieved 16 March 2026.</ref> Kasujja yali omu ku baweereza ba ''Newsday'' abakulu era ne pulogulaamu kati eyayimirizibwa ey'Africa Daily ku mukutu gwa BBC World Service. Mu kiseera kino y’akulira ekitongole kya Uganda Media Centre, ekifo ng'omukozi wa gavumenti kyafuniddemu okumwemulugunyako.<ref>Uganda, Oj (9 February 2026). [https://ojuganda.com/2026/02/09/kasujja-calls-sunday-monitor-article-criticising-move-from-bbc-to-uganda-media-centre-nonsense/ "Kasujja calls Sunday Monitor article criticising move from BBC to Uganda Media Centre 'nonsense'"]. ''Oj-Uganda''. Retrieved 16 March 2026.</ref> == Omulimu == Kasujja omulimu gw’amawulire yagutandika mu myaka gya 1990, ku Sanyu Fm. Akoze ku ttivvi ne leediyo za Uganda. Emabegako yakolako pulogulaamu y'okumakya ‘The Big Breakfast’ ku leediyo ya [[91.3 Capital FM]] ng’ali ne Jackie Lumbasi ne Ramesh Gabalsing, era abadde ayanjula pulogulaamu y’omuzannyo ''Who wants to be a Millionaire?'' okuva mu 2011. Era yakubiriza pulogulaamu ya ''The Fourth Estate'', ey’emboozi y’ebyobufuzi mu Uganda. Kasujja abadde abeera London okuva mu mwaka gwa 2012, nga y’omu ku baweereza ba Newsday ab'olulango. Nga 15 Ogwoluberyeberye 2016, Kasujja yali omu ku baakubiriza okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku bwapulezidenti okwasooka ku ttivvi mu Uganda, ng’ali wamu ne munnamawulire wa KTN [[Nancy Kacungira]].<ref>Okuda, Ivan. [http://allafrica.com/stories/201601160363.html "Uganda: Presidential Candidates Hold First Live TV Debate As Museveni Stays Away"]. ''All Africa''. Retrieved 24 February 2016.</ref> == Obulamu ku bubwe == Alan Kasujja yamala emyaka kkumi n'ebiri egyasooka mu bulamu bwe mu Kenya, gye yali addukidde okusobola okuwona obwannakyemalira bwa [[Idi Amin]].<ref>Kasujja, Alan (10 February 2015). [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-31150815 "My Africa: The competing visions of Africa's future"]. BBC News. Retrieved 24 February 2016.</ref> Yaddayo okubeera mu Uganda nga wa myaka kkumi n'ebiri, era oluvannyuma n'asoma amateeka ku Yunivasite y' e [[Makerere University, Uganda|Makerere]]. Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2003, Kasujja yawasa Sara Shalita, muwala w'omugenzi Ernest Munyambabazi Shalita eyali bishop w'Abakrisitaayo mu Muhabura.<ref>[http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1255120/wedding-bells#sthash.Cz0uqr3u.dpuf "Wedding Bells"]. ''New Vision Uganda''. Retrieved 24 February 2016.</ref> Kasujja mukwano gwa Muhoozi Kainerugaba, era y'enyigira mu kujaguza amazaalibwa ge ag'emyaka 48.<ref>[https://www.theafricareport.com/196320/uganda-happy-birthday-mr-almost-president-muhoozi/ "Muhoozi project"]. ''Africa Report''. 21 April 2022.</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Bannamawulire mu Uganda]] <references /> [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Bannamawulire era abasomi b'amawulire ku BBC]] [[Category:Abaweereza ba BBC World Service]] [[Category:Abaasomerako ku Makerere University]] [[Category:Abazaalwa mu 1978]] mri9ppadx6v8fwuwmtsk5mj6whdvwsh 59301 59300 2026-07-06T12:50:10Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Ntaddemu amatuluba 59301 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Alan Kasujja''' (b. ca. 1978) [[Munnayuganda]] era munnamawulire omuweereza ku leediyo eyakolera ku BBC News okumala emyaka 13, n'avaayo mu Gwomunaana 2025.<ref>Wekesa, Annah Nanjala (25 August 2025). [https://thekenyatimes.com/latest-kenya-times-news/veteran-ugandan-journalist-leaves-bbc-after-13-years/ "Veteran Ugandan Journalist Leaves BBC After 13 Years"]. ''The Kenya Times''. Retrieved 16 March 2026.</ref> Kasujja yali omu ku baweereza ba ''Newsday'' abakulu era ne pulogulaamu kati eyayimirizibwa ey'Africa Daily ku mukutu gwa BBC World Service. Mu kiseera kino y’akulira ekitongole kya Uganda Media Centre, ekifo ng'omukozi wa gavumenti kyafuniddemu okumwemulugunyako.<ref>Uganda, Oj (9 February 2026). [https://ojuganda.com/2026/02/09/kasujja-calls-sunday-monitor-article-criticising-move-from-bbc-to-uganda-media-centre-nonsense/ "Kasujja calls Sunday Monitor article criticising move from BBC to Uganda Media Centre 'nonsense'"]. ''Oj-Uganda''. Retrieved 16 March 2026.</ref> == Omulimu == Kasujja omulimu gw’amawulire yagutandika mu myaka gya 1990, ku Sanyu Fm. Akoze ku ttivvi ne leediyo za Uganda. Emabegako yakolako pulogulaamu y'okumakya ‘The Big Breakfast’ ku leediyo ya [[91.3 Capital FM]] ng’ali ne Jackie Lumbasi ne Ramesh Gabalsing, era abadde ayanjula pulogulaamu y’omuzannyo ''Who wants to be a Millionaire?'' okuva mu 2011. Era yakubiriza pulogulaamu ya ''The Fourth Estate'', ey’emboozi y’ebyobufuzi mu Uganda. Kasujja abadde abeera London okuva mu mwaka gwa 2012, nga y’omu ku baweereza ba Newsday ab'olulango. Nga 15 Ogwoluberyeberye 2016, Kasujja yali omu ku baakubiriza okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku bwapulezidenti okwasooka ku ttivvi mu Uganda, ng’ali wamu ne munnamawulire wa KTN [[Nancy Kacungira]].<ref>Okuda, Ivan. [http://allafrica.com/stories/201601160363.html "Uganda: Presidential Candidates Hold First Live TV Debate As Museveni Stays Away"]. ''All Africa''. Retrieved 24 February 2016.</ref> == Obulamu ku bubwe == Alan Kasujja yamala emyaka kkumi n'ebiri egyasooka mu bulamu bwe mu Kenya, gye yali addukidde okusobola okuwona obwannakyemalira bwa [[Idi Amin]].<ref>Kasujja, Alan (10 February 2015). [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-31150815 "My Africa: The competing visions of Africa's future"]. BBC News. Retrieved 24 February 2016.</ref> Yaddayo okubeera mu Uganda nga wa myaka kkumi n'ebiri, era oluvannyuma n'asoma amateeka ku Yunivasite y' e [[Makerere University, Uganda|Makerere]]. Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2003, Kasujja yawasa Sara Shalita, muwala w'omugenzi Ernest Munyambabazi Shalita eyali bishop w'Abakrisitaayo mu Muhabura.<ref>[http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1255120/wedding-bells#sthash.Cz0uqr3u.dpuf "Wedding Bells"]. ''New Vision Uganda''. Retrieved 24 February 2016.</ref> Kasujja mukwano gwa Muhoozi Kainerugaba, era y'enyigira mu kujaguza amazaalibwa ge ag'emyaka 48.<ref>[https://www.theafricareport.com/196320/uganda-happy-birthday-mr-almost-president-muhoozi/ "Muhoozi project"]. ''Africa Report''. 21 April 2022.</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Bannamawulire mu Uganda]] <references /> [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Bannamawulire era abasomi b'amawulire ku BBC]] [[Category:Abaweereza ba BBC World Service]] [[Category:Abaasomerako ku Makerere University]] [[Category:Abazaalwa mu 1978]] [[Category:Bannamawulire ba laadiyo Bannayuganda]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abaweereza ku laadiyo]] [[Category:Bannamawulire abasajja Abangereza]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abawandiisi b'ekyasa ky'abiri mu ekimu]] tdmca53y624qo7zz4uqzerhdrqz59g6 Bulasio Mukasa 0 12915 59330 54496 2026-07-06T14:18:17Z Musuuza 11013 ntereezezza ku mpandiika 59330 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambaali Bulasio Mukasa''' Munnayuganda, omusomi w'amawulire, era omukugu mu by'empuliziganya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 23, 2019 |title=Nbs poaches news anchor Mukasa Zambali from BBS |url=https://www.watchdoguganda.com/news/20190723/72959/nbs-poaches-news-anchor-mukasa-zambali-from-bbs.html}}</ref> <ref name="auto3">{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Sunrise |date=23 July 2019 |title=NBS poaches CBS/Terefayina's Zambaali – Sunrise |url=http://www.sunrise.ug/news/201907/nbs-poaches-cbs-terefayinas-zambaali.html}}</ref> <ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |date=January 8, 2021 |title=My grandmother taught me Luganda – Zambaali |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/my-grandmother-taught-me-luganda-zambaali-1858374 |website=Daily Monitor}}</ref> Musomi w'amawulire ag'Oluganda agayitibwa Amasengejje era akubiriza pulogulaamu ya Barometer Akasameeme, pulogulaamu omukubaganyizibwa ebirowoozo ku by'obufuzi mu Luganda ku terefayina eya [[NBS Television (Uganda)|NBS mu Uganda]] . <ref name="auto4">{{Cite web |date=23 July 2019 |title=NBS TV Poaches Zambaali Blasio Mukasa from BBS Terefayina |url=https://www.spyuganda.com/nbs-tv-fish-zambaali-blasio-mukasa-from-bbs-terefayina/}}</ref> <ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |date=July 23, 2019 |title=NBS strikes again, poaches BBS TV Anchor |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2019/07/nbs-strikes-again-poaches-bbs-tv-anchor.html}}</ref> Yalondebwa okuba omubaka wa Paalamenti mu Munisipaali y’e Nansana mu Disitulikiti y’e Wakiso mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey’ekkuminebbiri wansi w’ekibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya National Unity Platform. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |date=2026-01-19 |title=List: NUP MPs who Made It to Twelfth Parliament |url=https://dailystar.co.ug/list-nup-mps-who-made-it-to-twelfth-parliament/ |access-date=2026-01-22 |website=Daily Star |language=en-US}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe n'okusoma kwe == Zambaali yazaalibwa omugenzi John Wilson Segawole ne Florence Sarah Nakalembe Namusisi. Yakula ne jjajjaawe Asinansi Nasimbwa e Mugomola mu Semuto. Yatuula ebigezo bye ebyakamalirizo ku ddaala erya pulayimale mu ssomero lya Kijaguzo Primary School. Mu mwaka gwa 2002, yamaliriza [[:en:O_level|omutendera gwa siniya ey'okuna]] mu ssomero lya St. Denis Sebugwawo Kijaguzo Secondary School era n’amaliriza [[:en:A_level|ebigezo ebya siniya ey'omukaaga]] mu Kazo Hill College School Kampala mu 2004. Yasoma diguli esooka mu by’obulambuzi okuva mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]] kyokka n’atagimaliriza (2005–2007). Yatikkirwa dipilooma mu by'amawulire n'empuliziganya mu mwaka gwa 2011 okuva ku UMCAT School of Journalism and Mass Communication. <ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |date=July 23, 2019 |title=NBS strikes again, poaches BBS TV Anchor |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2019/07/nbs-strikes-again-poaches-bbs-tv-anchor.html}}</ref> Era alina diguli esooka mu by’enkolagana n’abantu okuva mu Yunivasite y’e Ndejje. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Byemboijana |first=Muhamadi |date=29 July 2019 |title=Muyanga Lutaaya to replace Zambali at BBS Telefayina – Sunrise |url=http://www.sunrise.ug/gossip/201907/muyanga-lutaaya-to-replace-zambali-at-bbs-telefayina.html}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Okukakkalabya egy'amawulire yakutandikira ku laadiyo ya Tiger FM ng’[[:en:News_anchor|omusomi w’amawulire]] era omuweereza wa pulogulaamu okuva mu 2007 okutuuka mu 2008. Okuva olwo abadde mu buweereza ng’[[:en:News_anchor|omusomi w’amawulire]] era omuweereza wa pulogulaamu ku leediyo ez’enjawulo okuli Metro FM 90.8 gyeyali okuva mu 2008 okutuuka mu 2011, Beat FM ne Capital FM gyeyali wakati wa 2011 ne 2012. Zambaali yeegatta ku laadiyo ya CBS eya 88.8 ne CBS emmanduso eya 89.2 nga omuweereza wa pulogulaamu, omukubiriza wa pulogulaamu ezikubaganya ebirowoozo era ng'[[:en:News_anchor|omusomi w'amawulire.]] Yakola pulogulaamu nga Ag'okumpi n'ewala, tumutendereze n'ebifa munsi n'obwengula mu 2012 okutuuka 2020. <ref name="auto6">{{Cite web |date=14 September 2021 |title=ZAMBAALI BULASIO MUKASA _ When time comes, I will speak the truth why I left CBS FM #Extradigestshow |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z3SBVQX1m3U |via=www.youtube.com}}</ref> <ref name="auto8">{{Cite web |last=Uganda |first=Flash |date=December 1, 2019 |title=Zambaali Bulasio Mukasa: Biography, Education and Life of a Ugandan Male TV/Radio Personality |url=https://flashugnews.com/zambaali-bulasio-mukasa-biography-education-and-life-of-a-ugandan-male-tv-radio-personality/ |website=Flash Uganda Media}}</ref> Wakati wa 2016 n'omwezi Gwomusanvu 2019, <ref>{{Cite web |title=NBS TV Snatches BBS TV's Zambali Bulasio Luganda News Caster |url=https://blizz.co.ug/277/NBS-TV-Snatches-BBS-TVs-Zambali-Bulasio-Luganda-News-Caster |website=blizz.co.ug}}</ref> Zambaali yali akola ng'[[:en:News_anchor|omusomi w'amawulire]] era omukubiriza wa pulogulaamu z'ebyobufuzi ku [[:en:BBS_Terefayina|BBS Terefayina]] . <ref name="auto5">{{Cite web |title=Meet Zambaali Bulasio Mukasa's Family, Amazing Facts You Didn't Know About the Deep Voiced Caster |url=https://blizz.co.ug/5355/Meet-Zambaali-Bulasio-Mukasas-Family-Amazing-Facts-You-Didnt-Know-About-the-Deep-Voiced-Caster |website=blizz.co.ug}}</ref> Zambaali yeegatta ku [[:en:NBS_Television_(Uganda)|NBS Terefayina]] mu mwezi ogw'omunaana omwaka gwa 2019 ng’omusomi w’amawulire Amasengejje. <ref name="auto5">{{Cite web |title=Meet Zambaali Bulasio Mukasa's Family, Amazing Facts You Didn't Know About the Deep Voiced Caster |url=https://blizz.co.ug/5355/Meet-Zambaali-Bulasio-Mukasas-Family-Amazing-Facts-You-Didnt-Know-About-the-Deep-Voiced-Caster |website=blizz.co.ug}}</ref> era ng'omukubiriza wa Barometer Akaasameeme pulogulaamu y'ebyobufuzi ey'Oluganda eragibwa buli Lwakubiri ku ssaawa nnya ez'ekiro. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=July 23, 2019 |title=NBS TV Unveils News Anchor Zambaali Bulasio Mukasa » Business Focus |url=https://businessfocus.co.ug/nbs-tv-unveils-news-anchor-zambaali-bulasio-mukasa/}}</ref> <ref name="auto7">{{Cite web |date=July 24, 2019 |title=NBS TV Snatches Another Media Personality From BBS TV |url=https://newslexpoint.com/nbs-tv-snatches-media-personality/ |website=Newslex Point}}</ref> == Ebirala ebikulu == Wakati w'omwaka gwa 2005 ne 2010, Zambaali yaweereza ng’omusomesa wa banne mu Kiyita Alliance for Development, Nabweru Orphan Support Project, Makerere Women Development Association era nga Ssentebe wa Nabweru Youth Health Club, era nga omuwandiisi wa Nansana Youth Parish. <ref name="auto7">{{Cite web |date=July 24, 2019 |title=NBS TV Snatches Another Media Personality From BBS TV |url=https://newslexpoint.com/nbs-tv-snatches-media-personality/ |website=Newslex Point}}</ref> <ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |date=July 23, 2019 |title=NBS strikes again, poaches BBS TV Anchor |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2019/07/nbs-strikes-again-poaches-bbs-tv-anchor.html}}</ref> Okuva mu mwaka gwa 2020, Zambaali akola nga Pulezidenti w’ekibiina ekigatta bannamawulire mu kkanisa ya Uganda <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 8, 2013 |title=CBS news caster Zambali rumored to join NTV |url=https://bigeye.ug/cbs-news-caster-zambali-rumored-to-join-ntv/}}</ref> era ye dayirekita wa Zabama Investment Limited kampuni eteekateeka embaga. <ref name="auto6">{{Cite web |date=14 September 2021 |title=ZAMBAALI BULASIO MUKASA _ When time comes, I will speak the truth why I left CBS FM #Extradigestshow |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z3SBVQX1m3U |via=www.youtube.com}}</ref> == Ebimukwatako ebyomunda == Zambaali mufumbo era alina abaana basatu. <ref name="auto8">{{Cite web |last=Uganda |first=Flash |date=December 1, 2019 |title=Zambaali Bulasio Mukasa: Biography, Education and Life of a Ugandan Male TV/Radio Personality |url=https://flashugnews.com/zambaali-bulasio-mukasa-biography-education-and-life-of-a-ugandan-male-tv-radio-personality/ |website=Flash Uganda Media}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 2018 ne 2019, yaweebwa engule ya Dan Kyazze ey’omuweereza w’amawulire ku leediyo y’Oluganda asinga. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 November 2015 |title=Media Challenge Awards Winners 2015 |url=https://bigeye.ug/media-challenge-awards-winners-2015/}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwamu == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwamu wabweru wa wikipidiya == {{DEFAULTSORT:Bulasio Mukasa, Zambaali}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] ii5i71c398mxfnvx2nqhv5rw2nuo0iw 59335 59330 2026-07-06T14:53:35Z Musuuza 11013 ntereezezza ku mpandiika mpozzi n'okuteekamu obutindo 59335 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambaali Bulasio Mukasa''' Munnayuganda, [[omusomi w'amawulire]], era omukugu mu by'empuliziganya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 23, 2019 |title=Nbs poaches news anchor Mukasa Zambali from BBS |url=https://www.watchdoguganda.com/news/20190723/72959/nbs-poaches-news-anchor-mukasa-zambali-from-bbs.html}}</ref> <ref name="auto3">{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Sunrise |date=23 July 2019 |title=NBS poaches CBS/Terefayina's Zambaali – Sunrise |url=http://www.sunrise.ug/news/201907/nbs-poaches-cbs-terefayinas-zambaali.html}}</ref> <ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |date=January 8, 2021 |title=My grandmother taught me Luganda – Zambaali |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/my-grandmother-taught-me-luganda-zambaali-1858374 |website=Daily Monitor}}</ref> Musomi w'amawulire ag'Oluganda agayitibwa Amasengejje era akubiriza pulogulaamu ya Barometer Akasameeme, pulogulaamu omukubaganyizibwa ebirowoozo ku by'obufuzi mu Luganda ku terefayina eya [[NBS Television (Uganda)|NBS mu Uganda]] . <ref name="auto4">{{Cite web |date=23 July 2019 |title=NBS TV Poaches Zambaali Blasio Mukasa from BBS Terefayina |url=https://www.spyuganda.com/nbs-tv-fish-zambaali-blasio-mukasa-from-bbs-terefayina/}}</ref> <ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |date=July 23, 2019 |title=NBS strikes again, poaches BBS TV Anchor |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2019/07/nbs-strikes-again-poaches-bbs-tv-anchor.html}}</ref> Yalondebwa okuba omubaka wa Paalamenti mu Munisipaali y’e Nansana mu Disitulikiti y’e Wakiso mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey’ekkuminebbiri wansi w’ekibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya National Unity Platform. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |date=2026-01-19 |title=List: NUP MPs who Made It to Twelfth Parliament |url=https://dailystar.co.ug/list-nup-mps-who-made-it-to-twelfth-parliament/ |access-date=2026-01-22 |website=Daily Star |language=en-US}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe n'okusoma kwe == Zambaali yazaalibwa omugenzi John Wilson Segawole ne Florence Sarah Nakalembe Namusisi. Yakula ne jjajjaawe Asinansi Nasimbwa e Mugomola mu Semuto. Yatuula ebigezo bye ebyakamalirizo ku ddaala erya pulayimale mu ssomero lya Kijaguzo Primary School. Mu mwaka gwa 2002, yamaliriza [[omutendera gwa siniya ey'okuna]] mu ssomero lya St. Denis Sebugwawo Kijaguzo Secondary School era n’amaliriza [[ebigezo ebya siniya ey'omukaaga]] mu Kazo Hill College School Kampala mu 2004. Yasoma diguli esooka mu by’obulambuzi okuva mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]] kyokka n’atagimaliriza (2005–2007). Yatikkirwa dipilooma mu by'amawulire n'empuliziganya mu mwaka gwa 2011 okuva ku UMCAT School of Journalism and Mass Communication. <ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |date=July 23, 2019 |title=NBS strikes again, poaches BBS TV Anchor |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2019/07/nbs-strikes-again-poaches-bbs-tv-anchor.html}}</ref> Era alina diguli esooka mu by’enkolagana n’abantu okuva mu Yunivasite y’e Ndejje. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Byemboijana |first=Muhamadi |date=29 July 2019 |title=Muyanga Lutaaya to replace Zambali at BBS Telefayina – Sunrise |url=http://www.sunrise.ug/gossip/201907/muyanga-lutaaya-to-replace-zambali-at-bbs-telefayina.html}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Yatandika omulimu gwe ogw'obusasi bw'amawulire ku Tiger FM ng'[[omusomi w'amawulire]] era omwanjuzi wa pulogulaamu okuva mu 2007 okutuuka mu 2008. Okuva olwo, yaweereza ng'omusomi w'amawulire era omwanjuzi wa pulogulaamu ku mikutu gy'amawulire egy'enjawulo, omuli Metro FM 90.8 (2008–2011), ne Beat FM ne Capital FM (2011–2012), gye yakolera ng'[[omusomi w'amawulire]] era [[omuweereza w'amawulire]]. <ref name="auto6">{{Cite web |date=14 September 2021 |title=ZAMBAALI BULASIO MUKASA _ When time comes, I will speak the truth why I left CBS FM #Extradigestshow |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z3SBVQX1m3U |via=www.youtube.com}}</ref> <ref name="auto8">{{Cite web |last=Uganda |first=Flash |date=December 1, 2019 |title=Zambaali Bulasio Mukasa: Biography, Education and Life of a Ugandan Male TV/Radio Personality |url=https://flashugnews.com/zambaali-bulasio-mukasa-biography-education-and-life-of-a-ugandan-male-tv-radio-personality/ |website=Flash Uganda Media}}</ref> Mu Gwomunaana 2012, yegatta ku leediyo za CBS FM Buganda 88.8 ne CBS FM Emmanduso 89.2 ng’omwanjula wa pulogulaamu, omuduumizi w’emboozi z’oku mpewo era [[omusomi w’amawulire]] mu pulogulaamu nga Ag’Okumpi Newala, Tumutendereze, ne Ebifa mu Nsi n’Obwengula (2012–2020). <ref>{{Cite web |title=NBS TV Snatches BBS TV's Zambali Bulasio Luganda News Caster |url=https://blizz.co.ug/277/NBS-TV-Snatches-BBS-TVs-Zambali-Bulasio-Luganda-News-Caster |website=blizz.co.ug}}</ref> Wakati wa 2016 ne mu Gwomusanvu 2019, Zambaali yaweereza ng'[[omusomi w'amawulire]] era omuduumizi wa pulogulaamu ez'ebyobufuzi ku [[BBS Terefayina]]. <ref name="auto5">{{Cite web |title=Meet Zambaali Bulasio Mukasa's Family, Amazing Facts You Didn't Know About the Deep Voiced Caster |url=https://blizz.co.ug/5355/Meet-Zambaali-Bulasio-Mukasas-Family-Amazing-Facts-You-Didnt-Know-About-the-Deep-Voiced-Caster |website=blizz.co.ug}}</ref> Zambaali yeegatta ku [[NBS Terefayina (Uganda)]] mu mwezi ogw'omunaana omwaka gwa 2019 ng’omusomi w’amawulire Amasengejje. <ref name="auto5">{{Cite web |title=Meet Zambaali Bulasio Mukasa's Family, Amazing Facts You Didn't Know About the Deep Voiced Caster |url=https://blizz.co.ug/5355/Meet-Zambaali-Bulasio-Mukasas-Family-Amazing-Facts-You-Didnt-Know-About-the-Deep-Voiced-Caster |website=blizz.co.ug}}</ref> era ng'omukubiriza wa pulogulaamu y'emboozi ''Barometer – Akaasameeme'', pulogulaamu ey'ensonga z'eggwanga mu Luganda, ewerezebwa buli Lwakubiri ku ssaawa 4:00 ez'ekiro (22:00 EAT) ku [[NBS Television (Uganda)|NBS Television]]. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=July 23, 2019 |title=NBS TV Unveils News Anchor Zambaali Bulasio Mukasa » Business Focus |url=https://businessfocus.co.ug/nbs-tv-unveils-news-anchor-zambaali-bulasio-mukasa/}}</ref> <ref name="auto7">{{Cite web |date=July 24, 2019 |title=NBS TV Snatches Another Media Personality From BBS TV |url=https://newslexpoint.com/nbs-tv-snatches-media-personality/ |website=Newslex Point}}</ref> == Ebirala ebikulu == Wakati w'omwaka gwa 2005 ne 2010, Zambaali yaweereza ng’omusomesa wa banne mu Kiyita Alliance for Development, Nabweru Orphan Support Project, Makerere Women Development Association era nga Ssentebe wa Nabweru Youth Health Club, era nga omuwandiisi wa Nansana Youth Parish. <ref name="auto7">{{Cite web |date=July 24, 2019 |title=NBS TV Snatches Another Media Personality From BBS TV |url=https://newslexpoint.com/nbs-tv-snatches-media-personality/ |website=Newslex Point}}</ref> <ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |date=July 23, 2019 |title=NBS strikes again, poaches BBS TV Anchor |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2019/07/nbs-strikes-again-poaches-bbs-tv-anchor.html}}</ref> Okuva mu mwaka gwa 2020, Zambaali akola nga Pulezidenti w’ekibiina ekigatta bannamawulire mu kkanisa ya Uganda <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 8, 2013 |title=CBS news caster Zambali rumored to join NTV |url=https://bigeye.ug/cbs-news-caster-zambali-rumored-to-join-ntv/}}</ref> era ye dayirekita wa Zabama Investment Limited kampuni eteekateeka embaga. <ref name="auto6">{{Cite web |date=14 September 2021 |title=ZAMBAALI BULASIO MUKASA _ When time comes, I will speak the truth why I left CBS FM #Extradigestshow |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z3SBVQX1m3U |via=www.youtube.com}}</ref> == Ebimukwatako ebyomunda == Zambaali mufumbo era alina abaana basatu. <ref name="auto8">{{Cite web |last=Uganda |first=Flash |date=December 1, 2019 |title=Zambaali Bulasio Mukasa: Biography, Education and Life of a Ugandan Male TV/Radio Personality |url=https://flashugnews.com/zambaali-bulasio-mukasa-biography-education-and-life-of-a-ugandan-male-tv-radio-personality/ |website=Flash Uganda Media}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 2018 ne 2019, yaweebwa engule ya Dan Kyazze ey’omuweereza w’amawulire ku leediyo y’Oluganda asinga. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 November 2015 |title=Media Challenge Awards Winners 2015 |url=https://bigeye.ug/media-challenge-awards-winners-2015/}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwamu == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwamu wabweru wa wikipidiya == {{DEFAULTSORT:Bulasio Mukasa, Zambaali}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] epqxijf4bkzylp6wmtgavts44unasbi 59399 59335 2026-07-06T20:14:57Z Musuuza 11013 ngasseeko ebijuliziddwa 59399 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambaali Bulasio Mukasa''' Munnayuganda, [[omusomi w'amawulire]], era omukugu mu by'empuliziganya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.watchdoguganda.com/news/20190723/72959/nbs-poaches-news-anchor-mukasa-zambali-from-bbs.html|title=Nbs poaches news anchor Mukasa Zambali from BBS|date=July 23, 2019}}</ref><ref name="auto3">{{Cite web|url=http://www.sunrise.ug/news/201907/nbs-poaches-cbs-terefayinas-zambaali.html|title=NBS poaches CBS/Terefayina's Zambaali – Sunrise|first=Sunrise|last=Reporter|date=23 July 2019}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/my-grandmother-taught-me-luganda-zambaali-1858374|title=My grandmother taught me Luganda – Zambaali|date=January 8, 2021|website=Daily Monitor}}</ref>Musomi w'amawulire ag'Oluganda agayitibwa Amasengejje era akubiriza pulogulaamu ya Barometer Akasameeme, pulogulaamu omukubaganyizibwa ebirowoozo ku by'obufuzi mu Luganda ku terefayina eya [[NBS Television (Uganda)]] <ref name="auto42">{{Cite web|url=https://www.spyuganda.com/nbs-tv-fish-zambaali-blasio-mukasa-from-bbs-terefayina/|title=NBS TV Poaches Zambaali Blasio Mukasa from BBS Terefayina|date=23 July 2019}}</ref><ref name="auto22">{{Cite web|date=July 23, 2019 |title=NBS strikes again, poaches BBS TV Anchor |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2019/07/nbs-strikes-again-poaches-bbs-tv-anchor.html }}</ref> Yalondebwa okuba omubaka wa Paalamenti mu Munisipaali y’e Nansana mu Disitulikiti y’e Wakiso mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey’ekkuminebbiri wansi w’ekibiina ky’ebyobufuzi ekya National Unity Platform.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |date=2026-01-19 |title=List: NUP MPs who Made It to Twelfth Parliament |url=https://dailystar.co.ug/list-nup-mps-who-made-it-to-twelfth-parliament/ |access-date=2026-01-22 |website=Daily Star |language=en-US}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe n'okusoma kwe == Zambaali yazaalibwa omugenzi John Wilson Segawole ne Florence Sarah Nakalembe Namusisi. Yakula ne jjajjaawe Asinansi Nasimbwa e Mugomola mu Semuto.<ref name="auto1" /> Yatuula ebigezo bye ebyakamalirizo ku ddaala erya pulayimale mu ssomero lya Kijaguzo Primary School. Mu mwaka gwa 2002, yamaliriza [[omutendera gwa siniya ey'okuna]] mu ssomero lya St. Denis Sebugwawo Kijaguzo Secondary School era n’amaliriza [[ebigezo ebya siniya ey'omukaaga]] mu Kazo Hill College School Kampala mu 2004. Yasoma diguli esooka mu by’obulambuzi okuva mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]] kyokka n’atagimaliriza (2005–2007). Yatikkirwa dipilooma mu by'amawulire n'empuliziganya mu mwaka gwa 2011 okuva ku UMCAT School of Journalism and Mass Communication.<ref name="auto22" /> Era alina diguli esooka mu by’enkolagana n’abantu okuva mu Yunivasite y’e Ndejje.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Byemboijana |first=Muhamadi |date=29 July 2019 |title=Muyanga Lutaaya to replace Zambali at BBS Telefayina – Sunrise |url=http://www.sunrise.ug/gossip/201907/muyanga-lutaaya-to-replace-zambali-at-bbs-telefayina.html}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Yatandika omulimu gwe ogw'obusasi bw'amawulire ku Tiger FM ng'[[omusomi w'amawulire]] era omwanjuzi wa pulogulaamu okuva mu 2007 okutuuka mu 2008.<ref name="auto3" /> Okuva olwo, yaweereza ng'omusomi w'amawulire era omwanjuzi wa pulogulaamu ku mikutu gy'amawulire egy'enjawulo, omuli Metro FM 90.8 (2008–2011), ne Beat FM ne Capital FM (2011–2012), gye yakolera ng'[[omusomi w'amawulire]] era [[omuweereza w'amawulire]].<ref name="auto4">{{Cite web|url=https://businessfocus.co.ug/nbs-tv-unveils-news-anchor-zambaali-bulasio-mukasa/|title=NBS TV Unveils News Anchor Zambaali Bulasio Mukasa » Business Focus|date=July 23, 2019}}</ref> Mu Gwomunaana 2012, yegatta ku leediyo za CBS FM Buganda 88.8 ne CBS FM Emmanduso 89.2 ng’omwanjula wa pulogulaamu, omuduumizi w’emboozi z’oku mpewo era [[omusomi w’amawulire]] mu pulogulaamu nga Ag’Okumpi Newala, Tumutendereze, ne Ebifa mu Nsi n’Obwengula (2012–2020).<ref name="auto62">{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z3SBVQX1m3U|title=ZAMBAALI BULASIO MUKASA _ When time comes, I will speak the truth why I left CBS FM #Extradigestshow|date=14 September 2021|via=www.youtube.com}}</ref><ref name="auto82">{{Cite web|url=https://flashugnews.com/zambaali-bulasio-mukasa-biography-education-and-life-of-a-ugandan-male-tv-radio-personality/|title=Zambaali Bulasio Mukasa: Biography, Education and Life of a Ugandan Male TV/Radio Personality|first=Flash|last=Uganda|date=December 1, 2019|website=Flash Uganda Media}}</ref> Wakati wa 2016 ne mu Gwomusanvu 2019,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blizz.co.ug/277/NBS-TV-Snatches-BBS-TVs-Zambali-Bulasio-Luganda-News-Caster|title=NBS TV Snatches BBS TV's Zambali Bulasio Luganda News Caster|website=blizz.co.ug}}</ref> Zambaali yaweereza ng'[[omusomi w'amawulire]] era omuduumizi wa pulogulaamu ez'ebyobufuzi ku [[BBS Terefayina]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=News |first=Grapevine |date=July 25, 2019 |title=How Greedy Men Are Failing Kabaka Radio And TV: We Are Paid Peanuts And It Comes Late, The Bosses Are Running Away With Sacks – Zambali Departure From BBS TV To Nbs Exposes Rot At Bulange |url=https://www.thegrapevine.co.ug/how-greedy-men-are-failing-kabaka-radio-and-tv-we-are-paid-peanuts-and-it-comes-late-the-bosses-are-running-away-with-sacks-zambali-departure-from-bbs-tv-to-nbs-exposes-rot-at-bulange/ |website=Grapevine News}}</ref><ref name="auto52">{{Cite web |title=Meet Zambaali Bulasio Mukasa's Family, Amazing Facts You Didn't Know About the Deep Voiced Caster |url=https://blizz.co.ug/5355/Meet-Zambaali-Bulasio-Mukasas-Family-Amazing-Facts-You-Didnt-Know-About-the-Deep-Voiced-Caster |website=blizz.co.ug}}</ref> Zambaali yeegatta ku [[NBS Terefayina (Uganda)]] mu mwezi ogw'omunaana omwaka gwa 2019 ng’omusomi w’amawulire Amasengejje.<ref name="auto42" /><ref name="auto52" /> era ng'omukubiriza wa pulogulaamu y'emboozi ''Barometer – Akaasameeme'', pulogulaamu ey'ensonga z'eggwanga mu Luganda, ewerezebwa buli Lwakubiri ku ssaawa 4:00 ez'ekiro (22:00 EAT) ku [[NBS Television (Uganda)|NBS Television]].<ref name="auto4" /><ref name="auto72">{{Cite web |date=July 24, 2019 |title=NBS TV Snatches Another Media Personality From BBS TV |url=https://newslexpoint.com/nbs-tv-snatches-media-personality/ |website=Newslex Point}}</ref> == Ebirala ebikulu == Wakati w'omwaka gwa 2005 ne 2010, Zambaali yaweereza ng’omusomesa wa banne mu Kiyita Alliance for Development, Nabweru Orphan Support Project, Makerere Women Development Association era nga Ssentebe wa Nabweru Youth Health Club, era nga omuwandiisi wa Nansana Youth Parish.<ref name="auto72" /><ref name="auto22" /> Okuva mu mwaka gwa 2020, Zambaali akola nga Pulezidenti w’ekibiina ekigatta bannamawulire mu kkanisa ya Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 8, 2013 |title=CBS news caster Zambali rumored to join NTV |url=https://bigeye.ug/cbs-news-caster-zambali-rumored-to-join-ntv/}}</ref> Ye dayirekita wa Zabama Investment Limited kampuni eteekateeka embaga.<ref name="auto62" /> == Ebimukwatako ebyomunda == Zambaali mufumbo era alina abaana basatu.<ref name="auto1" /><ref name="auto82" /> Mu myaka gya 2018 ne 2019, yaweebwa engule ya Dan Kyazze ey’omuweereza w’amawulire ku leediyo y’Oluganda asinga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 November 2015 |title=Media Challenge Awards Winners 2015 |url=https://bigeye.ug/media-challenge-awards-winners-2015/}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwamu == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwamu wabweru wa wikipidiya == {{DEFAULTSORT:Bulasio Mukasa, Zambaali}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] 9rp9qiintbmrv16e6359pel9keajfi0 A Pass 0 13123 59318 59234 2026-07-06T13:51:36Z Ssebuufu 9882 /* Ekivvulu ekyasooka */ 59318 wikitext text/x-wiki [[category:1989 okuzaalibwa]] [[category:Abantu abalamu]] [[category:Abayimbi abasajja ba Uganda mu kyasa 21]] {{Databox}}  '''<big>Alexander Bagonza</big>''', asingakumanyibwa n'erinnya lye erya siteegi '''A Pass''' (era eyali '''APassKiller''' ), muyimbi era muwandiisi wa nnyimba Munnayuganda. Yazaalibwa e [[:lg:Uganda|Uganda]] mu Gwekkumineebiri 21, 1989.<ref name="chano8.com2">{{cite web|url=http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|title=All You Need To Know About Rising Star A Pass|work=Chano8 Digital Magazine|accessdate=26 March 2015|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402025154/http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A Pass agamba nti erinnya lye erya siteegi liva mu Alexander erinnya lye erisooka ate Pass liva mu linnya lye eppaatiike, Percy.<ref>satisfashionug. "A Pass talks music fashion women and being cool". ''SatisFashion Uganda''. Retrieved 26 March 2015.</ref><ref>"Llolypop Records - Events Organisers, Promoters and Marketing". Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2015.</ref> == Obuto bwe n’okusoma kwe == A Pass yazaalibwa mu Gwekkumineebiri 21, 1989 era mwana waakubiri mu maka ga baana musanvu. Yasomera ku Kampala Kindergarten ku kusoma kwe okwa nasale, Nakasero Primary School ku kusoma kwe okwa pulayimale ne Merryland High Schools, ne St Lawrence Creamland ku ssomero lya siniya.<ref name="chano8.com">{{cite web|url=http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|title=All You Need To Know About Rising Star A Pass|work=Chano8 Digital Magazine|accessdate=26 March 2015|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402025154/http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Emirimu gy’okuyimba == A Pass yatandika okuyimba ng’omuntu yenna owomukkanisa owa bulijjo maye ekitone kye yasinga kukikuliza ku ssomero. Oluvannyuma yagenda mu situdiyo mu mwaka gwa 2003 omulundi gwe ogwasooka mu situudiyo naye teyakwataayo luyimba, naye kyeyasobola okufuna kyokka gemaloboozi g'ebivuga. Oluvannyuma A Pass yakomawo mu situdiyo oluvannyuma lw’emyaka mitono bwe yasisinkana mukwano gwe ayitibwa Eddy eyamukubiriza okwongera okuyimba mu ngeri ey’ekikugu. A Pass yatondawo enkolagana ey’amaanyi mu by’okuyimba ne Dave Dash mu kiseera ekyo eyali amanyiddwa nga A Dash era ababiri baakola ennyimba ez'enjawulo nga bali bombi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Apass {{!}} West Nile xpozed |url=https://www.westnilebiz.com/artist/10/apass |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=westnilexpozed.com}}</ref> Mu 2011, yasisinkana dayirekita wa vidiyo [[:lg:Lukyamuzi_Bashir|Lukyamuzi Bashir]] eyalaba ekitone kye [[South Syde]] mu situdiyo gyebayimbira. Bashir yatandika okumutwala mu situdiyo ez’enjawulo okwetoloola eggwanga n’okumwanjula mu bantu ab’enjawulo ab’amaanyi mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. Mu mwaka gwa 2012, BADI yazimba situdiyo y’okukwata ennyimba e Makindye eyitibwa Badi Musik Production. BADI yagenda mu maaso n’okwata vidiyo za A Pass mu 2013, ekyayongera amanyi mukutumbula ekitone kye. Mu kiseera kino A Pass eriko omukono era eddukanyizibwa kkampuni ya LLolypop Entertainment.<ref name=":0"/> A Pass akoze na bafulumya omuziki abawerako mu mutindo gwa Reggae ne Dancehall omuli Alex okuva e Jamaica (A.I.P), Black Spyda okuva e Jamaica, Nessim (Badi Musik), Baru (DustVille), Timo (Badi Musik), Just Jose (Swangz Avenue), [[:lg:Benon_Mugumbya|Benon Mugumbya]], (Swangz Avenue), Nash ( [[:lg:Swangz_Avenue|Swangz Avenue]] ), N'omugenzi Mac Elvis (South Syde), . Keyner (K Records), Samurae (Talent 256), Don (DustVille) n’abalala abawerako. A Pass egamba nti afuna okusikirizibwa okuva ku muziki omuli dancehall, reggae, Rnb, hip hop ne afro pop okuva mu bayimbi nga [[:lg:Michael_Jackson|Michael Jackson]], [[:lg:Lucky_Dube|Lucky Dube]], [[:lg:UB40|UB40]] n’abalala bangi. A Pass ekoze n’abayimbi ab’enjawulo omuli, [[:lg:A.Y._(musician)|A.Y. (omuyimbi)]], [[:lg:Radio_&_Weasel|Goodlyfe]] okuva mu Uganda ne [[:lg:Cinderella_Sanyu|Cinderella Sanyu]] n’abalala bangi.<ref>{{cite web |title=A Pass to release new video featuring AY and AirporTaxi soon |url=http://bigeye.ug/pass-release-new-video-featuring-ay-airportaxi-soon/ |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Bigeye.ug}}</ref> A Pass awandikidde [[:lg:Bebe_Cool|Bebe Cool]] enyimba<ref>{{cite web |title=Singer A Pass Pockets Shs2M For Bebe Cool's New Hit |url=http://xclusive.co.ug/2014/12/04/singer-pass-pockets-shs2m-bebe-cools-hit/ |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Xclusive.co.ug |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402130501/http://xclusive.co.ug/2014/12/04/singer-pass-pockets-shs2m-bebe-cools-hit/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> era yawandiise wamu ne Michael Ross oluyimba ‘Love I Feel’.<ref>{{cite web |title=Micheal Ross Opens Up About 'Love I Feel' - Chano8 |url=http://chano8.com/micheal-ross-opens-love-feel//\ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404100615/http://chano8.com/micheal-ross-opens-love-feel/ |archive-date=4 April 2015 |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Chano8 Digital Magazine}}</ref> Gye buvuddeko yafulumya oluyimba lwa ''Wuuyo'' oluyimba olutongole olwa firimu y'ekina Uganda [[:lg:Bala_Bala_Sese|Bala Bala Sese]] eyakolebwa [[:lg:Usama_Mukwaya|Usama Mukwaya]].<ref>{{cite web |title=A pass' Wuuyo Soundtrack For The Bala Bala Sese Movie - Chano8 |url=http://chano8.com/a-pass-wuuyo-soundtrack-for-the-bala-bala-sese-movie/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421164935/http://chano8.com/a-pass-wuuyo-soundtrack-for-the-bala-bala-sese-movie/ |archive-date=21 April 2016 |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Chano8 Digital Magazine}}</ref> A Pass amanyiddwa nnyo nga okukola ne mukwano gwe ne producer Nessim era ne producer wa vidiyo [[:lg:Lukyamuzi_Bashir|Lukyamuzi Bashir]] wansi w’ekitongole ekikuba ennyimba ekya Badi Musik. === Ekivvulu ekyasooka === Ogwolubereberye 31, 2025, A Pass yategeka ekivvulu kye ekyasooka nga ye yekka, (A Pass Live in Concert, 2025) ku [[wooteeri ya Kampala Serena]]. Omukolo guno gwaliko ennyimba ze ez’amaanyi era nga gwaliko bayimbi banne. Okuteekateeka kwatandika ku nkomerero ya 2024, nga okwegezaamu kwalimu live bbandi. == Olukalala lw'ennyimba zaakute ku ntambi == === Alubaamu === * Nva Kampala (2016) Omuntu w'abantu. * [[A Pass|Africa Yayo]] (2018) * Bagonza (2024) * [https://music.apple.com/ug/album/a-pass/1785177179 Apass] (2025) == Ennyimba ezitawera alubaamu (Singles) == Ezimu ku nnyimba za A Pass ezisinga okwettanirwa mulimu zino wammanga: * Didadada * Love Infection * Am loving * Am lovin Remix * Tulikubigere * KLA * Mumpulila * So loud * Burn OP * Nyenya Omugongo * Run Bou Ya * One Of A Kind * Bartender * Tetubatya * Wuuyo * Muliwa (we deyah) * So High * Wyne on Time * Yuh Don Know Mi * Take Time Off * Abantu * Sida Mukyalo == Ennyimba zaayimbye ne bayimbi banne abalala == === Ze yayimba n'abayimbi abalala === * ''Nah normal'' ne [[Abayimbiramu kibiina kye bayita 'Goodlyfe'|Radio & Weasel]] * ''Am Loving'' ne Don Mc ne [[Cindy Sanyu|Cinderella Sanyu]] * ''Flair'' yange ne Patrobas * ''Amatu Maggale'' ne Tasha Batabazi. * ''AIP Cyber'' nga erina AIP * ''Twala Obudde bw'okuwummula'' ne The Mith * ''Omukozi w'obuzibu'' ne Ekky * ''Ebijjukizo'' ne [[:lg:Lillian_Mbabazi|Lillian Mbabazi]] * ''GAMULULU REMIX Ft [[:lg:Konshens|Konshens]]''<ref>{{Cite news|author=Staff Writer|date=April 11, 2016|title=Facts & Review Of Gamululu Remix Video By A Pass And Konshens|pages=1|work=RedPepper|url=https://redpepper.co.ug/facts-review-of-gamululu-remix-video-by-a-pass-and-konshens/64159/|access-date=April 11, 2016}}</ref> Omusajja Omulala Omulala. * Face Me ne [[:lg:Azawi|Azawi]]<ref>{{Cite news|last=Josh|first=Ruby|date=October 10, 2021|title=Impressive! Azawi’s ‘African Music’ album already taking huge strides|pages=1|work=Mbu|url=https://mbu.ug/2021/10/10/impressive-azawis-african-music-album-already-taking-huge-strides/|access-date=October 10, 2021}}</ref> == Obukuubagano == Wabaddewo obutakkaanya obutaggwa wakati wa A Pass n'abayimbi abalala mu [[:lg:Uganda|Uganda]] . * Obutakanya ne [[:lg:Bebe_Cool|Bebe Cool]]<ref>{{cite web |author=Habre Muriisa |date=11 Aug 2017 |title=A Pass Speaks Out On Alleged Beef With Bebe Cool |url=http://chano8.com/pass-speaks-alleged-beef-bebe-cool/ |accessdate=29 March 2019 |publisher=Chano8 Digital Magazine |language=en |archive-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813002810/https://chano8.com/pass-speaks-alleged-beef-bebe-cool/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Olukalala lw'abayimbi abannayuganda]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == blw6nopb255g174gzw30azp3dpf26xf 59320 59318 2026-07-06T13:53:48Z Ssebuufu 9882 /* Ekivvulu ekyasooka */ 59320 wikitext text/x-wiki [[category:1989 okuzaalibwa]] [[category:Abantu abalamu]] [[category:Abayimbi abasajja ba Uganda mu kyasa 21]] {{Databox}}  '''<big>Alexander Bagonza</big>''', asingakumanyibwa n'erinnya lye erya siteegi '''A Pass''' (era eyali '''APassKiller''' ), muyimbi era muwandiisi wa nnyimba Munnayuganda. Yazaalibwa e [[:lg:Uganda|Uganda]] mu Gwekkumineebiri 21, 1989.<ref name="chano8.com2">{{cite web|url=http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|title=All You Need To Know About Rising Star A Pass|work=Chano8 Digital Magazine|accessdate=26 March 2015|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402025154/http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A Pass agamba nti erinnya lye erya siteegi liva mu Alexander erinnya lye erisooka ate Pass liva mu linnya lye eppaatiike, Percy.<ref>satisfashionug. "A Pass talks music fashion women and being cool". ''SatisFashion Uganda''. Retrieved 26 March 2015.</ref><ref>"Llolypop Records - Events Organisers, Promoters and Marketing". Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2015.</ref> == Obuto bwe n’okusoma kwe == A Pass yazaalibwa mu Gwekkumineebiri 21, 1989 era mwana waakubiri mu maka ga baana musanvu. Yasomera ku Kampala Kindergarten ku kusoma kwe okwa nasale, Nakasero Primary School ku kusoma kwe okwa pulayimale ne Merryland High Schools, ne St Lawrence Creamland ku ssomero lya siniya.<ref name="chano8.com">{{cite web|url=http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|title=All You Need To Know About Rising Star A Pass|work=Chano8 Digital Magazine|accessdate=26 March 2015|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402025154/http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Emirimu gy’okuyimba == A Pass yatandika okuyimba ng’omuntu yenna owomukkanisa owa bulijjo maye ekitone kye yasinga kukikuliza ku ssomero. Oluvannyuma yagenda mu situdiyo mu mwaka gwa 2003 omulundi gwe ogwasooka mu situudiyo naye teyakwataayo luyimba, naye kyeyasobola okufuna kyokka gemaloboozi g'ebivuga. Oluvannyuma A Pass yakomawo mu situdiyo oluvannyuma lw’emyaka mitono bwe yasisinkana mukwano gwe ayitibwa Eddy eyamukubiriza okwongera okuyimba mu ngeri ey’ekikugu. A Pass yatondawo enkolagana ey’amaanyi mu by’okuyimba ne Dave Dash mu kiseera ekyo eyali amanyiddwa nga A Dash era ababiri baakola ennyimba ez'enjawulo nga bali bombi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Apass {{!}} West Nile xpozed |url=https://www.westnilebiz.com/artist/10/apass |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=westnilexpozed.com}}</ref> Mu 2011, yasisinkana dayirekita wa vidiyo [[:lg:Lukyamuzi_Bashir|Lukyamuzi Bashir]] eyalaba ekitone kye [[South Syde]] mu situdiyo gyebayimbira. Bashir yatandika okumutwala mu situdiyo ez’enjawulo okwetoloola eggwanga n’okumwanjula mu bantu ab’enjawulo ab’amaanyi mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. Mu mwaka gwa 2012, BADI yazimba situdiyo y’okukwata ennyimba e Makindye eyitibwa Badi Musik Production. BADI yagenda mu maaso n’okwata vidiyo za A Pass mu 2013, ekyayongera amanyi mukutumbula ekitone kye. Mu kiseera kino A Pass eriko omukono era eddukanyizibwa kkampuni ya LLolypop Entertainment.<ref name=":0"/> A Pass akoze na bafulumya omuziki abawerako mu mutindo gwa Reggae ne Dancehall omuli Alex okuva e Jamaica (A.I.P), Black Spyda okuva e Jamaica, Nessim (Badi Musik), Baru (DustVille), Timo (Badi Musik), Just Jose (Swangz Avenue), [[:lg:Benon_Mugumbya|Benon Mugumbya]], (Swangz Avenue), Nash ( [[:lg:Swangz_Avenue|Swangz Avenue]] ), N'omugenzi Mac Elvis (South Syde), . Keyner (K Records), Samurae (Talent 256), Don (DustVille) n’abalala abawerako. A Pass egamba nti afuna okusikirizibwa okuva ku muziki omuli dancehall, reggae, Rnb, hip hop ne afro pop okuva mu bayimbi nga [[:lg:Michael_Jackson|Michael Jackson]], [[:lg:Lucky_Dube|Lucky Dube]], [[:lg:UB40|UB40]] n’abalala bangi. A Pass ekoze n’abayimbi ab’enjawulo omuli, [[:lg:A.Y._(musician)|A.Y. (omuyimbi)]], [[:lg:Radio_&_Weasel|Goodlyfe]] okuva mu Uganda ne [[:lg:Cinderella_Sanyu|Cinderella Sanyu]] n’abalala bangi.<ref>{{cite web |title=A Pass to release new video featuring AY and AirporTaxi soon |url=http://bigeye.ug/pass-release-new-video-featuring-ay-airportaxi-soon/ |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Bigeye.ug}}</ref> A Pass awandikidde [[:lg:Bebe_Cool|Bebe Cool]] enyimba<ref>{{cite web |title=Singer A Pass Pockets Shs2M For Bebe Cool's New Hit |url=http://xclusive.co.ug/2014/12/04/singer-pass-pockets-shs2m-bebe-cools-hit/ |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Xclusive.co.ug |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402130501/http://xclusive.co.ug/2014/12/04/singer-pass-pockets-shs2m-bebe-cools-hit/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> era yawandiise wamu ne Michael Ross oluyimba ‘Love I Feel’.<ref>{{cite web |title=Micheal Ross Opens Up About 'Love I Feel' - Chano8 |url=http://chano8.com/micheal-ross-opens-love-feel//\ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404100615/http://chano8.com/micheal-ross-opens-love-feel/ |archive-date=4 April 2015 |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Chano8 Digital Magazine}}</ref> Gye buvuddeko yafulumya oluyimba lwa ''Wuuyo'' oluyimba olutongole olwa firimu y'ekina Uganda [[:lg:Bala_Bala_Sese|Bala Bala Sese]] eyakolebwa [[:lg:Usama_Mukwaya|Usama Mukwaya]].<ref>{{cite web |title=A pass' Wuuyo Soundtrack For The Bala Bala Sese Movie - Chano8 |url=http://chano8.com/a-pass-wuuyo-soundtrack-for-the-bala-bala-sese-movie/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421164935/http://chano8.com/a-pass-wuuyo-soundtrack-for-the-bala-bala-sese-movie/ |archive-date=21 April 2016 |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Chano8 Digital Magazine}}</ref> A Pass amanyiddwa nnyo nga okukola ne mukwano gwe ne producer Nessim era ne producer wa vidiyo [[:lg:Lukyamuzi_Bashir|Lukyamuzi Bashir]] wansi w’ekitongole ekikuba ennyimba ekya Badi Musik. === Ekivvulu ekyasooka === Ogwolubereberye 31, 2025, A Pass yategeka ekivvulu kye ekyasooka nga ye yekka, (A Pass Live in Concert, 2025) ku [[wooteeri ya Kampala Serena]]. Omukolo guno gwaliko ennyimba ze ez’amaanyi era nga gwaliko bayimbi banne. Enteekateeka yatandika ku nkomerero ya 2024, n'okwegezaamu okwalimu bbandi ekuba layivu. == Olukalala lw'ennyimba zaakute ku ntambi == === Alubaamu === * Nva Kampala (2016) Omuntu w'abantu. * [[A Pass|Africa Yayo]] (2018) * Bagonza (2024) * [https://music.apple.com/ug/album/a-pass/1785177179 Apass] (2025) == Ennyimba ezitawera alubaamu (Singles) == Ezimu ku nnyimba za A Pass ezisinga okwettanirwa mulimu zino wammanga: * Didadada * Love Infection * Am loving * Am lovin Remix * Tulikubigere * KLA * Mumpulila * So loud * Burn OP * Nyenya Omugongo * Run Bou Ya * One Of A Kind * Bartender * Tetubatya * Wuuyo * Muliwa (we deyah) * So High * Wyne on Time * Yuh Don Know Mi * Take Time Off * Abantu * Sida Mukyalo == Ennyimba zaayimbye ne bayimbi banne abalala == === Ze yayimba n'abayimbi abalala === * ''Nah normal'' ne [[Abayimbiramu kibiina kye bayita 'Goodlyfe'|Radio & Weasel]] * ''Am Loving'' ne Don Mc ne [[Cindy Sanyu|Cinderella Sanyu]] * ''Flair'' yange ne Patrobas * ''Amatu Maggale'' ne Tasha Batabazi. * ''AIP Cyber'' nga erina AIP * ''Twala Obudde bw'okuwummula'' ne The Mith * ''Omukozi w'obuzibu'' ne Ekky * ''Ebijjukizo'' ne [[:lg:Lillian_Mbabazi|Lillian Mbabazi]] * ''GAMULULU REMIX Ft [[:lg:Konshens|Konshens]]''<ref>{{Cite news|author=Staff Writer|date=April 11, 2016|title=Facts & Review Of Gamululu Remix Video By A Pass And Konshens|pages=1|work=RedPepper|url=https://redpepper.co.ug/facts-review-of-gamululu-remix-video-by-a-pass-and-konshens/64159/|access-date=April 11, 2016}}</ref> Omusajja Omulala Omulala. * Face Me ne [[:lg:Azawi|Azawi]]<ref>{{Cite news|last=Josh|first=Ruby|date=October 10, 2021|title=Impressive! Azawi’s ‘African Music’ album already taking huge strides|pages=1|work=Mbu|url=https://mbu.ug/2021/10/10/impressive-azawis-african-music-album-already-taking-huge-strides/|access-date=October 10, 2021}}</ref> == Obukuubagano == Wabaddewo obutakkaanya obutaggwa wakati wa A Pass n'abayimbi abalala mu [[:lg:Uganda|Uganda]] . * Obutakanya ne [[:lg:Bebe_Cool|Bebe Cool]]<ref>{{cite web |author=Habre Muriisa |date=11 Aug 2017 |title=A Pass Speaks Out On Alleged Beef With Bebe Cool |url=http://chano8.com/pass-speaks-alleged-beef-bebe-cool/ |accessdate=29 March 2019 |publisher=Chano8 Digital Magazine |language=en |archive-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813002810/https://chano8.com/pass-speaks-alleged-beef-bebe-cool/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Olukalala lw'abayimbi abannayuganda]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == oqfskoh2h182cqgp6gwgw3nobb7h596 59322 59320 2026-07-06T13:56:17Z Ssebuufu 9882 /* Laba ne */ 59322 wikitext text/x-wiki [[category:1989 okuzaalibwa]] [[category:Abantu abalamu]] [[category:Abayimbi abasajja ba Uganda mu kyasa 21]] {{Databox}}  '''<big>Alexander Bagonza</big>''', asingakumanyibwa n'erinnya lye erya siteegi '''A Pass''' (era eyali '''APassKiller''' ), muyimbi era muwandiisi wa nnyimba Munnayuganda. Yazaalibwa e [[:lg:Uganda|Uganda]] mu Gwekkumineebiri 21, 1989.<ref name="chano8.com2">{{cite web|url=http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|title=All You Need To Know About Rising Star A Pass|work=Chano8 Digital Magazine|accessdate=26 March 2015|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402025154/http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A Pass agamba nti erinnya lye erya siteegi liva mu Alexander erinnya lye erisooka ate Pass liva mu linnya lye eppaatiike, Percy.<ref>satisfashionug. "A Pass talks music fashion women and being cool". ''SatisFashion Uganda''. Retrieved 26 March 2015.</ref><ref>"Llolypop Records - Events Organisers, Promoters and Marketing". Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2015.</ref> == Obuto bwe n’okusoma kwe == A Pass yazaalibwa mu Gwekkumineebiri 21, 1989 era mwana waakubiri mu maka ga baana musanvu. Yasomera ku Kampala Kindergarten ku kusoma kwe okwa nasale, Nakasero Primary School ku kusoma kwe okwa pulayimale ne Merryland High Schools, ne St Lawrence Creamland ku ssomero lya siniya.<ref name="chano8.com">{{cite web|url=http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|title=All You Need To Know About Rising Star A Pass|work=Chano8 Digital Magazine|accessdate=26 March 2015|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402025154/http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Emirimu gy’okuyimba == A Pass yatandika okuyimba ng’omuntu yenna owomukkanisa owa bulijjo maye ekitone kye yasinga kukikuliza ku ssomero. Oluvannyuma yagenda mu situdiyo mu mwaka gwa 2003 omulundi gwe ogwasooka mu situudiyo naye teyakwataayo luyimba, naye kyeyasobola okufuna kyokka gemaloboozi g'ebivuga. Oluvannyuma A Pass yakomawo mu situdiyo oluvannyuma lw’emyaka mitono bwe yasisinkana mukwano gwe ayitibwa Eddy eyamukubiriza okwongera okuyimba mu ngeri ey’ekikugu. A Pass yatondawo enkolagana ey’amaanyi mu by’okuyimba ne Dave Dash mu kiseera ekyo eyali amanyiddwa nga A Dash era ababiri baakola ennyimba ez'enjawulo nga bali bombi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Apass {{!}} West Nile xpozed |url=https://www.westnilebiz.com/artist/10/apass |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=westnilexpozed.com}}</ref> Mu 2011, yasisinkana dayirekita wa vidiyo [[:lg:Lukyamuzi_Bashir|Lukyamuzi Bashir]] eyalaba ekitone kye [[South Syde]] mu situdiyo gyebayimbira. Bashir yatandika okumutwala mu situdiyo ez’enjawulo okwetoloola eggwanga n’okumwanjula mu bantu ab’enjawulo ab’amaanyi mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. Mu mwaka gwa 2012, BADI yazimba situdiyo y’okukwata ennyimba e Makindye eyitibwa Badi Musik Production. BADI yagenda mu maaso n’okwata vidiyo za A Pass mu 2013, ekyayongera amanyi mukutumbula ekitone kye. Mu kiseera kino A Pass eriko omukono era eddukanyizibwa kkampuni ya LLolypop Entertainment.<ref name=":0"/> A Pass akoze na bafulumya omuziki abawerako mu mutindo gwa Reggae ne Dancehall omuli Alex okuva e Jamaica (A.I.P), Black Spyda okuva e Jamaica, Nessim (Badi Musik), Baru (DustVille), Timo (Badi Musik), Just Jose (Swangz Avenue), [[:lg:Benon_Mugumbya|Benon Mugumbya]], (Swangz Avenue), Nash ( [[:lg:Swangz_Avenue|Swangz Avenue]] ), N'omugenzi Mac Elvis (South Syde), . Keyner (K Records), Samurae (Talent 256), Don (DustVille) n’abalala abawerako. A Pass egamba nti afuna okusikirizibwa okuva ku muziki omuli dancehall, reggae, Rnb, hip hop ne afro pop okuva mu bayimbi nga [[:lg:Michael_Jackson|Michael Jackson]], [[:lg:Lucky_Dube|Lucky Dube]], [[:lg:UB40|UB40]] n’abalala bangi. A Pass ekoze n’abayimbi ab’enjawulo omuli, [[:lg:A.Y._(musician)|A.Y. (omuyimbi)]], [[:lg:Radio_&_Weasel|Goodlyfe]] okuva mu Uganda ne [[:lg:Cinderella_Sanyu|Cinderella Sanyu]] n’abalala bangi.<ref>{{cite web |title=A Pass to release new video featuring AY and AirporTaxi soon |url=http://bigeye.ug/pass-release-new-video-featuring-ay-airportaxi-soon/ |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Bigeye.ug}}</ref> A Pass awandikidde [[:lg:Bebe_Cool|Bebe Cool]] enyimba<ref>{{cite web |title=Singer A Pass Pockets Shs2M For Bebe Cool's New Hit |url=http://xclusive.co.ug/2014/12/04/singer-pass-pockets-shs2m-bebe-cools-hit/ |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Xclusive.co.ug |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402130501/http://xclusive.co.ug/2014/12/04/singer-pass-pockets-shs2m-bebe-cools-hit/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> era yawandiise wamu ne Michael Ross oluyimba ‘Love I Feel’.<ref>{{cite web |title=Micheal Ross Opens Up About 'Love I Feel' - Chano8 |url=http://chano8.com/micheal-ross-opens-love-feel//\ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404100615/http://chano8.com/micheal-ross-opens-love-feel/ |archive-date=4 April 2015 |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Chano8 Digital Magazine}}</ref> Gye buvuddeko yafulumya oluyimba lwa ''Wuuyo'' oluyimba olutongole olwa firimu y'ekina Uganda [[:lg:Bala_Bala_Sese|Bala Bala Sese]] eyakolebwa [[:lg:Usama_Mukwaya|Usama Mukwaya]].<ref>{{cite web |title=A pass' Wuuyo Soundtrack For The Bala Bala Sese Movie - Chano8 |url=http://chano8.com/a-pass-wuuyo-soundtrack-for-the-bala-bala-sese-movie/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421164935/http://chano8.com/a-pass-wuuyo-soundtrack-for-the-bala-bala-sese-movie/ |archive-date=21 April 2016 |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Chano8 Digital Magazine}}</ref> A Pass amanyiddwa nnyo nga okukola ne mukwano gwe ne producer Nessim era ne producer wa vidiyo [[:lg:Lukyamuzi_Bashir|Lukyamuzi Bashir]] wansi w’ekitongole ekikuba ennyimba ekya Badi Musik. === Ekivvulu ekyasooka === Ogwolubereberye 31, 2025, A Pass yategeka ekivvulu kye ekyasooka nga ye yekka, (A Pass Live in Concert, 2025) ku [[wooteeri ya Kampala Serena]]. Omukolo guno gwaliko ennyimba ze ez’amaanyi era nga gwaliko bayimbi banne. Enteekateeka yatandika ku nkomerero ya 2024, n'okwegezaamu okwalimu bbandi ekuba layivu. == Olukalala lw'ennyimba zaakute ku ntambi == === Alubaamu === * Nva Kampala (2016) Omuntu w'abantu. * [[A Pass|Africa Yayo]] (2018) * Bagonza (2024) * [https://music.apple.com/ug/album/a-pass/1785177179 Apass] (2025) == Ennyimba ezitawera alubaamu (Singles) == Ezimu ku nnyimba za A Pass ezisinga okwettanirwa mulimu zino wammanga: * Didadada * Love Infection * Am loving * Am lovin Remix * Tulikubigere * KLA * Mumpulila * So loud * Burn OP * Nyenya Omugongo * Run Bou Ya * One Of A Kind * Bartender * Tetubatya * Wuuyo * Muliwa (we deyah) * So High * Wyne on Time * Yuh Don Know Mi * Take Time Off * Abantu * Sida Mukyalo == Ennyimba zaayimbye ne bayimbi banne abalala == === Ze yayimba n'abayimbi abalala === * ''Nah normal'' ne [[Abayimbiramu kibiina kye bayita 'Goodlyfe'|Radio & Weasel]] * ''Am Loving'' ne Don Mc ne [[Cindy Sanyu|Cinderella Sanyu]] * ''Flair'' yange ne Patrobas * ''Amatu Maggale'' ne Tasha Batabazi. * ''AIP Cyber'' nga erina AIP * ''Twala Obudde bw'okuwummula'' ne The Mith * ''Omukozi w'obuzibu'' ne Ekky * ''Ebijjukizo'' ne [[:lg:Lillian_Mbabazi|Lillian Mbabazi]] * ''GAMULULU REMIX Ft [[:lg:Konshens|Konshens]]''<ref>{{Cite news|author=Staff Writer|date=April 11, 2016|title=Facts & Review Of Gamululu Remix Video By A Pass And Konshens|pages=1|work=RedPepper|url=https://redpepper.co.ug/facts-review-of-gamululu-remix-video-by-a-pass-and-konshens/64159/|access-date=April 11, 2016}}</ref> Omusajja Omulala Omulala. * Face Me ne [[:lg:Azawi|Azawi]]<ref>{{Cite news|last=Josh|first=Ruby|date=October 10, 2021|title=Impressive! Azawi’s ‘African Music’ album already taking huge strides|pages=1|work=Mbu|url=https://mbu.ug/2021/10/10/impressive-azawis-african-music-album-already-taking-huge-strides/|access-date=October 10, 2021}}</ref> == Obukuubagano == Wabaddewo obutakkaanya obutaggwa wakati wa A Pass n'abayimbi abalala mu [[:lg:Uganda|Uganda]] . * Obutakanya ne [[:lg:Bebe_Cool|Bebe Cool]]<ref>{{cite web |author=Habre Muriisa |date=11 Aug 2017 |title=A Pass Speaks Out On Alleged Beef With Bebe Cool |url=http://chano8.com/pass-speaks-alleged-beef-bebe-cool/ |accessdate=29 March 2019 |publisher=Chano8 Digital Magazine |language=en |archive-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813002810/https://chano8.com/pass-speaks-alleged-beef-bebe-cool/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Olukalala lw'abayimbi Bannayuganda|Olukalala lw'abayimbi abannayuganda]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == 2e4n2yt2m1kjydgejgrmzb1vpbtycxf 59323 59322 2026-07-06T13:57:33Z Ssebuufu 9882 /* Laba ne */ 59323 wikitext text/x-wiki [[category:1989 okuzaalibwa]] [[category:Abantu abalamu]] [[category:Abayimbi abasajja ba Uganda mu kyasa 21]] {{Databox}}  '''<big>Alexander Bagonza</big>''', asingakumanyibwa n'erinnya lye erya siteegi '''A Pass''' (era eyali '''APassKiller''' ), muyimbi era muwandiisi wa nnyimba Munnayuganda. Yazaalibwa e [[:lg:Uganda|Uganda]] mu Gwekkumineebiri 21, 1989.<ref name="chano8.com2">{{cite web|url=http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|title=All You Need To Know About Rising Star A Pass|work=Chano8 Digital Magazine|accessdate=26 March 2015|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402025154/http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A Pass agamba nti erinnya lye erya siteegi liva mu Alexander erinnya lye erisooka ate Pass liva mu linnya lye eppaatiike, Percy.<ref>satisfashionug. "A Pass talks music fashion women and being cool". ''SatisFashion Uganda''. Retrieved 26 March 2015.</ref><ref>"Llolypop Records - Events Organisers, Promoters and Marketing". Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2015.</ref> == Obuto bwe n’okusoma kwe == A Pass yazaalibwa mu Gwekkumineebiri 21, 1989 era mwana waakubiri mu maka ga baana musanvu. Yasomera ku Kampala Kindergarten ku kusoma kwe okwa nasale, Nakasero Primary School ku kusoma kwe okwa pulayimale ne Merryland High Schools, ne St Lawrence Creamland ku ssomero lya siniya.<ref name="chano8.com">{{cite web|url=http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|title=All You Need To Know About Rising Star A Pass|work=Chano8 Digital Magazine|accessdate=26 March 2015|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402025154/http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Emirimu gy’okuyimba == A Pass yatandika okuyimba ng’omuntu yenna owomukkanisa owa bulijjo maye ekitone kye yasinga kukikuliza ku ssomero. Oluvannyuma yagenda mu situdiyo mu mwaka gwa 2003 omulundi gwe ogwasooka mu situudiyo naye teyakwataayo luyimba, naye kyeyasobola okufuna kyokka gemaloboozi g'ebivuga. Oluvannyuma A Pass yakomawo mu situdiyo oluvannyuma lw’emyaka mitono bwe yasisinkana mukwano gwe ayitibwa Eddy eyamukubiriza okwongera okuyimba mu ngeri ey’ekikugu. A Pass yatondawo enkolagana ey’amaanyi mu by’okuyimba ne Dave Dash mu kiseera ekyo eyali amanyiddwa nga A Dash era ababiri baakola ennyimba ez'enjawulo nga bali bombi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Apass {{!}} West Nile xpozed |url=https://www.westnilebiz.com/artist/10/apass |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=westnilexpozed.com}}</ref> Mu 2011, yasisinkana dayirekita wa vidiyo [[:lg:Lukyamuzi_Bashir|Lukyamuzi Bashir]] eyalaba ekitone kye [[South Syde]] mu situdiyo gyebayimbira. Bashir yatandika okumutwala mu situdiyo ez’enjawulo okwetoloola eggwanga n’okumwanjula mu bantu ab’enjawulo ab’amaanyi mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. Mu mwaka gwa 2012, BADI yazimba situdiyo y’okukwata ennyimba e Makindye eyitibwa Badi Musik Production. BADI yagenda mu maaso n’okwata vidiyo za A Pass mu 2013, ekyayongera amanyi mukutumbula ekitone kye. Mu kiseera kino A Pass eriko omukono era eddukanyizibwa kkampuni ya LLolypop Entertainment.<ref name=":0"/> A Pass akoze na bafulumya omuziki abawerako mu mutindo gwa Reggae ne Dancehall omuli Alex okuva e Jamaica (A.I.P), Black Spyda okuva e Jamaica, Nessim (Badi Musik), Baru (DustVille), Timo (Badi Musik), Just Jose (Swangz Avenue), [[:lg:Benon_Mugumbya|Benon Mugumbya]], (Swangz Avenue), Nash ( [[:lg:Swangz_Avenue|Swangz Avenue]] ), N'omugenzi Mac Elvis (South Syde), . Keyner (K Records), Samurae (Talent 256), Don (DustVille) n’abalala abawerako. A Pass egamba nti afuna okusikirizibwa okuva ku muziki omuli dancehall, reggae, Rnb, hip hop ne afro pop okuva mu bayimbi nga [[:lg:Michael_Jackson|Michael Jackson]], [[:lg:Lucky_Dube|Lucky Dube]], [[:lg:UB40|UB40]] n’abalala bangi. A Pass ekoze n’abayimbi ab’enjawulo omuli, [[:lg:A.Y._(musician)|A.Y. (omuyimbi)]], [[:lg:Radio_&_Weasel|Goodlyfe]] okuva mu Uganda ne [[:lg:Cinderella_Sanyu|Cinderella Sanyu]] n’abalala bangi.<ref>{{cite web |title=A Pass to release new video featuring AY and AirporTaxi soon |url=http://bigeye.ug/pass-release-new-video-featuring-ay-airportaxi-soon/ |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Bigeye.ug}}</ref> A Pass awandikidde [[:lg:Bebe_Cool|Bebe Cool]] enyimba<ref>{{cite web |title=Singer A Pass Pockets Shs2M For Bebe Cool's New Hit |url=http://xclusive.co.ug/2014/12/04/singer-pass-pockets-shs2m-bebe-cools-hit/ |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Xclusive.co.ug |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402130501/http://xclusive.co.ug/2014/12/04/singer-pass-pockets-shs2m-bebe-cools-hit/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> era yawandiise wamu ne Michael Ross oluyimba ‘Love I Feel’.<ref>{{cite web |title=Micheal Ross Opens Up About 'Love I Feel' - Chano8 |url=http://chano8.com/micheal-ross-opens-love-feel//\ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404100615/http://chano8.com/micheal-ross-opens-love-feel/ |archive-date=4 April 2015 |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Chano8 Digital Magazine}}</ref> Gye buvuddeko yafulumya oluyimba lwa ''Wuuyo'' oluyimba olutongole olwa firimu y'ekina Uganda [[:lg:Bala_Bala_Sese|Bala Bala Sese]] eyakolebwa [[:lg:Usama_Mukwaya|Usama Mukwaya]].<ref>{{cite web |title=A pass' Wuuyo Soundtrack For The Bala Bala Sese Movie - Chano8 |url=http://chano8.com/a-pass-wuuyo-soundtrack-for-the-bala-bala-sese-movie/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421164935/http://chano8.com/a-pass-wuuyo-soundtrack-for-the-bala-bala-sese-movie/ |archive-date=21 April 2016 |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Chano8 Digital Magazine}}</ref> A Pass amanyiddwa nnyo nga okukola ne mukwano gwe ne producer Nessim era ne producer wa vidiyo [[:lg:Lukyamuzi_Bashir|Lukyamuzi Bashir]] wansi w’ekitongole ekikuba ennyimba ekya Badi Musik. === Ekivvulu ekyasooka === Ogwolubereberye 31, 2025, A Pass yategeka ekivvulu kye ekyasooka nga ye yekka, (A Pass Live in Concert, 2025) ku [[wooteeri ya Kampala Serena]]. Omukolo guno gwaliko ennyimba ze ez’amaanyi era nga gwaliko bayimbi banne. Enteekateeka yatandika ku nkomerero ya 2024, n'okwegezaamu okwalimu bbandi ekuba layivu. == Olukalala lw'ennyimba zaakute ku ntambi == === Alubaamu === * Nva Kampala (2016) Omuntu w'abantu. * [[A Pass|Africa Yayo]] (2018) * Bagonza (2024) * [https://music.apple.com/ug/album/a-pass/1785177179 Apass] (2025) == Ennyimba ezitawera alubaamu (Singles) == Ezimu ku nnyimba za A Pass ezisinga okwettanirwa mulimu zino wammanga: * Didadada * Love Infection * Am loving * Am lovin Remix * Tulikubigere * KLA * Mumpulila * So loud * Burn OP * Nyenya Omugongo * Run Bou Ya * One Of A Kind * Bartender * Tetubatya * Wuuyo * Muliwa (we deyah) * So High * Wyne on Time * Yuh Don Know Mi * Take Time Off * Abantu * Sida Mukyalo == Ennyimba zaayimbye ne bayimbi banne abalala == === Ze yayimba n'abayimbi abalala === * ''Nah normal'' ne [[Abayimbiramu kibiina kye bayita 'Goodlyfe'|Radio & Weasel]] * ''Am Loving'' ne Don Mc ne [[Cindy Sanyu|Cinderella Sanyu]] * ''Flair'' yange ne Patrobas * ''Amatu Maggale'' ne Tasha Batabazi. * ''AIP Cyber'' nga erina AIP * ''Twala Obudde bw'okuwummula'' ne The Mith * ''Omukozi w'obuzibu'' ne Ekky * ''Ebijjukizo'' ne [[:lg:Lillian_Mbabazi|Lillian Mbabazi]] * ''GAMULULU REMIX Ft [[:lg:Konshens|Konshens]]''<ref>{{Cite news|author=Staff Writer|date=April 11, 2016|title=Facts & Review Of Gamululu Remix Video By A Pass And Konshens|pages=1|work=RedPepper|url=https://redpepper.co.ug/facts-review-of-gamululu-remix-video-by-a-pass-and-konshens/64159/|access-date=April 11, 2016}}</ref> Omusajja Omulala Omulala. * Face Me ne [[:lg:Azawi|Azawi]]<ref>{{Cite news|last=Josh|first=Ruby|date=October 10, 2021|title=Impressive! Azawi’s ‘African Music’ album already taking huge strides|pages=1|work=Mbu|url=https://mbu.ug/2021/10/10/impressive-azawis-african-music-album-already-taking-huge-strides/|access-date=October 10, 2021}}</ref> == Obukuubagano == Wabaddewo obutakkaanya obutaggwa wakati wa A Pass n'abayimbi abalala mu [[:lg:Uganda|Uganda]] . * Obutakanya ne [[:lg:Bebe_Cool|Bebe Cool]]<ref>{{cite web |author=Habre Muriisa |date=11 Aug 2017 |title=A Pass Speaks Out On Alleged Beef With Bebe Cool |url=http://chano8.com/pass-speaks-alleged-beef-bebe-cool/ |accessdate=29 March 2019 |publisher=Chano8 Digital Magazine |language=en |archive-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813002810/https://chano8.com/pass-speaks-alleged-beef-bebe-cool/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Olukalala lw'abayimbi Bannayuganda]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == 39jx60ki6uaqfjz4jtytajwjy3emfsb 59324 59323 2026-07-06T13:58:09Z Ssebuufu 9882 /* Laba ne */ 59324 wikitext text/x-wiki [[category:1989 okuzaalibwa]] [[category:Abantu abalamu]] [[category:Abayimbi abasajja ba Uganda mu kyasa 21]] {{Databox}}  '''<big>Alexander Bagonza</big>''', asingakumanyibwa n'erinnya lye erya siteegi '''A Pass''' (era eyali '''APassKiller''' ), muyimbi era muwandiisi wa nnyimba Munnayuganda. Yazaalibwa e [[:lg:Uganda|Uganda]] mu Gwekkumineebiri 21, 1989.<ref name="chano8.com2">{{cite web|url=http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|title=All You Need To Know About Rising Star A Pass|work=Chano8 Digital Magazine|accessdate=26 March 2015|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402025154/http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A Pass agamba nti erinnya lye erya siteegi liva mu Alexander erinnya lye erisooka ate Pass liva mu linnya lye eppaatiike, Percy.<ref>satisfashionug. "A Pass talks music fashion women and being cool". ''SatisFashion Uganda''. Retrieved 26 March 2015.</ref><ref>"Llolypop Records - Events Organisers, Promoters and Marketing". Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2015.</ref> == Obuto bwe n’okusoma kwe == A Pass yazaalibwa mu Gwekkumineebiri 21, 1989 era mwana waakubiri mu maka ga baana musanvu. Yasomera ku Kampala Kindergarten ku kusoma kwe okwa nasale, Nakasero Primary School ku kusoma kwe okwa pulayimale ne Merryland High Schools, ne St Lawrence Creamland ku ssomero lya siniya.<ref name="chano8.com">{{cite web|url=http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|title=All You Need To Know About Rising Star A Pass|work=Chano8 Digital Magazine|accessdate=26 March 2015|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402025154/http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Emirimu gy’okuyimba == A Pass yatandika okuyimba ng’omuntu yenna owomukkanisa owa bulijjo maye ekitone kye yasinga kukikuliza ku ssomero. Oluvannyuma yagenda mu situdiyo mu mwaka gwa 2003 omulundi gwe ogwasooka mu situudiyo naye teyakwataayo luyimba, naye kyeyasobola okufuna kyokka gemaloboozi g'ebivuga. Oluvannyuma A Pass yakomawo mu situdiyo oluvannyuma lw’emyaka mitono bwe yasisinkana mukwano gwe ayitibwa Eddy eyamukubiriza okwongera okuyimba mu ngeri ey’ekikugu. A Pass yatondawo enkolagana ey’amaanyi mu by’okuyimba ne Dave Dash mu kiseera ekyo eyali amanyiddwa nga A Dash era ababiri baakola ennyimba ez'enjawulo nga bali bombi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Apass {{!}} West Nile xpozed |url=https://www.westnilebiz.com/artist/10/apass |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=westnilexpozed.com}}</ref> Mu 2011, yasisinkana dayirekita wa vidiyo [[:lg:Lukyamuzi_Bashir|Lukyamuzi Bashir]] eyalaba ekitone kye [[South Syde]] mu situdiyo gyebayimbira. Bashir yatandika okumutwala mu situdiyo ez’enjawulo okwetoloola eggwanga n’okumwanjula mu bantu ab’enjawulo ab’amaanyi mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. Mu mwaka gwa 2012, BADI yazimba situdiyo y’okukwata ennyimba e Makindye eyitibwa Badi Musik Production. BADI yagenda mu maaso n’okwata vidiyo za A Pass mu 2013, ekyayongera amanyi mukutumbula ekitone kye. Mu kiseera kino A Pass eriko omukono era eddukanyizibwa kkampuni ya LLolypop Entertainment.<ref name=":0"/> A Pass akoze na bafulumya omuziki abawerako mu mutindo gwa Reggae ne Dancehall omuli Alex okuva e Jamaica (A.I.P), Black Spyda okuva e Jamaica, Nessim (Badi Musik), Baru (DustVille), Timo (Badi Musik), Just Jose (Swangz Avenue), [[:lg:Benon_Mugumbya|Benon Mugumbya]], (Swangz Avenue), Nash ( [[:lg:Swangz_Avenue|Swangz Avenue]] ), N'omugenzi Mac Elvis (South Syde), . Keyner (K Records), Samurae (Talent 256), Don (DustVille) n’abalala abawerako. A Pass egamba nti afuna okusikirizibwa okuva ku muziki omuli dancehall, reggae, Rnb, hip hop ne afro pop okuva mu bayimbi nga [[:lg:Michael_Jackson|Michael Jackson]], [[:lg:Lucky_Dube|Lucky Dube]], [[:lg:UB40|UB40]] n’abalala bangi. A Pass ekoze n’abayimbi ab’enjawulo omuli, [[:lg:A.Y._(musician)|A.Y. (omuyimbi)]], [[:lg:Radio_&_Weasel|Goodlyfe]] okuva mu Uganda ne [[:lg:Cinderella_Sanyu|Cinderella Sanyu]] n’abalala bangi.<ref>{{cite web |title=A Pass to release new video featuring AY and AirporTaxi soon |url=http://bigeye.ug/pass-release-new-video-featuring-ay-airportaxi-soon/ |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Bigeye.ug}}</ref> A Pass awandikidde [[:lg:Bebe_Cool|Bebe Cool]] enyimba<ref>{{cite web |title=Singer A Pass Pockets Shs2M For Bebe Cool's New Hit |url=http://xclusive.co.ug/2014/12/04/singer-pass-pockets-shs2m-bebe-cools-hit/ |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Xclusive.co.ug |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402130501/http://xclusive.co.ug/2014/12/04/singer-pass-pockets-shs2m-bebe-cools-hit/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> era yawandiise wamu ne Michael Ross oluyimba ‘Love I Feel’.<ref>{{cite web |title=Micheal Ross Opens Up About 'Love I Feel' - Chano8 |url=http://chano8.com/micheal-ross-opens-love-feel//\ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404100615/http://chano8.com/micheal-ross-opens-love-feel/ |archive-date=4 April 2015 |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Chano8 Digital Magazine}}</ref> Gye buvuddeko yafulumya oluyimba lwa ''Wuuyo'' oluyimba olutongole olwa firimu y'ekina Uganda [[:lg:Bala_Bala_Sese|Bala Bala Sese]] eyakolebwa [[:lg:Usama_Mukwaya|Usama Mukwaya]].<ref>{{cite web |title=A pass' Wuuyo Soundtrack For The Bala Bala Sese Movie - Chano8 |url=http://chano8.com/a-pass-wuuyo-soundtrack-for-the-bala-bala-sese-movie/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421164935/http://chano8.com/a-pass-wuuyo-soundtrack-for-the-bala-bala-sese-movie/ |archive-date=21 April 2016 |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Chano8 Digital Magazine}}</ref> A Pass amanyiddwa nnyo nga okukola ne mukwano gwe ne producer Nessim era ne producer wa vidiyo [[:lg:Lukyamuzi_Bashir|Lukyamuzi Bashir]] wansi w’ekitongole ekikuba ennyimba ekya Badi Musik. === Ekivvulu ekyasooka === Ogwolubereberye 31, 2025, A Pass yategeka ekivvulu kye ekyasooka nga ye yekka, (A Pass Live in Concert, 2025) ku [[wooteeri ya Kampala Serena]]. Omukolo guno gwaliko ennyimba ze ez’amaanyi era nga gwaliko bayimbi banne. Enteekateeka yatandika ku nkomerero ya 2024, n'okwegezaamu okwalimu bbandi ekuba layivu. == Olukalala lw'ennyimba zaakute ku ntambi == === Alubaamu === * Nva Kampala (2016) Omuntu w'abantu. * [[A Pass|Africa Yayo]] (2018) * Bagonza (2024) * [https://music.apple.com/ug/album/a-pass/1785177179 Apass] (2025) == Ennyimba ezitawera alubaamu (Singles) == Ezimu ku nnyimba za A Pass ezisinga okwettanirwa mulimu zino wammanga: * Didadada * Love Infection * Am loving * Am lovin Remix * Tulikubigere * KLA * Mumpulila * So loud * Burn OP * Nyenya Omugongo * Run Bou Ya * One Of A Kind * Bartender * Tetubatya * Wuuyo * Muliwa (we deyah) * So High * Wyne on Time * Yuh Don Know Mi * Take Time Off * Abantu * Sida Mukyalo == Ennyimba zaayimbye ne bayimbi banne abalala == === Ze yayimba n'abayimbi abalala === * ''Nah normal'' ne [[Abayimbiramu kibiina kye bayita 'Goodlyfe'|Radio & Weasel]] * ''Am Loving'' ne Don Mc ne [[Cindy Sanyu|Cinderella Sanyu]] * ''Flair'' yange ne Patrobas * ''Amatu Maggale'' ne Tasha Batabazi. * ''AIP Cyber'' nga erina AIP * ''Twala Obudde bw'okuwummula'' ne The Mith * ''Omukozi w'obuzibu'' ne Ekky * ''Ebijjukizo'' ne [[:lg:Lillian_Mbabazi|Lillian Mbabazi]] * ''GAMULULU REMIX Ft [[:lg:Konshens|Konshens]]''<ref>{{Cite news|author=Staff Writer|date=April 11, 2016|title=Facts & Review Of Gamululu Remix Video By A Pass And Konshens|pages=1|work=RedPepper|url=https://redpepper.co.ug/facts-review-of-gamululu-remix-video-by-a-pass-and-konshens/64159/|access-date=April 11, 2016}}</ref> Omusajja Omulala Omulala. * Face Me ne [[:lg:Azawi|Azawi]]<ref>{{Cite news|last=Josh|first=Ruby|date=October 10, 2021|title=Impressive! Azawi’s ‘African Music’ album already taking huge strides|pages=1|work=Mbu|url=https://mbu.ug/2021/10/10/impressive-azawis-african-music-album-already-taking-huge-strides/|access-date=October 10, 2021}}</ref> == Obukuubagano == Wabaddewo obutakkaanya obutaggwa wakati wa A Pass n'abayimbi abalala mu [[:lg:Uganda|Uganda]] . * Obutakanya ne [[:lg:Bebe_Cool|Bebe Cool]]<ref>{{cite web |author=Habre Muriisa |date=11 Aug 2017 |title=A Pass Speaks Out On Alleged Beef With Bebe Cool |url=http://chano8.com/pass-speaks-alleged-beef-bebe-cool/ |accessdate=29 March 2019 |publisher=Chano8 Digital Magazine |language=en |archive-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813002810/https://chano8.com/pass-speaks-alleged-beef-bebe-cool/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Olukalala lw'abayimbi Bannayuganda]] . == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == bb9pb2pfwsc9iymyqa0vxiba7fcw5kn 59325 59324 2026-07-06T13:59:55Z Ssebuufu 9882 /* Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia */ 59325 wikitext text/x-wiki [[category:1989 okuzaalibwa]] [[category:Abantu abalamu]] [[category:Abayimbi abasajja ba Uganda mu kyasa 21]] {{Databox}}  '''<big>Alexander Bagonza</big>''', asingakumanyibwa n'erinnya lye erya siteegi '''A Pass''' (era eyali '''APassKiller''' ), muyimbi era muwandiisi wa nnyimba Munnayuganda. Yazaalibwa e [[:lg:Uganda|Uganda]] mu Gwekkumineebiri 21, 1989.<ref name="chano8.com2">{{cite web|url=http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|title=All You Need To Know About Rising Star A Pass|work=Chano8 Digital Magazine|accessdate=26 March 2015|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402025154/http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A Pass agamba nti erinnya lye erya siteegi liva mu Alexander erinnya lye erisooka ate Pass liva mu linnya lye eppaatiike, Percy.<ref>satisfashionug. "A Pass talks music fashion women and being cool". ''SatisFashion Uganda''. Retrieved 26 March 2015.</ref><ref>"Llolypop Records - Events Organisers, Promoters and Marketing". Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2015.</ref> == Obuto bwe n’okusoma kwe == A Pass yazaalibwa mu Gwekkumineebiri 21, 1989 era mwana waakubiri mu maka ga baana musanvu. Yasomera ku Kampala Kindergarten ku kusoma kwe okwa nasale, Nakasero Primary School ku kusoma kwe okwa pulayimale ne Merryland High Schools, ne St Lawrence Creamland ku ssomero lya siniya.<ref name="chano8.com">{{cite web|url=http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|title=All You Need To Know About Rising Star A Pass|work=Chano8 Digital Magazine|accessdate=26 March 2015|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402025154/http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Emirimu gy’okuyimba == A Pass yatandika okuyimba ng’omuntu yenna owomukkanisa owa bulijjo maye ekitone kye yasinga kukikuliza ku ssomero. Oluvannyuma yagenda mu situdiyo mu mwaka gwa 2003 omulundi gwe ogwasooka mu situudiyo naye teyakwataayo luyimba, naye kyeyasobola okufuna kyokka gemaloboozi g'ebivuga. Oluvannyuma A Pass yakomawo mu situdiyo oluvannyuma lw’emyaka mitono bwe yasisinkana mukwano gwe ayitibwa Eddy eyamukubiriza okwongera okuyimba mu ngeri ey’ekikugu. A Pass yatondawo enkolagana ey’amaanyi mu by’okuyimba ne Dave Dash mu kiseera ekyo eyali amanyiddwa nga A Dash era ababiri baakola ennyimba ez'enjawulo nga bali bombi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Apass {{!}} West Nile xpozed |url=https://www.westnilebiz.com/artist/10/apass |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=westnilexpozed.com}}</ref> Mu 2011, yasisinkana dayirekita wa vidiyo [[:lg:Lukyamuzi_Bashir|Lukyamuzi Bashir]] eyalaba ekitone kye [[South Syde]] mu situdiyo gyebayimbira. Bashir yatandika okumutwala mu situdiyo ez’enjawulo okwetoloola eggwanga n’okumwanjula mu bantu ab’enjawulo ab’amaanyi mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. Mu mwaka gwa 2012, BADI yazimba situdiyo y’okukwata ennyimba e Makindye eyitibwa Badi Musik Production. BADI yagenda mu maaso n’okwata vidiyo za A Pass mu 2013, ekyayongera amanyi mukutumbula ekitone kye. Mu kiseera kino A Pass eriko omukono era eddukanyizibwa kkampuni ya LLolypop Entertainment.<ref name=":0"/> A Pass akoze na bafulumya omuziki abawerako mu mutindo gwa Reggae ne Dancehall omuli Alex okuva e Jamaica (A.I.P), Black Spyda okuva e Jamaica, Nessim (Badi Musik), Baru (DustVille), Timo (Badi Musik), Just Jose (Swangz Avenue), [[:lg:Benon_Mugumbya|Benon Mugumbya]], (Swangz Avenue), Nash ( [[:lg:Swangz_Avenue|Swangz Avenue]] ), N'omugenzi Mac Elvis (South Syde), . Keyner (K Records), Samurae (Talent 256), Don (DustVille) n’abalala abawerako. A Pass egamba nti afuna okusikirizibwa okuva ku muziki omuli dancehall, reggae, Rnb, hip hop ne afro pop okuva mu bayimbi nga [[:lg:Michael_Jackson|Michael Jackson]], [[:lg:Lucky_Dube|Lucky Dube]], [[:lg:UB40|UB40]] n’abalala bangi. A Pass ekoze n’abayimbi ab’enjawulo omuli, [[:lg:A.Y._(musician)|A.Y. (omuyimbi)]], [[:lg:Radio_&_Weasel|Goodlyfe]] okuva mu Uganda ne [[:lg:Cinderella_Sanyu|Cinderella Sanyu]] n’abalala bangi.<ref>{{cite web |title=A Pass to release new video featuring AY and AirporTaxi soon |url=http://bigeye.ug/pass-release-new-video-featuring-ay-airportaxi-soon/ |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Bigeye.ug}}</ref> A Pass awandikidde [[:lg:Bebe_Cool|Bebe Cool]] enyimba<ref>{{cite web |title=Singer A Pass Pockets Shs2M For Bebe Cool's New Hit |url=http://xclusive.co.ug/2014/12/04/singer-pass-pockets-shs2m-bebe-cools-hit/ |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Xclusive.co.ug |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402130501/http://xclusive.co.ug/2014/12/04/singer-pass-pockets-shs2m-bebe-cools-hit/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> era yawandiise wamu ne Michael Ross oluyimba ‘Love I Feel’.<ref>{{cite web |title=Micheal Ross Opens Up About 'Love I Feel' - Chano8 |url=http://chano8.com/micheal-ross-opens-love-feel//\ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404100615/http://chano8.com/micheal-ross-opens-love-feel/ |archive-date=4 April 2015 |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Chano8 Digital Magazine}}</ref> Gye buvuddeko yafulumya oluyimba lwa ''Wuuyo'' oluyimba olutongole olwa firimu y'ekina Uganda [[:lg:Bala_Bala_Sese|Bala Bala Sese]] eyakolebwa [[:lg:Usama_Mukwaya|Usama Mukwaya]].<ref>{{cite web |title=A pass' Wuuyo Soundtrack For The Bala Bala Sese Movie - Chano8 |url=http://chano8.com/a-pass-wuuyo-soundtrack-for-the-bala-bala-sese-movie/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421164935/http://chano8.com/a-pass-wuuyo-soundtrack-for-the-bala-bala-sese-movie/ |archive-date=21 April 2016 |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Chano8 Digital Magazine}}</ref> A Pass amanyiddwa nnyo nga okukola ne mukwano gwe ne producer Nessim era ne producer wa vidiyo [[:lg:Lukyamuzi_Bashir|Lukyamuzi Bashir]] wansi w’ekitongole ekikuba ennyimba ekya Badi Musik. === Ekivvulu ekyasooka === Ogwolubereberye 31, 2025, A Pass yategeka ekivvulu kye ekyasooka nga ye yekka, (A Pass Live in Concert, 2025) ku [[wooteeri ya Kampala Serena]]. Omukolo guno gwaliko ennyimba ze ez’amaanyi era nga gwaliko bayimbi banne. Enteekateeka yatandika ku nkomerero ya 2024, n'okwegezaamu okwalimu bbandi ekuba layivu. == Olukalala lw'ennyimba zaakute ku ntambi == === Alubaamu === * Nva Kampala (2016) Omuntu w'abantu. * [[A Pass|Africa Yayo]] (2018) * Bagonza (2024) * [https://music.apple.com/ug/album/a-pass/1785177179 Apass] (2025) == Ennyimba ezitawera alubaamu (Singles) == Ezimu ku nnyimba za A Pass ezisinga okwettanirwa mulimu zino wammanga: * Didadada * Love Infection * Am loving * Am lovin Remix * Tulikubigere * KLA * Mumpulila * So loud * Burn OP * Nyenya Omugongo * Run Bou Ya * One Of A Kind * Bartender * Tetubatya * Wuuyo * Muliwa (we deyah) * So High * Wyne on Time * Yuh Don Know Mi * Take Time Off * Abantu * Sida Mukyalo == Ennyimba zaayimbye ne bayimbi banne abalala == === Ze yayimba n'abayimbi abalala === * ''Nah normal'' ne [[Abayimbiramu kibiina kye bayita 'Goodlyfe'|Radio & Weasel]] * ''Am Loving'' ne Don Mc ne [[Cindy Sanyu|Cinderella Sanyu]] * ''Flair'' yange ne Patrobas * ''Amatu Maggale'' ne Tasha Batabazi. * ''AIP Cyber'' nga erina AIP * ''Twala Obudde bw'okuwummula'' ne The Mith * ''Omukozi w'obuzibu'' ne Ekky * ''Ebijjukizo'' ne [[:lg:Lillian_Mbabazi|Lillian Mbabazi]] * ''GAMULULU REMIX Ft [[:lg:Konshens|Konshens]]''<ref>{{Cite news|author=Staff Writer|date=April 11, 2016|title=Facts & Review Of Gamululu Remix Video By A Pass And Konshens|pages=1|work=RedPepper|url=https://redpepper.co.ug/facts-review-of-gamululu-remix-video-by-a-pass-and-konshens/64159/|access-date=April 11, 2016}}</ref> Omusajja Omulala Omulala. * Face Me ne [[:lg:Azawi|Azawi]]<ref>{{Cite news|last=Josh|first=Ruby|date=October 10, 2021|title=Impressive! Azawi’s ‘African Music’ album already taking huge strides|pages=1|work=Mbu|url=https://mbu.ug/2021/10/10/impressive-azawis-african-music-album-already-taking-huge-strides/|access-date=October 10, 2021}}</ref> == Obukuubagano == Wabaddewo obutakkaanya obutaggwa wakati wa A Pass n'abayimbi abalala mu [[:lg:Uganda|Uganda]] . * Obutakanya ne [[:lg:Bebe_Cool|Bebe Cool]]<ref>{{cite web |author=Habre Muriisa |date=11 Aug 2017 |title=A Pass Speaks Out On Alleged Beef With Bebe Cool |url=http://chano8.com/pass-speaks-alleged-beef-bebe-cool/ |accessdate=29 March 2019 |publisher=Chano8 Digital Magazine |language=en |archive-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813002810/https://chano8.com/pass-speaks-alleged-beef-bebe-cool/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Olukalala lw'abayimbi Bannayuganda]] . == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia. == iq9lf99n3cfq221bf05lfo7l0cwd1d8 59326 59325 2026-07-06T14:02:34Z Ssebuufu 9882 Ntaddemu ettuluba 59326 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''<big>Alexander Bagonza</big>''', asingakumanyibwa n'erinnya lye erya siteegi '''A Pass''' (era eyali '''APassKiller''' ), muyimbi era muwandiisi wa nnyimba Munnayuganda. Yazaalibwa e [[:lg:Uganda|Uganda]] mu Gwekkumineebiri 21, 1989.<ref name="chano8.com2">{{cite web|url=http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|title=All You Need To Know About Rising Star A Pass|work=Chano8 Digital Magazine|accessdate=26 March 2015|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402025154/http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A Pass agamba nti erinnya lye erya siteegi liva mu Alexander erinnya lye erisooka ate Pass liva mu linnya lye eppaatiike, Percy.<ref>satisfashionug. "A Pass talks music fashion women and being cool". ''SatisFashion Uganda''. Retrieved 26 March 2015.</ref><ref>"Llolypop Records - Events Organisers, Promoters and Marketing". Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2015.</ref> == Obuto bwe n’okusoma kwe == A Pass yazaalibwa mu Gwekkumineebiri 21, 1989 era mwana waakubiri mu maka ga baana musanvu. Yasomera ku Kampala Kindergarten ku kusoma kwe okwa nasale, Nakasero Primary School ku kusoma kwe okwa pulayimale ne Merryland High Schools, ne St Lawrence Creamland ku ssomero lya siniya.<ref name="chano8.com">{{cite web|url=http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|title=All You Need To Know About Rising Star A Pass|work=Chano8 Digital Magazine|accessdate=26 March 2015|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402025154/http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Emirimu gy’okuyimba == A Pass yatandika okuyimba ng’omuntu yenna owomukkanisa owa bulijjo maye ekitone kye yasinga kukikuliza ku ssomero. Oluvannyuma yagenda mu situdiyo mu mwaka gwa 2003 omulundi gwe ogwasooka mu situudiyo naye teyakwataayo luyimba, naye kyeyasobola okufuna kyokka gemaloboozi g'ebivuga. Oluvannyuma A Pass yakomawo mu situdiyo oluvannyuma lw’emyaka mitono bwe yasisinkana mukwano gwe ayitibwa Eddy eyamukubiriza okwongera okuyimba mu ngeri ey’ekikugu. A Pass yatondawo enkolagana ey’amaanyi mu by’okuyimba ne Dave Dash mu kiseera ekyo eyali amanyiddwa nga A Dash era ababiri baakola ennyimba ez'enjawulo nga bali bombi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Apass {{!}} West Nile xpozed |url=https://www.westnilebiz.com/artist/10/apass |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=westnilexpozed.com}}</ref> Mu 2011, yasisinkana dayirekita wa vidiyo [[:lg:Lukyamuzi_Bashir|Lukyamuzi Bashir]] eyalaba ekitone kye [[South Syde]] mu situdiyo gyebayimbira. Bashir yatandika okumutwala mu situdiyo ez’enjawulo okwetoloola eggwanga n’okumwanjula mu bantu ab’enjawulo ab’amaanyi mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. Mu mwaka gwa 2012, BADI yazimba situdiyo y’okukwata ennyimba e Makindye eyitibwa Badi Musik Production. BADI yagenda mu maaso n’okwata vidiyo za A Pass mu 2013, ekyayongera amanyi mukutumbula ekitone kye. Mu kiseera kino A Pass eriko omukono era eddukanyizibwa kkampuni ya LLolypop Entertainment.<ref name=":0"/> A Pass akoze na bafulumya omuziki abawerako mu mutindo gwa Reggae ne Dancehall omuli Alex okuva e Jamaica (A.I.P), Black Spyda okuva e Jamaica, Nessim (Badi Musik), Baru (DustVille), Timo (Badi Musik), Just Jose (Swangz Avenue), [[:lg:Benon_Mugumbya|Benon Mugumbya]], (Swangz Avenue), Nash ( [[:lg:Swangz_Avenue|Swangz Avenue]] ), N'omugenzi Mac Elvis (South Syde), . Keyner (K Records), Samurae (Talent 256), Don (DustVille) n’abalala abawerako. A Pass egamba nti afuna okusikirizibwa okuva ku muziki omuli dancehall, reggae, Rnb, hip hop ne afro pop okuva mu bayimbi nga [[:lg:Michael_Jackson|Michael Jackson]], [[:lg:Lucky_Dube|Lucky Dube]], [[:lg:UB40|UB40]] n’abalala bangi. A Pass ekoze n’abayimbi ab’enjawulo omuli, [[:lg:A.Y._(musician)|A.Y. (omuyimbi)]], [[:lg:Radio_&_Weasel|Goodlyfe]] okuva mu Uganda ne [[:lg:Cinderella_Sanyu|Cinderella Sanyu]] n’abalala bangi.<ref>{{cite web |title=A Pass to release new video featuring AY and AirporTaxi soon |url=http://bigeye.ug/pass-release-new-video-featuring-ay-airportaxi-soon/ |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Bigeye.ug}}</ref> A Pass awandikidde [[:lg:Bebe_Cool|Bebe Cool]] enyimba<ref>{{cite web |title=Singer A Pass Pockets Shs2M For Bebe Cool's New Hit |url=http://xclusive.co.ug/2014/12/04/singer-pass-pockets-shs2m-bebe-cools-hit/ |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Xclusive.co.ug |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402130501/http://xclusive.co.ug/2014/12/04/singer-pass-pockets-shs2m-bebe-cools-hit/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> era yawandiise wamu ne Michael Ross oluyimba ‘Love I Feel’.<ref>{{cite web |title=Micheal Ross Opens Up About 'Love I Feel' - Chano8 |url=http://chano8.com/micheal-ross-opens-love-feel//\ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404100615/http://chano8.com/micheal-ross-opens-love-feel/ |archive-date=4 April 2015 |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Chano8 Digital Magazine}}</ref> Gye buvuddeko yafulumya oluyimba lwa ''Wuuyo'' oluyimba olutongole olwa firimu y'ekina Uganda [[:lg:Bala_Bala_Sese|Bala Bala Sese]] eyakolebwa [[:lg:Usama_Mukwaya|Usama Mukwaya]].<ref>{{cite web |title=A pass' Wuuyo Soundtrack For The Bala Bala Sese Movie - Chano8 |url=http://chano8.com/a-pass-wuuyo-soundtrack-for-the-bala-bala-sese-movie/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421164935/http://chano8.com/a-pass-wuuyo-soundtrack-for-the-bala-bala-sese-movie/ |archive-date=21 April 2016 |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Chano8 Digital Magazine}}</ref> A Pass amanyiddwa nnyo nga okukola ne mukwano gwe ne producer Nessim era ne producer wa vidiyo [[:lg:Lukyamuzi_Bashir|Lukyamuzi Bashir]] wansi w’ekitongole ekikuba ennyimba ekya Badi Musik. === Ekivvulu ekyasooka === Ogwolubereberye 31, 2025, A Pass yategeka ekivvulu kye ekyasooka nga ye yekka, (A Pass Live in Concert, 2025) ku [[wooteeri ya Kampala Serena]]. Omukolo guno gwaliko ennyimba ze ez’amaanyi era nga gwaliko bayimbi banne. Enteekateeka yatandika ku nkomerero ya 2024, n'okwegezaamu okwalimu bbandi ekuba layivu. == Olukalala lw'ennyimba zaakute ku ntambi == === Alubaamu === * Nva Kampala (2016) Omuntu w'abantu. * [[A Pass|Africa Yayo]] (2018) * Bagonza (2024) * [https://music.apple.com/ug/album/a-pass/1785177179 Apass] (2025) == Ennyimba ezitawera alubaamu (Singles) == Ezimu ku nnyimba za A Pass ezisinga okwettanirwa mulimu zino wammanga: * Didadada * Love Infection * Am loving * Am lovin Remix * Tulikubigere * KLA * Mumpulila * So loud * Burn OP * Nyenya Omugongo * Run Bou Ya * One Of A Kind * Bartender * Tetubatya * Wuuyo * Muliwa (we deyah) * So High * Wyne on Time * Yuh Don Know Mi * Take Time Off * Abantu * Sida Mukyalo == Ennyimba zaayimbye ne bayimbi banne abalala == === Ze yayimba n'abayimbi abalala === * ''Nah normal'' ne [[Abayimbiramu kibiina kye bayita 'Goodlyfe'|Radio & Weasel]] * ''Am Loving'' ne Don Mc ne [[Cindy Sanyu|Cinderella Sanyu]] * ''Flair'' yange ne Patrobas * ''Amatu Maggale'' ne Tasha Batabazi. * ''AIP Cyber'' nga erina AIP * ''Twala Obudde bw'okuwummula'' ne The Mith * ''Omukozi w'obuzibu'' ne Ekky * ''Ebijjukizo'' ne [[:lg:Lillian_Mbabazi|Lillian Mbabazi]] * ''GAMULULU REMIX Ft [[:lg:Konshens|Konshens]]''<ref>{{Cite news|author=Staff Writer|date=April 11, 2016|title=Facts & Review Of Gamululu Remix Video By A Pass And Konshens|pages=1|work=RedPepper|url=https://redpepper.co.ug/facts-review-of-gamululu-remix-video-by-a-pass-and-konshens/64159/|access-date=April 11, 2016}}</ref> Omusajja Omulala Omulala. * Face Me ne [[:lg:Azawi|Azawi]]<ref>{{Cite news|last=Josh|first=Ruby|date=October 10, 2021|title=Impressive! Azawi’s ‘African Music’ album already taking huge strides|pages=1|work=Mbu|url=https://mbu.ug/2021/10/10/impressive-azawis-african-music-album-already-taking-huge-strides/|access-date=October 10, 2021}}</ref> == Obukuubagano == Wabaddewo obutakkaanya obutaggwa wakati wa A Pass n'abayimbi abalala mu [[:lg:Uganda|Uganda]] . * Obutakanya ne [[:lg:Bebe_Cool|Bebe Cool]]<ref>{{cite web |author=Habre Muriisa |date=11 Aug 2017 |title=A Pass Speaks Out On Alleged Beef With Bebe Cool |url=http://chano8.com/pass-speaks-alleged-beef-bebe-cool/ |accessdate=29 March 2019 |publisher=Chano8 Digital Magazine |language=en |archive-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813002810/https://chano8.com/pass-speaks-alleged-beef-bebe-cool/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Olukalala lw'abayimbi Bannayuganda]] . == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia. == kv6dyaxyhpc2no7j0r9emi9lif5foj7 59327 59326 2026-07-06T14:04:57Z Ssebuufu 9882 Ntaddemu ettuluba 59327 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''<big>Alexander Bagonza</big>''', asingakumanyibwa n'erinnya lye erya siteegi '''A Pass''' (era eyali '''APassKiller''' ), muyimbi era muwandiisi wa nnyimba Munnayuganda. Yazaalibwa e [[:lg:Uganda|Uganda]] mu Gwekkumineebiri 21, 1989.<ref name="chano8.com2">{{cite web|url=http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|title=All You Need To Know About Rising Star A Pass|work=Chano8 Digital Magazine|accessdate=26 March 2015|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402025154/http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A Pass agamba nti erinnya lye erya siteegi liva mu Alexander erinnya lye erisooka ate Pass liva mu linnya lye eppaatiike, Percy.<ref>satisfashionug. "A Pass talks music fashion women and being cool". ''SatisFashion Uganda''. Retrieved 26 March 2015.</ref><ref>"Llolypop Records - Events Organisers, Promoters and Marketing". Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2015.</ref> == Obuto bwe n’okusoma kwe == A Pass yazaalibwa mu Gwekkumineebiri 21, 1989 era mwana waakubiri mu maka ga baana musanvu. Yasomera ku Kampala Kindergarten ku kusoma kwe okwa nasale, Nakasero Primary School ku kusoma kwe okwa pulayimale ne Merryland High Schools, ne St Lawrence Creamland ku ssomero lya siniya.<ref name="chano8.com">{{cite web|url=http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|title=All You Need To Know About Rising Star A Pass|work=Chano8 Digital Magazine|accessdate=26 March 2015|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402025154/http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Emirimu gy’okuyimba == A Pass yatandika okuyimba ng’omuntu yenna owomukkanisa owa bulijjo maye ekitone kye yasinga kukikuliza ku ssomero. Oluvannyuma yagenda mu situdiyo mu mwaka gwa 2003 omulundi gwe ogwasooka mu situudiyo naye teyakwataayo luyimba, naye kyeyasobola okufuna kyokka gemaloboozi g'ebivuga. Oluvannyuma A Pass yakomawo mu situdiyo oluvannyuma lw’emyaka mitono bwe yasisinkana mukwano gwe ayitibwa Eddy eyamukubiriza okwongera okuyimba mu ngeri ey’ekikugu. A Pass yatondawo enkolagana ey’amaanyi mu by’okuyimba ne Dave Dash mu kiseera ekyo eyali amanyiddwa nga A Dash era ababiri baakola ennyimba ez'enjawulo nga bali bombi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Apass {{!}} West Nile xpozed |url=https://www.westnilebiz.com/artist/10/apass |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=westnilexpozed.com}}</ref> Mu 2011, yasisinkana dayirekita wa vidiyo [[:lg:Lukyamuzi_Bashir|Lukyamuzi Bashir]] eyalaba ekitone kye [[South Syde]] mu situdiyo gyebayimbira. Bashir yatandika okumutwala mu situdiyo ez’enjawulo okwetoloola eggwanga n’okumwanjula mu bantu ab’enjawulo ab’amaanyi mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. Mu mwaka gwa 2012, BADI yazimba situdiyo y’okukwata ennyimba e Makindye eyitibwa Badi Musik Production. BADI yagenda mu maaso n’okwata vidiyo za A Pass mu 2013, ekyayongera amanyi mukutumbula ekitone kye. Mu kiseera kino A Pass eriko omukono era eddukanyizibwa kkampuni ya LLolypop Entertainment.<ref name=":0"/> A Pass akoze na bafulumya omuziki abawerako mu mutindo gwa Reggae ne Dancehall omuli Alex okuva e Jamaica (A.I.P), Black Spyda okuva e Jamaica, Nessim (Badi Musik), Baru (DustVille), Timo (Badi Musik), Just Jose (Swangz Avenue), [[:lg:Benon_Mugumbya|Benon Mugumbya]], (Swangz Avenue), Nash ( [[:lg:Swangz_Avenue|Swangz Avenue]] ), N'omugenzi Mac Elvis (South Syde), . Keyner (K Records), Samurae (Talent 256), Don (DustVille) n’abalala abawerako. A Pass egamba nti afuna okusikirizibwa okuva ku muziki omuli dancehall, reggae, Rnb, hip hop ne afro pop okuva mu bayimbi nga [[:lg:Michael_Jackson|Michael Jackson]], [[:lg:Lucky_Dube|Lucky Dube]], [[:lg:UB40|UB40]] n’abalala bangi. A Pass ekoze n’abayimbi ab’enjawulo omuli, [[:lg:A.Y._(musician)|A.Y. (omuyimbi)]], [[:lg:Radio_&_Weasel|Goodlyfe]] okuva mu Uganda ne [[:lg:Cinderella_Sanyu|Cinderella Sanyu]] n’abalala bangi.<ref>{{cite web |title=A Pass to release new video featuring AY and AirporTaxi soon |url=http://bigeye.ug/pass-release-new-video-featuring-ay-airportaxi-soon/ |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Bigeye.ug}}</ref> A Pass awandikidde [[:lg:Bebe_Cool|Bebe Cool]] enyimba<ref>{{cite web |title=Singer A Pass Pockets Shs2M For Bebe Cool's New Hit |url=http://xclusive.co.ug/2014/12/04/singer-pass-pockets-shs2m-bebe-cools-hit/ |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Xclusive.co.ug |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402130501/http://xclusive.co.ug/2014/12/04/singer-pass-pockets-shs2m-bebe-cools-hit/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> era yawandiise wamu ne Michael Ross oluyimba ‘Love I Feel’.<ref>{{cite web |title=Micheal Ross Opens Up About 'Love I Feel' - Chano8 |url=http://chano8.com/micheal-ross-opens-love-feel//\ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404100615/http://chano8.com/micheal-ross-opens-love-feel/ |archive-date=4 April 2015 |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Chano8 Digital Magazine}}</ref> Gye buvuddeko yafulumya oluyimba lwa ''Wuuyo'' oluyimba olutongole olwa firimu y'ekina Uganda [[:lg:Bala_Bala_Sese|Bala Bala Sese]] eyakolebwa [[:lg:Usama_Mukwaya|Usama Mukwaya]].<ref>{{cite web |title=A pass' Wuuyo Soundtrack For The Bala Bala Sese Movie - Chano8 |url=http://chano8.com/a-pass-wuuyo-soundtrack-for-the-bala-bala-sese-movie/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421164935/http://chano8.com/a-pass-wuuyo-soundtrack-for-the-bala-bala-sese-movie/ |archive-date=21 April 2016 |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Chano8 Digital Magazine}}</ref> A Pass amanyiddwa nnyo nga okukola ne mukwano gwe ne producer Nessim era ne producer wa vidiyo [[:lg:Lukyamuzi_Bashir|Lukyamuzi Bashir]] wansi w’ekitongole ekikuba ennyimba ekya Badi Musik. === Ekivvulu ekyasooka === Ogwolubereberye 31, 2025, A Pass yategeka ekivvulu kye ekyasooka nga ye yekka, (A Pass Live in Concert, 2025) ku [[wooteeri ya Kampala Serena]]. Omukolo guno gwaliko ennyimba ze ez’amaanyi era nga gwaliko bayimbi banne. Enteekateeka yatandika ku nkomerero ya 2024, n'okwegezaamu okwalimu bbandi ekuba layivu. == Olukalala lw'ennyimba zaakute ku ntambi == === Alubaamu === * Nva Kampala (2016) Omuntu w'abantu. * [[A Pass|Africa Yayo]] (2018) * Bagonza (2024) * [https://music.apple.com/ug/album/a-pass/1785177179 Apass] (2025) == Ennyimba ezitawera alubaamu (Singles) == Ezimu ku nnyimba za A Pass ezisinga okwettanirwa mulimu zino wammanga: * Didadada * Love Infection * Am loving * Am lovin Remix * Tulikubigere * KLA * Mumpulila * So loud * Burn OP * Nyenya Omugongo * Run Bou Ya * One Of A Kind * Bartender * Tetubatya * Wuuyo * Muliwa (we deyah) * So High * Wyne on Time * Yuh Don Know Mi * Take Time Off * Abantu * Sida Mukyalo == Ennyimba zaayimbye ne bayimbi banne abalala == === Ze yayimba n'abayimbi abalala === * ''Nah normal'' ne [[Abayimbiramu kibiina kye bayita 'Goodlyfe'|Radio & Weasel]] * ''Am Loving'' ne Don Mc ne [[Cindy Sanyu|Cinderella Sanyu]] * ''Flair'' yange ne Patrobas * ''Amatu Maggale'' ne Tasha Batabazi. * ''AIP Cyber'' nga erina AIP * ''Twala Obudde bw'okuwummula'' ne The Mith * ''Omukozi w'obuzibu'' ne Ekky * ''Ebijjukizo'' ne [[:lg:Lillian_Mbabazi|Lillian Mbabazi]] * ''GAMULULU REMIX Ft [[:lg:Konshens|Konshens]]''<ref>{{Cite news|author=Staff Writer|date=April 11, 2016|title=Facts & Review Of Gamululu Remix Video By A Pass And Konshens|pages=1|work=RedPepper|url=https://redpepper.co.ug/facts-review-of-gamululu-remix-video-by-a-pass-and-konshens/64159/|access-date=April 11, 2016}}</ref> Omusajja Omulala Omulala. * Face Me ne [[:lg:Azawi|Azawi]]<ref>{{Cite news|last=Josh|first=Ruby|date=October 10, 2021|title=Impressive! Azawi’s ‘African Music’ album already taking huge strides|pages=1|work=Mbu|url=https://mbu.ug/2021/10/10/impressive-azawis-african-music-album-already-taking-huge-strides/|access-date=October 10, 2021}}</ref> == Obukuubagano == Wabaddewo obutakkaanya obutaggwa wakati wa A Pass n'abayimbi abalala mu [[:lg:Uganda|Uganda]] . * Obutakanya ne [[:lg:Bebe_Cool|Bebe Cool]]<ref>{{cite web |author=Habre Muriisa |date=11 Aug 2017 |title=A Pass Speaks Out On Alleged Beef With Bebe Cool |url=http://chano8.com/pass-speaks-alleged-beef-bebe-cool/ |accessdate=29 March 2019 |publisher=Chano8 Digital Magazine |language=en |archive-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813002810/https://chano8.com/pass-speaks-alleged-beef-bebe-cool/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Olukalala lw'abayimbi Bannayuganda]] . == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia. == [[Category:Abayimbi Bannayuganda abasajja ab'ekyasa ky'amakumi abiri mwekimu]] sgiid1mpz3kky4m95wzfkvl3bacj3kn 59328 59327 2026-07-06T14:06:45Z Ssebuufu 9882 /* Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia. */ 59328 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''<big>Alexander Bagonza</big>''', asingakumanyibwa n'erinnya lye erya siteegi '''A Pass''' (era eyali '''APassKiller''' ), muyimbi era muwandiisi wa nnyimba Munnayuganda. Yazaalibwa e [[:lg:Uganda|Uganda]] mu Gwekkumineebiri 21, 1989.<ref name="chano8.com2">{{cite web|url=http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|title=All You Need To Know About Rising Star A Pass|work=Chano8 Digital Magazine|accessdate=26 March 2015|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402025154/http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A Pass agamba nti erinnya lye erya siteegi liva mu Alexander erinnya lye erisooka ate Pass liva mu linnya lye eppaatiike, Percy.<ref>satisfashionug. "A Pass talks music fashion women and being cool". ''SatisFashion Uganda''. Retrieved 26 March 2015.</ref><ref>"Llolypop Records - Events Organisers, Promoters and Marketing". Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2015.</ref> == Obuto bwe n’okusoma kwe == A Pass yazaalibwa mu Gwekkumineebiri 21, 1989 era mwana waakubiri mu maka ga baana musanvu. Yasomera ku Kampala Kindergarten ku kusoma kwe okwa nasale, Nakasero Primary School ku kusoma kwe okwa pulayimale ne Merryland High Schools, ne St Lawrence Creamland ku ssomero lya siniya.<ref name="chano8.com">{{cite web|url=http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|title=All You Need To Know About Rising Star A Pass|work=Chano8 Digital Magazine|accessdate=26 March 2015|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402025154/http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Emirimu gy’okuyimba == A Pass yatandika okuyimba ng’omuntu yenna owomukkanisa owa bulijjo maye ekitone kye yasinga kukikuliza ku ssomero. Oluvannyuma yagenda mu situdiyo mu mwaka gwa 2003 omulundi gwe ogwasooka mu situudiyo naye teyakwataayo luyimba, naye kyeyasobola okufuna kyokka gemaloboozi g'ebivuga. Oluvannyuma A Pass yakomawo mu situdiyo oluvannyuma lw’emyaka mitono bwe yasisinkana mukwano gwe ayitibwa Eddy eyamukubiriza okwongera okuyimba mu ngeri ey’ekikugu. A Pass yatondawo enkolagana ey’amaanyi mu by’okuyimba ne Dave Dash mu kiseera ekyo eyali amanyiddwa nga A Dash era ababiri baakola ennyimba ez'enjawulo nga bali bombi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Apass {{!}} West Nile xpozed |url=https://www.westnilebiz.com/artist/10/apass |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=westnilexpozed.com}}</ref> Mu 2011, yasisinkana dayirekita wa vidiyo [[:lg:Lukyamuzi_Bashir|Lukyamuzi Bashir]] eyalaba ekitone kye [[South Syde]] mu situdiyo gyebayimbira. Bashir yatandika okumutwala mu situdiyo ez’enjawulo okwetoloola eggwanga n’okumwanjula mu bantu ab’enjawulo ab’amaanyi mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. Mu mwaka gwa 2012, BADI yazimba situdiyo y’okukwata ennyimba e Makindye eyitibwa Badi Musik Production. BADI yagenda mu maaso n’okwata vidiyo za A Pass mu 2013, ekyayongera amanyi mukutumbula ekitone kye. Mu kiseera kino A Pass eriko omukono era eddukanyizibwa kkampuni ya LLolypop Entertainment.<ref name=":0"/> A Pass akoze na bafulumya omuziki abawerako mu mutindo gwa Reggae ne Dancehall omuli Alex okuva e Jamaica (A.I.P), Black Spyda okuva e Jamaica, Nessim (Badi Musik), Baru (DustVille), Timo (Badi Musik), Just Jose (Swangz Avenue), [[:lg:Benon_Mugumbya|Benon Mugumbya]], (Swangz Avenue), Nash ( [[:lg:Swangz_Avenue|Swangz Avenue]] ), N'omugenzi Mac Elvis (South Syde), . Keyner (K Records), Samurae (Talent 256), Don (DustVille) n’abalala abawerako. A Pass egamba nti afuna okusikirizibwa okuva ku muziki omuli dancehall, reggae, Rnb, hip hop ne afro pop okuva mu bayimbi nga [[:lg:Michael_Jackson|Michael Jackson]], [[:lg:Lucky_Dube|Lucky Dube]], [[:lg:UB40|UB40]] n’abalala bangi. A Pass ekoze n’abayimbi ab’enjawulo omuli, [[:lg:A.Y._(musician)|A.Y. (omuyimbi)]], [[:lg:Radio_&_Weasel|Goodlyfe]] okuva mu Uganda ne [[:lg:Cinderella_Sanyu|Cinderella Sanyu]] n’abalala bangi.<ref>{{cite web |title=A Pass to release new video featuring AY and AirporTaxi soon |url=http://bigeye.ug/pass-release-new-video-featuring-ay-airportaxi-soon/ |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Bigeye.ug}}</ref> A Pass awandikidde [[:lg:Bebe_Cool|Bebe Cool]] enyimba<ref>{{cite web |title=Singer A Pass Pockets Shs2M For Bebe Cool's New Hit |url=http://xclusive.co.ug/2014/12/04/singer-pass-pockets-shs2m-bebe-cools-hit/ |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Xclusive.co.ug |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402130501/http://xclusive.co.ug/2014/12/04/singer-pass-pockets-shs2m-bebe-cools-hit/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> era yawandiise wamu ne Michael Ross oluyimba ‘Love I Feel’.<ref>{{cite web |title=Micheal Ross Opens Up About 'Love I Feel' - Chano8 |url=http://chano8.com/micheal-ross-opens-love-feel//\ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404100615/http://chano8.com/micheal-ross-opens-love-feel/ |archive-date=4 April 2015 |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Chano8 Digital Magazine}}</ref> Gye buvuddeko yafulumya oluyimba lwa ''Wuuyo'' oluyimba olutongole olwa firimu y'ekina Uganda [[:lg:Bala_Bala_Sese|Bala Bala Sese]] eyakolebwa [[:lg:Usama_Mukwaya|Usama Mukwaya]].<ref>{{cite web |title=A pass' Wuuyo Soundtrack For The Bala Bala Sese Movie - Chano8 |url=http://chano8.com/a-pass-wuuyo-soundtrack-for-the-bala-bala-sese-movie/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421164935/http://chano8.com/a-pass-wuuyo-soundtrack-for-the-bala-bala-sese-movie/ |archive-date=21 April 2016 |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Chano8 Digital Magazine}}</ref> A Pass amanyiddwa nnyo nga okukola ne mukwano gwe ne producer Nessim era ne producer wa vidiyo [[:lg:Lukyamuzi_Bashir|Lukyamuzi Bashir]] wansi w’ekitongole ekikuba ennyimba ekya Badi Musik. === Ekivvulu ekyasooka === Ogwolubereberye 31, 2025, A Pass yategeka ekivvulu kye ekyasooka nga ye yekka, (A Pass Live in Concert, 2025) ku [[wooteeri ya Kampala Serena]]. Omukolo guno gwaliko ennyimba ze ez’amaanyi era nga gwaliko bayimbi banne. Enteekateeka yatandika ku nkomerero ya 2024, n'okwegezaamu okwalimu bbandi ekuba layivu. == Olukalala lw'ennyimba zaakute ku ntambi == === Alubaamu === * Nva Kampala (2016) Omuntu w'abantu. * [[A Pass|Africa Yayo]] (2018) * Bagonza (2024) * [https://music.apple.com/ug/album/a-pass/1785177179 Apass] (2025) == Ennyimba ezitawera alubaamu (Singles) == Ezimu ku nnyimba za A Pass ezisinga okwettanirwa mulimu zino wammanga: * Didadada * Love Infection * Am loving * Am lovin Remix * Tulikubigere * KLA * Mumpulila * So loud * Burn OP * Nyenya Omugongo * Run Bou Ya * One Of A Kind * Bartender * Tetubatya * Wuuyo * Muliwa (we deyah) * So High * Wyne on Time * Yuh Don Know Mi * Take Time Off * Abantu * Sida Mukyalo == Ennyimba zaayimbye ne bayimbi banne abalala == === Ze yayimba n'abayimbi abalala === * ''Nah normal'' ne [[Abayimbiramu kibiina kye bayita 'Goodlyfe'|Radio & Weasel]] * ''Am Loving'' ne Don Mc ne [[Cindy Sanyu|Cinderella Sanyu]] * ''Flair'' yange ne Patrobas * ''Amatu Maggale'' ne Tasha Batabazi. * ''AIP Cyber'' nga erina AIP * ''Twala Obudde bw'okuwummula'' ne The Mith * ''Omukozi w'obuzibu'' ne Ekky * ''Ebijjukizo'' ne [[:lg:Lillian_Mbabazi|Lillian Mbabazi]] * ''GAMULULU REMIX Ft [[:lg:Konshens|Konshens]]''<ref>{{Cite news|author=Staff Writer|date=April 11, 2016|title=Facts & Review Of Gamululu Remix Video By A Pass And Konshens|pages=1|work=RedPepper|url=https://redpepper.co.ug/facts-review-of-gamululu-remix-video-by-a-pass-and-konshens/64159/|access-date=April 11, 2016}}</ref> Omusajja Omulala Omulala. * Face Me ne [[:lg:Azawi|Azawi]]<ref>{{Cite news|last=Josh|first=Ruby|date=October 10, 2021|title=Impressive! Azawi’s ‘African Music’ album already taking huge strides|pages=1|work=Mbu|url=https://mbu.ug/2021/10/10/impressive-azawis-african-music-album-already-taking-huge-strides/|access-date=October 10, 2021}}</ref> == Obukuubagano == Wabaddewo obutakkaanya obutaggwa wakati wa A Pass n'abayimbi abalala mu [[:lg:Uganda|Uganda]] . * Obutakanya ne [[:lg:Bebe_Cool|Bebe Cool]]<ref>{{cite web |author=Habre Muriisa |date=11 Aug 2017 |title=A Pass Speaks Out On Alleged Beef With Bebe Cool |url=http://chano8.com/pass-speaks-alleged-beef-bebe-cool/ |accessdate=29 March 2019 |publisher=Chano8 Digital Magazine |language=en |archive-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813002810/https://chano8.com/pass-speaks-alleged-beef-bebe-cool/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Olukalala lw'abayimbi Bannayuganda]] . == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia. == * [[Ekibanja ky'omutimbagano ekitongole]] [[Category:Abayimbi Bannayuganda abasajja ab'ekyasa ky'amakumi abiri mwekimu]] dxjbx0ttdgforec1r2q28hpg740sec9 59331 59328 2026-07-06T14:22:49Z Ssebuufu 9882 Ngasseeko ettuluba 59331 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''<big>Alexander Bagonza</big>''', asingakumanyibwa n'erinnya lye erya siteegi '''A Pass''' (era eyali '''APassKiller''' ), muyimbi era muwandiisi wa nnyimba Munnayuganda. Yazaalibwa e [[:lg:Uganda|Uganda]] mu Gwekkumineebiri 21, 1989.<ref name="chano8.com2">{{cite web|url=http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|title=All You Need To Know About Rising Star A Pass|work=Chano8 Digital Magazine|accessdate=26 March 2015|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402025154/http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A Pass agamba nti erinnya lye erya siteegi liva mu Alexander erinnya lye erisooka ate Pass liva mu linnya lye eppaatiike, Percy.<ref>satisfashionug. "A Pass talks music fashion women and being cool". ''SatisFashion Uganda''. Retrieved 26 March 2015.</ref><ref>"Llolypop Records - Events Organisers, Promoters and Marketing". Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2015.</ref> == Obuto bwe n’okusoma kwe == A Pass yazaalibwa mu Gwekkumineebiri 21, 1989 era mwana waakubiri mu maka ga baana musanvu. Yasomera ku Kampala Kindergarten ku kusoma kwe okwa nasale, Nakasero Primary School ku kusoma kwe okwa pulayimale ne Merryland High Schools, ne St Lawrence Creamland ku ssomero lya siniya.<ref name="chano8.com">{{cite web|url=http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|title=All You Need To Know About Rising Star A Pass|work=Chano8 Digital Magazine|accessdate=26 March 2015|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402025154/http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Emirimu gy’okuyimba == A Pass yatandika okuyimba ng’omuntu yenna owomukkanisa owa bulijjo maye ekitone kye yasinga kukikuliza ku ssomero. Oluvannyuma yagenda mu situdiyo mu mwaka gwa 2003 omulundi gwe ogwasooka mu situudiyo naye teyakwataayo luyimba, naye kyeyasobola okufuna kyokka gemaloboozi g'ebivuga. Oluvannyuma A Pass yakomawo mu situdiyo oluvannyuma lw’emyaka mitono bwe yasisinkana mukwano gwe ayitibwa Eddy eyamukubiriza okwongera okuyimba mu ngeri ey’ekikugu. A Pass yatondawo enkolagana ey’amaanyi mu by’okuyimba ne Dave Dash mu kiseera ekyo eyali amanyiddwa nga A Dash era ababiri baakola ennyimba ez'enjawulo nga bali bombi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Apass {{!}} West Nile xpozed |url=https://www.westnilebiz.com/artist/10/apass |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=westnilexpozed.com}}</ref> Mu 2011, yasisinkana dayirekita wa vidiyo [[:lg:Lukyamuzi_Bashir|Lukyamuzi Bashir]] eyalaba ekitone kye [[South Syde]] mu situdiyo gyebayimbira. Bashir yatandika okumutwala mu situdiyo ez’enjawulo okwetoloola eggwanga n’okumwanjula mu bantu ab’enjawulo ab’amaanyi mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. Mu mwaka gwa 2012, BADI yazimba situdiyo y’okukwata ennyimba e Makindye eyitibwa Badi Musik Production. BADI yagenda mu maaso n’okwata vidiyo za A Pass mu 2013, ekyayongera amanyi mukutumbula ekitone kye. Mu kiseera kino A Pass eriko omukono era eddukanyizibwa kkampuni ya LLolypop Entertainment.<ref name=":0"/> A Pass akoze na bafulumya omuziki abawerako mu mutindo gwa Reggae ne Dancehall omuli Alex okuva e Jamaica (A.I.P), Black Spyda okuva e Jamaica, Nessim (Badi Musik), Baru (DustVille), Timo (Badi Musik), Just Jose (Swangz Avenue), [[:lg:Benon_Mugumbya|Benon Mugumbya]], (Swangz Avenue), Nash ( [[:lg:Swangz_Avenue|Swangz Avenue]] ), N'omugenzi Mac Elvis (South Syde), . Keyner (K Records), Samurae (Talent 256), Don (DustVille) n’abalala abawerako. A Pass egamba nti afuna okusikirizibwa okuva ku muziki omuli dancehall, reggae, Rnb, hip hop ne afro pop okuva mu bayimbi nga [[:lg:Michael_Jackson|Michael Jackson]], [[:lg:Lucky_Dube|Lucky Dube]], [[:lg:UB40|UB40]] n’abalala bangi. A Pass ekoze n’abayimbi ab’enjawulo omuli, [[:lg:A.Y._(musician)|A.Y. (omuyimbi)]], [[:lg:Radio_&_Weasel|Goodlyfe]] okuva mu Uganda ne [[:lg:Cinderella_Sanyu|Cinderella Sanyu]] n’abalala bangi.<ref>{{cite web |title=A Pass to release new video featuring AY and AirporTaxi soon |url=http://bigeye.ug/pass-release-new-video-featuring-ay-airportaxi-soon/ |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Bigeye.ug}}</ref> A Pass awandikidde [[:lg:Bebe_Cool|Bebe Cool]] enyimba<ref>{{cite web |title=Singer A Pass Pockets Shs2M For Bebe Cool's New Hit |url=http://xclusive.co.ug/2014/12/04/singer-pass-pockets-shs2m-bebe-cools-hit/ |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Xclusive.co.ug |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402130501/http://xclusive.co.ug/2014/12/04/singer-pass-pockets-shs2m-bebe-cools-hit/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> era yawandiise wamu ne Michael Ross oluyimba ‘Love I Feel’.<ref>{{cite web |title=Micheal Ross Opens Up About 'Love I Feel' - Chano8 |url=http://chano8.com/micheal-ross-opens-love-feel//\ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404100615/http://chano8.com/micheal-ross-opens-love-feel/ |archive-date=4 April 2015 |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Chano8 Digital Magazine}}</ref> Gye buvuddeko yafulumya oluyimba lwa ''Wuuyo'' oluyimba olutongole olwa firimu y'ekina Uganda [[:lg:Bala_Bala_Sese|Bala Bala Sese]] eyakolebwa [[:lg:Usama_Mukwaya|Usama Mukwaya]].<ref>{{cite web |title=A pass' Wuuyo Soundtrack For The Bala Bala Sese Movie - Chano8 |url=http://chano8.com/a-pass-wuuyo-soundtrack-for-the-bala-bala-sese-movie/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421164935/http://chano8.com/a-pass-wuuyo-soundtrack-for-the-bala-bala-sese-movie/ |archive-date=21 April 2016 |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Chano8 Digital Magazine}}</ref> A Pass amanyiddwa nnyo nga okukola ne mukwano gwe ne producer Nessim era ne producer wa vidiyo [[:lg:Lukyamuzi_Bashir|Lukyamuzi Bashir]] wansi w’ekitongole ekikuba ennyimba ekya Badi Musik. === Ekivvulu ekyasooka === Ogwolubereberye 31, 2025, A Pass yategeka ekivvulu kye ekyasooka nga ye yekka, (A Pass Live in Concert, 2025) ku [[wooteeri ya Kampala Serena]]. Omukolo guno gwaliko ennyimba ze ez’amaanyi era nga gwaliko bayimbi banne. Enteekateeka yatandika ku nkomerero ya 2024, n'okwegezaamu okwalimu bbandi ekuba layivu. == Olukalala lw'ennyimba zaakute ku ntambi == === Alubaamu === * Nva Kampala (2016) Omuntu w'abantu. * [[A Pass|Africa Yayo]] (2018) * Bagonza (2024) * [https://music.apple.com/ug/album/a-pass/1785177179 Apass] (2025) == Ennyimba ezitawera alubaamu (Singles) == Ezimu ku nnyimba za A Pass ezisinga okwettanirwa mulimu zino wammanga: * Didadada * Love Infection * Am loving * Am lovin Remix * Tulikubigere * KLA * Mumpulila * So loud * Burn OP * Nyenya Omugongo * Run Bou Ya * One Of A Kind * Bartender * Tetubatya * Wuuyo * Muliwa (we deyah) * So High * Wyne on Time * Yuh Don Know Mi * Take Time Off * Abantu * Sida Mukyalo == Ennyimba zaayimbye ne bayimbi banne abalala == === Ze yayimba n'abayimbi abalala === * ''Nah normal'' ne [[Abayimbiramu kibiina kye bayita 'Goodlyfe'|Radio & Weasel]] * ''Am Loving'' ne Don Mc ne [[Cindy Sanyu|Cinderella Sanyu]] * ''Flair'' yange ne Patrobas * ''Amatu Maggale'' ne Tasha Batabazi. * ''AIP Cyber'' nga erina AIP * ''Twala Obudde bw'okuwummula'' ne The Mith * ''Omukozi w'obuzibu'' ne Ekky * ''Ebijjukizo'' ne [[:lg:Lillian_Mbabazi|Lillian Mbabazi]] * ''GAMULULU REMIX Ft [[:lg:Konshens|Konshens]]''<ref>{{Cite news|author=Staff Writer|date=April 11, 2016|title=Facts & Review Of Gamululu Remix Video By A Pass And Konshens|pages=1|work=RedPepper|url=https://redpepper.co.ug/facts-review-of-gamululu-remix-video-by-a-pass-and-konshens/64159/|access-date=April 11, 2016}}</ref> Omusajja Omulala Omulala. * Face Me ne [[:lg:Azawi|Azawi]]<ref>{{Cite news|last=Josh|first=Ruby|date=October 10, 2021|title=Impressive! Azawi’s ‘African Music’ album already taking huge strides|pages=1|work=Mbu|url=https://mbu.ug/2021/10/10/impressive-azawis-african-music-album-already-taking-huge-strides/|access-date=October 10, 2021}}</ref> == Obukuubagano == Wabaddewo obutakkaanya obutaggwa wakati wa A Pass n'abayimbi abalala mu [[:lg:Uganda|Uganda]] . * Obutakanya ne [[:lg:Bebe_Cool|Bebe Cool]]<ref>{{cite web |author=Habre Muriisa |date=11 Aug 2017 |title=A Pass Speaks Out On Alleged Beef With Bebe Cool |url=http://chano8.com/pass-speaks-alleged-beef-bebe-cool/ |accessdate=29 March 2019 |publisher=Chano8 Digital Magazine |language=en |archive-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813002810/https://chano8.com/pass-speaks-alleged-beef-bebe-cool/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Olukalala lw'abayimbi Bannayuganda]] . == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia. == * [[Ekibanja ky'omutimbagano ekitongole]] [[Category:Abayimbi Bannayuganda abasajja ab'ekyasa ky'amakumi abiri mwekimu]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] 3bo4vmzddllie4qz75iptca1y51kc7q 59332 59331 2026-07-06T14:24:28Z Ssebuufu 9882 59332 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''<big>Alexander Bagonza</big>''', asingakumanyibwa n'erinnya lye erya siteegi '''A Pass''' (era eyali '''APassKiller''' ), muyimbi era muwandiisi wa nnyimba Munnayuganda. Yazaalibwa e [[:lg:Uganda|Uganda]] mu Gwekkumineebiri 21, 1989.<ref name="chano8.com2">{{cite web|url=http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|title=All You Need To Know About Rising Star A Pass|work=Chano8 Digital Magazine|accessdate=26 March 2015|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402025154/http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A Pass agamba nti erinnya lye erya siteegi liva mu Alexander erinnya lye erisooka ate Pass liva mu linnya lye eppaatiike, Percy.<ref>satisfashionug. "A Pass talks music fashion women and being cool". ''SatisFashion Uganda''. Retrieved 26 March 2015.</ref><ref>"Llolypop Records - Events Organisers, Promoters and Marketing". Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2015.</ref> == Obuto bwe n’okusoma kwe == A Pass yazaalibwa mu Gwekkumineebiri 21, 1989 era mwana waakubiri mu maka ga baana musanvu. Yasomera ku Kampala Kindergarten ku kusoma kwe okwa nasale, Nakasero Primary School ku kusoma kwe okwa pulayimale ne Merryland High Schools, ne St Lawrence Creamland ku ssomero lya siniya.<ref name="chano8.com">{{cite web|url=http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|title=All You Need To Know About Rising Star A Pass|work=Chano8 Digital Magazine|accessdate=26 March 2015|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402025154/http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Emirimu gy’okuyimba == A Pass yatandika okuyimba ng’omuntu yenna owomukkanisa owa bulijjo maye ekitone kye yasinga kukikuliza ku ssomero. Oluvannyuma yagenda mu situdiyo mu mwaka gwa 2003 omulundi gwe ogwasooka mu situudiyo naye teyakwataayo luyimba, naye kyeyasobola okufuna kyokka gemaloboozi g'ebivuga. Oluvannyuma A Pass yakomawo mu situdiyo oluvannyuma lw’emyaka mitono bwe yasisinkana mukwano gwe ayitibwa Eddy eyamukubiriza okwongera okuyimba mu ngeri ey’ekikugu. A Pass yatondawo enkolagana ey’amaanyi mu by’okuyimba ne Dave Dash mu kiseera ekyo eyali amanyiddwa nga A Dash era ababiri baakola ennyimba ez'enjawulo nga bali bombi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Apass {{!}} West Nile xpozed |url=https://www.westnilebiz.com/artist/10/apass |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=westnilexpozed.com}}</ref> Mu 2011, yasisinkana dayirekita wa vidiyo [[:lg:Lukyamuzi_Bashir|Lukyamuzi Bashir]] eyalaba ekitone kye [[South Syde]] mu situdiyo gyebayimbira. Bashir yatandika okumutwala mu situdiyo ez’enjawulo okwetoloola eggwanga n’okumwanjula mu bantu ab’enjawulo ab’amaanyi mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. Mu mwaka gwa 2012, BADI yazimba situdiyo y’okukwata ennyimba e Makindye eyitibwa Badi Musik Production. BADI yagenda mu maaso n’okwata vidiyo za A Pass mu 2013, ekyayongera amanyi mukutumbula ekitone kye. Mu kiseera kino A Pass eriko omukono era eddukanyizibwa kkampuni ya LLolypop Entertainment.<ref name=":0"/> A Pass akoze na bafulumya omuziki abawerako mu mutindo gwa Reggae ne Dancehall omuli Alex okuva e Jamaica (A.I.P), Black Spyda okuva e Jamaica, Nessim (Badi Musik), Baru (DustVille), Timo (Badi Musik), Just Jose (Swangz Avenue), [[:lg:Benon_Mugumbya|Benon Mugumbya]], (Swangz Avenue), Nash ( [[:lg:Swangz_Avenue|Swangz Avenue]] ), N'omugenzi Mac Elvis (South Syde), . Keyner (K Records), Samurae (Talent 256), Don (DustVille) n’abalala abawerako. A Pass egamba nti afuna okusikirizibwa okuva ku muziki omuli dancehall, reggae, Rnb, hip hop ne afro pop okuva mu bayimbi nga [[:lg:Michael_Jackson|Michael Jackson]], [[:lg:Lucky_Dube|Lucky Dube]], [[:lg:UB40|UB40]] n’abalala bangi. A Pass ekoze n’abayimbi ab’enjawulo omuli, [[:lg:A.Y._(musician)|A.Y. (omuyimbi)]], [[:lg:Radio_&_Weasel|Goodlyfe]] okuva mu Uganda ne [[:lg:Cinderella_Sanyu|Cinderella Sanyu]] n’abalala bangi.<ref>{{cite web |title=A Pass to release new video featuring AY and AirporTaxi soon |url=http://bigeye.ug/pass-release-new-video-featuring-ay-airportaxi-soon/ |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Bigeye.ug}}</ref> A Pass awandikidde [[:lg:Bebe_Cool|Bebe Cool]] enyimba<ref>{{cite web |title=Singer A Pass Pockets Shs2M For Bebe Cool's New Hit |url=http://xclusive.co.ug/2014/12/04/singer-pass-pockets-shs2m-bebe-cools-hit/ |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Xclusive.co.ug |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402130501/http://xclusive.co.ug/2014/12/04/singer-pass-pockets-shs2m-bebe-cools-hit/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> era yawandiise wamu ne Michael Ross oluyimba ‘Love I Feel’.<ref>{{cite web |title=Micheal Ross Opens Up About 'Love I Feel' - Chano8 |url=http://chano8.com/micheal-ross-opens-love-feel//\ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404100615/http://chano8.com/micheal-ross-opens-love-feel/ |archive-date=4 April 2015 |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Chano8 Digital Magazine}}</ref> Gye buvuddeko yafulumya oluyimba lwa ''Wuuyo'' oluyimba olutongole olwa firimu y'ekina Uganda [[:lg:Bala_Bala_Sese|Bala Bala Sese]] eyakolebwa [[:lg:Usama_Mukwaya|Usama Mukwaya]].<ref>{{cite web |title=A pass' Wuuyo Soundtrack For The Bala Bala Sese Movie - Chano8 |url=http://chano8.com/a-pass-wuuyo-soundtrack-for-the-bala-bala-sese-movie/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421164935/http://chano8.com/a-pass-wuuyo-soundtrack-for-the-bala-bala-sese-movie/ |archive-date=21 April 2016 |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Chano8 Digital Magazine}}</ref> A Pass amanyiddwa nnyo nga okukola ne mukwano gwe ne producer Nessim era ne producer wa vidiyo [[:lg:Lukyamuzi_Bashir|Lukyamuzi Bashir]] wansi w’ekitongole ekikuba ennyimba ekya Badi Musik. === Ekivvulu ekyasooka === Ogwolubereberye 31, 2025, A Pass yategeka ekivvulu kye ekyasooka nga ye yekka, (A Pass Live in Concert, 2025) ku [[wooteeri ya Kampala Serena]]. Omukolo guno gwaliko ennyimba ze ez’amaanyi era nga gwaliko bayimbi banne. Enteekateeka yatandika ku nkomerero ya 2024, n'okwegezaamu okwalimu bbandi ekuba layivu. == Olukalala lw'ennyimba zaakute ku ntambi == === Alubaamu === * Nva Kampala (2016) Omuntu w'abantu. * [[A Pass|Africa Yayo]] (2018) * Bagonza (2024) * [https://music.apple.com/ug/album/a-pass/1785177179 Apass] (2025) == Ennyimba ezitawera alubaamu (Singles) == Ezimu ku nnyimba za A Pass ezisinga okwettanirwa mulimu zino wammanga: * Didadada * Love Infection * Am loving * Am lovin Remix * Tulikubigere * KLA * Mumpulila * So loud * Burn OP * Nyenya Omugongo * Run Bou Ya * One Of A Kind * Bartender * Tetubatya * Wuuyo * Muliwa (we deyah) * So High * Wyne on Time * Yuh Don Know Mi * Take Time Off * Abantu * Sida Mukyalo == Ennyimba zaayimbye ne bayimbi banne abalala == === Ze yayimba n'abayimbi abalala === * ''Nah normal'' ne [[Abayimbiramu kibiina kye bayita 'Goodlyfe'|Radio & Weasel]] * ''Am Loving'' ne Don Mc ne [[Cindy Sanyu|Cinderella Sanyu]] * ''Flair'' yange ne Patrobas * ''Amatu Maggale'' ne Tasha Batabazi. * ''AIP Cyber'' nga erina AIP * ''Twala Obudde bw'okuwummula'' ne The Mith * ''Omukozi w'obuzibu'' ne Ekky * ''Ebijjukizo'' ne [[:lg:Lillian_Mbabazi|Lillian Mbabazi]] * ''GAMULULU REMIX Ft [[:lg:Konshens|Konshens]]''<ref>{{Cite news|author=Staff Writer|date=April 11, 2016|title=Facts & Review Of Gamululu Remix Video By A Pass And Konshens|pages=1|work=RedPepper|url=https://redpepper.co.ug/facts-review-of-gamululu-remix-video-by-a-pass-and-konshens/64159/|access-date=April 11, 2016}}</ref> Omusajja Omulala Omulala. * Face Me ne [[:lg:Azawi|Azawi]]<ref>{{Cite news|last=Josh|first=Ruby|date=October 10, 2021|title=Impressive! Azawi’s ‘African Music’ album already taking huge strides|pages=1|work=Mbu|url=https://mbu.ug/2021/10/10/impressive-azawis-african-music-album-already-taking-huge-strides/|access-date=October 10, 2021}}</ref> == Obukuubagano == Wabaddewo obutakkaanya obutaggwa wakati wa A Pass n'abayimbi abalala mu [[:lg:Uganda|Uganda]] . * Obutakanya ne [[:lg:Bebe_Cool|Bebe Cool]]<ref>{{cite web |author=Habre Muriisa |date=11 Aug 2017 |title=A Pass Speaks Out On Alleged Beef With Bebe Cool |url=http://chano8.com/pass-speaks-alleged-beef-bebe-cool/ |accessdate=29 March 2019 |publisher=Chano8 Digital Magazine |language=en |archive-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813002810/https://chano8.com/pass-speaks-alleged-beef-bebe-cool/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Olukalala lw'abayimbi Bannayuganda]] . == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia. == * [[Ekibanja ky'omutimbagano ekitongole]] [[Category:Abayimbi Bannayuganda abasajja ab'ekyasa ky'amakumi abiri mwekimu]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1989]] ogn1zic1odrzkgqicyfohetv15vqk55 59333 59332 2026-07-06T14:26:52Z Ssebuufu 9882 59333 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''<big>Alexander Bagonza</big>''', asingakumanyibwa n'erinnya lye erya siteegi '''A Pass''' (era eyali '''APassKiller''' ), muyimbi era muwandiisi wa nnyimba Munnayuganda. Yazaalibwa e [[:lg:Uganda|Uganda]] mu Gwekkumineebiri 21, 1989.<ref name="chano8.com2">{{cite web|url=http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|title=All You Need To Know About Rising Star A Pass|work=Chano8 Digital Magazine|accessdate=26 March 2015|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402025154/http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A Pass agamba nti erinnya lye erya siteegi liva mu Alexander erinnya lye erisooka ate Pass liva mu linnya lye eppaatiike, Percy.<ref>satisfashionug. "A Pass talks music fashion women and being cool". ''SatisFashion Uganda''. Retrieved 26 March 2015.</ref><ref>"Llolypop Records - Events Organisers, Promoters and Marketing". Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2015.</ref> == Obuto bwe n’okusoma kwe == A Pass yazaalibwa mu Gwekkumineebiri 21, 1989 era mwana waakubiri mu maka ga baana musanvu. Yasomera ku Kampala Kindergarten ku kusoma kwe okwa nasale, Nakasero Primary School ku kusoma kwe okwa pulayimale ne Merryland High Schools, ne St Lawrence Creamland ku ssomero lya siniya.<ref name="chano8.com">{{cite web|url=http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|title=All You Need To Know About Rising Star A Pass|work=Chano8 Digital Magazine|accessdate=26 March 2015|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402025154/http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Emirimu gy’okuyimba == A Pass yatandika okuyimba ng’omuntu yenna owomukkanisa owa bulijjo maye ekitone kye yasinga kukikuliza ku ssomero. Oluvannyuma yagenda mu situdiyo mu mwaka gwa 2003 omulundi gwe ogwasooka mu situudiyo naye teyakwataayo luyimba, naye kyeyasobola okufuna kyokka gemaloboozi g'ebivuga. Oluvannyuma A Pass yakomawo mu situdiyo oluvannyuma lw’emyaka mitono bwe yasisinkana mukwano gwe ayitibwa Eddy eyamukubiriza okwongera okuyimba mu ngeri ey’ekikugu. A Pass yatondawo enkolagana ey’amaanyi mu by’okuyimba ne Dave Dash mu kiseera ekyo eyali amanyiddwa nga A Dash era ababiri baakola ennyimba ez'enjawulo nga bali bombi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Apass {{!}} West Nile xpozed |url=https://www.westnilebiz.com/artist/10/apass |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=westnilexpozed.com}}</ref> Mu 2011, yasisinkana dayirekita wa vidiyo [[:lg:Lukyamuzi_Bashir|Lukyamuzi Bashir]] eyalaba ekitone kye [[South Syde]] mu situdiyo gyebayimbira. Bashir yatandika okumutwala mu situdiyo ez’enjawulo okwetoloola eggwanga n’okumwanjula mu bantu ab’enjawulo ab’amaanyi mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. Mu mwaka gwa 2012, BADI yazimba situdiyo y’okukwata ennyimba e Makindye eyitibwa Badi Musik Production. BADI yagenda mu maaso n’okwata vidiyo za A Pass mu 2013, ekyayongera amanyi mukutumbula ekitone kye. Mu kiseera kino A Pass eriko omukono era eddukanyizibwa kkampuni ya LLolypop Entertainment.<ref name=":0"/> A Pass akoze na bafulumya omuziki abawerako mu mutindo gwa Reggae ne Dancehall omuli Alex okuva e Jamaica (A.I.P), Black Spyda okuva e Jamaica, Nessim (Badi Musik), Baru (DustVille), Timo (Badi Musik), Just Jose (Swangz Avenue), [[:lg:Benon_Mugumbya|Benon Mugumbya]], (Swangz Avenue), Nash ( [[:lg:Swangz_Avenue|Swangz Avenue]] ), N'omugenzi Mac Elvis (South Syde), . Keyner (K Records), Samurae (Talent 256), Don (DustVille) n’abalala abawerako. A Pass egamba nti afuna okusikirizibwa okuva ku muziki omuli dancehall, reggae, Rnb, hip hop ne afro pop okuva mu bayimbi nga [[:lg:Michael_Jackson|Michael Jackson]], [[:lg:Lucky_Dube|Lucky Dube]], [[:lg:UB40|UB40]] n’abalala bangi. A Pass ekoze n’abayimbi ab’enjawulo omuli, [[:lg:A.Y._(musician)|A.Y. (omuyimbi)]], [[:lg:Radio_&_Weasel|Goodlyfe]] okuva mu Uganda ne [[:lg:Cinderella_Sanyu|Cinderella Sanyu]] n’abalala bangi.<ref>{{cite web |title=A Pass to release new video featuring AY and AirporTaxi soon |url=http://bigeye.ug/pass-release-new-video-featuring-ay-airportaxi-soon/ |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Bigeye.ug}}</ref> A Pass awandikidde [[:lg:Bebe_Cool|Bebe Cool]] enyimba<ref>{{cite web |title=Singer A Pass Pockets Shs2M For Bebe Cool's New Hit |url=http://xclusive.co.ug/2014/12/04/singer-pass-pockets-shs2m-bebe-cools-hit/ |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Xclusive.co.ug |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402130501/http://xclusive.co.ug/2014/12/04/singer-pass-pockets-shs2m-bebe-cools-hit/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> era yawandiise wamu ne Michael Ross oluyimba ‘Love I Feel’.<ref>{{cite web |title=Micheal Ross Opens Up About 'Love I Feel' - Chano8 |url=http://chano8.com/micheal-ross-opens-love-feel//\ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404100615/http://chano8.com/micheal-ross-opens-love-feel/ |archive-date=4 April 2015 |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Chano8 Digital Magazine}}</ref> Gye buvuddeko yafulumya oluyimba lwa ''Wuuyo'' oluyimba olutongole olwa firimu y'ekina Uganda [[:lg:Bala_Bala_Sese|Bala Bala Sese]] eyakolebwa [[:lg:Usama_Mukwaya|Usama Mukwaya]].<ref>{{cite web |title=A pass' Wuuyo Soundtrack For The Bala Bala Sese Movie - Chano8 |url=http://chano8.com/a-pass-wuuyo-soundtrack-for-the-bala-bala-sese-movie/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421164935/http://chano8.com/a-pass-wuuyo-soundtrack-for-the-bala-bala-sese-movie/ |archive-date=21 April 2016 |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Chano8 Digital Magazine}}</ref> A Pass amanyiddwa nnyo nga okukola ne mukwano gwe ne producer Nessim era ne producer wa vidiyo [[:lg:Lukyamuzi_Bashir|Lukyamuzi Bashir]] wansi w’ekitongole ekikuba ennyimba ekya Badi Musik. === Ekivvulu ekyasooka === Ogwolubereberye 31, 2025, A Pass yategeka ekivvulu kye ekyasooka nga ye yekka, (A Pass Live in Concert, 2025) ku [[wooteeri ya Kampala Serena]]. Omukolo guno gwaliko ennyimba ze ez’amaanyi era nga gwaliko bayimbi banne. Enteekateeka yatandika ku nkomerero ya 2024, n'okwegezaamu okwalimu bbandi ekuba layivu. == Olukalala lw'ennyimba zaakute ku ntambi == === Alubaamu === * Nva Kampala (2016) Omuntu w'abantu. * [[A Pass|Africa Yayo]] (2018) * Bagonza (2024) * [https://music.apple.com/ug/album/a-pass/1785177179 Apass] (2025) == Ennyimba ezitawera alubaamu (Singles) == Ezimu ku nnyimba za A Pass ezisinga okwettanirwa mulimu zino wammanga: * Didadada * Love Infection * Am loving * Am lovin Remix * Tulikubigere * KLA * Mumpulila * So loud * Burn OP * Nyenya Omugongo * Run Bou Ya * One Of A Kind * Bartender * Tetubatya * Wuuyo * Muliwa (we deyah) * So High * Wyne on Time * Yuh Don Know Mi * Take Time Off * Abantu * Sida Mukyalo == Ennyimba zaayimbye ne bayimbi banne abalala == === Ze yayimba n'abayimbi abalala === * ''Nah normal'' ne [[Abayimbiramu kibiina kye bayita 'Goodlyfe'|Radio & Weasel]] * ''Am Loving'' ne Don Mc ne [[Cindy Sanyu|Cinderella Sanyu]] * ''Flair'' yange ne Patrobas * ''Amatu Maggale'' ne Tasha Batabazi. * ''AIP Cyber'' nga erina AIP * ''Twala Obudde bw'okuwummula'' ne The Mith * ''Omukozi w'obuzibu'' ne Ekky * ''Ebijjukizo'' ne [[:lg:Lillian_Mbabazi|Lillian Mbabazi]] * ''GAMULULU REMIX Ft [[:lg:Konshens|Konshens]]''<ref>{{Cite news|author=Staff Writer|date=April 11, 2016|title=Facts & Review Of Gamululu Remix Video By A Pass And Konshens|pages=1|work=RedPepper|url=https://redpepper.co.ug/facts-review-of-gamululu-remix-video-by-a-pass-and-konshens/64159/|access-date=April 11, 2016}}</ref> Omusajja Omulala Omulala. * Face Me ne [[:lg:Azawi|Azawi]]<ref>{{Cite news|last=Josh|first=Ruby|date=October 10, 2021|title=Impressive! Azawi’s ‘African Music’ album already taking huge strides|pages=1|work=Mbu|url=https://mbu.ug/2021/10/10/impressive-azawis-african-music-album-already-taking-huge-strides/|access-date=October 10, 2021}}</ref> == Obukuubagano == Wabaddewo obutakkaanya obutaggwa wakati wa A Pass n'abayimbi abalala mu [[:lg:Uganda|Uganda]] . * Obutakanya ne [[:lg:Bebe_Cool|Bebe Cool]]<ref>{{cite web |author=Habre Muriisa |date=11 Aug 2017 |title=A Pass Speaks Out On Alleged Beef With Bebe Cool |url=http://chano8.com/pass-speaks-alleged-beef-bebe-cool/ |accessdate=29 March 2019 |publisher=Chano8 Digital Magazine |language=en |archive-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813002810/https://chano8.com/pass-speaks-alleged-beef-bebe-cool/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Olukalala lw'abayimbi Bannayuganda]] . == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia. == * [[Ekibanja ky'omutimbagano ekitongole]] [[Category:Abayimbi Bannayuganda abasajja ab'ekyasa ky'amakumi abiri mwekimu]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1989]] [[Category:Abayimbi Bannayuganda ab'ekyasa ky'amakumi abiri mwekimu]] fbqteyrhl2n99qqg79djnpuvl0l0f42 59334 59333 2026-07-06T14:47:51Z Ssebuufu 9882 /* Emirimu gy’okuyimba */ 59334 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''<big>Alexander Bagonza</big>''', asingakumanyibwa n'erinnya lye erya siteegi '''A Pass''' (era eyali '''APassKiller''' ), muyimbi era muwandiisi wa nnyimba Munnayuganda. Yazaalibwa e [[:lg:Uganda|Uganda]] mu Gwekkumineebiri 21, 1989.<ref name="chano8.com2">{{cite web|url=http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|title=All You Need To Know About Rising Star A Pass|work=Chano8 Digital Magazine|accessdate=26 March 2015|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402025154/http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A Pass agamba nti erinnya lye erya siteegi liva mu Alexander erinnya lye erisooka ate Pass liva mu linnya lye eppaatiike, Percy.<ref>satisfashionug. "A Pass talks music fashion women and being cool". ''SatisFashion Uganda''. Retrieved 26 March 2015.</ref><ref>"Llolypop Records - Events Organisers, Promoters and Marketing". Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2015.</ref> == Obuto bwe n’okusoma kwe == A Pass yazaalibwa mu Gwekkumineebiri 21, 1989 era mwana waakubiri mu maka ga baana musanvu. Yasomera ku Kampala Kindergarten ku kusoma kwe okwa nasale, Nakasero Primary School ku kusoma kwe okwa pulayimale ne Merryland High Schools, ne St Lawrence Creamland ku ssomero lya siniya.<ref name="chano8.com">{{cite web|url=http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|title=All You Need To Know About Rising Star A Pass|work=Chano8 Digital Magazine|accessdate=26 March 2015|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402025154/http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Emirimu gy’okuyimba == A Pass yatandika okuyimba ng’omuntu yenna owomukkanisa owa bulijjo maye ekitone kye yasinga kukikuliza ku ssomero. Oluvannyuma yagenda mu situdiyo mu mwaka gwa 2003 omulundi gwe ogwasooka mu situudiyo naye teyakwataayo luyimba, naye kyeyasobola okufuna kyokka gemaloboozi g'ebivuga. Oluvannyuma A Pass yakomawo mu situdiyo oluvannyuma lw’emyaka mitono bwe yasisinkana mukwano gwe ayitibwa Eddy eyamukubiriza okwongera okuyimba mu ngeri ey’ekikugu. A Pass yatondawo enkolagana ey’amaanyi mu by’okuyimba ne Dave Dash mu kiseera ekyo eyali amanyiddwa nga A Dash era ababiri baakola ennyimba ez'enjawulo nga bali bombi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Apass {{!}} West Nile xpozed |url=https://www.westnilebiz.com/artist/10/apass |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=westnilexpozed.com}}</ref> Mu 2011, yasisinkana dayirekita wa vidiyo [[:lg:Lukyamuzi_Bashir|Lukyamuzi Bashir]] eyalaba ekitone kye [[South Syde]] mu situdiyo gyebayimbira. Bashir yatandika okumutwala mu situdiyo ez’enjawulo okwetoloola eggwanga n’okumwanjula mu bantu ab’enjawulo ab’amaanyi mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. Mu mwaka gwa 2012, BADI yazimba situdiyo y’okukwata ennyimba e Makindye eyitibwa Badi Musik Production. BADI yagenda mu maaso n’okwata vidiyo za A Pass mu 2013, ekyayongera amanyi mukutumbula ekitone kye. Mu kiseera kino A Pass eriko omukono era eddukanyizibwa kkampuni ya LLolypop Entertainment.<ref name=":0"/> A Pass akoze na bafulumya omuziki abawerako mu mutindo gwa Reggae ne Dancehall omuli Alex okuva e Jamaica (A.I.P), Black Spyda okuva e Jamaica, Nessim (Badi Musik), Baru (DustVille), Timo (Badi Musik), Just Jose (Swangz Avenue), [[:lg:Benon_Mugumbya|Benon Mugumbya]], (Swangz Avenue), Nash ( [[:lg:Swangz_Avenue|Swangz Avenue]] ), N'omugenzi Mac Elvis (South Syde), . Keyner (K Records), Samurae (Talent 256), Don (DustVille) n’abalala abawerako. A Pass egamba nti afuna okusikirizibwa okuva ku muziki omuli dancehall, reggae, Rnb, hip hop ne afro pop okuva mu bayimbi nga [[:lg:Michael_Jackson|Michael Jackson]], [[:lg:Lucky_Dube|Lucky Dube]], [[:lg:UB40|UB40]] n’abalala bangi. A Pass akoze n’abayimbi ab’enjawulo omuli, [[:lg:A.Y._(musician)|A.Y. (omuyimbi)]], [[:lg:Radio_&_Weasel|Goodlyfe]] okuva mu Uganda ne [[:lg:Cinderella_Sanyu|Cinderella Sanyu]] n’abalala bangi.<ref>{{cite web |title=A Pass to release new video featuring AY and AirporTaxi soon |url=http://bigeye.ug/pass-release-new-video-featuring-ay-airportaxi-soon/ |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Bigeye.ug}}</ref> A Pass awandiikidde [[:lg:Bebe_Cool|Bebe Cool]] enyimba<ref>{{cite web |title=Singer A Pass Pockets Shs2M For Bebe Cool's New Hit |url=http://xclusive.co.ug/2014/12/04/singer-pass-pockets-shs2m-bebe-cools-hit/ |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Xclusive.co.ug |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402130501/http://xclusive.co.ug/2014/12/04/singer-pass-pockets-shs2m-bebe-cools-hit/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> era yawandiise wamu ne Michael Ross oluyimba ‘Love I Feel’.<ref>{{cite web |title=Micheal Ross Opens Up About 'Love I Feel' - Chano8 |url=http://chano8.com/micheal-ross-opens-love-feel//\ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404100615/http://chano8.com/micheal-ross-opens-love-feel/ |archive-date=4 April 2015 |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Chano8 Digital Magazine}}</ref> Gye buvuddeko yafulumya oluyimba lwa ''Wuuyo'' oluyimba olutongole olwa firimu y'ekina Uganda [[:lg:Bala_Bala_Sese|Bala Bala Sese]] eyakolebwa [[:lg:Usama_Mukwaya|Usama Mukwaya]].<ref>{{cite web |title=A pass' Wuuyo Soundtrack For The Bala Bala Sese Movie - Chano8 |url=http://chano8.com/a-pass-wuuyo-soundtrack-for-the-bala-bala-sese-movie/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421164935/http://chano8.com/a-pass-wuuyo-soundtrack-for-the-bala-bala-sese-movie/ |archive-date=21 April 2016 |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Chano8 Digital Magazine}}</ref> A Pass amanyiddwa nnyo nga okukola ne mukwano gwe ne producer Nessim era ne producer wa vidiyo [[:lg:Lukyamuzi_Bashir|Lukyamuzi Bashir]] wansi w’ekitongole ekikuba ennyimba ekya Badi Musik. === Ekivvulu ekyasooka === Ogwolubereberye 31, 2025, A Pass yategeka ekivvulu kye ekyasooka nga ye yekka, (A Pass Live in Concert, 2025) ku [[wooteeri ya Kampala Serena]]. Omukolo guno gwaliko ennyimba ze ez’amaanyi era nga gwaliko bayimbi banne. Enteekateeka yatandika ku nkomerero ya 2024, n'okwegezaamu okwalimu bbandi ekuba layivu. == Olukalala lw'ennyimba zaakute ku ntambi == === Alubaamu === * Nva Kampala (2016) Omuntu w'abantu. * [[A Pass|Africa Yayo]] (2018) * Bagonza (2024) * [https://music.apple.com/ug/album/a-pass/1785177179 Apass] (2025) == Ennyimba ezitawera alubaamu (Singles) == Ezimu ku nnyimba za A Pass ezisinga okwettanirwa mulimu zino wammanga: * Didadada * Love Infection * Am loving * Am lovin Remix * Tulikubigere * KLA * Mumpulila * So loud * Burn OP * Nyenya Omugongo * Run Bou Ya * One Of A Kind * Bartender * Tetubatya * Wuuyo * Muliwa (we deyah) * So High * Wyne on Time * Yuh Don Know Mi * Take Time Off * Abantu * Sida Mukyalo == Ennyimba zaayimbye ne bayimbi banne abalala == === Ze yayimba n'abayimbi abalala === * ''Nah normal'' ne [[Abayimbiramu kibiina kye bayita 'Goodlyfe'|Radio & Weasel]] * ''Am Loving'' ne Don Mc ne [[Cindy Sanyu|Cinderella Sanyu]] * ''Flair'' yange ne Patrobas * ''Amatu Maggale'' ne Tasha Batabazi. * ''AIP Cyber'' nga erina AIP * ''Twala Obudde bw'okuwummula'' ne The Mith * ''Omukozi w'obuzibu'' ne Ekky * ''Ebijjukizo'' ne [[:lg:Lillian_Mbabazi|Lillian Mbabazi]] * ''GAMULULU REMIX Ft [[:lg:Konshens|Konshens]]''<ref>{{Cite news|author=Staff Writer|date=April 11, 2016|title=Facts & Review Of Gamululu Remix Video By A Pass And Konshens|pages=1|work=RedPepper|url=https://redpepper.co.ug/facts-review-of-gamululu-remix-video-by-a-pass-and-konshens/64159/|access-date=April 11, 2016}}</ref> Omusajja Omulala Omulala. * Face Me ne [[:lg:Azawi|Azawi]]<ref>{{Cite news|last=Josh|first=Ruby|date=October 10, 2021|title=Impressive! Azawi’s ‘African Music’ album already taking huge strides|pages=1|work=Mbu|url=https://mbu.ug/2021/10/10/impressive-azawis-african-music-album-already-taking-huge-strides/|access-date=October 10, 2021}}</ref> == Obukuubagano == Wabaddewo obutakkaanya obutaggwa wakati wa A Pass n'abayimbi abalala mu [[:lg:Uganda|Uganda]] . * Obutakanya ne [[:lg:Bebe_Cool|Bebe Cool]]<ref>{{cite web |author=Habre Muriisa |date=11 Aug 2017 |title=A Pass Speaks Out On Alleged Beef With Bebe Cool |url=http://chano8.com/pass-speaks-alleged-beef-bebe-cool/ |accessdate=29 March 2019 |publisher=Chano8 Digital Magazine |language=en |archive-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813002810/https://chano8.com/pass-speaks-alleged-beef-bebe-cool/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Olukalala lw'abayimbi Bannayuganda]] . == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia. == * [[Ekibanja ky'omutimbagano ekitongole]] [[Category:Abayimbi Bannayuganda abasajja ab'ekyasa ky'amakumi abiri mwekimu]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1989]] [[Category:Abayimbi Bannayuganda ab'ekyasa ky'amakumi abiri mwekimu]] o1l2s6u4cle986nmtio5zin22dpkgw1 59336 59334 2026-07-06T14:59:30Z Ssebuufu 9882 /* Emirimu gy’okuyimba */ 59336 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''<big>Alexander Bagonza</big>''', asingakumanyibwa n'erinnya lye erya siteegi '''A Pass''' (era eyali '''APassKiller''' ), muyimbi era muwandiisi wa nnyimba Munnayuganda. Yazaalibwa e [[:lg:Uganda|Uganda]] mu Gwekkumineebiri 21, 1989.<ref name="chano8.com2">{{cite web|url=http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|title=All You Need To Know About Rising Star A Pass|work=Chano8 Digital Magazine|accessdate=26 March 2015|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402025154/http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A Pass agamba nti erinnya lye erya siteegi liva mu Alexander erinnya lye erisooka ate Pass liva mu linnya lye eppaatiike, Percy.<ref>satisfashionug. "A Pass talks music fashion women and being cool". ''SatisFashion Uganda''. Retrieved 26 March 2015.</ref><ref>"Llolypop Records - Events Organisers, Promoters and Marketing". Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2015.</ref> == Obuto bwe n’okusoma kwe == A Pass yazaalibwa mu Gwekkumineebiri 21, 1989 era mwana waakubiri mu maka ga baana musanvu. Yasomera ku Kampala Kindergarten ku kusoma kwe okwa nasale, Nakasero Primary School ku kusoma kwe okwa pulayimale ne Merryland High Schools, ne St Lawrence Creamland ku ssomero lya siniya.<ref name="chano8.com">{{cite web|url=http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|title=All You Need To Know About Rising Star A Pass|work=Chano8 Digital Magazine|accessdate=26 March 2015|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402025154/http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Emirimu gy’okuyimba == A Pass yatandika okuyimba ng’omuntu yenna owomukkanisa owa bulijjo maye ekitone kye yasinga kukikuliza ku ssomero. Oluvannyuma yagenda mu situdiyo mu mwaka gwa 2003 omulundi gwe ogwasooka mu situudiyo naye teyakwataayo luyimba, naye kyeyasobola okufuna kyokka gemaloboozi g'ebivuga. Oluvannyuma A Pass yakomawo mu situdiyo oluvannyuma lw’emyaka mitono bwe yasisinkana mukwano gwe ayitibwa Eddy eyamukubiriza okwongera okuyimba mu ngeri ey’ekikugu. A Pass yatondawo enkolagana ey’amaanyi mu by’okuyimba ne Dave Dash mu kiseera ekyo eyali amanyiddwa nga A Dash era ababiri baakola ennyimba ez'enjawulo nga bali bombi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Apass {{!}} West Nile xpozed |url=https://www.westnilebiz.com/artist/10/apass |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=westnilexpozed.com}}</ref> Mu 2011, yasisinkana dayirekita wa vidiyo [[:lg:Lukyamuzi_Bashir|Lukyamuzi Bashir]] eyalaba ekitone kye [[South Syde]] mu situdiyo gyebayimbira. Bashir yatandika okumutwala mu situdiyo ez’enjawulo okwetoloola eggwanga n’okumwanjula mu bantu ab’enjawulo ab’amaanyi mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. Mu mwaka gwa 2012, BADI yazimba situdiyo y’okukwata ennyimba e Makindye eyitibwa Badi Musik Production. BADI yagenda mu maaso n’okwata vidiyo za A Pass mu 2013, ekyayongera amanyi mukutumbula ekitone kye. Mu kiseera kino A Pass eriko omukono era eddukanyizibwa kkampuni ya LLolypop Entertainment.<ref name=":0"/> A Pass akoze na bafulumya omuziki abawerako mu mutindo gwa Reggae ne Dancehall omuli Alex okuva e Jamaica (A.I.P), Black Spyda okuva e Jamaica, Nessim (Badi Musik), Baru (DustVille), Timo (Badi Musik), Just Jose (Swangz Avenue), [[:lg:Benon_Mugumbya|Benon Mugumbya]], (Swangz Avenue), Nash ( [[:lg:Swangz_Avenue|Swangz Avenue]] ), N'omugenzi Mac Elvis (South Syde), . Keyner (K Records), Samurae (Talent 256), Don (DustVille) n’abalala abawerako. A Pass egamba nti afuna okusikirizibwa okuva ku muziki omuli dancehall, reggae, Rnb, hip hop ne afro pop okuva mu bayimbi nga [[:lg:Michael_Jackson|Michael Jackson]], [[:lg:Lucky_Dube|Lucky Dube]], [[:lg:UB40|UB40]] n’abalala bangi. A Pass akoze n’abayimbi ab’enjawulo omuli, [[:lg:A.Y._(musician)|A.Y. (omuyimbi)]], [[:lg:Radio_&_Weasel|Goodlyfe]] okuva mu Uganda ne [[:lg:Cinderella_Sanyu|Cinderella Sanyu]] n’abalala bangi.<ref>{{cite web |title=A Pass to release new video featuring AY and AirporTaxi soon |url=http://bigeye.ug/pass-release-new-video-featuring-ay-airportaxi-soon/ |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Bigeye.ug}}</ref> A Pass awandiikidde [[:lg:Bebe_Cool|Bebe Cool]] enyimba<ref>{{cite web |title=Singer A Pass Pockets Shs2M For Bebe Cool's New Hit |url=http://xclusive.co.ug/2014/12/04/singer-pass-pockets-shs2m-bebe-cools-hit/ |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Xclusive.co.ug |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402130501/http://xclusive.co.ug/2014/12/04/singer-pass-pockets-shs2m-bebe-cools-hit/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> era yawandiise wamu ne Michael Ross oluyimba ‘Love I Feel’.<ref>{{cite web |title=Micheal Ross Opens Up About 'Love I Feel' - Chano8 |url=http://chano8.com/micheal-ross-opens-love-feel//\ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404100615/http://chano8.com/micheal-ross-opens-love-feel/ |archive-date=4 April 2015 |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Chano8 Digital Magazine}}</ref> Gye buvuddeko yafulumya oluyimba lwa ''Wuuyo'' oluyimba olutongole olwa firimu y'ekina Uganda [[:lg:Bala_Bala_Sese|Bala Bala Sese]] eyakolebwa [[:lg:Usama_Mukwaya|Usama Mukwaya]].<ref>{{cite web |title=A pass' Wuuyo Soundtrack For The Bala Bala Sese Movie - Chano8 |url=http://chano8.com/a-pass-wuuyo-soundtrack-for-the-bala-bala-sese-movie/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421164935/http://chano8.com/a-pass-wuuyo-soundtrack-for-the-bala-bala-sese-movie/ |archive-date=21 April 2016 |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Chano8 Digital Magazine}}</ref> A Pass amanyiddwa nnyo nga okukola ne mukwano gwe ne [[producer Nessim]] era ne producer wa vidiyo [[:lg:Lukyamuzi_Bashir|Lukyamuzi Bashir]] wansi w’ekitongole ekikuba ennyimba ekya Badi Musik. === Ekivvulu ekyasooka === Ogwolubereberye 31, 2025, A Pass yategeka ekivvulu kye ekyasooka nga ye yekka, (A Pass Live in Concert, 2025) ku [[wooteeri ya Kampala Serena]]. Omukolo guno gwaliko ennyimba ze ez’amaanyi era nga gwaliko bayimbi banne. Enteekateeka yatandika ku nkomerero ya 2024, n'okwegezaamu okwalimu bbandi ekuba layivu. == Olukalala lw'ennyimba zaakute ku ntambi == === Alubaamu === * Nva Kampala (2016) Omuntu w'abantu. * [[A Pass|Africa Yayo]] (2018) * Bagonza (2024) * [https://music.apple.com/ug/album/a-pass/1785177179 Apass] (2025) == Ennyimba ezitawera alubaamu (Singles) == Ezimu ku nnyimba za A Pass ezisinga okwettanirwa mulimu zino wammanga: * Didadada * Love Infection * Am loving * Am lovin Remix * Tulikubigere * KLA * Mumpulila * So loud * Burn OP * Nyenya Omugongo * Run Bou Ya * One Of A Kind * Bartender * Tetubatya * Wuuyo * Muliwa (we deyah) * So High * Wyne on Time * Yuh Don Know Mi * Take Time Off * Abantu * Sida Mukyalo == Ennyimba zaayimbye ne bayimbi banne abalala == === Ze yayimba n'abayimbi abalala === * ''Nah normal'' ne [[Abayimbiramu kibiina kye bayita 'Goodlyfe'|Radio & Weasel]] * ''Am Loving'' ne Don Mc ne [[Cindy Sanyu|Cinderella Sanyu]] * ''Flair'' yange ne Patrobas * ''Amatu Maggale'' ne Tasha Batabazi. * ''AIP Cyber'' nga erina AIP * ''Twala Obudde bw'okuwummula'' ne The Mith * ''Omukozi w'obuzibu'' ne Ekky * ''Ebijjukizo'' ne [[:lg:Lillian_Mbabazi|Lillian Mbabazi]] * ''GAMULULU REMIX Ft [[:lg:Konshens|Konshens]]''<ref>{{Cite news|author=Staff Writer|date=April 11, 2016|title=Facts & Review Of Gamululu Remix Video By A Pass And Konshens|pages=1|work=RedPepper|url=https://redpepper.co.ug/facts-review-of-gamululu-remix-video-by-a-pass-and-konshens/64159/|access-date=April 11, 2016}}</ref> Omusajja Omulala Omulala. * Face Me ne [[:lg:Azawi|Azawi]]<ref>{{Cite news|last=Josh|first=Ruby|date=October 10, 2021|title=Impressive! Azawi’s ‘African Music’ album already taking huge strides|pages=1|work=Mbu|url=https://mbu.ug/2021/10/10/impressive-azawis-african-music-album-already-taking-huge-strides/|access-date=October 10, 2021}}</ref> == Obukuubagano == Wabaddewo obutakkaanya obutaggwa wakati wa A Pass n'abayimbi abalala mu [[:lg:Uganda|Uganda]] . * Obutakanya ne [[:lg:Bebe_Cool|Bebe Cool]]<ref>{{cite web |author=Habre Muriisa |date=11 Aug 2017 |title=A Pass Speaks Out On Alleged Beef With Bebe Cool |url=http://chano8.com/pass-speaks-alleged-beef-bebe-cool/ |accessdate=29 March 2019 |publisher=Chano8 Digital Magazine |language=en |archive-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813002810/https://chano8.com/pass-speaks-alleged-beef-bebe-cool/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Olukalala lw'abayimbi Bannayuganda]] . == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia. == * [[Ekibanja ky'omutimbagano ekitongole]] [[Category:Abayimbi Bannayuganda abasajja ab'ekyasa ky'amakumi abiri mwekimu]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1989]] [[Category:Abayimbi Bannayuganda ab'ekyasa ky'amakumi abiri mwekimu]] dcb5w05yszo1ejrisgmiyle9r9cikt6 59337 59336 2026-07-06T15:04:58Z Ssebuufu 9882 /* Emirimu gy’okuyimba */ 59337 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''<big>Alexander Bagonza</big>''', asingakumanyibwa n'erinnya lye erya siteegi '''A Pass''' (era eyali '''APassKiller''' ), muyimbi era muwandiisi wa nnyimba Munnayuganda. Yazaalibwa e [[:lg:Uganda|Uganda]] mu Gwekkumineebiri 21, 1989.<ref name="chano8.com2">{{cite web|url=http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|title=All You Need To Know About Rising Star A Pass|work=Chano8 Digital Magazine|accessdate=26 March 2015|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402025154/http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A Pass agamba nti erinnya lye erya siteegi liva mu Alexander erinnya lye erisooka ate Pass liva mu linnya lye eppaatiike, Percy.<ref>satisfashionug. "A Pass talks music fashion women and being cool". ''SatisFashion Uganda''. Retrieved 26 March 2015.</ref><ref>"Llolypop Records - Events Organisers, Promoters and Marketing". Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2015.</ref> == Obuto bwe n’okusoma kwe == A Pass yazaalibwa mu Gwekkumineebiri 21, 1989 era mwana waakubiri mu maka ga baana musanvu. Yasomera ku Kampala Kindergarten ku kusoma kwe okwa nasale, Nakasero Primary School ku kusoma kwe okwa pulayimale ne Merryland High Schools, ne St Lawrence Creamland ku ssomero lya siniya.<ref name="chano8.com">{{cite web|url=http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|title=All You Need To Know About Rising Star A Pass|work=Chano8 Digital Magazine|accessdate=26 March 2015|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402025154/http://chano8.com/need-know-rising-star-pass/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Emirimu gy’okuyimba == A Pass yatandika okuyimba ng’omuntu yenna owomukkanisa owa bulijjo maye ekitone kye yasinga kukikuliza ku ssomero. Oluvannyuma yagenda mu situdiyo mu mwaka gwa 2003 omulundi gwe ogwasooka mu situudiyo naye teyakwataayo luyimba, naye kyeyasobola okufuna kyokka gemaloboozi g'ebivuga. Oluvannyuma A Pass yakomawo mu situdiyo oluvannyuma lw’emyaka mitono bwe yasisinkana mukwano gwe ayitibwa Eddy eyamukubiriza okwongera okuyimba mu ngeri ey’ekikugu. A Pass yatondawo enkolagana ey’amaanyi mu by’okuyimba ne Dave Dash mu kiseera ekyo eyali amanyiddwa nga A Dash era ababiri baakola ennyimba ez'enjawulo nga bali bombi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Apass {{!}} West Nile xpozed |url=https://www.westnilebiz.com/artist/10/apass |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=westnilexpozed.com}}</ref> Mu 2011, yasisinkana dayirekita wa vidiyo [[:lg:Lukyamuzi_Bashir|Lukyamuzi Bashir]] eyalaba ekitone kye [[South Syde]] mu situdiyo gyebayimbira. Bashir yatandika okumutwala mu situdiyo ez’enjawulo okwetoloola eggwanga n’okumwanjula mu bantu ab’enjawulo ab’amaanyi mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. Mu mwaka gwa 2012, BADI yazimba situdiyo y’okukwata ennyimba e Makindye eyitibwa Badi Musik Production. BADI yagenda mu maaso n’okwata vidiyo za A Pass mu 2013, ekyayongera amanyi mukutumbula ekitone kye. Mu kiseera kino A Pass eriko omukono era eddukanyizibwa kkampuni ya LLolypop Entertainment.<ref name=":0"/> A Pass akoze na bafulumya omuziki abawerako mu mutindo gwa Reggae ne Dancehall omuli Alex okuva e Jamaica (A.I.P), Black Spyda okuva e Jamaica, Nessim (Badi Musik), Baru (DustVille), Timo (Badi Musik), Just Jose (Swangz Avenue), [[:lg:Benon_Mugumbya|Benon Mugumbya]], (Swangz Avenue), Nash ( [[:lg:Swangz_Avenue|Swangz Avenue]] ), N'omugenzi Mac Elvis (South Syde), . Keyner (K Records), Samurae (Talent 256), Don (DustVille) n’abalala abawerako. A Pass egamba nti afuna okusikirizibwa okuva ku nnimba omuli [[dancehall]], [[reggae]], [[Rnb]], [[hip hop]] ne [[afro pop]] okuva mu bayimbi nga [[:lg:Michael_Jackson|Michael Jackson]], [[:lg:Lucky_Dube|Lucky Dube]], [[:lg:UB40|UB40]] n’abalala bangi. A Pass akoze n’abayimbi ab’enjawulo omuli, [[:lg:A.Y._(musician)|A.Y. (omuyimbi)]], [[:lg:Radio_&_Weasel|Goodlyfe]] okuva mu Uganda ne [[:lg:Cinderella_Sanyu|Cinderella Sanyu]] n’abalala bangi.<ref>{{cite web |title=A Pass to release new video featuring AY and AirporTaxi soon |url=http://bigeye.ug/pass-release-new-video-featuring-ay-airportaxi-soon/ |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Bigeye.ug}}</ref> A Pass awandiikidde [[:lg:Bebe_Cool|Bebe Cool]] enyimba<ref>{{cite web |title=Singer A Pass Pockets Shs2M For Bebe Cool's New Hit |url=http://xclusive.co.ug/2014/12/04/singer-pass-pockets-shs2m-bebe-cools-hit/ |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Xclusive.co.ug |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402130501/http://xclusive.co.ug/2014/12/04/singer-pass-pockets-shs2m-bebe-cools-hit/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> era yawandiise wamu ne Michael Ross oluyimba ‘Love I Feel’.<ref>{{cite web |title=Micheal Ross Opens Up About 'Love I Feel' - Chano8 |url=http://chano8.com/micheal-ross-opens-love-feel//\ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404100615/http://chano8.com/micheal-ross-opens-love-feel/ |archive-date=4 April 2015 |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Chano8 Digital Magazine}}</ref> Gye buvuddeko yafulumya oluyimba lwa ''Wuuyo'' oluyimba olutongole olwa firimu y'ekina Uganda [[:lg:Bala_Bala_Sese|Bala Bala Sese]] eyakolebwa [[:lg:Usama_Mukwaya|Usama Mukwaya]].<ref>{{cite web |title=A pass' Wuuyo Soundtrack For The Bala Bala Sese Movie - Chano8 |url=http://chano8.com/a-pass-wuuyo-soundtrack-for-the-bala-bala-sese-movie/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421164935/http://chano8.com/a-pass-wuuyo-soundtrack-for-the-bala-bala-sese-movie/ |archive-date=21 April 2016 |accessdate=26 March 2015 |work=Chano8 Digital Magazine}}</ref> A Pass amanyiddwa nnyo nga okukola ne mukwano gwe ne [[producer Nessim]] era ne producer wa vidiyo [[:lg:Lukyamuzi_Bashir|Lukyamuzi Bashir]] wansi w’ekitongole ekikuba ennyimba ekya Badi Musik. === Ekivvulu ekyasooka === Ogwolubereberye 31, 2025, A Pass yategeka ekivvulu kye ekyasooka nga ye yekka, (A Pass Live in Concert, 2025) ku [[wooteeri ya Kampala Serena]]. Omukolo guno gwaliko ennyimba ze ez’amaanyi era nga gwaliko bayimbi banne. Enteekateeka yatandika ku nkomerero ya 2024, n'okwegezaamu okwalimu bbandi ekuba layivu. == Olukalala lw'ennyimba zaakute ku ntambi == === Alubaamu === * Nva Kampala (2016) Omuntu w'abantu. * [[A Pass|Africa Yayo]] (2018) * Bagonza (2024) * [https://music.apple.com/ug/album/a-pass/1785177179 Apass] (2025) == Ennyimba ezitawera alubaamu (Singles) == Ezimu ku nnyimba za A Pass ezisinga okwettanirwa mulimu zino wammanga: * Didadada * Love Infection * Am loving * Am lovin Remix * Tulikubigere * KLA * Mumpulila * So loud * Burn OP * Nyenya Omugongo * Run Bou Ya * One Of A Kind * Bartender * Tetubatya * Wuuyo * Muliwa (we deyah) * So High * Wyne on Time * Yuh Don Know Mi * Take Time Off * Abantu * Sida Mukyalo == Ennyimba zaayimbye ne bayimbi banne abalala == === Ze yayimba n'abayimbi abalala === * ''Nah normal'' ne [[Abayimbiramu kibiina kye bayita 'Goodlyfe'|Radio & Weasel]] * ''Am Loving'' ne Don Mc ne [[Cindy Sanyu|Cinderella Sanyu]] * ''Flair'' yange ne Patrobas * ''Amatu Maggale'' ne Tasha Batabazi. * ''AIP Cyber'' nga erina AIP * ''Twala Obudde bw'okuwummula'' ne The Mith * ''Omukozi w'obuzibu'' ne Ekky * ''Ebijjukizo'' ne [[:lg:Lillian_Mbabazi|Lillian Mbabazi]] * ''GAMULULU REMIX Ft [[:lg:Konshens|Konshens]]''<ref>{{Cite news|author=Staff Writer|date=April 11, 2016|title=Facts & Review Of Gamululu Remix Video By A Pass And Konshens|pages=1|work=RedPepper|url=https://redpepper.co.ug/facts-review-of-gamululu-remix-video-by-a-pass-and-konshens/64159/|access-date=April 11, 2016}}</ref> Omusajja Omulala Omulala. * Face Me ne [[:lg:Azawi|Azawi]]<ref>{{Cite news|last=Josh|first=Ruby|date=October 10, 2021|title=Impressive! Azawi’s ‘African Music’ album already taking huge strides|pages=1|work=Mbu|url=https://mbu.ug/2021/10/10/impressive-azawis-african-music-album-already-taking-huge-strides/|access-date=October 10, 2021}}</ref> == Obukuubagano == Wabaddewo obutakkaanya obutaggwa wakati wa A Pass n'abayimbi abalala mu [[:lg:Uganda|Uganda]] . * Obutakanya ne [[:lg:Bebe_Cool|Bebe Cool]]<ref>{{cite web |author=Habre Muriisa |date=11 Aug 2017 |title=A Pass Speaks Out On Alleged Beef With Bebe Cool |url=http://chano8.com/pass-speaks-alleged-beef-bebe-cool/ |accessdate=29 March 2019 |publisher=Chano8 Digital Magazine |language=en |archive-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813002810/https://chano8.com/pass-speaks-alleged-beef-bebe-cool/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Olukalala lw'abayimbi Bannayuganda]] . == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia. == * [[Ekibanja ky'omutimbagano ekitongole]] [[Category:Abayimbi Bannayuganda abasajja ab'ekyasa ky'amakumi abiri mwekimu]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1989]] [[Category:Abayimbi Bannayuganda ab'ekyasa ky'amakumi abiri mwekimu]] i10l4876jyauqgy6vpr0llilnfgvc7d Category:Bannabyabufuzi 14 14171 59434 57650 2026-07-07T07:44:14Z Ssemmanda will 3837 removed [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi Bannayuganda]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 59434 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Category:Abantu balamu 14 14736 59276 2026-07-06T12:13:06Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added a description 59276 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be bantu abalamu. 9a5ba6ajhxo0e0ap8f63yg3eej4gbbh Category:Abaazaalibwa mu gya 1970 14 14737 59278 2026-07-06T12:14:37Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added a description 59278 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be bantu abaazaalibwa mu myaka gya 1970. t36b0vtfqy7i4ioiv3hbnuxm8s6tkwo Category:Bannayuganda abasuubuzi ab'Ekyasa ky'Abirimwekimu 14 14738 59280 2026-07-06T12:16:52Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added a description 59280 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be Bannayuganda abasuubuzi ab'Ekyasa ky'Abirimwekimu. 5wdfr8v526596vv7zcij2vz0qk44yqh Category:Abaaasomerako ku Makerere University 14 14739 59283 2026-07-06T12:19:58Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added a description 59283 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be baaliko abayizi ku Ssettendekero wa Makerere. 9omwa3ltmtaqcczs8yd8antvbc8ou9z Category:Bannayuganda bannaby'anjigiriza 14 14740 59285 2026-07-06T12:22:28Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added a description 59285 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be Bannayuganda bannaby'anjigiriza. m5kdy8a9r52getkl8103s3r1h095xrd Category:Abakozi ku ludda lw'ebyenjigiriza mu Makerere University 14 14741 59288 2026-07-06T12:25:21Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added a description 59288 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be bakozi ku ludda lw'ebyenjigiriza mu Makerere University. hcyetp8m7g3l4mqgjj4reg7nbg372p4 Category:Abakozi ku ludda lw'ebyenjigiriza ku Ttendekero lya University of Witswatersand 14 14742 59293 2026-07-06T12:31:07Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added a description 59293 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be bakozi ku ludda lw'ebyenjigiriza ku Ttendekero lya University of Witswatersand. 7d827xjawoeinkougp9mm6jr9gliv5e Category:Bannamawulire era abasomi b'amawulire ku BBC 14 14743 59302 2026-07-06T12:51:02Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Ntaddemu ekinnyonyolo 59302 wikitext text/x-wiki Bannamawulire era abasomi b'amawulire ku BBC tqabi5369vh42g27s16l1z5q22f8v3d Category:Abaweereza ba BBC World Service 14 14744 59303 2026-07-06T12:52:09Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Ntaddemu ekinnyonyolo 59303 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be baweereza ba BBC World Service sxpkxw0ixuw2c7lqdvlwdswd0j65v96 Category:Abazaalwa mu 1978 14 14745 59304 2026-07-06T12:53:22Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Ntaddemu ekinnyonyolo 59304 wikitext text/x-wiki Abantu abazaalibwa mu 1978 acqytcp7gtszd3xwz23mzgt32z5dy4m Category:Bannamawulire ba laadiyo Bannayuganda 14 14746 59305 2026-07-06T12:54:17Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Ntaddemu ekinnyonyolo 59305 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be bannamawulire ba laadiyo Abannayuganda asswfu58l9g561wkoy6cghsxav2b5z3 Category:Bannayuganda abaweereza ku laadiyo 14 14747 59306 2026-07-06T12:55:07Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Ntaddemu ekinnyonyolo 59306 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be Bannayuganda abaweereza ku laadiyo dnlnagp7ia90bas2twehixoip92uo9c Category:Bannamawulire abasajja Abangereza 14 14748 59307 2026-07-06T12:56:11Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Ntaddemu ekinnyonyolo 59307 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be bannamawulire abasajja Abangereza i164jzzrcu4exjwz3i87w9864u8a33r Category:Abantu abasomera ku Makerere College School 14 14749 59311 2026-07-06T13:37:35Z Lillylove256 10862 ngasseeko amatuluba 59311 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be bantu abasomera ku Makerere College School fmn2nej4xttvo5gmv8qmtt99uayrotv Category:Abantu abasomera ku Trinity College Nabbingo 14 14750 59312 2026-07-06T13:38:19Z Lillylove256 10862 ngasseeko amatuluba 59312 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be bantu abaasomera ku Trinity College Nabbingo 9lzsnbzhjtx4nnze5xv919pnurxm74k Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ey'omunaana 14 14751 59313 2026-07-06T13:38:48Z Lillylove256 10862 ngasseeko amatuluba 59313 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be babaka ba Paalamenti ey'omunaana 6rqpzqlybfyy08zb77okjymvwq1tg2z Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu kibiina kya National Resistence Movement 14 14752 59315 2026-07-06T13:40:54Z Lillylove256 10862 ngasseeko amatuluba 59315 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be bannabyabufuzi mu kibiina kya National Resistence Movement 154q5k4x6fbtftq1xnf1yuqupkxg4al Category:Abantu abasibuka mu Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke 14 14753 59316 2026-07-06T13:41:25Z Lillylove256 10862 ngasseeko amatuluba 59316 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be bantu abasibuka mu Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke n3inlprg08pnpk2rzyfyft13dzsn9yo Shakira 0 14754 59389 2026-07-06T18:11:10Z ~2026-38552-53 11403 Created page with "[[File:2023-11-16_Gala_de_los_Latin_Grammy,_03_(cropped)02.jpg|right|thumb|Shakira (2023)]] '''Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll''', amanyikiddwa olw'obukugu bwe nga Shakira, (yazaalibwa nga 2 Gwokubiri 1977) Munnakolombiya omuyimbi w'ennyimba za 'Latin pop' ne 'Latin rock', muwandiisi w'anyimba era omusuubuzi. Ng'asinga kumannyikwa olw'oluyimba lwe olwasinga okukwata abantu omubabiro lwebayita "Whenever, Wherever", "Hips Don't Lie" ne "Waka Waka".<ref>https://www.billboard...." 59389 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:2023-11-16_Gala_de_los_Latin_Grammy,_03_(cropped)02.jpg|right|thumb|Shakira (2023)]] '''Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll''', amanyikiddwa olw'obukugu bwe nga Shakira, (yazaalibwa nga 2 Gwokubiri 1977) Munnakolombiya omuyimbi w'ennyimba za 'Latin pop' ne 'Latin rock', muwandiisi w'anyimba era omusuubuzi. Ng'asinga kumannyikwa olw'oluyimba lwe olwasinga okukwata abantu omubabiro lwebayita "Whenever, Wherever", "Hips Don't Lie" ne "Waka Waka".<ref>https://www.billboard.com/lists/shakiras-top-songs-billboard-hot-100/</ref> Alubaamu ye eyasooka eya ''Magia'' yafulumizibwa mu 1991 ne alubaamu ye ey'ensi yonna eyasooka eya ''Pies Descalzos'' y'afulumizibwa mu 1995.<ref>https://www.etonline.com/how-shakira-has-remained-a-global-superstar-25-years-after-pies-descalzos-156472</ref> == Ebijuliziddwamu == {{Reflist}} h9np04rhoon2e9f27u2s6hdqusdh7js Category:Bannayuganda abakyala abayimbi ab'ekyaza kya 21 14 14755 59401 2026-07-06T20:18:59Z Samson Ssemakadde 6903 ngaseeko amatuluba 59401 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano beebannayuganda abakyala abayimbi ab'ekyaza kya 21. fappw7910klupsf38x1zk1ot1mr713d Category:Abaazalibwa mu 1978 14 14756 59408 2026-07-06T21:43:13Z Samson Ssemakadde 6903 Ngaseeko amatuluba 59408 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano beebantu abaazalibwa mu 1978. 44m5ctl14s3xnrssjzvx4z888bs5uit Category:Abantu abaali basomeddeko ku Makerere Yunivasite 14 14757 59409 2026-07-06T21:44:10Z Samson Ssemakadde 6903 Ngaseeko amatuluba 59409 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano beebantu abantu abaali basomeddeko ku Makerere Yunivasite. knsahagqpwrpswhyi8teyf34k751fg7 Category:Bannayuganda ab'enzikiriza y'Obukatuliki 14 14758 59411 2026-07-06T21:45:35Z Samson Ssemakadde 6903 Ngaseeko amatuluba 59411 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano beebanayuganda ab'enzikiriza y'Obukatuliki. lj3700exmhw5eynwteri38xo22sberx Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'e 11 14 14759 59412 2026-07-06T21:46:27Z Samson Ssemakadde 6903 Ngaseeko amatuluba 59412 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano beebabaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'e 11. ig7z2eiygnhrypub2n16rnuvy72oeqq Category:Banabyabufuzi ab'ekibiina kya Uganda People's Congress 14 14760 59413 2026-07-06T21:47:11Z Samson Ssemakadde 6903 Ngaseeko amatuluba 59413 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano beebanabyabufuzi ab'ekibiina kya Uganda People's Congress. rq4sfr6dv6rid2tjkx4isb3y576v1dk User:Ssemmanda will/common.js 2 14761 59435 2026-07-07T08:22:58Z Ssemmanda will 3837 Enabled Cat-a-lot for articles 59435 javascript text/javascript // Enable Cat-a-lot for articles. // Cat-a-lot configuration window.catALotPrefs = { editpages: true, // ← This allows non-file pages (articles, search results, etc.) minor: true, // Mark edits as minor (optional) docleanup: false, // Optional subcatcount: 50 // How many subcategories to show (you can adjust) }; 4bdlp1n4vq928d8fwsjsmp0801hrt8e 59436 59435 2026-07-07T08:32:03Z Ssemmanda will 3837 Adding Cat-a-lot configuration 59436 javascript text/javascript // === Load full Cat-a-lot from Commons + enable non-file pages === mw.loader.using(['jquery.ui', 'mediawiki.util'], function(){ mw.loader.load('//commons.wikimedia.org/w/load.php?modules=ext.gadget.Cat-a-lot'); }); window.catALotPrefs = { editpages: true, // Allows articles, search results, and other non-file pages minor: true, // Marks your changes as minor edits docleanup: false, subcatcount: 50 // Number of subcategories shown (you can change this number) }; iqvfe99rgamakg6g2b2bw5rd2gdfdv0 59437 59436 2026-07-07T08:41:40Z Ssemmanda will 3837 Updated Cat-a-lot config 59437 javascript text/javascript // Cat-a-lot full load from Commons + force on all pages mw.loader.using(['jquery.ui', 'mediawiki.util'], function(){ mw.loader.load('//commons.wikimedia.org/w/load.php?modules=ext.gadget.Cat-a-lot'); }); // Force Cat-a-lot settings window.catALotPrefs = { editpages: true, minor: true, docleanup: false, subcatcount: 50 }; // Force the tool to initialize on every page if (typeof catALot !== 'undefined') { catALot.init(); } 2lxtqal0ehco272fa385bhbfwvvmlua 59439 59437 2026-07-07T09:16:14Z Ssemmanda will 3837 Updated Cat-a-lot config 59439 javascript text/javascript // === Aggressive Cat-a-lot load from Commons === mw.loader.load('//commons.wikimedia.org/w/load.php?modules=ext.gadget.Cat-a-lot&only=scripts'); window.catALotPrefs = { editpages: true, minor: true, docleanup: false, subcatcount: 100 }; // Force initialization on every page mw.hook('wikipage.content').add(function() { if (typeof window.catALot !== 'undefined' && typeof window.catALot.init === 'function') { setTimeout(window.catALot.init, 1000); } }); mw.hook('ajaxComplete').add(function() { if (typeof window.catALot !== 'undefined' && typeof window.catALot.init === 'function') { setTimeout(window.catALot.init, 800); } }); 0oymf80qegw965u7v0hm1booc10g10z William Kamanyi 0 14762 59438 2026-07-07T09:11:04Z Timothy Minister 11393 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1361012204|William Kamanyi]]" 59438 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''William Luwagga Kamanyi''' (yazaalibwa mu 1942) yaliko omuzannyi [[Yuganda|wa Uganda]] mu kubuuka obuwanvu, omuzannyi wa cricket, era nga mutendesi wa mizannyo. Yakiikirira Uganda mu mizannyo egy'obwakabaka bwa Bungereza egya Commonwealth mu 1962 ne mu mizannyo gya Summer Olympics mu 1964, era oluvannyuma yatendeka ttiimu y'eggwanga lya Uganda eya cricket . Kamanyi yasomera mu ku [[King's College, Budo|King's College Budo]] . Mu kubuuka kw’abasajja okw'obuwanvu mu mizannyo gya British Empire Games egyali e Perth mu 1962, Western Australia, yakwata kya kkumi ku baavuganya ekkumi n'omwenda. Ono yabuuka mita 7.3 (ffuuti 23 n'obutundu 11 okuyingira munda) . Kino kyateekawo likodi y’eggwanga mu Uganda eyaliwo okumala emyaka 14. Mu mpaka ze zimu mu mizannyo gya Summer Olympics egyaliwo mu 1964 e [[Tokyo]], Kamanyi yawandiisibwa ng'omuvuganya kyokka alipoota entongole eraga nti teyeetaba mu mpaka zino. Oluvannyuma lw'okunnyuka eby'okudduka emisinde, yasalawo okussa essira ku cricket, era yakiikirira ttiimu y'eggwanga lya Uganda ng'omuzannyi wa buli wamu wakati wa 1971 ne 1983. <ref name="vet" /> Wakati wa 1998 ne 2001, Kamanyi yaweereza ng'omutendesi omukulu owa ttiimu ya Uganda eya cricket. Mu kiseera ekyo, era yatendeka n'abazannyi ba Uganda abali wansi w'emyaka 19 mu mpaka za Afrika ez'abali wansi w'emyaka 19 mu 2001, era yeenyigira mu kutandikawo ttiimu y'eggwanga ey'abakazi . Mu Gwomusanvu, 2007, Kamanyi yalondebwa ku kifo ky'omukungu w'enkulaakulana mu kibiina kya Africa Cricket Association mu buvanjuba bwa Afrika (East Africa), n'adda mu bigere bya Munnakenya Tom Tikolo . Ogumu ku mirimu gye yasooka okukola mu kifo kino kwali kulabirira okusengulwa kwa ofiisi y'enkulaakulana okuva e Nairobi, Kenya, okudda e [[Kigali]], [[Rwanda]] . Eno yakolagana nnyo ne ttiimu y'eggwanga eya Rwanda eyali etandise, n'aweereza ng'omutendesi waayo mu mpaka za World Cricket League Africa Division Three eza 2009 . Mu 2014, Kamanyi yaweebwa engule y'obuweereza obw'olubeerera okuva eri International Cricket Council. == Ebijuliziddwa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist|30em}} k62web5b1359ay2xyvnzb42ecy5pok8 Category:Abantu abasibuka mu Disitulikiti y'e Nebbi 14 14763 59450 2026-07-07T09:58:42Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Ntaddemu ekinnyonyolo 59450 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be bantu abasibuka mu Disitulikiti y'e Nebbi 0nw5y3xwb2kt2oe6oq7sutogh18or6n